Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Parvovirus infection | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/parvovirus-infection?content_id=CON-20376069

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. It’s sometimes called slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops. […] In most children, parvovirus infection is mild and needs little treatment. But in some adults, the infection can be serious. Parvovirus infection in some pregnant women can lead to serious health problems for the fetus. The infection is also more serious for people with some kinds of anemia or who have a compromised immune system. […] Generally, you don’t need to see a doctor for parvovirus infection. But if you or your child has an underlying condition that may increase the risk of complications, make an appointment with your doctor. These conditions include: Sickle cell anemia, Impaired immune system, Pregnancy. […] Parvovirus infection can cause serious complications for people with anemia. Anemia is a condition in which cells that carry oxygen to all the parts of your body (red blood cells) are used up faster than your bone marrow can replace them. Parvovirus infection in people with anemia may stop the production of red blood cells and cause an anemia crisis. People with sickle cell anemia are at particular risk.

• #2 Parvovirus infection | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. In most children, parvovirus infection is mild and needs little treatment. But in some adults, the infection can be serious. Parvovirus infection in some pregnant women can lead to serious health problems for the fetus. The infection is also more serious for people with some kinds of anemia or who have a compromised immune system. […] Generally, you don’t need to see a doctor for parvovirus infection. But if you or your child has an underlying condition that may increase the risk of complications, make an appointment with your doctor. These conditions include: Sickle cell anemia, Impaired immune system, Pregnancy. […] Parvovirus infection can cause serious complications for people with anemia. Parvovirus infection during pregnancy sometimes affects red blood cells in the fetus. Although uncommon, this may cause severe anemia that could lead to miscarriage or stillbirth.

• #3 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Patients with a resolved aplastic crisis or with a rash are no longer infectious. […] Patients are no longer infectious after other symptoms resolve (usually by day 7 of illness). Thus, patients with a classic parvovirus B19 rash may return to school or daycare. […] Patients rarely require admission for parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections unless they have underlying disease. […] Parvovirus B19 is spread via small respiratory droplets. […] The attack rate in susceptible populations approaches 60%. […] Parvovirus B19 is contagious from 24-48 hours before developing the viral prodrome and until the rash appears. […] Patients who present with aplastic crisis require intensive monitoring and RBC transfusions to prevent death and should be evaluated by a hematologist. […] Patients with classic erythema infectiosum are no longer contagious after the rash has appeared.

• #4 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Parvovirus B19 infections are usually mild and will go away on their own. […] Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling. For persons who develop a low blood count, treatment may include supportive care, blood products, and other specialized therapies. […] You may be at increased risk for complications from a parvovirus B19 infection if you have one or more of these health conditions: […] See your healthcare provider if you have complications from a parvovirus B19 infection, or […] You are infected while pregnant.

• #5 Parvovirus infection | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/parvovirus-infection?content_id=CON-20376069

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. It’s sometimes called slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops. […] In most children, parvovirus infection is mild and needs little treatment. But in some adults, the infection can be serious. Parvovirus infection in some pregnant women can lead to serious health problems for the fetus. The infection is also more serious for people with some kinds of anemia or who have a compromised immune system. […] Generally, you don’t need to see a doctor for parvovirus infection. But if you or your child has an underlying condition that may increase the risk of complications, make an appointment with your doctor. These conditions include: Sickle cell anemia, Impaired immune system, Pregnancy. […] Parvovirus infection can cause serious complications for people with anemia. Anemia is a condition in which cells that carry oxygen to all the parts of your body (red blood cells) are used up faster than your bone marrow can replace them. Parvovirus infection in people with anemia may stop the production of red blood cells and cause an anemia crisis. People with sickle cell anemia are at particular risk.

