Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting the skin and mucous membranes. This condition typically presents as itchy, violaceous papules and plaques commonly located on the wrists, lower back, and ankles. A distinctive lattice of white lines, known as Wickham striae, often overlays the lesions and is most easily visible on the buccal mucosa, where erosions may also occur. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus tends to be a chronic condition that may or may not remit over time. […] However, recurrences are common, and residual skin hyperpigmentation often persists. […] The natural course of lichen planus varies significantly. Most patients with cutaneous lesions spontaneously clear within 1 to 2 years after initial presentation. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that may or may not remit.

• #2 Lichen Planus

  https://www.baoms.org.uk/patients/conditions/1/lichen_planus

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the lining of the mouth as well as the skin. The cause is not fully understood. It is common and affects up to 2% of the population. Lichen planus is most frequent in middle age and women are affected slightly more frequently than men. Although there is no known cure treatment can be given to make the symptoms better. […] In the mouth lichen planus is usually found on the inside of the cheeks and on the side of the tongue although it can also affect the gums and roof of the mouth. Usually lichen planus has a lace-like pattern of streaky white patches that occasionally can be thickened. Often the patches are symmetrical, ie affect the same site on different sides of the mouth. Sometimes lichen planus may be associated with red patches or sores.

• #3 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

• #4 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] The two main types are: Reticular. This type appears as white patches in the mouth and can look lacy. It’s the most common type of oral lichen planus. It usually has no related symptoms. And it usually doesn’t need treatment or lead to major complications. […] Erosive. This type appears as red, swollen tissues or open sores. It may cause a burning feeling or pain. A healthcare professional should check erosive oral lichen planus regularly because it can lead to mouth cancer. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth.

• #5 Oral lichen planus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350869

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] This white, lacelike patch on the interior surface of the cheek is typical for oral lichen planus. […] Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] Signs differ based on the type of oral lichen planus. For example: […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] Mouth cancer.

• #6 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Approximately 10% of those affected have lichen planus of the nails while half of those affected have oral lichen planus, which is more common in women than in men. […] The mouth is often the only affected area and often involves the inside of the cheeks and the sides of the tongue, but the gums and lips may also be involved. […] The most common patterns are: painless white streaks in a lacy or fern-like pattern (Wickham striae), painful and persistent erosions and ulcers (erosive LP), diffuse redness and peeling of the gums (desquamative gingivitis), localized inflammation of the gums adjacent to amalgam fillings. […] Mucosal lichen planus is more likely to persist for a decade or longer.

• #7 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

• #8 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #9 Oral lichen planus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350869

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] This white, lacelike patch on the interior surface of the cheek is typical for oral lichen planus. […] Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] Signs differ based on the type of oral lichen planus. For example: […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] Mouth cancer.

• #10 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  There are four forms of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophic, bullous, and erosive. […] The reticular form is most common and manifests as bilateral, asymptomatic Wickham striae on the oral mucosa or other parts of the mouth, such as the gingiva, tongue, palate, and lips. […] The atrophic form causes atrophic changes with erythema of the oral mucosa. […] The bullous form manifests as fluid-filled vesicles. […] The erosive form leads to ulcerated, painful, erythematous areas that may contract secondary infection, such as candidiasis. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in men with oral erosive lichen planus lesions. […] Various treatments have been employed to treat symptomatic oral lichen planus, but complete resolution is difficult to achieve. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy.

• #11 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus. […] If topical corticosteroids are ineffective, carbon-dioxide laser evaporation can lead to long-term remission of symptoms, and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in patients with painful oral lichen planus.

• #12 When to See a Dermatologist for Lichen Planus

  https://ostrowonline.usc.edu/when-to-see-a-dermatologist-for-lichen-planus/

  Plaque-like usually asymptomatic, and the common location is the dorsal tongue. […] If you suspect the presence of skin lesions in oral lichen planus are experiencing persistent skin changes, discomfort, or other associated symptoms, or the patient is not responding to the conventional treatment it is crucial to consult with a dermatologist.

• #13 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  There are four forms of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophic, bullous, and erosive. […] The reticular form is most common and manifests as bilateral, asymptomatic Wickham striae on the oral mucosa or other parts of the mouth, such as the gingiva, tongue, palate, and lips. […] The atrophic form causes atrophic changes with erythema of the oral mucosa. […] The bullous form manifests as fluid-filled vesicles. […] The erosive form leads to ulcerated, painful, erythematous areas that may contract secondary infection, such as candidiasis. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in men with oral erosive lichen planus lesions. […] Various treatments have been employed to treat symptomatic oral lichen planus, but complete resolution is difficult to achieve. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy.

• #14 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  There are four forms of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophic, bullous, and erosive. […] The reticular form is most common and manifests as bilateral, asymptomatic Wickham striae on the oral mucosa or other parts of the mouth, such as the gingiva, tongue, palate, and lips. […] The atrophic form causes atrophic changes with erythema of the oral mucosa. […] The bullous form manifests as fluid-filled vesicles. […] The erosive form leads to ulcerated, painful, erythematous areas that may contract secondary infection, such as candidiasis. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in men with oral erosive lichen planus lesions. […] Various treatments have been employed to treat symptomatic oral lichen planus, but complete resolution is difficult to achieve. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy.

• #15 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can cause white lesions to appear in your mouth, often on the insides of your cheeks. […] Oral lichen planus presents symptoms different from other cases of lichen planus. Instead of a rash, people may experience swollen tissues, white patches, and open sores. […] Lesions can appear as either white, lacy, raised patches of tissue that resemble spiderwebs or tender, swollen patches that are bright red. They can also appear as or develop into open sores (ulceration). […] When the lesions are white and lacy, they typically dont present much pain or discomfort. If theyre red and swollen or open sores, you may feel pain or discomfort. Symptoms could include: burning or stinging pain in the affected area, pain or discomfort when speaking, eating, or drinking (If you have open sores, you may experience this pain even without eating or drinking.), increased sensitivity to acidic, spicy, coarsely textured, or hot foods, inflammation of your gums, including bleeding when brushing your teeth.

• #16 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Burning sensation or pain. […] Sensitivity to hot, acidic or spicy foods. […] Bleeding and irritation with toothbrushing. […] Inflammation of the gums, also known as gingivitis. […] Painful, thickened patches on the tongue. […] Pain when speaking, chewing or swallowing. […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] A lot of pain. […] Mouth cancer.

• #17 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus is a long-lasting disease, which can affect the mouth and sometimes other areas of the body. […] When it appears in your mouth it is called 'oral lichen planus’. Oral lichen planus usually happens from middle age onwards, and more women get it than men. […] The most common signs are white patches on the lining of your mouth (usually your cheeks, tongue and gums). These don’t usually hurt, but sometimes there can be redness, ulcers or, very rarely, blistering as well as the white patches. If so, you may find it painful to eat hot or spicy foods. […] Usually, oral lichen planus never goes away. Patients will usually continue to have white patches on the lining of the mouth. Treatment will lessen the pain, although it is not usually possible to tell beforehand when the condition will become painful.

• #18 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://sherwoodparkdental.ca/oral-lichen-planus/

  You may have oral lichen planus. Its a long-lasting disease that affects your mouth. It doesnt go away, but you can keep it under control. […] Symptoms can come on slowly or start all at once. You may start out with dryness or a metallic, burning taste in your mouth. Then you’ll see white patches on your tongue, cheeks, and gums. They can be tiny dots or lines that make a lace-like pattern. You may also have redness and swelling. Sometimes, there’s peeling or blistering. […] These sores can be burning and painful. They’ll likely hurt the most when you eat or drink foods that are spicy, salty, acidic (orange juice, tomatoes), or alcoholic. Crispy treats and drinks with caffeine can also cause problems.

• #19 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a long-lasting disease that affects your mouth, causing symptoms such as painful white patches, redness, and swelling. It can be mild for some and more severe for others. Symptoms can come on slowly or start all at once. Your symptoms may begin with: Dryness, A metallic, burning taste in your mouth. Then you may see: White patches on your tongue, cheeks, and gums, which can appear as tiny dots or lines forming a lace-like pattern, Redness and swelling, Peeling or blistering. These sores may burn and be painful. They’ll likely hurt the most when you eat or drink foods that are spicy, salty, acidic (orange juice, tomatoes), or alcoholic. Crispy treats and drinks with caffeine can also cause problems. Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition that causes white string-like patches inside your mouth, including your tongue, inner lip tissue, gums, and inner cheek area. It can be mild for some, while for others, it can be more severe and may affect areas outside the mouth. No, oral lichen planus isn’t considered dangerous; however, it is a lifelong condition that may come with flare-ups in more severe cases. No, it’s a chronic condition, which means it won’t go away but your symptoms are treatable.

