Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus persists for many years, resolving rarely. […] In view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus, it is recommended that all patients are regularly reviewed by a health care provider for changes suggestive of potential malignancy of the oral cavity. […] All patients with oral lichen planus should be advised of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of oral lichen planus, and provided with appropriate preventative advice – particularly the avoidance of tobacco and alcohol and betel, and empirically a diet rich in vitamins A, C and E and the maintenance of good oral hygiene. […] At the present time, as the cause of lichen planus is unknown, there is no specific preventative programme for this disorder. […] However, regular clinical review is important in view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of this disorder.

• #2 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus persists for many years, resolving rarely. […] In view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus, it is recommended that all patients are regularly reviewed by a health care provider for changes suggestive of potential malignancy of the oral cavity. […] All patients with oral lichen planus should be advised of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of oral lichen planus, and provided with appropriate preventative advice – particularly the avoidance of tobacco and alcohol and betel, and empirically a diet rich in vitamins A, C and E and the maintenance of good oral hygiene. […] At the present time, as the cause of lichen planus is unknown, there is no specific preventative programme for this disorder. […] However, regular clinical review is important in view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of this disorder.

• #3 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/lichen-planus

  As the cause is usually not known it is impossible to stop oral lichen planus happening. […] To avoid the risk of serious disease of the lining of your mouth: Don’t smoke. […] Don’t drink large amounts of alcohol. […] Do eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. […] Whether you have oral lichen planus or not, you should clean your teeth last thing at night and at least one other time during the day with a fluoride toothpaste. […] You should also have your teeth and gums checked regularly by a dentist so that any changes in the lining of your mouth can easily be spotted.

• #4 How to Stop Lichen Planus from Spreading on Your Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-lichen-planus-from-spreading

  Lichen planus is a frustrating and uncomfortable skin condition, but with the right treatments and lifestyle changes, you can manage its symptoms and reduce the risk of it spreading. […] There are ways to prevent this condition from spreading around your body. Controlling flare-ups, managing triggers, and following a treatment plan can help reduce the risk of lichen planus spreading. […] Timely treatment of lichen planus is key to controlling its spread, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. […] While medical treatments are crucial for managing lichen planus, you can also take steps at home to soothe your symptoms and prevent flare-ups: […] Practice healthy hygiene: Regularly clean the affected areas to prevent infections. For oral lichen planus, a soft toothbrush and alcohol-free mouthwash can help prevent irritation. […] If you notice your condition worsening or spreading, be sure to seek medical advice.

• #5 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus persists for many years, resolving rarely. […] In view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus, it is recommended that all patients are regularly reviewed by a health care provider for changes suggestive of potential malignancy of the oral cavity. […] All patients with oral lichen planus should be advised of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of oral lichen planus, and provided with appropriate preventative advice – particularly the avoidance of tobacco and alcohol and betel, and empirically a diet rich in vitamins A, C and E and the maintenance of good oral hygiene. […] At the present time, as the cause of lichen planus is unknown, there is no specific preventative programme for this disorder. […] However, regular clinical review is important in view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of this disorder.

• #6 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=134&contentid=220

  Some evidence suggests that oral lichen planus may be an early warning for oral cancer. Make sure you see your dentist for an oral exam at least twice a year. […] If you have oral lichen planus, you can do the following: Stop smoking. […] Have a dental exam twice a year.

• #7 Lichen Planus | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/l/lichen-planus.html

  Some evidence suggests that oral lichen planus may be an early warning for oral cancer. Make sure you see your dentist for an oral exam at least twice a year. […] If you have oral lichen planus, you can do the following: […] People with oral lichen planus should have dental exams twice a year.

• #8 Get Lichen Planus Treatment Online – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can be managed with self-care. […] Regular checkups, at least annually, are important because it increases the risk of mouth cancer. […] Self-care measures include: Practice good oral care, (brush twice and floss every day), including regular dentist visits. Keeping the mouth clean helps reduce symptoms, and lowers your infection risk. […] Get an oral cancer screening at least every year.

