Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK592453/

  Dysarthria is a neuromotor disorder that results from abnormalities in speed, strength, accuracy, range, tone, or duration required for speech control. Decreased speech intelligibility characterizes the disorder. […] The exact incidence of dysarthria is not known, and incidence varies based on the underlying cause. About 90% of patients with PD develop dysarthria during the illness. In ALS patients, dysarthria may predate limb weakness by about 3 to 5 years; dysarthria affects about 70% of patients with limb weakness. […] In one study evaluating stroke patients, 28% had both aphasia and dysarthria, and 24% had dysarthria only. In a study of children with neuromuscular diseases, the prevalence of dysarthria was 31.5%. It is estimated that 10 to 60% of patients with TBI have dysarthria.

• #2 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/n/statpearls/article-141328/

  Dysarthria is a neuromotor disorder that results from abnormalities in speed, strength, accuracy, range, tone, or duration required for speech control. Decreased speech intelligibility characterizes the disorder. The exact incidence of dysarthria is not known, and incidence varies based on the underlying cause. About 90% of patients with PD develop dysarthria during the illness. In ALS patients, dysarthria may predate limb weakness by about 3 to 5 years; dysarthria affects about 70% of patients with limb weakness. In one study evaluating stroke patients, 28% had both aphasia and dysarthria, and 24% had dysarthria only. In a study of children with neuromuscular diseases, the prevalence of dysarthria was 31.5%. It is estimated that 10 to 60% of patients with TBI have dysarthria. […] Dysarthria is among the most common neurological complaints and can arise from many primary neurological and nonneurological conditions. Collecting detailed history, including onset, progression, associated neurological symptoms, and collateral history from family and friends, is essential. If dysarthria is a presenting symptom, extensive workup may be required to diagnose the underlying cause.

• #3 Understanding Dysarthria and How a Speech-Language Pathologist Can Help

  https://www.salusuhealth.com/news/2016/12/understanding-dysarthria-and-how-a-speech-language-pathologist-can-help.html

  Dysarthria is the inability to articulate words normally because of impairment to the muscles used for speech, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, vocal folds, and/or diaphragm. […] There is no official record of the amount of people who suffer from dysarthria because of its wide variety of causes. […] A speech-language pathologist (SLP) can accurately identify and recommend a treatment plan for those who have dysarthria. […] The Speech-Language Institute of Salus University has a team of professional speech-language pathologists. They can assist those with dysarthria by evaluating the nature and severity of the condition and creating a customized evaluation and treatment plan.

• #4 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOorp75WCfep-R2BmWnMsH_ss4rxt4EISsLCRPutpss1TgNWLGk9F

  Dysarthria is present in many neurologic diseases. As such, its incidence and prevalence vary based upon the nature and course of the underlying condition; condition severity; and location of lesion, if present. Estimates of dysarthria prevalence in adults secondary to these neurologic conditions are as follows: […] Estimates suggest that 78%-93% of people with Huntington’s disease have dysarthria. […] Between 40% and 51% of individuals with multiple sclerosis are diagnosed with dysarthria at some point during the course of their disease. […] Approximately 26%-62% of individuals with neuromuscular disease experience dysarthria during the course of their disease. […] It is estimated that the prevalence of dysarthria in individuals with nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) is approximately 18%-60%.

• #5 Dysarthria in Adults

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysarthria-in-adults/?srsltid=AfmBOorp75WCfep-R2BmWnMsH_ss4rxt4EISsLCRPutpss1TgNWLGk9F

  It is estimated that dysarthria affects approximately 44%-88% of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. […] It is estimated that 22%-58% of individuals with acute stroke present with dysarthria. […] Approximately 30%-86% of individuals with acute to subacute traumatic brain injury experience dysarthria.

• #6 Dysarthria (Slurred Speech): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17653-dysarthria

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder where damage to your nervous system causes the muscles that produce speech to become paralyzed or weakened. Dysarthria makes it challenging to speak so that others can understand you. Dysarthria is more common in people with certain neurological conditions, such as: […] Dysarthria affects 70% to 100% of people with Parkinsons disease. […] About 8% to 60% of people with stroke have dysarthria. […] Some 10% to 65% of people with traumatic brain injury have dysarthria.

