Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer, or cancer that starts in the brain, with around 12,000 cases diagnosed in the United States each year. All glioblastomas are grade IV brain tumors, meaning they contain the most abnormal looking cells and are the most aggressive. […] There is currently no cure for glioblastoma. The median length of survival after a diagnosis is 15-18 months, while the diseases five-year survival rate is around 10%. Though all glioblastomas recur, initial treatments may keep the tumor controlled for months or even years. […] While glioblastoma is difficult to treat, clinical trials at MD Anderson are exploring new radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategies to fight this disease. Other trials are designed to improve patients quality of life and lessen the burden of the disease and its treatments.

• #2 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Regardless of ideal multidisciplinary treatment, including maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and maintenance temozolomide (TMZ), almost all patients experience tumor progression with nearly universal mortality and a median survival of less than 15 months. […] The addition of bevacizumab to standard treatment with TMZ revealed no increase in overall survival (OS) but improved progression-free survival (PFS). […] In newly diagnosed GBM, methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter has been shown to predict response to alkylating agents, as well as prognosis. […] Therefore, MGMT promoter status may have a crucial role in the choice of single modality treatment in fragile elderly population.

• #3 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies for recurrent and newly diagnosed disease. Innovative treatments, such as tumor-treating fields (TTFields) and immunotherapy, give hope for enhanced survival. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed GBM requires a multidisciplinary approach. Current standard therapy includes maximal safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation with temozolomide (TMZ) (Temodar), an oral alkylating chemotherapy agent, and then adjuvant chemotherapy with TMZ.

• #4 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  The current standards of treatments are based mostly on the new Stupp Protocol. The maximal surgical resection of the tumor followed by concurrent RT of 60 grays (Gy) in 30 fractions combined with TMZ (75 mg/m²/day for six weeks) chemotherapy and six maintenance cycles of TMZ (150–200 mg/m²/day for the first five days per month) is the standard therapy (new Stupp Protocol) for newly diagnosed GBM patients. This approach gives the patient mOS rate of 14.6 months. It was shown that surgery combined with chemotherapy and RT was more efficient than surgery with RT only (mOS 14.6 months vs. 12.1 months). […] Another approach involves the use of angiogenesis inhibitors (bevacizumab), which have been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and mOS (p = 0.04) in the bevacizumab-treated group compared to the non-bevacizumab treated group. However, this treatment is used only in recurrent GBMs; the standard treatment remains the new Stupp protocol.

• #5 Glioblastoma Current Standard of Care | Ivy Brain Tumor Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/the-challenge/current-standard-of-care/

  Typically, standard radiation therapy is given in 30 fractions (30 days) of treatment over a period of six weeks. […] Radiation therapy uses X-rays and other sources to kill tumor cells. […] Optune is an FDA-approved wearable and portable device for adults with glioblastoma that delivers Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). […] Unfortunately, the current standard of care for patients with aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma is not curative and most patients experience tumor progression after treatment.

• #6 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  One of the greatest challenges in GBM treatment is its extensive heterogeneity, which refers to intertumor (population-level differences) and intratumor heterogeneity (individual tumor differences). […] Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a therapy developed in the late 1960s by Prof. Lars Leksell. It delivers a high radiation dose to the tumor in a single session. […] Proton beam therapy (PBT) delivers a high radiation dose without destroying critical organs and tissues surrounding the target area. […] Tumor-treating fields (TTFs) deliver alternating electric fields that disrupt cell division, using a specially designed device. […] Brachytherapy (BT) for GBM utilizes radioactive isotopes to administer ionizing radiation directly to the tumor site. […] EGFR activation in cancer cells promotes proliferation and protects transformed cells against apoptosis.

• #7 Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10669378/

  Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor characterized by a high grade of malignancy and an extremely unfavorable prognosis. The current efficacy of established treatments for GBM is insufficient, necessitating the prompt development of novel therapeutic approaches. […] The current efficacy of treatments for GBM patients is insufficient due to factors such as tumor heterogeneity, the blood-brain barrier, glioma stem cells, drug efflux pumps, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Considering this, pharmacological cocktail therapy has demonstrated a growing efficacy in addressing these challenges. Towards this, various forms of immunotherapy, including the immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and vaccine therapy have emerged as potential strategies for enhancing the prognosis of GBM.

• #8 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies for recurrent and newly diagnosed disease. Innovative treatments, such as tumor-treating fields (TTFields) and immunotherapy, give hope for enhanced survival. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed GBM requires a multidisciplinary approach. Current standard therapy includes maximal safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation with temozolomide (TMZ) (Temodar), an oral alkylating chemotherapy agent, and then adjuvant chemotherapy with TMZ.

• #9 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma Treatment […] As with all other facets of a brain tumor, optimal glioblastoma treatment depends on the tumor’s type, location, size, and growth rate, as well as a person’s age and overall health. The timing of treatment also influences glioblastoma prognosis—an early diagnosis and surgical intervention are often associated with a better prognosis. […] Often, doctors treat glioblastomas with an aggressive combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. At Barrow Neurological Institute, we offer several advanced options that help surgeons maximize the amount of cancerous tissue removed while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. […] Neurosurgery is often the first step in treating glioblastoma, with the goal of removing as much of the tumor as possible without damaging the surrounding brain tissue. The application of neurosurgery to treat tumors of the brain and spinal cord is called neurosurgical oncology.

• #10 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Surgery not only reduces the amount of tumor within the brain but also removes cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and chemotherapy while reducing pressure on the surrounding brain. Complete glioblastoma removal is rare due to the tumor’s infiltrative nature and location near critical brain structures. […] The two most common surgical procedures for glioblastomas include: […] Craniotomy: A craniotomy is the most common surgery for a brain tumor. During a craniotomy, a neurosurgeon will make an incision in the scalp, remove a portion of the skull, and access the brain to remove as much of the tumor as safely possible while using intraoperative imaging and highly specialized tools. Following surgery, radiation therapy can begin after the surgical wound has healed.

• #11 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. […] GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure. […] After surgery, when the wound is healed, radiation therapy can begin. […] The use of radiation therapy provides most patients with improved outcomes and longer survival rates compared to surgery alone or the best supportive care. […] Chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide is the current standard of treatment for GBM. […] Tumor treating fields is a different modality of treatment that is introduced during the maintenance phase of treatment. […] Lomustine (chemotherapy) and bevacizumab (targeted therapy) are largely used when the tumor progresses.

• #12 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. […] GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure. […] After surgery, when the wound is healed, radiation therapy can begin. […] The use of radiation therapy provides most patients with improved outcomes and longer survival rates compared to surgery alone or the best supportive care. […] Chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide is the current standard of treatment for GBM. […] Tumor treating fields is a different modality of treatment that is introduced during the maintenance phase of treatment. […] Lomustine (chemotherapy) and bevacizumab (targeted therapy) are largely used when the tumor progresses.

• #13 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. […] GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure. […] After surgery, when the wound is healed, radiation therapy can begin. […] The use of radiation therapy provides most patients with improved outcomes and longer survival rates compared to surgery alone or the best supportive care. […] Chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide is the current standard of treatment for GBM. […] Tumor treating fields is a different modality of treatment that is introduced during the maintenance phase of treatment. […] Lomustine (chemotherapy) and bevacizumab (targeted therapy) are largely used when the tumor progresses.

• #14 Glioblastoma (GBM) | Neuro-Oncology Program | UPMC Hillman

  https://hillman.upmc.com/cancer-care/brain-nervous-system/brain-tumor/glioma/glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma Treatment […] Because glioblastomas are aggressive, doctors often recommend a mix of treatments. Treatment can add years to your life, but there is currently no cure for glioblastoma. […] Surgery to treat glioblastoma […] Your brain surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as they can while avoiding damage to healthy cells. They can use various techniques to guide this operation, such as real-time MRI scans of the brain and a drug that binds to the cancer cells and changes their color. Surgeons can’t fully remove glioblastomas because they have tiny branches that grow into healthy brain tissue. The human eye can’t see these branches and they don’t show up in MRIs. Doctors target remaining cancer cells with radiation and chemotherapy. […] Radiation to treat glioblastoma

• #15 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of aggressive surgical resection when possible, with trends toward better outcomes in those patients with a greater extent of resection. Statistically significant associations between greater extent of resection and longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been seen in several studies. […] Following optimal surgical resection, the patient commonly waits as many as four weeks for the craniotomy wound to heal before starting therapy. Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) alone was standard treatment until 2005, when the results of a pivotal phase III trial changed the standard of care for GBM. This trial confirmed that external beam RT with concomitant TMZ chemotherapy (known as the Stupp regimen) was more effective than RT alone.

• #16 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Surgery not only reduces the amount of tumor within the brain but also removes cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and chemotherapy while reducing pressure on the surrounding brain. Complete glioblastoma removal is rare due to the tumor’s infiltrative nature and location near critical brain structures. […] The two most common surgical procedures for glioblastomas include: […] Craniotomy: A craniotomy is the most common surgery for a brain tumor. During a craniotomy, a neurosurgeon will make an incision in the scalp, remove a portion of the skull, and access the brain to remove as much of the tumor as safely possible while using intraoperative imaging and highly specialized tools. Following surgery, radiation therapy can begin after the surgical wound has healed.

• #17 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Awake Craniotomy: Awake brain surgery, or awake craniotomy, is a specialized surgery for brain tumors in areas that control critical functions, like speech or movement. During awake brain surgery, the patient is awake and alert while the neurosurgeon removes as much of the cancerous tissue as possible, allowing the surgical team to monitor brain function in real time and avoid damaging critical brain anatomy. […] Radiation therapy uses precisely aimed beams of radiation to destroy tumors in the body. While it doesn’t remove the cancer, radiation therapy damages the DNA of the cancerous cells, which then lose their ability to reproduce and eventually die. It’s typically administered after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells in the brain. […] Radiosurgery relies on radiation delivery systems to focus radiation at the site of the tumor while minimizing the radiation dose to the surrounding brain. Radiosurgery is often used for tumor recurrence but rarely used in initial treatment for glioblastoma, and the two most common forms are:

• #18 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  The standard treatment for glioblastoma starts with surgery to remove as much of the tumor as safely as possible. […] After surgery, patients usually get a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by chemotherapy alone. […] Glioblastoma surgery is most successful when its performed by a neurosurgeon with extensive experience in brain tumor surgery. […] MD Anderson offers the most advanced radiation therapy techniques in the world. Each radiation plan is designed to have the maximum impact on the patients tumor while minimizing the effect on healthy brain tissue. […] Chemotherapy can be difficult to deliver to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier, a set of small blood vessels and brain cells that protect the brain from disease, but also act as a shield against chemotherapy drugs.

• #19 Glioblastoma Treatment at UVA | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/brain-cancer-treatment/glioblastoma-multiforme

  At UVA Health, youll meet a team passionate about getting an edge on your GBM. We use all the tools in the toolbox and from outside the box, too, including: The latest devices and tech in the operating room, Nationally recognized, highly skilled surgeons, Our up-to-date knowledge of the latest research and medical treatments, Clinical trials that give you access to cutting edge treatments, A world-class team of doctors for every aspect of your care. […] We can remove almost all of a GBM in many circumstances. But it will still come back. So why do surgery? Surgery can help you live longer AND reduce agonizing symptoms, like headaches, memory loss, personality disorders, depression and anxiety, seizures. […] Treatments that also make a difference include: Radiation to shrink the size of the tumor, Chemotherapy can increase survival time and quality of life, Steroids to reduce brain swelling, Medication to treat and prevent seizures, Pain management, Optune, a device that uses electrical energy to slow tumor growth.

• #20 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of aggressive surgical resection when possible, with trends toward better outcomes in those patients with a greater extent of resection. Statistically significant associations between greater extent of resection and longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been seen in several studies. […] Following optimal surgical resection, the patient commonly waits as many as four weeks for the craniotomy wound to heal before starting therapy. Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) alone was standard treatment until 2005, when the results of a pivotal phase III trial changed the standard of care for GBM. This trial confirmed that external beam RT with concomitant TMZ chemotherapy (known as the Stupp regimen) was more effective than RT alone.