• #20 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Burning sensation or pain. […] Sensitivity to hot, acidic or spicy foods. […] Bleeding and irritation with toothbrushing. […] Inflammation of the gums, also known as gingivitis. […] Painful, thickened patches on the tongue. […] Pain when speaking, chewing or swallowing. […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] A lot of pain. […] Mouth cancer.

• #21 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is a non-infectious, itchy rash that can affect many areas of the body. […] Oral lichen planus is often diagnosed by a dentist during routine dental check-ups. […] The mouth is affected in around 50% of all cases of lichen planus (oral lichen planus). […] Most cases of lichen planus of the skin clear up on their own within 6 to 9 months. The rash rarely lasts longer than 18 months. However, oral lichen planus and lichen planus that affects the genital area may be more persistent. […] The symptoms of oral lichen planus are: a white pattern on the tongue and inner cheeks, red and white patches in the mouth, burning and discomfort in the mouth while eating or drinking, painful red gums. […] Mild cases of oral lichen planus dont usually cause any pain or discomfort. […] In more severe cases, treatment includes: a mouthwash that contains an anaesthetic to temporarily numb the mouth, which makes eating easier, corticosteroid sprays, mouthwashes, pastes and dissolvable lozenges.

• #22 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

• #23 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus has a bilateral distribution that typically affects the buccal mucosa, dorsum and ventral surfaces of the tongue and/or gingiva. Other mucosal surfaces can be affected but palatal involvement is particularly rare. […] Oral lichen planus is often asymptomatic, although when there are areas of erosion or ulceration, the patient may have variable amounts of discomfort, being particularly troublesome when eating spicy or acidic type foods. […] The variable clinical presentations of oral lichen planus comprise white patches, erosions, ulcers and, very rarely, blisters. […] Patients with disease involving the gingiva may have areas of white patches or striae superimposed upon redness of the gums. The latter is often termed desquamative gingivitis and can be extremely painful.

• #24 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Burning sensation or pain. […] Sensitivity to hot, acidic or spicy foods. […] Bleeding and irritation with toothbrushing. […] Inflammation of the gums, also known as gingivitis. […] Painful, thickened patches on the tongue. […] Pain when speaking, chewing or swallowing. […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] A lot of pain. […] Mouth cancer.

• #25 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Burning sensation or pain. […] Sensitivity to hot, acidic or spicy foods. […] Bleeding and irritation with toothbrushing. […] Inflammation of the gums, also known as gingivitis. […] Painful, thickened patches on the tongue. […] Pain when speaking, chewing or swallowing. […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] A lot of pain. […] Mouth cancer.

• #26 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Burning sensation or pain. […] Sensitivity to hot, acidic or spicy foods. […] Bleeding and irritation with toothbrushing. […] Inflammation of the gums, also known as gingivitis. […] Painful, thickened patches on the tongue. […] Pain when speaking, chewing or swallowing. […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] A lot of pain. […] Mouth cancer.

• #27 Lichen Planus – Dr John McHugh

  https://www.drjohnmchugh.com.au/oral-maxillofacial/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus may appear as white, lacy patches; red, swollen tissues; or open sores. These lesions may cause burning, pain or other discomfort. […] The primary signs and symptoms of oral lichen planus are the lesions affecting the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The lesions may appear as: Lacy, white, raised patches of tissues; Red, swollen, tender patches of tissues; Open sores. […] The red, inflamed lesions and open sores of oral lichen planus can cause a burning sensation or pain. […] Other signs or symptoms may include: A metallic taste or a blunted taste sensation if the tongue is affected; Dry mouth; Difficulty swallowing if the throat or esophagus is affected; Sensitivity to hot or spicy foods; Bleeding and irritation with tooth brushing. […] Oral lichen planus is usually an ongoing (chronic) condition. Treatments that suppress the immune system abnormalities may improve more severe lesions and lessen pain.

• #28 What is Lichen Planus? – Orlando | UCF Health

  https://ucfhealth.com/what-is-lichen-planus/

  Upon closer inspection, the bumps may have white flakes or gray streaks (called Wickhams Striae). In most individuals, lichen planus is itchy, but the severity varies. Most commonly, this inflammatory condition happens in the mouth, on the insides of the wrists, ankles, scalp, and arms. When it affects the scalp, hair loss can occur. […] Signs of lichen planus may include: Red bumps on the scalp, Split nails, Lacy white patches on the cheeks and tongue, Painful ulcers in the mouth, Sores on female genitals (often confused with sexually transmitted diseases). […] Symptoms caused by lichen planus may include: Dry mouth, Blistering gums, Loss of taste, Metallic taste, Irritation or pain when eating spicy and acidic food, Pain when having intercourse, Discharge from the penis or lesions on the vagina, Hair loss.

• #29 Lichen planus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen_planus

  Lichen planus affecting mucosal surfaces may have one lesion or be multifocal. […] Oral lichen planus (also termed oral mucosal lichen planus), is a form of mucosal lichen planus, where lichen planus involves the oral mucosa, the lining of the mouth. […] The most common presentation of oral lichen planus (OLP) is characterised by the net-like or spider web-like appearance of lacy white lines, known as Wickham’s striae. This is usually asymptomatic. Reticular OLP may progress to the more severe subtypes, such as the erosive form, if left untreated. […] The second most common form and the most advanced form of oral lichen planus, is characterised by oral ulcers presenting with persistent, irregular areas of redness, ulcerations and erosions covered with a yellow slough. […] Involvement of the dorsum of the tongue might cause an altered sense of taste (dysgeusia).

• #30 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  OLP lesions usually persist for many years, with periods of exacerbation and quiescence. During periods of exacerbation, the area of erythema or erosion increases, with increased pain and sensitivity. During periods of quiescence, the area of erythema or erosion decreases, with decreased pain and sensitivity. […] Exacerbations of OLP have been linked to periods of psychological stress and anxiety. […] The genitals are involved in as many as 25% of women with OLP, compared with only 2-4% of men with OLP. The clinical features are similar to those of oral lesions. […] Patients with OLP may have a slightly increased risk of oral cancer, which they may be able to reduce. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with OLP is a feared complication and a controversial issue. […] The most important risk factors for oral SCC remain the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco products.

• #31 Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480643/

  Oral lichen planus, or OLP, is a common mucocutaneous immunological disease. The objective of this study was to describe the patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. The mean age at onset of the disease was 55 years, and 154 (67 percent) of the patients were female. Symptoms generally correlated directly with the severity of OLP forms, which ranged from reticular to erosive. At last follow-up, 65 percent of the patients had the same type of OLP seen initially or the disease had progressed to a more severe type, while 35 percent of patients had less-severe forms than that seen at the initial visit. OLP is a chronic disease with no known cure. Symptoms can improve with corticosteroids; however, the lack of long-term (that is, lifetime) treatment compliance and the adverse side effects of the drugs limit optimal results. […] Patients with OLP should be treated if symptoms are significant. Follow-up–including supervision of medication use and monitoring of side effects, as well as periodic examinations for possible malignant transformation–is necessary.

• #32 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is a non-infectious, itchy rash that can affect many areas of the body. […] Oral lichen planus is often diagnosed by a dentist during routine dental check-ups. […] The mouth is affected in around 50% of all cases of lichen planus (oral lichen planus). […] Most cases of lichen planus of the skin clear up on their own within 6 to 9 months. The rash rarely lasts longer than 18 months. However, oral lichen planus and lichen planus that affects the genital area may be more persistent. […] The symptoms of oral lichen planus are: a white pattern on the tongue and inner cheeks, red and white patches in the mouth, burning and discomfort in the mouth while eating or drinking, painful red gums. […] Mild cases of oral lichen planus dont usually cause any pain or discomfort. […] In more severe cases, treatment includes: a mouthwash that contains an anaesthetic to temporarily numb the mouth, which makes eating easier, corticosteroid sprays, mouthwashes, pastes and dissolvable lozenges.

• #33 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting the skin and mucous membranes. This condition typically presents as itchy, violaceous papules and plaques commonly located on the wrists, lower back, and ankles. A distinctive lattice of white lines, known as Wickham striae, often overlays the lesions and is most easily visible on the buccal mucosa, where erosions may also occur. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus tends to be a chronic condition that may or may not remit over time. […] However, recurrences are common, and residual skin hyperpigmentation often persists. […] The natural course of lichen planus varies significantly. Most patients with cutaneous lesions spontaneously clear within 1 to 2 years after initial presentation. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that may or may not remit.

