Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. CMV seroprevalence in immunocompetent adults varies from 40-100% globally. […] CMV usually causes an asymptomatic infection; afterward, it remains latent throughout life and may reactivate. Infection is defined as isolation of CMV, its viral proteins, or its nucleic acid from any tissue sample or body fluid. […] Clinically significant CMV disease (reactivation of previously latent infection or newly acquired infection) frequently develops in patients immunocompromised by HIV infection, solid-organ transplantation, or bone marrow transplantation, as well as in those receiving high-dose steroids, tumor necrosis antagonists, or other immunosuppressing medications for conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, or psoriasis, among others.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. […] CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. CMV may cycle through periods when it lies dormant and then reactivates. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant. […] When the virus is active in your body, you can pass the virus to other people. The virus is spread through body fluids including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, tears, semen and vaginal fluids. Casual contact doesn’t transmit CMV. […] Ways the virus can be transmitted include: Touching your eyes or the inside of your nose or mouth after coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person. Sexual contact with an infected person. The breast milk of an infected mother. Organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation or blood transfusions. Birth. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby before or during birth. The risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is higher if you become infected for the first time during pregnancy.

• #4 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. CMV seroprevalence in immunocompetent adults varies from 40-100% globally. […] CMV usually causes an asymptomatic infection; afterward, it remains latent throughout life and may reactivate. Infection is defined as isolation of CMV, its viral proteins, or its nucleic acid from any tissue sample or body fluid. […] Clinically significant CMV disease (reactivation of previously latent infection or newly acquired infection) frequently develops in patients immunocompromised by HIV infection, solid-organ transplantation, or bone marrow transplantation, as well as in those receiving high-dose steroids, tumor necrosis antagonists, or other immunosuppressing medications for conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, or psoriasis, among others.

• #5 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #6 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/cytomegalovirus-cmv-a-to-z

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus. It is so common that almost all adults in developing countries and 50% to 85% of adults in the United States have been infected. […] Being infected with this virus can be serious and even fatal in some people, however, including: people receiving chemotherapy for cancer, people with diseases that suppress the immune system, such as AIDS, people who have received organ or bone marrow transplants, newborn babies of women infected with CMV during pregnancy. […] Women infected with CMV for the first time during pregnancy can pass the virus to their unborn babies in the womb. […] The virus can pass from person to person through close personal contact, sexual contact, blood transfusion or organ transplantation. […] Up to 40% of babies born to women who are newly infected with CMV during pregnancy will become infected.

• #7 Cytomegalovirus Infection(CMV) Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection

  Some common risk factors include: People using immunosuppressing medications for diseases like Systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohns disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis. […] In the United States, one in three children is almost infected with CMV by age five. More than half are infected with CMV by age 40. […] Almost 60% of the US population has been exposed to CMV, being prevalent among high-risk groups like male homosexuals. […] The incidence of CMV seropositivity rises with age, and in a US-based study was reported to increase from 36% in children aged 6-11 years to 91% in individuals older than 80 years. […] The hallmark of CMV infection is the presence of intranuclear inclusions consistent with herpesvirus infection. […] CMV immune globulin has been approved for the prophylaxis of CMV disease in high-risk lung transplant recipients when given in addition to ganciclovir. […] The prognosis of CMV hepatitis is remarkably praising. […] Because patients who develop CMV disease have low immunity, their prognosis may be determined by their underlying medical condition.

• #8 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Cytomegalovirus (pronounced sy-toe-MEG-a-low-vy-rus or CMV) is a common virus found in people of all ages. […] A healthy person’s immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness. […] Some babies born with CMV can have health problems at birth or that develop later. […] CMV is a common virus that infects people of all ages. […] Once CMV is in a persons body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. […] If you are pregnant and infected with CMV, you can pass CMV to your developing baby. […] When a baby is born with a CMV infection, it is called congenital CMV. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV infection. […] CMV is most common infectious cause of birth defects in the US. […] The virus can stay in a child’s body fluids for months after the infection.

