Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #2 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17653-dysarthria

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder where damage to your nervous system causes the muscles that produce speech to become paralyzed or weakened. Dysarthria (pronounced dis-AR-three-uh) is a motor speech disorder that makes it difficult to form and pronounce words. Dysarthria makes it challenging to speak so that others can understand you. Dysarthria can be developmental or acquired: […] Acquired dysarthria happens as a result of brain damage later in life. For example, a stroke, a brain tumor or Parkinsons disease can lead to dysarthria. […] The main sign of dysarthria is that you have trouble speaking so that others understand you. You may have difficulty moving your lips, tongue or jaw in ways that produce clear speech. Dysarthria occurs when theres damage to the parts of your nervous system that control the muscles that help you speak.

• #3 Difficulty speaking (dysarthria) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/difficulty-speaking-dysarthria

  Dysarthria means difficulty speaking. […] Dysarthria can develop if either of these is damaged in some way. […] Dysarthria can either be: developmental when it occurs as a result of brain damage before or during birth, such as in cerebral palsy […] acquired when it occurs as the result of brain changes later in life, such as damage caused by a stroke, head injury or brain tumour, or a progressive condition such as Parkinson’s disease or motor neurone disease. […] Whether dysarthria will improve with speech and language therapy depends on the cause and the extent of the brain damage or dysfunction. […] An SLT can carry out an assessment to work out the extent of the speech problem. […] There’s no guarantee that therapy can improve the speech of everyone with dysarthria.

• #4 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17653-dysarthria

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder where damage to your nervous system causes the muscles that produce speech to become paralyzed or weakened. Dysarthria (pronounced dis-AR-three-uh) is a motor speech disorder that makes it difficult to form and pronounce words. Dysarthria makes it challenging to speak so that others can understand you. Dysarthria can be developmental or acquired: […] Acquired dysarthria happens as a result of brain damage later in life. For example, a stroke, a brain tumor or Parkinsons disease can lead to dysarthria. […] The main sign of dysarthria is that you have trouble speaking so that others understand you. You may have difficulty moving your lips, tongue or jaw in ways that produce clear speech. Dysarthria occurs when theres damage to the parts of your nervous system that control the muscles that help you speak.

• #5 Dysarthria – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysarthria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371994

  Dysarthria happens when the muscles used for speech are weak or are hard to control. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] Dysarthria can be a sign of a serious condition. See a healthcare professional right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak. […] Dysarthria can be caused by conditions that make it hard to move the muscles in the mouth, face or upper respiratory system. These muscles control speech. […] Some medicines also can cause dysarthria. These may include certain sedatives and seizure medicines. […] Dysarthria risk factors include having a neurological condition that affects the muscles that control speech. […] Complications of dysarthria may come from having trouble with communication.

• #6 Diagnosing Dysarthria in Adults. A New Speech Assessment Method for Polish, English, and Spanish

  https://aeacademicpublishing.com/flipbooks/BL3_Diagnosing-Dysarthria/

  Diagnosing Dysarthria in Adults. A New Speech Assessment Method for Polish, English, and Spanish Title of the Series: Beyond Language, Vol. 3 Text 2020 Izabela Gatkowska […] Dysarthria is defined as a disorder of speech production resulting from organic causes. Speech planning, i.e. selecting words or constructing sentences, is therefore not affected in dysarthria; nor are language comprehension, vocabulary resources, or the functioning of the semantic memory (unless dysarthria is accompanied by other disorders, such as aphasia or dementia, which can cause additional problems with comprehension, attention, speech planning, and production). […] Dysarthria is a syndrome involving bulbarphonationarticulatory disorders caused by lesions in the motor system or pathways innervating the speech apparatus, with the speech planning component remaining intact (Darley, Aronson, Brown 1969). Other definitions of dysarthria characterize it as a speech articulatory disorder resulting from impairment in the neurological mechanisms of voice production, modulation, intensity, and resonance (Johns 1985).

• #7 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #8 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #9 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #10 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #11 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #12 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #13 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #14 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #15 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Dysarthria refers to a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movements required for breathing, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory, or prosodic aspects of speech production (Duffy, 2020, p. 3). […] The predominant framework for differentially diagnosing dysarthria is based on a perceptual method of classification (Darley et al., 1969a, 1969b, 1975). This method primarily relies on the auditory perceptual attributes of speech that point to the underlying pathophysiology. […] The primary types of dysarthria identified by perceptual attributes and the associated localization of pathophysiology (Duffy, 2020) are as follows: Flaccid associated with disorders affecting the lower motor neuron pathways and motor units; Spastic associated with bilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Ataxic associated with disorders of the cerebellar control circuit; Hypokinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Hyperkinetic associated with disorders of the basal ganglia control circuit; Unilateral upper motor neuron associated with unilateral disorders of the upper motor neuron system; Mixed various combinations of dysarthria types (e.g., spasticataxic, flaccidspastic); Undetermined Perceptual features are consistent with a dysarthria but do not clearly fit into any of the identified dysarthria types.

