Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6990670/

  This systematic review and meta-analysis identifies the global prevalence and incidence of oral lichen planus in the overall population and among subgroups. […] In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 46 studies, 15 included general population data (n=462993), and 31 included information from clinical patients (n=191963). The overall estimated pooled prevalence of oral lichen planus was 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. […] This study identified the global prevalence and incidence of oral lichen planus in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. […] Integrated information on the global prevalence and incidence of oral lichen planus (OLP) is lacking. […] The primary outcome was the prevalence (with 95% CIs) of OLP among the overall population and among subgroups.

• #2 Oral Lichen Planus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-overview

  OLP has been estimated to affect approximately 1-3% of the general adult population, though in many areas, the precise prevalence of the disease is unknown. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis (46 studies; N = 654,956) by Li et al yielded estimated global prevalence figures of 0.89% in the general population (15 studies; n = 462,993) and 0.98% in clinical patients (31 studies; n = 191,963). […] OLP predominantly occurs in middle-aged adults; younger adults and children can be affected, but rarely. The meta-analysis by Li et al found that in five of the clinic-based studies providing age distribution data, the prevalence of OLP was 0.62% in patients younger than 40 years and 1.90% in patients aged 40 years or older. A multicenter European study (N = 565) found that the average age at diagnosis of OLP was 60.11 years.

• #3 Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6990670/

  Among 46 studies, the overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLP was 0.89% (95% CI, 0.38%-2.05%) among the general population (n=462993) and 0.98% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.43%) among clinical patients (n=191963). […] A higher prevalence of OLP was found in non-Asian countries, among women, and among people 40 years and older. […] This study identified the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of OLP was 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. […] Only 3 studies reported on the incidence of OLP. […] The incidence was 2.48 (95% CI, 2.12-2.83) per 1000 person-years, with rates of 2.14 (95% CI, 1.65-2.64) per 1000 person-years for men and 2.76 (95% CI, 2.25-3.27) per 1000 person-years for women.

• #4 Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144836/

  The objective was to assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. […] The global pooled prevalence was 1.01%, with a marked geographical difference (p .001). […] The highest prevalence was reported from Europe (1.43%) and the lowest in India (0.49%), where tobacco-associated keratosis appears to mask oral lichen planus resulting in attenuation of its prevalence. […] From the age of 40 years, the prevalence increases significantly and progressively (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 2.48-4.73, p .001). […] Studies that define diagnostic criteria report a higher prevalence (1.31% vs. 0.70%, p = .03), although the application of the WHO criteria (year 1978-2007) does not increase the ability to diagnose the disease compared with other criteria (p = .11). […] The studies performed by oral medicine/oral pathology specialists report significantly higher prevalence (1.80%) than dentists (0.61%) and dermatologists (0.33%; p .001).

• #5 Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144836/

  The objective was to assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. […] The global pooled prevalence was 1.01%, with a marked geographical difference (p .001). […] The highest prevalence was reported from Europe (1.43%) and the lowest in India (0.49%), where tobacco-associated keratosis appears to mask oral lichen planus resulting in attenuation of its prevalence. […] From the age of 40 years, the prevalence increases significantly and progressively (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 2.48-4.73, p .001). […] Studies that define diagnostic criteria report a higher prevalence (1.31% vs. 0.70%, p = .03), although the application of the WHO criteria (year 1978-2007) does not increase the ability to diagnose the disease compared with other criteria (p = .11). […] The studies performed by oral medicine/oral pathology specialists report significantly higher prevalence (1.80%) than dentists (0.61%) and dermatologists (0.33%; p .001).

• #6 Oral Lichen Planus: Clinical Presentation, Demographic Characteristics, and Risk Factors in a Retrospective Study of 186 Polish Patients

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7363

  Oral lichen planus (OLP) occurs more often than the cutaneous and shows higher resistance to treatment. The prevalence of OLP in the general adult population ranges between 0.5% and 2%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), OLP belongs to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with a transformation risk from 0.4% to 3.3% throughout 0.5 to >20 years, more commonly deriving from atrophic-erosive types. Several epidemiological studies of OLP have described the population of the United States, Asia, and some European countries. The reports on the demographic and clinical presentations of OLP in Polish patients are limited and include relatively small numbers of patients. This study aims to perform a retrospective analysis of clinical presentation, basic demographic features, and potential risk factors of a cohort of 186 Polish patients with OLP. This study expands the knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of OLP patients from Northeastern Europe.

