Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/20/5/supplement-october-2016-glioblastoma-treatment/glioblastoma

  Even with advances in surgical resection, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of 15 months. […] Palliative care should be initiated at diagnosis, with ongoing sensitive and empathetic discussions concerning goals of care and wishes throughout the continuum of care. Honest discussions about prognosis and vigilant attention to symptom management are necessary to achieve the overarching goal of maintaining the patients quality of life as long as possible.

• #2 About Glioblastoma

  https://braintumor.org/events/glioblastoma-awareness-day/about-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most complex, deadly, and treatment-resistant cancers. […] The five-year survival rate for glioblastoma patients is only 6.9 percent, and the average length of survival for glioblastoma patients is estimated to be only 8 months. […] In addition to being life-threatening, GBM and its harsh treatments inflict devastation upon the brain, which controls cognition, mood, behavior, and every function of every organ and body part. […] Many patients will lose their ability to work, drive, and a host of other functions that contribute to ones sense of self and independence. […] Glioblastoma is also one of the more expensive cancers to treat, often leaving patients and families with major financial hardship on top of the burdens of the disease. […] National Brain Tumor Society spearheaded this annual event in 2019 to support survivors and their loved ones, to remember those who are no longer with us, and to honor luminaries working toward a cure and better quality of life for those living with this devastating disease.

• #3 Nursing Care of Glioblastoma | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/nursing-care-of-glioblastoma-multiforme

  Caring for a patient with glioblastoma requires a holistic approach. You need to not only be involved in the medical treatment of the tumour but also provide psychosocial care. The emotional and psychological impact of being diagnosed with glioblastoma is quite substantial, particularly as these patients are facing a terminal brain tumour. They may also be physically and socially impacted by the changes the tumour has caused to their lifestyle due to symptoms such as memory problems and personality alterations. […] It is recommended that a treatment plan be provided that caters to all aspects of the physical, medical and psychosocial impact of the glioblastoma. […] The medical treatment being provided to the patient, which may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and medication management, will also impact the individuals health more broadly. Any side effects from the medical management of a patient with glioblastoma must be swiftly dealt with. These may include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain and skin abnormalities.

• #4 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/20/5/supplement-october-2016-glioblastoma-treatment/glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies for recurrent and newly diagnosed disease. Innovative treatments, such as tumor-treating fields (TTFields) and immunotherapy, give hope for enhanced survival. […] This article reviews the background, risks, common complications, and treatment options for GBM. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed GBM requires a multidisciplinary approach. Current standard therapy includes maximal safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation with temozolomide (TMZ) (Temodar), an oral alkylating chemotherapy agent, and then adjuvant chemotherapy with TMZ.

• #5 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://store.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies for recurrent and newly diagnosed disease. Innovative treatments, such as tumor-treating fields (TTFields) and immunotherapy, give hope for enhanced survival. […] This article reviews the background, risks, common complications, and treatment options for GBM. […] Treatment of newly diagnosed GBM requires a multidisciplinary approach. Current standard therapy includes maximal safe surgical resection, followed by concurrent radiation with temozolomide (TMZ) (Temodar), an oral alkylating chemotherapy agent, and then adjuvant chemotherapy with TMZ.

• #6 Glioblastoma Multiforme – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/glioblastoma-multiforme/

  Glioblastoma (GBM), also referred to as a grade IV astrocytoma, is a fast-growing and aggressive brain tumor. It invades the nearby brain tissue, but generally does not spread to distant organs. […] GBM is a devastating brain cancer that can result in death in six months or less, if untreated; hence, it is imperative to seek expert neuro-oncological and neurosurgical care immediately, as this can impact overall survival. […] The mainstay of treatment for GBMs is surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. The primary objective of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible without injuring the surrounding normal brain tissue needed for normal neurological function. […] Surgery provides the ability to reduce the amount of solid tumor tissue within the brain, remove those cells in the center of the tumor that may be resistant to radiation and/or chemotherapy and reduce intracranial pressure.

• #7 Glioblastoma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma is a highly malignant brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, which are supportive cells in the nervous system. […] Glioblastomas are the most malignant type of astrocytoma and belong to the broader category of gliomas tumors that arise from glial cells. […] Patients with glioblastoma are usually first treated with surgery. The primary goals of surgery are the following: Collect a tissue sample for diagnosis, Remove as much of the tumor as possible, while protecting critical brain function (this is called maximal safe resection), Alleviate symptoms caused by the tumor. […] Because glioblastomas tend to spread into neighboring healthy tissue, it can be difficult to fully remove all malignant cells during surgery. This means, that for adult patients, surgery is usually followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy to target and slow the growth of remaining tumor cells.

• #8 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  While in the hospital, patients should receive postoperative imaging to verify the extent of surgical resection, preferably within 24-48 hours of surgery, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast. […] For patients older than 70 years, less aggressive therapy with radiation or temozolomide (TMZ) alone is sometimes employed, as these patients tend to be less tolerant of toxicities. […] Evidence suggests that in patients over 60 years old, treatment with TMZ is associated with longer survival than treatment with standard radiotherapy. […] Glioblastomas virtually always recur after standard therapy, with a median time to recurrence of 6.7 months following initial treatment. […] Surgical care in glioblastoma should be individually tailored, taking into consideration the indications, risk-benefit ratio, and prognostic impact for each patient.

• #9 Glioblastoma Current Standard of Care | Ivy Brain Tumor Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/the-challenge/current-standard-of-care/

  Treatment for a brain tumor depends on the type, size and location of the tumor. […] Because a treatment plan is heavily determined by the specific tumor type, surgery is commonly recommended as the first line of treatment so that a tumor type, or diagnosis, can be confirmed. If your tumor is identified as an aggressive malignant (cancerous) brain tumor such as glioblastoma, the current agreed upon standard of care typically consists of four pillars. […] Your neurosurgeon will work to remove as much of the brain tumor as possible without negatively affecting the brains neurologic functions. However, high-grade brain tumors cannot be removed entirely by surgery. […] To slow down the growth of tumor cells, surgery is typically followed by six weeks of treatment which consists of a combination of daily oral chemotherapy (temozolomide) and radiation treatments.

• #10 Glioblastoma Current Standard of Care | Ivy Brain Tumor Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/the-challenge/current-standard-of-care/

  Temozolomide (TMZ), or Temodar, is the only FDA-approved therapy with a survival benefit for adult patients with glioblastoma. […] TMZ is taken at home for 42 days, starting the night before or the same day as your brain radiation. […] Typically, standard radiation therapy is given in 30 fractions (30 days) of treatment over a period of six weeks. […] Radiation therapy uses X-rays and other sources to kill tumor cells. […] Radiation is planned on an individual basis, depending on the tumor type. […] Optune is an FDA-approved wearable and portable device for adults with glioblastoma that delivers Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). […] Unfortunately, the current standard of care for patients with aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma is not curative and most patients experience tumor progression after treatment.

