Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Parvovirus B19: Infection, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16633-parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus B19 is a common virus that usually causes mild symptoms. In kids, it often causes a rash. In adults, its more likely to cause joint pain. It often goes away on its own in about a week, though joint pain can last longer. Rarely, it can cause anemia. If you get a parvovirus infection while pregnant, youre at a higher risk for miscarriage or stillbirth. […] A parvovirus infection in kids is more likely to cause a rash. As an adult, you might not have a rash, but instead have joint pain similar to arthritis. This can last for weeks or months. […] Symptoms of a parvovirus infection include: Rash. This most commonly appears on kids faces but it could appear anywhere. Joint pain. Fever. Headache. Cough. Sore throat. […] The rash that parvovirus B19 causes often appears on kids faces and is sometimes called a slapped cheek rash, because of how it looks. Its usually bright red and can have a lacy appearance. The rash is also called fifth disease. This isnt common in adults.

• #1 Health Alert Network (HAN) – 00514 | Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States

  https://www.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00514.html

  Parvovirus B19 infection can be transmitted during pregnancy (i.e., from mother to the fetus) or through transfusion of blood components and certain plasma derivates. […] Although many people with parvovirus B19 infection are asymptomatic, immunocompetent children and adults with symptomatic disease typically develop a biphasic illness. The first phase of illness is characterized by symptoms of fever, myalgia, and malaise and develops approximately 7 days after infection. This phase lasts approximately 5 days. People with parvovirus B19 infection are most contagious during the first phase, when viral loads in respiratory secretions and saliva are highest. During the second phase of illness (approximately 7-10 days after the first phase), children often present with a characteristic facial rash (erythema infectiosum, or slapped cheek appearance), which may be followed by reticulated body rash or joint pain (arthralgia) 1-4 days later. In immunocompetent adults, the most common symptoms of parvovirus B19 disease typically occur during the second phase and include a reticular rash on the trunk and joint pain (arthralgia).

• #1 Parvovirus B19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19

  Two out of ten infected people do not experience any symptoms but are still highly infective. The B19V infection starts with flu-like symptoms consisting fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, joint pain and rash. […] Symptoms begin some six days after exposure (between 4 and 28 days, with the average being 16 to 17 days) and last about a week. The rash that children experience will appear after few days after the initial symptoms and can spread all over the body. […] Infected patients with normal immune systems are contagious before becoming symptomatic, but probably not after. […] Immunocompromised patients (organ transplant, HIV etc.) are prone to complications that affect the nerves, joints or bloodstream. […] The disease commences with high fever and malaise, when the virus is most abundant in the bloodstream, and patients are usually no longer infectious once the characteristic rash of this disease has appeared. The following symptoms are characteristic: A usual brief viral prodrome with fever, headache, nausea, diarrhea. As the fever breaks, a red rash forms on the cheeks, with relative pallor around the mouth („slapped cheek rash”), sparing the nasolabial folds, forehead, and mouth. „Lace-like, (reticular)” red rash on trunk or extremities then follows the facial rash. Infection in adults usually only involves the reticular rash, with multiple joint pain predominating. Exacerbation of rash by sunlight, heat, stress.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  Common symptoms of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection include a mild nonspecific prodromal illness that may consist of fever (15-30% of patients), malaise, headache, myalgia, nausea, and rhinorrhea; typically beginning 5-7 days after initial infection. […] These symptoms correspond to the initial viremia and dissipate in 2-3 days. […] Approximately 1 week later, a bright red macular exanthem appears on the cheeks and is often associated with circumoral pallor. […] A diffuse maculopapular rash can appear 1-4 days later and fades to a lacy erythematous rash, which may be pruritic and may spread gradually toward the distal extremities. […] Most seropositive patients have no history of this classic biphasic illness. […] The clinical symptoms widely vary, and the classic „slapped cheek” rash is much more common in young children.

• #1 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus infection symptoms may be asymptomatic (about 25% of infections) or it may present only with nonspecific coryzal symptoms (common). […] Prodromal symptoms usually start around a week following exposure to parvovirus B19. They are usually mild and may include headache, rhinitis, sore throat, low-grade fever and malaise. Less commonly, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain or arthralgia may develop. […] Following the prodromal phase, patients are usually symptom-free for around 7-10 days and then the classic 'slapped cheek’ rash usually appears as erythema on the cheeks, sparing the nose, perioral and periorbital regions. This disappears after 2-4 days. […] About 1-4 days after the facial rash appears, an erythematous macular/morbilliform rash develops on the extremities, mainly on the extensor surfaces. It is usually not itchy in young children but may be itchy in older children and adults. This gradually fades over the subsequent 3-21 days but may recur in reaction to various stimuli, such as exercise, heat and sunlight.

• #1 Learn About Parvovirus B19 – Cambridge Public Health Department

  https://www.cambridgepublichealth.org/learn-about-parvovirus-b19/

  The CDC is monitoring increased parvovirus B19 activity in the US. Currently there are no reports of parvovirus in Cambridge. […] Parvovirus B19 is usually mild, and most children and adults get better without any problems. Some people have no symptoms and never even feel sick. […] If symptoms do develop, the first stage of symptoms of parvovirus B19 includes headache, body ache, sore throat, mild fever, and chills. These symptoms last for two or three days and may be indistinguishable from other viral illnesses. […] In the second stage, there are no symptoms at all for up to a week. […] In the third stage, children get a bright red rash on their cheeks that can look like slap marks. This “slapped-cheek” rash is sometimes followed by a lace-like rash on their arms and legs. Despite the rash, children generally continue to feel well during this time.

• #1 Parvovirus infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085

  A bright red rash on the cheeks is a distinctive sign of parvovirus infection. […] Most people with parvovirus infection have no signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary greatly depending on how old you are when you get the disease. […] Early signs and symptoms of parvovirus infection in children may include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose. […] Several days after the appearance of early symptoms, a distinctive bright red rash may appear on your child’s face usually on both cheeks. Eventually it may spread to the arms, trunk, thighs and buttocks, where the rash has a pink, lacy, slightly raised appearance. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. […] Generally, the rash occurs near the end of the illness. It’s possible to mistake the rash for other viral rashes or a medicine-related rash. The rash may come and go for up to three weeks, becoming more visible when your child is exposed to extreme temperatures or spends time in the sun. […] Adults don’t usually develop the slapped-cheek rash. Instead, the most noticeable symptom of parvovirus infection in adults is joint soreness, lasting days to weeks. Joints most commonly affected are the hands, wrists, knees and ankles.

• #1 Canine parvovirus | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-parvovirus

  Canine parvovirus infection is a highly contagious disease caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). There are several strains of CPV-2, and all produce similar signs. The disease they cause is commonly called “parvo.” […] The signs of parvovirus infection vary from dog to dog, depending on the severity of the infection. These are some important signs to watch out for: Lethargy, Loss of appetite, Vomiting, Severe, often bloody, diarrhea, Abdominal pain and bloating, Fever or low body temperature (hypothermia). […] If your dog shows any of these signs, immediately contact your veterinarian. Persistent vomiting and diarrhea can quickly cause dehydration, and damage to the intestines and immune system can cause septic shock. This can lead to death, with most deaths occurring within 48 to 72 hours after signs first appear.