• #9 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #10 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #11 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #12 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Therapy for OLP should begin with supportive measures such as gentle oral hygiene, control of gingivitis and oral candidiasis, smoking cessation, and limitation of alcohol intake, under the care of the patients dental practitioner. […] The main goal of therapy for MLP is the control of inflammation allowing healing and remission of the disease. Ancillary goals are control of symptoms of pain and the restoration of mucosal health. Treatment should be directed at eliminating atrophic, erosive, and ulcerative lesions and potentially lessening the likelihood of malignant transformation. […] At the time of diagnosis of OLP, patients should be counseled about the increased risk of oral cancer and understand the need for periodic examinations even if they are asymptomatic, or if their symptoms are well-controlled.

• #13 Oral lichen planus | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/90/12/717

  Oral lichen planus is considered a multifactorial disease with risk factors including medications, dental materials, and viral infections such as hepatitis C. […] The primary goal of management is symptom relief. Nonpharmacologic measures include maintenance of oral hygiene, smoking cessation, alcohol avoidance, and dietary restrictions including spicy acidic foods, citrus fruits, crispy or salty foods, crusted bread, and caffeinated drinks. […] Oral lichen planus, especially the erosive type, is a potentially premalignant disorder with a higher risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma and necessitates periodic follow-up.

• #14 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #15 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  It is important to identify and remove or avoid any potential agent that might have caused a lichenoid reaction, such as drugs that have been started in recent months and contact allergens identified by patch testing. […] Most people get satisfactory control of symptoms with the following measures. […] Vitamin D supplementation (if indicated) […] Stop smoking […] Topical steroids as drops, pastes, gels or sprays, for example, triamcinolone in an emollient dental paste, fluticasone nasal preparations, and clobetasol propionate in various forms. Topical steroids can be delivered to oral lichen planus affecting the gums within a polyvinyl siloxane medication tray, held in place for a couple of hours. […] In severe cases systemic corticosteroids may be used. […] Targeted molecular medicines are under investigation for the treatment or recalcitrant disease, with apremilast reported effective in a few patients.

• #16 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/lichen-planus

  As the cause is usually not known it is impossible to stop oral lichen planus happening. […] To avoid the risk of serious disease of the lining of your mouth: Don’t smoke. […] Don’t drink large amounts of alcohol. […] Do eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. […] Whether you have oral lichen planus or not, you should clean your teeth last thing at night and at least one other time during the day with a fluoride toothpaste. […] You should also have your teeth and gums checked regularly by a dentist so that any changes in the lining of your mouth can easily be spotted.

• #17 Oral Lichen Planus – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/oral-lichen-planus/

  Patients with oral lichen planus have an elevated risk of developing oral cancer. Therefore, its important for patients with this condition to consult their primary care physician about possibly establishing care with an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, or otolaryngologist. […] To reduce your risk of developing oral cancer, do not smoke, do not chew betel (the leaf of an Asian evergreen climbing plant that is used in the East as a mild stimulant), and moderate your consumption of alcohol. See your ENT specialist again if your oral lesions start to change or look different.

• #18 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Therapy for OLP should begin with supportive measures such as gentle oral hygiene, control of gingivitis and oral candidiasis, smoking cessation, and limitation of alcohol intake, under the care of the patients dental practitioner. […] The main goal of therapy for MLP is the control of inflammation allowing healing and remission of the disease. Ancillary goals are control of symptoms of pain and the restoration of mucosal health. Treatment should be directed at eliminating atrophic, erosive, and ulcerative lesions and potentially lessening the likelihood of malignant transformation. […] At the time of diagnosis of OLP, patients should be counseled about the increased risk of oral cancer and understand the need for periodic examinations even if they are asymptomatic, or if their symptoms are well-controlled.

• #19 Oral Lichen Planus – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/oral-lichen-planus/

  Patients with oral lichen planus have an elevated risk of developing oral cancer. Therefore, its important for patients with this condition to consult their primary care physician about possibly establishing care with an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, or otolaryngologist. […] To reduce your risk of developing oral cancer, do not smoke, do not chew betel (the leaf of an Asian evergreen climbing plant that is used in the East as a mild stimulant), and moderate your consumption of alcohol. See your ENT specialist again if your oral lesions start to change or look different.

• #20 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  It is important to identify and remove or avoid any potential agent that might have caused a lichenoid reaction, such as drugs that have been started in recent months and contact allergens identified by patch testing. […] Most people get satisfactory control of symptoms with the following measures. […] Vitamin D supplementation (if indicated) […] Stop smoking […] Topical steroids as drops, pastes, gels or sprays, for example, triamcinolone in an emollient dental paste, fluticasone nasal preparations, and clobetasol propionate in various forms. Topical steroids can be delivered to oral lichen planus affecting the gums within a polyvinyl siloxane medication tray, held in place for a couple of hours. […] In severe cases systemic corticosteroids may be used. […] Targeted molecular medicines are under investigation for the treatment or recalcitrant disease, with apremilast reported effective in a few patients.