• #11 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Regardless of ideal multidisciplinary treatment, including maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and maintenance temozolomide (TMZ), almost all patients experience tumor progression with nearly universal mortality and a median survival of less than 15 months. The addition of bevacizumab to standard treatment with TMZ revealed no increase in overall survival (OS) but improved progression-free survival (PFS). […] Currently, no standard of care is established for recurrent or progressive GBM. Treatment alternatives may include supportive care, reoperation, re-irradiation, systemic therapies, and combined modality therapy. […] The current standard of care for patients with nGBM is maximum safe surgical resection followed by concurrent TMZ (75 mg/m2/day for 6 weeks) and RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) and then six maintenance cycles of TMZ (150-200 mg/m2/day for the first 5 days of a 28-day cycle).

• #12 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://store.ons.org/glioblastoma-overview-disease-and-treatment

  Many patients are prescribed corticosteroids at diagnosis to help control vasogenic edema and alleviate accompanying signs and symptoms. […] Following optimal surgical resection, the patient commonly waits as many as four weeks for the craniotomy wound to heal before starting therapy. […] Palliative care should be initiated at diagnosis, with ongoing sensitive and empathetic discussions concerning goals of care and wishes throughout the continuum of care. Honest discussions about prognosis and vigilant attention to symptom management are necessary to achieve the overarching goal of maintaining the patients quality of life as long as possible.

• #13 Glioblastoma Current Standard of Care | Ivy Brain Tumor Center

  https://www.ivybraintumorcenter.org/the-challenge/current-standard-of-care/

  Temozolomide (TMZ), or Temodar, is the only FDA-approved therapy with a survival benefit for adult patients with glioblastoma. […] TMZ is taken at home for 42 days, starting the night before or the same day as your brain radiation. […] Typically, standard radiation therapy is given in 30 fractions (30 days) of treatment over a period of six weeks. […] Radiation therapy uses X-rays and other sources to kill tumor cells. […] Radiation is planned on an individual basis, depending on the tumor type. […] Optune is an FDA-approved wearable and portable device for adults with glioblastoma that delivers Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields). […] Unfortunately, the current standard of care for patients with aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma is not curative and most patients experience tumor progression after treatment.

• #14 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  MD Anderson neurosurgeons are world renowned leaders in their field, with extensive experience operating on glioblastoma tumors. […] Radiation therapy uses focused, high-energy beams to kill tumors or tumor sections that cannot be removed with surgery. […] MD Anderson offers the most advanced radiation therapy techniques in the world. […] Chemotherapy can be difficult to deliver to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier, a set of small blood vessels and brain cells that protect the brain from disease, but also act as a shield against chemotherapy drugs. […] Because glioblastoma is difficult to treat, doctors are constantly searching for new ways to fight the disease. MD Anderson has one of the most active glioblastoma clinical trials programs in the world. […] Many clinical trials are available for recurrent glioblastoma, and MD Anderson has one of the largest glioblastoma clinical trial programs in the country, including trials that offer personalized care built around the characteristics of the patients specific disease.

• #15 Nursing Care Plan For Glioma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glioma/

  The nursing care plan for glioma encompasses a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to managing individuals diagnosed with this type of brain tumor. Gliomas are a group of primary brain tumors that originate from glial cells within the brain and can present significant challenges to the patients physical and emotional well-being. The nursing care plan aims to provide optimal care, support, and symptom management for patients diagnosed with glioma, focusing on promoting quality of life and ensuring the best possible outcomes. […] As key members of the healthcare team, nurses play a critical role in guiding and coordinating the care of patients with gliomas. Their role involves providing essential education, and emotional support, and advocating for patient preferences and values throughout the journey of diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.

• #16 Nursing Care Plan For Glioma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glioma/

  The nursing assessment for glioma is essential for understanding the patients overall health status, neurological deficits, psychosocial needs, and functional abilities. Regular and comprehensive assessments help nurses tailor individualized care plans, facilitate appropriate interventions, and address the specific challenges faced by patients with glioma. […] Through ongoing assessment and communication with the healthcare team, nurses play a critical role in monitoring changes in the patients condition, optimizing symptom management, and providing compassionate care throughout the course of glioma treatment and recovery. […] These nursing diagnosis address the specific healthcare needs and challenges faced by individuals with glioma. By identifying and addressing these nursing diagnoses, nurses can tailor interventions and support strategies to promote pain relief, mobility, communication, and emotional well-being.

• #17 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with brain tumor. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals with brain tumor. […] Nursing care planning goals for a patient with a brain tumor center on relieving pain, reducing anxiety, and promoting an understanding of the signs and symptoms of increased ICP and expected changes in body appearance related to the planned cranial surgery. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with brain tumors: Assess neurological status, Manage symptoms and provide comfort, Monitor for complications and changes in condition, Provide education and support to patients and their families, Promote self-care and independence, Provide palliative care, if needed.

• #18 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with brain tumors based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will rate pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used), The parent will verbalize reduced anxiety, The child will appear relaxed, with an absence of crying or irritability, The child will not exhibit signs of increased intracranial pressure and will participate in teaching about treatment options. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with brain tumors may include: Managing Pain, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Promoting Safety and Preventing Injury Risk. […] Patients with brain tumors may experience pain due to the compression of sensitive structures, increased pressure within the skull, and the invasion of nerve pathways.

• #19 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with brain tumors based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will rate pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used), The parent will verbalize reduced anxiety, The child will appear relaxed, with an absence of crying or irritability, The child will not exhibit signs of increased intracranial pressure and will participate in teaching about treatment options. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with brain tumors may include: Managing Pain, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Promoting Safety and Preventing Injury Risk. […] Patients with brain tumors may experience pain due to the compression of sensitive structures, increased pressure within the skull, and the invasion of nerve pathways.

• #20 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with a brain tumor may experience anxiety due to uncertainty about prognosis, fear of the unknown, concerns about the tumors impact on their daily life, and changes in cognitive function or personality caused by the tumor or treatment. […] Patients with brain tumors are prone to injury due to several factors, such as impaired cognition, altered sensory perception, and motor deficits.

• #21 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with a brain tumor may experience anxiety due to uncertainty about prognosis, fear of the unknown, concerns about the tumors impact on their daily life, and changes in cognitive function or personality caused by the tumor or treatment. […] Patients with brain tumors are prone to injury due to several factors, such as impaired cognition, altered sensory perception, and motor deficits.

• #22 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with brain tumors based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will rate pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used), The parent will verbalize reduced anxiety, The child will appear relaxed, with an absence of crying or irritability, The child will not exhibit signs of increased intracranial pressure and will participate in teaching about treatment options. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with brain tumors may include: Managing Pain, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Promoting Safety and Preventing Injury Risk. […] Patients with brain tumors may experience pain due to the compression of sensitive structures, increased pressure within the skull, and the invasion of nerve pathways.

• #23 Nursing Care Plan For Glioma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glioma/

  Through evidence-based nursing interventions and compassionate care, nurses contribute significantly to the well-being and quality of life of individuals with glioma, supporting them and their families throughout the continuum of their treatment and recovery. […] These nursing interventions aim to address the specific needs of patients with glioma, supporting their physical and emotional well-being throughout the treatment process. By providing personalized care, pain management, communication assistance, and psychosocial support, nurses play a critical role in optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing their overall quality of life. […] The nursing care plan for glioma adopts a patient-centered and holistic approach to address the unique challenges faced by individuals diagnosed with this complex brain tumor. Through comprehensive assessments, evidence-based interventions, and compassionate care, nurses play a critical role in optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing their overall quality of life.