• #9 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  A pregnant woman can pass CMV to their baby following a: […] Risk of transmission for primary infection is 30 to 40% in the first and second trimesters, and 40 to 70% in the third trimester. The risk of transmission following non-primary infection is much lower (3%). […] Most healthy people, children, and infants who acquire CMV after birth have few symptoms and no long-term health complications from infection. […] About 40 to 60% of infants born with signs of congenital CMV disease at birth will have long-term health problems. […] CMV is common in children and can be found in especially high amounts in young children’s saliva and urine. Avoiding contact with saliva and urine from young children might reduce the risk of CMV infection. […] Antiviral medications such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir may improve hearing and developmental outcomes in newborns with signs of congenital CMV.

• #10 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Cytomegalovirus (pronounced sy-toe-MEG-a-low-vy-rus or CMV) is a common virus found in people of all ages. […] A healthy person’s immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness. […] Some babies born with CMV can have health problems at birth or that develop later. […] CMV is a common virus that infects people of all ages. […] Once CMV is in a persons body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. […] If you are pregnant and infected with CMV, you can pass CMV to your developing baby. […] When a baby is born with a CMV infection, it is called congenital CMV. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV infection. […] CMV is most common infectious cause of birth defects in the US. […] The virus can stay in a child’s body fluids for months after the infection.

• #11 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. […] CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. CMV may cycle through periods when it lies dormant and then reactivates. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant. […] When the virus is active in your body, you can pass the virus to other people. The virus is spread through body fluids including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, tears, semen and vaginal fluids. Casual contact doesn’t transmit CMV. […] Ways the virus can be transmitted include: Touching your eyes or the inside of your nose or mouth after coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person. Sexual contact with an infected person. The breast milk of an infected mother. Organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation or blood transfusions. Birth. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby before or during birth. The risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is higher if you become infected for the first time during pregnancy.

• #12 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  People with CMV can pass the virus through body fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, tears, semen, and breast milk. […] Healthy people who are infected with CMV usually do not require medical treatment. […] Medications called antivirals are available to treat CMV infection in people who have weakened immune systems. […] CMV is the most common infectious cause of birth defects in the United States.

• #13 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. […] CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. CMV may cycle through periods when it lies dormant and then reactivates. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant. […] When the virus is active in your body, you can pass the virus to other people. The virus is spread through body fluids including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, tears, semen and vaginal fluids. Casual contact doesn’t transmit CMV. […] Ways the virus can be transmitted include: Touching your eyes or the inside of your nose or mouth after coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person. Sexual contact with an infected person. The breast milk of an infected mother. Organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation or blood transfusions. Birth. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby before or during birth. The risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is higher if you become infected for the first time during pregnancy.

• #14 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. […] CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. CMV may cycle through periods when it lies dormant and then reactivates. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant. […] When the virus is active in your body, you can pass the virus to other people. The virus is spread through body fluids including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, tears, semen and vaginal fluids. Casual contact doesn’t transmit CMV. […] Ways the virus can be transmitted include: Touching your eyes or the inside of your nose or mouth after coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person. Sexual contact with an infected person. The breast milk of an infected mother. Organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation or blood transfusions. Birth. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby before or during birth. The risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is higher if you become infected for the first time during pregnancy.

• #15 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus can cause serious illness in infants who are infected before birth. […] Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus infection with a wide range of symptoms: from no symptoms to fever and fatigue (resembling infectious mononucleosis) to severe symptoms involving the eyes, brain, or other internal organs. […] CMV may cause symptoms soon after infection. […] Serious infections typically develop only in infants infected before birth and in people with a weakened immune systemfor example, people with AIDS or those who have received an organ transplant. […] In people with a weakened immune system, disease often results from reactivation of the dormant virus. […] CMV infection may develop in people who receive a transfusion of infected blood or an infected organ transplant.