• #21 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Therapy for OLP should begin with supportive measures such as gentle oral hygiene, control of gingivitis and oral candidiasis, smoking cessation, and limitation of alcohol intake, under the care of the patients dental practitioner. […] The main goal of therapy for MLP is the control of inflammation allowing healing and remission of the disease. Ancillary goals are control of symptoms of pain and the restoration of mucosal health. Treatment should be directed at eliminating atrophic, erosive, and ulcerative lesions and potentially lessening the likelihood of malignant transformation. […] At the time of diagnosis of OLP, patients should be counseled about the increased risk of oral cancer and understand the need for periodic examinations even if they are asymptomatic, or if their symptoms are well-controlled.

• #22 Get Lichen Planus Treatment Online – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can be managed with self-care. […] Regular checkups, at least annually, are important because it increases the risk of mouth cancer. […] Self-care measures include: Practice good oral care, (brush twice and floss every day), including regular dentist visits. Keeping the mouth clean helps reduce symptoms, and lowers your infection risk. […] Get an oral cancer screening at least every year.

• #23 Lichen planus: Symptoms, types, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184866

  Oral lichen planus may resolve within 5 years. However, it is more likely to be chronic and may return. […] People should consider maintaining good oral hygiene, such as brushing their teeth twice daily, flossing each day, using an alcohol-free mouthwash, and visiting the dentist twice a year. […] It may not be possible to prevent lichen planus. However, a person can take steps to help prevent symptoms from worsening.

• #24 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #25 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #26 Lichen planus: Symptoms, types, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184866

  Oral lichen planus may resolve within 5 years. However, it is more likely to be chronic and may return. […] People should consider maintaining good oral hygiene, such as brushing their teeth twice daily, flossing each day, using an alcohol-free mouthwash, and visiting the dentist twice a year. […] It may not be possible to prevent lichen planus. However, a person can take steps to help prevent symptoms from worsening.

• #27 How to Stop Lichen Planus from Spreading on Your Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-lichen-planus-from-spreading

  Lichen planus is a frustrating and uncomfortable skin condition, but with the right treatments and lifestyle changes, you can manage its symptoms and reduce the risk of it spreading. […] There are ways to prevent this condition from spreading around your body. Controlling flare-ups, managing triggers, and following a treatment plan can help reduce the risk of lichen planus spreading. […] Timely treatment of lichen planus is key to controlling its spread, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. […] While medical treatments are crucial for managing lichen planus, you can also take steps at home to soothe your symptoms and prevent flare-ups: […] Practice healthy hygiene: Regularly clean the affected areas to prevent infections. For oral lichen planus, a soft toothbrush and alcohol-free mouthwash can help prevent irritation. […] If you notice your condition worsening or spreading, be sure to seek medical advice.

• #28 Oral Lichen Planus – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/oral-lichen-planus/

  Early detection of oral lichen planus is often done by the dentist/dental hygienist. The disease cannot be prevented. It is important to maintain good oral hygiene and avoid any irritation or injury to the oral mucosa. Injuries to the mucosa can trigger a new relapse if OLP is already present. […] A regular check-up visit to the dentist helps to detect and treat a recurrence of oral lichen planus in time. […] Be careful not to injure your oral mucosa. […] Visit your dentist or dental hygienist regularly for check-ups. […] Refrain from cigarettes, alcohol, and spicy or highly acidic foods. […] Have your teeth professionally cleaned on a regular basis.

• #29 Oral Lichen Planus – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/oral-lichen-planus/

  Early detection of oral lichen planus is often done by the dentist/dental hygienist. The disease cannot be prevented. It is important to maintain good oral hygiene and avoid any irritation or injury to the oral mucosa. Injuries to the mucosa can trigger a new relapse if OLP is already present. […] A regular check-up visit to the dentist helps to detect and treat a recurrence of oral lichen planus in time. […] Be careful not to injure your oral mucosa. […] Visit your dentist or dental hygienist regularly for check-ups. […] Refrain from cigarettes, alcohol, and spicy or highly acidic foods. […] Have your teeth professionally cleaned on a regular basis.