• #1 Parvovirus infection | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/parvovirus-infection

  Most people with parvovirus infection have no signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary greatly depending on how old you are when you get the disease. […] Early signs and symptoms of parvovirus infection in children may include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose. […] Several days after the appearance of early symptoms, a distinctive bright red rash may appear on your child’s face usually on both cheeks. Eventually it may spread to the arms, trunk, thighs and buttocks, where the rash has a pink, lacy, slightly raised appearance. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. […] Generally, the rash occurs near the end of the illness. It’s possible to mistake the rash for other viral rashes or a medicine-related rash. The rash may come and go for up to three weeks, becoming more visible when your child is exposed to extreme temperatures or spends time in the sun. […] Adults don’t usually develop the slapped-cheek rash. Instead, the most noticeable symptom of parvovirus infection in adults is joint soreness, lasting days to weeks. Joints most commonly affected are the hands, wrists, knees and ankles.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  More recently, parvovirus B19 has been recognized as a cause of atypical rash illness in adults, as well as a host of less common manifestations. […] The cause of parvovirus B19 rash is believed to be immunologically mediated, and the rash corresponds to the appearance of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum. […] This signals the clearance of viremia. […] Recurrence of the rash (lasting for weeks or more) may be provoked by sunlight, stress, or exercise and does not indicate relapsed infection. […] Alternatively, parvovirus B19 infection may manifest with purpuric rash, erythema multiforme, or pruritus of the soles of the feet. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause a papular-purpuric „gloves-and-socks” syndrome (PPGSS), which manifests as an erythematous exanthem of the hands and feet with a distinct margin at the wrist and ankle joints.

• #1 Parvovirus B19

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ID/Virus/PrvrsB9.htm

  Symptoms (more severe in adults) […] Children are often asymptomatic […] Prodromal symptoms (precede rash by 2 weeks) […] Low grade fever […] Gastrointestinal Upset […] Coryza […] Headache […] Pharyngitis […] Subsequent symptoms […] Pruritic exanthem in children (see below) […] Myalgia and Arthralgia (see below) […] […] […] Rash (more common in children) […] Stage 1 (onset within 2 weeks of prodromal symptoms) […] Cheek erythema („Slapped Cheek”) appearance on face […] Circumoral pallor […] Facial erythema spares the chin and periorbital region […] Stage 2 (follows facial rash by 1-4 days) […] Lacy-reticular maculopapular (blotchy) rash […] Involves trunk and extremities for 1-6 weeks […] Rash is pruritic […] […]

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection in Adults: A Case Series

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273075/

  All three cases exhibited the triad of arthralgia, joint swelling, and, in two cases, skin rash, underscoring the importance of considering parvovirus infection in the differential diagnosis when these symptoms are present. […] Joint symptoms occur in about 60% of infected adults, more commonly in women (59%) than in men (30%), often presenting as acute-onset symmetric polyarticular arthritis primarily affecting small joints, such as the PIP and MCP joints. […] This case series underscores the importance of considering parvovirus B19 infection in adults presenting with non-specific flu-like symptoms, joint pain, swelling, and skin rashes. Heightened clinical awareness and timely serological testing for parvovirus B19 are essential to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary referrals to other specialties.

• #1 Parvovirus B19

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ID/Virus/PrvrsB9.htm

  Incidence in Parvovirus infection […] Children: 8% […] Adults: 60% (twice as likely in women than men) […] Arthralgia and Arthritis course […] Onset 1-3 weeks following initial infection […] Improves in most patients by 2 weeks […] Treated with NSAIDs for analgesia […] Self limited course in 90% of patients […] Prolonged Arthritis in 10% may last up to 10 years […] Morning stiffness

• #1 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  Arthropathy may present as symmetrical arthropathy, affecting the hands, wrists, knees and ankles. The symptoms usually resolve within a few days but in some cases persist for two months or longer. An acute arthropathy is more common in adults than in children and it is more common in women. The joint pain usually worsens throughout the day.

• #1 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Adults may experience joint pain without other symptoms. […] The joint pain usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks but can last for months or longer. […] Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild for children and adults who are otherwise healthy. […] Parvovirus B19 has been shown to cause a severe drop in blood count (anemia) in some patients with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system. […] If you get a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, the virus could spread to the baby. […] Parvovirus B19 infections are usually mild and will go away on their own. […] Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  Parvovirus B19 infection is not associated with chronic degenerative arthritis. […] Less than 10% of children experience arthropathy; however, in those who do, the knees are most commonly involved. […] Patients with severe anemia due to transient aplastic crisis (TAC) may present with pallor, fatigue, or signs of an aplastic crisis. […] Underlying hemoglobinopathies should be sought in these patients. […] Patients with thrombocytopenia may exhibit bruising. […] Rarely, parvovirus B19 infection manifests as myocarditis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, or encephalitis. […] B19V infection has been reported in association with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, Henoch-Schnlein purpura, and pseudoappendicitis. […] It has also been reported to precipitate hemophagocytic syndrome.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection | VisualDx

  https://www.visualdx.com/resources/public-health/parvovirus-b19-infection/

  Arthropathy is a common manifestation of parvovirus B19 infection among adults and also occurs in approximately 5% of infected children. […] Transient aplastic crisis (TAC) can occur following parvovirus B19 infection among individuals with pre-existing hematologic abnormalities that lead to decreased erythrocyte counts, including sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and iron deficiency anemia. […] Chronic red blood cell aplasia is most common among immunocompromised individuals (eg, individuals with HIV infection, cancer, or congenital immunodeficiencies and organ transplant recipients) with persistent parvovirus B19 infection due to their inability to mount an effective immune response. […] Vertical transmission of parvovirus B19 infection from mother to child may lead to hydrops fetalis, miscarriage, or intrauterine death.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-overview

  Although decreases in hemoglobin levels of greater than 1 g/dL are rare in healthy children infected with parvovirus B19, decreases of 2-6 g/dL may be observed in patients with hemoglobinopathies or hemolytic anemias. […] Parvovirus B19 infection in otherwise healthy children and adults has an extremely low mortality rate. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (eg, receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs or have immune defects [congenital and acquired]) may develop chronic parvovirus B19 infection that results in chronic anemia. […] Hydrops fetalis, perhaps the most serious complication of parvovirus B19 infection, may occur when a nonimmune woman is infected, usually in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Parvovirus B19 infection is the most common cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis and can result in fetal death in 2-6% of cases.

• #1 Health Alert Network (HAN) – 00514 | Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States

  https://www.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00514.html

  Laboratory tests conducted during acute illness can demonstrate a transient decrease in absolute reticulocyte counts lasting approximately 10 days, mild anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukopenia. Most people require only supportive care during the acute phase of illness and will recover completely. Severe outcomes from parvovirus B19 disease, such as myocarditis, hepatitis, or encephalitis, are rare. […] Parvovirus B19 infection can lead to adverse health outcomes among people without pre-existing immunity who are immunocompromised or have chronic hemolytic disorders and among pregnant women. During pregnancy, most cases of fetal parvovirus B19 infection resolve spontaneously without adverse outcomes. However, the risk of an adverse fetal outcome (e.g., fetal anemia, non-immune hydrops, or fetal loss) is 5-10%, and is highest when acute infection occurs between gestational weeks 9-20.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01831-6

  The rate of transmission of maternal B19V infection to the fetus ranges from 17 to 33%, with the highest risk occurring between 9 and 20 weeks of gestation. In most cases, the infection resolves without any adverse consequences. However, the potential effects of B19V infection during pregnancy include spontaneous abortion and non-immune hydrops fetalis.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  In rare cases, parvovirus B19 has been implicated in fatal myocarditis in transplant patients, and has been implicated as a cause of endothelial dysfunction in patients with diastolic dysfunction. […] Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women may result in hydrops fetalis, particularly when infection occurs before 20 weeks’ gestation. […] In the United States, the most common etiology of hydrops fetalis is parvovirus B19 infection. […] Neurologic manifestations associated with parvovirus B19 infection widely vary. […] Peripheral nervous system involvement such as neuropathy may be seen more frequently in older immunocompetent individuals. […] CNS involvement, including meningitis, encephalitis, and seizure, has been demonstrated in younger children and immunocompromised patients. […] Many individuals may experience asymptomatic or unrecognized infection.

