Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Preventing Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/prevention-treatment/index.html

  There is no vaccine or treatment that can prevent parvovirus B19 infection. […] Follow general respiratory precautions to prevent spread of parvovirus B19. […] Wash your hands often with soap and water to prevent Parvovirus B19. […] To prevent spread of parvovirus B19, follow general recommendations for respiratory viruses: […] Practice good hygiene (practices that improve cleanliness). […] Learn and use proper handwashing technique. Frequent handwashing is especially important in childcare settings and healthcare facilities. […] Clean frequently touched surfaces, such as countertops, handrails, and doorknobs, regularly.

• #2 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Parvovirus infection | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/de/healtcare-library/con-20376069

  There’s no vaccine to prevent human parvovirus infection. Once you’ve become infected with parvovirus, you get lifelong immunity. You may reduce the chances of getting an infection by washing your hands and your child’s hands often, not touching your face, avoiding people who are ill, and not sharing food or drinks.

• #3 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Phase I clinical trials are currently evaluating vaccine candidates against parvovirus B19. […] The risk of contagion in typical erythema infectiosum in the community is the highest during the early stages of the infection when symptoms are least specific and the disease more difficult to diagnose. Little rationale warrants excluding children with Fifth disease exanthem from daycare centers and school and adults from work. […] In addition to standard precautions, droplet precautions are recommended for hospitalized children with aplastic crises, children with the papular purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), and immunosuppressed patients with chronic infection and anemia for the duration of hospitalization.

• #4 CDC HAN: Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States – King County, Washington

  https://kingcounty.gov/ko-kr/dept/dph/health-safety/disease-illness/health-advisories/2024/august-13-han

  Parvovirus B19 infection can be transmitted during pregnancy (i.e., from mother to the fetus) or through transfusion of blood components and certain plasma derivates. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends testing all plasma-derived products and plasma units for parvovirus B19 using nucleic acid tests. Whole blood is not screened for parvovirus B19 in the United States. Transfusion-associated parvovirus B19 infection is extremely rare. […] Promote CDC recommendations for core prevention strategies to prevent respiratory illness, including practicing good hand hygiene and taking steps for cleaner air to reduce spread of parvovirus B19 and other respiratory viruses. […] People at higher risk of severe outcomes or complications who work in settings with higher risk of parvovirus B19 exposure should practice hand hygiene, avoid sharing food or drinks, and consider wearing a respirator or mask while at work. There is no proven benefit to removing someone from work in settings with higher risk of parvovirus B19 exposure. […] Follow general respiratory precautions to prevent spread of parvovirus B19 and other respiratory viruses. People at higher risk of severe parvovirus B19 can consider using additional prevention strategies such as wearing a mask when around others.

• #5 Parvovirus B19: Infection, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16633-parvovirus-infection

  Tips for reducing your risk of getting or spreading a parvovirus infection include: […] Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. […] Avoid close contact with people who may be infected. […] Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough. […] Avoid touching your nose, mouth and eyes. […] Stay home from work or school if you’re infected.

• #6 ‘Slapped Cheek’ Parvovirus B19 Spreading in the U.S.

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/infectious-diseases/slapped-cheek-virus-spreads-across-the-us/

  There is no vaccine or treatment that can prevent parvovirus B19 infection, but the CDC offers these recommendations for limiting the spread of any respiratory viruses: […] Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. If you don’t have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your elbow, not your hands. […] Learn and use proper handwashing technique. Frequent handwashing is especially important in childcare settings and healthcare facilities. […] Clean frequently touched surfaces, such as countertops, handrails, and doorknobs, regularly. […] Those who do have parvovirus symptoms are urged to stay home and keep away from others. Once the telltale rash appears, however, the infected person is no longer contagious.

• #7 Fifth Disease | Erythema infectiosum | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fifthdisease.html

  There is no vaccine to prevent fifth disease. But you can help protect yourself and others by: […] Washing your hands often with soap and water […] Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze […] Avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands […] Avoiding close contact with people who are sick […] Staying home when you are sick.