• #16 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  CMV is transmitted from person to person via close contact with an individual who is excreting the virus. It can be spread through the placenta, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and breast milk. It also can be spread through sexual transmission. […] Multiple genetically distinct strains of CMV exist. Differences in genotypes may be associated with differences in virulence. Infection with more than one strain of CMV is possible and has been observed in organ transplant recipients. Dual infection is a possible explanation for congenital CMV infection in children of CMV-seropositive mothers.

• #17 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. […] CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. CMV may cycle through periods when it lies dormant and then reactivates. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant. […] When the virus is active in your body, you can pass the virus to other people. The virus is spread through body fluids including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, tears, semen and vaginal fluids. Casual contact doesn’t transmit CMV. […] Ways the virus can be transmitted include: Touching your eyes or the inside of your nose or mouth after coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person. Sexual contact with an infected person. The breast milk of an infected mother. Organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation or blood transfusions. Birth. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby before or during birth. The risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is higher if you become infected for the first time during pregnancy.

• #18 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection from a herpes virus. If you get infected shortly before or during pregnancy, you can give birth to a baby with congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause hearing loss and developmental issues. CMV can cause serious complications in people who have a compromised immune system, such as transplant recipients. […] CMV infections are caused by human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). It can prevent your organs from working properly, or from developing properly in a fetus. Because of the way the virus hides in your body, you can have symptoms when you’re initially infected (primary infection) or at a later time (reactivation). […] You get CMV from the body fluids of someone else who’s infected. This includes spit (saliva), pee (urine), blood, breast milk and semen. Common ways CMV transmits from person to person include: Through direct contact with pee and spit. Experts think this is the most common way that young children and pregnant women get the infection. […] CMV isn’t considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Sex can transmit CMV, but it’s not the most common way to get infected.

• #19 Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cytomegalovirus

  CMV is found in bodily fluids such as saliva, urine, semen, and others. […] The virus is easily spread in households and in daycare centers. […] It can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and to the baby during delivery or in breast milk. […] Data suggests these anti-viral agents can reduce hearing loss, CMV-related hepatitis, and CMV-related gastroenteritis in newborns. […] Because CMV could be a concern for newborn babies, doctors at Boston Children’s believe that diagnosis and treatment are most beneficial when they come early; these may include prenatal screening for infection and administering of anti-viral agents.

• #20 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection from a herpes virus. If you get infected shortly before or during pregnancy, you can give birth to a baby with congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause hearing loss and developmental issues. CMV can cause serious complications in people who have a compromised immune system, such as transplant recipients. […] CMV infections are caused by human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). It can prevent your organs from working properly, or from developing properly in a fetus. Because of the way the virus hides in your body, you can have symptoms when you’re initially infected (primary infection) or at a later time (reactivation). […] You get CMV from the body fluids of someone else who’s infected. This includes spit (saliva), pee (urine), blood, breast milk and semen. Common ways CMV transmits from person to person include: Through direct contact with pee and spit. Experts think this is the most common way that young children and pregnant women get the infection. […] CMV isn’t considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Sex can transmit CMV, but it’s not the most common way to get infected.

• #21 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/aids-hiv-opportunistic-infections-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is part of the herpesvirus family. This group of viruses also includes: […] All of these viruses can stay in your system for life in a hidden or inactive, form. They can stick around in your cells without making you sick or causing damage. But latent herpesviruses including CMV can be dormant for years and then reactivate.

• #22 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #23 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. […] CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. CMV may cycle through periods when it lies dormant and then reactivates. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant. […] When the virus is active in your body, you can pass the virus to other people. The virus is spread through body fluids including blood, urine, saliva, breast milk, tears, semen and vaginal fluids. Casual contact doesn’t transmit CMV. […] Ways the virus can be transmitted include: Touching your eyes or the inside of your nose or mouth after coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person. Sexual contact with an infected person. The breast milk of an infected mother. Organ, bone marrow or stem cell transplantation or blood transfusions. Birth. An infected mother can pass the virus to her baby before or during birth. The risk of transmitting the virus to your baby is higher if you become infected for the first time during pregnancy.