• #21 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Awake Craniotomy: Awake brain surgery, or awake craniotomy, is a specialized surgery for brain tumors in areas that control critical functions, like speech or movement. During awake brain surgery, the patient is awake and alert while the neurosurgeon removes as much of the cancerous tissue as possible, allowing the surgical team to monitor brain function in real time and avoid damaging critical brain anatomy. […] Radiation therapy uses precisely aimed beams of radiation to destroy tumors in the body. While it doesn’t remove the cancer, radiation therapy damages the DNA of the cancerous cells, which then lose their ability to reproduce and eventually die. It’s typically administered after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells in the brain. […] Radiosurgery relies on radiation delivery systems to focus radiation at the site of the tumor while minimizing the radiation dose to the surrounding brain. Radiosurgery is often used for tumor recurrence but rarely used in initial treatment for glioblastoma, and the two most common forms are:

• #22 Glioblastoma – Symptoms, Treatment Options & Research – Sunnybrook Hospital

  https://sunnybrook.ca/content/?page=glioblastoma-brain-tumour

  Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive cancerous primary brain tumour (a tumour that starts in the brain). […] At Sunnybrook, glioblastoma patients are treated at our Odette Cancer Centre. […] Depending on your individual case, your glioblastoma care plan may include: Surgery. The first treatment step is surgery, to remove as much as the tumour as possible. […] Surgery is almost always followed by secondary treatment, such as radiation and/or chemotherapy. […] After surgery, a patient is treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy, an advanced type of radiation. This treatment is combined with chemotherapy. […] Patients may also enroll in clinical trials, which test new approaches at treating glioblastomas. […] Glioblastoma is a difficult cancer to treat. Some reasons include: The tumour cells are very resistant to conventional therapies.

• #23 Glioblastoma Current Standard of Care | Ivy Brain Tumor Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/the-challenge/current-standard-of-care/

  Typically, standard radiation therapy is given in 30 fractions (30 days) of treatment over a period of six weeks. […] Radiation therapy uses X-rays and other sources to kill tumor cells. […] Optune is an FDA-approved wearable and portable device for adults with glioblastoma that delivers Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). […] Unfortunately, the current standard of care for patients with aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma is not curative and most patients experience tumor progression after treatment.

• #24 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  The current standards of treatments are based mostly on the new Stupp Protocol. The maximal surgical resection of the tumor followed by concurrent RT of 60 grays (Gy) in 30 fractions combined with TMZ (75 mg/m²/day for six weeks) chemotherapy and six maintenance cycles of TMZ (150–200 mg/m²/day for the first five days per month) is the standard therapy (new Stupp Protocol) for newly diagnosed GBM patients. This approach gives the patient mOS rate of 14.6 months. It was shown that surgery combined with chemotherapy and RT was more efficient than surgery with RT only (mOS 14.6 months vs. 12.1 months). […] Another approach involves the use of angiogenesis inhibitors (bevacizumab), which have been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and mOS (p = 0.04) in the bevacizumab-treated group compared to the non-bevacizumab treated group. However, this treatment is used only in recurrent GBMs; the standard treatment remains the new Stupp protocol.

• #25 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  One of the greatest challenges in GBM treatment is its extensive heterogeneity, which refers to intertumor (population-level differences) and intratumor heterogeneity (individual tumor differences). […] Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a therapy developed in the late 1960s by Prof. Lars Leksell. It delivers a high radiation dose to the tumor in a single session. […] Proton beam therapy (PBT) delivers a high radiation dose without destroying critical organs and tissues surrounding the target area. […] Tumor-treating fields (TTFs) deliver alternating electric fields that disrupt cell division, using a specially designed device. […] Brachytherapy (BT) for GBM utilizes radioactive isotopes to administer ionizing radiation directly to the tumor site. […] EGFR activation in cancer cells promotes proliferation and protects transformed cells against apoptosis.

• #26 Breakthrough in treatment approach showing promise in the fight against glioblastoma – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2025/01/16/breakthrough-in-treatment-approach-showing-promise-in-the-fight-against-glioblastoma/

  Mayo Clinic announced the results of an innovative treatment approach that may improve overall survival in older patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma while maintaining quality of life. […] Results showed that 56% of participants were alive after 12 months and the median overall survival was 13.1 months. „As compared to prior phase 3 studies in an older population having a median survival of only six to nine months, these results are promising,” says Dr. Vora. […] Standard radiation therapy is commonly used to treat glioblastoma and can be effective. However, a limitation is that it exposes healthy brain tissue to radiation, potentially causing collateral, unintended damage. […] For the Mayo Clinic study, investigators used one of the most innovative and advanced forms of radiation treatment: proton beam therapy. This cutting-edge, nonsurgical form of radiation therapy destroys cancer cells with targeted precision while minimizing side effects to surrounding healthy tissue.

• #27 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Gamma Knife radiosurgery: This option destroys abnormal tissue through radiation beams focused on a precise tissue area and is only lethal to cells within the immediate vicinity. The Gamma Knife can only be used to treat lesions in the head and involves attaching a metal frame to the skull to target beams of radiation accurately. […] CyberKnife radiosurgery: This technique uses targeted energy beams to destroy tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue. It uses image-guided robotics to deliver surgically precise radiation to help kill tumors. […] Chemotherapy drugs may be given orally or intravenously to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Glioblastomas are usually treated with the drug temozolomide, which is typically administered every day during radiation therapy and then given in cycles after radiation. It can be challenging for such drugs to reach the brain due to the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances but can also block chemotherapy drugs.

• #28 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Gamma Knife radiosurgery: This option destroys abnormal tissue through radiation beams focused on a precise tissue area and is only lethal to cells within the immediate vicinity. The Gamma Knife can only be used to treat lesions in the head and involves attaching a metal frame to the skull to target beams of radiation accurately. […] CyberKnife radiosurgery: This technique uses targeted energy beams to destroy tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue. It uses image-guided robotics to deliver surgically precise radiation to help kill tumors. […] Chemotherapy drugs may be given orally or intravenously to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Glioblastomas are usually treated with the drug temozolomide, which is typically administered every day during radiation therapy and then given in cycles after radiation. It can be challenging for such drugs to reach the brain due to the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances but can also block chemotherapy drugs.

• #29 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Gamma Knife radiosurgery: This option destroys abnormal tissue through radiation beams focused on a precise tissue area and is only lethal to cells within the immediate vicinity. The Gamma Knife can only be used to treat lesions in the head and involves attaching a metal frame to the skull to target beams of radiation accurately. […] CyberKnife radiosurgery: This technique uses targeted energy beams to destroy tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue. It uses image-guided robotics to deliver surgically precise radiation to help kill tumors. […] Chemotherapy drugs may be given orally or intravenously to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Glioblastomas are usually treated with the drug temozolomide, which is typically administered every day during radiation therapy and then given in cycles after radiation. It can be challenging for such drugs to reach the brain due to the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances but can also block chemotherapy drugs.

• #30 Breakthrough in treatment approach showing promise in the fight against glioblastoma – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2025/01/16/breakthrough-in-treatment-approach-showing-promise-in-the-fight-against-glioblastoma/

  Treatment was completed in one to two weeks instead of the traditional three to six weeks. „The advanced imaging, along with the proton beam therapy, allowed us to be more focused with radiation and protect surrounding healthy brain tissue from the effects of radiation. We were able to see that patients tolerated the treatments well and lived longer than we expected.” […] According to Dr. Vora, the study at Mayo Clinic is the first clinical trial of its kind investigating the use of short-course hypofractionated proton beam therapy incorporating advanced imaging technology, including 18F-DOPA PET and contrast-enhanced MRI targeting, for patients 65 and older with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. […] „Our goal is to transform the way we treat glioblastoma using shorter courses of radiation to minimize the burden on patients and their families and help them complete safe and effective treatment in a shorter amount of time.”

• #31 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. […] GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure. […] After surgery, when the wound is healed, radiation therapy can begin. […] The use of radiation therapy provides most patients with improved outcomes and longer survival rates compared to surgery alone or the best supportive care. […] Chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide is the current standard of treatment for GBM. […] Tumor treating fields is a different modality of treatment that is introduced during the maintenance phase of treatment. […] Lomustine (chemotherapy) and bevacizumab (targeted therapy) are largely used when the tumor progresses.

• #32 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. […] GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure. […] After surgery, when the wound is healed, radiation therapy can begin. […] The use of radiation therapy provides most patients with improved outcomes and longer survival rates compared to surgery alone or the best supportive care. […] Chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide is the current standard of treatment for GBM. […] Tumor treating fields is a different modality of treatment that is introduced during the maintenance phase of treatment. […] Lomustine (chemotherapy) and bevacizumab (targeted therapy) are largely used when the tumor progresses.

• #33 Glioblastoma | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/types/glioblastoma

  Surgery through a craniotomy, when appropriate, may improve overall survival; however, surgery should not cause any neurological change to compromise the patients quality of life. […] Chemotherapy is typically started about 2 weeks after the procedure. Temodar (temozolomide), an oral medication, is the most common form of chemotherapy prescribed for glioblastoma. It binds to the tumors DNA in order to slow down the tumor from reproducing and to trigger tumor cell death. It is administered during the radiation therapy phase and later for maintenance. […] Radiation is also used to slow down tumor growth by targeting the tumor cells that have infiltrated normal brain tissue and are not removable safely via surgery. Using external beam radiation therapy, multiple therapy sessions (10-30) target the tumor cells but protect the normal cells.

• #34 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  The current standards of treatments are based mostly on the new Stupp Protocol. The maximal surgical resection of the tumor followed by concurrent RT of 60 grays (Gy) in 30 fractions combined with TMZ (75 mg/m²/day for six weeks) chemotherapy and six maintenance cycles of TMZ (150–200 mg/m²/day for the first five days per month) is the standard therapy (new Stupp Protocol) for newly diagnosed GBM patients. This approach gives the patient mOS rate of 14.6 months. It was shown that surgery combined with chemotherapy and RT was more efficient than surgery with RT only (mOS 14.6 months vs. 12.1 months). […] Another approach involves the use of angiogenesis inhibitors (bevacizumab), which have been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and mOS (p = 0.04) in the bevacizumab-treated group compared to the non-bevacizumab treated group. However, this treatment is used only in recurrent GBMs; the standard treatment remains the new Stupp protocol.

• #35 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  The current standards of treatments are based mostly on the new Stupp Protocol. The maximal surgical resection of the tumor followed by concurrent RT of 60 grays (Gy) in 30 fractions combined with TMZ (75 mg/m²/day for six weeks) chemotherapy and six maintenance cycles of TMZ (150–200 mg/m²/day for the first five days per month) is the standard therapy (new Stupp Protocol) for newly diagnosed GBM patients. This approach gives the patient mOS rate of 14.6 months. It was shown that surgery combined with chemotherapy and RT was more efficient than surgery with RT only (mOS 14.6 months vs. 12.1 months). […] Another approach involves the use of angiogenesis inhibitors (bevacizumab), which have been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and mOS (p = 0.04) in the bevacizumab-treated group compared to the non-bevacizumab treated group. However, this treatment is used only in recurrent GBMs; the standard treatment remains the new Stupp protocol.

• #36 Preliminary Clinical Trial Results Show ‘Dramatic and Rapid’ Regression of Glioblastoma after Next Generation CAR-T Therapy

  https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/clinical-trial-results-show-dramatic-regression-of-glioblastoma-after-next-generation-car-t-therapy

  The CAR-T platform has revolutionized how we think about treating patients with cancer, but solid tumors like glioblastoma have remained challenging to treat because not all cancer cells are exactly alike and cells within the tumor vary. Our approach combines two forms of therapy, allowing us to treat glioblastoma in a broader, potentially more effective way. […] The combination approach showed promise in preclinical models of glioblastoma, encouraging the research team to pursue clinical translation. […] Three patients were enrolled in the study between March 2023 and July 2023. Patients T cells were collected and transformed into the new version of CAR-TEAM cells, which were then infused back into each patient. […] We report a dramatic and rapid response in these three patients. Our work to date shows signs that we are making progress, but there is more to do, said co-author Elizabeth Gerstner, MD, a neuro-oncologist in the Department of Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital.

• #37 Glioblastoma Medication: Antineoplastic agents, Anticonvulsants, Corticosteroids

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-medication

  Although its mechanism of action is not completely understood, lomustine causes inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis resulting from carbamylation of DNA polymerase, alkylation of DNA, and alteration of RNA proteins. […] Dexamethasone remains the preferred glucocorticoid option for glioblastoma-induced cerebral edema. […] These agents reduce edema around the tumor, frequently leading to symptomatic and objective improvement. […] The use of lomustine in recurrent glioblastoma is increasing; lomustine alone is now commonly used as a control arm in clinical trials. […] The alkylating agent temozolomide is used for treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma, and the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab is used for treatment of recurrences.

• #38 Glioblastoma treatment | The Brain Tumour Charity

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/treating-glioblastoma/

  Gliadel wafers are small wafers, coated with the chemotherapy drug carmustine. They are put directly into the brain at the end of surgery. […] You may have heard that the use of another drug, called bevacizumab (Avastin), may be helpful in treating glioblastomas. […] Unfortunately glioblastomas are aggressive tumours and often appear resistant to treatment. […] Some of the research into the genes, which play a role in glioblastoma (GBM) development and growth, are starting to give us information about who may respond better to certain treatments.