• #7 Epidemiology of Oral Lichen Planus in a Cohort of South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

  https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.15430/JCP.2016.21.1.55

  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. The epidemiology of OLP is well-described in several relatively large series from various geographic locations, whereas such series from southern India is rare. The aim of the present study was to determine the epidemiology of OLP in a cohort of South Indian population. […] The prevalence of oral lichen planus in Indian population is 2.6% with more female predilection. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered as a potentially malignant disorder with malignant transformation rate of 0.5% to 2%. […] The present retrospective study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as predisposing factors of OLP in a small cohort of southern Indian population. More prevalence in females than males was consistent with other studies.

• #8 Clinico-Pathological Study to Evaluate Oral Lichen Planus for the Establishment of Clinical and Histopathological Diagnostic Criteria – Turkish Journal of Pathology

  https://turkjpath.org/text.php?id=1723

  Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the stratified squamous epithelium. The disease is relatively common, affecting approximately two percent of the total population and constitutes nine percent of all the white lesions of the oral cavity. Oral Lichen Planus can be present anywhere in the oral cavity and is almost invariably a bilateral disease on the buccal mucosa. Present trends classify OLP into three major clinical presentations as reticular, erosive/erythematous, and ulcerative. […] Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid lesions (OLL) pose a major diagnostic problem since their clinical and histopathological features overlap with each other. Distinguishing OLP and OLL from one another with only limited data may create a major diagnostic challenge, with considerable implications for patient management and follow up.

• #9 Oral Lichen Planus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-overview

  The female-to-male ratio for OLP has been estimated at approximately 1.4:1. In the previously cited meta-analysis, the prevalence of OLP in the population-based studies was 1.55% in women vs 1.11% in men, whereas the prevalence of OLP in the clinic-based studies was 1.69% in women vs 1.09% in men. […] OLP affects all racial groups.

• #10 Oral Lichen Planus – European Association of Oral Medicine

  https://eaom.eu/education/eaom-handbook/oral-lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus affects 1-2% of examined populations. It most typically arises in middle to late aged females, although can arise in childhood and adults. Oral lichen planus has a worldwide distribution. There appear to be no notable increased risks associated with particular ethnic groups. […] It is presently suggested that 1-3% of patients with long-standing oral lichen planus may develop a squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. Whether this reflects a common cause or that lichen planus does indeed predispose to oral squamous cell carcinoma remains unclear – lichen planus is common, and an association with squamous cell carcinoma might be coincidental. […] At the present time, as the cause of lichen planus is unknown, there is no specific preventative programme for this disorder.

• #11 Lichen Planus | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24254

  The prevalence of cutaneous lichen planus is approximately 0.2% to 1% among adults worldwide. Oral lichen planus is more common and reported in 1% to 4% of the population. Overall, women are more frequently affected compared to men at a ratio of 1.5:1, and most cases develop between the ages of 30 and 60. The condition is rare in children, representing less than 5% of all affected patients. […] Although lichen planus is not generally considered to have an ethnic predilection, recent studies suggest a higher incidence of the disease in African Americans and individuals of Indian and Arabian descent. There appears to be a familial component, as up to 10% of first-degree relatives of patients may also develop the disease.

• #12 Oral lichen planus: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/oral-lichen-planus-pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Oral LP most commonly occurs in middle-aged adults. Large retrospective studies from Europe and the United States indicate that the average age of patients presenting with oral LP is around 50 to 60 years. Oral LP is rare in children. […] Epidemiologic data on oral lichen planus (LP) vary. Population-based studies performed in Asia, Europe, North America, and the Middle East have found disease prevalence rates between less than 1 percent and 3 percent. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses estimate a global prevalence of 1 percent.