• #34 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  OLP lesions usually persist for many years, with periods of exacerbation and quiescence. During periods of exacerbation, the area of erythema or erosion increases, with increased pain and sensitivity. During periods of quiescence, the area of erythema or erosion decreases, with decreased pain and sensitivity. […] Exacerbations of OLP have been linked to periods of psychological stress and anxiety. […] The genitals are involved in as many as 25% of women with OLP, compared with only 2-4% of men with OLP. The clinical features are similar to those of oral lesions. […] Patients with OLP may have a slightly increased risk of oral cancer, which they may be able to reduce. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with OLP is a feared complication and a controversial issue. […] The most important risk factors for oral SCC remain the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco products.

• #35

  https://www.ndcs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus mostly occurs in adults above 50 years old. In about 50% of the cases, only the mouth is involved. This condition is called oral lichen planus. […] In some cases, the disease may be completely symptom-free and is only discovered by the dental surgeon during a routine dental check-up. In other cases, symptoms may range from a burning or stinging sensation to bothersome pain. Symptoms are often aggravated when taking spicy food. The red and ulcerated forms of oral lichen planus are more likely to cause symptoms. […] The duration and severity of the disease is not predictable. Some patients have it for many years, while for others, the disease may disappear after several months and it may or may not recur.

• #36 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  The clinical history of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions varies. Complete history taking and physical examination by an oral medicine practitioner or a dermatologist may be required in patients with extraoral symptoms or signs associated with OLP. […] In many patients, the onset of OLP is insidious, and patients are unaware of their oral condition. In such instances, the referring medical or dental practitioner identifies the clinical changes in the oral mucosa. […] Some patients report a roughness of the lining of the mouth, a sensitivity of the oral mucosa to hot or spicy foods or oral hygiene products, painful oral mucosa, sore gums, red or white patches on the oral mucosa, red gums, or oral ulcerations. […] Approximately two thirds of patients with OLP report oral discomfort, especially in association with atrophic and erosive lesions. Erythematous and erosive lesions are often sensitive or painful. Symptoms range from mucosal sensitivity to continuous debilitating pain.

• #37 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  OLP lesions usually persist for many years, with periods of exacerbation and quiescence. During periods of exacerbation, the area of erythema or erosion increases, with increased pain and sensitivity. During periods of quiescence, the area of erythema or erosion decreases, with decreased pain and sensitivity. […] Exacerbations of OLP have been linked to periods of psychological stress and anxiety. […] The genitals are involved in as many as 25% of women with OLP, compared with only 2-4% of men with OLP. The clinical features are similar to those of oral lesions. […] Patients with OLP may have a slightly increased risk of oral cancer, which they may be able to reduce. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with OLP is a feared complication and a controversial issue. […] The most important risk factors for oral SCC remain the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco products.

• #38 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  OLP lesions usually persist for many years, with periods of exacerbation and quiescence. During periods of exacerbation, the area of erythema or erosion increases, with increased pain and sensitivity. During periods of quiescence, the area of erythema or erosion decreases, with decreased pain and sensitivity. […] Exacerbations of OLP have been linked to periods of psychological stress and anxiety. […] The genitals are involved in as many as 25% of women with OLP, compared with only 2-4% of men with OLP. The clinical features are similar to those of oral lesions. […] Patients with OLP may have a slightly increased risk of oral cancer, which they may be able to reduce. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with OLP is a feared complication and a controversial issue. […] The most important risk factors for oral SCC remain the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco products.

• #39 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  OLP lesions usually persist for many years, with periods of exacerbation and quiescence. During periods of exacerbation, the area of erythema or erosion increases, with increased pain and sensitivity. During periods of quiescence, the area of erythema or erosion decreases, with decreased pain and sensitivity. […] Exacerbations of OLP have been linked to periods of psychological stress and anxiety. […] The genitals are involved in as many as 25% of women with OLP, compared with only 2-4% of men with OLP. The clinical features are similar to those of oral lesions. […] Patients with OLP may have a slightly increased risk of oral cancer, which they may be able to reduce. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with OLP is a feared complication and a controversial issue. […] The most important risk factors for oral SCC remain the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco products.

• #40 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  OLP lesions usually persist for many years, with periods of exacerbation and quiescence. During periods of exacerbation, the area of erythema or erosion increases, with increased pain and sensitivity. During periods of quiescence, the area of erythema or erosion decreases, with decreased pain and sensitivity. […] Exacerbations of OLP have been linked to periods of psychological stress and anxiety. […] The genitals are involved in as many as 25% of women with OLP, compared with only 2-4% of men with OLP. The clinical features are similar to those of oral lesions. […] Patients with OLP may have a slightly increased risk of oral cancer, which they may be able to reduce. […] Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with OLP is a feared complication and a controversial issue. […] The most important risk factors for oral SCC remain the concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco products.

• #41 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: […] Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress.

• #42 Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480643/

  Oral lichen planus, or OLP, is a common mucocutaneous immunological disease. The objective of this study was to describe the patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. The mean age at onset of the disease was 55 years, and 154 (67 percent) of the patients were female. Symptoms generally correlated directly with the severity of OLP forms, which ranged from reticular to erosive. At last follow-up, 65 percent of the patients had the same type of OLP seen initially or the disease had progressed to a more severe type, while 35 percent of patients had less-severe forms than that seen at the initial visit. OLP is a chronic disease with no known cure. Symptoms can improve with corticosteroids; however, the lack of long-term (that is, lifetime) treatment compliance and the adverse side effects of the drugs limit optimal results. […] Patients with OLP should be treated if symptoms are significant. Follow-up–including supervision of medication use and monitoring of side effects, as well as periodic examinations for possible malignant transformation–is necessary.

• #43 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Treatment-induced remission is typically followed by relapse. […] Oral lichen planus may spontaneously resolve within 5 years, but many cases are chronic and do not resolve. […] The goal of treating symptomatic oral lichen planus is to heal erosive lesions, reduce pain, and allow normal food intake. […] Patients should be instructed to avoid spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, and tobacco, as these exacerbate symptoms.

• #44 Lichen Planus: Symptoms and Treatment | The Skin Surgery Center

  https://www.skinsurgerycenter.net/conditions/lichen-planus

  Glossy, firm, reddish-purple bumps with delicate white lines. […] The quantity of these distinctive eruptions can vary from a few to numerous, commonly appearing on areas like wrists, lower back, and ankles. […] If lichen planus affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth, practicing good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups can help manage symptoms. […] Stress may exacerbate lichen planus symptoms, but it’s not a direct cause. […] Lichen planus is a chronic condition, and while there is no cure, various treatments can help manage symptoms. […] Various treatment options may be recommended, including: Antihistamines: These can be prescribed to alleviate itching and discomfort associated with lichen planus. […] Topical Corticosteroids: Creams or ointments containing corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and manage skin lesions.

• #45 Lichen Planus: What It Is, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17723-lichen-planus

  Stress can also make skin disease worse. […] If you have oral lichen planus, its a good idea to avoid spicy or acidic foods or drinks that may cause further irritation, including: […] Lichen planus can be managed without treatment. But most cases will require treatment. If you have lichen planus on your skin, it may take a few months or a few years to go away. If you have oral lichen planus, it may take up to five years to go away.

• #46 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment – Harley Street Maxillofacial Clinic

  https://harleystreetmaxillofacialclinic.com/oral-conditions/lichen-planus-treatment/

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside your mouth. It can cause white, lacy patches, red, swollen areas, or sores to appear on the inside of your cheeks, gums, or tongue. […] Certain medications or dental care can trigger the condition, and it is common for sufferers to experience sensitivity to spicy or acidic foods. A burning sensation may also occur without any obvious cause. […] Other symptoms include inflamed or bleeding gums, a thick feeling on the tongue, and difficulty speaking or eating, which can significantly disrupt daily life. […] The symptoms can lead to stress, depression, dietary deficiencies, weight loss, and an increased risk of oral cancer. […] In some cases, medication, mouth injury, other infections, an allergic reaction to dental materials, or even stress can trigger the condition. Its important to note that stress can both contribute to and exacerbate symptoms.

• #47 Lichen Planus – Dr John McHugh

  https://www.drjohnmchugh.com.au/oral-maxillofacial/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus may appear as white, lacy patches; red, swollen tissues; or open sores. These lesions may cause burning, pain or other discomfort. […] The primary signs and symptoms of oral lichen planus are the lesions affecting the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The lesions may appear as: Lacy, white, raised patches of tissues; Red, swollen, tender patches of tissues; Open sores. […] The red, inflamed lesions and open sores of oral lichen planus can cause a burning sensation or pain. […] Other signs or symptoms may include: A metallic taste or a blunted taste sensation if the tongue is affected; Dry mouth; Difficulty swallowing if the throat or esophagus is affected; Sensitivity to hot or spicy foods; Bleeding and irritation with tooth brushing. […] Oral lichen planus is usually an ongoing (chronic) condition. Treatments that suppress the immune system abnormalities may improve more severe lesions and lessen pain.