• #16 Disorders of communication: dysarthria – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312647/

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder which can be classified according to the underlying neuropathology and is associated with disturbances of respiration, laryngeal function, airflow direction, and articulation resulting in difficulties of speech quality and intelligibility. […] The features of the speech disturbance of these six major types of dysarthria are distinctive and can assist with diagnosis. […] Dysarthria is a frequent symptom of many neurological conditions and is commonly associated with progressive neurological disease. […] Speech and language therapy can be used to encourage the person to use the speech that is already available to them more effectively, can increase the range and consistency of sound production, can teach strategies for improving intelligibility and communicative effectiveness, can guide the individual to use methods that are less tiring and more successful, and can introduce the appropriate Augmentative and Alternative Communication approaches as and when required.

• #17 Dysarthria – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysarthria

  Dysarthrias are classified in multiple ways based on the presentation of symptoms. […] The majority of people with dysarthria are diagnosed as having 'mixed’ dysarthria, as neural damage resulting in dysarthria is rarely contained to one part of the nervous system. […] Dysarthria may affect a single system; however, it is more commonly reflected in multiple motorspeech systems. […] Severity ranges from occasional articulation difficulties to verbal speech that is completely unintelligible. […] Common clinical features of ataxic dysarthria include abnormalities in speech modulation, rate of speech, explosive or scanning speech, slurred speech, irregular stress patterns, and vocalic and consonantal misarticulations. […] Articulation problems resulting from dysarthria are treated by speech language pathologists, using a variety of techniques. […] Techniques used depend on the effect the dysarthria has on control of the articulators. […] Depending on the severity of the dysarthria, another possibility includes learning how to use a computer or flip cards in order to communicate more effectively.

• #18 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #19 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #20 Dysarthria – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysarthria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371994

  Dysarthria happens when the muscles used for speech are weak or are hard to control. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] Dysarthria can be a sign of a serious condition. See a healthcare professional right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak. […] Dysarthria can be caused by conditions that make it hard to move the muscles in the mouth, face or upper respiratory system. These muscles control speech. […] Some medicines also can cause dysarthria. These may include certain sedatives and seizure medicines. […] Dysarthria risk factors include having a neurological condition that affects the muscles that control speech. […] Complications of dysarthria may come from having trouble with communication.

• #21 Dysarthria

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/d/dysarthria2/

  Dysarthria occurs when the muscles you use for speech are weak or you have difficulty controlling them. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] A speech-language pathologist might evaluate your speech to help determine the type of dysarthria you have. This can be helpful to the neurologist, who will look for the underlying cause. […] Besides conducting a physical exam, your doctor might order tests to identify underlying conditions, including: Imaging tests. Imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, create detailed images of your brain, head and neck that may help identify the cause of your speech problem. […] Dysarthria requires prompt medical attention. See a doctor right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak.

• #22 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in the screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with dysarthria. […] Diagnose the presence of dysarthria and establish its severity, characteristics, and functional impact. […] An SLP conducts the assessment of individuals with suspected dysarthria using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. […] The goals of dysarthria assessment are to describe perceptual characteristics of the individuals speech and relevant physiologic findings; describe speech subsystems affected (i.e., articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody) and the severity of impairment for each; identify other systems and processes that may be affected (e.g., swallowing, language, cognition); and assess the impact of the dysarthria on speech intelligibility and naturalness, communicative efficiency and effectiveness, and social participation.

• #23 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #24 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #25 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #26 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #27 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #28 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #29 Dysarthria and Cerebral Palsy Fact Sheet | Cerebral Palsy Resource

  https://cpresource.org/topic/communication/dysarthria-and-cerebral-palsy-fact-sheet

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects how clear and understandable a persons speech is. […] When control of these muscles is affected by a persons CP, it can result in dysarthria. […] Between 50-90% of people with CP have dysarthria. Dysarthria can be mild and have minimal impact on communication, or it can be severe enough that a person may not be able to produce any understandable words. […] Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) diagnose dysarthria by listening to a childs speech and observing different features. SLPs listen for characteristics like a slow rate of speech, strained voice quality, low volume, hypernasal speech, and imprecise production of consonant and vowel sounds to diagnose dysarthria. […] SLPs may ask the child to perform different speaking tasks so they can observe the childs speech in single words, sentences, and at different rates of speech. […] SLPs can also use different tools to judge the degree to which dysarthria is affecting the childs ability to effectively communicate.