• #24 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with brain tumors based on the nurses clinical judgement and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The child will rate pain as less than (specify pain rating and scale used), The parent will verbalize reduced anxiety, The child will appear relaxed, with an absence of crying or irritability, The child will not exhibit signs of increased intracranial pressure and will participate in teaching about treatment options. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with brain tumors may include: Managing Pain, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Promoting Safety and Preventing Injury Risk. […] Patients with brain tumors may experience pain due to the compression of sensitive structures, increased pressure within the skull, and the invasion of nerve pathways.

• #25 Nursing Care Plan For Glioma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glioma/

  By providing pain management strategies, mobility support, and communication assistance, nurses address the physical impairments and functional limitations associated with glioma. […] The nursing care plan also emphasizes psychosocial support and anxiety management to address the emotional and psychosocial distress experienced by patients and their families. […] Furthermore, fall prevention measures and skin integrity management are essential components of the nursing care plan to ensure patient safety and prevent potential complications during treatment and recovery. […] By addressing the specific healthcare needs of patients with glioma and advocating for timely and appropriate interventions, nurses play a crucial role in facilitating the best possible outcomes.

• #26 A case of brain glioma progression: surgical resection and post-operation nursing care – Yang – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/7701/html

  Post-operation nursing care is very important for patients with cerebral glioma. After operation, the patient was carefully cared by nurses at our department under the instruction from Shanghai Huashan Hospital. Daily fluid input and output volume was recorded and kept steady, especially for elderly patient, in order to keep the internal environment in balance, including the electrolyte. Consciousness status should be observed, because post-operation brain edema maybe very severe and cause consciousness disorder. Hence, mannitol infusion should be delivered daily. Epilepsy was one of the most common complications, thus sodium valproate was administered for such patients. Moreover, tongue-spatula should be prepared at bedside in order to prevent tongue bite injury, and fall-down should be avoided by protective restriction. Fever was also very common generally caused by intracranial infection after operation or pneumonia, especially in elderly patient. Thus, turn-over and backslapping was necessary for patients if pneumonia happens. Nutrition deficiency was observed in this patient, and nutrition support was implemented for him by our nutrition department. Later, the patient was gradually recovered, and he could raise his right limbs and speak a little at discharge. And chemotherapy was recommended for the patient for the next period of treatment.

• #27 A case of brain glioma progression: surgical resection and post-operation nursing care – Yang – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/7701/html

  Post-operation nursing care is very important for patients with cerebral glioma. After operation, the patient was carefully cared by nurses at our department under the instruction from Shanghai Huashan Hospital. Daily fluid input and output volume was recorded and kept steady, especially for elderly patient, in order to keep the internal environment in balance, including the electrolyte. Consciousness status should be observed, because post-operation brain edema maybe very severe and cause consciousness disorder. Hence, mannitol infusion should be delivered daily. Epilepsy was one of the most common complications, thus sodium valproate was administered for such patients. Moreover, tongue-spatula should be prepared at bedside in order to prevent tongue bite injury, and fall-down should be avoided by protective restriction. Fever was also very common generally caused by intracranial infection after operation or pneumonia, especially in elderly patient. Thus, turn-over and backslapping was necessary for patients if pneumonia happens. Nutrition deficiency was observed in this patient, and nutrition support was implemented for him by our nutrition department. Later, the patient was gradually recovered, and he could raise his right limbs and speak a little at discharge. And chemotherapy was recommended for the patient for the next period of treatment.

• #28 A case of brain glioma progression: surgical resection and post-operation nursing care – Yang – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/7701/html

  Nursing care is very important for glioma patients after operation. Because the most common post-operative complications, such as brain edema, seizure attack and fever may occur. Daily fluid input and output volume should be recorded by nurses and kept in balance. Consciousness status should be observed, because post-operation brain edema maybe very severe and cause consciousness disorder or coma. Tongue-spatula should be prepared at bedside in case of tongue bite injury caused by seizure attack, and protective restrictions should be applied to avoid fall-down. In some patients, fever may happen caused by infection or pneumonia, which is very troublesome for elderly patient, thus, turn-over and backslapping were necessary. Moreover, nutrition support should be paid attention to old patients as well. We recommended further chemotherapy for the patient after discharge.

• #29 Nursing Care of Glioblastoma | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/nursing-care-of-glioblastoma-multiforme

  Caring for a patient with glioblastoma requires a holistic approach. You need to not only be involved in the medical treatment of the tumour but also provide psychosocial care. The emotional and psychological impact of being diagnosed with glioblastoma is quite substantial, particularly as these patients are facing a terminal brain tumour. They may also be physically and socially impacted by the changes the tumour has caused to their lifestyle due to symptoms such as memory problems and personality alterations. […] It is recommended that a treatment plan be provided that caters to all aspects of the physical, medical and psychosocial impact of the glioblastoma. […] The medical treatment being provided to the patient, which may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and medication management, will also impact the individuals health more broadly. Any side effects from the medical management of a patient with glioblastoma must be swiftly dealt with. These may include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain and skin abnormalities.

• #30 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  Brain edema can cause focal neurologic deficits and, by increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), produce headache, nausea, and vomiting. […] Seizures are one of the most common presenting symptoms of glioblastoma, and roughly half (40-60%) of patients with GBM experience seizures over the course of the disease. […] Approximately 20% of glioblastoma patients experience VTE in the year following surgical resection. […] To develop a coordinated treatment strategy, patients with glioblastomas should be evaluated by a team of specialists that includes a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist. […] The limited efficacy of current therapeutic options for glioblastoma (GBM) has prompted research into alternative approaches.

• #31 FF #350 Palliative Care Issues in Glioblastoma | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/palliative-care-issues-in-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. This Fast Fact addresses symptom management, prognosis, and medical decision-making in patients with GBM. […] Median age at diagnosis is 64; median survival from diagnosis is 15 months. Extended survival may be seen with favorable genetic mutations (e.g. MGMT), age < 50 years, and a fully independent postoperative functional status. [...] Tumor size, tumor location, and cancer treatment side effects are the most common determinants of how symptoms manifest. [...] Management includes physical, occupational and speech therapy, psychosocial support, and corticosteroids (e.g. dexamethasone 2-4 mg daily or twice a day). [...] Depression and anxiety are common; hence many patients with GBM are initiated on antidepressants. [...] Management options include psychotropics, assessment of decision-making capacity, and off-label use of psychostimulants for depression, apathy, or drowsiness.

• #32 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  Brain edema can cause focal neurologic deficits and, by increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), produce headache, nausea, and vomiting. […] Seizures are one of the most common presenting symptoms of glioblastoma, and roughly half (40-60%) of patients with GBM experience seizures over the course of the disease. […] Approximately 20% of glioblastoma patients experience VTE in the year following surgical resection. […] To develop a coordinated treatment strategy, patients with glioblastomas should be evaluated by a team of specialists that includes a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist. […] The limited efficacy of current therapeutic options for glioblastoma (GBM) has prompted research into alternative approaches.