• #13 Oral Lichen Planus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-overview

  OLP has been estimated to affect approximately 1-3% of the general adult population, though in many areas, the precise prevalence of the disease is unknown. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis (46 studies; N = 654,956) by Li et al yielded estimated global prevalence figures of 0.89% in the general population (15 studies; n = 462,993) and 0.98% in clinical patients (31 studies; n = 191,963). […] OLP predominantly occurs in middle-aged adults; younger adults and children can be affected, but rarely. The meta-analysis by Li et al found that in five of the clinic-based studies providing age distribution data, the prevalence of OLP was 0.62% in patients younger than 40 years and 1.90% in patients aged 40 years or older. A multicenter European study (N = 565) found that the average age at diagnosis of OLP was 60.11 years.

• #14 Lichen Planus | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24254

  The prevalence of cutaneous lichen planus is approximately 0.2% to 1% among adults worldwide. Oral lichen planus is more common and reported in 1% to 4% of the population. Overall, women are more frequently affected compared to men at a ratio of 1.5:1, and most cases develop between the ages of 30 and 60. The condition is rare in children, representing less than 5% of all affected patients. […] Although lichen planus is not generally considered to have an ethnic predilection, recent studies suggest a higher incidence of the disease in African Americans and individuals of Indian and Arabian descent. There appears to be a familial component, as up to 10% of first-degree relatives of patients may also develop the disease.

• #15 Oral Lichen Planus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-overview

  The female-to-male ratio for OLP has been estimated at approximately 1.4:1. In the previously cited meta-analysis, the prevalence of OLP in the population-based studies was 1.55% in women vs 1.11% in men, whereas the prevalence of OLP in the clinic-based studies was 1.69% in women vs 1.09% in men. […] OLP affects all racial groups.

• #16 Oral Lichen Planus | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/45384

  OLP is a common condition, with a prevalence of between 0.5-2.2% of the population. […] However, a recent review of epidemiological studies specific to OLP, found only one study as being the most useful, being the most free of error and bias and so, is regarded as the most reliable estimation of population prevalence of OLP, at least in European populations with a reported prevalence of 1.27%. […] However, OLP most frequently presents in women, aged 40 years and above, by a ratio of approximately 3:1 to 3:2 compared with men, of the same age.

• #17 Oral Lichen Planus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-overview

  The female-to-male ratio for OLP has been estimated at approximately 1.4:1. In the previously cited meta-analysis, the prevalence of OLP in the population-based studies was 1.55% in women vs 1.11% in men, whereas the prevalence of OLP in the clinic-based studies was 1.69% in women vs 1.09% in men. […] OLP affects all racial groups.

• #18 Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144836/

  The objective was to assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. […] The global pooled prevalence was 1.01%, with a marked geographical difference (p .001). […] The highest prevalence was reported from Europe (1.43%) and the lowest in India (0.49%), where tobacco-associated keratosis appears to mask oral lichen planus resulting in attenuation of its prevalence. […] From the age of 40 years, the prevalence increases significantly and progressively (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 2.48-4.73, p .001). […] Studies that define diagnostic criteria report a higher prevalence (1.31% vs. 0.70%, p = .03), although the application of the WHO criteria (year 1978-2007) does not increase the ability to diagnose the disease compared with other criteria (p = .11). […] The studies performed by oral medicine/oral pathology specialists report significantly higher prevalence (1.80%) than dentists (0.61%) and dermatologists (0.33%; p .001).

• #19 Oral Lichen Planus: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-overview

  OLP has been estimated to affect approximately 1-3% of the general adult population, though in many areas, the precise prevalence of the disease is unknown. A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis (46 studies; N = 654,956) by Li et al yielded estimated global prevalence figures of 0.89% in the general population (15 studies; n = 462,993) and 0.98% in clinical patients (31 studies; n = 191,963). […] OLP predominantly occurs in middle-aged adults; younger adults and children can be affected, but rarely. The meta-analysis by Li et al found that in five of the clinic-based studies providing age distribution data, the prevalence of OLP was 0.62% in patients younger than 40 years and 1.90% in patients aged 40 years or older. A multicenter European study (N = 565) found that the average age at diagnosis of OLP was 60.11 years.