• #39 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Regardless of ideal multidisciplinary treatment, including maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and maintenance temozolomide (TMZ), almost all patients experience tumor progression with nearly universal mortality and a median survival of less than 15 months. […] The addition of bevacizumab to standard treatment with TMZ revealed no increase in overall survival (OS) but improved progression-free survival (PFS). […] In newly diagnosed GBM, methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter has been shown to predict response to alkylating agents, as well as prognosis. […] Therefore, MGMT promoter status may have a crucial role in the choice of single modality treatment in fragile elderly population.

• #40 Glioblastoma Long-Term Survivors | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/long-term-survivors

  Patients with tumors that have MGMT promoter methylation are reported to survive longer (with a median survival time of 22 months) compared to those without MGMT promoter methylation (a median survival of between 14 to 16 months). […] Having an IDH mutation in the tumor is favorable for the patient, as it impairs the tumors metabolism and slows growth. Patients with glioblastoma carrying an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation have a longer median survival time of 31 months. […] Researchers are actively testing new therapies to treat glioblastoma. Experimental therapies include the use of anti-tumor antibodies for targeted destruction, vaccines to enhance the patients immune system response, and gene therapy to deliver anti-cancer genes to the tumor.

• #41 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  The standard treatment for glioblastoma starts with surgery to remove as much of the tumor as safely as possible. […] After surgery, patients usually get a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by chemotherapy alone. […] Glioblastoma surgery is most successful when its performed by a neurosurgeon with extensive experience in brain tumor surgery. […] MD Anderson offers the most advanced radiation therapy techniques in the world. Each radiation plan is designed to have the maximum impact on the patients tumor while minimizing the effect on healthy brain tissue. […] Chemotherapy can be difficult to deliver to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier, a set of small blood vessels and brain cells that protect the brain from disease, but also act as a shield against chemotherapy drugs.

• #42 Glioblastoma Multiforme

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  This drug therapy is designed to kill cancer cells. Some patients even have dissolvable, circular chemotherapy wafers placed in the brain during surgery, which then slowly release medicine into the system. […] High-energy radiation beams kill cancer cells at precise points in the brain. Usually, this is recommended in combination with chemotherapy, or for people who can’t undergo surgery. […] An electrical field disrupts the tumors ability to multiply in this therapy, which involves applying adhesive pads to the scalp connected to a device that generates electrical fields. […] This drug therapy focuses on blocking abnormalities in cancer cells and is usually administered intravenously. […] These research studies look for new treatments for any given disease or disorder. By participating in a clinical trial, you can try the latest treatment options, but the side effects of these therapies may not yet be known.

• #43 Glioblastoma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/glioma/glioblastoma.html

  Treatment options for astrocytoma have expanded in recent years. Some recent treatment advances include: […] Tumor treating electrical fields (Optune): A device worn on the scalp delivers alternating electrical fields to prevent the growth and division of cancer cells. […] Convention-enhanced delivery Chemotherapy is slowly and continuously delivered to the tumor via a pump. […] Implanted chemotherapy wafer therapy (Gliadel) Chemotherapy is released directly into the remaining tumor from a disc embedded during surgical resection. […] Nanoparticle therapy Special particles allow chemotherapy drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and improve access to the tumor. […] Ongoing research is needed to improve our understanding of brain tumors and develop more effective therapies. Some treatments currently being studied are:

• #44 New Approach for Treating Glioblastoma – Neurology, Oncology

  https://healthmatters.nyp.org/new-approach-for-treating-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma tumor shrinks after drugs are delivered directly into the brain. […] Patients are typically first treated with surgery to remove as much of the cancer as possible, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] While there is no cure for glioblastoma, Dr. Bruce and his team have developed an innovative approach for treating the cancer: a fully implantable pump that continuously delivers chemotherapy through a tube directly into the brain. […] This new approach has the potential to transform treatment for patients with brain cancer with the hope of improving outcomes where the outlook for survival remains very poor, says Dr. Bruce. […] With this pump we can give higher doses of chemotherapy directly to the brain without causing the side effects that we get with oral or intravenous chemotherapy.

• #45 Glioblastoma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/glioma/glioblastoma.html

  Treatment options for astrocytoma have expanded in recent years. Some recent treatment advances include: […] Tumor treating electrical fields (Optune): A device worn on the scalp delivers alternating electrical fields to prevent the growth and division of cancer cells. […] Convention-enhanced delivery Chemotherapy is slowly and continuously delivered to the tumor via a pump. […] Implanted chemotherapy wafer therapy (Gliadel) Chemotherapy is released directly into the remaining tumor from a disc embedded during surgical resection. […] Nanoparticle therapy Special particles allow chemotherapy drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier and improve access to the tumor. […] Ongoing research is needed to improve our understanding of brain tumors and develop more effective therapies. Some treatments currently being studied are:

• #46 Glioblastoma Multiforme

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  This drug therapy is designed to kill cancer cells. Some patients even have dissolvable, circular chemotherapy wafers placed in the brain during surgery, which then slowly release medicine into the system. […] High-energy radiation beams kill cancer cells at precise points in the brain. Usually, this is recommended in combination with chemotherapy, or for people who can’t undergo surgery. […] An electrical field disrupts the tumors ability to multiply in this therapy, which involves applying adhesive pads to the scalp connected to a device that generates electrical fields. […] This drug therapy focuses on blocking abnormalities in cancer cells and is usually administered intravenously. […] These research studies look for new treatments for any given disease or disorder. By participating in a clinical trial, you can try the latest treatment options, but the side effects of these therapies may not yet be known.

• #47 Emerging Treatments for Glioblastoma | Treating Brain Tumours

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/emerging-treatments-glioblastoma/

  Immunotherapy, which uses substances to enhance or subdue your immune system to help your body fight the tumour, is also showing some promise, such as the cancer vaccine DCVax. […] A major phase III clinical trial has found that novel treatment DCVax-L can prolong the lives of people diagnosed with a new or recurrent glioblastoma. […] Also known as Optune, TTF is a relatively new, non-invasive technique for adults with glioblastoma. It uses alternating electrical fields, delivered via a set of adhesive patches worn like a skull cap, to disrupt tumour cell division, or cause cell death. This helps to prevent the tumour from growing or spreading so quickly.

• #48 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  In October 2015, Optune, the device delivering tumor-treating fields (TTFields), received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment alongside TMZ for adults with newly diagnosed supratentorial GBM, following surgery and standard-of-care treatment. Optune uses TTFields, an innovative technology that delivers low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electrical fields to tumor cells. TTFields interrupt cell division, causing apoptosis, or cell death. This expanded indication by the FDA followed interim analysis data from 315 patients randomized to Optune plus TMZ versus TMZ alone in the adjuvant setting. Optune plus TMZ demonstrated superior PFS of 7.1 months versus 4 months with TMZ alone, as well as superior OS of 20.5 months versus 15.6 months with TMZ alone.

• #49 Tumor Treating Therapy for Glioblastoma Cancer | Brain Tumors | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/brain-tumors/treatments/tumor-treating-fields

  Tumor-Treating Therapy for Glioblastoma Cancer […] As a leader in brain cancer research, Henry Ford was part of the initial clinical trial that led to the development of a wearable device called Optune that creates tumor-treating fields. […] When the wearable device is used with the chemotherapy drug Temodar (also known as Temozolomide), it has been shown to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. In some cases, the device may even kill cancer cells. […] After a patient has a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, some aggressive and fast-growing cancer cells still may be hiding in the brain. To slow or stop the growth of hidden cancer cells, the wearable device releases electrical energy. […] By using this personalized and precision approach, doctors at the Henry Ford Hermelin Brain Tumor Center are optimistic that they can help patients maintain their mental, emotional, and physical well-being longer than those who only use chemotherapy in their battle against glioblastoma.

• #50 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  In October 2015, Optune, the device delivering tumor-treating fields (TTFields), received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment alongside TMZ for adults with newly diagnosed supratentorial GBM, following surgery and standard-of-care treatment. Optune uses TTFields, an innovative technology that delivers low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electrical fields to tumor cells. TTFields interrupt cell division, causing apoptosis, or cell death. This expanded indication by the FDA followed interim analysis data from 315 patients randomized to Optune plus TMZ versus TMZ alone in the adjuvant setting. Optune plus TMZ demonstrated superior PFS of 7.1 months versus 4 months with TMZ alone, as well as superior OS of 20.5 months versus 15.6 months with TMZ alone.

• #51 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  In October 2015, Optune, the device delivering tumor-treating fields (TTFields), received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment alongside TMZ for adults with newly diagnosed supratentorial GBM, following surgery and standard-of-care treatment. Optune uses TTFields, an innovative technology that delivers low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electrical fields to tumor cells. TTFields interrupt cell division, causing apoptosis, or cell death. This expanded indication by the FDA followed interim analysis data from 315 patients randomized to Optune plus TMZ versus TMZ alone in the adjuvant setting. Optune plus TMZ demonstrated superior PFS of 7.1 months versus 4 months with TMZ alone, as well as superior OS of 20.5 months versus 15.6 months with TMZ alone.

• #52 Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10669378/

  The NovoTTF-100A System, approved by the FDA, is a novel therapeutic approach developed by Novocure, Ltd. in Haifa, Israel. […] Despite the advantages of TTF in the field, there are several limitations, including high price and availability issues. […] Recent studies have indicated no significant disparities in local control outcomes when comparing surgical resection and SRS as standalone treatment modalities. […] The current advancements in the field of immunotherapy pertaining to GBM present a hopeful trajectory for further investigation and improvement of GBM treatment modalities. […] The combination of Syx depletion and TMZ synergistically inhibited cell growth in both TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant cell lines. […] Effective incorporation of different therapy tactics, including immunotherapy, nanomedicine, etc., to empower the classical treatment regimen will be the key to developing better GBM therapies.

• #53 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Targeted therapy drugs specifically target cancer cells by interfering with the molecules involved in tumor growth. These drugs can include those that work to target the genetic mutations commonly found in glioblastoma tumor cells. […] Immunotherapy works via a series of drugs that boost the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. While this treatment option is still under research, immunotherapy looks promising as a potential treatment for glioblastoma. […] Glioblastomas are tough opponents because they are combative and can return after treatment. Our scientists and medical professionals constantly seek new ways to mount better odds against glioblastomas. In partnership with the Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute is proud to be one of the country’s largest sites for neurological clinical trials, with a large and active assortment of glioblastoma clinical trials.

• #54 Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10669378/

  Current investigations are focused on exploring combination therapies to mitigate undesirable side effects and enhance immune responses against tumors. Furthermore, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of several strategies to circumvent the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to achieve targeted delivery in patients suffering from recurrent GBM. […] The most widely accepted approach for treating GBM is a combination of temozolomide (TMZ), irradiation, and aggressive surgical resection of the tumor. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved using bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic drug, to treat recurrent GBM that has shown progression after prior therapy. […] In 2015, the FDA approved the use of Optune, a medical device that produces low-intensity and alternating tumor-treating fields.

• #55 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Regardless of ideal multidisciplinary treatment, including maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and maintenance temozolomide (TMZ), almost all patients experience tumor progression with nearly universal mortality and a median survival of less than 15 months. […] The addition of bevacizumab to standard treatment with TMZ revealed no increase in overall survival (OS) but improved progression-free survival (PFS). […] In newly diagnosed GBM, methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter has been shown to predict response to alkylating agents, as well as prognosis. […] Therefore, MGMT promoter status may have a crucial role in the choice of single modality treatment in fragile elderly population.

• #56 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  The current standards of treatments are based mostly on the new Stupp Protocol. The maximal surgical resection of the tumor followed by concurrent RT of 60 grays (Gy) in 30 fractions combined with TMZ (75 mg/m²/day for six weeks) chemotherapy and six maintenance cycles of TMZ (150–200 mg/m²/day for the first five days per month) is the standard therapy (new Stupp Protocol) for newly diagnosed GBM patients. This approach gives the patient mOS rate of 14.6 months. It was shown that surgery combined with chemotherapy and RT was more efficient than surgery with RT only (mOS 14.6 months vs. 12.1 months). […] Another approach involves the use of angiogenesis inhibitors (bevacizumab), which have been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01) and mOS (p = 0.04) in the bevacizumab-treated group compared to the non-bevacizumab treated group. However, this treatment is used only in recurrent GBMs; the standard treatment remains the new Stupp protocol.

• #57 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  One of the greatest challenges in GBM treatment is its extensive heterogeneity, which refers to intertumor (population-level differences) and intratumor heterogeneity (individual tumor differences). […] Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a therapy developed in the late 1960s by Prof. Lars Leksell. It delivers a high radiation dose to the tumor in a single session. […] Proton beam therapy (PBT) delivers a high radiation dose without destroying critical organs and tissues surrounding the target area. […] Tumor-treating fields (TTFs) deliver alternating electric fields that disrupt cell division, using a specially designed device. […] Brachytherapy (BT) for GBM utilizes radioactive isotopes to administer ionizing radiation directly to the tumor site. […] EGFR activation in cancer cells promotes proliferation and protects transformed cells against apoptosis.