• #7 Dysarthria – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dysarthria

  Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder caused by a neurological deficit resulting in weakening or paralysis of the muscles responsible for speech formation. […] Incidence and prevalence is not fully established. […] Disease based prevalence of dysarthria is as following: Stroke: Approximately 8%60% of individuals with stroke present with dysarthria. […] Parkinson’s disease: Approximately 70%100% of individuals develop dysarthria. […] Multiple sclerosis: 25% and 50% of individuals with multiple sclerosis present with dysarthria at some point. […] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Approximately 30%-100% depending on the stage of the disease. […] Traumatic brain injury: Approximately 10%65% of individuals with traumatic brain injury develop dysarthria. […] There is no racial predilection to dysarthria. […] Dysarthria affects men and women equally. […] There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for dysarthria.

• #8 Dysarthria (difficulty speaking) | Managing conditions

  https://www.hct.nhs.uk/your-healthmanaging-conditions/dysarthria-difficulty-speaking-1061/

  Dysarthria is difficulty speaking caused by brain damage or brain changes later in life. […] Dysarthria can either be: developmental when it occurs as a result of brain damage before or during birth, such as in cerebral palsy; acquired when it occurs as the result of brain changes later in life, such as damage caused by a stroke, head injury or brain tumour, or a progressive condition such as Parkinson’s disease or motor neurone disease. […] Dysarthria in children is usually developmental, while dysarthria in adults is often acquired, although both types can affect people of any age. […] Whether dysarthria will improve with speech and language therapy depends on the cause and the extent of the brain damage or dysfunction. […] There’s no guarantee that speech and language therapy can improve the speech of everyone with dysarthria. Whether treatment is successful will depend on the extent and location of the brain damage or dysfunction, the underlying condition causing it, and the individual’s personal circumstances.

• #9 Dysarthria (difficulty speaking) – Plymouth Online Directory

  https://www.plymouthonlinedirectory.com/article/1456/Dysarthria-difficulty-speaking

  Dysarthria is difficulty speaking caused by brain damage or brain changes later in life. […] Dysarthria can either be developmental: when it occurs as a result of brain damage before or during birth, such as in cerebral palsy […] or acquired when it occurs as the result of brain changes later in life, such as damage caused by a stroke, head injury or brain tumour, or a progressive condition such as Parkinson’s disease or motor neurone disease. […] Dysarthria in children is usually developmental, while dysarthria in adults is often acquired, although both types can affect people of any age. […] Whether dysarthria will improve with speech and language therapy depends on the cause and the extent of the brain damage or dysfunction. […] There’s no guarantee that speech and language therapy can improve the speech of everyone with dysarthria. Whether treatment is successful will depend on the extent and location of the brain damage or dysfunction, the underlying condition causing it, and the individual’s personal circumstances.

• #10 Motor Neurone Disease Information & Support | MND Australia | MND Australia

  https://www.mndaustralia.org.au/mnd-connect/for-health-professionals-service-providers/managing-symptoms/communication-in-mnd

  More than 80% of people with MND will experience communication difficulties at some point in the disease trajectory. […] The majority of clinically apparent communication difficulties in ALS result from dysarthria. […] Dysarthria occurs in more than 80% of ALS patients and may cause major disability, earlier in those with bulbar onset, who may become anarthric after a few months. […] Twenty-five to thirty percent of ALS patients have dysarthria as a first or predominant sign in the early stage of the disease. […] Dysarthria as an initial symptom is eight times more frequent than dysphagia in ALS. […] Dysarthria in ALS can be rapidly progressive. […] The presence of dysarthria in individuals with ALS is both common and distressing. […] The assessment of dysarthria and the neurological examination, including the type of bulbar syndrome, are essential for the diagnosis of, and the condition causing, dysarthria, and will inform subsequent decisions about investigation and management in the ALS clinic.