• #20 Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6990670/

  Among 46 studies, the overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLP was 0.89% (95% CI, 0.38%-2.05%) among the general population (n=462993) and 0.98% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.43%) among clinical patients (n=191963). […] A higher prevalence of OLP was found in non-Asian countries, among women, and among people 40 years and older. […] This study identified the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of OLP was 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. […] Only 3 studies reported on the incidence of OLP. […] The incidence was 2.48 (95% CI, 2.12-2.83) per 1000 person-years, with rates of 2.14 (95% CI, 1.65-2.64) per 1000 person-years for men and 2.76 (95% CI, 2.25-3.27) per 1000 person-years for women.

• #21 Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6990670/

  Among 46 studies, the overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLP was 0.89% (95% CI, 0.38%-2.05%) among the general population (n=462993) and 0.98% (95% CI, 0.67%-1.43%) among clinical patients (n=191963). […] A higher prevalence of OLP was found in non-Asian countries, among women, and among people 40 years and older. […] This study identified the global prevalence and incidence of OLP in terms of its spatial, temporal, and population distribution. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of OLP was 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. […] Only 3 studies reported on the incidence of OLP. […] The incidence was 2.48 (95% CI, 2.12-2.83) per 1000 person-years, with rates of 2.14 (95% CI, 1.65-2.64) per 1000 person-years for men and 2.76 (95% CI, 2.25-3.27) per 1000 person-years for women.

• #22 Incidence of Lichen Planus and Subsequent Mortality in Finnish Women | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3664

  The incidence pattern of lichen planus (LP) and LP-related mortality are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess these factors, based on Finnish nationwide registry data including 13,378 women with LP diagnosed during 1969 to 2012. The incidence rate for LP in 2003 to 2012 was 28 per 100,000 woman-years age-adjusted to the European Standard Population. […] In conclusion, LP is a common disease and patients seem to have an impaired long-term prognosis. […] Lichen planus is a skin disease that may affect many different cutaneous or mucous parts of the body in individuals at all ages. Little is known of its incidence and long-term prognosis. This study analysed the incidence of lichen planus in women and the mortality of lichen planus patients, based on nationwide Finnish registry data. The incidence was 28 per 100,000 woman-years. The mortality of women with lichen planus was slightly increased because of excesses in mortality from several specific disease categories. These results confirm the importance of long-term and multidisciplinary follow-up of patients with lichen planus.

• #23 Incidence of Lichen Planus and Subsequent Mortality in Finnish Women | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3664

  The exact incidence of LP and its different subtypes is unknown due to the care of patients with LP spreading across different medical specialties, in both primary and specialized healthcare. The crude incidence rate of LP in primary care in the UK between 1994 and 2003 was 38 per 100,000 woman-years. […] The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of LP in women using nationwide hospital-based data from Finland. In addition, this study assessed the all-cause and cause-specific mortality of women diagnosed with LP. […] In this nationwide study, the incidence of LP remained constant during 2003 to 2012: 28 per 100,000 woman-years. LP diagnoses were rare in children, and the highest incidence was observed within postmenopausal age groups. The mortality of women with LP was somewhat higher than in the general female population due to excess mortality from respiratory diseases, lymphomas, cancers of the oral cavity and tongue, infections, and diseases of the digestive system.

• #24 Lichen Planus | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116351/all/Lichen_Planus

  Predominant age: 30 to 60 years old; rare in children and the geriatric population. […] Predominant sex: female male. […] In the United States, 450/100,000.

• #25 Lichen Planus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123213-overview

  In the United States, LP is reported in approximately 1% of all new patients seen at health care clinics. Some areas have reported a higher incidence in December and January. […] Internationally, no significant geographical variation in frequency exists for LP. […] More than two thirds of LP patients are between the ages of 30 and 60 years; however, LP can occur at any age. […] No significant differences in the incidence of LP are noted between male and female patients; however, in women, LP may present as desquamative inflammatory vaginitis. […] No racial predispositions have been noted for LP.

• #26 Oral Lichen Planus: Clinical Presentation, Demographic Characteristics, and Risk Factors in a Retrospective Study of 186 Polish Patients

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7363

  Oral lichen planus (OLP) occurs more often than the cutaneous and shows higher resistance to treatment. The prevalence of OLP in the general adult population ranges between 0.5% and 2%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), OLP belongs to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with a transformation risk from 0.4% to 3.3% throughout 0.5 to >20 years, more commonly deriving from atrophic-erosive types. Several epidemiological studies of OLP have described the population of the United States, Asia, and some European countries. The reports on the demographic and clinical presentations of OLP in Polish patients are limited and include relatively small numbers of patients. This study aims to perform a retrospective analysis of clinical presentation, basic demographic features, and potential risk factors of a cohort of 186 Polish patients with OLP. This study expands the knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of OLP patients from Northeastern Europe.