• #6 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker […] ABSTRACT Parvovirus is a debilitating, life-threatening disease, which affects the canine population. Promptly instituted intensive treatment and nursing protocols are the key to increasing survival rates. Supportive care and nursing is possibly the most important aspect in the overall management of the parvovirus patient. This article discusses the essential aspects of nursing the parvovirus patient in relation to the overall therapeutic plan, including prevention of the spread of the disease. […] Supportive nursing is vital, as most of these patients will be severely debilitated. […] During a hospitalisation stay animals, especially the young, can become bored and depressed due to lack of socialisation with other animals or people. It is advisable to ask owners to bring some-thing from home that can be disposed of afterwards or can be sterilised. Advise the owner to bring in any toys their pet really enjoys playing with or bedding they like to use, as all these items will still have familiar scents and can be comforting to the patient. Not only may this promote well-being but, along with lots of TLC from the nurse, this can make the hospitalisation stay more comfortable for the patient.

• #7

  https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&catId=254096&id=4951460

  Monitoring […] The following tests are helpful in adjusting parvovirus treatment: […] Total blood protein […] Protein depletion is common when there is heavy diarrhea. […] Extra Treatment Which May Help […] Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) […] Plasma Transfusions […] Plasma is the protein-rich fluid that remains when the red blood cells are removed from a sample of blood. […] Home Treatment for Parvo […] Proper treatment for parvo involves intensive support and monitoring of numerous parameters that may require special, additional treatment. Survival statistics with hospitalization are high and there is no comparable treatment that can be performed at home.

• #8 MARAC Statement: Parvovirus B19, Fever and Urgent Care – Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Inc.

  https://www.sicklecelldisease.org/2024/08/15/marac-statement-parvovirus-b19-fever-and-urgent-care/

  Parvovirus B19 causes a special problem in sickle cell disease called aplastic crisis, and infects the bone marrow and stops production red blood cells for about 10 days. Reticulocyte counts (number of young red blood cells) drop to zero. Hemoglobin can drop to dangerously low levels in people with sickle cell disease and other conditions with short-lived red blood cells (hemolytic anemias). A red blood cell transfusion is often needed. […] Medical evaluation of a child with SCD and fever should include CBC and reticulocyte count, with STAT results. Low reticulocyte count (absolute reticulocytes below 10,000 per microliter) should raise concern about aplastic crisis from parvovirus B19, and the child should not be discharged home without a plan for possible blood transfusion. […] Families of children with SCD and fever should not go to urgent care centers and clinics that lack the capability to do STAT labs. These types of centers and clinics should not delay sending a child with SCD and fever to a medical facility that can provide appropriate care, usually an emergency department.

• #9 Parvovirus infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376090

  For an uncomplicated parvovirus infection, self-care treatment at home is generally sufficient. […] Self-care treatment is aimed primarily at relieving signs and symptoms and easing any discomfort. Make sure you or your child gets plenty of rest and drinks lots of fluids. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may help to relieve temperatures of more than 102 F (39 C) or minor aches and pains. […] Most people with parvovirus infection don’t seek medical attention. You may want to talk to your family doctor if you or your child has been exposed to parvovirus and has an underlying condition that increases the risk of complications.

• #10 Parvovirus infection | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/parvovirus-infection

  Self-care treatment is aimed primarily at relieving signs and symptoms and easing any discomfort. Make sure you or your child gets plenty of rest and drinks lots of fluids. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may help to relieve temperatures of more than 102 F (39 C) or minor aches and pains. […] Most people with parvovirus infection don’t seek medical attention. You may want to talk to your family doctor if you or your child has been exposed to parvovirus and has an underlying condition that increases the risk of complications.

• #11 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Acetaminophen or ibuprofen is effective for treating fever in patients with parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection. Fever does not always require treatment with antipyretics; however, consider antipyretics if a patient appears clinically uncomfortable. […] Resolution of infection depends on the presence of immunoglobulins against parvovirus B19. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used with good results for patients suffering pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Patients should be monitored for relapsed viremia. […] Patients in aplastic crisis require packed RBC transfusions. […] In patients receiving immunosuppressive agents, temporarily decreasing the dose of immunosuppressive agents usually enables the immune system to produce sufficient immunoglobulin G (IgG) to eradicate the infection and confer lifelong protection.

