Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lichen planus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20351378

  Lichen planus (LIE-kun PLAY-nus) is a condition of the skin, hair, nails, mouth and genitals. On skin, lichen planus often appears as purple, itchy, flat bumps that develop over several weeks. In the mouth and genital mucosa, lichen planus forms lacy white patches, sometimes with painful sores. […] Symptoms of lichen planus vary depending on the part of the body affected. Nail disease usually affects several nails. Symptoms include: Purple, shiny, flat bumps, often on the inner forearms, wrists or ankles. Lines of rash where the skin has been scratched. Lacy white patches on the tongue or inside of the cheeks. Itchiness. Painful sores in the mouth or genitals. Rarely, hair loss. Nail scarring or loss. Dark lines from the tip of the nail to the base. […] Lichen planus can be difficult to treat on the vulva and in the vagina. It can cause scarring and severe pain. Sores on the genitals can make sex painful. Oral sores may affect your ability to eat. Oral lichen planus increases the risk of oral cancer. Rarely, lichen planus affects the ear canal. Left untreated, it may lead to hearing loss.

• #1 Lichen planus: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/lichen-planus-symptoms

  Lichen planus is a condition that can cause many different signs and symptoms, including small bumps on the skin, irritated gums, splitting nails, nail loss, itchy bumps on scalp, and hair loss. […] Not everyone develops itchy skin, but for some the bumps itch. The itch ranges from mild to intense. […] Some people develop dark spots called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). […] When lichen planus affects the mouth, its called oral lichen planus. […] Inside your mouth, you have swelling and a violet or red color. Some people develop painful sores, which can appear on the gums, tongue, or roof of the mouth. […] When this disease develops on the scalp, its called lichen planopilaris, or LPP. LPP often begins with small bumps on the scalp, and the scalp may feel irritated. […] When lichen planus appears on the nails, it may affect one, a few, or all 20 nails. […] As the disease progresses, the affected nails become thinner and start to split. Nails may stop growing. Some people permanently lose one or more nails. […] When lichen planus develops on the genitals, it can cause a rash, along with soreness, burning, itching, or pain.

• #1 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is an itchy rash that can occur anywhere on the body. […] The symptoms of lichen planus vary, depending on which area of the body is affected. […] Lichen planus causes symptoms like itchy skin and red, slightly raised, bumps. […] The symptoms of lichen planus of the skin are: purple-red coloured bumps (papules) that are slightly raised, shiny and have a flat top. The papules usually measure 3-5mm in diameter and may also have irregular white streaks (Wickham’s striae). […] Lichen planus of the skin often affects the wrists, ankles and lower back, although other parts of the body can also be affected. […] The symptoms of oral lichen planus are: a white pattern on the tongue and inner cheeks, red and white patches in the mouth, burning and discomfort in the mouth while eating or drinking, painful red gums.

• #1 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Location can be anywhere, but most often front of the wrists, lower back, and ankles. […] Colour depends on the patients skin type. New papules and plaques often have a purple or violet hue, except on palms and soles where they are yellowish-brown. […] Plaques resolve after some months to leave greyish-brown post-inflammatory macules that can take a year or longer to fade. […] The mouth is often the only affected area and often involves the inside of the cheeks and the sides of the tongue, but the gums and lips may also be involved. […] The most common patterns are: painless white streaks in a lacy or fern-like pattern (Wickham striae), painful and persistent erosions and ulcers (erosive LP), diffuse redness and peeling of the gums (desquamative gingivitis), localized inflammation of the gums adjacent to amalgam fillings.

• #1 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  The symptoms of lichen planus of the penis are: purple or white ring-shaped patches on the tip of the penis (glans), bumps (papules) that are flat-topped and shiny, a non-itchy rash. […] The symptoms of lichen planus of the vulva and vagina include: soreness, burning and rawness around the vulva, the vulva may be covered in white streaks and be a red, pink or pale white colour, if the vagina is affected, sexual intercourse can be painful, if the outer layers of skin break down, moist, red patches can form, scar tissue can form, which distorts the shape of the vagina, a sticky yellow or green discharge, which may be bloodstained, the opening of the vagina can become narrowed. […] Lichen planus can sometimes affect other areas, including: the nails which can become thinner, ridged and grooved, or they may become darker, thicker or raised; they may sometimes shed or stop growing, the scalp red patches can appear around clusters of hair; in some cases, permanent hair loss can occur.

• #1 Lichen Planus – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/psoriasis-and-scaling-diseases/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus is a recurrent, pruritic, inflammatory eruption characterized by small, discrete, polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules that may coalesce into rough scaly plaques, often accompanied by oral and/or genital lesions. […] Typical lesions are pruritic, violaceous (purple), polygonal, flat-topped papules and plaques. Erythema may look more purple or brown on dark skin than on light skin. Lesions initially are 2 to 4 mm in diameter, with angular borders and a distinct sheen in cross-lighting. […] They are usually symmetrically distributed, most commonly on the flexor surfaces of the wrists, legs, trunk, glans penis, and oral and vaginal mucosae but can be widespread. The face is rarely involved. Onset may be abrupt or gradual. […] During the acute phase, new papules may appear at sites of minor skin injury (Koebner phenomenon), such as a superficial scratch. Lesions may coalesce or change over time, becoming hyperpigmented, atrophic, hyperkeratotic (hypertrophic lichen planus), or vesiculobullous.

• #1 Lichen planus – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus can also appear in a line where the skin has been scratched or injured (this is called Koebners response). The rash can heal to leave marks which are darker than the original skin colour. […] In most patients, lichen planus will heal by itself, and not return. Some people, however, have recurrent episodes that may be spaced months or years apart. Unfortunately, some types of lichen planus, such as those affecting the scalp, nails, mouth or genitalia, can last for many years. Even after lichen planus has cleared, darker stains than the original skin colour may persist on the skin for a long time, particularly those who have skin of colour. […] There is a low risk of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) developing in areas of persisting, severe lichen planus, such as in hypertrophic lichen planus or affecting mucous surfaces (erosive lichen planus) such as in the mouth and gums, vulva and vagina, and penis.

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus is a disease that can affect the skin and any lining mucosa. This could be the oral, esophageal, vaginal mucosa as well as the skin. Often, it is found only in the oral cavity. Overall, lichen planus affects approximately 2 percent of the population. Although the disorder may occur in all age groups, women over the age 50 years are most commonly affected. […] The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking.

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a long-lasting disease that affects your mouth, causing symptoms such as painful white patches, redness, and swelling. It can be mild for some and more severe for others. Symptoms can come on slowly or start all at once. Your symptoms may begin with: Dryness, A metallic, burning taste in your mouth. Then you may see: White patches on your tongue, cheeks, and gums, which can appear as tiny dots or lines forming a lace-like pattern, Redness and swelling, Peeling or blistering. These sores may burn and be painful. They’ll likely hurt the most when you eat or drink foods that are spicy, salty, acidic (orange juice, tomatoes), or alcoholic. Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition, meaning it does not go away. If you have a milder form of the condition, you may not need treatment. However, if you do have symptoms, your doctor can help you manage them. No, it’s a chronic condition, which means it won’t go away but your symptoms are treatable.