• #27 Oral Lichen Planus: Clinical Presentation, Demographic Characteristics, and Risk Factors in a Retrospective Study of 186 Polish Patients

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7363

  Oral lichen planus (OLP) occurs more often than the cutaneous and shows higher resistance to treatment. The prevalence of OLP in the general adult population ranges between 0.5% and 2%. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), OLP belongs to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with a transformation risk from 0.4% to 3.3% throughout 0.5 to >20 years, more commonly deriving from atrophic-erosive types. Several epidemiological studies of OLP have described the population of the United States, Asia, and some European countries. The reports on the demographic and clinical presentations of OLP in Polish patients are limited and include relatively small numbers of patients. This study aims to perform a retrospective analysis of clinical presentation, basic demographic features, and potential risk factors of a cohort of 186 Polish patients with OLP. This study expands the knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of OLP patients from Northeastern Europe.

• #28 Oral Lichen Planus | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/131890

  The estimated global prevalence of oral lichen planus is about 2%. It is twice as common in women and is often diagnosed between the fifth and sixth decades of life, although it may also occur in children and young adults. […] The malignant potential of oral lichen planus remains a highly debated topic in the literature. The reported rate of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma ranges from 0 to 12.5%. […] A recent meta-analysis examining a total of 12,838 OLP patients found that after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the risk of malignant transformation was found to be 0.44%, significantly lower than most reported studies. […] While the reported malignant transformation rates may vary in the literature, all studies unanimously concur that routine long-term follow-up is necessary for managing a patients symptoms and ruling out evidence of malignancy.

• #29 Lichen Planus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/lichen-planus-pro

  Cutaneous LP has a prevalence of approximately 0.2% to 1% of adults worldwide, but oral LP is more common and reported in 1% to 4% of the population. […] It can occur at any age but is more common in middle age. […] Most studies report a male:female ratio of 1:1.5. […] Immunologically mediated (perhaps triggered by a virus) and can occur in families. […] Associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and both hepatitis B and hepatitis C (these patients are twice as likely to have LP). […] People with oral lichen planus have a 1.1% risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); therefore, regular follow-up for these patients is recommended. A higher rate of transformation is found among smokers, people with alcohol dependency, and HCV-infected patients.

• #30 Lichen Planus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/lichen-planus-pro

  Cutaneous LP has a prevalence of approximately 0.2% to 1% of adults worldwide, but oral LP is more common and reported in 1% to 4% of the population. […] It can occur at any age but is more common in middle age. […] Most studies report a male:female ratio of 1:1.5. […] Immunologically mediated (perhaps triggered by a virus) and can occur in families. […] Associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and both hepatitis B and hepatitis C (these patients are twice as likely to have LP). […] People with oral lichen planus have a 1.1% risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); therefore, regular follow-up for these patients is recommended. A higher rate of transformation is found among smokers, people with alcohol dependency, and HCV-infected patients.

• #31 Oral lichen planus: a novel staging and algorithmic… | F1000Research

  https://f1000research.com/articles/9-206

  Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Oral LP (OLP) is a common disease that afflicts 12% of the population, most commonly middle-aged females, and is persistent. A chronic course is typical, and spontaneous resolution is uncommon. OLP may take a progressing course and therefore require lifetime surveillance. […] The overall incidence of OLP is uncertain but is estimated to be between 0.5 and 1.5%. The involvement of the oral mucosa in systemic LP patients is between 70 and 77%. […] Autoimmune diseases were present in 7% of OLP patients in one study but were not statistically significant when compared to a control group. […] Only a few studies showed a true association between OLP and other systemic diseases, of which only a few were controlled studies with a high level of evidence. However, equal or more studies have depicted results that disprove these associations, and indeed most of these associations are based on case series and retrospective studies with relatively small samples studied.