• #48 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. […] Change your diet. […] Avoid irritants. […] Learn to manage stress. […] See your dentist or other healthcare professional regularly.

• #49 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Treatment-induced remission is typically followed by relapse. […] Oral lichen planus may spontaneously resolve within 5 years, but many cases are chronic and do not resolve. […] The goal of treating symptomatic oral lichen planus is to heal erosive lesions, reduce pain, and allow normal food intake. […] Patients should be instructed to avoid spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, and tobacco, as these exacerbate symptoms.

• #50 Lichen Planus – Dermatology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/dermatology/conditions-treated/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus is a common disease that causes inflammation (swelling and irritation) on your skin or inside your mouth. On your skin, lichen planus causes a rash that is usually itchy. Inside your mouth, it may cause burning or soreness. […] Symptoms of lichen planus depend on the part of your body affected. Common symptoms include: […] Lichen planus inside your mouth looks like lacy patches of tiny white dots. These patches may occur on the inside of your cheeks or on your tongue. They may not cause any other symptoms; in severe cases, redness and sores develop. […] For oral lichen planus, stop smoking, avoid alcohol, maintain good oral hygiene and avoid any foods that seem to irritate your mouth. […] If you have symptoms, such as severe itching or sores in your mouth or genital area, treatment can help.

• #51 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #52 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can affect any or all areas inside the mouth. It can be precipitated by psychosocial stress or by local mechanical trauma. […] Oral lichen planus may present in the following forms, and is often of mixed types. […] Atrophic/erosive lichen planus may cause erosions (superficial ulceration) and can be very painful. […] Oral lichen planus can be very painful and ulceration may lead to scarring. Sometimes eating is so uncomfortable that the affected person is unable to maintain adequate nutrition. […] The prognosis for oral lichen planus is uncertain. It can clear up within a few months or persist (with or without treatment) for decades. There are often periods of remission and relapse.

• #53 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment – Harley Street Maxillofacial Clinic

  https://harleystreetmaxillofacialclinic.com/oral-conditions/lichen-planus-treatment/

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside your mouth. It can cause white, lacy patches, red, swollen areas, or sores to appear on the inside of your cheeks, gums, or tongue. […] Certain medications or dental care can trigger the condition, and it is common for sufferers to experience sensitivity to spicy or acidic foods. A burning sensation may also occur without any obvious cause. […] Other symptoms include inflamed or bleeding gums, a thick feeling on the tongue, and difficulty speaking or eating, which can significantly disrupt daily life. […] The symptoms can lead to stress, depression, dietary deficiencies, weight loss, and an increased risk of oral cancer. […] In some cases, medication, mouth injury, other infections, an allergic reaction to dental materials, or even stress can trigger the condition. Its important to note that stress can both contribute to and exacerbate symptoms.

• #54 Oral lichen planus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350869

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] This white, lacelike patch on the interior surface of the cheek is typical for oral lichen planus. […] Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] Signs differ based on the type of oral lichen planus. For example: […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] Mouth cancer.

• #55 Oral lichen planus | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/oral-lichen-planus?content_id=CON-20155290

  This ongoing inflammatory condition results in white, lacy patches or red, swollen tissues or open sores inside your mouth that may cause burning or pain. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: Burning sensation or pain. […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: A lot of pain. […] Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] Because there is no cure, treatment focuses on healing and easing pain or other symptoms that bother you.

• #56 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/lichen-planus

  There may be some connection between oral lichen planus and cancer of the mouth. Around 1 to 3 percent of patients who have had lichen planus for a long time may go on to develop mouth cancer. The exact connection between oral lichen planus and cancer is not certain. Only a very few patients with oral lichen planus ever develop cancer.

• #57 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  In more severe cases of oral lichen planus, corticosteroid tablets may also be used on a short-term basis. […] Erosive lichen planus is a long-lasting (chronic) form of lichen planus that causes painful ulcers to develop, as well as burning and discomfort in the genital areas of both male and females. […] Occasionally, in around 2% of cases, long-term cases of erosive lichen planus can develop into certain types of cancer, such as mouth cancer, vulval cancer, penile cancer.

• #58 Lichen Planus &nbsp|&nbsp American Skin Association

  https://www.americanskin.org/resource/lichen.php

  Lichen planus of the mouth looks like lacy white patches on the inside of the cheeks or on the tongue. Oral lesions do not usually cause symptoms, though severe outbreaks may cause painful sores and ulcers that make it hard to eat and drink. […] Oral lesions tend to last longer than those of the skin. Furthermore, even after going away completely, lichen planus may recur. […] When oral mucosa is affected by lichen planus, there is a slightly increased risk of developing oral cancer. If oral lichen planus is present, you should avoid the use of alcohol and tobacco products, which also increase the risk. Regular visits to the dermatologist or dentist at least twice a year for an oral cancer screening is recommended.

• #59 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can cause significant pain when eating or drinking. Avoiding eating or drinking may lead to weight loss or nutritional deficiency. […] Erosive and ulcerated lesions from oral lichen planus may cause scarring on the affected areas. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition. The symptoms can be managed, but the condition itself cant be cured.

• #60 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  Effects such as difficulty eating certain foods, which can lead to weight loss or malnutrition in severe cases, have been reported. […] Furthermore, speech problems that may result from dry mouth have also been reported. […] Additionally, the presence of an ulcerative lesion can restrict the performance of daily oral hygiene activities. […] In terms of sleep disturbances, patients with oral lichen planus have more sleep disorders compared to healthy individuals. […] Some studies have shown that patients with oral lichen planus experience higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to healthy individuals. […] The impact of oral lichen planus on the quality of life is presented in Table 2. About 82% (46 individuals) of patients stated that oral lichen planus have affected their quality of life.

• #61 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  Effects such as difficulty eating certain foods, which can lead to weight loss or malnutrition in severe cases, have been reported. […] Furthermore, speech problems that may result from dry mouth have also been reported. […] Additionally, the presence of an ulcerative lesion can restrict the performance of daily oral hygiene activities. […] In terms of sleep disturbances, patients with oral lichen planus have more sleep disorders compared to healthy individuals. […] Some studies have shown that patients with oral lichen planus experience higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to healthy individuals. […] The impact of oral lichen planus on the quality of life is presented in Table 2. About 82% (46 individuals) of patients stated that oral lichen planus have affected their quality of life.

• #62 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can cause significant pain when eating or drinking. Avoiding eating or drinking may lead to weight loss or nutritional deficiency. […] Erosive and ulcerated lesions from oral lichen planus may cause scarring on the affected areas. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition. The symptoms can be managed, but the condition itself cant be cured.

• #63 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #64 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. Because there is no cure, treatment focuses on healing and easing pain or other symptoms that bother you. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. This is known as a secondary infection. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #65 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  Effects such as difficulty eating certain foods, which can lead to weight loss or malnutrition in severe cases, have been reported. […] Furthermore, speech problems that may result from dry mouth have also been reported. […] Additionally, the presence of an ulcerative lesion can restrict the performance of daily oral hygiene activities. […] In terms of sleep disturbances, patients with oral lichen planus have more sleep disorders compared to healthy individuals. […] Some studies have shown that patients with oral lichen planus experience higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to healthy individuals. […] The impact of oral lichen planus on the quality of life is presented in Table 2. About 82% (46 individuals) of patients stated that oral lichen planus have affected their quality of life.

• #66 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  Effects such as difficulty eating certain foods, which can lead to weight loss or malnutrition in severe cases, have been reported. […] Furthermore, speech problems that may result from dry mouth have also been reported. […] Additionally, the presence of an ulcerative lesion can restrict the performance of daily oral hygiene activities. […] In terms of sleep disturbances, patients with oral lichen planus have more sleep disorders compared to healthy individuals. […] Some studies have shown that patients with oral lichen planus experience higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to healthy individuals. […] The impact of oral lichen planus on the quality of life is presented in Table 2. About 82% (46 individuals) of patients stated that oral lichen planus have affected their quality of life.

• #67 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic and relatively common mucocutaneous disease that often affects the oral mucosa. […] Nearly all patients (50 individuals, 89.3%) reported having pain, although the average pain intensity was mostly mild. This disease has affected the quality of life in 82% of the patients (46 individuals). […] It appears that certain aspects of oral health-related quality of life decrease in patients with OLP, and that of the OLP patient group is significantly lower in terms of functional limitations and physical disability compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between clinical symptoms of OLP and pain as well as OHIP scores. […] The common clinical signs and symptoms of oral LP range from a burning sensation to severe chronic pain.