• #12 Parvovirus B19 Infections | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/1001/p1455.html

  Infections caused by human parvovirus B19 can result in a wide spectrum of manifestations, which are usually influenced by the patient’s immunologic and hematologic status. […] Patients with underlying hematologic and immunologic disorders who become infected with this virus are at risk for aplastic anemia. […] The management of parvovirus infections must take into account the severity of the infection and the patient’s status. Because infection in healthy children and adults is self-limited, no specific therapy is warranted. Patients with arthropathy may be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for symptomatic relief. Patients with transient aplastic crisis may require blood transfusions to prevent congestive heart failure. […] Therefore, such patients are best monitored carefully, usually in the hospital, for signs of congestive heart failure. Life-saving red blood cell transfusions may be required. […] Patients hospitalized with transient aplastic crisis from parvovirus B19 superimposed on chronic anemia should be kept in droplet isolation to prevent nosocomial spread and minimize health care worker exposure.

• #13 Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0201/p373.html

  Although most persons with parvovirus B19 infection are asymptomatic or have mild, nonspecific, cold-like symptoms, several clinical conditions have been linked to the virus. […] Treatment is usually supportive, although some patients may require transfusions or intravenous immune globulin therapy. Most patients recover completely. […] Patients with persistent parvovirus B19 infection may benefit from intravenous immune globulin therapy. […] Pregnant women who are diagnosed with parvovirus B19 infection should receive serial ultrasonography (weekly or biweekly) for 10 to 12 weeks. […] Patients presenting with typical erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) do not need laboratory testing to confirm parvovirus B19 infection. […] Generally, erythema infectiosum is self-limited and does not require treatment. Patients with arthralgia may require nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment. […] Patients in transient aplastic crisis may require erythrocyte transfusions while the marrow recovers. […] Chronic red cell aplasia, if severe, may require intravenous immune globulin therapy.

• #14 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  If parvovirus is suspected in pregnancy, advice should be sought from virology, microbiology or infectious diseases – which of these specialties is consulted may depend on local pathways. […] If the diagnosis is confirmed, as detailed in the above section on testing, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) advises referral to a specialist in fetal medicine, to be seen within four weeks. However, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) guidance only advises such referral if there is hydrops fetalis seen on ultrasound and so it may be appropriate to seek an urgent review from the woman’s obstetrician, and let them make the decision about onward referral to a fetal medicine unit. […] There is currently no licensed vaccine for parvovirus B19. […] Screening of donated blood components before transfusion for patients with sickle cell disease and other congenital anaemias, immunocompromised hosts and women during pregnancy.

• #15 Parvo Virus | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/parvo-virus

  Because infection during pregnancy can cause fetal damage, depending on gestational age at the time of infection, the Texas Children’s Maternal Fetal Medicine Center is bringing attention to the complications that may result from an acute infection and that are cared for in our facilities. […] If an obstetrician suspects this viral infection in a pregnant woman at high risk for exposure, he or she will refer the patient to our Maternal Fetal Medicine Center. Blood will be drawn to assess your antibodies and determine you had a recent infection. If there is evidence of a recent infection, ultrasound will be performed to assess for potential changes in your baby, such as anemia. If these changes are detected, treatment options are available, such as transfusion for your baby while in utero.

• #16 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Barrier nursing is vital to prevent the spread of parvovirus both within the practice and to the external environment. The isolation facility should be equipped with foot baths, shoe covers, gloves, gowns, separate monitoring equipment, dedicated sterilization areas for dirty or contaminated equipment, such as bedding, and separate waste disposal. This contaminated equipment needs to be pre-soaked for 10-15 minutes in a parvocidal disinfectant before washing to kill the virus before the equipment is cleaned. […] The nurse should be prepared to complete all aspects of patient care including observations, replacement of bedding if needed, and patient cleaning, at each session. Leaving the isolation facility during this process will only increase the risk of spreading the virus. […] As parvovirus patients are likely to be immunocompromised, barrier nursing is important to also minimise the risk of bringing further pathogens into the isolation unit.