• #1 Lichen Planus – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/psoriasis-and-scaling-diseases/lichen-planus

  The oral mucosa is involved in about 50% of cases; oral lesions may occur without cutaneous lesions. Reticulated, lacy, bluish white, linear lesions (Wickham striae) are a hallmark of oral lichen planus, especially on the buccal mucosae. […] An erosive form of lichen planus may occur in which the patient develops shallow, often painful, recurrent oral ulcers, which, if long-standing, rarely become cancerous. Chronic exacerbations and remissions are common. […] Vulvar and vaginal mucosae are often involved. Up to 50% of women with oral mucosal findings have undiagnosed vulvar lichen planus. In men, genital involvement is common, especially of the glans penis. […] Nails are involved in up to 10% of cases. Findings vary in intensity with nail bed discoloration, longitudinal ridging and lateral thinning, and complete loss of the nail matrix and nail, with scarring of the proximal nail fold onto the nail bed (pterygium formation).

• #1 Oral lichen planus // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  Symptoms of oral lichen planus affect the mucous membranes of the mouth. […] Signs differ based on the type of oral lichen planus. For example: […] The white, lacy patches of reticular oral lichen planus may not cause pain, soreness or other discomfort when they appear on the insides of the cheeks. But symptoms of erosive oral lichen planus that may occur along with red, swollen patches or open sores include: […] Severe cases of oral lichen planus may raise the risk of: […] Oral lichen planus is a lifelong condition. Mild forms may go away on their own but flare up later. […] If you have no pain or other discomfort, and you only have white, lacy signs of oral lichen planus in your mouth, you may not need any treatment. For more-severe symptoms, you may need one or more of the options below.

• #1 Lichen planus – Autoimmune Association

  https://autoimmune.org/disease-information/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is a condition that forms an itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth. […] Symptoms you may see include mouth sores that will sometimes form painful ulcers, skin sores that are itchy and have even sides (symmetrical) and sharp borders, dry mouth, hair loss, metallic taste in the mouth, and ridges in the nails (nail abnormalities). […] Lichen planus is usually not harmful. It usually gets better with treatment. The condition often clears up within 18 months but may come and go for years.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  Patients with oral lichen planus often have concomitant manifestations in other extraoral sites. Oral lichen planus lesions are often asymptomatic. However, the condition is occasionally complicated by extensive painful erosions, leading to a considerable decrease in quality of life. […] There are four forms of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophic, bullous, and erosive. The erosive form leads to ulcerated, painful, erythematous areas that may contract secondary infection, such as candidiasis. […] Lichen planus affecting the genitalia is more common in men. It typically presents on the glans penis and may have an annular pattern. Dyspareunia and pruritus are common with vulvar and vaginal lesions. […] Approximately 10 percent of patients with lichen planus present with scalp and nail variants. Scalp lesions (lichen planopilaris) are violaceous, scaly, pruritic papules that can progress to scarring alopecia if untreated.

• #1 Lichen planus | The Royal Women’s Hospital

  https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/vulva-vagina/vulva-vagina-problems/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus (said ‘like-en plain-us’) is an inflammatory condition that can cause bumps on your skin and/or sores in moist areas like your mouth and vagina and around your vulva. […] It is often painful and sometimes itchy. If it is not treated, lichen planus can cause permanent scarring and possibly cancer. […] For most women it is a lifelong condition. […] Symptoms include: reddish brown patches on the inner part of the vulva, pain or burning around the vulva and/or vagina, itchiness in the vulvar area. […] In severe cases, lichen planus can cause scarring which changes the structure of your vagina and vulva. The labia minora may appear flattened, the clitoris can become buried under its hood, the opening of the vagina may shrink or the sides of the vagina may fuse together. […] Unfortunately there is no cure or way to get rid of lichen planus completely. There are ways though to reduce or lessen the symptoms so that you can live comfortably with it.

• #1 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus may affect the labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal introitus. Presentation includes: painless white streaks in a lacy or fern-like pattern, painful and persistent erosions and ulcers (erosive LP), scarring, resulting in adhesions, resorption of labia minora and introital stenosis, painful desquamative vaginitis, preventing intercourse and causing a mucky vaginal discharge; the eroded vagina may bleed easily on contact. […] Lichen planopilaris presents as tiny red spiny follicular papules and extending smooth areas on the scalp or less often, elsewhere on the body. […] Rarely, blistering occurs in the lesions. […] Destruction of the hair follicles leads to permanently bald patches characterised by sparse 'lonely hairs’. […] Lichen planus can have a chronic remitting and relapsing course.

• #1 Understanding Vulval Lichen Planus Symptoms | Dr Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/articles/vulval-lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus can affect any areas of skin and also can affect mucosal surfaces such as the nasal cavity, the mouth and the vagina. About 50% of women who have oral lichen planus will also have vulvar lichen planus. Oral lichen planus often presents as white plaques or ulcers in the mouth. […] The most common symptoms of vulvar lichen planus are pain, burning, and less commonly, an itch. Occasionally the disease is totally asymptomatic and is found on a routine examination. […] The majority of people who have symptoms of lichen planus complain of soreness of the vulva or vagina, a burning feeling or less commonly, an itch. The disease can affect the vulva alone, or in about 50% of cases affects the vulva and the vaginal skin. You may notice that the skin of the vulva has a glaze, or even eroded appearance and it often looks moist and red in association with this glazed look. It is almost as if the skin of the vulva is covered by glass. Because the commonest form of lichen planus on the vulva which is called erosive lichen planus can be associated with loss of architecture, or fusion of skin, you may also notice loss of skin of the labia minora or some scar tissue, especially scar tissue which may bury the clitoris.

• #1 Lichen planus | The Royal Women’s Hospital

  https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/vulva-vagina/vulva-vagina-problems/lichen-planus

  You might find sex painful however, because scarring can make the vulvar skin (and vaginal opening) tight and more likely to split. […] Lichen planus can affect the vulva and vagina. […] There are treatments that can help you successfully manage the symptoms. […] Lichen planus is not contagious and it is okay to have sex.

• #1 Lichen planopilaris | About the Disease | GARD

  https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3247/lichen-planopilaris

  Lichen planopilaris (LPP) affects the scalp and hair. It is a form of lichen planus, an inflammatory condition affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms may include scaly skin and redness around hair follicles, bald patches, and pain, burning, or itching on the scalp. Tiny, red bumps (papules) may appear around hair clusters. LLP can cause scarring which leads to permanent hair loss (cicatricial alopecia). […] Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as an Adult. […] The types of symptoms experienced, and their intensity, may vary among people with this disease. Your experience may be different from others. […] The following describes the symptom(s) associated with this disease along with the corresponding body system(s), description, synonyms, and frequency (Note: Not all possible symptoms may be listed): Skin System […] Alopecia […] A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.