• #33 FF #350 Palliative Care Issues in Glioblastoma | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/palliative-care-issues-in-glioblastoma/

  Even though seizures are a common presenting sign of GBM, prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) are not recommended. […] These symptoms can result from the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy or from a disease-related increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP). […] For newly diagnosed patients with a preserved performance status, standard treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection followed by concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and 6 weeks of radiotherapy. […] Hospice is an appropriate care plan for any patient with recurrent GBM. […] Deciding when to discontinue cancer-directed therapy can be challenging in GBM. […] Given the high risk for early cognitive changes, early advance care planning (ACP), including identification of a surrogate decision-maker, is critical with GBM. […] Disease-related behavioral and/or cognitive changes can lead to caregiver burden and make home hospice dispositions challenging.

• #34 A case of brain glioma progression: surgical resection and post-operation nursing care – Yang – Translational Cancer Research

  https://tcr.amegroups.org/article/view/7701/html

  Post-operation nursing care is very important for patients with cerebral glioma. After operation, the patient was carefully cared by nurses at our department under the instruction from Shanghai Huashan Hospital. Daily fluid input and output volume was recorded and kept steady, especially for elderly patient, in order to keep the internal environment in balance, including the electrolyte. Consciousness status should be observed, because post-operation brain edema maybe very severe and cause consciousness disorder. Hence, mannitol infusion should be delivered daily. Epilepsy was one of the most common complications, thus sodium valproate was administered for such patients. Moreover, tongue-spatula should be prepared at bedside in order to prevent tongue bite injury, and fall-down should be avoided by protective restriction. Fever was also very common generally caused by intracranial infection after operation or pneumonia, especially in elderly patient. Thus, turn-over and backslapping was necessary for patients if pneumonia happens. Nutrition deficiency was observed in this patient, and nutrition support was implemented for him by our nutrition department. Later, the patient was gradually recovered, and he could raise his right limbs and speak a little at discharge. And chemotherapy was recommended for the patient for the next period of treatment.

• #35 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  Brain edema can cause focal neurologic deficits and, by increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), produce headache, nausea, and vomiting. […] Seizures are one of the most common presenting symptoms of glioblastoma, and roughly half (40-60%) of patients with GBM experience seizures over the course of the disease. […] Approximately 20% of glioblastoma patients experience VTE in the year following surgical resection. […] To develop a coordinated treatment strategy, patients with glioblastomas should be evaluated by a team of specialists that includes a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist. […] The limited efficacy of current therapeutic options for glioblastoma (GBM) has prompted research into alternative approaches.

• #36 Let’s Talk About Glioblastoma

  https://braintumor.org/news/lets-talk-about-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma can significantly impact a patients balance, increasing their risk of falls. […] Its important for people living with GBM and their care partners to monitor and then promptly address balance issues, perhaps through assistive devices, to ensure safety and improve their quality of life. […] Fear of cancer recurrence is a common experience for people living with brain tumors, particularly for patients with glioblastoma. […] Memory problems can make routine tasks challenging. […] Cognitive rehabilitation therapy, for example, can help patients develop strategies to cope with memory deficits and improve cognitive function. […] Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom for people living with GBM. […] Currently, there is no uniform standard of care for recurrent glioblastoma, which means its up to the patient and their health care team to determine their next steps.

• #37 Let’s Talk About Glioblastoma

  https://braintumor.org/news/lets-talk-about-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma can significantly impact a patients balance, increasing their risk of falls. […] Its important for people living with GBM and their care partners to monitor and then promptly address balance issues, perhaps through assistive devices, to ensure safety and improve their quality of life. […] Fear of cancer recurrence is a common experience for people living with brain tumors, particularly for patients with glioblastoma. […] Memory problems can make routine tasks challenging. […] Cognitive rehabilitation therapy, for example, can help patients develop strategies to cope with memory deficits and improve cognitive function. […] Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom for people living with GBM. […] Currently, there is no uniform standard of care for recurrent glioblastoma, which means its up to the patient and their health care team to determine their next steps.

• #38 Let’s Talk About Glioblastoma

  https://braintumor.org/news/lets-talk-about-glioblastoma/

  Glioblastoma can significantly impact a patients balance, increasing their risk of falls. […] Its important for people living with GBM and their care partners to monitor and then promptly address balance issues, perhaps through assistive devices, to ensure safety and improve their quality of life. […] Fear of cancer recurrence is a common experience for people living with brain tumors, particularly for patients with glioblastoma. […] Memory problems can make routine tasks challenging. […] Cognitive rehabilitation therapy, for example, can help patients develop strategies to cope with memory deficits and improve cognitive function. […] Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom for people living with GBM. […] Currently, there is no uniform standard of care for recurrent glioblastoma, which means its up to the patient and their health care team to determine their next steps.

• #39 Glioblastoma (GBM): What It Is, Symptoms & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17032-glioblastoma

  Glioblastoma, formerly known as glioblastoma multiforme, is a devastating type of cancer that can result in death in fewer than six months without treatment. […] Glioblastoma and its treatments may affect brain function. You could experience mood changes and memory problems. Most people with GBM eventually have to stop working and driving. You may need full-time care. These changes could lead to anxiety disorders or depression. […] Treatment may include tumor removal surgery (craniotomy), radiation and chemotherapy. If surgery isn’t a safe option, your care team may suggest radiation and chemotherapy to try to manage the tumor. […] There isn’t a cure for glioblastoma. […] Finding out you have glioblastoma (GBM) can be difficult. The tumor grows quickly and treatment is challenging. Researchers continue to look for new ways to treat GBM. For now, treatments can minimize symptoms and improve your quality of life. Your provider can guide you through the next steps and help you find the care and support you need. […] At Cleveland Clinic, we know what it takes to treat glioma and glioblastoma and give you the support you need.

• #40 Glioblastoma Multiforme | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/g/glioblastoma-multiforme.html

  Taking out even part of the tumor can help relieve pressure in the brain. […] You’ll need regular follow-up to see how you are responding to treatment and to watch for signs that the GBM has come back (recurred). […] If untreated, GBM can quickly grow and spread through the brain. This can lead to ongoing functional loss and increasing intracranial pressure. […] Talk with your treatment team about risks linked to your treatment so you know what you might expect and watch for. […] Many people feel worried, depressed, and stressed when dealing with cancer. Getting treatment for cancer can be hard on the mind and body. […] Depression is common with GBM. Don’t hesitate to ask for a referral to a psychiatrist or mental health counselor for yourself and family members.

• #41 Glioblastoma (GBM) – American Brain Tumor Association | Learn More

  https://www.abta.org/tumor_types/glioblastoma-gbm/

  Recurrent GBM is treated based on the patients response to initial treatments and assessment of disease progression. […] Some patients may also be eligible for clinical trials. […] Support groups can improve your emotional well-being and quality of life. […] Our Mentor Program offers patients and caregivers the opportunity to connect with someone who has gone through a similar brain tumor diagnosis, treatment, and care. […] Being diagnosed with a brain tumor takes a toll physically, emotionally, and financially. […] The free educational webinar series is an excellent resource for brain tumor patients and caregivers to learn more about brain tumor types, treatments, well-being topics, and research updates from nationally recognized experts. […] The ABTA Treatment Center Guide provides detailed information about a variety of treatment centers, including the number of patients treated annually, technologies and specialized procedures offered.