• #32

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actaodontologica/article/view/37697

  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is known to be associated with the risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). […] A percentage of malignant transformation less than 1% was found. In fact, two patients (0.98%) underwent a malignant transformation at a site previously diagnosed as OLP. […] At present, OLP is accepted as being a potential malignant disorder, therefore lifelong follow-up is recommended.

• #33 Oral Lichen Planus | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/131890

  The estimated global prevalence of oral lichen planus is about 2%. It is twice as common in women and is often diagnosed between the fifth and sixth decades of life, although it may also occur in children and young adults. […] The malignant potential of oral lichen planus remains a highly debated topic in the literature. The reported rate of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma ranges from 0 to 12.5%. […] A recent meta-analysis examining a total of 12,838 OLP patients found that after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the risk of malignant transformation was found to be 0.44%, significantly lower than most reported studies. […] While the reported malignant transformation rates may vary in the literature, all studies unanimously concur that routine long-term follow-up is necessary for managing a patients symptoms and ruling out evidence of malignancy.

• #34 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus affects approximately 2 percent of the population. […] Although the disorder may occur in all age groups, women over the age 50 years are most commonly affected. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that can be controlled but not eliminated. […] All patients with oral lichen planus should have a periodic evaluation to assess the efficacy of therapy and to monitor for suspicious changes.

• #35 Oral lichen planus – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus affects 1 to 2% per cent of the population. It affects mainly adults, but more commonly women over 40 years old. Children are rarely affected. […] An important, although uncommon, feature of oral lichen planus is a tendency to cancerous change, with about a 1% risk over a period of 10 years. In other words, one in a hundred people develop cancer in the mouth. […] In view of the small risk of cancerous change in oral lichen planus, it is important to ensure the mouth is checked on a regular basis by a dentist or oral specialist, so that any early changes can be spotted.

• #36 Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Oral Lichen Planus

  https://commons.ada.org/journalmichigandentalassociation/vol104/iss12/9/

  Oral lichen planus is an immune mediated mucosal disorder affecting up to 2% of the population. Dysplasia has been known to develop in 0.1% to 1% of patients with lichen planus. This necessitates close surveillance for the development of atypical lesions. […] Oral lichen planus is a common mucosal disease. […] Prompt biopsy is appropriate due to the risk for dysplasia associated with lichen planus.

• #37 Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Oral Lichen Planus

  https://commons.ada.org/journalmichigandentalassociation/vol104/iss12/9/

  Oral lichen planus is an immune mediated mucosal disorder affecting up to 2% of the population. Dysplasia has been known to develop in 0.1% to 1% of patients with lichen planus. This necessitates close surveillance for the development of atypical lesions. […] Oral lichen planus is a common mucosal disease. […] Prompt biopsy is appropriate due to the risk for dysplasia associated with lichen planus.

• #38 Epidemiology of Oral Lichen Planus in a Cohort of South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

  https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.15430/JCP.2016.21.1.55

  About 71% of OLP patients was found to be associated with systemic illness. In particular, peak incidence of hypersensitivity reactions are more associated with lichen planus, which was not evident in other studies. […] In the present study, only 5% of cases of erosive lichen planus showed dysplastic features. In contrast to non-dysplastic OLP dysplastic OLP has a distinct molecular profile and can progress into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Regular follow-up of OLP lesions with dysplastic changes are necessary. […] Long term follow-up is necessary to monitor the recurrence, prognosis, and malignant transformation of OLP.

• #39 Neoplasia/dysplasia Surveillance of Oral Lichen Planus in Malaysia: a Preliminary Study using Topography Maps

  https://journal.waocp.org/article_25061.html

  Conventional methods for writing case notes detailing the progress of oral lichen planus (OLP), a precancerous condition that requires long-term surveillance, is both time-consuming and tedious for the busy clinician. […] This surveillance evaluated OLP in relation to patients age, race, gender, underlying systemic conditions, oral habits, initial onset of OLP, oral manifestations and presence/absence of clinically suspicious areas. […] TMM can be used for surveillance of other oral precancerous lesions and conditions.