• #1 Lichen Planus > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/lichen-planus

  Sores on gums, which may be painful enough to cause difficulty eating and drinking. […] Around 10% of cases involve the fingernails or, less frequently, the toenails. Symptoms include: Development of ridges on nails, Splitting, Nail may loosen or separate from the nail bed, Outer edges of nail may recede, leaving a thin nail (called lateral thinning). […] A type of lichen planus, called lichen planopilaris, may affect the scalp. Symptoms include: Small, scaly pink, violet, or red bumps around the hair follicles on the scalp, which may be itchy, Hair loss (which is usually permanent). […] Lichen planus can affect the genitals of men and women. On the skin, a rash of flat-topped papules, red or purple in color, may appear on the head of the penis or the clitoral hood and inner labia. In women, lichen planus may cause sores in the vulva and vagina that can be painful and, if untreated, can result in scarring.

• #1 Lichen Planopilaris — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planopilaris

  Lichen planopilaris is an uncommon inflammatory condition that can lead to permanent hair loss. […] The disease is considered to be a form of lichen planus which affects the hair follicles. It results in patchy, progressive, permanent hair loss mainly on the scalp, although other hair bearing skin (brows, pubic, and body) may be affected. […] Lichen planopilaris typically presents as smooth white patches of scalp hair loss. No hair follicle openings can be seen in the areas of hair loss. Scale and redness surround each hair follicle at the edges of these patches, which may be spiny on palpation. Hairs can be easily pulled out. It is multifocal and small areas may merge to form larger irregular areas. […] Symptoms are often absent, but they may include: Itch, Pain, Tenderness, Discomfort, Burning.

• #1 Nail Lichen Planus: An Inflammatory Health Condition – The Waiting Room

  https://thewaitingroom.karger.com/knowledge-transfer/nail-lichen-planus-an-inflammatory-health-condition/

  Nail lichen planus is observed in 10 to 15% of cases of those with lichen planus. In some cases, it could be the only symptom of lichen planus. If not treated, it is one of the few conditions that could lead to permanent nail loss. […] The nails can show different abnormalities in morphology. There could be issues of attachment of nail plate, nail plate thinning, changes in nail surface or color, raised vertical lines on the nail, splitting of nail along the length, or excessive skin tissue between nail plate on top and the nail bed (the part of the nail below the nail plate). In advanced stages, it can lead to a condition called dorsal pterygium which causes the skin from the lower end of the nail to grow and fuse with the matrix underneath it and ultimately the nail bed. Nail lichen planus must be treated immediately after diagnosis to avoid permanent disfiguration.

• #1 Lichen Planus &nbsp|&nbsp American Skin Association

  https://www.americanskin.org/resource/lichen.php

  Lichen planus of the skin usually causes itching. Lichen planus causes itching with an intensity that varies in different people from mild to severe. Lichen planus can appear on any area of the skin. The most common areas are the inner wrists, the forearms and the ankles. Lichen planus of the nails can cause brittle or split nails, and the affected nails may have ridges running lengthwise. In the mouth, lichen planus looks like lacy white patches on the inside of the cheeks or on the tongue. Oral lesions do not usually cause symptoms, though severe outbreaks may cause painful sores and ulcers that make it hard to eat and drink. Lichen planus can affect the female genitals, including the vagina. In the vulva or vagina, it may appear as bright red patches or sores. Genital lichen planus does not usually cause symptoms, but open sores may be quite tender.

• #1 Oral lichen planus // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/oral-lichen-planus

  The use of some medicines, such as steroids placed on the skin, can lead to the overgrowth of yeast. This is known as a secondary infection. […] If your oral lichen planus seems linked to a trigger, such as a medicine, an allergen or stress, your healthcare professional can recommend how to deal with the trigger. […] In addition to regular medical and dental treatment, these self-care measures may make your oral lichen planus symptoms better or help prevent episodes of severe symptoms from coming back from time to time:

• #1 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting the skin and mucous membranes. This condition typically presents as itchy, violaceous papules and plaques commonly located on the wrists, lower back, and ankles. A distinctive lattice of white lines, known as Wickham striae, often overlays the lesions and is most easily visible on the buccal mucosa, where erosions may also occur. […] The natural course of lichen planus varies widely. Most patients with cutaneous lesions experience spontaneous resolution within 1 to 2 years of onset. However, recurrences are common, and residual skin hyperpigmentation often persists. In contrast, oral lichen planus tends to be a chronic condition that may or may not remit over time. Drug-induced lichen planus typically improves gradually after discontinuation of the offending medication.

• #1 Lichen planus

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is a rash that can affect different parts of your body, including the inside of your mouth. See a GP if you think you might have it. The main symptoms of lichen planus include: clusters of shiny, raised, purple-red blotches on your arms, legs or body (you may see fine white lines on the blotches) the rash may be harder to see on black or brown skin […] white patches on your gums, tongue or the insides of your cheeks […] burning and stinging in your mouth, especially when you eat or drink […] bald patches appearing on your scalp […] sore red patches on your vulva […] rough, thinning nails with grooves on […] ring-shaped purple or white patches on your penis. You may only have 1 of these symptoms. Lichen planus on your skin can be very itchy, but not always. Lichen planus on your skin usually gets better on its own in about 9 to 18 months. Lichen planus in your mouth can last for several years. Mouthwashes and sprays from a GP can help ease symptoms like burning or sore gums.

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. But with OLP, it happens for unknown reasons and ends up damaging the thin tissue (mucosa) lining your cheeks, gums and tongue. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can cause abnormal tissue (lesions) to form in your mouth. It can make your mouth hurt. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. Often, they occur as occasional flare-ups that go away on their own or with treatment. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Research shows that about 1% to 4% of people develop oral cancer. The chance is greater if you have erosive oral lichen planus (the more severe form). Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids (the type you rub on the lesions). With a shot, it may take two to three treatments to feel better. With pills, it may take a few weeks. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission. Remission means there aren’t any signs or symptoms of OLP.

• #1 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  Most cases of lichen planus of the skin clear up on their own within 6 to 9 months. The rash rarely lasts longer than 18 months. However, oral lichen planus and lichen planus that affects the genital area may be more persistent. […] Erosive lichen planus is a long-lasting (chronic) form of lichen planus that causes painful ulcers to develop, as well as burning and discomfort in the genital areas of both male and females.