• #30 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Diagnosis and Assessment of Spastic Dysarthria […] Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive assessment are crucial for effective management of spastic dysarthria. […] The diagnostic process involves a collaborative effort between healthcare professionals, including: […] 1. Neurologists: They evaluate the underlying neurological condition causing the upper motor neuron damage. This may involve brain imaging tests like MRI or CT scans and neurological examinations. […] 2. Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs): They conduct a comprehensive speech and language evaluation to assess the specific speech impairments associated with spastic dysarthria. This evaluation typically includes: […] Speech intelligibility: Assessing how well others can understand the individual’s speech. […] Voice quality: Evaluating vocal fold function, pitch, volume, and other voice characteristics.

• #31 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Articulation: Assessing the individual’s ability to produce speech sounds clearly and accurately. […] Speech rate and rhythm: Analyzing the fluency and pacing of speech. […] Prosody: Evaluating the intonation and stress patterns used in speech. […] Facial movements and oral motor skills: Assessing muscle weakness or spasticity in the face and mouth can affect speech production. […] 3. Other Specialists: Depending on the individual’s needs, other specialists such as occupational therapists, psychologists, and physiatrists may be involved in the assessment and treatment process. […] Tools for Diagnosis and Assessment […] Several tools can be used to diagnose and assess spastic dysarthria: […] Standardized Speech Tests: These tests assess various aspects of speech production, providing objective data on the individual’s speech abilities.

• #32 Dysarthria and Cerebral Palsy Fact Sheet | Cerebral Palsy Resource

  https://cpresource.org/topic/communication/dysarthria-and-cerebral-palsy-fact-sheet

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects how clear and understandable a persons speech is. […] When control of these muscles is affected by a persons CP, it can result in dysarthria. […] Between 50-90% of people with CP have dysarthria. Dysarthria can be mild and have minimal impact on communication, or it can be severe enough that a person may not be able to produce any understandable words. […] Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) diagnose dysarthria by listening to a childs speech and observing different features. SLPs listen for characteristics like a slow rate of speech, strained voice quality, low volume, hypernasal speech, and imprecise production of consonant and vowel sounds to diagnose dysarthria. […] SLPs may ask the child to perform different speaking tasks so they can observe the childs speech in single words, sentences, and at different rates of speech. […] SLPs can also use different tools to judge the degree to which dysarthria is affecting the childs ability to effectively communicate.

• #33 Dysarthria and Cerebral Palsy Fact Sheet | Cerebral Palsy Resource

  https://cpresource.org/topic/communication/dysarthria-and-cerebral-palsy-fact-sheet

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that affects how clear and understandable a persons speech is. […] When control of these muscles is affected by a persons CP, it can result in dysarthria. […] Between 50-90% of people with CP have dysarthria. Dysarthria can be mild and have minimal impact on communication, or it can be severe enough that a person may not be able to produce any understandable words. […] Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) diagnose dysarthria by listening to a childs speech and observing different features. SLPs listen for characteristics like a slow rate of speech, strained voice quality, low volume, hypernasal speech, and imprecise production of consonant and vowel sounds to diagnose dysarthria. […] SLPs may ask the child to perform different speaking tasks so they can observe the childs speech in single words, sentences, and at different rates of speech. […] SLPs can also use different tools to judge the degree to which dysarthria is affecting the childs ability to effectively communicate.

• #34 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #35 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #36 Dysarthria

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/d/dysarthria2/

  Dysarthria occurs when the muscles you use for speech are weak or you have difficulty controlling them. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] A speech-language pathologist might evaluate your speech to help determine the type of dysarthria you have. This can be helpful to the neurologist, who will look for the underlying cause. […] Besides conducting a physical exam, your doctor might order tests to identify underlying conditions, including: Imaging tests. Imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan, create detailed images of your brain, head and neck that may help identify the cause of your speech problem. […] Dysarthria requires prompt medical attention. See a doctor right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak.

• #37 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  A thorough history and a detailed physical examination are crucial in evaluating patients presenting with dysarthria. A comprehensive initial speech evaluation is comprised of (1) history, (2) oral motor/speech mechanism exam, (3) screening of subsystems (respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody), (4) perceptual assessment, and (5) intelligibility evaluation. […] The onset and progression of dysarthria and associated neurological complaints, such as tremors, dysphagia, and gait instability, can provide clues for the diagnosis. […] Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) of the head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, are helpful initial tools in evaluation. In patients suspected of neuromuscular junction disorders, electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) are indicated.