• #17 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Patients with aplastic crisis, papular-purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), or immunosuppression and chronic parvovirus B19 infection with anemia should be isolated with droplet and standard precautions due to ongoing viremia. […] Maintain precaution for patients with TAC for 7 days or until the reticulocyte count rebounds to at least 2%, whereas those with chronic infection should be isolated for the duration of their stay. […] Pregnant staff should be alerted to the potential risks of parvovirus B19 infection when caring for these patients. […] In addition to standard precautions, droplet precautions are recommended for hospitalized children with aplastic crises, children with the papular purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), and immunosuppressed patients with chronic infection and anemia for the duration of hospitalization.

• #18 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Patients with aplastic crisis, papular-purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), or immunosuppression and chronic parvovirus B19 infection with anemia should be isolated with droplet and standard precautions due to ongoing viremia. […] Maintain precaution for patients with TAC for 7 days or until the reticulocyte count rebounds to at least 2%, whereas those with chronic infection should be isolated for the duration of their stay. […] Pregnant staff should be alerted to the potential risks of parvovirus B19 infection when caring for these patients. […] In addition to standard precautions, droplet precautions are recommended for hospitalized children with aplastic crises, children with the papular purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), and immunosuppressed patients with chronic infection and anemia for the duration of hospitalization.

• #19 Human Parvovirus Advisory for Health Care Providers – Aug. 15, 2024 | Spokane Regional Health District

  https://srhd.org/human-parvovirus-advisory-for-health-care-providers-aug-15-2024

  Parvovirus B19 infection can be transmitted during pregnancy (i.e., from mother to the fetus) or through transfusion of blood components and certain plasma derivates. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends testing all plasma-derived products and plasma units for parvovirus B19 using nucleic acid tests. Whole blood is not screened for parvovirus B19 in the United States. Transfusion-associated parvovirus B19 infection is extremely rare. […] Although many people with parvovirus B19 infection are asymptomatic, immunocompetent children and adults with symptomatic disease typically develop a biphasic illness. The first phase of illness is characterized by symptoms of fever, myalgia, and malaise and develops approximately 7 days after infection. This phase lasts approximately 5 days. People with parvovirus B19 infection are most contagious during the first phase, when viral loads in respiratory secretions and saliva are highest. During the second phase of illness (approximately 710 days after the first phase), children often present with a characteristic facial rash (erythema infectiosum, or slapped cheek appearance), which may be followed by reticulated body rash or joint pain (arthralgia) 14 days later. In immunocompetent adults, the most common symptoms of parvovirus B19 disease typically occur during the second phase and include a reticular rash on the trunk and joint pain (arthralgia). Typically, the characteristic facial rash does not appear until after viral loads (a measure of infectiousness) have declined. Laboratory tests conducted during acute illness can demonstrate a transient decrease in absolute reticulocyte counts lasting approximately 10 days, mild anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukopenia. Most people require only supportive care during the acute phase of illness and will recover completely. Severe outcomes from parvovirus B19 disease, such as myocarditis, hepatitis, or encephalitis, are rare. No vaccine or specific treatment is recommended for parvovirus B19 infection.

• #20 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Barrier nursing is vital to prevent the spread of parvovirus both within the practice and to the external environment. The isolation facility should be equipped with foot baths, shoe covers, gloves, gowns, separate monitoring equipment, dedicated sterilization areas for dirty or contaminated equipment, such as bedding, and separate waste disposal. This contaminated equipment needs to be pre-soaked for 10-15 minutes in a parvocidal disinfectant before washing to kill the virus before the equipment is cleaned. […] The nurse should be prepared to complete all aspects of patient care including observations, replacement of bedding if needed, and patient cleaning, at each session. Leaving the isolation facility during this process will only increase the risk of spreading the virus. […] As parvovirus patients are likely to be immunocompromised, barrier nursing is important to also minimise the risk of bringing further pathogens into the isolation unit.