• #8 Parvovirus B19 Infection: What to Know | UPMC HealthBeat

  https://share.upmc.com/2024/08/parvovirus-disease/

  Parvovirus B19 infection can be prevented by taking precautions to avoid getting infected or spreading the virus, including: […] Stay out of close contact with people who have a parvovirus B19 infection. […] Use a tissue when sneezing or coughing. If you don’t have one available, try to sneeze or cough into your elbow instead of your hands. […] Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, scrubbing for at least 20 seconds. You can also use hand sanitizer. […] Clean frequently touched surfaces and objects in your household. […] If you have symptoms of parvovirus B19 infection, stay home from work or school. Avoid close contact with others to prevent the virus from spreading. […] If you have symptoms of parvovirus B19 infection, wear a mask around others to prevent spread. Or, if you’re at greater risk of complications from parvovirus B19, wear a mask to help prevent infection.

• #9 What to Know About Human Parvovirus B19

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/human-parvovirus-b19/

  And if you are at higher risk for complications from an infection, its important to be careful to avoid contact with people that are having high fevers or not feeling well, to reduce that risk of transmission to yourself, he adds. […] Those at high risk will want to practice good hand hygiene, avoid sharing food or drinks and consider wearing a respirator or mask, the CDC says.

• #9 What to Know About Human Parvovirus B19

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/human-parvovirus-b19/

  Parvovirus spreads like many other bugs through respiratory droplets from infected people. It can also spread through blood. […] Although there isnt a vaccine that can help prevent a parvovirus infection, there are some steps you can take to lower the likelihood of getting infected while the virus activity remains elevated and most people are familiar with them at this stage. […] Really, the prevention strategies for coronavirus would be very similar, Hayes says, and they are excellent hand hygiene, wearing a mask in large group settings, trying to minimize large group setting interactions in small spaces, things like that. […] Another important one: not going out when youre sick and exposing others. If youre having high fevers, or family members are having high fevers, thats a good time to stay home, Lloyd says.

• #10 Contagious Parvovirus B19 Is Spreading: What to Know | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2024/10/contagious-parvovirus-b19-is-spreading-what-to-know

  There is no vaccine or treatment to prevent parvovirus B19. The best way to prevent the spread is by using good hygiene practices: […] Avoid close contact with people who are sick. […] Wash your hands often. […] Cover sneezes and cough. […] Stay home if you feel sick.

• #11 Parvovirus B19 – Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine

  https://www.smfm.org/parvovirus-b19

  Maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists and other obstetric care clinicians should provide counseling stressing the importance of core prevention strategies including: […] Currently, there is no available vaccine to prevent parvovirus B19 infection. […] Wearing a mask; […] Handwashing; […] Cleaning frequently touched surfaces; […] Limiting physical contact with sick people; […] Avoiding sharing food and drink, and […] Covering coughs and sneezes.

• #12 Guidance for control of parvovirus B19 infection in healthcare settings and the community – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11469368/

  Interventions for parvovirus B19 infection need to balance the low risk of infection at a population level with the potential for serious adverse outcome for particular groups, notably the fetus, people with haemoglobinopathies and the immunocompromised. […] This guidance aims to assist the local decision-making process to be as evidence-based as the available evidence allows.

• #13 US parvovirus B19 cases spike, with infections noted in pregnant women, kids with sickle cell disease | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/misc-emerging-topics/us-parvovirus-b19-cases-spike-infections-noted-pregnant-women-kids-sickle-cell

  Increased parvovirus B19 positivity in both clinical specimens and healthy plasma donors suggests greater community transmission in 2024, the researchers said. […] The authors urged healthcare providers to promote measures to prevent infection and, along with public health officials, to track adverse B19-related outcomes to reduce severe disease in pregnant women and other high-risk patients. […] Health care providers caring for pregnant persons should be particularly vigilant for signs of reduced fetal movement or evidence of hydrops [severe swelling] which could be associated with B19. […] Public health officials should raise awareness about parvovirus B19 activity, including among child care and school providers. […] Health care providers should be aware of the risk for complications of B19 infection in children with SCD and have a low threshold for testing when there is clinical suspicion of aplastic crisis. […] Children and adolescents with SCD and B19 infection should be monitored for complications; early red blood cell transfusion might prevent serious adverse outcomes.