• #38 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #39 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #40 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #41 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #42 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/dysarthria-speech

  Dysarthria is a condition in which the part of your brain that controls your lips, tongue, vocal cords, and diaphragm doesn’t work well. It’s hard for you to move those muscles the right way. […] If you suddenly have a hard time speaking, you might be having a stroke. Call 911 right away. But if it’s been happening for a while, see a speech-language pathologist (SLP). They’ll ask about any diseases you have that could affect your speech. […] They’ll also want to check the strength of the muscles in your lips, tongue, and jaw as you talk. […] You might need some tests, including: Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, Blood or urine tests, Brain and nerve tests like electroencephalogram or electromyography, Spinal tap to check for infection, Swallowing study to check for problems when you swallow.

• #43 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Articulation: Assessing the individual’s ability to produce speech sounds clearly and accurately. […] Speech rate and rhythm: Analyzing the fluency and pacing of speech. […] Prosody: Evaluating the intonation and stress patterns used in speech. […] Facial movements and oral motor skills: Assessing muscle weakness or spasticity in the face and mouth can affect speech production. […] 3. Other Specialists: Depending on the individual’s needs, other specialists such as occupational therapists, psychologists, and physiatrists may be involved in the assessment and treatment process. […] Tools for Diagnosis and Assessment […] Several tools can be used to diagnose and assess spastic dysarthria: […] Standardized Speech Tests: These tests assess various aspects of speech production, providing objective data on the individual’s speech abilities.

• #44 A Report of Assessment Tools for Individuals with Dysarthria

  https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/384/

  In the following sections, we will describe and summarize the assessment procedures and available assessment tools that speech-language pathologists commonly use when assessing individuals with dysarthria. […] The accurate diagnosis of the types of dysarthria is important in developing an effective treatment program for patients. […] At present, assessment tools used by speech-language pathologists could be divided into two types, namely formal and informal assessment tools. […] The most commonly used formal assessment tool by speech-language pathologists is the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment. […] According to Duffy, the FDA is the only standardized published test for the diagnosis of dysarthria. […] Through the formal and informal assessments, the speech-language pathologists could obtain their patients speech characteristics and severity, the differential diagnosis between the types of dysarthria, and the identification of the presence of associated impairments such as dysphagia. […] It is recommended that individuals with dysarthria is assessed in a holistic manner, which includes formal and informal assessments, and to include their family members into the team of care providers with the incorporation of typical social situations.

• #45 Speech disorders: Types, symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324764

  Dysarthria occurs when damage to the brain causes muscle weakness in a persons face, lips, tongue, throat, or chest. Muscle weakness in these parts of the body can make speaking very difficult. […] A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is a healthcare professional who specializes in speech and language disorders. […] An SLP will evaluate a person for groups of symptoms that indicate one type of speech disorder. To make an accurate diagnosis, SLPs need to rule out other speech and language disorders and medical conditions. […] Other methods of evaluating speech disorders include: Denver articulation screening examination. This test evaluates the clarity of a persons pronunciation. […] Dysarthria occurs when damage to the brain causes muscle weakness in a persons face, lips, tongue, throat, or chest. Muscle weakness in these parts of the body can make speaking very difficult.

• #46 Dysarthria – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/dysarthria

  Dysarthria is loss of the ability to articulate words normally. […] Practitioners evaluate muscle strength and movement by asking the person to do some simple tasks involving their mouth and tongue and to repeat words and sentences. […] To diagnose dysarthria, a doctor asks the person about symptoms and does a physical examination. A speech therapist often helps in the evaluation. […] Observing the person doing these tasks helps the practitioner evaluate the strength and movement of the muscles involved in speech. […] Standardized tests of brain function (neuropsychologic testing) may be given by a neuropsychologist or speech therapist. […] Imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are done to help identify the cause. […] Speech therapy helps some people with dysarthria.

• #47 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  The differential diagnoses for dysarthria include aphasia, apraxia of speech, and aphemia. […] Dysarthria is described as chronic if persistent for greater than 5 years. Dysarthria is considered stable in patients with nonprogressive etiologies. […] Recovery also appears to be dependent on the etiology. One study evaluating dysarthria following stroke showed recovery in about half of the patients. […] The prognosis of dysarthria depends on the cause. Proper consultation with specialists and education of family members and friends is required to optimize patient treatment and allow patients to regain their most significant level of independence.

• #48 Assessment of aphasia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/973

  Dysarthria is an acquired disorder of speech production due to weakness, slowness, reduced range of movement, or impaired timing and coordination of the muscles of the jaw, lips, tongue, palate, vocal folds, and/or respiratory muscles (the speech articulators). […] These 3 disorders can co-exist, but often occur separately. They can be distinguished by evaluation of language (tests of word and sentence comprehension, naming, repetition, spontaneous speech, reading, and writing), as well as tests of articulation (tests assessing the strength, coordination, rate, and range of movement of the muscles of speech articulation) and motor speech programming.