• #21 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Barrier nursing is vital to prevent the spread of parvovirus both within the practice and to the external environment. The isolation facility should be equipped with foot baths, shoe covers, gloves, gowns, separate monitoring equipment, dedicated sterilization areas for dirty or contaminated equipment, such as bedding, and separate waste disposal. This contaminated equipment needs to be pre-soaked for 10-15 minutes in a parvocidal disinfectant before washing to kill the virus before the equipment is cleaned. […] The nurse should be prepared to complete all aspects of patient care including observations, replacement of bedding if needed, and patient cleaning, at each session. Leaving the isolation facility during this process will only increase the risk of spreading the virus. […] As parvovirus patients are likely to be immunocompromised, barrier nursing is important to also minimise the risk of bringing further pathogens into the isolation unit.

• #22 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Barrier nursing is vital to prevent the spread of parvovirus both within the practice and to the external environment. The isolation facility should be equipped with foot baths, shoe covers, gloves, gowns, separate monitoring equipment, dedicated sterilization areas for dirty or contaminated equipment, such as bedding, and separate waste disposal. This contaminated equipment needs to be pre-soaked for 10-15 minutes in a parvocidal disinfectant before washing to kill the virus before the equipment is cleaned. […] The nurse should be prepared to complete all aspects of patient care including observations, replacement of bedding if needed, and patient cleaning, at each session. Leaving the isolation facility during this process will only increase the risk of spreading the virus. […] As parvovirus patients are likely to be immunocompromised, barrier nursing is important to also minimise the risk of bringing further pathogens into the isolation unit.

• #23 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Patients with aplastic crisis, papular-purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), or immunosuppression and chronic parvovirus B19 infection with anemia should be isolated with droplet and standard precautions due to ongoing viremia. […] Maintain precaution for patients with TAC for 7 days or until the reticulocyte count rebounds to at least 2%, whereas those with chronic infection should be isolated for the duration of their stay. […] Pregnant staff should be alerted to the potential risks of parvovirus B19 infection when caring for these patients. […] In addition to standard precautions, droplet precautions are recommended for hospitalized children with aplastic crises, children with the papular purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), and immunosuppressed patients with chronic infection and anemia for the duration of hospitalization.

• #24 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  All pregnant healthcare workers should have a risk assessment carried out by their employer – depending on the workplace, this may include avoiding scenarios in which they may be exposed to parvovirus. […] Children with parvovirus infectiosum do not need to stay off school or nursery, as once they have the rash they are no longer infectious. […] Patients infected with parvovirus B19 are considered non-infectious one day after the rash begins.

• #25 Fifth Disease NANDAs – Nursing Student Assistance

  https://allnurses.com/fifth-disease-nandas-t493299/

  1. Disturbed body image related to a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19 as evidenced by patient refusing to see visitors, admitting rash makes her feel „ugly”, covering body when trying to assess rash, and not wanting to leave room. […] 2. Fear related the unknown of mild rash illness as evidenced by patient showing apprehension, expression of fear that her illness will not go away, increased alertness and worrying when assessing rash. […] 3. Deficient knowledge related to the unfamiliarity of a rash illness caused by a virus as evidenced by patient and family admitting to not knowing of Fifth disease, worry and apprehension shown by patient and family that illness will worsen. […] If she has a fever, you could mention it, but it doesn’t sound like that’s going to be much of an issue. I’m not seeing any evidence of fluid volume problems unless you note decreased po intake, decr BP, and scanty concentrated urine, but not likely.

• #26 Fifth Disease NANDAs – Nursing Student Assistance

  https://allnurses.com/fifth-disease-nandas-t493299/

  1. Disturbed body image related to a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19 as evidenced by patient refusing to see visitors, admitting rash makes her feel „ugly”, covering body when trying to assess rash, and not wanting to leave room. […] 2. Fear related the unknown of mild rash illness as evidenced by patient showing apprehension, expression of fear that her illness will not go away, increased alertness and worrying when assessing rash. […] 3. Deficient knowledge related to the unfamiliarity of a rash illness caused by a virus as evidenced by patient and family admitting to not knowing of Fifth disease, worry and apprehension shown by patient and family that illness will worsen. […] If she has a fever, you could mention it, but it doesn’t sound like that’s going to be much of an issue. I’m not seeing any evidence of fluid volume problems unless you note decreased po intake, decr BP, and scanty concentrated urine, but not likely.