• #14 Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2024/08/increase-in-human-parvovirus-b19-activity-in-the-united-states

  With acute parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, rates of maternal-to-fetal transmission range from 17% to 33%. […] Most cases of fetal infection will resolve spontaneously; however, there is a 5-10% risk of adverse fetal outcomes, including fetal anemia, nonimmune hydrops, and fetal loss. […] The risk of adverse fetal outcomes is greatest if maternal infection occurs between 9 and 20 weeks of gestation. […] Considering this noted increase in infection, current recommendations include: Maintain increased suspicion for infection with parvovirus B19 in people presenting with common symptoms (eg, fever, myalgia, malaise, reticular rash, arthralgia, characteristic facial rash) or for pregnant people with known exposure to individuals with parvovirus B19. […] Promote CDC recommendations for core prevention strategies to reduce the risk of parvovirus B19 and other respiratory virus infections, including practicing good hand hygiene and taking steps for cleaner air.

• #14 Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2024/08/increase-in-human-parvovirus-b19-activity-in-the-united-states

  Although strategies for preventing transmission are limited in situations in which prolonged, close-contact exposure occurs (eg, schools, homes, or childcare centers), pregnant individuals should be counseled to report exposure to people with suspected or known parvovirus B19 infection to their obstetrician-gynecologists or other obstetric care clinicians. […] Exposure cannot be eliminated by identifying and excluding individuals with acute parvovirus B19 infection because individuals are infectious before they develop symptoms and as many as 20% of cases are asymptomatic. […] Exclusion of pregnant individuals from the workplace during endemic periods is not recommended. […] Follow recommended testing and support as listed in clinical guidelines, including ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 151, Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, Varicella Zoster, and Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy.

• #15 Parvovirus B19 Infection and Pregnancy: Review of the Current Knowledge

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10890458/

  Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. […] There is no vaccine for parvovirus B19, and fetal management focuses on detecting moderate/severe anemia by fetal PVS-MCA Doppler, which, if diagnosed, should be treated with intrauterine transfusion by cordocentesis. Prevention focuses on reducing exposure in high-risk populations, particularly pregnant women. […] Given that there is no specific treatment for parvovirus B19 infection, prophylaxis plays a key role in minimizing the morbidity of the disease. Preventing maternal exposure is the main focus of this prophylaxis, and it is debatable whether pregnant women susceptible to infection should avoid the high-risk population. […] In endemic areas, pregnant women with school-age family members and those who work with school-age children should be informed about transmission of parvovirus B19 and adopt precautional measures to prevent its spreading. Hygiene measures, such as hand washing, are suggested to minimize the risk of infection, as diffusion can occur by droplets. […] To date, there is no vaccine for parvovirus B19 released for use in humans, although vaccine trials are being carried out.

• #16 Hygiene and disinfection measures for parvovirus B19 infections | Publisso

  https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000534

  Standards precautions supplemented by measures against droplet transmission can reduce the likelihood of transmission. […] The B19V immune status must be determined at the latest when the pregnancy becomes known. Seronegative pregnant women should be counselled on the risk (infection routes, risks for mother and fetus) and possible hygiene measures (e.g. frequent hand washing). […] Regulations on erythema infectiosum should be included in the hygiene policy and be part of the risk assessment to be carried out by the employer.

• #16 Hygiene and disinfection measures for parvovirus B19 infections | Publisso

  https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000534

  The public health department can be called in to advise on hygiene measures. Pregnant women must not work during an outbreak. In the case of an immunocompromised child, the pediatrician in charge must decide and advise on how to proceed. […] B19V is a non-enveloped virus with high intrinsic tolerance to alcohols, meaning that alcohol-based hand sanitizers (hand rubs) are not effective. For hand hygiene, it is therefore only possible to refer to wearing protective gloves and washing hands with soap combined with a hygienic hand disinfection, as recommended by the German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO), e.g. for C. difficile. […] In the absence of specific data on the inactivation of B19V by disinfectants, it currently seems advisable to refer to experience with the animal model viruses.