• #68 What is Lichen Planus? – Orlando | UCF Health

  https://ucfhealth.com/what-is-lichen-planus/

  Esophageal Stenosis. As lesions take over the throat growing on the esophagus and windpipe severe dysphagia may occur. This makes it difficult and painful to talk, sing, yell, and swallow. Weight loss, malnutrition, pneumonia, muscle loss, and malaise due to depression may occur. […] Psychological effects. No which part of the body that lichen planus affects, patients experiencing this inflammatory condition may have severe psychological complications. Oral, genital, and scalp can wreak havoc on ones confidence, physical well-being, ability to interact, to date, to eat, to partake in all of the things that make life so beautiful.

• #69 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  Effects such as difficulty eating certain foods, which can lead to weight loss or malnutrition in severe cases, have been reported. […] Furthermore, speech problems that may result from dry mouth have also been reported. […] Additionally, the presence of an ulcerative lesion can restrict the performance of daily oral hygiene activities. […] In terms of sleep disturbances, patients with oral lichen planus have more sleep disorders compared to healthy individuals. […] Some studies have shown that patients with oral lichen planus experience higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to healthy individuals. […] The impact of oral lichen planus on the quality of life is presented in Table 2. About 82% (46 individuals) of patients stated that oral lichen planus have affected their quality of life.

• #70 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  The study showed that oral lichen planus in the palate significantly affected the OHIP-14 score, leading to a significant increase in the score. Patients with ulcerative, erosive, and bullous types of oral lichen planus reported remarkably higher pain levels compared to other types. […] The increase in pain and irritation in the oral mucosa of patients with oral lichen planus can be a reason for the effect on the functional and physical aspects of the patients’ quality of life.

• #71 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  The study showed that oral lichen planus in the palate significantly affected the OHIP-14 score, leading to a significant increase in the score. Patients with ulcerative, erosive, and bullous types of oral lichen planus reported remarkably higher pain levels compared to other types. […] The increase in pain and irritation in the oral mucosa of patients with oral lichen planus can be a reason for the effect on the functional and physical aspects of the patients’ quality of life.

• #72 What is Lichen Planus? – Orlando | UCF Health

  https://ucfhealth.com/what-is-lichen-planus/

  Esophageal Stenosis. As lesions take over the throat growing on the esophagus and windpipe severe dysphagia may occur. This makes it difficult and painful to talk, sing, yell, and swallow. Weight loss, malnutrition, pneumonia, muscle loss, and malaise due to depression may occur. […] Psychological effects. No which part of the body that lichen planus affects, patients experiencing this inflammatory condition may have severe psychological complications. Oral, genital, and scalp can wreak havoc on ones confidence, physical well-being, ability to interact, to date, to eat, to partake in all of the things that make life so beautiful.

• #73 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

• #74 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #75 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #76 Oral Lichen Planus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.northraleighperio.com/blog-news/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the mucous membranes in the mouth. […] Lichen planus, named for the appearance of white moss or lichen that grows on rocks, most commonly appears as white, raised lacy patches of tissue; red, inflamed, and swollen patches of tissue; or open sores that appear on the tongue or cheeks. […] Although lichen planus can be painful, sometimes there is little to no discomfort. […] The goal of treatment is to convert painful, ulcerative oral lichen planus into reticular lichen planus and, ideally, eliminate the discomfort that may accompany the disease. […] Although lichen planus itself is not harmful, it places the sufferer at risk for other, more serious conditions such as weight loss, malnutrition, and higher-than-average risks of oral cancer.

• #77 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #78 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. Because there is no cure, treatment focuses on healing and easing pain or other symptoms that bother you. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. This is known as a secondary infection. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #79 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #80 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #81 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is a non-infectious, itchy rash that can affect many areas of the body. […] Oral lichen planus is often diagnosed by a dentist during routine dental check-ups. […] The mouth is affected in around 50% of all cases of lichen planus (oral lichen planus). […] Most cases of lichen planus of the skin clear up on their own within 6 to 9 months. The rash rarely lasts longer than 18 months. However, oral lichen planus and lichen planus that affects the genital area may be more persistent. […] The symptoms of oral lichen planus are: a white pattern on the tongue and inner cheeks, red and white patches in the mouth, burning and discomfort in the mouth while eating or drinking, painful red gums. […] Mild cases of oral lichen planus dont usually cause any pain or discomfort. […] In more severe cases, treatment includes: a mouthwash that contains an anaesthetic to temporarily numb the mouth, which makes eating easier, corticosteroid sprays, mouthwashes, pastes and dissolvable lozenges.

• #82 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. Because there is no cure, treatment focuses on healing and easing pain or other symptoms that bother you. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. This is known as a secondary infection. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #83 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus. […] If topical corticosteroids are ineffective, carbon-dioxide laser evaporation can lead to long-term remission of symptoms, and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in patients with painful oral lichen planus.

• #84 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. Because there is no cure, treatment focuses on healing and easing pain or other symptoms that bother you. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. This is known as a secondary infection. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #85 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus. […] If topical corticosteroids are ineffective, carbon-dioxide laser evaporation can lead to long-term remission of symptoms, and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in patients with painful oral lichen planus.

• #86 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  High-potency topical steroids are the most effective, with response rates up to 75 percent compared with placebo. […] Topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (Elidel), are second-line therapies for oral lichen planus. […] If topical corticosteroids are ineffective, carbon-dioxide laser evaporation can lead to long-term remission of symptoms, and may be appropriate as first-line therapy in patients with painful oral lichen planus.

• #87 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

• #88 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #89 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. […] Change your diet. […] Avoid irritants. […] Learn to manage stress. […] See your dentist or other healthcare professional regularly.

• #90 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. Doing so can ease your symptoms and help prevent infection. Floss daily and gently brush your teeth at least twice a day using a mild toothpaste without much, if any, added flavor. Change your diet. Cut out spicy, salty or acidic foods if they seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse. Choose foods that are soft to help limit pain. And use less caffeine or stop using it. Avoid irritants. Don’t use alcohol or tobacco. Also stop habits that can injure the inside of your mouth, such as chewing on your lip or cheek. Learn to manage stress. Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress. […] Because long-term treatment for oral lichen planus is often needed, talk with your healthcare professional about how often you should be seen to track how your treatment is working and to get cancer screening.

• #91 Lichen Planus: What It Is, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17723-lichen-planus

  About half of all people who have lichen planus develop oral lichen planus, which affects the skin inside of your mouth and your tongue. […] Oral lichen planus typically starts as tiny white dots on the skin inside of your cheeks or your tongue. In severe cases, the surrounding skin may become inflamed, and sores may develop. […] Lichen planus symptoms depend on where its affecting your body: […] Tiny white dots may develop on the skin inside of your cheeks, your tongue or your lips. […] If you have lichen planus in your mouth, in most cases, it goes away within five years. […] If you experience irritation or sores, you can help alleviate your symptoms by: […] Practicing good oral hygiene. Regularly brush and floss your teeth, and get your teeth professionally cleaned by your dentist at least twice a year.

• #92 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. Doing so can ease your symptoms and help prevent infection. Floss daily and gently brush your teeth at least twice a day using a mild toothpaste without much, if any, added flavor. Change your diet. Cut out spicy, salty or acidic foods if they seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse. Choose foods that are soft to help limit pain. And use less caffeine or stop using it. Avoid irritants. Don’t use alcohol or tobacco. Also stop habits that can injure the inside of your mouth, such as chewing on your lip or cheek. Learn to manage stress. Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress. […] Because long-term treatment for oral lichen planus is often needed, talk with your healthcare professional about how often you should be seen to track how your treatment is working and to get cancer screening.

• #93 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. Doing so can ease your symptoms and help prevent infection. Floss daily and gently brush your teeth at least twice a day using a mild toothpaste without much, if any, added flavor. Change your diet. Cut out spicy, salty or acidic foods if they seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse. Choose foods that are soft to help limit pain. And use less caffeine or stop using it. Avoid irritants. Don’t use alcohol or tobacco. Also stop habits that can injure the inside of your mouth, such as chewing on your lip or cheek. Learn to manage stress. Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress. […] Because long-term treatment for oral lichen planus is often needed, talk with your healthcare professional about how often you should be seen to track how your treatment is working and to get cancer screening.

• #94 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. Doing so can ease your symptoms and help prevent infection. Floss daily and gently brush your teeth at least twice a day using a mild toothpaste without much, if any, added flavor. Change your diet. Cut out spicy, salty or acidic foods if they seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse. Choose foods that are soft to help limit pain. And use less caffeine or stop using it. Avoid irritants. Don’t use alcohol or tobacco. Also stop habits that can injure the inside of your mouth, such as chewing on your lip or cheek. Learn to manage stress. Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress. […] Because long-term treatment for oral lichen planus is often needed, talk with your healthcare professional about how often you should be seen to track how your treatment is working and to get cancer screening.