• #11 Speech Sound Disorder (Phonological Disorder) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/child/communication/speech-sound-disorder

  There is a prevalence of speech sound disorders in young children is 8 to 9 percent.[1] […] Speech impairment can be due to a motor disorder such as cerebral palsy. This is dysarthria and not speech sound disorder.

• #12 Speech And Sound Disorder

  https://www.prepladder.com/psychiatry-residency-study-material/psychiatric-theory-and-specialities/speech-and-sound-disorder

  Dysarthria is slurred speech caused by incoordination of the speech muscles. […] When looking at the DSM-5, speech sound problems like dysarthria or dyspraxia that have a known neurological basis such as cerebral palsy, TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury), cleft palate, deafness, hearing loss, etc. are not classed as speech sound disorders. […] Dysarthria: Anatomical and neurological problems may potentially be the cause of this. Therefore, examination can be used to differentiate. The following characteristics will help distinguish the disorder from dysarthria: drooling; slow or uncoordinated motor behavior; abnormal chewing or swallowing; slow protrusion or retraction of the tongue; abnormality of the lips and palate; a slow rate of speech. […] Males are more likely than females to have certain speech sound abnormalities. In men, it occurs two to three times more frequently.

• #13 Dysarthria in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 | Clinics

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-clinics-22-articulo-dysarthria-in-hereditary-spastic-paraplegia-S1807593222033294

  Dysarthria is a disturbance in the control of speech mechanisms due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system that affects the communication of patients with several neurological disorders. […] In the auditory-perceptual analysis, 53.5% (n = 15) of individuals with SPG4 were dysarthric, with mild to moderate changes in the subsystems of phonation and articulation. […] Dysarthria in SPG4 is frequent and mild, and it did not evolve in conjunction with more advanced motor diseases. […] The data suggest that speech disorders do not evolve in conjunction with a more advanced motor disease and that the pathophysiological basis of speech involved in the disease is somehow distinct from duration-dependent involvement of the corticospinal tract. […] More than half of the evaluated SPG4 patients presented abnormal articulation or phonation on auditory-perceptual analysis of speech, with most abnormalities classified as mild.

• #14 SciELO Brazil – Dysarthria in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 Dysarthria in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4

  https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1807-59322023000100200&script=sci_arttext

  Dysarthria is a disturbance in the control of speech mechanisms due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system that affects the communication of patients with several neurological disorders. […] In the auditory-perceptual analysis, 53.5% (n= 15) of individuals with SPG4 were dysarthric, with mild to moderate changes in the subsystems of phonation and articulation. […] Dysarthria in SPG4 is frequent and mild, and it did not evolve in conjunction with more advanced motor diseases. […] The prevalence of dysarthria in SPG4 is greater than previously considered. […] The dysarthria in SPG4 is mild or moderate. […] The subsystems of speech more affected are articulatory and phonation. […] More than half of the evaluated SPG4 patients presented abnormal articulation or phonation on auditory-perceptual analysis of speech, with most abnormalities classified as mild.

• #15 Dysarthria Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/dysarthria

  Dysarthria can occur in people who have a positive family history of neurological diseases, especially genetic diseases that can be passed on to the next generation. […] Dysarthria can be found in both children and adults, depending on the cause. Stroke or cerebral palsy is usually present among older adults. Other causes of dysarthria can also impair speech from an early age. There is no gender or racial predilection for this disease.

• #16 Spasmodic Dysphonia: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/864079-overview

  Early textbooks reported that spasmodic dysphonia (SD) was a relatively rare voice disorder, although recent reports suggest that it is not rare but rather frequently goes undiagnosed. Most studies show that this disorder affects females more commonly than males, with a female-to-male ratio as high as 4:1. […] Reports of the mean age of patients with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) typically indicate a range of 39-45 years; however, the condition may occur as early as the second decade of life in rare exceptions and as late as the ninth decade of life. […] Although a genetic basis of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) has not been established, some patients (12%) report relatives with similar voice problems or other dystonias.