• #1 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  In healthy children and adults, fifth disease very rarely causes complications. […] About 10% of adults who get a parvovirus B19 infection develop chronic (long-term) parvovirus-associated arthritis in several joints, or polyarthritis. […] If you’re pregnant and develop fifth disease (parvovirus B19 infection), it can spread to the fetus and cause complications, including: […] The fifth disease rash should fade within five to 10 days after it develops. […] If your child develops a second rash, it should go away in seven to 10 days. But in some cases, the rash can come and go for several weeks.

• #1 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease has 3 stages: […] The first stage (incubation period) lasts 7 to 14 days. This is when the child can spread the disease to others without knowing. Mild fever […] Mild headache […] Cold-like symptoms (stuffy or runny nose, sore throat) […] Fatigue […] Mild muscle or joint pain and swelling, especially in older children and women. […] Second stage starts 2 to 3 weeks after exposure. This is when the child is no longer contagious. Bright red, slapped cheek rash on face […] Rash fades after 5 to 10 days. […] Third stage may last 1 to 3 weeks. Rash spreads to chest, arms and thighs […] Looks blotchy and like lace […] May be itchy but is painless. The rash may come back after several weeks. It can be triggered by sunlight, exercise, extremes of heat or cold or emotional stress.

• #1 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  A parvovirus B19 infection often starts with flu-like symptoms, which are usually mild. During this time, the virus is most contagious. These symptoms include: […] It can take several days after the onset of flu-like symptoms for the raised, bright red rash (fifth disease) to show up on your child’s face. The rash may be itchy. Children typically no longer have flu-like symptoms once the rash appears. […] About 10% of children with fifth disease also experience joint pain and swelling. […] Adults who are infected with parvovirus B19 often develop flu-like symptoms without the rash. Along with those symptoms, about 80% of adults also develop joint pain in their wrists, hands and knees. […] Fifth disease (a red rash) typically appears four to 14 days after your child is infected with parvovirus B19.

• #1 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease typically presents as a rash and is most common in children. Parvovirus B19 can affect people of all ages; about two out of ten persons infected will have no symptoms. […] The symptoms of fifth disease are usually mild and may start as a fever, headache or a runny nose. These symptoms pass, then a few days later, the rash appears. The bright red rash most commonly appears in the face, particularly the cheeks. Children infected typically go through 3 stages; first when the rash appears on the face. This is a defining symptom of the infection in children (hence the name „slapped cheek disease”). In addition to red cheeks, the second stage consists of children developing a red, lacy rash on the rest of the body, with the upper arms, torso, and legs being the most common locations. The rash typically lasts a few days and may itch; some cases have been known to last for several weeks. People are usually no longer infectious once the rash has appeared.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/1001/p1455.html

  The third stage of the illness occurs one to four days after the appearance of the facial exanthem and is characterized by the appearance of a lacy, erythematous, maculopapular exanthem on the trunk and extremities. […] It has become increasingly clear over the past several years that parvovirus B19 causes arthritis and arthralgias in adults and children. […] Because parvovirus B19 infects erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and causes temporary cessation of red blood cell production, patients who have underlying hematologic abnormalities are prone to cessation of red blood cell production if they become infected. […] The likelihood of a healthy outcome is very high after parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. However, parvovirus infection can lead to fetal infection, possibly resulting in miscarriage or nonimmune hydrops fetalis.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  It is mainly seen in young adults and initially presents with painful erythema and induration of the hands and feet. […] Less commonly, the penis, vulva, thighs, cheeks, and elbows may be involved. […] This syndrome occurs exclusively with parvovirus B19 infection and is an uncommon manifestation. […] The skin changes may progress to petechia, purpura, and bulla with skin sloughing. […] PPGSS usually resolves in 1-3 weeks without scaring. […] Transient small joint arthropathy may be the main clinical presentation of parvovirus B19 in adults. […] Most have some joint pain, but few progress to frank arthritis. […] In general, the timing of joint symptoms coincide with the expected onset of rash in children. […] Arthritis usually improves in 1-3 weeks but may persist for months.

• #1 What to Know About Human Parvovirus B19

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2024/human-parvovirus-b19.html

  Parvovirus, a highly contagious bug spread by respiratory droplets, typically causes mild illness in healthy individuals. Plenty of people dont experience symptoms, but those who do may have a fever, headache, cough, sore throat, joint pain and a rash that, when on the face, can look like a slapped cheek. […] Common symptoms from an infection can include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose, Rash (more common in kids), Joint pain (more common in adults). […] When those get wiped out by this virus, and you cant keep up with the demand, you can get very, very life-threateningly anemic. […] Other complications from an infection can include encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). […] A classic parvovirus symptom in children is the slapped cheek rash on the face that typically appears a few days after a fever and flu-like symptoms. Adults can also get a rash from a parvovirus infection later into the disease, though sometimes this appears on the hands and feet. However a more common symptom among adults is joint pain usually in smaller joints, like in the hands, wrists and ankles. […] Joint pain can persist for weeks, sometimes for months or longer. […] Usually by the time an infected person develops a rash or joint pain they are no longer contagious; people are most contagious during the first few days of symptoms.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx

  The symptoms in the first phase are fever, muscle aches and tiredness. […] The virus can affect the way the body makes red blood cells, the cells that carry oxygen through the body. This puts children who have a blood disorder or weak immune system at serious risk if they catch the virus. […] The virus can also cause red blood cell counts to drop so low that a blood transfusion is needed. […] Most times, fifth disease does not cause problems in pregnancy. Rarely, serious problems can occur if the virus gets passed on in the early stages of pregnancy and makes it hard for the fetus to make red blood cells. This can lead to severe anemia in the baby and risk of miscarriage. […] If you think your child may have fifth disease, it’s okay to call your pediatrician’s office with questions. Your child may need to see the doctor if their symptoms seem to be getting worse instead of better.

• #1 Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0201/p373.html

  The virus causes a cessation of erythrocyte production. […] This can be life threatening, although most patients make a full recovery within two weeks. […] Patients present with fatigue and pallor caused by anemia, which can be severe, prolonged, or recurrent. […] Parvovirus B19 has been associated with papular, purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, although a causative relationship has not been proven. […] Symptoms usually resolve within one to three weeks without scarring. […] The combination of severe anemia and myocarditis can cause congestive heart failure and hydrops fetalis. […] If acute infection is confirmed, serial ultrasonography (weekly or biweekly) should be performed for 10 to 12 weeks after initial infection to prevent hydrops fetalis. […] If erythema infectiosum is present, a clinical diagnosis can be made without laboratory testing.

• #1 Parvovirus: What parents should know – CHOC – Children’s health hub

  https://health.choc.org/parvovirus-what-parents-should-know/

  Dr. Pellman says the incubation period – or the time it takes to develop symptoms after exposure – is 4 to 14 days. […] Fifth disease or slapped cheek disease, caused by parvovirus, is contagious before the rash appears, when the symptoms seem like that of a common cold or even when no symptoms are present. By the time the rashes appear, the person is no longer contagious. […] There is no medication to kill the parvovirus. If the itching causes discomfort, you can use an anti-itch medication like cetirizine. If the joint ache is uncomfortable, you can use ibuprofen. In most cases, the illness is so mild that doctors don’t need to administer treatment. […] First, Dr. Pellman says, the infection slows down red blood cell production temporarily. This is not a problem unless that child cannot tolerate a slowed down red blood cell production. This could be an issue in children that have hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease or that have illnesses that already have a slowed down blood cell production issue like many cancers, such as leukemia.