• #49 Assessment of aphasia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/973

  Dysarthria is an acquired disorder of speech production due to weakness, slowness, reduced range of movement, or impaired timing and coordination of the muscles of the jaw, lips, tongue, palate, vocal folds, and/or respiratory muscles (the speech articulators). […] These 3 disorders can co-exist, but often occur separately. They can be distinguished by evaluation of language (tests of word and sentence comprehension, naming, repetition, spontaneous speech, reading, and writing), as well as tests of articulation (tests assessing the strength, coordination, rate, and range of movement of the muscles of speech articulation) and motor speech programming.

• #50 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  The differential diagnoses for dysarthria include aphasia, apraxia of speech, and aphemia. […] Dysarthria is described as chronic if persistent for greater than 5 years. Dysarthria is considered stable in patients with nonprogressive etiologies. […] Recovery also appears to be dependent on the etiology. One study evaluating dysarthria following stroke showed recovery in about half of the patients. […] The prognosis of dysarthria depends on the cause. Proper consultation with specialists and education of family members and friends is required to optimize patient treatment and allow patients to regain their most significant level of independence.

• #51 Assessment of aphasia – Differential diagnosis of symptoms | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/973

  Dysarthria is an acquired disorder of speech production due to weakness, slowness, reduced range of movement, or impaired timing and coordination of the muscles of the jaw, lips, tongue, palate, vocal folds, and/or respiratory muscles (the speech articulators). […] These 3 disorders can co-exist, but often occur separately. They can be distinguished by evaluation of language (tests of word and sentence comprehension, naming, repetition, spontaneous speech, reading, and writing), as well as tests of articulation (tests assessing the strength, coordination, rate, and range of movement of the muscles of speech articulation) and motor speech programming.

• #52

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40474-024-00295-x

  The existing evidence suggests that children with genotypic speech disorders should be expected to have multiple overlapping diagnoses. […] Ultimately, the outcome of this new effort is that diagnostic uncertainty is reduced; and children with motor speech disorders receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate and timely intervention.

• #53 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Articulation: Assessing the individual’s ability to produce speech sounds clearly and accurately. […] Speech rate and rhythm: Analyzing the fluency and pacing of speech. […] Prosody: Evaluating the intonation and stress patterns used in speech. […] Facial movements and oral motor skills: Assessing muscle weakness or spasticity in the face and mouth can affect speech production. […] 3. Other Specialists: Depending on the individual’s needs, other specialists such as occupational therapists, psychologists, and physiatrists may be involved in the assessment and treatment process. […] Tools for Diagnosis and Assessment […] Several tools can be used to diagnose and assess spastic dysarthria: […] Standardized Speech Tests: These tests assess various aspects of speech production, providing objective data on the individual’s speech abilities.

• #54 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Articulation: Assessing the individual’s ability to produce speech sounds clearly and accurately. […] Speech rate and rhythm: Analyzing the fluency and pacing of speech. […] Prosody: Evaluating the intonation and stress patterns used in speech. […] Facial movements and oral motor skills: Assessing muscle weakness or spasticity in the face and mouth can affect speech production. […] 3. Other Specialists: Depending on the individual’s needs, other specialists such as occupational therapists, psychologists, and physiatrists may be involved in the assessment and treatment process. […] Tools for Diagnosis and Assessment […] Several tools can be used to diagnose and assess spastic dysarthria: […] Standardized Speech Tests: These tests assess various aspects of speech production, providing objective data on the individual’s speech abilities.

• #55 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Perceptual Evaluations: Clinicians rate the severity of different speech characteristics based on their listening perception. […] Acoustic Analysis: Speech sounds are analyzed using computer software to measure various acoustic parameters. […] Kinematic Analysis: This technique uses sensors to track the movement of the lips, tongue, and jaw during speech production. […] Importance of Early Diagnosis and Assessment […] Early diagnosis and assessment are critical for several reasons: […] Early intervention allows for more effective treatment outcomes. […] Accurate diagnosis helps to differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria, ensuring appropriate treatment strategies. […] Comprehensive assessment provides information for developing individualized treatment plans.

• #56 Dysarthria – Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/dysarthria.htm

  People with dysarthria have slow or slurred speech which makes it difficult to understand. […] Dysarthria can either be development or acquired. […] The primary treating physician usually takes a detailed medical and familial history with the help of family and others. The root cause is usually ascertained in order to recommend a line of treatment. […] A procedure called laryngoscopy is performed to check for voice box abnormalities. […] Other tests include: Imaging of the head and neck like an MRI or CT scan, Electromyography (EMG) to check the electric function of nerves or muscles. […] After these initial diagnostics, the patient is referred to a speech and language therapist who will assess the extent of the problem. […] Based on the assessment, the therapist may decide on certain improvement therapies.