• #24 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  CMV is a member of the herpesvirus family, which includes: […] These viruses share a characteristic ability to establish lifelong latency. Once a person becomes infected, the virus remains latent and resides in cells without causing detectable damage or illness. […] CMV may reactivate occasionally. Reactivation of CMV infection rarely causes disease unless the persons immune system is suppressed due to therapeutic drugs or disease. […] For most people, CMV infection is not a serious health problem. However, certain groups are at high risk for serious complications from CMV infection: […] The risk of CMV complications to the fetus is greatest if a primary infection occurs during the first trimester. […] CMV is spread through: […] Although the virus is not highly contagious, it has been shown to spread among household members and young children in daycare centers.

• #25 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #26 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #27 Neurological Consequences of Cytomegalovirus Infection

  https://www.brainfacts.org/diseases-and-disorders/neurological-disorders-az/diseases-a-to-z-from-ninds/neurological-consequences-of-cytomegalovirus-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found throughout the world that infects between 50 to 80 percent of all adults in the United States by the age of 40. […] CMV is in the same family of viruses that causes cold sores (herpes simplex virus), infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus), and chickenpox/shingles (varicella zoster virus). […] A hallmark of CMV infection is that the virus cycles through periods of dormancy and active infection during the life of the individual. […] CMV is most commonly transmitted when infected body fluids come in contact with the mucous membranes of an uninfected person, but the virus can also pass from mother to fetus during pregnancy. […] Since the virus remains in the person for life, there is no treatment to eliminate CMV infection. […] CMV is the most common congenital infection in the U.S.

• #28 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus can cause serious illness in infants who are infected before birth. […] Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus infection with a wide range of symptoms: from no symptoms to fever and fatigue (resembling infectious mononucleosis) to severe symptoms involving the eyes, brain, or other internal organs. […] CMV may cause symptoms soon after infection. […] Serious infections typically develop only in infants infected before birth and in people with a weakened immune systemfor example, people with AIDS or those who have received an organ transplant. […] In people with a weakened immune system, disease often results from reactivation of the dormant virus. […] CMV infection may develop in people who receive a transfusion of infected blood or an infected organ transplant.

• #29 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Cytomegalovirus (pronounced sy-toe-MEG-a-low-vy-rus or CMV) is a common virus found in people of all ages. […] A healthy person’s immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness. […] Some babies born with CMV can have health problems at birth or that develop later. […] CMV is a common virus that infects people of all ages. […] Once CMV is in a persons body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. […] If you are pregnant and infected with CMV, you can pass CMV to your developing baby. […] When a baby is born with a CMV infection, it is called congenital CMV. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV infection. […] CMV is most common infectious cause of birth defects in the US. […] The virus can stay in a child’s body fluids for months after the infection.

• #30 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus can cause serious illness in infants who are infected before birth. […] Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus infection with a wide range of symptoms: from no symptoms to fever and fatigue (resembling infectious mononucleosis) to severe symptoms involving the eyes, brain, or other internal organs. […] CMV may cause symptoms soon after infection. […] Serious infections typically develop only in infants infected before birth and in people with a weakened immune systemfor example, people with AIDS or those who have received an organ transplant. […] In people with a weakened immune system, disease often results from reactivation of the dormant virus. […] CMV infection may develop in people who receive a transfusion of infected blood or an infected organ transplant.

• #31 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/cytomegalovirus-cmv-a-to-z

  This type of CMV infection causes as much serious disability as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and neural tube defects. […] People who have had an organ or bone marrow transplant and those with AIDS can develop serious illness caused by CMV. […] Typically, latent virus from a previous infection becomes active again because the person’s immune system is weakened. […] People with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of becoming very ill if they never had CMV in the past and acquire a new infection. […] Although there is no cure for CMV, organ transplant recipients, people with AIDS and others with immune disorders may need treatment to suppress the latent infection.