• #1 Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0201/p373.html

  If laboratory testing is needed, there are two types of diagnostic tests to confirm parvovirus B19 infection: B19-specific antibody testing and viral DNA testing. […] Generally, erythema infectiosum is self-limited and does not require treatment. […] Patients in transient aplastic crisis may require erythrocyte transfusions while the marrow recovers.

• #1 CDC HAN: Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States – King County, Washington

  https://kingcounty.gov/ko-kr/dept/dph/health-safety/disease-illness/health-advisories/2024/august-13-han

  Parvovirus B19 infection can lead to adverse health outcomes among people without pre-existing immunity who are pregnant, immunocompromised, or have chronic hemolytic disorders. During pregnancy, most cases of fetal parvovirus B19 infection resolve spontaneously without adverse outcomes. However, the risk of an adverse fetal outcome (e.g., fetal anemia, non-immune hydrops, or fetal loss) is 510%, and is highest when acute infection occurs between gestational weeks 920. Treatment for acute infection in the pregnant individual is supportive, and management includes monitoring for and treating severe fetal anemia. Furthermore, parvovirus B19 can cause chronic or transient aplastic anemia among people with severely immunocompromising conditions (e.g., leukemia or other cancers, organ transplant, HIV infection, receiving chemotherapy) or chronic hemolytic disorders (e.g., sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis). Red blood cell transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin are the mainstays of treatment for aplastic anemia.

• #1 Parvovirus B19: Infection, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16633-parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus rash can also appear on other parts of your body, like your arms, legs, chest, back or butt. It might be itchy. It can last a week or two or come and go for several weeks. […] Complications of parvovirus B19 include: Severe anemia. Parvovirus can affect your bodys ability to make red blood cells. Pregnancy loss. Getting a parvovirus infection while youre pregnant can put you at a higher risk for miscarriage or stillbirth. Hydrops fetalis. This is a serious condition that can happen if youre pregnant and have a parvovirus infection. The condition causes fluid to build up inside the fetus. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rarely, kids can develop long-lasting joint pain and swelling after a parvovirus infection. […] Yes, parvovirus usually goes away on its own in a week or two. The rash can sometimes start to go away but then come back, coming and going for a few weeks. Joint pain can sometimes last a few months.

• #1 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-fifth-disease-basics

  About two to three weeks after you’ve been exposed to the virus, you’re no longer contagious, so you can’t spread the virus. If it’s your child who is sick, this is when you might see a bright red rash on their cheeks, which is why some people call the infection slapped cheek disease. […] At this point, if there’s a rash, it will likely spread along the chest, back, arms, and legs, and the red cheeks will fade. The body rash won’t look as red (or dark on dark skin) as it did on the face, though. It might look more blotchy or like lace, and the rash may be itchy but it won’t hurt. […] Fifth disease is a very common childhood disease, and once you’ve had the infection, you shouldn’t get it again; you’re immune. For this reason, not many adults get it. If you do get fifth disease as an adult, you typically won’t get the rash, but you could get severe flu-like symptoms (sore muscles, coughing, etc.). About 80% of adults, mostly women, who get fifth disease get joint pain in their wrists, hands, and knees.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-overview

  Parvovirus B19 infects only humans. Symptoms include a low-grade fever, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, nausea, and rhinorrhea. As the symptoms disappear, children often develop a bright red rash on the cheeks (as if they had been slapped). […] The infection is contagious in children for a few days before symptoms begin and until the symptoms disappear. When the rash appears, the infection is no longer contagious. […] In healthy adults and children, parvovirus B19 is not a serious infection. Exceptions include patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy, as well as patients with HIV infection and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), organ transplants, and other immunodeficient states. […] The incubation period from infection to initial, nonspecific symptoms ranges from 4-14 days; but cases have been reported as long as 21 days after exposure. The rash and joint symptoms usually occur 2-3 weeks after initial infection. Patients are most contagious in the few days preceding rash.

• #1 Parvovirus B19 Infection | VisualDx

  https://www.visualdx.com/resources/public-health/parvovirus-b19-infection/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is commonly seen during the late winter to early summer. […] Clinical manifestations and severity of disease depend on host characteristics, including age, sex, and general health prior to infection. Most individuals are either asymptomatic or experience nonspecific, flu-like symptoms. Approximately 25% will experience clinical conditions associated with parvovirus B19 infection, including papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, erythema infectiosum, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, chronic red cell aplasia, and/or fetal death. […] Erythema infectiosum is the most common clinical manifestation of parvovirus B19 infection and most commonly occurs in school-aged children. This is a biphasic illness with fever, myalgias, and malaise developing about 1 week after infection. Then the characteristic erythematous malar rash (slapped-cheek rash) typically occurs 2 weeks postinfection and is associated with the development of parvovirus B19-specific antibodies.

• #2 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild in people who are otherwise healthy. […] Common symptoms include „slapped cheek” rash in children, and joint pains in adults. […] Parvovirus B19 infection usually causes no symptoms or mild illness, such as flu-like symptoms, rashes and joint pains. […] When symptoms of parvovirus B19 infection occur, they are usually mild and may include the following: Fever, Headache, Cough, Sore throat, Rashes, Joint pain. […] The clinical presentation most often associated with parvovirus B19 infection is a red rash on the face, also called a „slapped cheek” rash. […] Parvovirus B19 infection can also cause a general rash on the chest, back, buttocks, or arms and legs. […] Infection with parvovirus B19 can lead to pain and swelling in the joints, called polyarthopathy syndrome.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  Common symptoms of parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection include a mild nonspecific prodromal illness that may consist of fever (15-30% of patients), malaise, headache, myalgia, nausea, and rhinorrhea; typically beginning 5-7 days after initial infection. […] These symptoms correspond to the initial viremia and dissipate in 2-3 days. […] Approximately 1 week later, a bright red macular exanthem appears on the cheeks and is often associated with circumoral pallor. […] A diffuse maculopapular rash can appear 1-4 days later and fades to a lacy erythematous rash, which may be pruritic and may spread gradually toward the distal extremities. […] Most seropositive patients have no history of this classic biphasic illness. […] The clinical symptoms widely vary, and the classic „slapped cheek” rash is much more common in young children.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/Fifth-Disease-Parvovirus-B19.aspx

  If your child has bright red cheeks but has not been playing outdoors in the cold, it might be fifth disease. […] Many people with fifth disease have mild or no symptoms. When they do have symptoms, these may include a mild rash, fever, runny nose, muscle aches and a headache. […] Fifth disease starts off like many other viral infections. Because of this, it can be hard to know for sure if your child has it. […] A bright red rash that first appears with fifth disease is what is known as the „slapped cheek” rash. Sometimes another rash that looks lacy appears a few days later. A second rash often starts on the trunk and spreads to the arms, legs, and even the soles of the feet. It may be itchy but usually goes away after about a week. […] Symptoms usually show up 4 to 14 days after being exposed to the virus, with the slapped-cheek rash showing up about 4 to 21 days after your child gets infected.

• #2 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease has 3 stages: […] The first stage (incubation period) lasts 7 to 14 days. This is when the child can spread the disease to others without knowing. Mild fever […] Mild headache […] Cold-like symptoms (stuffy or runny nose, sore throat) […] Fatigue […] Mild muscle or joint pain and swelling, especially in older children and women. […] Second stage starts 2 to 3 weeks after exposure. This is when the child is no longer contagious. Bright red, slapped cheek rash on face […] Rash fades after 5 to 10 days. […] Third stage may last 1 to 3 weeks. Rash spreads to chest, arms and thighs […] Looks blotchy and like lace […] May be itchy but is painless. The rash may come back after several weeks. It can be triggered by sunlight, exercise, extremes of heat or cold or emotional stress.