• #16 Hygiene and disinfection measures for parvovirus B19 infections | Publisso

  https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000534

  Recommendations for hygiene measures: In order to prevent the further spread of B19V, an advisory has been prepared by experts from the Association for Applied Hygiene (VAH), in collaboration with the Virus Disinfection commission of the German Association for the Control of Virus Diseases (DVV) and the Society for Virology (GfV). This advisory is based on a risk assessment and the specific properties of B19V, and it outlines the necessary hygiene measures, including the selection of suitable disinfectants, to be taken in various areas in order to prevent the virus from spreading further. […] In the domestic setting, fundamental hygiene practices include thorough handwashing, refraining from touching the eyes, mouth, and nose, the use of a medical mask in the absence of physical distancing, and the frequent ventilation of rooms. In a medical setting, for example, the disinfection of surfaces in close proximity to the patient with an active virucidal agent and the use of gloves are also recommended when dealing with infected or potentially infected individuals.

• #16 Hygiene and disinfection measures for parvovirus B19 infections | Publisso

  https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000534

  The Virus Disinfection Commission of the German Association for the Control of Virus Diseases (DVV), the Society of Virology (GfV), and the Association for Applied Hygiene (VAH) have introduced the new virucidal activity PLUS efficacy range for disinfectants which prevent the transmission of particularly disinfectant-tolerant viruses such as HAV, HEV, Parvoviridae (such as B19V). […] For some products, a claim of virucidal PLUS for surface disinfection without mechanical action was confirmed by proving efficacy against the MVM in a simulated-use test. […] Semi-critical medical devices must be reprocessed using the virucidal efficacy spectrum in accordance with the recommendation of the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control (KRINKO) and the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM).

• #16 Hygiene and disinfection measures for parvovirus B19 infections | Publisso

  https://journals.publisso.de/en/journals/hic/volume20/dgkh000534

  For chemothermal instrument disinfection (40C), testing against the MVM is required to claim the virucidal efficacy range. Virucidal disinfectants for chemothermal instrument disinfection procedures (40C) are therefore effective against B19V. […] For the chemothermal disinfection of laundry, testing against MVM is also included as part of the virucidal claim. Therefore, virucidal laundry disinfectants tested accordingly are also effective against B19V. […] Preventing the exposure to parvovirus B19V prophylaxis is difficult, as infectivity exists before the usual symptoms (exanthema, arthropathy) appear and many infections are asymptomatic (clarify antibody status if necessary). […] Exposure prophylaxis for people at risk in the household when non-immune pregnant women, people with immunodeficiency and patients with anemia come into contact with people with or suspected of having erythema infectiosum:

• #17 No 13 – 2024

  https://en.ssi.dk/news/epi-news/2024/no-13—2024

  The virus is transmitted through droplets and via blood or vertically from mother to foetus. Transmission requires close contact and may, to some extent, be prevented through good hand hygiene. […] Targeted prophylaxis is difficult as the disease may be transmitted before symptom onset and because it may present with only mild symptoms that are similar to those of other viral infectious diseases. No vaccine is available for parvovirus B19 infection. […] Previous Danish studies have shown that the risk of infection among pregnant women is larger among women who have children and that the risk increases with the number of children in the home, which illustrates that the risk of infection is higher in homes with children.

• #18 Parvovirus B19 | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/maternity-services/pregnancy/routine-screening-tests-scans/parvovirus-b19

  Parvovirus B19 is a virus that commonly infects children. It is usually transmitted by coughing and sneezing (respiratory droplets). Hand washing is important in helping to prevent spread. […] Pregnant women are not routinely screened for past parvovirus B19 infection as there is no vaccine or preventative treatment available. […] Most women who have parvovirus in pregnancy will have healthy babies. […] It is important to remember that most babies will not be infected or affected by the virus. […] Until parvovirus infection has been ruled out you should avoid contact with other pregnant women to reduce the risk of infecting others. […] If your results show you are Parvovirus B19 antibody negative you are at risk to infection by Parvovirus B19. You will be re-tested one month after the last date of contact to see if you have developed antibodies to the virus. […] If the results show that you have the infection, you will be referred to a Specialist Fetal Medicine Clinic where you will be offered frequent ultrasound scans to check your baby’s health.