• #58 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is considered one of the most dysregulated downstream pathways in GBM. […] Genetically engineered T and NK cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are cytotoxic cells for treating hematological malignancies and solid tumors. […] The results of current immunotherapies encourage the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as antigen-programmed cell death (PD-1) antibody, which was first approved for treating malignant melanoma. […] Despite many efforts and significant research, GBM still remains one of the most lethal cancers. Currently, various therapies improving GBM treatment aim at different cancer development points. Some of them are based on physical methods, such as proton beam therapy or tumor-treating fields. Additionally, there are also the achievements of today’s immunology and molecular biology—antibodies, inhibitor molecules, and modified immune cells.

• #59 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  Glioblastoma is one of the most dangerous tumors of the central nervous system, and still cannot be fully overcome. We still mainly rely on standard treatments combining chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery in various combinations. However, advances in technology, particularly biotechnology, are allowing the introduction of new, more precise therapies. These are more personalized, targeting a specific stage of tumor development or a particular cell population. The treatment of glioma is one of the areas in which we see more and more personalized medicine. […] The standard treatment, combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is not as efficient as we would like. However, the current possibilities are no longer limited to the standard therapies due to rapid advancements in biotechnology. New methods enable a more precise approach by targeting individual cells and antigens to overcome cancer. For the treatment of glioblastoma, these are gamma knife therapy, proton beam therapy, tumor-treating fields, EGFR and VEGF inhibitors, multiple RTKs inhibitors, and PI3K pathway inhibitors. In addition, the increasing understanding of the role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and the ability to identify tumor-specific antigens helped to develop immunotherapies targeting GBM and immune cells, including CAR-T, CAR-NK cells, dendritic cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Each of the described methods has its advantages and disadvantages and faces problems, such as the inefficient crossing of the blood–brain barrier, various neurological and systemic side effects, and the escape mechanism of the tumor. This work aims to present the current modern treatments of glioblastoma.

• #60 Glioma Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/glioma/glioma-treatment

  Chemotherapy may be given after surgery, usually together with radiation. This is an option after we know the tumors exact location and other information. You also may have chemotherapy before surgery to shrink a tumor so its easier to remove. […] Immunotherapy uses the bodys own immune system to fight cancer. There are no immunotherapies approved as a treatment option for gliomas. Some research studies, also known as clinical trials, suggest immunotherapies may be a future treatment for some gliomas. […] Drugs called checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy, are being tested in gliomas. These drugs include pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo). The drugs work by releasing the brakes on the immune system so it can find and fight cancer. […] Targeted therapy drugs target a tumors genetic changes. Clinical trials at MSK led to the first targeted therapy drug for glioma. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the drug, vorasidenib, in 2024. Vorasidenib was approved to treat low-grade diffuse gliomas with a change (mutation) in a gene called isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). This mutation is found in most low-grade diffuse gliomas. […] Its hard to remove some aggressive tumors with surgery. But there are some promising new methods and clinical trials for high-grade tumors. The goal is to lengthen the time it takes for a high-grade tumor to start to grow back after surgery.

• #61 Glioblastoma Long-Term Survivors | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/long-term-survivors

  Patients with tumors that have MGMT promoter methylation are reported to survive longer (with a median survival time of 22 months) compared to those without MGMT promoter methylation (a median survival of between 14 to 16 months). […] Having an IDH mutation in the tumor is favorable for the patient, as it impairs the tumors metabolism and slows growth. Patients with glioblastoma carrying an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation have a longer median survival time of 31 months. […] Researchers are actively testing new therapies to treat glioblastoma. Experimental therapies include the use of anti-tumor antibodies for targeted destruction, vaccines to enhance the patients immune system response, and gene therapy to deliver anti-cancer genes to the tumor.

• #62 Glioblastoma Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/medical-resources/glioblastoma-treatment

  Newer glioblastoma treatment approaches include targeted therapy, or drugs that target the growth pathways of glioblastomas. Combinations of these drugs in a „cocktail” may be used to block several growth pathways at once. Other targeted therapies used in glioblastoma treatment act to prevent the growth of blood vessels that support tumors, essentially starving them. […] The Brain Tumor Center at Brigham and Women’s Hospital offers compassionate and state-of-the-art glioblastoma treatment as well as treatment to manage the neurologic complications of the tumors and their treatment. […] Brigham and Women’s Hospital has researchers dedicated to studying brain cancers and finding effective new treatment modalities, including glioblastoma treatment. Areas of focus include developing and refining new surgical and radiation techniques, developing new therapies that help the immune system fight cancer, and studying the genetics of brain cancers.

• #63 Powerful Drug Combination Kills Glioblastoma Tumors Containing a Unique Genetic Makeup | Center for Cancer Research

  https://ccr.cancer.gov/neuro-oncology-branch/powerful-drug-combination-kills-glioblastoma-tumors-containing-a-unique-genetic-makeup

  Glioblastomas are the most common primary brain cancer in adults. They are fast-growing and often treatment resistant. As a result, current therapies usually only extend patients lives by a few months. […] To improve treatment options, researchers at the NCI Center for Cancer Researchs Neuro-Oncology Branch (NOB) are investigating more precise, personalized therapies that take into account each tumors genetic makeup. […] In a new study published in Neuro-Oncology Advances, researchers in the NOBs Translational Research Program took advantage of this vulnerability. By conducting preclinical experiments, they identified a drug combination that induces DNA damage and prevents PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells from repairing it, thus killing the tumor cells. […] The two drugs that the researchers combined are called LMP400 (Indotecan) and Niraparib, respectively.

• #64 Powerful Drug Combination Kills Glioblastoma Tumors Containing a Unique Genetic Makeup | Center for Cancer Research

  https://ccr.cancer.gov/neuro-oncology-branch/powerful-drug-combination-kills-glioblastoma-tumors-containing-a-unique-genetic-makeup

  This is a very special drug combination, says Olga Kim, M.D., Ph.D., an NOB postdoctoral fellow and the studys first author. Not only can LMP400 and Niraparib reach the brain to treat tumors there, but they are able to target this very specific subset of glioblastomas. […] Oftentimes glioblastomas will develop resistance to a single drug agent, so combining the two drugs can help overcome this resistance, Dr. Kim says. It also means we can use a lower dose of each drug, which decreases the likelihood of side effects. […] According to Dr. Wu, the fact that PTEN deficiency sensitizes glioblastoma cells to this combined therapeutic approach is extremely exciting. She hopes their results will allow them to help people with this type of glioblastoma. […] This study sets a strong scientific foundation that could help to meet the unmet needs of glioblastoma patients, she says. In the future, her team plans to translate these preclinical findings to clinical trials to test the benefit to people with glioblastomaand ultimately improve their care and outcomes.

• #65 Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives | Cellular & Molecular Immunology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-024-01226-x

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor in human adults. The standard of care offers minimal clinical benefit, and most GBM patients experience tumor recurrence after treatment. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the development of novel immunotherapies or other therapeutic strategies that can overcome immunotherapy resistance in many advanced cancers. However, the benefit of immune-based treatments in GBM is limited because of the unique brain immune profiles, GBM cell heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we present a detailed overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and discuss the challenges and potential molecular mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance in GBM. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion regarding the strategies that can overcome immunotherapy resistance in GBM, which will likely require combination therapies.

• #66 Glioma Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/glioma/glioma-treatment

  Chemotherapy may be given after surgery, usually together with radiation. This is an option after we know the tumors exact location and other information. You also may have chemotherapy before surgery to shrink a tumor so its easier to remove. […] Immunotherapy uses the bodys own immune system to fight cancer. There are no immunotherapies approved as a treatment option for gliomas. Some research studies, also known as clinical trials, suggest immunotherapies may be a future treatment for some gliomas. […] Drugs called checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy, are being tested in gliomas. These drugs include pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo). The drugs work by releasing the brakes on the immune system so it can find and fight cancer. […] Targeted therapy drugs target a tumors genetic changes. Clinical trials at MSK led to the first targeted therapy drug for glioma. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the drug, vorasidenib, in 2024. Vorasidenib was approved to treat low-grade diffuse gliomas with a change (mutation) in a gene called isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). This mutation is found in most low-grade diffuse gliomas. […] Its hard to remove some aggressive tumors with surgery. But there are some promising new methods and clinical trials for high-grade tumors. The goal is to lengthen the time it takes for a high-grade tumor to start to grow back after surgery.

• #67 Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives | Cellular & Molecular Immunology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-024-01226-x

  Immune checkpoints are a class of regulatory molecules expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, particularly T cells, that are crucial for maintaining immune system homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. […] Blocking these immune checkpoints with monoclonal antibodies, known as ICIs, has shown significant success in treating multiple advanced cancers, such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a large number of clinical trials have shown minimal clinical benefit for GBM patients. […] The immune system plays an important role in GBM progression, and a range of different immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed to treat GBM patients. […] Adoptive T-cell therapy is a personalized cancer immunotherapy technique in which a patient’s T cells are isolated, expanded ex vivo and then reinfused back into the patient to target tumors.

• #68 Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-022-02349-7

  Based on these observations, advancements in immunotherapy for GBM is an exciting direction for the future development of treatments for GBM, but their clinical benefits remain to be seen. […] The clinical potential of CAR T-cell therapy has been most convincingly shown in the field of hematological malignancies. […] Given their extraordinary efficacy in hematological malignancies, efforts have been made to apply CAR T-cell therapies for the treatment of solid tumors including GBM. […] Recently, several clinical CAR T cell therapies have already been tested for GBM using epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), interleukin (IL)13R2 (IL-13Ra2), and ephrin-A2 (Her2) as targets, with mixed but informative results. […] Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising form of immunotherapy for GBM treatment, which can be divided into two groups: 1) replication-competent OVs that selectively infect and replicate in cancer cells to kill tumor cells; and 2) replication-deficient viral vectors used as delivery vehicles for therapeutic genes.

• #69 New CAR-T Therapy Shows Promise for Glioblastoma: Why Is This Study Important?

  https://www.massgeneral.org/cancer-center/news/q-and-a-about-car-t-therapy-for-glioblastoma

  Learn more about the findings and importance of a study led by a research and clinical team from the Mass General Cancer Center who is developing new cell therapy for patients with recurrent glioblastoma, a deadly form of brain cancer. […] Recurrent glioblastoma refers to glioblastoma that returns after initial treatment, which typically includes surgical removal of the tumor and chemotherapy treatment. […] CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy in which a patient’s own immune cells are harvested, re-engineered and then put back into the body to recognize and kill cancer cells. […] They have been incredibly successful in treating some forms of blood-based cancers, such as leukemia, but researchers are still working to translate that success into solid tumors such as glioblastomas.

• #70 Preliminary Clinical Trial Results Show ‘Dramatic and Rapid’ Regression of Glioblastoma after Next Generation CAR-T Therapy

  https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/clinical-trial-results-show-dramatic-regression-of-glioblastoma-after-next-generation-car-t-therapy

  Mass General Cancer Center researchers took a new approach to CAR-T, engineering CAR-TEAM cells to treat mixed cell populations within tumors. Working in collaboration with Mass General neurosurgeons, the team tested the approach in a phase 1 clinical trial of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. First three patients in the trial showed dramatic responses within days. In a paper published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers from the Mass General Cancer Center shared the results for the first three patient cases from a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating a new approach to CAR-T therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). The trial, known as INCIPIENT, is designed to evaluate the safety of CARv3-TEAM-E T cells in patients with recurrent GBM. Just days after a single treatment, patients experienced dramatic reductions in their tumors, with one patient achieving near-complete tumor regression.

• #71 Glioblastoma Immunotherapy- Biotherapy International

  https://ibiotherapy.com/immunotherapy/brain-cancer/glioblastoma/

  Radiation therapy is used as a standalone treatment after surgical tumor removal or in cases of recurrence. This method uses electromagnetic radiation to destroy cancer cells. However, radiation cannot differentiate between normal and tumor cells, risking damage to healthy brain tissue. […] Immunotherapy is a promising approach for treating malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma. While conventional treatments can achieve minimal residual disease, they often fail to completely eradicate the tumor, leading to recurrence or treatment resistance. Immunotherapeutic methods offer a new strategy for targeting cancer cells. […] Oncolytic viruses are human-safe viral strains engineered to target cancer cells. They work by infecting cancer cells and inducing apoptosis (cell death). They also stimulate the patients immune system to fight the tumor, effectively transforming cold cancer cells into hot targets for immune recognition.