• #40 Neoplasia/dysplasia Surveillance of Oral Lichen Planus in Malaysia: a Preliminary Study using Topography Maps

  https://journal.waocp.org/article_25061.html

  Conventional methods for writing case notes detailing the progress of oral lichen planus (OLP), a precancerous condition that requires long-term surveillance, is both time-consuming and tedious for the busy clinician. […] This surveillance evaluated OLP in relation to patients age, race, gender, underlying systemic conditions, oral habits, initial onset of OLP, oral manifestations and presence/absence of clinically suspicious areas. […] TMM can be used for surveillance of other oral precancerous lesions and conditions.

• #41 Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144836/

  The objective was to assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. […] The global pooled prevalence was 1.01%, with a marked geographical difference (p .001). […] The highest prevalence was reported from Europe (1.43%) and the lowest in India (0.49%), where tobacco-associated keratosis appears to mask oral lichen planus resulting in attenuation of its prevalence. […] From the age of 40 years, the prevalence increases significantly and progressively (OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 2.48-4.73, p .001). […] Studies that define diagnostic criteria report a higher prevalence (1.31% vs. 0.70%, p = .03), although the application of the WHO criteria (year 1978-2007) does not increase the ability to diagnose the disease compared with other criteria (p = .11). […] The studies performed by oral medicine/oral pathology specialists report significantly higher prevalence (1.80%) than dentists (0.61%) and dermatologists (0.33%; p .001).

• #42 Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144836/

  In conclusion, we propose that reliable diagnostic criteria should be defined, which should include a set of essential criteria including the presence of white reticular lesions in any location of the oral mucosa. […] The necessity to improve the knowledge of oral lichen planus among dentists and dermatologists through continuing education is apparent in the results of this meta-analysis.

• #43 Oral Lichen Planus: Clinical Presentation, Demographic Characteristics, and Risk Factors in a Retrospective Study of 186 Polish Patients

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7363

  The most common type of OLP in Polish patients was reticular, developing mostly on the buccal mucosa and tongue. OLP was found significantly more often in non-smokers compared to smokers. The most commonly observed clinical types of OLP in relation to sex, habit of smoking, and age of the study participants is presented. Over 80% of the study population with OLP reported at least one systemic condition; of those the most frequently reported were cardiovascular disorders, disorders of the thyroid gland, and gastrointestinal diseases. The risk of malignant transformation is low, but careful monitoring by qualified clinicians is recommended for OLP patients due to a chronic course and unpredictable mode of recurrences.

• #44 A cross sectional study of lichen planus: It’s epidemiological, clinico-histopathogical and serological perspective – IJCED

  https://www.ijced.org/html-article/11134

  Lichen planus (LP) is a common papulosquamous skin disease with a prevalence 1-2% globally and 0.1 – 1.5% in Indian studies with many morphological presentations. […] Strong association has been reported with HCV infection, while the association with other viral infections like EBV, CMV, Hepatitis B, HIV and Human herpes simplex virus is not that strong. […] More significant association was seen in Oral lichen planus. […] The association of HCV infection and lichen planus varied from the different studies. Positive association was seen in 3.1% to as high as 18.3%. […] The association was not consistent. In our study, 2.1% of the patients were positive for Hepatitis C virus infection. […] In our study, 2.1% of the patients were positive for HIV infection. […] There is no relationship between LP and Hepatitis B, C and HIV virus. Hence we suggest that viral serology (HBV, HCV, HIV) for LP may not be done as a routine screening process.

• #45 Association between oral lichen planus and hepatitis C: retrospective study and case report

  https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3072/307251077014/html/

  Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which affects the skin and/or mucosal tissues, is an autoimmune disease (pathology) of special interest to dentists due to its oral manifestations and its possible association with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). […] So that the relationship between Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and infection by HCV (OLP-HCV) may be investigated, current study conducted an epidemiological survey of all OLP cases diagnosed in two reference projects, with regard to diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of oral lesions in Maring, Paran, Brazil. […] A total of 3,488 clinical records of biopsies performed between 1994 and 2014 and 85 cases of OLP were selected for the present study. […] The reticular type of OLP showed significant prevalence but only 2.3% of OLP cases revealed any association with HCV.