• #19 Parvovirus B19 Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/1001/p1455.html

  Infection Control and Prevention […] Children with erythema infectiosum are not infectious and can attend school and day care. Hospital isolation measures are not necessary if admission is required for another disorder. […] Patients hospitalized with transient aplastic crisis from parvovirus B19 superimposed on chronic anemia should be kept in droplet isolation to prevent nosocomial spread and minimize health care worker exposure. […] Pregnant women who are exposed to children at home or at the workplace should be counseled about the risks of parvovirus B19 infection. Given the high prevalence of parvovirus B19 in the community, the high rate of silent infection and the low risk of adverse effects on the fetus, routine exclusion of pregnant women from the workplace where erythema infectiosum is present is not recommended. […] Health care workers who are pregnant should be informed of the preventive measures they can take to lower the risk of transmission, such as not caring for immunocompromised patients with acute or chronic parvovirus infection. Serologic testing, if available, may be offered to determine susceptibility in women at increased risk of exposure to parvovirus B19.

• #20

  https://www.irishcollegeofgps.ie/InfectionControl

  In 2024, there has been an increase in detected cases of parvovirus B19 both in Ireland and internationally. […] View Occupational advice for non-immune pregnant women who are contacts of one or more highly suspected or confirmed case of parvovirus B19 infection (B19). […] Non-immune women under 22/40 should not work in settings where there is a current outbreak of B19. […] Non-immune women under 22/40 exposed to a single case of known or highly suspected B19 may need to stay off work details are available in the guidance linked above.

• #21 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  There is currently no licensed vaccine for parvovirus B19. […] Screening of donated blood components before transfusion for patients with sickle cell disease and other congenital anaemias, immunocompromised hosts and women during pregnancy. […] All pregnant healthcare workers should have a risk assessment carried out by their employer – depending on the workplace, this may include avoiding scenarios in which they may be exposed to parvovirus. […] Children with parvovirus infectiosum do not need to stay off school or nursery, as once they have the rash they are no longer infectious. […] Patients infected with parvovirus B19 are considered non-infectious one day after the rash begins.

• #22

  https://journals.lww.com/ijjt/fulltext/2018/12040/management_of_chronic_parvovirus_infection_in.4.aspx

  Parvovirus (PV) infection is a rare cause of persistent anemia in kidney transplant recipients. […] Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has shown to improve anemia but persistence of PV is common after treatment. […] He was managed with monthly IVIg prophylactic therapy for 6 months following which he had complete clearance of PV. […] Monthly prophylaxis therapy with higher dose delivery of IVIg can result in the clearance of PV and relapse-free response. […] It also provides an insight into successful treatment of chronic recurrent PV infection with prophylactic IVIg monthly therapy. […] In view of anemia requiring repeated blood transfusion and persistently positive PV PCR, he was treated with a prophylaxis regimen of IVIg (1 g/kg for 2 days) monthly doses for 6 months.

• #22

  https://journals.lww.com/ijjt/fulltext/2018/12040/management_of_chronic_parvovirus_infection_in.4.aspx

  Prophylaxis therapy using higher dose delivery of monthly IVIg (1 g/kg for 2 days) can result in complete clearance of PV and the result is relapse-free response. […] However, further studies would be required to determine the frequency of viral DNA PCR testing in patients treated for PV with monthly IVIg and the duration of prophylaxis therapy required for eradication of PV load.

• #23 Parvovirus B19 Infection – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/infectious-diseases/parvovirus-infection.html

  Parvovirus spreads easily. If you or your child have been near someone with parvovirus or fifth disease, then you have been exposed to the virus. […] If your child has parvovirus, they should stay away from people who: Have sickle cell disease or other red blood cell disorder, Have weak immune systems, Are pregnant. Parvovirus can harm unborn babies. […] To help prevent the spread of germs, everyone should follow simple steps: Stay away from people who are sick, Wash your hands often, Cover coughs and sneezes, Avoid touching your nose, mouth, and eyes, Stay home if you don’t feel well. […] How can I prevent parvovirus infection?