• #72 Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-022-02349-7

  Based on these observations, advancements in immunotherapy for GBM is an exciting direction for the future development of treatments for GBM, but their clinical benefits remain to be seen. […] The clinical potential of CAR T-cell therapy has been most convincingly shown in the field of hematological malignancies. […] Given their extraordinary efficacy in hematological malignancies, efforts have been made to apply CAR T-cell therapies for the treatment of solid tumors including GBM. […] Recently, several clinical CAR T cell therapies have already been tested for GBM using epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), interleukin (IL)13R2 (IL-13Ra2), and ephrin-A2 (Her2) as targets, with mixed but informative results. […] Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising form of immunotherapy for GBM treatment, which can be divided into two groups: 1) replication-competent OVs that selectively infect and replicate in cancer cells to kill tumor cells; and 2) replication-deficient viral vectors used as delivery vehicles for therapeutic genes.

• #73 Glioblastoma Immunotherapy- Biotherapy International

  https://ibiotherapy.com/immunotherapy/brain-cancer/glioblastoma/

  Cancer vaccines are another type of glioblastoma immunotherapy that teaches the patients own immune system to recognize tumor cells as foreign. This allows the patients immune system to attack mutated tumor cells without damaging healthy tissues. Each glioblastoma vaccine is created individually for a specific patient using samples of the tumor obtained during the surgical removal of the tumor. […] With over 30 years of experience in treating brain cancers, including glioblastoma, Biotherapy International offers hope. Our pioneering use of oncolytic viruses has resulted in several patients achieving complete remission, with some living tumor-free for over 20 years post-therapy. Every cancer case is unique, and our goal is to provide patients with treatment based on the latest scientific research to improve their chances of overcoming even the most challenging cancer diagnoses.

• #74 Glioblastoma treatment | The Brain Tumour Charity

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/treating-glioblastoma/

  The recognised glioblastoma treatment currently is surgery to remove as much of the tumour as possible, followed by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. […] Glioblastoma treatments include: Neurosurgery, Chemoradiation (chemotherapy and radiation therapy), Gliadel wafers, Avastin. […] The first treatment for glioblastomas is usually neurosurgery. Your surgeon will try to remove as much of the tumour as possible. This is known as debulking. […] Chemoradiation comprises radiotherapy over a period of weeks along with rounds of the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ). It is used to slow the growth of any tumour cells that cannot be removed by surgery. […] A new development in glioblastoma treatment is DCVax-L. Adding this to chemotherapy might prolong the life of people affected by glioblastomas.

• #75 Emerging Treatments for Glioblastoma | Treating Brain Tumours

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/emerging-treatments-glioblastoma/

  Immunotherapy, which uses substances to enhance or subdue your immune system to help your body fight the tumour, is also showing some promise, such as the cancer vaccine DCVax. […] A major phase III clinical trial has found that novel treatment DCVax-L can prolong the lives of people diagnosed with a new or recurrent glioblastoma. […] Also known as Optune, TTF is a relatively new, non-invasive technique for adults with glioblastoma. It uses alternating electrical fields, delivered via a set of adhesive patches worn like a skull cap, to disrupt tumour cell division, or cause cell death. This helps to prevent the tumour from growing or spreading so quickly.

• #76 Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives | Cellular & Molecular Immunology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-024-01226-x

  Cancer vaccines aim to activate the patient’s adaptive immune system against specific endogenous and exogenous tumor antigens and are being explored in GBM. […] OVs are replication-competent viruses that selectively infect and replicate in cancer cells, causing lysis of GBM cells followed by the release of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, TAAs, and proinflammatory cytokines into the TME, which, in turn, induce antitumor immune responses and transform the TME from cold to hot. […] Despite the rapid development of immunotherapy for GBM treatment, only a few strategies provide clinical benefits. […] Current observations suggest that a single immunotherapeutic approach is ineffective for GBM, which is highly complex and heterogeneous, as described above.

• #77 Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives | Cellular & Molecular Immunology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-024-01226-x

  The combination of immunotherapies with chemotherapy, particularly TMZ, is one of the most investigated strategies for GBM treatment. […] Although ICIs are widely used to treat a variety of cancers, such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, the efficacy of ICIs in GBM patients is still disappointing. […] Therefore, combining CAR-T-cell therapy with other treatment modalities (e.g., ICIs) might be an efficient way to overcome the immunoresistance associated with a single treatment. […] Overall, despite many obstacles, immunotherapy is still one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for GBM, and developing novel combinational therapeutic strategies aimed at heating up GBM tumors might overcome immunotherapy resistance.

• #78 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  No standard of care is established in recurrent or progressive GBM. Treatment alternatives may include supportive care, surgery, re-irradiation, systemic therapies, and combined modality therapy. […] Tumor-treating fields plus TMZ represent a major advance in the field of GBM therapy, and should be considered for patients with newly diagnosed GBM with no contraindications. […] As a disease with such a poor prognosis, treatment of GBM should go beyond improving survival and aim at preserving and even improving the quality of life of both the patient and the caregiver.

• #79 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  No standard of care is established in recurrent or progressive GBM. Treatment alternatives may include supportive care, surgery, re-irradiation, systemic therapies, and combined modality therapy. […] Tumor-treating fields plus TMZ represent a major advance in the field of GBM therapy, and should be considered for patients with newly diagnosed GBM with no contraindications. […] As a disease with such a poor prognosis, treatment of GBM should go beyond improving survival and aim at preserving and even improving the quality of life of both the patient and the caregiver.

• #80 Glioblastoma | Brain tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/types/glioblastoma

  You usually have radiotherapy after surgery. You might have it with chemotherapy. […] You might also have a chemotherapy drug called temozolomide. This is a tablet that you take. You have it if you are well and able to care for yourself. […] Your healthcare team will talk to you about supportive treatments to help control your symptoms. You can have these treatments alongside surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. […] Treatment for glioblastoma can control the tumour for some time. When the tumour starts to grow again your treatment depends on several factors including: what treatment you had before and when you had it, your symptoms, where the tumour is. […] You might have more surgery, more radiotherapy, more of the same chemotherapy, or a different sort of chemotherapy – this is called second line chemotherapy.

• #81 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  Because glioblastoma is difficult to treat, doctors are constantly searching for new ways to fight the disease. MD Anderson has one of the most active glioblastoma clinical trials programs in the world. […] Some patients with recurrent glioblastoma may be eligible for another surgery or LITT to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Radiation therapy can also be used as a palliative measure to slow tumor progression and to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor.

• #82 Glioblastoma | Recurrence, symptoms and treatment options

  https://mytomorrows.com/blog/patients/understanding-glioblastoma-recurrence-and-treatment-options/

  Surgery can ease symptoms and decrease tumour size, but its possibility relies on different elements like tumour location and the patients health and may not be a suitable course of action. […] It is important to provide supportive care measures such as pain management, psychological support, and palliative care to address the physical and emotional aspects of the disease. […] Clinical trials play a vital role in advancing our understanding of glioblastoma and exploring new treatment options. […] For patients diagnosed with glioblastoma recurrence, clinical trials could offer alternative avenues for treatment. […] Understanding glioblastoma recurrence and the available treatment options is vital for patients diagnosed with this challenging disease. […] From new therapies like dendritic cell vaccines to established treatments such as chemotherapy, a comprehensive approach may help manage recurrent glioblastoma and enhance well-being and quality of life.

• #83 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  Because glioblastoma is difficult to treat, doctors are constantly searching for new ways to fight the disease. MD Anderson has one of the most active glioblastoma clinical trials programs in the world. […] Some patients with recurrent glioblastoma may be eligible for another surgery or LITT to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Radiation therapy can also be used as a palliative measure to slow tumor progression and to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor.

• #84 Glioblastoma | Recurrence, symptoms and treatment options

  https://mytomorrows.com/blog/patients/understanding-glioblastoma-recurrence-and-treatment-options/

  Tumour-treating fields (TTFs) are a non-invasive treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma. […] TTFs have shown promise in extending survival and improving outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. […] Nanotherapy utilises nanotechnology to deliver a chemotherapy drug directly to the tumour site, minimizing damage to healthy brain tissue. […] Established treatment therapies such as chemotherapy and surgery play important roles in managing recurrent glioblastoma. […] Different chemotherapy drugs or drug combinations may be utilised to target the cancer cells and slow disease progression. […] Cancer cells can be destroyed by radiation therapy, which uses methods like stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiation therapy to deliver accurate and targeted radiation to the recurring tumour.

• #85 Glioblastoma | Brain tumours | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/brain-tumours/types/glioblastoma

  You usually have radiotherapy after surgery. You might have it with chemotherapy. […] You might also have a chemotherapy drug called temozolomide. This is a tablet that you take. You have it if you are well and able to care for yourself. […] Your healthcare team will talk to you about supportive treatments to help control your symptoms. You can have these treatments alongside surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. […] Treatment for glioblastoma can control the tumour for some time. When the tumour starts to grow again your treatment depends on several factors including: what treatment you had before and when you had it, your symptoms, where the tumour is. […] You might have more surgery, more radiotherapy, more of the same chemotherapy, or a different sort of chemotherapy – this is called second line chemotherapy.

• #86 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. […] GBMs present unique treatment challenges due to: […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure. […] After surgery, when the wound is healed, radiation therapy can begin. […] The use of radiation therapy provides most patients with improved outcomes and longer survival rates compared to surgery alone or the best supportive care. […] Chemotherapy with the drug temozolomide is the current standard of treatment for GBM. […] Tumor treating fields is a different modality of treatment that is introduced during the maintenance phase of treatment. […] Lomustine (chemotherapy) and bevacizumab (targeted therapy) are largely used when the tumor progresses.

• #87 Glioblastoma | Recurrence, symptoms and treatment options

  https://mytomorrows.com/blog/patients/understanding-glioblastoma-recurrence-and-treatment-options/

  Tumour-treating fields (TTFs) are a non-invasive treatment option for recurrent glioblastoma. […] TTFs have shown promise in extending survival and improving outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. […] Nanotherapy utilises nanotechnology to deliver a chemotherapy drug directly to the tumour site, minimizing damage to healthy brain tissue. […] Established treatment therapies such as chemotherapy and surgery play important roles in managing recurrent glioblastoma. […] Different chemotherapy drugs or drug combinations may be utilised to target the cancer cells and slow disease progression. […] Cancer cells can be destroyed by radiation therapy, which uses methods like stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiation therapy to deliver accurate and targeted radiation to the recurring tumour.

• #88 How We Treat Brain Tumors | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/brain-tumors/treatment

  The treatment of glioblastoma may include surgery, followed by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy, targeted chemotherapy during surgery, or simultaneous radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Traditional drugs, and even targeted chemotherapy agents, have had little success in treating glioblastoma, which is the most serious type of brain tumor. The addition of a clinical trial for a new treatment can be added to standard treatment and can be beneficial. […] At the Center for Neuro-Oncology, we have a large volume and diverse spectrum of clinical trials for malignant gliomas. We conducted the first successful randomized clinical trial of immunotherapy to show a benefit in glioblastoma patients. […] A new vaccine, rindopepimut, given along with the anti-angiogenic drug Avastin, has shown promise in significantly improving the survival of patients whose tumors carry the mutation known as EGFRvIII, which is found in about one-third of glioblastoma tumors.

• #89 How We Treat Brain Tumors | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/brain-tumors/treatment

  Dana-Farber researchers have helped to develop targeted molecular drugs for glioblastomas, and are identifying the most promising and best combination for our patients. […] Immunotherapy drugs stimulate the patient’s immune system to recognize and eradicate cancer cells. […] Clinical trials of new drugs that target P13 kinase (one of the most critical pathways in glioblastomas) and IDH1 (one of the most common mutations in grade II and III glioma) are ongoing. […] We offer clinical trials for patients who are newly diagnosed with glioblastoma and clinical trials for those with recurrent glioblastoma.

• #90 Glioblastoma Clinical Trials for New Treatments | Ivy Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/blog/glioblastoma-clinical-trials/

  The lack of new treatment options for aggressive brain tumors requires a bold approach to rapidly identify new, effective therapies that will increase life expectancy and contribute to a cure. […] The Ivy Brain Tumor Center is the largest Phase 0 clinical trials program in the world, with numerous active clinical trials and more scheduled to open this year. […] The Phase 0/2 clinical trial of pamiparib, an oral investigational small molecule PARP inhibitor, is designed for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma. […] The Ivy Brain Tumor Center published the initial results of the Phase 0/2 clinical trial of abemaciclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor; and LY3214996, a ERK inhibitor; in the ASCO Meeting Library. The combined targeted therapies demonstrated positive PK- and PD- response in tumor cells. […] The open-label Phase 0/1b study of AZD1390, an ATM inhibitor, is designed for recurrent grade IV glioma patients requiring re-radiation therapy.