• #17 Dysarthria – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dysarthria/symptoms-causes/syc-20371994

  Dysarthria happens when the muscles used for speech are weak or are hard to control. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] Dysarthria can be a sign of a serious condition. See a healthcare professional right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak. […] Dysarthria risk factors include having a neurological condition that affects the muscles that control speech.

• #18 Stroke Medicine for Stroke Physicians and Neurologists

  https://neurovascularmedicine.com/speech_language.php

  Dysarthria is far less localising and can be non-specific. […] Dysarthria: inarticulate speech. Slurred and slowed pronunciation on saying „British constitution”. […] Early recognition is key and involvement of Speech and language therapy who have the time and skills to focus on speech and language issues. […] The evidence shows that communication therapy was most effective in the first 4 months and had no added benefit beyond that from everyday communication after the first four months after stroke.

• #19 Motor Neurone Disease Information & Support | MND Australia | MND Australia

  https://www.mndaustralia.org.au/mnd-connect/for-health-professionals-service-providers/managing-symptoms/communication-in-mnd

  The goal of management of dysarthria in ALS is to optimize the intelligibility of speech for as long as possible and to concentrate not only on the disabled person, but also on partner-to-partner communication. […] The results of this study indicate areas of improvement and the following recommendations have been detailed to address this: Earlier SLT referral; offered at the point of diagnosis of MND, irrespective of the subtype and ongoing 3-6 monthly SLT review thereafter. […] More than 80% of people living with MND (plwMND) develop difficulties with their speech, affecting communication, self-identity and quality of life.

• #20 Dysarthria | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/dysarthria

  Dysarthria happens when the muscles used for speech are weak or are hard to control. Dysarthria often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. […] Dysarthria risk factors include having a neurological condition that affects the muscles that control speech. […] Dysarthria requires prompt medical attention. See a doctor or other healthcare professional right away if you have sudden or unexplained changes in your ability to speak.

• #21 Dysarthria Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/dysarthria

  Dysarthria is a condition in which you have difficulty saying words because of problems with the muscles that help you talk. […] Depending on its cause, dysarthria may develop slowly or occur suddenly. […] Contact your provider if you have difficulty speaking to or communicating with other people.

• #22 Speech–Language Pathology Evaluation and Management of Hyperkinetic Disorders Affecting Speech and Swallowing Function | Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

  https://tremorjournal.org/articles/10.5334/tohm.381

  Hyperkinetic dysarthria is characterized by abnormal involuntary movements affecting respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory structures impacting speech and deglutition. […] Approximately 57% of adult patient referrals to speechlanguage pathologists (SLPs) are represented by individuals with voice and motor speech disorders. […] Within the latter group, hyperkinetic dysarthria represented approximately 20% of individuals diagnosed with dysarthria. […] The role of the SLP is to contribute to the diagnosis and management of impaired communication and deglutition of this population as part of a multidisciplinary team. […] The standard SLP speech and swallowing evaluation includes 1) case history; 2) examination of the tone, symmetry, and sensorimotor function of the speech structures during non-speech, speech and deglutition activities; 3) evaluation of speech characteristics; and 4) patient self-report of the impact of their disorder on activities of daily living.

• #23 A Report of Assessment Tools for Individuals with Dysarthria

  https://openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/12/PAGE/384/

  Dysarthria is a communication disorder resulting from acquired progressive neurological disorders such as Parkinsons disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntingtons disease. Dysarthria could have an impact on the overall communication ability, speech intelligibility, and an individuals ability to participate and interact in daily life situations. […] Recent studies have identified the inability to produce speech by individuals with dysarthria which is accompanied by a lack of cognitive function, neurological mental state, and language. […] The accurate diagnosis of the types of dysarthria is important in developing an effective treatment program for patients. […] Through the formal and informal assessments, the speech-language pathologists could obtain their patients speech characteristics and severity, the differential diagnosis between the types of dysarthria, and the identification of the presence of associated impairments such as dysphagia. […] It is recommended that individuals with dysarthria is assessed in a holistic manner, which includes formal and informal assessments, and to include their family members into the team of care providers with the incorporation of typical social situations.