• #30 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Therapy for OLP should begin with supportive measures such as gentle oral hygiene, control of gingivitis and oral candidiasis, smoking cessation, and limitation of alcohol intake, under the care of the patients dental practitioner. […] The main goal of therapy for MLP is the control of inflammation allowing healing and remission of the disease. Ancillary goals are control of symptoms of pain and the restoration of mucosal health. Treatment should be directed at eliminating atrophic, erosive, and ulcerative lesions and potentially lessening the likelihood of malignant transformation. […] At the time of diagnosis of OLP, patients should be counseled about the increased risk of oral cancer and understand the need for periodic examinations even if they are asymptomatic, or if their symptoms are well-controlled.

• #31 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #32 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/lichen-planus

  As the cause is usually not known it is impossible to stop oral lichen planus happening. […] To avoid the risk of serious disease of the lining of your mouth: Don’t smoke. […] Don’t drink large amounts of alcohol. […] Do eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables. […] Whether you have oral lichen planus or not, you should clean your teeth last thing at night and at least one other time during the day with a fluoride toothpaste. […] You should also have your teeth and gums checked regularly by a dentist so that any changes in the lining of your mouth can easily be spotted.

• #33 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #34 Lichen Planus: What It Is, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17723-lichen-planus

  There isnt any way to prevent lichen planus. […] If you have oral lichen planus, its a good idea to avoid spicy or acidic foods or drinks that may cause further irritation, including: Hot peppers. Salsas. Citrus fruits. Tomatoes. Alcohol. […] In addition to avoiding spicy and acidic foods and drinks, you should avoid smoking.

• #35 Lichen Planus: What It Is, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17723-lichen-planus

  There isnt any way to prevent lichen planus. […] If you have oral lichen planus, its a good idea to avoid spicy or acidic foods or drinks that may cause further irritation, including: Hot peppers. Salsas. Citrus fruits. Tomatoes. Alcohol. […] In addition to avoiding spicy and acidic foods and drinks, you should avoid smoking.

• #36 Lichen Planus Treatment – Colorado Springs & Monument, CO

  https://www.summitdermatology.com/conditions/lichen-planus/

  Do not smoke, do not chew tobacco, do not drink alcohol […] Get a screening for oral cancer every 6-12 months with your dentist […] Brush your teeth twice daily and floss daily […] Avoid spicy foods, citrus fruits and juices, tomatoes or tomato products, salty snack foods, and drinks that contain caffeine (coffee, tea, and soda)

• #37 Oral lichen planus | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/90/12/717

  Oral lichen planus is considered a multifactorial disease with risk factors including medications, dental materials, and viral infections such as hepatitis C. […] The primary goal of management is symptom relief. Nonpharmacologic measures include maintenance of oral hygiene, smoking cessation, alcohol avoidance, and dietary restrictions including spicy acidic foods, citrus fruits, crispy or salty foods, crusted bread, and caffeinated drinks. […] Oral lichen planus, especially the erosive type, is a potentially premalignant disorder with a higher risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma and necessitates periodic follow-up.

• #38 Oral lichen planus | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/90/12/717

  Oral lichen planus is considered a multifactorial disease with risk factors including medications, dental materials, and viral infections such as hepatitis C. […] The primary goal of management is symptom relief. Nonpharmacologic measures include maintenance of oral hygiene, smoking cessation, alcohol avoidance, and dietary restrictions including spicy acidic foods, citrus fruits, crispy or salty foods, crusted bread, and caffeinated drinks. […] Oral lichen planus, especially the erosive type, is a potentially premalignant disorder with a higher risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma and necessitates periodic follow-up.

• #39 Lichen Planus Treatment – Colorado Springs & Monument, CO

  https://www.summitdermatology.com/conditions/lichen-planus/

  Do not smoke, do not chew tobacco, do not drink alcohol […] Get a screening for oral cancer every 6-12 months with your dentist […] Brush your teeth twice daily and floss daily […] Avoid spicy foods, citrus fruits and juices, tomatoes or tomato products, salty snack foods, and drinks that contain caffeine (coffee, tea, and soda)

• #40 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #41 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  It is important to identify and remove or avoid any potential agent that might have caused a lichenoid reaction, such as drugs that have been started in recent months and contact allergens identified by patch testing. […] Most people get satisfactory control of symptoms with the following measures. […] Vitamin D supplementation (if indicated) […] Stop smoking […] Topical steroids as drops, pastes, gels or sprays, for example, triamcinolone in an emollient dental paste, fluticasone nasal preparations, and clobetasol propionate in various forms. Topical steroids can be delivered to oral lichen planus affecting the gums within a polyvinyl siloxane medication tray, held in place for a couple of hours. […] In severe cases systemic corticosteroids may be used. […] Targeted molecular medicines are under investigation for the treatment or recalcitrant disease, with apremilast reported effective in a few patients.