• #91 Glioblastoma studies show promise | UNC-Chapel Hill

  https://www.unc.edu/discover/glioblastoma-studies-show-promise/

  Carolinas researchers are coming up with new therapies and technology to treat the deadly brain cancer. […] One UNC Health clinical trial is evaluating the safety and patients toleration of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. The trial is treating patients whose cancer has not successfully responded to one or more treatments. […] One UNC Health multicenter clinical trial aims to enroll 93 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients in a study to assess the safety and effectiveness of IGV-001, an immunotherapy developed by the biotechnology company Imvax Inc. […] The study involves implanting small biodiffusion chambers containing either IGV-001, which is designed to induce a broad and durable immune response against tumors, or a placebo after tumor-removal surgery. […] A November 2022 study found that a new personalized immune therapy from Northwest Biotherapeutics improved survival time for many patients.

• #92 Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-022-02349-7

  In addition, techniques to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for targeted delivery are being tested in clinical trials in patients with recurrent GBM. […] Here, we set forth the rationales for these promising therapies in treating GBM, review the potential novel agents, the current status of preclinical and clinical trials, and discuss the challenges and future perspectives in glioblastoma immuno-oncology. […] Given the poor survival with currently approved treatments for GBM, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. […] With these encouraging findings, immunotherapy including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy and vaccine therapy have been actively tested in clinical trials for GBM. […] Studies are ongoing to use combinatorial therapy with the aim of reducing adverse effects and enhancing antitumor responses.

• #93 Glioblastoma Long-Term Survivors | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/long-term-survivors

  Patients with tumors that have MGMT promoter methylation are reported to survive longer (with a median survival time of 22 months) compared to those without MGMT promoter methylation (a median survival of between 14 to 16 months). […] Having an IDH mutation in the tumor is favorable for the patient, as it impairs the tumors metabolism and slows growth. Patients with glioblastoma carrying an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation have a longer median survival time of 31 months. […] Researchers are actively testing new therapies to treat glioblastoma. Experimental therapies include the use of anti-tumor antibodies for targeted destruction, vaccines to enhance the patients immune system response, and gene therapy to deliver anti-cancer genes to the tumor.

• #94 Glioblastoma – Symptoms, Treatment Options & Research – Sunnybrook Hospital

  https://sunnybrook.ca/content/?page=glioblastoma-brain-tumour

  Sunnybrook researchers are investigating new ways to treat patients with glioblastomas. […] Researchers are investigating ways they could use this technology to treat patients with glioblastoma. […] Researchers are looking at ways to use IV-delivered gene therapy to attack tumour-associated blood vessels. […] Researchers are combining surgery with the injection of a modified, tumour-killing virus.

• #95 New grant funds first-of-its-kind gene therapy to treat aggressive brain cancer

  https://keck.usc.edu/news/new-grant-funds-first-of-its-kind-gene-therapy-to-treat-aggressive-brain-cancer/

  Tran’s team developed a new AI technology to analyze large genetic data sets and identify “master regulators” within glioblastoma—key genes that define a brain tumor and are essential for its survival. […] In addition to identifying new targets, researchers have discovered a promising vehicle for delivering therapy to the cancer using a common virus known as AAV (adeno-associated virus). […] The USC team created a library of approximately 10 billion different variants of these AAV viruses and exhaustively screened them, looking for any viruses capable of infecting glioblastoma cells without infecting normal brain tissue. […] Patients with aggressive brain tumors typically undergo a procedure called conduction-enhanced delivery (CED), where a surgeon implants a catheter into the tumor to deliver the gene therapy and cellular treatment.

• #96 A Path of Hope for Glioblastoma Treatment | Illuminate Winter 2024 | U-M Rogel Cancer Center | Michigan

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/illuminate/path-hope-glioblastoma-treatment

  To trigger a natural immune response in the tumor cavity after resection, Castro and Lowenstein wanted to use a new two-vector approach: One gene kills the tumor cells, the other activates the immune system, Castro says. Its a two-pronged attack. […] The therapy also worked particularly well for model animals with gliomas that carried the IDH1 mutation, which Castro describes as a death sentence delayed in time. […] In early studies, they found 98% of animals with mIDH1 glioblastomas were cured, a finding never seen before in any tumor type, Castro says. It worked beautifully. […] Patients in the study saw median survival times of about 21 months, a significant gain from the historic survival of 14.6 months. […] We believe this gene therapy approach may be even more powerful in patients with the IDH1 mutation, Castro says.

• #97 New Glioblastoma Treatment Reaches Human Brain Tumor and Helps Immune Cells Recognize Cancer Cells – News Center

  https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2024/06/06/new-glioblastoma-treatment-reaches-human-brain-tumor-and-helps-immune-cells-recognize-cancer-cells/

  Nowoczesna immunoterapia jest pierwszym w historii leczeniem tego nowotworu mózgu. W znaczącym postępie w leczeniu śmiertelnego nowotworu mózgu, glioblastomy, naukowcy z Northwestern Medicine użyli technologii ultradźwiękowej, aby przeniknąć przez barierę krew-mózg i dostarczyć małą dawkę koktajlu leków chemioterapeutycznych i immunoterapeutycznych. Badanie opublikowane w Nature Communications wykazało, że ta terapia zwiększa rozpoznawanie komórek nowotworowych przez układ odpornościowy i może prowadzić do nowego podejścia terapeutycznego. […] To jest pierwszy raport w ludziach, w którym urządzenie ultradźwiękowe zostało użyte do dostarczania leków i przeciwciał do glioblastomy, aby zmienić układ odpornościowy, tak aby mógł rozpoznać i zaatakować nowotwór mózgu. […] Te nowe odkrycia są podstawą nowej próby klinicznej, która właśnie została uruchomiona w Northwestern, wykorzystującej ultradźwięki do dostarczania immunoterapii dla glioblastomy. […] Sonabend jednak wierzy, że poprzez zwiększenie dostarczania tych przeciwciał i leków do mózgu oraz poleganie na biomarkerach, które wskazują, które guzy są najbardziej podatne na immunoterapię, ta terapia może okazać się skuteczna dla niektórych pacjentów z glioblastomą.

• #98 Breakthrough in Brain Cancer: New Glioblastoma Treatment Boosts Immune Response

  https://breakthroughsforphysicians.nm.org/neurosciences-research-article-glioblastoma-treatment-reaches-brain-tumor.html

  Novel immunotherapy is first-in-human treatment for this brain cancer. In a major advance for the treatment of the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma, Northwestern Medicine scientists used ultrasound technology to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and provide a small dose of a chemotherapy and immunotherapy drug cocktail. The study, published in Nature Communications, found that this treatment boosted the immune systems recognition of the cancer cells and could lead to a new treatment approach. […] This is the first report in humans where an ultrasound device has been used to deliver drugs and antibodies to glioblastoma to change the immune system, so it can recognize and attack the brain cancer, said co-corresponding author Adam Sonabend, MD, associate professor of Neurological Surgery and a Northwestern Medicine neurosurgeon. This could be a major advance for the treatment of glioblastoma, which has been a frustratingly difficult cancer to treat, in part due to poor penetration of circulating drugs and antibodies into the brain.

• #99 Sonodynamic Therapy Shows Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/sonodynamic-therapy-shows-promise-for-glioblastoma-treatment

  In an open-label, multicenter, phase 1/2 trial for recurrent high-grade gliomas (NCT05362409), SDT more than doubled median overall survival (OS) and tripled progression-free survival (PFS), highlighting its potential as a breakthrough therapy. […] Findings presented at the 2024 Society of Neuro-Oncology (SNO) Annual Meeting showed that the median OS was 15.7 months, which is a significant improvement over the historical benchmark of 6 to 8 months for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. […] Safety data also showed the therapy to exhibit a robust safety profile with no treatment-related deaths, serious AEs, or significant toxicities reported.

• #100 A New Vaccine to Target Treatment-Resistant Glioblastoma | Center for Cancer Research

  https://ccr.cancer.gov/neuro-oncology-branch/a-new-vaccine-to-target-treatment-resistant-glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer in adults and remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat. People with these tumors usually undergo surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. However, glioblastomas often resist treatment. For decades, theres been little improvement in disease outcomes. The median length of survival is eight months, and the five-year relative survival rate is just 6.9 percent. […] To boost the immune systems response, researchers at the NCI Center for Cancer Researchs Neuro-Oncology Branch (NOB) have created a cancer vaccine that can activate immune cells to recognize and attack glioblastomas. In a recent study published in Advanced Science, they showed that their vaccine (called the rWTC-MBTA vaccine) could extend survival and prevent tumor recurrence in mouse models. Eventually, they hope this vaccine could supplement conventional treatments to improve care for people with glioblastoma.

• #101 A New Vaccine to Target Treatment-Resistant Glioblastoma | Center for Cancer Research

  https://ccr.cancer.gov/neuro-oncology-branch/a-new-vaccine-to-target-treatment-resistant-glioblastoma

  Our vaccine has the potential to enhance more traditional therapies to extend survival in people with glioblastoma. […] Immunotherapies are treatments that harness the immune system to target tumors. At the moment, there are only a handful of immunotherapies being tested in clinical trials for brain cancers, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapies. […] To address these limitations, many researchers are exploring cancer vaccines that help the immune system recognize and eliminate glioblastomas. […] The vaccine also helped prevent the tumors from coming back. […] Dr. Zhuang believes their vaccine would be especially effective in combination with other conventional treatments. […] Our vaccine is not a cure-all, Dr. Zhuang says, but it does have the potential to address the shortcomings in our current treatment strategies for glioblastomaand hopefully prevent recurrence.

• #102 Combination glioblastoma treatment cures the disease in preclinical models of 'untreatable’ drug-resistant brain cancer | Lerner Research Institute

  https://www.lerner.ccf.org/news/article/?title=Combination+glioblastoma+treatment+cures+the+disease+in+preclinical+models+of+%26%2339%3Buntreatable%26%2339%3B+drug-resistant+brain+cancer&id=e1caaff4cd73af725290e57712d68d9cb39b34b1

  Targeting multiple immune cells greatly improved glioblastoma life expectancy in preclinical models of treatment-resistant brain cancer with a 60% overall cure rate. […] Cleveland Clinic researchers from the laboratory of Peiwen Chen, PhD, have developed a glioblastoma treatment strategy that has had a 60% cure rate in preclinical models. The treatment is a combination therapy consisting of an FDA-approved immunotherapy (anti-PD1) and two compounds that block processes called macrophage and microglia infiltration, where immune cells that are meant to help our brains instead contribute to tumor growth. […] Results published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation showed the triple combination therapy provided long-lasting protection from future tumors, providing hope that new options can be developed for what is considered an uncurable disease.

• #103 Combination glioblastoma treatment cures the disease in preclinical models of 'untreatable’ drug-resistant brain cancer | Lerner Research Institute

  https://www.lerner.ccf.org/news/article/?title=Combination+glioblastoma+treatment+cures+the+disease+in+preclinical+models+of+%26%2339%3Buntreatable%26%2339%3B+drug-resistant+brain+cancer&id=e1caaff4cd73af725290e57712d68d9cb39b34b1

  Researchers tested blocking genes tied to microglia (OLFML3) and macrophages (LOX) independently and in combination with anti-PD1 immunotherapy, which generally fails to combat glioblastoma on its own. Blocking the genes individually led to a moderate lifespan increase. Shockingly, the triple therapy (LOX inhibition + CLOCK-OLFML3 inhibition + anti-PD1) was highly effective in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma; tumors disappeared in over 60% of cases. The triple therapy even protected the cured subjects when researchers tried to reintroduce tumors.

• #104 Preliminary Clinical Trial Results Show ‘Dramatic and Rapid’ Regression of Glioblastoma after Next Generation CAR-T Therapy

  https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/clinical-trial-results-show-dramatic-regression-of-glioblastoma-after-next-generation-car-t-therapy

  Mass General Cancer Center researchers took a new approach to CAR-T, engineering CAR-TEAM cells to treat mixed cell populations within tumors. Working in collaboration with Mass General neurosurgeons, the team tested the approach in a phase 1 clinical trial of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. First three patients in the trial showed dramatic responses within days. In a paper published today in The New England Journal of Medicine, researchers from the Mass General Cancer Center shared the results for the first three patient cases from a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating a new approach to CAR-T therapy for glioblastoma (GBM). The trial, known as INCIPIENT, is designed to evaluate the safety of CARv3-TEAM-E T cells in patients with recurrent GBM. Just days after a single treatment, patients experienced dramatic reductions in their tumors, with one patient achieving near-complete tumor regression.

• #105 A Path of Hope for Glioblastoma Treatment | Illuminate Winter 2024 | U-M Rogel Cancer Center | Michigan

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/illuminate/path-hope-glioblastoma-treatment

  Their study, recently published in Cancer Discovery, shows that in a cohort of 36 DMG patients treated after initial radiation, the median survival time was nearly 22 months. […] Since 2017, weve treated more than 100 patients with this therapy here at U-M, Koschmann says. […] Because treatments for these brain cancers still offer relatively little to patients, catching the disease earlyand maybe even predicting patients risks of developing themis critical. […] The initial outcomes from this study appear to be promising, Kim says, and the work is being developed into a national phase II/III randomized trial through the National Clinical Trials Network. […] We need to work together, combine our efforts to attack this monster from several angles, Castro adds. Once were able to combine multiple approaches immunotherapy, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted gene therapies well be able to make a dent in this disease. This is what we believe quite strongly. […] Ultimately, were not where we want to be, but progress is being made, and life expectancy is basically increasing. There are more trials now than ever, Carr says.