• #24 Parvovirus B19 in Pregnancy | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/parvovirus-b19-in-pregnancy.html

  Patients should follow core prevention strategies to prevent the spread of parvovirus B19. […] Healthcare providers should follow recommended infection control practices to help prevent the spread of Parvovirus B19. […] Healthcare providers who are pregnant should know about the potential risks and discuss this with their doctor and occupational health provider.

• #25 90. Parvovirus | Healthcare-Associated Pathogens and Diseases | Table of Contents | APIC

  https://text.apic.org/toc/healthcare-associated-pathogens-and-diseases/parvovirus

  Human parvovirus B19 is an enterovirus and the causative agent of erythema infectiosum. This illness, with its characteristic rash, commonly occurs during childhood and produces long-lasting immunity. […] The risk for transmission is minimized with appropriate infection prevention practices, such as hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and Droplet Precautions.

• #26 Parvovirus B19 (Erythema Infectiosum, Fifth Disease) | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617778/all/Parvovirus_B19__Erythema_Infectiosum_Fifth_Disease_?q=B19+Parvovirus

  B19 transmission can be decreased through routine infection prevention practices, including hand hygiene and appropriate disposal of contaminated facial tissues. […] For hospitalized children with suspected aplastic crisis, immunocompromised patients with chronic infection and anemia, and patients with papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS) secondary to B19, droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions are recommended. […] Due to the potential risks to the fetus from B19 infections, pregnant health care workers should adhere to strict infection control procedures and avoid contact with immunocompromised hosts with B19 infection or those with aplastic crisis. […] Due to high prevalence of B19 in the community, routine exclusion of pregnant women from the workplace where B19 infections are suspected (e.g., schools, child care) is not recommended.

• #27 Parvovirus B19 | NIAS

  https://nias.hscni.net/other/ipc-resource/parvovirus-b19/

  IPC Precautions should be used. […] Hand Hygiene should be completed as per the 5 moments in line with usual practice. […] If appropriate PPE is worn there is no follow up required for staff. […] There is no prophylaxis required.

• #28

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx

  Good hand hygiene is the best way to prevent the spread of fifth disease in school, child care, and at home. Remind children to cough or sneeze into a tissue or their elbow, but not their hand, and to throw away used tissues. It is also important to make sure surfaces and objects are cleaned and sanitized regularly. […] Pregnant people who are exposed to fifth disease may need to have additional tests and should see their obstetrician or health care provider. A blood test for parvovirus B19 antibodies may indicate that you are protected (immunity) against fifth disease. It can tell you whether you have had a recent or past infection.

• #29 Canine parvovirus | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-parvovirus

  Canine parvovirus infection is a highly contagious disease caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). […] Vaccination and other preventive measures—including good hygiene—are key to avoiding canine parvovirus infection. […] To reduce gaps in immunity and provide the best protection against canine parvovirus during the first few months of life, a series of vaccinations is recommended. […] To maintain protection, a booster dose of the combination vaccine is recommended within one year after the last dose in the initial vaccination series. […] These additional measures also can help protect your dog and other animals from canine parvovirus and other infectious agents: Until the initial vaccination series is complete, use caution when bringing puppies to places where dogs gather. […] Choose establishments and training programs that require up-to-date vaccinations, health examinations, good hygiene, and isolation of sick puppies and dogs.

• #29 Canine parvovirus | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-parvovirus

  Keep your dog away from other dogs when sick, including other dogs within your home. […] Avoid contact with known infected dogs and their premises. […] Keep your dog away from other dogs’ feces. […] Routinely collect and properly dispose of your dog’s feces. […] If you’ve been in contact with dogs with or exposed to parvovirus, avoid handling other dogs, or wash your hands and change your clothes before doing so.