• #27 Contagious Parvovirus B19 Is Spreading: What to Know | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/blog/articles/2024/10/contagious-parvovirus-b19-is-spreading-what-to-know

  Most children with parvovirus symptoms don’t require medical care and are not tested, Dr. Edwards says. The chances of severe illness are rare. […] The main thing in children, as with all infections, is to stay hydrated. Young children, especially under age 1, are at increased risk of dehydration, says Dr. Edwards. The vast majority of infections can be managed at home with supportive care, rest and fluids. […] Dr. Edwards says pregnant women should talk to their doctor if they have parvovirus B19 symptoms or believe they have been exposed to the virus. We recommend you let your obstetrician know, so they can assess your risk and decide how best to monitor it, says Dr. Edwards.

• #28 Parvovirus infection – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376090

  For an uncomplicated parvovirus infection, self-care treatment at home is generally sufficient. […] Self-care treatment is aimed primarily at relieving signs and symptoms and easing any discomfort. Make sure you or your child gets plenty of rest and drinks lots of fluids. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may help to relieve temperatures of more than 102 F (39 C) or minor aches and pains. […] Most people with parvovirus infection don’t seek medical attention. You may want to talk to your family doctor if you or your child has been exposed to parvovirus and has an underlying condition that increases the risk of complications.

• #29 Preventing Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/prevention-treatment/index.html

  There is no vaccine or treatment that can prevent parvovirus B19 infection. […] Follow general respiratory precautions to prevent spread of parvovirus B19. […] See your healthcare provider if you have complications from a parvovirus B19 infection or are infected while pregnant. […] Wash your hands often with soap and water to prevent Parvovirus B19. […] To prevent spread of parvovirus B19, follow general recommendations for respiratory viruses: […] Practice good hygiene (practices that improve cleanliness). […] Frequent handwashing is especially important in childcare settings and healthcare facilities. […] Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild for children and adults who are otherwise healthy, but some people may experience serious health complications.

• #30

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/parvovirus-B19-and-(fifth-disease).aspx

  Parvovirus B19 infection is a mild rash illness that occurs most commonly in children. The ill child typically has a „slapped-cheek” rash on the face and a lacy red rash on the trunk and limbs. The child is not very ill, and the rash resolves in 7 to 10 days. […] Treatment of symptoms such as fever, pain, or itching is usually all that is needed for parvovirus B19. Adults with joint pain and swelling may need to rest, restrict their activities, and take medicines such as aspirin or ibuprofen to relieve symptoms. […] Usually there is no serious complication for a pregnant woman or her baby following exposure to a person with parvovirus B19 infection. Even if a woman is susceptible and gets infected with parvovirus B19, she usually experiences only a mild illness. Likewise, her unborn baby usually does not have any problems attributable to parvovirus B19 infection. […] There is no vaccine or medicine that prevents parvovirus B19 infection. Frequent hand washing is recommended as a practical and probably effective method to reduce the spread of parvovirus.

• #31 Parvovirus B19 Infection – Together by St. Jude™

  https://together.stjude.org/en-us/conditions/infectious-diseases/parvovirus-infection.html

  Parvovirus can cause aplastic crisis in people with sickle cell disease and other disorders that affect red blood cells. An aplastic crisis occurs because the bone marrow suddenly stops making red blood cells. When the body cannot make new red blood cells, red blood cell counts can decrease to very low levels. This results in severe anemia. […] If your child has sickle cell disease and shows signs of parvovirus or aplastic crisis, seek emergency medical help right away. […] Some children are at higher risk for complications due to parvovirus. If your child has sickle cell disease, leukemia, HIV infection, is on chemotherapy, or has a weak immune system, your care team will do additional tests. […] If your child’s blood count drops too low during an aplastic crisis, they may need a blood transfusion. […] Parvovirus can cause an aplastic crisis in people with sickle cell disease and other red blood cell disorders. […] If your child has a blood disorder and shows symptoms of an aplastic crisis, get emergency medical help right away.