• #95 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. Doing so can ease your symptoms and help prevent infection. Floss daily and gently brush your teeth at least twice a day using a mild toothpaste without much, if any, added flavor. Change your diet. Cut out spicy, salty or acidic foods if they seem to cause your symptoms or make them worse. Choose foods that are soft to help limit pain. And use less caffeine or stop using it. Avoid irritants. Don’t use alcohol or tobacco. Also stop habits that can injure the inside of your mouth, such as chewing on your lip or cheek. Learn to manage stress. Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress. […] Because long-term treatment for oral lichen planus is often needed, talk with your healthcare professional about how often you should be seen to track how your treatment is working and to get cancer screening.

• #96 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: […] Because stress may complicate symptoms or cause symptoms to come back, you may need to build skills to avoid or manage stress.

• #97 Oral lichen planus – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350874

  In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time: Keep your mouth clean. […] Change your diet. […] Avoid irritants. […] Learn to manage stress. […] See your dentist or other healthcare professional regularly.

• #98 Lichen Planus &nbsp|&nbsp American Skin Association

  https://www.americanskin.org/resource/lichen.php

  Lichen planus of the mouth looks like lacy white patches on the inside of the cheeks or on the tongue. Oral lesions do not usually cause symptoms, though severe outbreaks may cause painful sores and ulcers that make it hard to eat and drink. […] Oral lesions tend to last longer than those of the skin. Furthermore, even after going away completely, lichen planus may recur. […] When oral mucosa is affected by lichen planus, there is a slightly increased risk of developing oral cancer. If oral lichen planus is present, you should avoid the use of alcohol and tobacco products, which also increase the risk. Regular visits to the dermatologist or dentist at least twice a year for an oral cancer screening is recommended.

• #99 Lichen Planus &nbsp|&nbsp American Skin Association

  https://www.americanskin.org/resource/lichen.php

  Lichen planus of the mouth looks like lacy white patches on the inside of the cheeks or on the tongue. Oral lesions do not usually cause symptoms, though severe outbreaks may cause painful sores and ulcers that make it hard to eat and drink. […] Oral lesions tend to last longer than those of the skin. Furthermore, even after going away completely, lichen planus may recur. […] When oral mucosa is affected by lichen planus, there is a slightly increased risk of developing oral cancer. If oral lichen planus is present, you should avoid the use of alcohol and tobacco products, which also increase the risk. Regular visits to the dermatologist or dentist at least twice a year for an oral cancer screening is recommended.

• #100 Lichen Planus

  https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Wellness/Weight/134,220

  Symptoms of lichen planus depend on the part or parts of your body affected. Common symptoms include: […] Inside the mouth, lichen planus looks like lacy patches of tiny white dots. […] People with oral lichen planus should have dental exams twice a year.

• #101 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus persists for many years, resolving rarely. The principle aim of treatment is to heal areas of painful erosion, ulceration or blistering. […] Long-standing oral lichen planus rarely gives rise to any notable complications, however, there is some concern that lichen planus of the mouth may have some malignant potential. […] It is presently suggested that 1-3% of patients with long-standing oral lichen planus may develop a squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. […] In view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus, it is recommended that all patients are regularly reviewed by a health care provider for changes suggestive of potential malignancy of the oral cavity.

• #102 Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480643/

  Oral lichen planus, or OLP, is a common mucocutaneous immunological disease. The objective of this study was to describe the patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. The mean age at onset of the disease was 55 years, and 154 (67 percent) of the patients were female. Symptoms generally correlated directly with the severity of OLP forms, which ranged from reticular to erosive. At last follow-up, 65 percent of the patients had the same type of OLP seen initially or the disease had progressed to a more severe type, while 35 percent of patients had less-severe forms than that seen at the initial visit. OLP is a chronic disease with no known cure. Symptoms can improve with corticosteroids; however, the lack of long-term (that is, lifetime) treatment compliance and the adverse side effects of the drugs limit optimal results. […] Patients with OLP should be treated if symptoms are significant. Follow-up–including supervision of medication use and monitoring of side effects, as well as periodic examinations for possible malignant transformation–is necessary.

• #103 Oral Lichen Planus – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus is a disease of chronic inflammation in the mouth. It affects one to two percent of adults, usually after the age of 40. […] Patients experience patches, ulcers, or blisters inside their mouths which can vary from painless to painful and can persist for years between flareups. In almost all cases, the lining of the mouth shows lacy white patterns upon close examination. […] If you have oral lichen planus, you may see: Networks of fine white lines on your inner cheeks, tongue, or gums; Painful white patches, ulcers, or blisters on your inner cheeks, tongue, or gums; Redness surrounding these lesions inside your mouth; Lesions that persist for years, becoming more painful when you’re anxious or stressed. […] The ultimate cause of oral lichen planus is unknown. It appears to be an autoimmune disease in which T-cells trigger destruction in the cells that line the mouth. […] To reduce your risk of developing oral cancer, do not smoke, do not chew betel, and moderate your consumption of alcohol. See your ENT specialist again if your oral lesions start to change or look different.

• #104 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

• #105 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment – Harley Street Maxillofacial Clinic

  https://harleystreetmaxillofacialclinic.com/oral-conditions/lichen-planus-treatment/

  If no clear cause can be found, topical corticosteroids are often effective. In more serious cases, a course of systemic corticosteroids may be considered. […] While there may not always be a complete cure for oral lichen planus, many patients experience significant improvement, and in some cases, the condition can be resolved. For others, the symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. […] This allows for early intervention to alleviate flare-ups and reduces the risk of complications, such as mouth cancer developing in affected areas.

• #106 Oral lichen planus

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can affect any or all areas inside the mouth. It can be precipitated by psychosocial stress or by local mechanical trauma. […] Oral lichen planus may present in the following forms, and is often of mixed types. […] Atrophic/erosive lichen planus may cause erosions (superficial ulceration) and can be very painful. […] Oral lichen planus can be very painful and ulceration may lead to scarring. Sometimes eating is so uncomfortable that the affected person is unable to maintain adequate nutrition. […] The prognosis for oral lichen planus is uncertain. It can clear up within a few months or persist (with or without treatment) for decades. There are often periods of remission and relapse.

• #107

  https://www.ndcs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus mostly occurs in adults above 50 years old. In about 50% of the cases, only the mouth is involved. This condition is called oral lichen planus. […] In some cases, the disease may be completely symptom-free and is only discovered by the dental surgeon during a routine dental check-up. In other cases, symptoms may range from a burning or stinging sensation to bothersome pain. Symptoms are often aggravated when taking spicy food. The red and ulcerated forms of oral lichen planus are more likely to cause symptoms. […] The duration and severity of the disease is not predictable. Some patients have it for many years, while for others, the disease may disappear after several months and it may or may not recur.

• #108 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting the skin and mucous membranes. This condition typically presents as itchy, violaceous papules and plaques commonly located on the wrists, lower back, and ankles. A distinctive lattice of white lines, known as Wickham striae, often overlays the lesions and is most easily visible on the buccal mucosa, where erosions may also occur. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus tends to be a chronic condition that may or may not remit over time. […] However, recurrences are common, and residual skin hyperpigmentation often persists. […] The natural course of lichen planus varies significantly. Most patients with cutaneous lesions spontaneously clear within 1 to 2 years after initial presentation. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that may or may not remit.

• #109 Oral lichen planus – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/oral-lichen-planus/

  Typically, oral lichen planus appears as white, lace-like patterned patches on the tongue and inner surfaces of the cheeks. The area around the patches may also be bright red and swollen. However, it can appear as white and red patches or as areas of sores (ulceration) on the lining of the mouth. When the gums are affected by oral lichen planus, it is called desquamative gingivitis. The gums will look red and shiny. […] In most cases oral lichen planus cannot be cured, but it may go away on its own. It tends to last longer than lichen planus that affects the skin on other parts of the body. It may persist for a number of years. However, there are treatments to manage and reduce the severity of symptoms. […] In most people, oral lichen planus is not serious. However, an important, although uncommon, feature of oral lichen planus is a tendency to cancerous change, with about a 1% risk over a period of 10 years. In other words, one in a hundred people develop cancer in the mouth.

• #110 Lichen Planus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123213-overview

  Lesions initially developing on flexural surfaces of the limbs, with a generalized eruption developing after a week or more and maximal spreading within 2-16 weeks. […] Oral lesions that may be asymptomatic, burning, or even painful. […] Chronic disease is more likely with oral LP or with large, annular, hypertrophic lesions and mucous membrane involvement. […] LP is a self-limited disease that usually resolves over several months but can sometimes take years to do so. […] It recurs in about 20% of patients, and it may linger for years, particularly oral LP. […] In LP, atrophy and scarring are seen in hypertrophic lesions and in lesions on the scalp. […] Cutaneous LP does not carry a risk of skin cancer, but ulcerative lesions in the mouth, particularly in men, do occasionally exhibit malignant transformation; however, the rate of malignant transformation for oral LP is low (2% in one report).