• #42 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus persists for many years, resolving rarely. […] In view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus, it is recommended that all patients are regularly reviewed by a health care provider for changes suggestive of potential malignancy of the oral cavity. […] All patients with oral lichen planus should be advised of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of oral lichen planus, and provided with appropriate preventative advice – particularly the avoidance of tobacco and alcohol and betel, and empirically a diet rich in vitamins A, C and E and the maintenance of good oral hygiene. […] At the present time, as the cause of lichen planus is unknown, there is no specific preventative programme for this disorder. […] However, regular clinical review is important in view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of this disorder.

• #43 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #44 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #45 Oral lichen planus, causes, symptoms and treatments

  https://www.centrethermalavene.com/en/your-skin/cutaneous-and-mucous-lichen

  Prevention and treatment of oral lichen planus […] A healthy lifestyle under supervision and good eating habits can avoid the onset of lichen planus. It is strongly recommended that smoking and excessive consumption of spicy foods should be avoided, teeth and gums should be brushed regularly and meditation can be practised in order to manage sources of stress, which are harmful to the body. […] When a patient is affected by this disease, the doctor may prescribe topical corticosteroids, or if the symptoms prove to be more severe, antihistamines. If you notice any worrying symptoms that may make you think that you are developing oral lichen planus, consult your primary care doctor or a dermatologist immediately, who will refer you for appropriate treatment. Lichen planus should be treated as soon as possible, as it does not disappear by itself.

• #46 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Watch what you eat and drink. Certain foods and drinks, especially spicy or citrus ones, can worsen your symptoms. Hot or cold foods and drinks can also make you more uncomfortable. […] Stress can also make things worse. […] Get rid of any problems that could trigger or worsen oral lichen planus: […] Brush twice a day, and floss daily. […] Use a mild toothpaste and a soft toothbrush. […] You also need to keep track of your symptoms and tell your doctor about any changes in your mouth. […] It’s also important to enjoy a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and avoid spicy or acidic foods that may worsen your symptoms. […] Learning to manage your stress and avoiding habits such as chewing the inside of your cheek can also help with prevention.

• #47 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #48 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Diet, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

  The risk of oral cancer in patients with OLP may be reduced by means of the following: […] Elimination of smoking and alcohol consumption […] Effective treatment of atrophic, erosive, and plaque OLP lesions […] Consumption of a nutritious diet that includes fresh fruit and vegetables […] Elimination of C albicans superinfection […] Clinical examination with any exacerbation of symptoms or change in lesion presentation […] Regular clinical examination and repeat biopsy as required – Oral brush biopsy can be performed to limit the number of scalpel biopsies, though the optimal frequency of brush biopsy for OLP patient follow-up has not been established; if the clinical features of the lesions change, scalpel biopsy should be repeated.

• #49 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical corticosteroids should be first-line treatments for all forms of lichen planus. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel), should be used as second-line therapies to treat genital and oral lichen planus. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy for mucosal erosive lichen planus. […] Systemic corticosteroids, such as oral prednisone, should be considered only for severe, widespread oral lichen planus and for lichen planus involving other mucocutaneous sites. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy. […] High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus.

• #50 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  It is important to identify and remove or avoid any potential agent that might have caused a lichenoid reaction, such as drugs that have been started in recent months and contact allergens identified by patch testing. […] Most people get satisfactory control of symptoms with the following measures. […] Vitamin D supplementation (if indicated) […] Stop smoking […] Topical steroids as drops, pastes, gels or sprays, for example, triamcinolone in an emollient dental paste, fluticasone nasal preparations, and clobetasol propionate in various forms. Topical steroids can be delivered to oral lichen planus affecting the gums within a polyvinyl siloxane medication tray, held in place for a couple of hours. […] In severe cases systemic corticosteroids may be used. […] Targeted molecular medicines are under investigation for the treatment or recalcitrant disease, with apremilast reported effective in a few patients.