• #42 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/20/5/supplement-october-2016-glioblastoma-treatment/glioblastoma

  Even with advances in surgical resection, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of 15 months. […] Palliative care should be initiated at diagnosis, with ongoing sensitive and empathetic discussions concerning goals of care and wishes throughout the continuum of care. Honest discussions about prognosis and vigilant attention to symptom management are necessary to achieve the overarching goal of maintaining the patients quality of life as long as possible.

• #43 Current Standards of Care in Glioblastoma Therapy – Glioblastoma – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK469987/

  The addition of TMZ to HFRT would translate into a survival benefit and was associated with a longer median OS (9.3 vs. 7.6 months; P=0.001) and PFS. […] The patient with GBM is, simultaneously, a patient with cancer and one with a progressive neurological disease. As such, there are certain specificities regarding not only the most frequent symptoms exhibited but also some end-of-life (EOL) care issues. […] Palliative care should aim at improving QoL, both for the patient and the caregiver, and is not limited to the EOL stage. […] As a disease with such a poor prognosis, treatment of GBM should go beyond improving survival and aim at preserving and even improving the quality of life of both the patient and the caregiver.

• #44 Glioblastoma End-of-Life Care | Treatment for Glioblastoma | Hospice of the Piedmont

  https://hopva.org/glioblastoma-and-hospice-care/

  Increasingly, people are choosing hospice care at the end of life. Hospice can be provided in any settinghome, nursing home, assisted living facility, or inpatient hospital. At some point, certain conditions or serious illnesses, such as Glioblastoma, may not be possible to cure. Hospice is designed for this situation. […] Glioblastoma is a common reason for patients to seek out hospice care, with a large number of patients affected by this condition opting for hospice services before the end of their life. […] In Glioblastoma, palliative care services are an essential part of treatment that addresses the needs of patients who are facing this aggressive brain cancer. This care goes beyond traditional methods of treating the tumor itself, focusing instead on managing symptoms and enhancing the patients quality of life. The goal of utilizing palliative care for Glioblastoma is not only to alleviate discomfort but also to provide emotional support to patients and their families, helping them navigate the challenges of this disease.

• #45 Assisted Care Options – Learn More About Brain Tumors | ABTA

  https://www.abta.org/about-brain-tumors/treatments-side-effects/assisted-care-options/

  You do not have to stop other treatments in order to qualify for palliative care: it is appropriate at any stage of your brain tumor journey and can be provided along with treatments that are meant to cure. […] The palliative care team typically made up of a doctor, nurse, social worker and spiritual counselor will develop a specific palliative care plan for you, based on your conditions and personal preferences. Other physicians or nurses on your healthcare team may have additional certifications in palliative care.

• #46 Advance Care Planning in Glioblastoma Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5126762/

  As mentioned, early implementation of ACP may be particularly warranted for glioblastoma patients, because these patients have an incurable disease and most of them will at some point no longer be able to participate in ACP discussions due to the rapid cognitive decline that may occur as the disease progresses. […] The high symptom burden in glioblastoma patients necessitates appropriate palliative care in the EOL phase. […] ACP could facilitate timely and adequate amelioration of symptoms in the EOL phase by discussing possible options in different medical situations. […] Timely initiation of ACP is eminently important for glioblastoma patients, because these patients not only have an incurable disease, but also experience progressive cognitive impairments over time, interfering with their ability to make clinical decisions.

• #47 Advance Care Planning in Glioblastoma Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5126762/

  Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, glioblastoma is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis. […] It is therefore warranted to involve glioblastoma patients early in the disease trajectory in treatment decision-making, which can be achieved with Advance Care Planning (ACP). […] The fact that glioblastoma patients have a progressive brain disease may seriously interfere with their ability to make their own decisions regarding treatment. […] It is therefore warranted to involve glioblastoma patients early in the disease trajectory in treatment decision-making, which can be achieved with Advance Care Planning (ACP). […] Although little is known about the effect of ACP in glioblastoma patients, Walbert et al. suggested that early palliative care planning through structured ACP could improve symptom control and quality of life in glioblastoma patients.

• #48 FF #350 Palliative Care Issues in Glioblastoma | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/palliative-care-issues-in-glioblastoma/

  Even though seizures are a common presenting sign of GBM, prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) are not recommended. […] These symptoms can result from the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy or from a disease-related increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP). […] For newly diagnosed patients with a preserved performance status, standard treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection followed by concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and 6 weeks of radiotherapy. […] Hospice is an appropriate care plan for any patient with recurrent GBM. […] Deciding when to discontinue cancer-directed therapy can be challenging in GBM. […] Given the high risk for early cognitive changes, early advance care planning (ACP), including identification of a surrogate decision-maker, is critical with GBM. […] Disease-related behavioral and/or cognitive changes can lead to caregiver burden and make home hospice dispositions challenging.

• #49 Glioblastoma end of life: Care and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-of-approaching-death-from-glioblastoma

  In the final stages of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), end-of-life signs may become more apparent. These can include decreased appetite, social withdrawal, changes in behavior, and increased fatigue. […] It can be incredibly challenging to face a terminal illness such as glioblastoma. However, identifying signs that a person is approaching end of life can help the individual and their loved ones prepare accordingly. […] The end of life is a difficult time for everyone, and a person may need additional support. […] It is important to remember that each situation is unique, and the persons doctor can provide more information about end-of-life care. […] Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that is difficult to treat. As a result, those with the condition typically have a poor outlook. End of life with glioblastoma is a difficult experience for those affected and their loved ones. It is important to provide emotional support and comfort to the dying person during this time.

• #50 Glioblastoma end of life: Care and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-of-approaching-death-from-glioblastoma

  Common signs that a person is nearing end of life include changes in breathing patterns, behavior, personality, responsiveness, and alertness. […] Caregivers of those affected by glioblastoma should consider taking time for self-care and seeking support from family, friends, healthcare professionals, or counselors. In addition, there are various resources available to help people cope with loss.

• #51 Glioblastoma End of Life | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/end-of-life

  Glioblastoma, historically called glioblastoma multiforme, is one of the most aggressive types of brain tumors. Patients are often given very poor prognoses and consider proper glioblastoma end-of-life care to manage their conditions in their final stages. […] Patients with glioblastoma will likely experience many different symptoms and emotions as they near the end of life from glioblastoma. However, there are ways to make the process much less painful. […] In most cases, the process leading to death is not sudden for patients with glioblastoma. Growth of the tumor and swelling can disturb areas of the brain, manifesting as several clinical symptoms such as weakness, a decrease in consciousness, difficulty swallowing, seizures, and headache. […] The following are some commonly reported end-of-life glioblastoma symptoms:

• #52 Glioblastoma End-of-Life Care | Treatment for Glioblastoma | Hospice of the Piedmont

  https://hopva.org/glioblastoma-and-hospice-care/

  Increasingly, people are choosing hospice care at the end of life. Hospice can be provided in any settinghome, nursing home, assisted living facility, or inpatient hospital. At some point, certain conditions or serious illnesses, such as Glioblastoma, may not be possible to cure. Hospice is designed for this situation. […] Glioblastoma is a common reason for patients to seek out hospice care, with a large number of patients affected by this condition opting for hospice services before the end of their life. […] In Glioblastoma, palliative care services are an essential part of treatment that addresses the needs of patients who are facing this aggressive brain cancer. This care goes beyond traditional methods of treating the tumor itself, focusing instead on managing symptoms and enhancing the patients quality of life. The goal of utilizing palliative care for Glioblastoma is not only to alleviate discomfort but also to provide emotional support to patients and their families, helping them navigate the challenges of this disease.