• #2 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus infection symptoms may be asymptomatic (about 25% of infections) or it may present only with nonspecific coryzal symptoms (common). […] Prodromal symptoms usually start around a week following exposure to parvovirus B19. They are usually mild and may include headache, rhinitis, sore throat, low-grade fever and malaise. Less commonly, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain or arthralgia may develop. […] Following the prodromal phase, patients are usually symptom-free for around 7-10 days and then the classic 'slapped cheek’ rash usually appears as erythema on the cheeks, sparing the nose, perioral and periorbital regions. This disappears after 2-4 days. […] About 1-4 days after the facial rash appears, an erythematous macular/morbilliform rash develops on the extremities, mainly on the extensor surfaces. It is usually not itchy in young children but may be itchy in older children and adults. This gradually fades over the subsequent 3-21 days but may recur in reaction to various stimuli, such as exercise, heat and sunlight.

• #2 Parvovirus infection | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/parvovirus-infection

  Most people with parvovirus infection have no signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary greatly depending on how old you are when you get the disease. […] Early signs and symptoms of parvovirus infection in children may include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose. […] Several days after the appearance of early symptoms, a distinctive bright red rash may appear on your child’s face usually on both cheeks. Eventually it may spread to the arms, trunk, thighs and buttocks, where the rash has a pink, lacy, slightly raised appearance. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. […] Generally, the rash occurs near the end of the illness. It’s possible to mistake the rash for other viral rashes or a medicine-related rash. The rash may come and go for up to three weeks, becoming more visible when your child is exposed to extreme temperatures or spends time in the sun. […] Adults don’t usually develop the slapped-cheek rash. Instead, the most noticeable symptom of parvovirus infection in adults is joint soreness, lasting days to weeks. Joints most commonly affected are the hands, wrists, knees and ankles.

• #2 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  In healthy children and adults, fifth disease very rarely causes complications. […] About 10% of adults who get a parvovirus B19 infection develop chronic (long-term) parvovirus-associated arthritis in several joints, or polyarthritis. […] If you’re pregnant and develop fifth disease (parvovirus B19 infection), it can spread to the fetus and cause complications, including: […] The fifth disease rash should fade within five to 10 days after it develops. […] If your child develops a second rash, it should go away in seven to 10 days. But in some cases, the rash can come and go for several weeks.

• #2 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-fifth-disease-basics

  About two to three weeks after you’ve been exposed to the virus, you’re no longer contagious, so you can’t spread the virus. If it’s your child who is sick, this is when you might see a bright red rash on their cheeks, which is why some people call the infection slapped cheek disease. […] At this point, if there’s a rash, it will likely spread along the chest, back, arms, and legs, and the red cheeks will fade. The body rash won’t look as red (or dark on dark skin) as it did on the face, though. It might look more blotchy or like lace, and the rash may be itchy but it won’t hurt. […] Fifth disease is a very common childhood disease, and once you’ve had the infection, you shouldn’t get it again; you’re immune. For this reason, not many adults get it. If you do get fifth disease as an adult, you typically won’t get the rash, but you could get severe flu-like symptoms (sore muscles, coughing, etc.). About 80% of adults, mostly women, who get fifth disease get joint pain in their wrists, hands, and knees.

• #2 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  The rash and the entire illness typically last 5 to 10 days. However, the rash may recur for several weeks, exacerbated by sunlight, exercise, heat, fever, or emotional stress. […] A few patients (more commonly children) develop papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome (PPGSS), which causes papular, purpuric, or petechial lesions limited to the hands and feet and is often accompanied by fever and oral and/or genital lesions. […] Some adults with parvovirus B19 infection develop mild joint pain and swelling (nonerosive arthritis) that may persist or recur for weeks to months.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection in Adults: A Case Series

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273075/

  All three cases exhibited the triad of arthralgia, joint swelling, and, in two cases, skin rash, underscoring the importance of considering parvovirus infection in the differential diagnosis when these symptoms are present. […] Joint symptoms occur in about 60% of infected adults, more commonly in women (59%) than in men (30%), often presenting as acute-onset symmetric polyarticular arthritis primarily affecting small joints, such as the PIP and MCP joints. […] This case series underscores the importance of considering parvovirus B19 infection in adults presenting with non-specific flu-like symptoms, joint pain, swelling, and skin rashes. Heightened clinical awareness and timely serological testing for parvovirus B19 are essential to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary referrals to other specialties.

• #2 What to Know About Human Parvovirus B19

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2024/human-parvovirus-b19.html

  Parvovirus, a highly contagious bug spread by respiratory droplets, typically causes mild illness in healthy individuals. Plenty of people dont experience symptoms, but those who do may have a fever, headache, cough, sore throat, joint pain and a rash that, when on the face, can look like a slapped cheek. […] Common symptoms from an infection can include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose, Rash (more common in kids), Joint pain (more common in adults). […] When those get wiped out by this virus, and you cant keep up with the demand, you can get very, very life-threateningly anemic. […] Other complications from an infection can include encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). […] A classic parvovirus symptom in children is the slapped cheek rash on the face that typically appears a few days after a fever and flu-like symptoms. Adults can also get a rash from a parvovirus infection later into the disease, though sometimes this appears on the hands and feet. However a more common symptom among adults is joint pain usually in smaller joints, like in the hands, wrists and ankles. […] Joint pain can persist for weeks, sometimes for months or longer. […] Usually by the time an infected person develops a rash or joint pain they are no longer contagious; people are most contagious during the first few days of symptoms.

• #2 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  Arthropathy may present as symmetrical arthropathy, affecting the hands, wrists, knees and ankles. The symptoms usually resolve within a few days but in some cases persist for two months or longer. An acute arthropathy is more common in adults than in children and it is more common in women. The joint pain usually worsens throughout the day.

• #2 Fifth Disease

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/fifth-disease

  Four to 14 days after being infected with human parvovirus B19, a child may develop cold or flu-like symptoms, such as low-grade fever, fatigue and an overall feeling of ill health. […] Adults who are infected will usually have more severe flu-like symptoms but may not develop the characteristic slapped-cheek rash. However, as many as 78 percent of adults who experience symptoms will develop joint pain and swelling one to three weeks following the initial infection. Joints of the hands, wrists and knees are most commonly affected in a symmetric pattern. Joint symptoms usually resolve in a week or two, but approximately 10 percent of adults with joint symptoms will have prolonged difficulties. Chronic joint pain has been known to last up to nine years.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-overview

  Parvovirus B19 infects only humans. Symptoms include a low-grade fever, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, nausea, and rhinorrhea. As the symptoms disappear, children often develop a bright red rash on the cheeks (as if they had been slapped). […] The infection is contagious in children for a few days before symptoms begin and until the symptoms disappear. When the rash appears, the infection is no longer contagious. […] In healthy adults and children, parvovirus B19 is not a serious infection. Exceptions include patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy, as well as patients with HIV infection and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), organ transplants, and other immunodeficient states. […] The incubation period from infection to initial, nonspecific symptoms ranges from 4-14 days; but cases have been reported as long as 21 days after exposure. The rash and joint symptoms usually occur 2-3 weeks after initial infection. Patients are most contagious in the few days preceding rash.

• #2 Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0201/p373.html

  Erythema infectiosum is the most recognizable presentation of parvovirus B19 infection. […] Prodromal symptoms are mild and include fever, coryza, headache, and nausea. […] The first stage of the rash presents as erythema of the cheeks (slapped-cheek rash) with circumoral pallor. […] After one to four days, the second stage appears as a maculopapular rash of the extremities and trunk. […] The third stage may continue for the next one to three weeks. […] The rash persists but varies with exposure to heat or sunlight, resolving spontaneously with no permanent sequelae. […] Arthropathy may be a complication of erythema infectiosum or a primary presentation of parvovirus B19 infection. […] Approximately 8 percent of children infected with the virus have arthralgia. […] However, arthralgia is more common in adolescents and adults with parvovirus B19 infection, affecting up to 60 percent of these persons.