• #111 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Treatment-induced remission is typically followed by relapse. […] Oral lichen planus may spontaneously resolve within 5 years, but many cases are chronic and do not resolve. […] The goal of treating symptomatic oral lichen planus is to heal erosive lesions, reduce pain, and allow normal food intake. […] Patients should be instructed to avoid spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, and tobacco, as these exacerbate symptoms.

• #112 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting the skin and mucous membranes. This condition typically presents as itchy, violaceous papules and plaques commonly located on the wrists, lower back, and ankles. A distinctive lattice of white lines, known as Wickham striae, often overlays the lesions and is most easily visible on the buccal mucosa, where erosions may also occur. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus tends to be a chronic condition that may or may not remit over time. […] However, recurrences are common, and residual skin hyperpigmentation often persists. […] The natural course of lichen planus varies significantly. Most patients with cutaneous lesions spontaneously clear within 1 to 2 years after initial presentation. […] In contrast, oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that may or may not remit.

• #113

  https://www.ndcs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus mostly occurs in adults above 50 years old. In about 50% of the cases, only the mouth is involved. This condition is called oral lichen planus. […] In some cases, the disease may be completely symptom-free and is only discovered by the dental surgeon during a routine dental check-up. In other cases, symptoms may range from a burning or stinging sensation to bothersome pain. Symptoms are often aggravated when taking spicy food. The red and ulcerated forms of oral lichen planus are more likely to cause symptoms. […] The duration and severity of the disease is not predictable. Some patients have it for many years, while for others, the disease may disappear after several months and it may or may not recur.

• #114 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Treatment-induced remission is typically followed by relapse. […] Oral lichen planus may spontaneously resolve within 5 years, but many cases are chronic and do not resolve. […] The goal of treating symptomatic oral lichen planus is to heal erosive lesions, reduce pain, and allow normal food intake. […] Patients should be instructed to avoid spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, and tobacco, as these exacerbate symptoms.

• #115 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] The two main types are: Reticular. This type appears as white patches in the mouth and can look lacy. It’s the most common type of oral lichen planus. It usually has no related symptoms. And it usually doesn’t need treatment or lead to major complications. […] Erosive. This type appears as red, swollen tissues or open sores. It may cause a burning feeling or pain. A healthcare professional should check erosive oral lichen planus regularly because it can lead to mouth cancer. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth.

• #116 When to See a Dermatologist for Lichen Planus

  https://ostrowonline.usc.edu/when-to-see-a-dermatologist-for-lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus (LP) is an immune-mediated disease with an unknown etiology. Its clinical presentation waxes and wanes, and its severity goes from symptomatic oral erosions with erythema to asymptomatic white striations. […] Frequently, the patient presents an associated burning sensation with foods, including but not limited to spicy or acidic food. […] There are three most common clinical presentations of oral lichen planus: erosive, reticular, and plaque-like. […] Erosive lichen planus, although not as common as the reticular form, is more significant for the patient because the lesions are usually symptomatic. Clinically, there are atrophic, erythematous areas with central ulceration of varying degrees. […] Reticular lichen planus is much more common than the erosive form, usually asymptomatic.

• #117 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] The two main types are: Reticular. This type appears as white patches in the mouth and can look lacy. It’s the most common type of oral lichen planus. It usually has no related symptoms. And it usually doesn’t need treatment or lead to major complications. […] Erosive. This type appears as red, swollen tissues or open sores. It may cause a burning feeling or pain. A healthcare professional should check erosive oral lichen planus regularly because it can lead to mouth cancer. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth.

• #118 Oral lichen planus | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] The two main types are: Reticular. This type appears as white patches in the mouth and can look lacy. It’s the most common type of oral lichen planus. It usually has no related symptoms. And it usually doesn’t need treatment or lead to major complications. […] Erosive. This type appears as red, swollen tissues or open sores. It may cause a burning feeling or pain. A healthcare professional should check erosive oral lichen planus regularly because it can lead to mouth cancer. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth.

• #119 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  There are four forms of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophic, bullous, and erosive. […] The reticular form is most common and manifests as bilateral, asymptomatic Wickham striae on the oral mucosa or other parts of the mouth, such as the gingiva, tongue, palate, and lips. […] The atrophic form causes atrophic changes with erythema of the oral mucosa. […] The bullous form manifests as fluid-filled vesicles. […] The erosive form leads to ulcerated, painful, erythematous areas that may contract secondary infection, such as candidiasis. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in men with oral erosive lichen planus lesions. […] Various treatments have been employed to treat symptomatic oral lichen planus, but complete resolution is difficult to achieve. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy.

• #120 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Treatment-induced remission is typically followed by relapse. […] Oral lichen planus may spontaneously resolve within 5 years, but many cases are chronic and do not resolve. […] The goal of treating symptomatic oral lichen planus is to heal erosive lesions, reduce pain, and allow normal food intake. […] Patients should be instructed to avoid spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, and tobacco, as these exacerbate symptoms.

• #121 Lichen planus

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus (LP) is thought to be an immunologically mediated disorder. Itch – usually very marked. Onset usually insidious but occasionally lesions develop rapidly. The mouth is involved in approximately 50% of all LP cases, and LP confined to the mouth accounts for about 15% of all cases. Erosive LP causing ulceration is uncommon but can be very severe, especially when involving the female genitalia. Erosive LP in males is very uncommon. The prognosis for LP is 50% of patients clear in nine months / 85% by 18 months. LP can relapse in 20% of cases. Troublesome oral symptoms can be treated as follows: Topical analgesia is available as a mouthwash and spray eg Difflam. There is no good treatment that can help reduce the hyperpigmentation found in some forms of lichen planus, and in post-inflammatory lesions. […] Patients with evidence of scarring alopecia, nail destruction, ulceration or other aggressive forms of lichen planus should be referred urgently to a dermatologist.

• #122 Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review Navigating Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/17/5280

  Symptoms of gingival OLP encompass gingival bleeding, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, and gum pain. […] OLP may be accompanied by a range of associated symptoms that can vary in intensity among affected individuals. Commonly reported associated symptoms of OLP include pain, burning sensation, dry mouth, altered taste, speech difficulties, and psychological impact. […] The progression of OLP to OSCC is a focal point of research due to the implications of genetic and cellular changes in this progression. […] The malignant transformation risk of OLP to OSCC is 1% to 2% of cases, with the erosive subtype being the highest risk. […] Regular screenings and biopsies are essential due to OLP’s likelihood of malignant transformation.

• #123 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus persists for many years, resolving rarely. The principle aim of treatment is to heal areas of painful erosion, ulceration or blistering. […] Long-standing oral lichen planus rarely gives rise to any notable complications, however, there is some concern that lichen planus of the mouth may have some malignant potential. […] It is presently suggested that 1-3% of patients with long-standing oral lichen planus may develop a squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. […] In view of the controversy regarding the malignant potential of lichen planus, it is recommended that all patients are regularly reviewed by a health care provider for changes suggestive of potential malignancy of the oral cavity.

• #124 The relationship between clinical symptoms of oral lichen planus and quality of life related to oral health | BMC Oral Health | Full Text

  https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-024-04326-2

  The study showed that oral lichen planus in the palate significantly affected the OHIP-14 score, leading to a significant increase in the score. Patients with ulcerative, erosive, and bullous types of oral lichen planus reported remarkably higher pain levels compared to other types. […] The increase in pain and irritation in the oral mucosa of patients with oral lichen planus can be a reason for the effect on the functional and physical aspects of the patients’ quality of life.

• #125 Oral Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-clinical

  When OLP is asymptomatic, malignant transformation may not be predictable, because patients commonly seek treatment only when the lesions are symptomatic. […] One proposed explanation for the increased risk of oral SCC in patients with OLP is that in comparison with healthy mucosa, the oral mucosa affected by OLP may be more sensitive to C albicans and to the exogenous mutagens found in tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid.

• #126 Oral lichen planus: patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11480643/

  Oral lichen planus, or OLP, is a common mucocutaneous immunological disease. The objective of this study was to describe the patient profile, disease progression and treatment responses. The mean age at onset of the disease was 55 years, and 154 (67 percent) of the patients were female. Symptoms generally correlated directly with the severity of OLP forms, which ranged from reticular to erosive. At last follow-up, 65 percent of the patients had the same type of OLP seen initially or the disease had progressed to a more severe type, while 35 percent of patients had less-severe forms than that seen at the initial visit. OLP is a chronic disease with no known cure. Symptoms can improve with corticosteroids; however, the lack of long-term (that is, lifetime) treatment compliance and the adverse side effects of the drugs limit optimal results. […] Patients with OLP should be treated if symptoms are significant. Follow-up–including supervision of medication use and monitoring of side effects, as well as periodic examinations for possible malignant transformation–is necessary.