• #53 Glioblastoma End-of-Life Care | Treatment for Glioblastoma | Hospice of the Piedmont

  https://hopva.org/glioblastoma-and-hospice-care/

  Increasingly, people are choosing hospice care at the end of life. Hospice can be provided in any settinghome, nursing home, assisted living facility, or inpatient hospital. At some point, certain conditions or serious illnesses, such as Glioblastoma, may not be possible to cure. Hospice is designed for this situation. […] Glioblastoma is a common reason for patients to seek out hospice care, with a large number of patients affected by this condition opting for hospice services before the end of their life. […] In Glioblastoma, palliative care services are an essential part of treatment that addresses the needs of patients who are facing this aggressive brain cancer. This care goes beyond traditional methods of treating the tumor itself, focusing instead on managing symptoms and enhancing the patients quality of life. The goal of utilizing palliative care for Glioblastoma is not only to alleviate discomfort but also to provide emotional support to patients and their families, helping them navigate the challenges of this disease.

• #54 Glioblastoma End-of-Life Care | Treatment for Glioblastoma | Hospice of the Piedmont

  https://hopva.org/glioblastoma-and-hospice-care/

  If you or a loved one are looking for hospice care for Glioblastoma, Hospice of the Piedmont can help. Our team utilizes palliative care for Glioblastoma with the goal of providing medical care and relief from the stress and symptoms of a serious illness while also tending to a patients and family members physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.

• #55 Glioblastoma end of life: Care and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-of-approaching-death-from-glioblastoma

  Common signs that a person is nearing end of life include changes in breathing patterns, behavior, personality, responsiveness, and alertness. […] Caregivers of those affected by glioblastoma should consider taking time for self-care and seeking support from family, friends, healthcare professionals, or counselors. In addition, there are various resources available to help people cope with loss.

• #56 Glioblastoma End of Life | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/end-of-life

  Death is often a difficult process for patients with glioblastoma and their caregivers. However, there are ways to lighten the emotional and physical burden of a loved ones passing for both parties. One of the most important things caregivers can do is remain understanding and supportive. […] To ease pain and discomfort, caregivers may provide the patient with pain medication according to the instructions of their healthcare team. They can also help keep their environment home-like and peaceful. […] It is important that family and friends do not feel afraid of death, and instead, be prepared for it. They should also try to spend as much time with the patient as they can in their final days. […] Though death itself comes quickly, its important to understand that death from glioblastoma often results from a gradual process of physical decline. Empathy and compassion during this time can help make death less painful for patients and their loved ones alike. […] While there is no easy way to deal with death, there are things that can be done to make the process easier for both patient and caregiver.

• #57 Glioblastoma End of Life | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/end-of-life

  Death is often a difficult process for patients with glioblastoma and their caregivers. However, there are ways to lighten the emotional and physical burden of a loved ones passing for both parties. One of the most important things caregivers can do is remain understanding and supportive. […] To ease pain and discomfort, caregivers may provide the patient with pain medication according to the instructions of their healthcare team. They can also help keep their environment home-like and peaceful. […] It is important that family and friends do not feel afraid of death, and instead, be prepared for it. They should also try to spend as much time with the patient as they can in their final days. […] Though death itself comes quickly, its important to understand that death from glioblastoma often results from a gradual process of physical decline. Empathy and compassion during this time can help make death less painful for patients and their loved ones alike. […] While there is no easy way to deal with death, there are things that can be done to make the process easier for both patient and caregiver.

• #58 Nursing Care of Glioblastoma | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/nursing-care-of-glioblastoma-multiforme

  Caring for a patient with glioblastoma requires a holistic approach. You need to not only be involved in the medical treatment of the tumour but also provide psychosocial care. The emotional and psychological impact of being diagnosed with glioblastoma is quite substantial, particularly as these patients are facing a terminal brain tumour. They may also be physically and socially impacted by the changes the tumour has caused to their lifestyle due to symptoms such as memory problems and personality alterations. […] It is recommended that a treatment plan be provided that caters to all aspects of the physical, medical and psychosocial impact of the glioblastoma. […] The medical treatment being provided to the patient, which may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and medication management, will also impact the individuals health more broadly. Any side effects from the medical management of a patient with glioblastoma must be swiftly dealt with. These may include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain and skin abnormalities.

• #59 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  The treatment of glioblastomas remains difficult in that no contemporary treatments are curative. […] Treatment should be tailored to each patient based on age, functional status, and goals of care. […] Palliative care should be integrated early in the clinical course, and supportive care may be the best option for some patients (eg, those with large or multifocal lesions who have a low Karnofsky Performance Scale score). […] Upon initial diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM), standard treatment consists of maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy, and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. […] Patients with glioblastomas who undergo surgical resection typically spend the night after surgery in an intensive care unit, followed by an inpatient stay. […] Many patients benefit from occupational therapy and physical therapy or rehabilitation.

• #60 Get Glioma and Glioblastoma Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/gliomas-glioblastomas-treatment

  During and after treatment, you’ll keep seeing your providers for exams and imaging scans to see if the cancer returns. Sometimes the treatments to destroy the cancer cells can also damage healthy brain tissue, so you might need to see our physical and occupational therapists. They can help you with walking, speaking, remembering things and other treatment side effects. […] At Cleveland Clinic, your cancer survivorship reaches beyond the physical and includes your mental and emotional health, too. We’re here to help you get counseling, find support groups and learn ways to eat better and exercise more. […] It’s important to remember that you’re not alone. We’re here to support you every step of the way with personalized treatment that focuses on your physical and emotional needs. We want to relieve your symptoms and ease your fears so you can put your energy toward recovery.

• #61 Glioblastoma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/glioblastoma-grade-iv

  Glioblastoma is a highly malignant brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, which are supportive cells in the nervous system. […] Glioblastomas are the most malignant type of astrocytoma and belong to the broader category of gliomas tumors that arise from glial cells. […] Patients with glioblastoma are usually first treated with surgery. The primary goals of surgery are the following: Collect a tissue sample for diagnosis, Remove as much of the tumor as possible, while protecting critical brain function (this is called maximal safe resection), Alleviate symptoms caused by the tumor. […] Neurocognitive rehabilitation is also available through our Neurocognitive Care Services. Our multi-disciplinary team will assess each patient’s needs, and devise an individualized plan to improve language, motor, or cognitive impairments caused by the brain tumor.