• #1 Lichen planus Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus is a condition that forms a very itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth. […] Mouth sores are one symptom of lichen planus. They: […] Skin sores are another symptom of lichen planus. They: […] Other symptoms of lichen planus are: […] Lichen planus is usually not harmful. Most often, it gets better with treatment. The condition often clears up within 18 months, but may come and go for years. […] If lichen planus is caused by a medicine you are taking, the rash should go away once you stop the medicine.

• #1 Lichen Planus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123213-overview

  Some cases recur. […] In LP, atrophy and scarring are seen in hypertrophic lesions and in lesions on the scalp. […] Cutaneous LP does not carry a risk of skin cancer, but ulcerative lesions in the mouth, particularly in men, do occasionally exhibit malignant transformation; however, the rate of malignant transformation for oral LP is low (2% in one report). […] Vulvar lesions in women may also be associated with squamous cell carcinoma.

• #1 Lichen planus

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/patient-info-leaflets/lichen-planus

  In certain situations, such as hypertrophic lichen planus (very thickened areas of lichen planus, more common in patients with skin of colour), rapid change, growth, pain, or bleeding from an otherwise longstanding area of lichen planus could indicate the development of a squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancer) and patients must seek urgent advice from their GP or specialist. […] Lichen planus has been associated with depression, anxiety, irritability, and stress. It is an itchy condition, mostly, and itch is a frustrating symptom. It is not a surprise that symptoms are worse when once is rundown, tired, stressed, and their mood affected, and vice versa. […] Lichen planus cannot be cured by treatments. In most cases, lichen planus resolves itself. Available treatments aim to improve symptoms, make the disease course milder, and aim to reduce risks such as permanent hair loss. Lichen planus can sometimes have a waxing and waning course before eventually resolving; here, there may be periods of active disease, marked by symptoms such as itch or soreness, interspersed with periods of inactivity, where there are no symptoms. Lichen planus on the skin may resolve with staining where rashes may look dark. These patches may take years to resolve; sometimes, they are permanent.

• #1 What is Lichen Planus? – Orlando | UCF Health

  https://ucfhealth.com/what-is-lichen-planus/

  Upon closer inspection, the bumps may have white flakes or gray streaks (called Wickhams Striae). In most individuals, lichen planus is itchy, but the severity varies. Most commonly, this inflammatory condition happens in the mouth, on the insides of the wrists, ankles, scalp, and arms. When it affects the scalp, hair loss can occur. […] Symptoms caused by lichen planus may include: Dry mouth, Blistering gums, Loss of taste, Metallic taste, Irritation or pain when eating spicy and acidic food, Pain when having intercourse, Discharge from the penis or lesions on the vagina, Hair loss. […] While lichen planus is treatable, it is not curable. There are some complications that may arise depending on how bad ones condition is or how long theyve waited to seek treatment. […] Here are some common complications brought on by this inflammatory disease: Hyperpigmentation. Even once the lesions clear, skin may stay discolored and not return back to its original pigmentation. This tends to more drastically affect individuals with darker skin.

• #1 What is Lichen Planus? – Orlando | UCF Health

  https://ucfhealth.com/what-is-lichen-planus/

  Alopecia. When lichen planus appears on the scalp, it forms plaques that encircle hair follicles, often causing hair loss. If these lesions scar, permanent hair loss in those areas is highly likely as the actual follicle will remain plugged with scar tissue. […] Erosive Lichen Planus. When this rash appears on the genitals, the skin affected may be red, raw, and painful. This would limit an individuals intimate life, reproductive goals, and overall mental health. […] Esophageal Stenosis. As lesions take over the throat growing on the esophagus and windpipe severe dysphagia may occur. This makes it difficult and painful to talk, sing, yell, and swallow. Weight loss, malnutrition, pneumonia, muscle loss, and malaise due to depression may occur. […] Psychological effects. No which part of the body that lichen planus affects, patients experiencing this inflammatory condition may have severe psychological complications. Oral, genital, and scalp can wreak havoc on ones confidence, physical well-being, ability to interact, to date, to eat, to partake in all of the things that make life so beautiful.

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-lichen-planus

  When the lesions are white and lacy, they typically dont present much pain or discomfort. If theyre red and swollen or open sores, you may feel pain or discomfort. Symptoms could include: burning or stinging pain in the affected area, pain or discomfort when speaking, eating, or drinking (If you have open sores, you may experience this pain even without eating or drinking.), increased sensitivity to acidic, spicy, coarsely textured, or hot foods, inflammation of your gums, including bleeding when brushing your teeth. […] Oral lichen planus can cause significant pain when eating or drinking. Avoiding eating or drinking may lead to weight loss or nutritional deficiency. […] Oral lichen planus can increase the risk of secondary yeast or fungal infections. Open sores also have a higher risk of bacterial infections. […] Erosive and ulcerated lesions from oral lichen planus may cause scarring on the affected areas. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition. The symptoms can be managed, but the condition itself cant be cured.

• #1 Lichen planus: Symptoms, types, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184866

  nail loss. […] Nail loss can be temporary or permanent. […] Those with a penis may develop bumps and white streaks that appear in a ring around the glans of the penis. […] A person may experience: […] painless white streaks in a lacy pattern […] ulcers that are painful and persistent […] painful vaginitis, which can cause a vaginal discharge and pain. […] Scarring can also occur. […] According to a 2023 article, lichen planus can resolve without treatment. If medications are the cause, the rash should resolve once a person stops taking the medication. […] Cutaneous lichen planus often resolves without treatment within 12 years. However, recurrence is common, and the rash can cause hyperpigmentation. […] Oral lichen planus may resolve within 5 years. However, it is more likely to be chronic and may return. […] Erosive lichen planus is a long lasting form of the condition. It causes painful ulcers to develop and may cause discomfort and burning on the genitals. […] In 2% of cases, long-term erosive lichen planus may develop into types of cancer, such as oral cancer, vulval cancer, and penile cancer.

• #1 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus may cause a small number or many lesions on the skin and mucosal surfaces. […] The usual presentation of the disease is classical lichen planus. Symptoms can range from none (uncommon) to intense itch. […] Papules and polygonal plaques are shiny, flat-topped, and firm on palpation. […] The plaques are crossed by fine white lines called Wickham striae. […] Hypertrophic lichen planus can be a scaly and pruritic rash. […] Atrophic lichen planus is a rare annular variant with an atrophic centre. […] Annular lichen planus describes the development of violaceous plaques with central clearing often involving penis, scrotum, and intertriginous areas. […] Size ranges from pinpoint to larger than a centimetre. […] Distribution may be scattered, clustered, linear, annular, or actinic (sun-exposed sites such as face, neck, and backs of the hands).