• #32 MARAC Statement: Parvovirus B19, Fever and Urgent Care – Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Inc.

  https://www.sicklecelldisease.org/2024/08/15/marac-statement-parvovirus-b19-fever-and-urgent-care/

  Parvovirus B19 causes a special problem in sickle cell disease called aplastic crisis, and infects the bone marrow and stops production red blood cells for about 10 days. Reticulocyte counts (number of young red blood cells) drop to zero. Hemoglobin can drop to dangerously low levels in people with sickle cell disease and other conditions with short-lived red blood cells (hemolytic anemias). A red blood cell transfusion is often needed. […] Medical evaluation of a child with SCD and fever should include CBC and reticulocyte count, with STAT results. Low reticulocyte count (absolute reticulocytes below 10,000 per microliter) should raise concern about aplastic crisis from parvovirus B19, and the child should not be discharged home without a plan for possible blood transfusion. […] Families of children with SCD and fever should not go to urgent care centers and clinics that lack the capability to do STAT labs. These types of centers and clinics should not delay sending a child with SCD and fever to a medical facility that can provide appropriate care, usually an emergency department.

• #33 Fifth Disease NANDAs – Nursing Student Assistance

  https://allnurses.com/fifth-disease-nandas-t493299/

  1. Disturbed body image related to a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19 as evidenced by patient refusing to see visitors, admitting rash makes her feel „ugly”, covering body when trying to assess rash, and not wanting to leave room. […] 2. Fear related the unknown of mild rash illness as evidenced by patient showing apprehension, expression of fear that her illness will not go away, increased alertness and worrying when assessing rash. […] 3. Deficient knowledge related to the unfamiliarity of a rash illness caused by a virus as evidenced by patient and family admitting to not knowing of Fifth disease, worry and apprehension shown by patient and family that illness will worsen. […] If she has a fever, you could mention it, but it doesn’t sound like that’s going to be much of an issue. I’m not seeing any evidence of fluid volume problems unless you note decreased po intake, decr BP, and scanty concentrated urine, but not likely.

• #34 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker […] ABSTRACT Parvovirus is a debilitating, life-threatening disease, which affects the canine population. Promptly instituted intensive treatment and nursing protocols are the key to increasing survival rates. Supportive care and nursing is possibly the most important aspect in the overall management of the parvovirus patient. This article discusses the essential aspects of nursing the parvovirus patient in relation to the overall therapeutic plan, including prevention of the spread of the disease. […] Supportive nursing is vital, as most of these patients will be severely debilitated. […] During a hospitalisation stay animals, especially the young, can become bored and depressed due to lack of socialisation with other animals or people. It is advisable to ask owners to bring some-thing from home that can be disposed of afterwards or can be sterilised. Advise the owner to bring in any toys their pet really enjoys playing with or bedding they like to use, as all these items will still have familiar scents and can be comforting to the patient. Not only may this promote well-being but, along with lots of TLC from the nurse, this can make the hospitalisation stay more comfortable for the patient.

• #35 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker […] ABSTRACT Parvovirus is a debilitating, life-threatening disease, which affects the canine population. Promptly instituted intensive treatment and nursing protocols are the key to increasing survival rates. Supportive care and nursing is possibly the most important aspect in the overall management of the parvovirus patient. This article discusses the essential aspects of nursing the parvovirus patient in relation to the overall therapeutic plan, including prevention of the spread of the disease. […] Supportive nursing is vital, as most of these patients will be severely debilitated. […] During a hospitalisation stay animals, especially the young, can become bored and depressed due to lack of socialisation with other animals or people. It is advisable to ask owners to bring some-thing from home that can be disposed of afterwards or can be sterilised. Advise the owner to bring in any toys their pet really enjoys playing with or bedding they like to use, as all these items will still have familiar scents and can be comforting to the patient. Not only may this promote well-being but, along with lots of TLC from the nurse, this can make the hospitalisation stay more comfortable for the patient.