• #62 Glioblastoma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/glioblastoma-grade-iv

  Glioblastoma is a serious condition that will be treated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of neurosurgeons, oncologists, and radiation oncologists. […] The primary goal of treatment is to not only prolong survival for patients, but also to increase a patients quality of life, by addressing neurological symptoms and preserving cognitive function.

• #63 Get Glioma and Glioblastoma Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/gliomas-glioblastomas-treatment

  At Cleveland Clinic, we’re here to help you find the answers you need. Our expert and compassionate healthcare providers know what it takes to treat gliomas and glioblastomas to slow tumor growth for better outcomes. And we’ll help you (and your family) cope with this challenging diagnosis. […] Throughout your diagnosis, treatment and recovery, our social workers can guide you through unexpected challenges and connect you with useful resources. And we offer palliative care to help with lingering pain and other uncomfortable symptoms. […] Once we know what kind of tumor you have and understand how fast it’s growing, we can start putting together your personalized treatment plan. We don’t have a single type of glioma and glioblastoma treatment because no two tumors are alike. Instead, we look at all your test results and decide what we think will work best to ease your pain and slow the tumors growth.

• #64 Glioblastoma (GBM) – American Brain Tumor Association | Learn More

  https://www.abta.org/tumor_types/glioblastoma-gbm/

  Recurrent GBM is treated based on the patients response to initial treatments and assessment of disease progression. […] Some patients may also be eligible for clinical trials. […] Support groups can improve your emotional well-being and quality of life. […] Our Mentor Program offers patients and caregivers the opportunity to connect with someone who has gone through a similar brain tumor diagnosis, treatment, and care. […] Being diagnosed with a brain tumor takes a toll physically, emotionally, and financially. […] The free educational webinar series is an excellent resource for brain tumor patients and caregivers to learn more about brain tumor types, treatments, well-being topics, and research updates from nationally recognized experts. […] The ABTA Treatment Center Guide provides detailed information about a variety of treatment centers, including the number of patients treated annually, technologies and specialized procedures offered.

• #65 Glioblastoma (GBM) – American Brain Tumor Association | Learn More

  https://www.abta.org/tumor_types/glioblastoma-gbm/

  Recurrent GBM is treated based on the patients response to initial treatments and assessment of disease progression. […] Some patients may also be eligible for clinical trials. […] Support groups can improve your emotional well-being and quality of life. […] Our Mentor Program offers patients and caregivers the opportunity to connect with someone who has gone through a similar brain tumor diagnosis, treatment, and care. […] Being diagnosed with a brain tumor takes a toll physically, emotionally, and financially. […] The free educational webinar series is an excellent resource for brain tumor patients and caregivers to learn more about brain tumor types, treatments, well-being topics, and research updates from nationally recognized experts. […] The ABTA Treatment Center Guide provides detailed information about a variety of treatment centers, including the number of patients treated annually, technologies and specialized procedures offered.

• #66 Glioblastoma (GBM) – American Brain Tumor Association | Learn More

  https://www.abta.org/tumor_types/glioblastoma-gbm/

  Recurrent GBM is treated based on the patients response to initial treatments and assessment of disease progression. […] Some patients may also be eligible for clinical trials. […] Support groups can improve your emotional well-being and quality of life. […] Our Mentor Program offers patients and caregivers the opportunity to connect with someone who has gone through a similar brain tumor diagnosis, treatment, and care. […] Being diagnosed with a brain tumor takes a toll physically, emotionally, and financially. […] The free educational webinar series is an excellent resource for brain tumor patients and caregivers to learn more about brain tumor types, treatments, well-being topics, and research updates from nationally recognized experts. […] The ABTA Treatment Center Guide provides detailed information about a variety of treatment centers, including the number of patients treated annually, technologies and specialized procedures offered.

• #67 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  MD Anderson neurosurgeons are world renowned leaders in their field, with extensive experience operating on glioblastoma tumors. […] Radiation therapy uses focused, high-energy beams to kill tumors or tumor sections that cannot be removed with surgery. […] MD Anderson offers the most advanced radiation therapy techniques in the world. […] Chemotherapy can be difficult to deliver to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier, a set of small blood vessels and brain cells that protect the brain from disease, but also act as a shield against chemotherapy drugs. […] Because glioblastoma is difficult to treat, doctors are constantly searching for new ways to fight the disease. MD Anderson has one of the most active glioblastoma clinical trials programs in the world. […] Many clinical trials are available for recurrent glioblastoma, and MD Anderson has one of the largest glioblastoma clinical trial programs in the country, including trials that offer personalized care built around the characteristics of the patients specific disease.

• #68 What is Glioblastoma? Symptoms, Risk Factors & Treatments | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/glioblastoma.html

  MD Anderson neurosurgeons are world renowned leaders in their field, with extensive experience operating on glioblastoma tumors. […] Radiation therapy uses focused, high-energy beams to kill tumors or tumor sections that cannot be removed with surgery. […] MD Anderson offers the most advanced radiation therapy techniques in the world. […] Chemotherapy can be difficult to deliver to the brain because of the blood-brain barrier, a set of small blood vessels and brain cells that protect the brain from disease, but also act as a shield against chemotherapy drugs. […] Because glioblastoma is difficult to treat, doctors are constantly searching for new ways to fight the disease. MD Anderson has one of the most active glioblastoma clinical trials programs in the world. […] Many clinical trials are available for recurrent glioblastoma, and MD Anderson has one of the largest glioblastoma clinical trial programs in the country, including trials that offer personalized care built around the characteristics of the patients specific disease.

• #69 Nursing Care of Glioblastoma | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/nursing-care-of-glioblastoma-multiforme

  Caring for a patient with glioblastoma requires a holistic approach. You need to not only be involved in the medical treatment of the tumour but also provide psychosocial care. The emotional and psychological impact of being diagnosed with glioblastoma is quite substantial, particularly as these patients are facing a terminal brain tumour. They may also be physically and socially impacted by the changes the tumour has caused to their lifestyle due to symptoms such as memory problems and personality alterations. […] It is recommended that a treatment plan be provided that caters to all aspects of the physical, medical and psychosocial impact of the glioblastoma. […] The medical treatment being provided to the patient, which may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and medication management, will also impact the individuals health more broadly. Any side effects from the medical management of a patient with glioblastoma must be swiftly dealt with. These may include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain and skin abnormalities.

• #70 Glioblastoma: Overview of Disease and Treatment | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/20/5/supplement-october-2016-glioblastoma-treatment/glioblastoma

  Even with advances in surgical resection, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of 15 months. […] Palliative care should be initiated at diagnosis, with ongoing sensitive and empathetic discussions concerning goals of care and wishes throughout the continuum of care. Honest discussions about prognosis and vigilant attention to symptom management are necessary to achieve the overarching goal of maintaining the patients quality of life as long as possible.

• #71 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  While in the hospital, patients should receive postoperative imaging to verify the extent of surgical resection, preferably within 24-48 hours of surgery, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast. […] For patients older than 70 years, less aggressive therapy with radiation or temozolomide (TMZ) alone is sometimes employed, as these patients tend to be less tolerant of toxicities. […] Evidence suggests that in patients over 60 years old, treatment with TMZ is associated with longer survival than treatment with standard radiotherapy. […] Glioblastomas virtually always recur after standard therapy, with a median time to recurrence of 6.7 months following initial treatment. […] Surgical care in glioblastoma should be individually tailored, taking into consideration the indications, risk-benefit ratio, and prognostic impact for each patient.