• #30 Canine parvovirus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_parvovirus

  CPV2 is an extremely virulent and contagious virus; the only reliable way to prevent infection is by vaccination. Puppies are generally vaccinated in a series of doses, extending from the earliest time that the immunity derived from the mother wears off until after that passive immunity is definitely gone. Vaccines are performed starting at 78 weeks of age, with a booster given every 24 weeks until at least 16 weeks of age. Older puppies (16 weeks or older) are given at least two vaccinations 2 to 4 weeks apart. The duration of immunity of vaccines for CPV2 has been tested for all major vaccine manufacturers in the United States and has been found to be at least three years after the initial puppy series and a booster 1 year later. […] A dog that successfully recovers from CPV2 generally remains contagious for up to three weeks, but it is possible it may remain contagious for up to six. CPV2 is an extremely resilient virus once it has been shed through the feces into the environment. CPV2 has been found to survive indoors for months and outdoors in moist environments for years. It can survive in extremely low and high temperatures, and is resistant to many chemical disinfectants.

• #30 Canine parvovirus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_parvovirus

  Kindred Biosciences, a biopharmaceutical company, is developing a monoclonal antibody as a prophylactic therapy to prevent clinical signs of parvovirus infection and also as treatment of established parvovirus infection. In 2021, Kindred Biosciences announced the completion of a pivotal efficacy study showing a 100% survival rate for dogs treated with KIND-030 compared to a 41% survival rate for dogs treated with placebo. […] In May 2023, the USDA granted Elanco Animal Health conditional approval to develop a Canine Parvovirus Monoclonal Antibody (CPMA) which targets the virus instead of its symptoms. Initial distribution of CPMA to veterinarians began in July 2023.

• #31 Canine Parvovirus – Digestive System – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/diseases-of-the-stomach-and-intestines-in-small-animals/canine-parvovirus

  Dogs with confirmed or suspected CPV enteritis must be handled with strict isolation procedures (eg, isolation housing, gowning and gloving of personnel, frequent and thorough cleaning, footbaths, etc) […] To prevent and control CPV, vaccination with a modified-live vaccine is recommended at 6-8, 10-12, and 14-16 weeks of age, followed by a booster administered 1 year later and then every 3 years. […] CPV can remain viable in the environment for an extended period. […] In a kennel, shelter, or hospital situation, cages and equipment should be cleaned, disinfected, and dried twice before reuse. […] In a home situation, only fully vaccinated puppies (at 6, 8, and 12 weeks) or fully vaccinated adult dogs should be introduced into the home of a dog recently diagnosed with CPV enteritis.

• #32

  https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/26/2024-03783/draft-infection-control-in-healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-and-control-of-selected-infections

  The updated recommendations in the Draft Guideline: Cytomegalovirus and Parvovirus B19 Sections are intended for use by the leaders and staff of Occupational Health Services (OHS), as further provided herein. […] These updated recommendations will help facilitate the provision of occupational infection prevention and control services to healthcare personnel (HCP) who have been exposed or infected and may be contagious to others in the workplace. […] The draft recommendations in Draft Guideline: Cytomegalovirus and Parvovirus B19 Sections update the 1998 recommendations with current guidance on the management of HCP exposed to or potentially infected with cytomegalovirus or parvovirus B19, focusing on postexposure management, including postexposure prophylaxis, for exposed HCP and work restrictions for exposed or infected HCP. […] The accompanying Draft Source Control Definition will be added to the Infection Control in Healthcare Personnel Terminology Appendix because the term Source Control is used in the Draft Guideline: Parvovirus B19 Section, and may be used in subsequent sections.

• #33 Canine Parvovirus | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

  https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/baker-institute/research-baker-institute/canine-parvovirus

  Three decades after its first appearance, CPV strikes puppies with deadly disease much less frequently due to the development of effective vaccines in the late 1970s, but outbreaks still occur frequently, and vaccinating your dog is of the utmost importance. […] Since the advent of a number of effective canine vaccinations for CPV, this infectious disease has become much less of a threat to dogs. This does not mean, however, that CPV does not remain a serious problem, and vaccination of your dog should not be considered an option it is a must. […] A number of effective canine vaccinations for CPV are available, but CPV remains a serious problem, and vaccination of your dog should not be considered an option it is a must. […] If your home and yard have been contaminated by an infected dog, there are steps you can take to disinfect them before introducing a new dog or puppy. […] Cleaning with a solution of one part bleach mixed with approximately 30 parts water is an acceptable method for disinfecting any indoor area (including bedding, food/water bowls, and all surfaces) that once housed an infected dog.

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