• #106 Treatment strategy reprograms brain cancer cells, halting tumor growth | UCLA

  https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/treatment-strategy-reprograms-brain-cancer-cells-halting-tumor-growth

  Combining radiation therapy with a plant-derived compound called forskolin can force glioblastoma cells into a dormant state, making them incapable of dividing or spreading. […] Researchers found that the forskolin was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, significantly depleting glioma stem cells and slowing tumor proliferation. […] UCLA scientists have identified a potential new strategy for treating glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer, by reprogramming aggressive cancer cells into harmless ones. […] When tested in mice, the addition of forskolin to radiation prolonged survival, offering a potential new avenue for combating glioblastoma, a disease with limited treatment options and a median survival time of just 15 to 18 months after diagnosis. […] Glioblastoma is notoriously difficult to treat, largely due to the cancer cells ability to divide uncontrollably and the protective blood-brain barrier that limits the effectiveness of therapies.

• #107 Treatment strategy reprograms brain cancer cells, halting tumor growth | UCLA

  https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/treatment-strategy-reprograms-brain-cancer-cells-halting-tumor-growth

  Our approach is unique because it leverages the timing and effects of radiation. […] By adding forskolin at the right moment, we push these cells to become neuron-like or microglia-like, reducing their potential to regrow into tumors. […] The researchers found that the forskolin was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, significantly depleting glioma stem cells and slowing tumor proliferation. […] These findings highlight the potential of this dual therapy to substantially improve survival in glioblastoma models. […] Our ultimate goal is to one day transform the standard of care for glioblastoma. […] Although the study shows promising results, the researchers observed that some mice eventually experienced a recurrence, emphasizing the need to refine dosing and explore alternative dosing strategies to improve the long-term durability of tumor response.

• #108 A Path of Hope for Glioblastoma Treatment | Illuminate Winter 2024 | U-M Rogel Cancer Center | Michigan

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/illuminate/path-hope-glioblastoma-treatment

  Their study, recently published in Cancer Discovery, shows that in a cohort of 36 DMG patients treated after initial radiation, the median survival time was nearly 22 months. […] Since 2017, weve treated more than 100 patients with this therapy here at U-M, Koschmann says. […] Because treatments for these brain cancers still offer relatively little to patients, catching the disease earlyand maybe even predicting patients risks of developing themis critical. […] The initial outcomes from this study appear to be promising, Kim says, and the work is being developed into a national phase II/III randomized trial through the National Clinical Trials Network. […] We need to work together, combine our efforts to attack this monster from several angles, Castro adds. Once were able to combine multiple approaches immunotherapy, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted gene therapies well be able to make a dent in this disease. This is what we believe quite strongly. […] Ultimately, were not where we want to be, but progress is being made, and life expectancy is basically increasing. There are more trials now than ever, Carr says.

• #109 Improving Glioblastoma Treatment | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/cancer-talk/improving-glioblastoma-treatment/

  Phase I clinical trial finds adding a radiosensitizer may improve radiations ability to kill this fast-growing brain cancer. […] COMBINING A NEW DRUG with standard radiation may safely improve treatment for people with an aggressive form of brain cancer, according to a study presented April 9 at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024 in San Diego. […] The current standard of care for glioblastoma is intensity-modulated radiation therapy, which works by damaging the cancer cells DNA. However, this damage triggers the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) cell signaling pathway, which repairs the DNA, countering the work done by radiation. Researchers have developed a new drug that prevents that repair work, allowing radiation to effectively kill cancer cells.

• #110 Improving Glioblastoma Treatment | Cancer Today

  https://www.cancertodaymag.org/cancer-talk/improving-glioblastoma-treatment/

  In the phase I clinical trial, 115 people with glioblastoma received the ATM kinase inhibitor AZD1390 and standard radiation. […] While researchers are still assessing the drugs impact on survival, early findings indicate AZD1390 may improve treatment outcomes. […] The data from this first-in-patient study demonstrated the potential for AZD1390 to act as a radiosensitizer for the treatment of glioblastoma, Yang said. […] Another key goal of the trial was to assess the drugs safety when taken concurrently with radiation. […] These are well-tolerated doses that we predict to have clinical efficacy, Yang said.

• #111 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  No standard of care is established in recurrent or progressive GBM. Treatment alternatives may include supportive care, surgery, re-irradiation, systemic therapies, and combined modality therapy. […] Tumor-treating fields plus TMZ represent a major advance in the field of GBM therapy, and should be considered for patients with newly diagnosed GBM with no contraindications. […] As a disease with such a poor prognosis, treatment of GBM should go beyond improving survival and aim at preserving and even improving the quality of life of both the patient and the caregiver.

• #112 Glioblastoma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/glioma/glioblastoma.html

  Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. […] In certain situations, aggressive resection can help change the natural history of this tumor. The location, size, and subtype of glioblastoma determine which combination of treatments is optimal. […] Treatment also includes managing symptoms caused by the glioblastoma. […] People who experience seizures are treated with an antiseizure drug, such as levetiracetam. Tumor-induced seizures can be challenging to treat, and surgical resection may be able to reduce seizure activity. […] Glucocorticoids (steroids) can improve headaches and neurologic deficits caused by cerebral edema. Dexamethasone is frequently prescribed for this purpose but is associated with significant side effects and may shorten survival. Glucocorticoids are used at the lowest effective dose and, ideally, only until other treatments are planned.

• #113 Glioblastoma Medication: Antineoplastic agents, Anticonvulsants, Corticosteroids

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-medication

  Although its mechanism of action is not completely understood, lomustine causes inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis resulting from carbamylation of DNA polymerase, alkylation of DNA, and alteration of RNA proteins. […] Dexamethasone remains the preferred glucocorticoid option for glioblastoma-induced cerebral edema. […] These agents reduce edema around the tumor, frequently leading to symptomatic and objective improvement. […] The use of lomustine in recurrent glioblastoma is increasing; lomustine alone is now commonly used as a control arm in clinical trials. […] The alkylating agent temozolomide is used for treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma, and the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab is used for treatment of recurrences.

• #114 Glioblastoma | Brain Tumor Center | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/brain-tumor/conditions/glioma/glioblastoma.html

  Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the primary treatment options. […] In certain situations, aggressive resection can help change the natural history of this tumor. The location, size, and subtype of glioblastoma determine which combination of treatments is optimal. […] Treatment also includes managing symptoms caused by the glioblastoma. […] People who experience seizures are treated with an antiseizure drug, such as levetiracetam. Tumor-induced seizures can be challenging to treat, and surgical resection may be able to reduce seizure activity. […] Glucocorticoids (steroids) can improve headaches and neurologic deficits caused by cerebral edema. Dexamethasone is frequently prescribed for this purpose but is associated with significant side effects and may shorten survival. Glucocorticoids are used at the lowest effective dose and, ideally, only until other treatments are planned.

• #115 Glioblastoma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/glioblastoma

  Neurocognitive rehabilitation is also available through our Neurocognitive Care Services. Our multi-disciplinary team will assess each patient’s needs, and devise an individualized plan to improve language, motor, or cognitive impairments caused by the brain tumor. […] Over time, glioblastomas almost always recur (grow back). Patients are regularly monitored for tumor recurrence, and treated as needed. Additional surgery and radiation may be considered for recurrent glioblastoma, depending on the patients overall condition. There are also a range of experimental therapies, outside of standard care, that may be available through participation in clinical trials. […] The primary goal of treatment is to not only prolong survival for patients, but also to increase a patients quality of life, by addressing neurological symptoms and preserving cognitive function.

• #116 Glioblastoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glioblastoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20569078

  Clinical trials are studies of new treatments. These studies provide a chance to try the latest treatments. The risk of side effects might not be known. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps someone with a serious illness feel better. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. […] The use of palliative care with other medical treatments can help people with cancer feel better and live longer.

• #117 Glioblastoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glioblastoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20569078

  Clinical trials are studies of new treatments. These studies provide a chance to try the latest treatments. The risk of side effects might not be known. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps someone with a serious illness feel better. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. […] The use of palliative care with other medical treatments can help people with cancer feel better and live longer.

• #118 Glioblastoma Multiforme

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurosurgery/conditions-treated/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  This drug therapy is designed to kill cancer cells. Some patients even have dissolvable, circular chemotherapy wafers placed in the brain during surgery, which then slowly release medicine into the system. […] High-energy radiation beams kill cancer cells at precise points in the brain. Usually, this is recommended in combination with chemotherapy, or for people who can’t undergo surgery. […] An electrical field disrupts the tumors ability to multiply in this therapy, which involves applying adhesive pads to the scalp connected to a device that generates electrical fields. […] This drug therapy focuses on blocking abnormalities in cancer cells and is usually administered intravenously. […] These research studies look for new treatments for any given disease or disorder. By participating in a clinical trial, you can try the latest treatment options, but the side effects of these therapies may not yet be known.

• #119 Glioblastoma Brain Tumor – Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentsSecond Opinion IconGroup 49

  https://www.barrowneuro.org/condition/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  At Barrow Neurological Institute, we give our patients access to various neuro-rehabilitation specialists to maximize independence. Neuro-rehabilitation can include physical therapy to help you regain strength and balance, speech therapy to support speaking, expressing thoughts, or swallowing, and occupational therapy to aid you in managing daily activities like bathing, dressing, and using the bathroom. Treating a brain tumor is about more than extending your life—it’s also equally focused on enhancing your quality of life. […] Glioblastoma surgery is most successful when a highly-skilled neurosurgeon does it—and at Barrow Neurological Institute’s world-class Brain and Spine Tumor Program, we treat people with complex tumors in one robust, full-service location. Our sophisticated multidisciplinary team—neurosurgeons, head and neck surgeons, neuro-oncologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists, to name a few—can offer you the latest treatments for head and neck cancers, including neurological and metastatic cancers. […] Finally, we also offer a Brain Cancer Survivorship Program to foster relationships between families affected by brain tumors and provide ongoing support.

• #120 Glioblastoma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/glioblastoma

  Neurocognitive rehabilitation is also available through our Neurocognitive Care Services. Our multi-disciplinary team will assess each patient’s needs, and devise an individualized plan to improve language, motor, or cognitive impairments caused by the brain tumor. […] Over time, glioblastomas almost always recur (grow back). Patients are regularly monitored for tumor recurrence, and treated as needed. Additional surgery and radiation may be considered for recurrent glioblastoma, depending on the patients overall condition. There are also a range of experimental therapies, outside of standard care, that may be available through participation in clinical trials. […] The primary goal of treatment is to not only prolong survival for patients, but also to increase a patients quality of life, by addressing neurological symptoms and preserving cognitive function.

• #121 Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10669378/

  The poor prognosis in GBM is due to unique treatment limitations, including the intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, which facilitates the selection of resistant subpopulations, the fortified location of the tumor, which hinders the delivery of therapeutics, as well as the induction of a strong local immunosuppression. […] The current approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in conjunction with treating brain tumors. […] The current body of literature supports the utilization of several fractions to enhance the treatment effectiveness for brain metastases despite the feasibility of deploying either single-fraction or three-fraction SRS. […] The utilization of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is on the rise for individuals who are not eligible for surgical or Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) interventions since it has been shown to significantly enhance the survival rates of patients with brain metastases.

• #122 Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5774

  One of the greatest challenges in GBM treatment is its extensive heterogeneity, which refers to intertumor (population-level differences) and intratumor heterogeneity (individual tumor differences). […] Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a therapy developed in the late 1960s by Prof. Lars Leksell. It delivers a high radiation dose to the tumor in a single session. […] Proton beam therapy (PBT) delivers a high radiation dose without destroying critical organs and tissues surrounding the target area. […] Tumor-treating fields (TTFs) deliver alternating electric fields that disrupt cell division, using a specially designed device. […] Brachytherapy (BT) for GBM utilizes radioactive isotopes to administer ionizing radiation directly to the tumor site. […] EGFR activation in cancer cells promotes proliferation and protects transformed cells against apoptosis.

• #123 Can Any Treatment Overcome Glioblastoma’s Heterogeneity? | Keck Medicine of USC

  https://www.keckmedicine.org/physician-hub/glioblastoma-brain-tumor-heterogeneity/

  The glioma subtype known as glioblastoma is notoriously difficult to treat. Current treatments for glioblastoma are unable to successfully address the heterogeneity between different glioblastoma tumors. The fact is that glioblastomas differ markedly between patients, and even within an individual patient, a glioblastoma does not stay the same. Instead, it mutates over time, making treatment difficult. […] Promising new research, however, is aimed at identifying commonalities in glioblastomas and using that information to develop heterogeneity-agnostic treatment that will be effective across multiple glioblastomas. […] Not only that but treating a single patients glioblastoma is difficult because the patients own tumor will change. […] Developing a treatment suited for multiple glioblastomas would require researchers to identify some sort of commonality in glioblastomas in general.