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://ent-hns.net/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a disease of chronic inflammation in the mouth. It affects one to two percent of adults, usually after the age of 40. […] Patients experience patches, ulcers, or blisters inside their mouths which can vary from painless to painful and can persist for years between flareups. In almost all cases, the lining of the mouth shows lacy white patterns upon close examination. […] If you have oral lichen planus, you may see: Networks of fine white lines on your inner cheeks, tongue, or gums; Painful white patches, ulcers, or blisters on your inner cheeks, tongue, or gums; Redness surrounding these lesions inside your mouth; Lesions that persist for years, becoming more painful when you’re anxious or stressed; Itchy, bumpy, purplish rash on your wrists, ankles, or lower back.

• #1 Lichen Planus: Symptoms and Treatment | Pinnacle Dermatology

  https://www.pinnacleskin.com/conditions/lichen-planus

  Lichen Planus is a common inflammatory skin condition that affects many people. It typically appears as small, itchy bumps or a rash, often found on the torso, wrists, ankles, and inside the mouth. In some cases, it can also impact the appearance of fingernails and toenails. This chronic condition is believed to be related to an immune system disorder and can cause significant discomfort and cosmetic concerns. […] The quantity of these distinctive eruptions can vary from a few to numerous, commonly appearing on areas like wrists, lower back, and ankles. […] Stress may exacerbate lichen planus symptoms, but it’s not a direct cause. Managing stress through relaxation techniques and a healthy lifestyle may help improve overall well-being. […] Lichen planus is a chronic condition, and while there is no cure, various treatments can help manage symptoms. Dermatologists may prescribe topical or oral medications, phototherapy, or other interventions depending on the severity and location of the lesions.

• #1 Lichen planus – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/624?q=Lichen%20planus&c=suggested

  Lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes, usually self-limiting in nature. […] Characteristic eruption consists of itchy, shiny, flat-topped violaceous papules and plaques favouring the extremities. […] White net-like patches or ulceration of mucous membranes, nail deformity, scarring alopecia, and other types of skin lesions may also occur. […] Most patients develop the disease between the age of 30 and 60 years. […] Hepatitis C infection may increase susceptibility, especially to oral disease. […] Key diagnostic factors include pruritus, violaceous, flat-topped papules or plaques, Wickham’s striae, mucosal erosions and lacy white network, scarring alopecia, and nail involvement. […] Risk factors include hepatitis C (in some patient populations) and psychosocial stress.

• #1 Lichen Planus | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus has no cure and will likely go away on its own over time. But treatment can help ease your symptoms and speed healing. Possible treatments are: […] Some evidence suggests that oral lichen planus may be an early warning for oral cancer. […] Lichen planus is associated with hepatitis C, reaction to metal fillings, an autoimmune disorder, and certain medicines. […] The most common symptom is shiny red or purple bumps on the skin. […] Inside the mouth, lichen planus looks like lacy patches of tiny white dots. […] Treatment is difficult and may include medicines like steroids or retinoic acid.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Lichen Planus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0701/p53.html

  Lichen planus is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease that affects the skin, oral mucosa, genital mucosa, scalp, and nails. Onset is usually acute, affecting the flexor surfaces of the wrists, forearms, and legs. Lichen planus may resolve spontaneously within one to two years, although recurrences are common. However, lichen planus on mucous membranes may be more persistent and resistant to treatment. […] Lichen planus can appear at any age, but most cases occur between 30 and 60 years of age. […] Lichen planus lesions are described using the six P’s (planar [flat-topped], purple, polygonal, pruritic, papules, plaques). The lesions may appear in a linear configuration, following the lines of trauma (Koebner phenomenon). It is common to see post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation as the cutaneous lesions clear, especially in persons with darker skin.

• #1 Oral Lichen Planus – Oral Medicine Mountain View – Oral Lichen Planus Symptoms

  https://www.oralmedicinemountainview.com/clinical-services/oral-lichen-planus/

  Oral lichen planus is managed with use of medications if there is any discomfort associated with the oral lichen planus. In addition, regular oral examinations to monitor for and to enable early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma are recommended. […] Yes, regular oral examinations are recommended for all patients with oral lichen planus.

• #1 Understanding Vulval Lichen Planus Symptoms | Dr Len Kliman

  https://drlenkliman.com.au/articles/vulval-lichen-planus/

  Intercourse may be painful, especially if there are erosions at the vaginal opening or within the vagina. These erosions can be associated with bleeding after intercourse. […] Less commonly the skin may have a thickened appearance or areas of plaque formation and it is sometimes difficult to differentiate these plaques from an early form of skin cancer and in this case, a biopsy may be necessary under local anaesthetic. If you have lichen planus on the skin of other parts of your body the rash often has a purple colour and may be quite fine with some white streakiness. The white streaky areas almost have a lacy appearance. […] It is important in all women with lichen planus to watch for skin cancer changes which are known to occur in 3 5% of all women with lichen planus. You will be followed regularly to ensure that this is not occurring as the skin cancers often develop particularly slowly. However, if at any time you notice a new raised or bleeding area, or an area which is not healing, or that seems to have changed in any way, it is important that you ring the rooms so you can be seen quickly.

• #1 Lichen planus: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/lichen-planus-treatment

  Your dermatologist can often diagnose lichen planus by: […] Asking about your symptoms, such as itch, pain, or swelling. […] Not everyone needs treatment. Your dermatologist may recommend treatment to relieve symptoms like itch or prevent the condition from worsening. […] When lichen planus appears on the skin, it may go away on its own. Many people see clearing after one year. […] If lichen planus develops on the scalp, its called lichen planopilaris, and you want to treat it. Treatment can prevent loss of hair on the scalp, eyebrows, or both. However, treatment is unlikely to regrow lost hair. […] When lichen planus affects the mouth, its called oral lichen planus. If you have a mild form, you may not need treatment. Mild disease tends to go away on its own in time. […] When lichen planus affects your nails, diagnosing and treating it early are essential. Early treatment can stop this nail disease from worsening. […] When lichen planus affects the genitals, it can cause discomfort, itch, pain, or scarring. A few patients have developed skin cancer. Treatment can prevent the condition from progressing and reduce symptoms.

• #2 Lichen Planus: What It Is, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17723-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus causes a rash with small, discolored dots on your skin. These dots are typically less than 1 cm wide. […] Lichen planus symptoms depend on where its affecting your body: Tiny, raised dots may develop on your skin, including your genitals. The dots are about the size of the tip of a pin (0.4 mm), and they may grow to the width of a pencil (1 cm). They may also develop into sores. […] About half of all people who have lichen planus develop oral lichen planus, which affects the skin inside of your mouth and your tongue. […] If you have lichen planus on your skin, in most cases, it goes away without treatment in as little as a few months to several years. […] If you have lichen planus in your mouth, in most cases, it goes away within five years. […] Lichen planus can be managed without treatment. But most cases will require treatment. If you have lichen planus on your skin, it may take a few months or a few years to go away. If you have oral lichen planus, it may take up to five years to go away. Therapy and home remedies can provide relief if you experience any symptoms.