• #72 Nursing Care of Glioblastoma | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/nursing-care-of-glioblastoma-multiforme

  The patients family should also be involved in their treatment and, as a nurse, you will need to ensure that family members psychological health is maintained. This can become very difficult, especially as the tumour advances. Patients will quickly move from a fit and healthy lifestyle to one ravished by the diagnosis of a terminal brain tumour, to a discussion about palliative care. […] As a nurse, you will play a pivotal role in the provision of both physical and psychosocial care throughout this period.

• #73 FF #350 Palliative Care Issues in Glioblastoma | Palliative Care Network of Wisconsin

  https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/palliative-care-issues-in-glioblastoma/

  Even though seizures are a common presenting sign of GBM, prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) are not recommended. […] These symptoms can result from the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy or from a disease-related increase in the intracranial pressure (ICP). […] For newly diagnosed patients with a preserved performance status, standard treatment involves maximal safe surgical resection followed by concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and 6 weeks of radiotherapy. […] Hospice is an appropriate care plan for any patient with recurrent GBM. […] Deciding when to discontinue cancer-directed therapy can be challenging in GBM. […] Given the high risk for early cognitive changes, early advance care planning (ACP), including identification of a surrogate decision-maker, is critical with GBM. […] Disease-related behavioral and/or cognitive changes can lead to caregiver burden and make home hospice dispositions challenging.

• #74 Glioblastoma End of Life | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/glioma/survival/end-of-life

  Death is often a difficult process for patients with glioblastoma and their caregivers. However, there are ways to lighten the emotional and physical burden of a loved ones passing for both parties. One of the most important things caregivers can do is remain understanding and supportive. […] To ease pain and discomfort, caregivers may provide the patient with pain medication according to the instructions of their healthcare team. They can also help keep their environment home-like and peaceful. […] It is important that family and friends do not feel afraid of death, and instead, be prepared for it. They should also try to spend as much time with the patient as they can in their final days. […] Though death itself comes quickly, its important to understand that death from glioblastoma often results from a gradual process of physical decline. Empathy and compassion during this time can help make death less painful for patients and their loved ones alike. […] While there is no easy way to deal with death, there are things that can be done to make the process easier for both patient and caregiver.

• #75 Glioblastoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283252-treatment

  Brain edema can cause focal neurologic deficits and, by increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), produce headache, nausea, and vomiting. […] Seizures are one of the most common presenting symptoms of glioblastoma, and roughly half (40-60%) of patients with GBM experience seizures over the course of the disease. […] Approximately 20% of glioblastoma patients experience VTE in the year following surgical resection. […] To develop a coordinated treatment strategy, patients with glioblastomas should be evaluated by a team of specialists that includes a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neurooncologist, and radiation oncologist. […] The limited efficacy of current therapeutic options for glioblastoma (GBM) has prompted research into alternative approaches.

• #76 Glioblastoma | UCSF Brain Tumor Center

  https://braintumorcenter.ucsf.edu/condition/glioblastoma-grade-iv

  Glioblastoma is a serious condition that will be treated by a multidisciplinary team consisting of neurosurgeons, oncologists, and radiation oncologists. […] The primary goal of treatment is to not only prolong survival for patients, but also to increase a patients quality of life, by addressing neurological symptoms and preserving cognitive function.

• #77 Childhood Glioblastoma Multiforme | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-glioblastoma-multiforme

  The prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme is poor, but survival rates may increase when surgery can remove most of the tumor. Your childs doctor will discuss treatment options with you, including clinical trials and supportive care. […] Our glioma treatment team includes specialists with extensive experience treating children with glioblastoma multiforme.

• #78 Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Cancers | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/brain-tumor

  Whether you are recently diagnosed with a glioblastoma or another primary brain tumor or are seeking a second opinion, the experts at the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center are ready to help you fight it. […] We take an aggressive, team approach to your care. Our goal is to detect and treat brain tumors and ultimately to pursue long-term survival for our patients. […] We care about your overall health and quality of life while undergoing treatment for a brain tumor. Our team helps manage medications, control seizures, evaluate and manage mood-related issues, and address side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] A dedicated nurse coordinator will be your main contact throughout your treatment and recovery. They can address any questions or concerns about your initial evaluation, surgical procedures, financial obligations, emotional needs, and dietary requirements. […] Our comprehensive cancer support services range from helping you minimize the side effects of treatment to coping with the emotional and psychological effects of diagnosis and treatment.

• #79 Glioblastoma brain tumours | The Brain Tumour Charity

  https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/brain-tumour-diagnosis-treatment/types-of-brain-tumour-adult/glioblastoma/

  Glioblastomas are grade 4 brain tumours. Grade 4 is based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) grading system. […] The treatment for glioblastoma depends on the person, where the tumour is sitting in the brain, and other specific things. But, these are common treatments: surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. […] Generally, if you’re well enough, you’ll have neurosurgery to take out as much of the tumour as possible. […] A major phase III clinical trial has found that novel treatment DCVax-L can prolong the lives of people diagnosed with a new or recurrent glioblastoma. […] If you need someone to talk to or advice on where to get help, our Support and Information team is available by phone, email or live-chat.

• #80 3 Brain Tumor Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/brain-tumor-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to provide care for patients with brain tumor. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals with brain tumor. […] Nursing care planning goals for a patient with a brain tumor center on relieving pain, reducing anxiety, and promoting an understanding of the signs and symptoms of increased ICP and expected changes in body appearance related to the planned cranial surgery. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with brain tumors: Assess neurological status, Manage symptoms and provide comfort, Monitor for complications and changes in condition, Provide education and support to patients and their families, Promote self-care and independence, Provide palliative care, if needed.

• #81 Nursing Care Plan For Glioma – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-glioma/

  Through evidence-based nursing interventions and compassionate care, nurses contribute significantly to the well-being and quality of life of individuals with glioma, supporting them and their families throughout the continuum of their treatment and recovery. […] These nursing interventions aim to address the specific needs of patients with glioma, supporting their physical and emotional well-being throughout the treatment process. By providing personalized care, pain management, communication assistance, and psychosocial support, nurses play a critical role in optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing their overall quality of life. […] The nursing care plan for glioma adopts a patient-centered and holistic approach to address the unique challenges faced by individuals diagnosed with this complex brain tumor. Through comprehensive assessments, evidence-based interventions, and compassionate care, nurses play a critical role in optimizing patient outcomes and enhancing their overall quality of life.

• #82 Nursing Care of Glioblastoma | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/nursing-care-of-glioblastoma-multiforme

  The patients family should also be involved in their treatment and, as a nurse, you will need to ensure that family members psychological health is maintained. This can become very difficult, especially as the tumour advances. Patients will quickly move from a fit and healthy lifestyle to one ravished by the diagnosis of a terminal brain tumour, to a discussion about palliative care. […] As a nurse, you will play a pivotal role in the provision of both physical and psychosocial care throughout this period.

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