• #24 Rare instrument collects speech data for dysarthria patients | Penn State University

  https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/rare-instrument-collects-speech-data-dysarthria-patients

  In an effort to create a speech intervention program for patients with the motor speech disorder dysarthria, speech-language pathologist Jimin Lee is using a rare instrument to analyze patients ability to move various muscles involved in speech production. […] Dysarthria may produce unusually slow, unusually fast, slurred, or disrupted speech that is difficult for listeners to understand. […] The ultimate goal is to identify movement to improve patients speech intelligibility or the amount of words others can understand, Lee said. […] In patients with ALS, for example, 95 percent lose their speech. […] Hopefully, we can strengthen our clinical intervention by providing more evidence and concrete foundation for maximized outcomes for people with dysarthria, Lee said.

• #25 Voice signals database of ALS patients with different dysarthria severity and healthy controls | Scientific Data

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-03597-2

  This paper describes a new publicly-available database of VOiCe signals acquired in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients (VOC-ALS) and healthy controls performing different speech tasks. […] In about 20%30% of cases, there is a bulbar onset of the disease, presenting with dysarthria, dysphagia, and dysphonia. Dysarthria is a motor disorder of speech characterized by abnormalities of the articulation and intelligibility of speech, it is commonly reported as the worst part of the disease by ALS patients due to the impact of communication on overall quality of life and well-being. […] The degree of severity of dysarthria was assessed for each patient based on the first item of the ALSFRS-R scale. Namely, the non-dysarthric patient corresponded to a normal speech process (score 4), the patient with mild dysarthria indicated detectable speech disturbances (score 3), the moderate dysarthric patient corresponded to intelligible speech with repetitions (score 2), the patient with severe dysarthria indicated language combined with non-vocal communication (score 1).

• #26 Voice signals database of ALS patients with different dysarthria severity and healthy controls | Scientific Data

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-03597-2

  We believe that a better understanding of speech abnormalities in ALS patients could contribute to the development of technology to augment communicative interactions and help answer critical questions around the emergence of language and communication deficits across all stages of the disease in order to detect sensitive biomarkers for an early diagnosis and a proper prognosis. […] In this context, VOC-ALS represents a useful clinical dataset for developing new and more sensitive tools to efficiently assess dysarthria severity.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/FullText/2006/12000/Disorders_of_speech_and_language__aphasia,_apraxia.13.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cco-neurology:2006:12000:00013%7C10.1097/wco.0b013e3280109260%7C

  We review recent important papers pertaining to acquired aphasia, apraxia of speech and dysarthria with special attention to clinically significant work published in the last 12 months. […] Treatment studies for poststroke dysarthria indicate that speech supplementation strategies may be effective and deserve further study. […] There are relatively few recent studies on the treatment of acquired disorders of speech and language, other than poststroke aphasia.

• #28 Dysarthria – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/n/statpearls/article-141328/

  Dysarthria is a neuromotor disorder that results from abnormalities in speed, strength, accuracy, range, tone, or duration required for speech control. Decreased speech intelligibility characterizes the disorder. The exact incidence of dysarthria is not known, and incidence varies based on the underlying cause. About 90% of patients with PD develop dysarthria during the illness. In ALS patients, dysarthria may predate limb weakness by about 3 to 5 years; dysarthria affects about 70% of patients with limb weakness. In one study evaluating stroke patients, 28% had both aphasia and dysarthria, and 24% had dysarthria only. In a study of children with neuromuscular diseases, the prevalence of dysarthria was 31.5%. It is estimated that 10 to 60% of patients with TBI have dysarthria. […] Dysarthria is among the most common neurological complaints and can arise from many primary neurological and nonneurological conditions. Collecting detailed history, including onset, progression, associated neurological symptoms, and collateral history from family and friends, is essential. If dysarthria is a presenting symptom, extensive workup may be required to diagnose the underlying cause.

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