• #2 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus may cause a small number or many lesions on the skin and mucosal surfaces. […] The usual presentation of the disease is classical lichen planus. Symptoms can range from none (uncommon) to intense itch. […] Papules and polygonal plaques are shiny, flat-topped, and firm on palpation. […] The plaques are crossed by fine white lines called Wickham striae. […] Hypertrophic lichen planus can be a scaly and pruritic rash. […] Atrophic lichen planus is a rare annular variant with an atrophic centre. […] Annular lichen planus describes the development of violaceous plaques with central clearing often involving penis, scrotum, and intertriginous areas. […] Size ranges from pinpoint to larger than a centimetre. […] Distribution may be scattered, clustered, linear, annular, or actinic (sun-exposed sites such as face, neck, and backs of the hands).

• #2 Lichen planus

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lichen-planus/

  Lichen planus is a rash that can affect different parts of your body, including the inside of your mouth. See a GP if you think you might have it. The main symptoms of lichen planus include: clusters of shiny, raised, purple-red blotches on your arms, legs or body (you may see fine white lines on the blotches) the rash may be harder to see on black or brown skin […] white patches on your gums, tongue or the insides of your cheeks […] burning and stinging in your mouth, especially when you eat or drink […] bald patches appearing on your scalp […] sore red patches on your vulva […] rough, thinning nails with grooves on […] ring-shaped purple or white patches on your penis. You may only have 1 of these symptoms. Lichen planus on your skin can be very itchy, but not always. Lichen planus on your skin usually gets better on its own in about 9 to 18 months. Lichen planus in your mouth can last for several years. Mouthwashes and sprays from a GP can help ease symptoms like burning or sore gums.

• #2 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Location can be anywhere, but most often front of the wrists, lower back, and ankles. […] Colour depends on the patients skin type. New papules and plaques often have a purple or violet hue, except on palms and soles where they are yellowish-brown. […] Plaques resolve after some months to leave greyish-brown post-inflammatory macules that can take a year or longer to fade. […] The mouth is often the only affected area and often involves the inside of the cheeks and the sides of the tongue, but the gums and lips may also be involved. […] The most common patterns are: painless white streaks in a lacy or fern-like pattern (Wickham striae), painful and persistent erosions and ulcers (erosive LP), diffuse redness and peeling of the gums (desquamative gingivitis), localized inflammation of the gums adjacent to amalgam fillings.

• #2 Lichen Planus | Skin Care | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/skin/treatments/conditions/lichen-planus

  You may have reddish-purple, flat bumps on your skin. These bumps may be itchy. They can appear anywhere on the body, but they usually appear around the wrists and ankles. […] Other locations and symptoms include: […] Fingernails/toenails — nail ridges and grooves, nail thinning and splitting, and nail loss […] Genitals — sores and red areas […] Mouth — smooth white or red patches on the tongue, inner cheek, or gums […] Scalp — redness and hair loss.

• #2 Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Risks

  https://www.healthline.com/health/lichen-planus

  Some of the most common symptoms of lichen planus include: purplish-colored lesions or bumps with flat tops on your skin or genitals […] lesions that develop and spread over the body for several weeks or a few months […] itching at the site of the rash, which commonly appears on the wrists, lower back, and ankles […] lacy-white lesions in the mouth, which may be painful or cause a burning sensation […] blisters, which burst and become scabby […] thin white lines over the rash. […] The most common type of lichen planus affects the skin. Over the course of several weeks, lesions appear and spread. Lichen planus of the skin usually goes away on its own within 1 to 2 years. After the rash is gone, the skin in the affected area may appear darker. […] Oral lichen planus can clear up within 5 years but often comes back. If the rash is caused by medication, it usually goes away once you’re no longer taking the medication.

• #2 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17875-oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tissue lining inside your mouth. Symptoms include skin changes that look like white patches or lacy threads on the inside of your cheeks. Or your gums may be bright red in some areas. Oral lichen planus can cause lacy white streaks on the inside your mouth. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a condition that causes inflammation inside your mouth. But with OLP, it happens for unknown reasons and ends up damaging the thin tissue (mucosa) lining your cheeks, gums and tongue. Oral lichen planus isn’t dangerous. It can cause abnormal tissue (lesions) to form in your mouth. It can make your mouth hurt. Signs and symptoms depend on which type of OLP you have. Often, they occur as occasional flare-ups that go away on their own or with treatment. You may have: White, web-like lesions inside your cheeks or on your tongue, White spots or patches on your tongue or gums, Ulcers on your gums, tongue or the roof of your mouth, Bright red gums, Mild to severe pain, especially when you brush your teeth or eat certain foods (especially acidic, crunchy, salty or spicy foods). Oral lichen planus can lead to weight loss if eating hurts so much that you skip meals. Damage to the mucosa inside your mouth can also increase your risk of yeast and bacterial infections. Research shows that about 1% to 4% of people develop oral cancer. The chance is greater if you have erosive oral lichen planus (the more severe form). Most people notice major symptom relief within a month of using topical corticosteroids (the type you rub on the lesions). With a shot, it may take two to three treatments to feel better. With pills, it may take a few weeks. Oral lichen planus never fully goes away. But this doesn’t mean you have to live with uncomfortable symptoms. Most people have periods of both symptom flares and remission. Remission means there aren’t any signs or symptoms of OLP.

• #2 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-lichen-planus

  Oral lichen planus can cause white lesions to appear in your mouth, often on the insides of your cheeks. […] In cases of oral lichen planus, the mucous membranes inside your mouth are the only area affected. Oral lichen planus presents symptoms different from other cases of lichen planus. Instead of a rash, people may experience swollen tissues, white patches, and open sores. […] Lesions from oral lichen planus appear inside of your mouth. They can be present on these areas: inside of your cheeks (the most common location for these lesions), gums, tongue, inner tissues of your lips, palate. […] Lesions can appear as either white, lacy, raised patches of tissue that resemble spiderwebs or tender, swollen patches that are bright red. They can also appear as or develop into open sores (ulceration).

• #2 Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123213-clinical

  Hypertrophic lesions are often chronic; residual pigmentation and scarring can occur when the lesions eventually clear. […] Erosive/ulcerative lichen planus lesions are found on the mucosal surfaces and evolve from sites of previous LP involvement. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in ulcerative oral LP. Cutaneous hypertrophic LP resulting in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was reported in a series of 38 patients. Pruritic and painful vulvar LP has been a precursor to SCC in a small number of cases.

• #2 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  The symptoms of lichen planus of the penis are: purple or white ring-shaped patches on the tip of the penis (glans), bumps (papules) that are flat-topped and shiny, a non-itchy rash. […] The symptoms of lichen planus of the vulva and vagina include: soreness, burning and rawness around the vulva, the vulva may be covered in white streaks and be a red, pink or pale white colour, if the vagina is affected, sexual intercourse can be painful, if the outer layers of skin break down, moist, red patches can form, scar tissue can form, which distorts the shape of the vagina, a sticky yellow or green discharge, which may be bloodstained, the opening of the vagina can become narrowed. […] Lichen planus can sometimes affect other areas, including: the nails which can become thinner, ridged and grooved, or they may become darker, thicker or raised; they may sometimes shed or stop growing, the scalp red patches can appear around clusters of hair; in some cases, permanent hair loss can occur.