• #127 Oral lichen planus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350869

  Oral lichen planus lesions cause lacy white patches in the mouth. […] This white, lacelike patch on the interior surface of the cheek is typical for oral lichen planus. […] Oral lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is an ongoing inflammatory condition that affects mucous membranes inside the mouth. […] Symptoms usually can be managed. But people who have oral lichen planus need regular checkups. That’s because oral lichen planus especially the erosive type may raise the risk of getting mouth cancer in the affected areas. […] Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] Signs differ based on the type of oral lichen planus. For example: […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] Mouth cancer.

• #128 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  In more severe cases of oral lichen planus, corticosteroid tablets may also be used on a short-term basis. […] Erosive lichen planus is a long-lasting (chronic) form of lichen planus that causes painful ulcers to develop, as well as burning and discomfort in the genital areas of both male and females. […] Occasionally, in around 2% of cases, long-term cases of erosive lichen planus can develop into certain types of cancer, such as mouth cancer, vulval cancer, penile cancer.

• #129 Oral lichen planus – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/oral-lichen-planus/

  Typically, oral lichen planus appears as white, lace-like patterned patches on the tongue and inner surfaces of the cheeks. The area around the patches may also be bright red and swollen. However, it can appear as white and red patches or as areas of sores (ulceration) on the lining of the mouth. When the gums are affected by oral lichen planus, it is called desquamative gingivitis. The gums will look red and shiny. […] In most cases oral lichen planus cannot be cured, but it may go away on its own. It tends to last longer than lichen planus that affects the skin on other parts of the body. It may persist for a number of years. However, there are treatments to manage and reduce the severity of symptoms. […] In most people, oral lichen planus is not serious. However, an important, although uncommon, feature of oral lichen planus is a tendency to cancerous change, with about a 1% risk over a period of 10 years. In other words, one in a hundred people develop cancer in the mouth.

• #130 Stay connected

  https://www.dentalhealth.org/lichen-planus

  There may be some connection between oral lichen planus and cancer of the mouth. Around 1 to 3 percent of patients who have had lichen planus for a long time may go on to develop mouth cancer. The exact connection between oral lichen planus and cancer is not certain. Only a very few patients with oral lichen planus ever develop cancer.

• #131 Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review Navigating Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/17/5280

  Symptoms of gingival OLP encompass gingival bleeding, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, and gum pain. […] OLP may be accompanied by a range of associated symptoms that can vary in intensity among affected individuals. Commonly reported associated symptoms of OLP include pain, burning sensation, dry mouth, altered taste, speech difficulties, and psychological impact. […] The progression of OLP to OSCC is a focal point of research due to the implications of genetic and cellular changes in this progression. […] The malignant transformation risk of OLP to OSCC is 1% to 2% of cases, with the erosive subtype being the highest risk. […] Regular screenings and biopsies are essential due to OLP’s likelihood of malignant transformation.

• #132 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  There are four forms of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophic, bullous, and erosive. […] The reticular form is most common and manifests as bilateral, asymptomatic Wickham striae on the oral mucosa or other parts of the mouth, such as the gingiva, tongue, palate, and lips. […] The atrophic form causes atrophic changes with erythema of the oral mucosa. […] The bullous form manifests as fluid-filled vesicles. […] The erosive form leads to ulcerated, painful, erythematous areas that may contract secondary infection, such as candidiasis. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in men with oral erosive lichen planus lesions. […] Various treatments have been employed to treat symptomatic oral lichen planus, but complete resolution is difficult to achieve. […] Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy.

• #133 Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review Navigating Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/17/5280

  Symptoms of gingival OLP encompass gingival bleeding, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, and gum pain. […] OLP may be accompanied by a range of associated symptoms that can vary in intensity among affected individuals. Commonly reported associated symptoms of OLP include pain, burning sensation, dry mouth, altered taste, speech difficulties, and psychological impact. […] The progression of OLP to OSCC is a focal point of research due to the implications of genetic and cellular changes in this progression. […] The malignant transformation risk of OLP to OSCC is 1% to 2% of cases, with the erosive subtype being the highest risk. […] Regular screenings and biopsies are essential due to OLP’s likelihood of malignant transformation.

• #134 Lichen Planus &nbsp|&nbsp American Skin Association

  https://www.americanskin.org/resource/lichen.php

  Lichen planus of the mouth looks like lacy white patches on the inside of the cheeks or on the tongue. Oral lesions do not usually cause symptoms, though severe outbreaks may cause painful sores and ulcers that make it hard to eat and drink. […] Oral lesions tend to last longer than those of the skin. Furthermore, even after going away completely, lichen planus may recur. […] When oral mucosa is affected by lichen planus, there is a slightly increased risk of developing oral cancer. If oral lichen planus is present, you should avoid the use of alcohol and tobacco products, which also increase the risk. Regular visits to the dermatologist or dentist at least twice a year for an oral cancer screening is recommended.

• #135 Oral Lichen Planus: A Narrative Review Navigating Etiologies, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/17/5280

  Symptoms of gingival OLP encompass gingival bleeding, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, and gum pain. […] OLP may be accompanied by a range of associated symptoms that can vary in intensity among affected individuals. Commonly reported associated symptoms of OLP include pain, burning sensation, dry mouth, altered taste, speech difficulties, and psychological impact. […] The progression of OLP to OSCC is a focal point of research due to the implications of genetic and cellular changes in this progression. […] The malignant transformation risk of OLP to OSCC is 1% to 2% of cases, with the erosive subtype being the highest risk. […] Regular screenings and biopsies are essential due to OLP’s likelihood of malignant transformation.

• #136 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #137 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment – Harley Street Maxillofacial Clinic

  https://harleystreetmaxillofacialclinic.com/oral-conditions/lichen-planus-treatment/

  If no clear cause can be found, topical corticosteroids are often effective. In more serious cases, a course of systemic corticosteroids may be considered. […] While there may not always be a complete cure for oral lichen planus, many patients experience significant improvement, and in some cases, the condition can be resolved. For others, the symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. […] This allows for early intervention to alleviate flare-ups and reduces the risk of complications, such as mouth cancer developing in affected areas.

• #138 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #139 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #140 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus can appear in the mouth in several different patterns. The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking. […] The severity and subsequent disability caused by lichen planus varies from inconsequential to severe. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. A goal of therapy is to convert bothersome erosive or ulcerative oral lichen planus to the asymptomatic reticular form. Individuals with oral lichen planus often require some form of maintenance therapy to keep their disease under control. Oral lichen planus can be controlled but often will exhibit disease flare-ups requiring additional.

• #141 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment – Harley Street Maxillofacial Clinic

  https://harleystreetmaxillofacialclinic.com/oral-conditions/lichen-planus-treatment/

  If no clear cause can be found, topical corticosteroids are often effective. In more serious cases, a course of systemic corticosteroids may be considered. […] While there may not always be a complete cure for oral lichen planus, many patients experience significant improvement, and in some cases, the condition can be resolved. For others, the symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. […] This allows for early intervention to alleviate flare-ups and reduces the risk of complications, such as mouth cancer developing in affected areas.

• #142 Oral Lichen Planus Treatment – Harley Street Maxillofacial Clinic

  https://harleystreetmaxillofacialclinic.com/oral-conditions/lichen-planus-treatment/

  If no clear cause can be found, topical corticosteroids are often effective. In more serious cases, a course of systemic corticosteroids may be considered. […] While there may not always be a complete cure for oral lichen planus, many patients experience significant improvement, and in some cases, the condition can be resolved. For others, the symptoms can be managed to improve quality of life. […] This allows for early intervention to alleviate flare-ups and reduces the risk of complications, such as mouth cancer developing in affected areas.

• #143 Oral lichen planus | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. Because there is no cure, treatment focuses on healing and easing pain or other symptoms that bother you. […] Treatments such as numbing agents applied to the skin can give relief for a short time in areas that are very painful. […] Medicines called corticosteroids may lower inflammation related to oral lichen planus. […] Medicines called immunosuppressants may be used to improve severe symptoms of oral lichen planus and lessen pain. […] The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. This is known as a secondary infection. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger.

• #144 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can make your mouth hurt. This is why you should see a dental care provider if you notice signs of this disease. There are two main types of OLP: Reticular oral lichen planus and Erosive oral lichen planus. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission.

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