• #51 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical corticosteroids should be first-line treatments for all forms of lichen planus. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel), should be used as second-line therapies to treat genital and oral lichen planus. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy for mucosal erosive lichen planus. […] Systemic corticosteroids, such as oral prednisone, should be considered only for severe, widespread oral lichen planus and for lichen planus involving other mucocutaneous sites. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy. […] High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus.

• #52 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  A comparative study showed that topical tacrolimus is as effective as the high-potency corticosteroid clobetasol in the treatment of oral lichen planus. […] A randomized controlled trial revealed that pimecrolimus 1% cream effectively treats erosive oral lichen planus with long-lasting therapeutic effects. […] If topical corticosteroids are ineffective, carbon-dioxide laser evaporation can lead to long-term remission of symptoms, and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in patients with painful oral lichen planus.

• #53 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical corticosteroids should be first-line treatments for all forms of lichen planus. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel), should be used as second-line therapies to treat genital and oral lichen planus. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy for mucosal erosive lichen planus. […] Systemic corticosteroids, such as oral prednisone, should be considered only for severe, widespread oral lichen planus and for lichen planus involving other mucocutaneous sites. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy. […] High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus.

• #54 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  It is important to identify and remove or avoid any potential agent that might have caused a lichenoid reaction, such as drugs that have been started in recent months and contact allergens identified by patch testing. […] Most people get satisfactory control of symptoms with the following measures. […] Vitamin D supplementation (if indicated) […] Stop smoking […] Topical steroids as drops, pastes, gels or sprays, for example, triamcinolone in an emollient dental paste, fluticasone nasal preparations, and clobetasol propionate in various forms. Topical steroids can be delivered to oral lichen planus affecting the gums within a polyvinyl siloxane medication tray, held in place for a couple of hours. […] In severe cases systemic corticosteroids may be used. […] Targeted molecular medicines are under investigation for the treatment or recalcitrant disease, with apremilast reported effective in a few patients.

• #55 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  A comparative study showed that topical tacrolimus is as effective as the high-potency corticosteroid clobetasol in the treatment of oral lichen planus. […] A randomized controlled trial revealed that pimecrolimus 1% cream effectively treats erosive oral lichen planus with long-lasting therapeutic effects. […] If topical corticosteroids are ineffective, carbon-dioxide laser evaporation can lead to long-term remission of symptoms, and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in patients with painful oral lichen planus.

• #56 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Gaining and sustaining remission is challenging. However, the clinician should expect marked or moderate improvement if not complete remission in 3-6 months in many patients. Maintaining remission for 3 additional months before tapering the immunomodulatory agent is essential. Long-term, low-dose immunosuppressive therapy may be necessary.

• #57 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Gaining and sustaining remission is challenging. However, the clinician should expect marked or moderate improvement if not complete remission in 3-6 months in many patients. Maintaining remission for 3 additional months before tapering the immunomodulatory agent is essential. Long-term, low-dose immunosuppressive therapy may be necessary.

• #58 How to Stop Lichen Planus from Spreading on Your Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-lichen-planus-from-spreading

  Lichen planus is a frustrating and uncomfortable skin condition, but with the right treatments and lifestyle changes, you can manage its symptoms and reduce the risk of it spreading. […] There are ways to prevent this condition from spreading around your body. Controlling flare-ups, managing triggers, and following a treatment plan can help reduce the risk of lichen planus spreading. […] Timely treatment of lichen planus is key to controlling its spread, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. […] While medical treatments are crucial for managing lichen planus, you can also take steps at home to soothe your symptoms and prevent flare-ups: […] Practice healthy hygiene: Regularly clean the affected areas to prevent infections. For oral lichen planus, a soft toothbrush and alcohol-free mouthwash can help prevent irritation. […] If you notice your condition worsening or spreading, be sure to seek medical advice.

• #59 Oral Lichen Planus – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/oral-lichen-planus/

  Patients with oral lichen planus have an elevated risk of developing oral cancer. Therefore, its important for patients with this condition to consult their primary care physician about possibly establishing care with an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, or otolaryngologist. […] To reduce your risk of developing oral cancer, do not smoke, do not chew betel (the leaf of an Asian evergreen climbing plant that is used in the East as a mild stimulant), and moderate your consumption of alcohol. See your ENT specialist again if your oral lesions start to change or look different.