• #57 Speech and Nonspeech Parameters in the Clinical Assessment of Dysarthria: A Dimensional Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/113

  Nonspeech parameters are typically assessed through tasks requiring patients to sustain phonation as long as possible, repeat syllables or orofacial movements maximally fast, apply pressure to a tongue or lip sensor, or produce isolated nonspeech oral movements upon verbal command or imitation. […] However, though we use “nonspeech” as an umbrella term, the different subtypes of tasks that do not involve speaking will be kept separate throughout the article. […] The validity of nonspeech measures as diagnostic markers of dysarthric impairment needs to be established empirically. […] The results of the present study failed to support the idea that nonspeech parameters reflect relevant speech characteristics in patients with neurological movement disorders. […] Therefore, in the interest of diagnostic economy and to reduce the burden of lengthy and exhausting diagnostic procedures, we suggest that these tasks be used only when there is credible evidence about how they contribute to clinical decision making. […] Thus, nonspeech tasks should be used selectively for well-established purposes rather than routinely in dysarthria assessment, and their results should be interpreted in light of their specific motor, cognitive, and attentional demands and not conflated with speech characteristics.

• #58 Speech and Nonspeech Parameters in the Clinical Assessment of Dysarthria: A Dimensional Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/113

  Nonspeech parameters are typically assessed through tasks requiring patients to sustain phonation as long as possible, repeat syllables or orofacial movements maximally fast, apply pressure to a tongue or lip sensor, or produce isolated nonspeech oral movements upon verbal command or imitation. […] However, though we use “nonspeech” as an umbrella term, the different subtypes of tasks that do not involve speaking will be kept separate throughout the article. […] The validity of nonspeech measures as diagnostic markers of dysarthric impairment needs to be established empirically. […] The results of the present study failed to support the idea that nonspeech parameters reflect relevant speech characteristics in patients with neurological movement disorders. […] Therefore, in the interest of diagnostic economy and to reduce the burden of lengthy and exhausting diagnostic procedures, we suggest that these tasks be used only when there is credible evidence about how they contribute to clinical decision making. […] Thus, nonspeech tasks should be used selectively for well-established purposes rather than routinely in dysarthria assessment, and their results should be interpreted in light of their specific motor, cognitive, and attentional demands and not conflated with speech characteristics.

• #59 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in the screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with dysarthria. […] Diagnose the presence of dysarthria and establish its severity, characteristics, and functional impact. […] An SLP conducts the assessment of individuals with suspected dysarthria using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. […] The goals of dysarthria assessment are to describe perceptual characteristics of the individuals speech and relevant physiologic findings; describe speech subsystems affected (i.e., articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody) and the severity of impairment for each; identify other systems and processes that may be affected (e.g., swallowing, language, cognition); and assess the impact of the dysarthria on speech intelligibility and naturalness, communicative efficiency and effectiveness, and social participation.

• #60 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in the screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with dysarthria. […] Diagnose the presence of dysarthria and establish its severity, characteristics, and functional impact. […] An SLP conducts the assessment of individuals with suspected dysarthria using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. […] The goals of dysarthria assessment are to describe perceptual characteristics of the individuals speech and relevant physiologic findings; describe speech subsystems affected (i.e., articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody) and the severity of impairment for each; identify other systems and processes that may be affected (e.g., swallowing, language, cognition); and assess the impact of the dysarthria on speech intelligibility and naturalness, communicative efficiency and effectiveness, and social participation.

• #61 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in the screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with dysarthria. […] Diagnose the presence of dysarthria and establish its severity, characteristics, and functional impact. […] An SLP conducts the assessment of individuals with suspected dysarthria using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. […] The goals of dysarthria assessment are to describe perceptual characteristics of the individuals speech and relevant physiologic findings; describe speech subsystems affected (i.e., articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody) and the severity of impairment for each; identify other systems and processes that may be affected (e.g., swallowing, language, cognition); and assess the impact of the dysarthria on speech intelligibility and naturalness, communicative efficiency and effectiveness, and social participation.

• #62 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in the screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with dysarthria. […] Diagnose the presence of dysarthria and establish its severity, characteristics, and functional impact. […] An SLP conducts the assessment of individuals with suspected dysarthria using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. […] The goals of dysarthria assessment are to describe perceptual characteristics of the individuals speech and relevant physiologic findings; describe speech subsystems affected (i.e., articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody) and the severity of impairment for each; identify other systems and processes that may be affected (e.g., swallowing, language, cognition); and assess the impact of the dysarthria on speech intelligibility and naturalness, communicative efficiency and effectiveness, and social participation.