• #46 Incidence of Lichen Planus and Subsequent Mortality in Finnish Women | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3664

  The exact incidence of LP and its different subtypes is unknown due to the care of patients with LP spreading across different medical specialties, in both primary and specialized healthcare. The crude incidence rate of LP in primary care in the UK between 1994 and 2003 was 38 per 100,000 woman-years. […] The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of LP in women using nationwide hospital-based data from Finland. In addition, this study assessed the all-cause and cause-specific mortality of women diagnosed with LP. […] In this nationwide study, the incidence of LP remained constant during 2003 to 2012: 28 per 100,000 woman-years. LP diagnoses were rare in children, and the highest incidence was observed within postmenopausal age groups. The mortality of women with LP was somewhat higher than in the general female population due to excess mortality from respiratory diseases, lymphomas, cancers of the oral cavity and tongue, infections, and diseases of the digestive system.

• #47 Incidence of Lichen Planus and Subsequent Mortality in Finnish Women | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3664

  This nationwide study of women diagnosed with LP in hospital settings shows a stable incidence of LP, with a majority of diagnoses made among postmenopausal age groups. Excess mortality from diseases of some organ systems and cancers among these women is suggested. Therefore, the need for multidisciplinary treatment and follow-up is further emphasized.

• #48 Clinico-Pathological Study to Evaluate Oral Lichen Planus for the Establishment of Clinical and Histopathological Diagnostic Criteria – Turkish Journal of Pathology

  https://turkjpath.org/text.php?id=1723

  Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the stratified squamous epithelium. The disease is relatively common, affecting approximately two percent of the total population and constitutes nine percent of all the white lesions of the oral cavity. Oral Lichen Planus can be present anywhere in the oral cavity and is almost invariably a bilateral disease on the buccal mucosa. Present trends classify OLP into three major clinical presentations as reticular, erosive/erythematous, and ulcerative. […] Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid lesions (OLL) pose a major diagnostic problem since their clinical and histopathological features overlap with each other. Distinguishing OLP and OLL from one another with only limited data may create a major diagnostic challenge, with considerable implications for patient management and follow up.

• #49 Clinico-Pathological Study to Evaluate Oral Lichen Planus for the Establishment of Clinical and Histopathological Diagnostic Criteria – Turkish Journal of Pathology

  https://turkjpath.org/text.php?id=1723

  The interobserver agreement among three observers for both prospective and retrospective cases in the final diagnosis of oral lichen planus was found to be good to very good indicating high reproducibility. However, the final diagnoses of true oral lichen planus after clinico-pathological correlation in prospective and retrospective study groups appeared to be 38.0% and 54.0% respectively. […] In conclusion, the results of the present study show a lack of clinico-pathological correlation in the diagnostic assessment of OLP. To confirm the clinical diagnosis of OLP, histopathological assessment has to be performed and the final diagnosis has to be achieved only after the correlation of clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Assessment of OLP and OLL based on modified WHO criteria displayed a significant role in the accurate differentiation of OLP from OLL and OLD.

• #50 Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6990670/

  The overall estimated prevalence of OLP is 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. […] The present study also provided evidence that the prevalence of OLP is higher among women compared with men, predominantly affecting those aged 40 years and older. […] The high statistical heterogeneity in our study suggests that differences in prevalence estimates between the studies cannot be explained by random chance alone.

• #51 Global Prevalence and Incidence Estimates of Oral Lichen Planus

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6990670/

  The overall estimated prevalence of OLP is 0.89% among the general population and 0.98% among clinical patients. […] The present study also provided evidence that the prevalence of OLP is higher among women compared with men, predominantly affecting those aged 40 years and older. […] The high statistical heterogeneity in our study suggests that differences in prevalence estimates between the studies cannot be explained by random chance alone.

• #52 Oral lichen planus: a novel staging and algorithmic… | F1000Research

  https://f1000research.com/articles/9-206

  The risk of malignant transformation is uncertain, but, although it exists, it is most probably much lower than once previously thought. Nevertheless, it was enough to include OLP in one of the oral malignant disorders. In one systematic review, the overall rate of OLP patients who eventually suffered malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 1%. […] There is no consensus despite scarce reports about an algorithmic approach towards the management of OLP. In general, management should be directed towards symptoms. No therapy is advocated in the absence of symptoms.

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