• #60 Oral Lichen Planus – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/oral-lichen-planus/

  Patients with oral lichen planus have an elevated risk of developing oral cancer. Therefore, its important for patients with this condition to consult their primary care physician about possibly establishing care with an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, or otolaryngologist. […] To reduce your risk of developing oral cancer, do not smoke, do not chew betel (the leaf of an Asian evergreen climbing plant that is used in the East as a mild stimulant), and moderate your consumption of alcohol. See your ENT specialist again if your oral lesions start to change or look different.

• #61 Oral lichen planus, causes, symptoms and treatments

  https://www.centrethermalavene.com/en/your-skin/cutaneous-and-mucous-lichen

  Prevention and treatment of oral lichen planus […] A healthy lifestyle under supervision and good eating habits can avoid the onset of lichen planus. It is strongly recommended that smoking and excessive consumption of spicy foods should be avoided, teeth and gums should be brushed regularly and meditation can be practised in order to manage sources of stress, which are harmful to the body. […] When a patient is affected by this disease, the doctor may prescribe topical corticosteroids, or if the symptoms prove to be more severe, antihistamines. If you notice any worrying symptoms that may make you think that you are developing oral lichen planus, consult your primary care doctor or a dermatologist immediately, who will refer you for appropriate treatment. Lichen planus should be treated as soon as possible, as it does not disappear by itself.

• #62

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral Lichen Planus – How to prevent? […] For symptomatic cases, much of the discomfort can often be reduced simply by avoiding triggering factors such as spicy food or certain toothpastes or mouthwashes, and maintaining good oral hygiene. […] Symptom-free cases will not require any treatment but should be reviewed by the dental surgeon or physician every six months to one year.

• #63 Oral lichen planus, causes, symptoms and treatments

  https://www.centrethermalavene.com/en/your-skin/cutaneous-and-mucous-lichen

  Prevention and treatment of oral lichen planus […] A healthy lifestyle under supervision and good eating habits can avoid the onset of lichen planus. It is strongly recommended that smoking and excessive consumption of spicy foods should be avoided, teeth and gums should be brushed regularly and meditation can be practised in order to manage sources of stress, which are harmful to the body. […] When a patient is affected by this disease, the doctor may prescribe topical corticosteroids, or if the symptoms prove to be more severe, antihistamines. If you notice any worrying symptoms that may make you think that you are developing oral lichen planus, consult your primary care doctor or a dermatologist immediately, who will refer you for appropriate treatment. Lichen planus should be treated as soon as possible, as it does not disappear by itself.

• #64 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Therapy for OLP should begin with supportive measures such as gentle oral hygiene, control of gingivitis and oral candidiasis, smoking cessation, and limitation of alcohol intake, under the care of the patients dental practitioner. […] The main goal of therapy for MLP is the control of inflammation allowing healing and remission of the disease. Ancillary goals are control of symptoms of pain and the restoration of mucosal health. Treatment should be directed at eliminating atrophic, erosive, and ulcerative lesions and potentially lessening the likelihood of malignant transformation. […] At the time of diagnosis of OLP, patients should be counseled about the increased risk of oral cancer and understand the need for periodic examinations even if they are asymptomatic, or if their symptoms are well-controlled.

• #65 Commentary: Systemic Therapy for Mucosal Lichen Planus with a Focus on Oral Lichen Planus: Update and Review of Challenges and Successes

  https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/commentary-systemic-therapy-for-mucosal-lichen-planus-with-a-focus-on-oral-lichen-planus-update-and-review-of-challenges-and-success.html

  Therapy for OLP should begin with supportive measures such as gentle oral hygiene, control of gingivitis and oral candidiasis, smoking cessation, and limitation of alcohol intake, under the care of the patients dental practitioner. […] The main goal of therapy for MLP is the control of inflammation allowing healing and remission of the disease. Ancillary goals are control of symptoms of pain and the restoration of mucosal health. Treatment should be directed at eliminating atrophic, erosive, and ulcerative lesions and potentially lessening the likelihood of malignant transformation. […] At the time of diagnosis of OLP, patients should be counseled about the increased risk of oral cancer and understand the need for periodic examinations even if they are asymptomatic, or if their symptoms are well-controlled.

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