• #63 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play a central role in the screening, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with dysarthria. […] Diagnose the presence of dysarthria and establish its severity, characteristics, and functional impact. […] An SLP conducts the assessment of individuals with suspected dysarthria using both standardized and nonstandardized measures. […] The goals of dysarthria assessment are to describe perceptual characteristics of the individuals speech and relevant physiologic findings; describe speech subsystems affected (i.e., articulation, phonation, respiration, resonance, and prosody) and the severity of impairment for each; identify other systems and processes that may be affected (e.g., swallowing, language, cognition); and assess the impact of the dysarthria on speech intelligibility and naturalness, communicative efficiency and effectiveness, and social participation.

• #64 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOoqIUlBaazin_767bL0JMUtt6CxBtEnUWiTWXgfZD7OMj2TCart0

  The severity of the disorder does not necessarily determine the degree of disability. Speech-related disability will depend on the communication needs of the individual, the perceived impact of the disorder, and the comprehensibility of their speech in salient contexts. […] Diagnosis of dysarthria and classification of dysarthria type.

• #65 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Perceptual Evaluations: Clinicians rate the severity of different speech characteristics based on their listening perception. […] Acoustic Analysis: Speech sounds are analyzed using computer software to measure various acoustic parameters. […] Kinematic Analysis: This technique uses sensors to track the movement of the lips, tongue, and jaw during speech production. […] Importance of Early Diagnosis and Assessment […] Early diagnosis and assessment are critical for several reasons: […] Early intervention allows for more effective treatment outcomes. […] Accurate diagnosis helps to differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria, ensuring appropriate treatment strategies. […] Comprehensive assessment provides information for developing individualized treatment plans.

• #66 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Perceptual Evaluations: Clinicians rate the severity of different speech characteristics based on their listening perception. […] Acoustic Analysis: Speech sounds are analyzed using computer software to measure various acoustic parameters. […] Kinematic Analysis: This technique uses sensors to track the movement of the lips, tongue, and jaw during speech production. […] Importance of Early Diagnosis and Assessment […] Early diagnosis and assessment are critical for several reasons: […] Early intervention allows for more effective treatment outcomes. […] Accurate diagnosis helps to differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria, ensuring appropriate treatment strategies. […] Comprehensive assessment provides information for developing individualized treatment plans.

• #67 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Perceptual Evaluations: Clinicians rate the severity of different speech characteristics based on their listening perception. […] Acoustic Analysis: Speech sounds are analyzed using computer software to measure various acoustic parameters. […] Kinematic Analysis: This technique uses sensors to track the movement of the lips, tongue, and jaw during speech production. […] Importance of Early Diagnosis and Assessment […] Early diagnosis and assessment are critical for several reasons: […] Early intervention allows for more effective treatment outcomes. […] Accurate diagnosis helps to differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria, ensuring appropriate treatment strategies. […] Comprehensive assessment provides information for developing individualized treatment plans.

• #68 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Perceptual Evaluations: Clinicians rate the severity of different speech characteristics based on their listening perception. […] Acoustic Analysis: Speech sounds are analyzed using computer software to measure various acoustic parameters. […] Kinematic Analysis: This technique uses sensors to track the movement of the lips, tongue, and jaw during speech production. […] Importance of Early Diagnosis and Assessment […] Early diagnosis and assessment are critical for several reasons: […] Early intervention allows for more effective treatment outcomes. […] Accurate diagnosis helps to differentiate spastic dysarthria from other types of dysarthria, ensuring appropriate treatment strategies. […] Comprehensive assessment provides information for developing individualized treatment plans.

• #69 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Early identification of spastic dysarthria can help individuals and families access necessary support services. […] By undergoing a thorough diagnostic and assessment process, individuals with spastic dysarthria can receive the targeted intervention they need to improve their communication skills and enhance their quality of life.

• #70 Dysarthria – Back to the Basics: Differential Diagnosis and Assessment – Article 19820

  https://www.speechpathology.com/articles/dysarthria-back-to-basics-differential-19820

  Dysarthria, which is the execution side. In someone with dysarthria, the programming is present, but the way that the program is executed is impaired as a result of some kind of weakness, paralysis, incoordination, or inadvertent muscle movements of the speech mechanism. […] Dysarthria actually outpaces aphasia as an acquired neurogenic communication disorder. […] Knowing what type of dysarthria we are hearing, we can help the medical team determine what type of disorder or diagnosis they are dealing with, and what the care may entail. […] Knowing the type of dysarthria can also influence treatment decisions. […] The types simply serve as a framework from which to start an assessment and structure your thought processes, related to motor speech disorders. […] These dysarthria categories are not an overall perfect fit. They definitely do not predict the impact of dysarthria on the patient’s life very well, and that is something we always want to consider. […] The flaccid type is the most variable. […] With spastic dysarthria, individuals often have imprecise articulation. […] Spastic dysarthria is often one of the major components of mixed dysarthria. […] It takes time. No one is good at this on day one.