• #2 Lichen planus: Symptoms, Types, and Treatment with Images — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planus

  Lichen planus may affect the labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal introitus. Presentation includes: painless white streaks in a lacy or fern-like pattern, painful and persistent erosions and ulcers (erosive LP), scarring, resulting in adhesions, resorption of labia minora and introital stenosis, painful desquamative vaginitis, preventing intercourse and causing a mucky vaginal discharge; the eroded vagina may bleed easily on contact. […] Lichen planopilaris presents as tiny red spiny follicular papules and extending smooth areas on the scalp or less often, elsewhere on the body. […] Rarely, blistering occurs in the lesions. […] Destruction of the hair follicles leads to permanently bald patches characterised by sparse 'lonely hairs’. […] Lichen planus can have a chronic remitting and relapsing course.

• #2 Lichen Planopilaris — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planopilaris

  Lichen planopilaris is an uncommon inflammatory condition that can lead to permanent hair loss. […] The disease is considered to be a form of lichen planus which affects the hair follicles. It results in patchy, progressive, permanent hair loss mainly on the scalp, although other hair bearing skin (brows, pubic, and body) may be affected. […] Lichen planopilaris typically presents as smooth white patches of scalp hair loss. No hair follicle openings can be seen in the areas of hair loss. Scale and redness surround each hair follicle at the edges of these patches, which may be spiny on palpation. Hairs can be easily pulled out. It is multifocal and small areas may merge to form larger irregular areas. […] Symptoms are often absent, but they may include: Itch, Pain, Tenderness, Discomfort, Burning.

• #2 Lichen Planus > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/lichen-planus

  Sores on gums, which may be painful enough to cause difficulty eating and drinking. […] Around 10% of cases involve the fingernails or, less frequently, the toenails. Symptoms include: Development of ridges on nails, Splitting, Nail may loosen or separate from the nail bed, Outer edges of nail may recede, leaving a thin nail (called lateral thinning). […] A type of lichen planus, called lichen planopilaris, may affect the scalp. Symptoms include: Small, scaly pink, violet, or red bumps around the hair follicles on the scalp, which may be itchy, Hair loss (which is usually permanent). […] Lichen planus can affect the genitals of men and women. On the skin, a rash of flat-topped papules, red or purple in color, may appear on the head of the penis or the clitoral hood and inner labia. In women, lichen planus may cause sores in the vulva and vagina that can be painful and, if untreated, can result in scarring.

• #2 Nail Lichen Planus: An Inflammatory Health Condition – The Waiting Room

  https://thewaitingroom.karger.com/knowledge-transfer/nail-lichen-planus-an-inflammatory-health-condition/

  Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect different parts of the body including the nails. It is not dangerous and may also go away on its own without treatment when mild. However, when it is moderately severe or severe, treatment is important to avoid any permanent issues. […] Lichen planus is an inflammatory health condition that can affect the skin, hair, mucous membranes, and nail. It is a benign and non-contagious condition which means it cannot be passed on by direct or indirect contact. […] On the skin, it is often seen as small, itchy purple rashes or bumps. It mostly occurs on the wrist, arm, back, and ankle. In mucosal membranes of the mouth and genital organs, vagina and penis, it can appear as white patches with painful sores. It may affect the nails, too, causing them to disfigure.

• #2 Lichen Planus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/

  The natural course of lichen planus varies significantly. Most patients with cutaneous lesions spontaneously clear within 1 to 2 years after initial presentation. However, recurrences are common, often resulting in residual skin hyperpigmentation. In contrast, oral lichen planus is a chronic disease that may or may not remit. Treatment-induced remission is typically followed by relapse. […] Cutaneous lichen planus often resolves spontaneously within 1 to 2 years, but residual hyperpigmentation is common. Oral lichen planus may resolve spontaneously within 5 years, but typically, it is a chronic disease with a remitting and relapsing course. Hair loss from LPP is permanent. Drug-induced lichen planus lesions resolve slowly after the causative medication is withdrawn.

• #2 Lichen Planus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123213-overview

  Lesions initially developing on flexural surfaces of the limbs, with a generalized eruption developing after a week or more and maximal spreading within 2-16 weeks. […] Pruritus of varying severity, depending on the type of lesion and the extent of involvement. […] Oral lesions that may be asymptomatic, burning, or even painful. […] In cutaneous disease, lesions typically resolve within 6 months (50%) to 18 months (85%); chronic disease is more likely with oral LP or with large, annular, hypertrophic lesions and mucous membrane involvement. […] LP is a self-limited disease that usually resolves over several months but can sometimes take years to do so. […] It recurs in about 20% of patients, and it may linger for years, particularly oral LP. […] The prognosis for LP is good, in that most cases regress within 18 months.

• #2 What is Lichen Planus? – Orlando | UCF Health

  https://ucfhealth.com/what-is-lichen-planus/

  Alopecia. When lichen planus appears on the scalp, it forms plaques that encircle hair follicles, often causing hair loss. If these lesions scar, permanent hair loss in those areas is highly likely as the actual follicle will remain plugged with scar tissue. […] Erosive Lichen Planus. When this rash appears on the genitals, the skin affected may be red, raw, and painful. This would limit an individuals intimate life, reproductive goals, and overall mental health. […] Esophageal Stenosis. As lesions take over the throat growing on the esophagus and windpipe severe dysphagia may occur. This makes it difficult and painful to talk, sing, yell, and swallow. Weight loss, malnutrition, pneumonia, muscle loss, and malaise due to depression may occur. […] Psychological effects. No which part of the body that lichen planus affects, patients experiencing this inflammatory condition may have severe psychological complications. Oral, genital, and scalp can wreak havoc on ones confidence, physical well-being, ability to interact, to date, to eat, to partake in all of the things that make life so beautiful.

• #2 Lichen Planopilaris — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/lichen-planopilaris

  Lichen planopilaris is usually slowly progressive. […] Treatment should be sought and provided early, as no treatment restores hairs that have already been lost and replaced by scarring. The aim of treatment is to slow the progression of the disease and relieve symptoms. Hair loss may continue, although at a slower rate. […] The prognosis of the disease cannot be predicted. It may improve on its own after a period of time, or can get progressively worse. The main goal of treatment is to stop the hair loss, but the response to treatment also varies amongst patients.