• #2 Parvovirus B19–Related Diseases – Viral Diseases – Infectious Diseases – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.18.1.10.

  Rash: Immune complex-mediated rash develops within 7 to 10 days of the onset of the disease (upon the appearance of specific IgG antibodies); this is the most characteristic sign of infection (observed in most children but in 50% of adults). […] Arthritis: Immune complex-mediated arthritis develops predominantly in adults, more frequently in women (children are affected in ~10% of cases). Arthritis may coincide with the onset of rash or appear as the only manifestation of the disease. […] Chronic anemia results from an inadequate or absent antibody response that allows the virus to persist, leading to red cell aplasia. […] Transient aplastic crisis: This may occur in patients with hemolysis or decreased red blood cell production (sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis), in whom viral replication results in a further decrease of red blood cell production and rapid hemolysis with an abrupt fall in hemoglobin concentrations. […] Hydrops fetalis: Parvovirus infection in pregnant women may result in fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis, or may lead to miscarriage, particularly when infection occurs before 20 weeks gestation.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/infectious-diseases/parvovirus-infection.html

  Signs and symptoms of a parvovirus infection (fifth disease) include: Fever, Headache, Cough, Sore throat, Muscle aches, Joint pain, Red rash on the cheeks, Lace-like rash on the chest, back, arms, and legs. […] Parvovirus can cause aplastic crisis in people with sickle cell disease and other disorders that affect red blood cells. An aplastic crisis occurs because the bone marrow suddenly stops making red blood cells. When the body cannot make new red blood cells, red blood cell counts can decrease to very low levels. This results in severe anemia. […] During an aplastic crisis, your child may look pale and feel weak or tired. Your child may also have a fever, fast heartbeat, or shortness of breath. People with sickle cell disease often do not get a rash with parvovirus. […] Symptoms of fifth disease may include fever, cold symptoms, joint pain, and a red rash on the cheeks.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  In rare cases, parvovirus B19 has been implicated in fatal myocarditis in transplant patients, and has been implicated as a cause of endothelial dysfunction in patients with diastolic dysfunction. […] Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women may result in hydrops fetalis, particularly when infection occurs before 20 weeks’ gestation. […] In the United States, the most common etiology of hydrops fetalis is parvovirus B19 infection. […] Neurologic manifestations associated with parvovirus B19 infection widely vary. […] Peripheral nervous system involvement such as neuropathy may be seen more frequently in older immunocompetent individuals. […] CNS involvement, including meningitis, encephalitis, and seizure, has been demonstrated in younger children and immunocompromised patients. […] Many individuals may experience asymptomatic or unrecognized infection.

• #2 Contagious Parvovirus B19 Is Spreading: What to Know | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2024/10/contagious-parvovirus-b19-is-spreading-what-to-know

  Its unusual for parvovirus B19 to cause problems in pregnancy. More than 70 percent of adults have protective antibodies from prior infection, so most women have some protection. But there is a small risk that infection can spread to the developing baby and cause severe anemia in the baby, Dr. Edwards says. […] The risk is highest in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] The combination of anemia and parvovirus can pose a risk of anemic crisis, where the body cant make enough red blood cells. If the fetus gets infected, they are more at risk of significant anemia or anemic crisis. […] Most people, even pregnant people who get parvovirus, will be fine, says Dr. Edwards. Most pregnant women have had exposure to parvovirus in the past and have good immunity, so its not a problem for the fetus.

• #2 What to Know About Parvovirus: Symptoms and Treatments – Women’s Health

  https://healthmatters.nyp.org/what-to-know-about-parvovirus-symptoms-treatments-and-whos-at-risk/

  In healthy pregnant women, most infections are very mild and symptoms generally resolve on their own with complete recovery. Many pregnant people have no symptoms at all. If the pregnant mother develops an acute parvovirus infection, there is up to a 30% risk of transmission to the fetus. Most cases of fetal infection will resolve on their own with no adverse outcomes. […] However, fetal infection with parvovirus is associated with a 5% to 10% risk of complications, which could include severe anemia of the fetus, extra fluid buildup of the fetus caused by anemia, or pregnancy loss. The risk of complications is greatest if infection occurs between 9 and 20 weeks of pregnancy.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-overview

  Although decreases in hemoglobin levels of greater than 1 g/dL are rare in healthy children infected with parvovirus B19, decreases of 2-6 g/dL may be observed in patients with hemoglobinopathies or hemolytic anemias. […] Parvovirus B19 infection in otherwise healthy children and adults has an extremely low mortality rate. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (eg, receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs or have immune defects [congenital and acquired]) may develop chronic parvovirus B19 infection that results in chronic anemia. […] Hydrops fetalis, perhaps the most serious complication of parvovirus B19 infection, may occur when a nonimmune woman is infected, usually in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Parvovirus B19 infection is the most common cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis and can result in fetal death in 2-6% of cases.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 infection in children: a comprehensive review of clinical manifestations and management | Italian Journal of Pediatrics | Full Text

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-024-01831-6

  The primary hematologic manifestation of B19V infection is transient aplastic crisis (TAC). Through the blood group P antigen receptor, B19V infects and destroys erythroid progenitor cells, inhibiting erythropoiesis and leading to acute erythroblastopenia and reticulocytopenia. TAC primarily occurs in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias, such as sickle cell disease, hereditary spherocytosis, and thalassemia, but it can also occur in patients with decreased blood cell production, such as those with iron deficiency anemia or immunodeficiency. […] Cardiac manifestations associated with B19V include myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. B19V is considered one of the most common causes of viral myocarditis. […] B19V is also associated with neurological manifestations, affecting both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying nervous system involvement in B19V infection include direct viral toxicity, dysregulated immune responses with cytokine release, immunocomplex deposition on endothelial cells, and the release of the toxic NS1 protein.

• #2 Parvovirus: What parents should know – CHOC – Children’s health hub

  https://health.choc.org/parvovirus-what-parents-should-know/

  It is not unusual to have temporary joint swelling and stiffness, which might imitate a very mild arthritis, even a short time after the illness seems gone. This is temporary, and does not lead to joint damage, arthritis, or other conditions, Dr. Pellman reassures. […] Very rarely a child or adult with Parvovirus B19 may get a rash called “gloves and sock syndrome,” Dr. Pellman says. In this rash variant the hand and feet are affected – hence the name – with a rash where the color of the rash is more blue or bruise like and mostly limited to the hand and feet location. This is also temporary and goes away after a few days. […] Finally, infection during the first half of a pregnancy in a person who has never been infected and therefore has no immunity (and most adults have been previously infected and do have immunity) are at risk for having a miscarriage.

• #2 When Your Child Has Fifth Disease | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/when-your-child-has-fifth-disease

  Fifth disease has three possible stages, but many children will have only one or two of them that are noticeable. The stages are: […] The earliest stage of fifth disease (the prodromal stage) consists of a low fever, headache, sore throat, muscle aches, chills, or respiratory symptoms. This often looks like a mild cold. Your child may feel tired, cranky, or rundown. This stage may come and go before you notice it. […] This is when the facial rash appears. It is a few days to a week or more after the prodromal symptoms. The rash appears bright rosy red on the cheeks. Your child may also look pale around the mouth because the cheeks are so red. This first rash fades in a few days. […] A rash appears on your child’s arms, legs, and torso. This second rash is flat, purple-red, and looks lacy. It is painless, but may be slightly itchy. The second rash may take 1 to 3 weeks to go away entirely. It may get better or worse during this time.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  Parvovirus B19 infection is not associated with chronic degenerative arthritis. […] Less than 10% of children experience arthropathy; however, in those who do, the knees are most commonly involved. […] Patients with severe anemia due to transient aplastic crisis (TAC) may present with pallor, fatigue, or signs of an aplastic crisis. […] Underlying hemoglobinopathies should be sought in these patients. […] Patients with thrombocytopenia may exhibit bruising. […] Rarely, parvovirus B19 infection manifests as myocarditis, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, or encephalitis. […] B19V infection has been reported in association with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, Henoch-Schnlein purpura, and pseudoappendicitis. […] It has also been reported to precipitate hemophagocytic syndrome.