• #71

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40474-024-00295-x

  Speech-language pathologists report difficulty in the accurate differential diagnosis of complex speech presentations. […] Clinicians are frequently uncertain about differential diagnosis and lack time to complete comprehensive analysis required to understand the children’s complex speech profiles. […] Childhood dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from a central or cranial-nerve disruption that prevents the developed speech motor plan from being executed accurately at an appropriate speed. […] Diagnosing children with a specific speech sound disorder is not as simple as matching the child’s speech features (phenotype) with one of the speech sound disorder subtypes. […] To make a diagnosis, speech-language pathologists use clinical reasoning to evaluate a range of signs and symptoms which are both directly observed and reported by others.

• #72 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  The differential diagnoses for dysarthria include aphasia, apraxia of speech, and aphemia. […] Dysarthria is described as chronic if persistent for greater than 5 years. Dysarthria is considered stable in patients with nonprogressive etiologies. […] Recovery also appears to be dependent on the etiology. One study evaluating dysarthria following stroke showed recovery in about half of the patients. […] The prognosis of dysarthria depends on the cause. Proper consultation with specialists and education of family members and friends is required to optimize patient treatment and allow patients to regain their most significant level of independence.

• #73 Dysarthria – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysarthria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371994

  Dysarthria happens when the muscles used for speech are weak or are hard to control. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] Dysarthria can be a sign of a serious condition. See a healthcare professional right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak. […] Dysarthria can be caused by conditions that make it hard to move the muscles in the mouth, face or upper respiratory system. These muscles control speech. […] Some medicines also can cause dysarthria. These may include certain sedatives and seizure medicines. […] Dysarthria risk factors include having a neurological condition that affects the muscles that control speech. […] Complications of dysarthria may come from having trouble with communication.

• #74 Dysarthria | MND Association

  https://www.mndassociation.org/professionals/management-of-mnd/dysarthria

  More than 80% of people with MND experience slurred, quiet or complete loss of speech (dysarthria). 25-30% of people with MND have dysarthria as a first or predominant sign in the early stage of the disease. […] Once speech problems begin, communication often deteriorates so rapidly that there is little time to implement appropriate support, so timing of referral for assessment and intervention is crucial. […] Problems with cognition can affect the ability to use communication aids. It is important for communication difficulties to be assessed as soon as possible if cognition is affected as there may be a need for early discussions on future planning. […] A speech and language therapist (SLT) can help the person prepare for impending changes to speech and can play a key role in setting realistic expectations, educating carers and family about anticipated change and initiating discussions about AAC.

• #75 Dysarthria | MND Association

  https://www.mndassociation.org/professionals/management-of-mnd/dysarthria

  More than 80% of people with MND experience slurred, quiet or complete loss of speech (dysarthria). 25-30% of people with MND have dysarthria as a first or predominant sign in the early stage of the disease. […] Once speech problems begin, communication often deteriorates so rapidly that there is little time to implement appropriate support, so timing of referral for assessment and intervention is crucial. […] Problems with cognition can affect the ability to use communication aids. It is important for communication difficulties to be assessed as soon as possible if cognition is affected as there may be a need for early discussions on future planning. […] A speech and language therapist (SLT) can help the person prepare for impending changes to speech and can play a key role in setting realistic expectations, educating carers and family about anticipated change and initiating discussions about AAC.

• #76 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Diagnosis and Assessment of Spastic Dysarthria […] Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive assessment are crucial for effective management of spastic dysarthria. […] The diagnostic process involves a collaborative effort between healthcare professionals, including: […] 1. Neurologists: They evaluate the underlying neurological condition causing the upper motor neuron damage. This may involve brain imaging tests like MRI or CT scans and neurological examinations. […] 2. Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs): They conduct a comprehensive speech and language evaluation to assess the specific speech impairments associated with spastic dysarthria. This evaluation typically includes: […] Speech intelligibility: Assessing how well others can understand the individual’s speech. […] Voice quality: Evaluating vocal fold function, pitch, volume, and other voice characteristics.

• #77 Understanding Spastic Dysarthria: Causes, Symptoms, and Strategies

  https://connectedspeechpathology.com/blog/understanding-spastic-dysarthria-causes-symptoms-and-management-strategies

  Early identification of spastic dysarthria can help individuals and families access necessary support services. […] By undergoing a thorough diagnostic and assessment process, individuals with spastic dysarthria can receive the targeted intervention they need to improve their communication skills and enhance their quality of life.

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