• #2 Vulvar Lichen Planus – Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment (PDF)

  https://gynqi.com/vulvar-lichen-planus/

  Vulvar Lichen Planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory condition mostly seen in individuals aged 50 to 60, characterized by painful bumps or sores in moist areas, including the vulva, vagina, and mouth. […] Symptoms can include vaginal burning, soreness, and painful intercourse, with severe cases potentially leading to scar tissue formation. […] Symptoms can include: Vaginal burning or soreness, Itching (occasionally), Painful intercourse. […] In severe cases, scar tissue can form, making penetrative sex impossible. […] While there currently is no cure for vulvar LP, treatments do exist to help manage symptoms and prevent the disease from progressing. […] After diagnosis, follow-up visits with your doctor may be every three to six months until symptoms are managed and under control. For stable disease, an annual check-up is recommended to monitor any suspicious areas on the vulvar skin, especially bleeding or non-healing regions. […] While low, there is a 3-5% risk of vulvar cancer with lichen planus.

• #2 Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/oral-lichen-planus

  When the lesions are white and lacy, they typically dont present much pain or discomfort. If theyre red and swollen or open sores, you may feel pain or discomfort. Symptoms could include: burning or stinging pain in the affected area, pain or discomfort when speaking, eating, or drinking (If you have open sores, you may experience this pain even without eating or drinking.), increased sensitivity to acidic, spicy, coarsely textured, or hot foods, inflammation of your gums, including bleeding when brushing your teeth. […] Oral lichen planus can cause significant pain when eating or drinking. Avoiding eating or drinking may lead to weight loss or nutritional deficiency. […] Oral lichen planus can increase the risk of secondary yeast or fungal infections. Open sores also have a higher risk of bacterial infections. […] Erosive and ulcerated lesions from oral lichen planus may cause scarring on the affected areas. […] Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition. The symptoms can be managed, but the condition itself cant be cured.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13555-023-00968-2

  Impact on emotional wellbeing was reported by all but one participant (n=12/13, 92.3%; CLP [n=4], LPP [n=4], MLP [n=4]), with feelings of embarrassment/self-consciousness (n=7/12, 58.3%) being the most frequently mentioned, followed by frustration/annoyance (n=6/12, 50.0%). […] Participants reported several signs and symptoms associated with LP, the most frequent of which were itch, pain, skin lesions, and a burning sensation. […] These signs and symptoms were also reported to have a significant impact on participants HRQoL. […] Participants described feeling depressed about the lack of resolution in symptoms and expressed worry that their symptoms may not improve or could worsen.

• #2 Lichen Planus: Symptoms and Treatment | Dermatology of Southeastern Ohio

  https://www.dermatologyofsoutheasternohio.com/conditions/lichen-planus

  Lichen Planus is a common inflammatory skin condition affecting many people. It typically appears as small, itchy bumps or a rash, often on the trunk, wrists, ankles, and inside the mouth. […] The quantity of these distinctive eruptions can vary from a few to numerous, commonly appearing on areas like wrists, lower back, and ankles. […] Stress may exacerbate lichen planus symptoms, but it’s not a direct cause. Managing stress through relaxation techniques and a healthy lifestyle may help improve overall well-being. […] Lichen planus is a chronic condition, and while there is no cure, various treatments can help manage symptoms.

• #2 Oral Lichen Planus

  https://www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus

  Lichen planus is a disease that can affect the skin and any lining mucosa. This could be the oral, esophageal, vaginal mucosa as well as the skin. Often, it is found only in the oral cavity. Overall, lichen planus affects approximately 2 percent of the population. Although the disorder may occur in all age groups, women over the age 50 years are most commonly affected. […] The erosive (atrophic) pattern can affect any mucosal surface, including the cheeks, tongue, and gums. This form often appears bright red due to the loss of the top layer of the mucosa in the affected area. In most instances, individuals with erosive lichen planus are uncomfortable when eating and drinking, particularly with extremes of temperature, acidic, coarse, or spicy foods. […] In severe cases, ulceration can develop. Individuals affected by ulcerations may experience pain even when not eating or drinking.

• #2 Lichen Planus > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/lichen-planus

  While there is no cure for lichen planus, many treatments can reduce the rash and alleviate the itching caused by the condition. In many cases, the condition eventually goes away, without treatment, six months to two years following its onset. […] Usually lichen planus clears up on its own within two years of onset but for some, particularly when there is oral, vaginal, or nail involvement, the condition lingers longer and may sometimes recur. Depending on the severity of the rash, lichen planus can cause scarring. […] Also, lichen planus that causes sores in the mouth or that affects the genitals has been associated with a slightly higher risk of oral cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the genitals, respectively.

• #3 Lichen planus: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/lichen-planus-symptoms

  Lichen planus is a condition that can cause many different signs and symptoms, including small bumps on the skin, irritated gums, splitting nails, nail loss, itchy bumps on scalp, and hair loss. […] Not everyone develops itchy skin, but for some the bumps itch. The itch ranges from mild to intense. […] Some people develop dark spots called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). […] When lichen planus affects the mouth, its called oral lichen planus. […] Inside your mouth, you have swelling and a violet or red color. Some people develop painful sores, which can appear on the gums, tongue, or roof of the mouth. […] When this disease develops on the scalp, its called lichen planopilaris, or LPP. LPP often begins with small bumps on the scalp, and the scalp may feel irritated. […] When lichen planus appears on the nails, it may affect one, a few, or all 20 nails. […] As the disease progresses, the affected nails become thinner and start to split. Nails may stop growing. Some people permanently lose one or more nails. […] When lichen planus develops on the genitals, it can cause a rash, along with soreness, burning, itching, or pain.

• #3 Lichen planus | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/lichen-planus/

  The symptoms of lichen planus of the penis are: purple or white ring-shaped patches on the tip of the penis (glans), bumps (papules) that are flat-topped and shiny, a non-itchy rash. […] The symptoms of lichen planus of the vulva and vagina include: soreness, burning and rawness around the vulva, the vulva may be covered in white streaks and be a red, pink or pale white colour, if the vagina is affected, sexual intercourse can be painful, if the outer layers of skin break down, moist, red patches can form, scar tissue can form, which distorts the shape of the vagina, a sticky yellow or green discharge, which may be bloodstained, the opening of the vagina can become narrowed. […] Lichen planus can sometimes affect other areas, including: the nails which can become thinner, ridged and grooved, or they may become darker, thicker or raised; they may sometimes shed or stop growing, the scalp red patches can appear around clusters of hair; in some cases, permanent hair loss can occur.

• #3 Lichen Planus Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1123213-clinical

  Hypertrophic lesions are often chronic; residual pigmentation and scarring can occur when the lesions eventually clear. […] Erosive/ulcerative lichen planus lesions are found on the mucosal surfaces and evolve from sites of previous LP involvement. […] Malignant transformation has been reported in ulcerative oral LP. Cutaneous hypertrophic LP resulting in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was reported in a series of 38 patients. Pruritic and painful vulvar LP has been a precursor to SCC in a small number of cases.

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