• #36 Fifth Disease NANDAs – Nursing Student Assistance

  https://allnurses.com/fifth-disease-nandas-t493299/

  1. Disturbed body image related to a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19 as evidenced by patient refusing to see visitors, admitting rash makes her feel „ugly”, covering body when trying to assess rash, and not wanting to leave room. […] 2. Fear related the unknown of mild rash illness as evidenced by patient showing apprehension, expression of fear that her illness will not go away, increased alertness and worrying when assessing rash. […] 3. Deficient knowledge related to the unfamiliarity of a rash illness caused by a virus as evidenced by patient and family admitting to not knowing of Fifth disease, worry and apprehension shown by patient and family that illness will worsen. […] If she has a fever, you could mention it, but it doesn’t sound like that’s going to be much of an issue. I’m not seeing any evidence of fluid volume problems unless you note decreased po intake, decr BP, and scanty concentrated urine, but not likely.

• #37 Fifth Disease NANDAs – Nursing Student Assistance

  https://allnurses.com/fifth-disease-nandas-t493299/

  my fear interventions: Assess source of fear with patient and family. […] Stay with patient when she is expressing fear and emotions. […] Provide verbal and nonverbal reassurance such as touch and hug if acceptable. […] Teach parents to use cognitive behavioral strategies such as positive coping statements like, I am a brave/big girl. […] Teach relaxation techniques such as deep breathing to induce calmness (Ackley Ladwig, 2011). […] hyperthermia: –Measure and record patient temperature oral or rectal temperature every 2 hours. […] –Notify physician if temp is above 100.5 or per facility protocol. […] –Using cold compresses over patients body may help to reduce body temperature. […] –Preventing excessive covers such as heavy blankets may also help to prevent elevation of body temperature. […] –Administer antipyretic, as ordered.

• #38 Parvovirus B19 Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/961063-treatment

  Patients with aplastic crisis, papular-purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), or immunosuppression and chronic parvovirus B19 infection with anemia should be isolated with droplet and standard precautions due to ongoing viremia. […] Maintain precaution for patients with TAC for 7 days or until the reticulocyte count rebounds to at least 2%, whereas those with chronic infection should be isolated for the duration of their stay. […] Pregnant staff should be alerted to the potential risks of parvovirus B19 infection when caring for these patients. […] In addition to standard precautions, droplet precautions are recommended for hospitalized children with aplastic crises, children with the papular purpuric „gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS), and immunosuppressed patients with chronic infection and anemia for the duration of hospitalization.

• #39 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  All pregnant healthcare workers should have a risk assessment carried out by their employer – depending on the workplace, this may include avoiding scenarios in which they may be exposed to parvovirus. […] Children with parvovirus infectiosum do not need to stay off school or nursery, as once they have the rash they are no longer infectious. […] Patients infected with parvovirus B19 are considered non-infectious one day after the rash begins.

• #40 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Nursing the parvovirus patient is intensive and needs precise planning to implement a multimodal treatment regime, taking into account measures to prevent spread of the virus within a practice. It is, however, very rewarding to see an animal that has been severely debilitated return to health. Rapid diagnosis, implementation of treatment and identification of risk factors for further complications will result in the best chances of a positive outcome.

• #41 Nursing the patient with parvovirus by Blaise Scott-Morris and Dawn Walker – British Veterinary Nursing AssociationBritish Veterinary Nursing Association

  https://bvna.org.uk/blog/nursing-the-patient-with-parvovirus-by-blaise-scott-morris-and-dawn-walker/

  Nursing the parvovirus patient is intensive and needs precise planning to implement a multimodal treatment regime, taking into account measures to prevent spread of the virus within a practice. It is, however, very rewarding to see an animal that has been severely debilitated return to health. Rapid diagnosis, implementation of treatment and identification of risk factors for further complications will result in the best chances of a positive outcome.

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