• #2 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Adults may experience joint pain without other symptoms. […] The joint pain usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks but can last for months or longer. […] Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild for children and adults who are otherwise healthy. […] Parvovirus B19 has been shown to cause a severe drop in blood count (anemia) in some patients with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system. […] If you get a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, the virus could spread to the baby. […] Parvovirus B19 infections are usually mild and will go away on their own. […] Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19

  Two out of ten infected people do not experience any symptoms but are still highly infective. The B19V infection starts with flu-like symptoms consisting fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, joint pain and rash. […] Symptoms begin some six days after exposure (between 4 and 28 days, with the average being 16 to 17 days) and last about a week. The rash that children experience will appear after few days after the initial symptoms and can spread all over the body. […] Infected patients with normal immune systems are contagious before becoming symptomatic, but probably not after. […] Immunocompromised patients (organ transplant, HIV etc.) are prone to complications that affect the nerves, joints or bloodstream. […] The disease commences with high fever and malaise, when the virus is most abundant in the bloodstream, and patients are usually no longer infectious once the characteristic rash of this disease has appeared. The following symptoms are characteristic: A usual brief viral prodrome with fever, headache, nausea, diarrhea. As the fever breaks, a red rash forms on the cheeks, with relative pallor around the mouth („slapped cheek rash”), sparing the nasolabial folds, forehead, and mouth. „Lace-like, (reticular)” red rash on trunk or extremities then follows the facial rash. Infection in adults usually only involves the reticular rash, with multiple joint pain predominating. Exacerbation of rash by sunlight, heat, stress.

• #2 Factsheets – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/factsheets/

  20-30% of people infected with parvovirus B19 get no symptoms. If symptoms do occur they are usually mild and may include: fever, runny nose, headache, rash on the face and/or body. […] Symptoms can take between 4 to 20 days to appear after infection, but usually 13 to 18 days. […] The red rash on the face called slapped cheek rash is the most obvious sign of parvovirus B19. This rash is more common in children than in adults. […] A second rash may appear a few days later on the chest, back, buttocks, or arms and legs. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. It usually goes away in seven to 10 days, but it can come and go for several weeks. As it starts to go away, it may look lacy. […] Adults who are infected with parvovirus B19 may have no symptoms at all, or may develop a rash with joint pain or swelling, or both. It is usually the small joints of both hands that are affected however sometimes ankles, knees and wrists are also affected. The joint symptoms usually go in a week or two, but can last longer. […] Parvovirus B19 is usually mild and will go away on its own. […] Children and adults who are otherwise healthy usually recover completely. Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling.

• #2 What to Know About Human Parvovirus B19

  https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/human-parvovirus-b19/

  Adults can also get a rash from a parvovirus infection later into the disease, though sometimes this appears on the hands and feet, Hayes says. However a more common symptom among adults is joint pain usually in smaller joints, like in the hands, wrists and ankles, Lloyd says. […] Joint pain can persist for weeks, sometimes for months or longer, the CDC says. […] But again, these are things that generally self-resolve for most healthy individuals, Hayes adds.

• #2 Learn About Parvovirus B19 – Cambridge Public Health Department

  https://www.cambridgepublichealth.org/learn-about-parvovirus-b19/

  Adults are less likely to have the third-stage rashes but sometimes get swollen and painful joints. Joints are affected on both sides, usually in the hands, feet, and knees. The joint pain usually lasts one to three weeks but can last for months or longer. […] Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild for those who are otherwise healthy. Most people get better without any problems. However, for some it can cause serious health complications. […] An infection early during pregnancy can cause a slight increase in the risk of a miscarriage. […] Parvovirus B19 has also been shown to cause a severe drop in blood count (anemia) in some patients with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system. […] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms but in certain circumstances specialized blood tests may be ordered by the provider. […] There is currently no treatment that cures a parvovirus B19 infection. Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection in Adults: A Case Series

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11273075/

  Parvovirus B19 infection, typically associated with erythema infectiosum in children, presents variably in adults, often leading to misdiagnosis. Symptoms included fatigue, joint pain, swelling, and skin rash, with misdiagnoses including early rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis was confirmed via positive parvovirus antibodies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All patients received supportive care, and symptoms resolved within an average of 18 days. […] In adults, it typically begins with flu-like symptoms and progresses to arthralgia, joint swelling, and skin rash. […] Given the varied clinical presentations and potential for severe outcomes, heightened awareness and consideration of parvovirus B19 in the differential diagnosis of adults presenting with compatible symptoms are crucial.

• #2 CDC HAN: Increase in Human Parvovirus B19 Activity in the United States – King County, Washington

  https://kingcounty.gov/ko-kr/dept/dph/health-safety/disease-illness/health-advisories/2024/august-13-han

  Parvovirus B19 infection can lead to adverse health outcomes among people without pre-existing immunity who are pregnant, immunocompromised, or have chronic hemolytic disorders. During pregnancy, most cases of fetal parvovirus B19 infection resolve spontaneously without adverse outcomes. However, the risk of an adverse fetal outcome (e.g., fetal anemia, non-immune hydrops, or fetal loss) is 510%, and is highest when acute infection occurs between gestational weeks 920. Treatment for acute infection in the pregnant individual is supportive, and management includes monitoring for and treating severe fetal anemia. Furthermore, parvovirus B19 can cause chronic or transient aplastic anemia among people with severely immunocompromising conditions (e.g., leukemia or other cancers, organ transplant, HIV infection, receiving chemotherapy) or chronic hemolytic disorders (e.g., sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis). Red blood cell transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin are the mainstays of treatment for aplastic anemia.

• #2 Parvovirus B19 Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-clinical

  More recently, parvovirus B19 has been recognized as a cause of atypical rash illness in adults, as well as a host of less common manifestations. […] The cause of parvovirus B19 rash is believed to be immunologically mediated, and the rash corresponds to the appearance of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum. […] This signals the clearance of viremia. […] Recurrence of the rash (lasting for weeks or more) may be provoked by sunlight, stress, or exercise and does not indicate relapsed infection. […] Alternatively, parvovirus B19 infection may manifest with purpuric rash, erythema multiforme, or pruritus of the soles of the feet. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause a papular-purpuric „gloves-and-socks” syndrome (PPGSS), which manifests as an erythematous exanthem of the hands and feet with a distinct margin at the wrist and ankle joints.

• #2 Parvovirus in Humans: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/parvovirus-in-humans

  Some people who contract parvovirus B19 won’t develop symptoms. Others experience mild symptoms that don’t interfere with their daily lives for long. […] People who are pregnant, have compromised immune systems, or have a form of anemia, may need to take special precautions if they develop parvovirus. […] Most people clear the infection without issue and can’t get it again. But people with weakened immune systems may develop chronic or reactivated parvovirus if they aren’t able to clear the virus fully. […] In the rare case that a fetus contracts a parvovirus B19 infection from a birthing parent, the outlook depends on when the infection occurred. According to 2019 research, infections within the first 20 weeks had a greater risk of fetal loss.