• #124 Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10669378/

  The poor prognosis in GBM is due to unique treatment limitations, including the intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, which facilitates the selection of resistant subpopulations, the fortified location of the tumor, which hinders the delivery of therapeutics, as well as the induction of a strong local immunosuppression. […] The current approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in conjunction with treating brain tumors. […] The current body of literature supports the utilization of several fractions to enhance the treatment effectiveness for brain metastases despite the feasibility of deploying either single-fraction or three-fraction SRS. […] The utilization of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is on the rise for individuals who are not eligible for surgical or Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) interventions since it has been shown to significantly enhance the survival rates of patients with brain metastases.

• #125 Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-022-02349-7

  Moreover, emerging insights into BBB features have yielded novel strategies to improve drug penetration into the tumor and infiltrative regions. […] Herein, we set forth the rationales for these promising therapies in treating GBM, review the potential therapeutic targets, the current status of pre-clinical and clinical trials, and discuss the challenges and future directions of emerging therapies. […] Immunotherapy, which harnesses the body’s immune system to against cancer, has led to important clinical advances over the past few years. […] Although no FDA-approved immunotherapies for GBM exists currently, there are several ongoing clinical trials testing in GBM patients, spurred on by advances in immuno-oncology for other tumor types. […] Despite this, a persistent challenge remain for immunotherapy in treating GBM due to the existence of redundant mechanisms of tumor-mediated immune suppression.

• #126 Powerful Drug Combination Kills Glioblastoma Tumors Containing a Unique Genetic Makeup | Center for Cancer Research

  https://ccr.cancer.gov/neuro-oncology-branch/powerful-drug-combination-kills-glioblastoma-tumors-containing-a-unique-genetic-makeup

  This is a very special drug combination, says Olga Kim, M.D., Ph.D., an NOB postdoctoral fellow and the studys first author. Not only can LMP400 and Niraparib reach the brain to treat tumors there, but they are able to target this very specific subset of glioblastomas. […] Oftentimes glioblastomas will develop resistance to a single drug agent, so combining the two drugs can help overcome this resistance, Dr. Kim says. It also means we can use a lower dose of each drug, which decreases the likelihood of side effects. […] According to Dr. Wu, the fact that PTEN deficiency sensitizes glioblastoma cells to this combined therapeutic approach is extremely exciting. She hopes their results will allow them to help people with this type of glioblastoma. […] This study sets a strong scientific foundation that could help to meet the unmet needs of glioblastoma patients, she says. In the future, her team plans to translate these preclinical findings to clinical trials to test the benefit to people with glioblastomaand ultimately improve their care and outcomes.

• #127 Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10669378/

  The poor prognosis in GBM is due to unique treatment limitations, including the intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity, which facilitates the selection of resistant subpopulations, the fortified location of the tumor, which hinders the delivery of therapeutics, as well as the induction of a strong local immunosuppression. […] The current approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in conjunction with treating brain tumors. […] The current body of literature supports the utilization of several fractions to enhance the treatment effectiveness for brain metastases despite the feasibility of deploying either single-fraction or three-fraction SRS. […] The utilization of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is on the rise for individuals who are not eligible for surgical or Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) interventions since it has been shown to significantly enhance the survival rates of patients with brain metastases.

• #128 Can Any Treatment Overcome Glioblastoma’s Heterogeneity? | Keck Medicine of USC

  https://www.keckmedicine.org/physician-hub/glioblastoma-brain-tumor-heterogeneity/

  If you develop a gene therapy to target these genes, the whole gene network that defines GBM tumors collapses and the tumor cells will die, he says. Without these genes, the tumor cell is not able to survive. […] The ultimate goal of this therapeutic program is to develop and provide a novel, effective, heterogeneity-agnostic treatment option for patients with glioblastomas, especially recurrent glioblastomas, who currently have limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis, the researchers grant description explains. […] So far, Tran says their research has shown that if we are able to deliver the target genes to the vast majority of tumor cells, we can achieve a very high cure rate of even up to 90%. […] If we can develop any therapy that makes up to 50% of patients survive long-term, its a huge success, he says. […] This first-of-its-kind treatment may also one day extend to other types of tumors, too.

• #129 Can Any Treatment Overcome Glioblastoma’s Heterogeneity? | Keck Medicine of USC

  https://www.keckmedicine.org/physician-hub/glioblastoma-brain-tumor-heterogeneity/

  If you develop a gene therapy to target these genes, the whole gene network that defines GBM tumors collapses and the tumor cells will die, he says. Without these genes, the tumor cell is not able to survive. […] The ultimate goal of this therapeutic program is to develop and provide a novel, effective, heterogeneity-agnostic treatment option for patients with glioblastomas, especially recurrent glioblastomas, who currently have limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis, the researchers grant description explains. […] So far, Tran says their research has shown that if we are able to deliver the target genes to the vast majority of tumor cells, we can achieve a very high cure rate of even up to 90%. […] If we can develop any therapy that makes up to 50% of patients survive long-term, its a huge success, he says. […] This first-of-its-kind treatment may also one day extend to other types of tumors, too.

• #130 Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: current state and future directions | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-022-02349-7

  Despite incremental advances in the therapeutic approach to GBM, there has been minimal development of both new and existing drug therapies for recurrent GBM. […] Recently, focused ultrasound to overcome the BBB has led to the emergence of this technology as a viable new option for targeted delivery to the CNS.

• #131 Breakthrough in treatment approach showing promise in the fight against glioblastoma – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2025/01/16/breakthrough-in-treatment-approach-showing-promise-in-the-fight-against-glioblastoma/

  Mayo Clinic announced the results of an innovative treatment approach that may improve overall survival in older patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma while maintaining quality of life. […] Results showed that 56% of participants were alive after 12 months and the median overall survival was 13.1 months. „As compared to prior phase 3 studies in an older population having a median survival of only six to nine months, these results are promising,” says Dr. Vora. […] Standard radiation therapy is commonly used to treat glioblastoma and can be effective. However, a limitation is that it exposes healthy brain tissue to radiation, potentially causing collateral, unintended damage. […] For the Mayo Clinic study, investigators used one of the most innovative and advanced forms of radiation treatment: proton beam therapy. This cutting-edge, nonsurgical form of radiation therapy destroys cancer cells with targeted precision while minimizing side effects to surrounding healthy tissue.

• #132 MSU researchers find early, promising glioblastoma treatment

  https://humanmedicine.msu.edu/news/2024-MSU-researchers-find-early-promising-glioblastoma-treatment%20.html

  MSU researchers find early, promising glioblastoma treatment. A team of Michigan State University scientists has unveiled a potential game-changer in the fight against glioblastoma, the most common and currently incurable form of brain cancer. Their weapon of choice? A drug-like compound named Ogremorphin, or OGM. In laboratory experiments, OGM showed a remarkable ability to kill glioblastoma cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. Charles Hong, MD, PhD, the chair of the Department of Medicine at MSU College of Human Medicine, who led the study, published in the journal Experimental Hematology and Oncology, declared it an „early but an extremely promising path to a cure.” What makes OGM special lies in its precision. The researchers targeted an acid sensor called GPR68/OGR1 on the cancer cell membranes, disrupting a crucial signaling pathway that cancer cells rely on to survive and grow. Because glioblastoma cells acidify their tumor environment and then use the acid sensing receptor to survive, the OGM compound essentially cuts off their lifeline, Hong explained, „We haven’t found a single brain cancer cell line that it cant kill.” The reality of brain cancer is that, even with the standard treatment that combines brain surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the median survival period is 15-18 months following diagnosis, with a five-year survival rate of around 10%. Such outcome is due to cancer recurrence and treatment resistance. We found an explanation for how acidic tumor environment enables the cancer cells to survive and evade chemotherapy, and at the same time, we found a drug candidate that blocks this survival pathway to selectively kill them without touching normal cells,” Dr. Hong shared. This is a just first step, he added. Developing a treatment for human glioblastoma patients will take years of research, he said, We hope to have human trials within five years.

• #133 A Path of Hope for Glioblastoma Treatment | Illuminate Winter 2024 | U-M Rogel Cancer Center | Michigan

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/illuminate/path-hope-glioblastoma-treatment

  Their study, recently published in Cancer Discovery, shows that in a cohort of 36 DMG patients treated after initial radiation, the median survival time was nearly 22 months. […] Since 2017, weve treated more than 100 patients with this therapy here at U-M, Koschmann says. […] Because treatments for these brain cancers still offer relatively little to patients, catching the disease earlyand maybe even predicting patients risks of developing themis critical. […] The initial outcomes from this study appear to be promising, Kim says, and the work is being developed into a national phase II/III randomized trial through the National Clinical Trials Network. […] We need to work together, combine our efforts to attack this monster from several angles, Castro adds. Once were able to combine multiple approaches immunotherapy, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted gene therapies well be able to make a dent in this disease. This is what we believe quite strongly. […] Ultimately, were not where we want to be, but progress is being made, and life expectancy is basically increasing. There are more trials now than ever, Carr says.

• #134 Glioblastoma (GBM) – American Brain Tumor Association | Learn More

  https://www.abta.org/tumor_types/glioblastoma-gbm/

  Glioblastomas can be difficult to treat for the following reasons: […] Because of this, the treatment plan for glioblastoma may combine several approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, clinical trials, Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), and targeted therapies. […] Surgery is often the first step in treating glioblastoma. Surgery allows the medical team to get a biopsy and make a diagnosis, relieve pressure on the brain, and safely remove as much tumor as possible. […] Radiation and chemotherapy are used to slow down the growth of residual tumor after surgery and for tumors that cannot be removed with surgery. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), which act to disrupt rapid cell division, may also be offered in combination with chemotherapy. […] Standard of care treatment for newly diagnosed GBM depends on a variety of factors, including molecular biomarkers (MGMT promoter methylation status), patient age and ability to perform activities of daily living. Recurrent GBM is treated based on the patients response to initial treatments and assessment of disease progression. Some patients may also be eligible for clinical trials. […] In a disease like glioblastoma, clinical trial participation is often highly encouraged both in the newly diagnosed setting and in recurrence.

• #135 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://ebooks.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies for recurrent and newly diagnosed disease. Innovative treatments, such as tumor-treating fields (TTFields) and immunotherapy, give hope for enhanced survival. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed GBM requires a multidisciplinary approach. Current standard therapy includes maximal safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation with temozolomide (TMZ) (Temodar), an oral alkylating chemotherapy agent, and then adjuvant chemotherapy with TMZ.

• #136 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  No standard of care is established in recurrent or progressive GBM. Treatment alternatives may include supportive care, surgery, re-irradiation, systemic therapies, and combined modality therapy. […] Tumor-treating fields plus TMZ represent a major advance in the field of GBM therapy, and should be considered for patients with newly diagnosed GBM with no contraindications. […] As a disease with such a poor prognosis, treatment of GBM should go beyond improving survival and aim at preserving and even improving the quality of life of both the patient and the caregiver.

• #137 Glioblastoma Clinical Trials for New Treatments | Ivy Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/blog/glioblastoma-clinical-trials/

  Next year, an estimated 26,670 people in the United States and more than 308,000 people worldwide will be diagnosed with a primary malignant brain tumor (CBTRUS). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer in adults, and the standard of care to treat this disease only postpones tumor progression. Most patients with glioblastoma experience a tumor recurrence just months after their first surgery to remove the tumor. Because these tumors almost always come back after the first-line treatment and a second line hasn’t been established, the five-year survival rate for patients with glioblastoma is only 6.8%. […] Temozolomide is the only FDA-approved chemotherapy available for extending overall survival in high-grade glioma patients, but conventional treatment alone is not sufficient to prevent tumor regrowth. Clinical trials are the most effective method to research and develop new therapeutics for glioblastoma and other brain cancers.

• #138 Let’s Talk About Glioblastoma

  https://braintumor.org/news/lets-talk-about-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is known as the most common, complex, treatment-resistant, and deadliest type of brain cancer. The current standard of care can only prolong a patients life by a few months, on average, but it can also drastically reduce their quality of life. […] Currently, there is no uniform standard of care for recurrent glioblastoma, which means its up to the patient and their health care team to determine their next steps. […] One of the challenges patients with GBM recurrence can face is that they have already undergone a variety of treatments to get to that point, which may exclude them from clinical trial opportunities. […] Glioblastoma is one of the more expensive cancers to treat, often leaving patients and families with major financial hardship on top of the burdens of the disease. […] For everyone with a glioblastoma diagnosis, its time for a better chance.

Zobacz więcej