• #2 Parvovirus: What parents should know – CHOC – Children’s health hub

  https://health.choc.org/parvovirus-what-parents-should-know/

  Dr. Pellman says the incubation period – or the time it takes to develop symptoms after exposure – is 4 to 14 days. […] Fifth disease or slapped cheek disease, caused by parvovirus, is contagious before the rash appears, when the symptoms seem like that of a common cold or even when no symptoms are present. By the time the rashes appear, the person is no longer contagious. […] There is no medication to kill the parvovirus. If the itching causes discomfort, you can use an anti-itch medication like cetirizine. If the joint ache is uncomfortable, you can use ibuprofen. In most cases, the illness is so mild that doctors don’t need to administer treatment. […] First, Dr. Pellman says, the infection slows down red blood cell production temporarily. This is not a problem unless that child cannot tolerate a slowed down red blood cell production. This could be an issue in children that have hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell disease or that have illnesses that already have a slowed down blood cell production issue like many cancers, such as leukemia.

• #2 Parvovirus: What parents should know – CHOC – Children’s health hub

  https://health.choc.org/parvovirus-what-parents-should-know/

  Parvovirus B19 infection is on the rise in the United States, particularly for children ages 5 to 9, which has prompted the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to issue a health advisory. […] Commonly, a child with parvovirus had a low fever, headache or a stuffy or runny nose prior to the typical rashes it causes. These mild symptoms dissipate and the illness seems gone, but then the rash appears shortly afterwards. Children younger than age 10 are most likely to get the rash. […] The typical parvovirus rash typically begins on the face and turns the cheeks bright red. Then, typically, lighter red blotches will appear on a child’s upper chest, back, arms and legs and slowly spread the next few days. […] In older kids and adults, parvovirus might not cause the red cheek rash. In addition, it can cause joint swelling and pain afterwards that is usually transient. Rarely the joint issue can last from weeks to months. But in time, it usually goes away without any joint damage or lasting problems.

• #3 Parvovirus B19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvovirus_B19

  Two out of ten infected people do not experience any symptoms but are still highly infective. The B19V infection starts with flu-like symptoms consisting fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, joint pain and rash. […] Symptoms begin some six days after exposure (between 4 and 28 days, with the average being 16 to 17 days) and last about a week. The rash that children experience will appear after few days after the initial symptoms and can spread all over the body. […] Infected patients with normal immune systems are contagious before becoming symptomatic, but probably not after. […] Immunocompromised patients (organ transplant, HIV etc.) are prone to complications that affect the nerves, joints or bloodstream. […] The disease commences with high fever and malaise, when the virus is most abundant in the bloodstream, and patients are usually no longer infectious once the characteristic rash of this disease has appeared. The following symptoms are characteristic: A usual brief viral prodrome with fever, headache, nausea, diarrhea. As the fever breaks, a red rash forms on the cheeks, with relative pallor around the mouth („slapped cheek rash”), sparing the nasolabial folds, forehead, and mouth. „Lace-like, (reticular)” red rash on trunk or extremities then follows the facial rash. Infection in adults usually only involves the reticular rash, with multiple joint pain predominating. Exacerbation of rash by sunlight, heat, stress.

• #3 Parvovirus infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085

  A bright red rash on the cheeks is a distinctive sign of parvovirus infection. […] Most people with parvovirus infection have no signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary greatly depending on how old you are when you get the disease. […] Early signs and symptoms of parvovirus infection in children may include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose. […] Several days after the appearance of early symptoms, a distinctive bright red rash may appear on your child’s face usually on both cheeks. Eventually it may spread to the arms, trunk, thighs and buttocks, where the rash has a pink, lacy, slightly raised appearance. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. […] Generally, the rash occurs near the end of the illness. It’s possible to mistake the rash for other viral rashes or a medicine-related rash. The rash may come and go for up to three weeks, becoming more visible when your child is exposed to extreme temperatures or spends time in the sun. […] Adults don’t usually develop the slapped-cheek rash. Instead, the most noticeable symptom of parvovirus infection in adults is joint soreness, lasting days to weeks. Joints most commonly affected are the hands, wrists, knees and ankles.

• #3 Parvovirus infection | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/parvovirus-infection

  Most people with parvovirus infection have no signs or symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they vary greatly depending on how old you are when you get the disease. […] Early signs and symptoms of parvovirus infection in children may include: Fever, Upset stomach, Headache, Runny nose. […] Several days after the appearance of early symptoms, a distinctive bright red rash may appear on your child’s face usually on both cheeks. Eventually it may spread to the arms, trunk, thighs and buttocks, where the rash has a pink, lacy, slightly raised appearance. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. […] Generally, the rash occurs near the end of the illness. It’s possible to mistake the rash for other viral rashes or a medicine-related rash. The rash may come and go for up to three weeks, becoming more visible when your child is exposed to extreme temperatures or spends time in the sun. […] Adults don’t usually develop the slapped-cheek rash. Instead, the most noticeable symptom of parvovirus infection in adults is joint soreness, lasting days to weeks. Joints most commonly affected are the hands, wrists, knees and ankles.

• #3 Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0201/p373.html

  Erythema infectiosum is the most recognizable presentation of parvovirus B19 infection. […] Prodromal symptoms are mild and include fever, coryza, headache, and nausea. […] The first stage of the rash presents as erythema of the cheeks (slapped-cheek rash) with circumoral pallor. […] After one to four days, the second stage appears as a maculopapular rash of the extremities and trunk. […] The third stage may continue for the next one to three weeks. […] The rash persists but varies with exposure to heat or sunlight, resolving spontaneously with no permanent sequelae. […] Arthropathy may be a complication of erythema infectiosum or a primary presentation of parvovirus B19 infection. […] Approximately 8 percent of children infected with the virus have arthralgia. […] However, arthralgia is more common in adolescents and adults with parvovirus B19 infection, affecting up to 60 percent of these persons.

• #3 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Adults may experience joint pain without other symptoms. […] The joint pain usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks but can last for months or longer. […] Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild for children and adults who are otherwise healthy. […] Parvovirus B19 has been shown to cause a severe drop in blood count (anemia) in some patients with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system. […] If you get a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, the virus could spread to the baby. […] Parvovirus B19 infections are usually mild and will go away on their own. […] Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling.

• #3 Parvovirus B19–Related Diseases – Viral Diseases – Infectious Diseases – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.18.1.10.

  Rash: Immune complex-mediated rash develops within 7 to 10 days of the onset of the disease (upon the appearance of specific IgG antibodies); this is the most characteristic sign of infection (observed in most children but in 50% of adults). […] Arthritis: Immune complex-mediated arthritis develops predominantly in adults, more frequently in women (children are affected in ~10% of cases). Arthritis may coincide with the onset of rash or appear as the only manifestation of the disease. […] Chronic anemia results from an inadequate or absent antibody response that allows the virus to persist, leading to red cell aplasia. […] Transient aplastic crisis: This may occur in patients with hemolysis or decreased red blood cell production (sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hereditary spherocytosis), in whom viral replication results in a further decrease of red blood cell production and rapid hemolysis with an abrupt fall in hemoglobin concentrations. […] Hydrops fetalis: Parvovirus infection in pregnant women may result in fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis, or may lead to miscarriage, particularly when infection occurs before 20 weeks gestation.

• #3 Parvovirus B19 | North Bristol NHS Trust

  https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/maternity-services/pregnancy/routine-screening-tests-scans/parvovirus-b19

  In women who are not immune, infection in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can lead to serious problems for your baby before it is born. […] The greatest period of risk to the baby is between four to 20 weeks. Infection during this time can sometimes lead to serious complications such as fetal anaemia and sometimes fetal loss (miscarriage or stillbirth). […] There is a five ten per cent risk of fetal loss if women develop this infection in the second trimester. […] After 20 weeks of pregnancy the risk of the baby developing severe anaemia is much lower but investigations are undertaken in all cases. […] If your initial or follow-up blood test shows you have recently been infected your baby may be at risk of developing the infection.

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