• #32 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/cytomegalovirus-cmv-a-to-z

  This type of CMV infection causes as much serious disability as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and neural tube defects. […] People who have had an organ or bone marrow transplant and those with AIDS can develop serious illness caused by CMV. […] Typically, latent virus from a previous infection becomes active again because the person’s immune system is weakened. […] People with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of becoming very ill if they never had CMV in the past and acquire a new infection. […] Although there is no cure for CMV, organ transplant recipients, people with AIDS and others with immune disorders may need treatment to suppress the latent infection.

• #33 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. CMV seroprevalence in immunocompetent adults varies from 40-100% globally. […] CMV usually causes an asymptomatic infection; afterward, it remains latent throughout life and may reactivate. Infection is defined as isolation of CMV, its viral proteins, or its nucleic acid from any tissue sample or body fluid. […] Clinically significant CMV disease (reactivation of previously latent infection or newly acquired infection) frequently develops in patients immunocompromised by HIV infection, solid-organ transplantation, or bone marrow transplantation, as well as in those receiving high-dose steroids, tumor necrosis antagonists, or other immunosuppressing medications for conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, or psoriasis, among others.

• #34 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/cytomegalovirus-cmv-a-to-z

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus. It is so common that almost all adults in developing countries and 50% to 85% of adults in the United States have been infected. […] Being infected with this virus can be serious and even fatal in some people, however, including: people receiving chemotherapy for cancer, people with diseases that suppress the immune system, such as AIDS, people who have received organ or bone marrow transplants, newborn babies of women infected with CMV during pregnancy. […] Women infected with CMV for the first time during pregnancy can pass the virus to their unborn babies in the womb. […] The virus can pass from person to person through close personal contact, sexual contact, blood transfusion or organ transplantation. […] Up to 40% of babies born to women who are newly infected with CMV during pregnancy will become infected.

• #35 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. CMV seroprevalence in immunocompetent adults varies from 40-100% globally. […] CMV usually causes an asymptomatic infection; afterward, it remains latent throughout life and may reactivate. Infection is defined as isolation of CMV, its viral proteins, or its nucleic acid from any tissue sample or body fluid. […] Clinically significant CMV disease (reactivation of previously latent infection or newly acquired infection) frequently develops in patients immunocompromised by HIV infection, solid-organ transplantation, or bone marrow transplantation, as well as in those receiving high-dose steroids, tumor necrosis antagonists, or other immunosuppressing medications for conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, or psoriasis, among others.

• #36 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that’s usually harmless. Sometimes it causes problems in babies and people with a weakened immune system. […] Congenital CMV is caused by passing on an active CMV infection to your unborn baby during pregnancy.

• #37 Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection: Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/congenital-cytomegalovirus-infection-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is common worldwide. It is the leading cause of nonheritable sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and can cause other long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, vision impairment, and seizures. […] The clinical features and diagnosis of cCMV will be reviewed here. […] Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy.

• #38 Congenital and Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/congenital-and-perinatal-cytomegalovirus-infection-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently isolated from neonates. Although most infants shedding this virus are asymptomatic, others have life-threatening illness and devastating long-term sequelae. […] Congenital CMV infection, which occurs in approximately 5 in 1000 live births worldwide, may result from transplacental acquisition of either a primary or recurrent maternal infection. […] Perinatal CMV infection is acquired by exposure to infected cervical fluid, human milk, or blood products. […] Maternal antibody is thought to be protective, and most exposed term infants are asymptomatic or not infected. […] In contrast, preterm infants (who have received less maternal antibody to CMV) can develop serious infection or can die, particularly when transfused with CMV-positive blood. […] Symptomatic neonates have a mortality rate of up to 5 to 10%. […] Approximately 30 to 65% of survivors of symptomatic congenital CMV develop sensorineural hearing loss. […] Among asymptomatic neonates, 5 to 15% eventually develop neurologic sequelae; hearing loss is the most common. […] Vaccines to prevent congenital CMV infection are in development.

• #39 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  A pregnant woman can pass CMV to their baby following a: […] Risk of transmission for primary infection is 30 to 40% in the first and second trimesters, and 40 to 70% in the third trimester. The risk of transmission following non-primary infection is much lower (3%). […] Most healthy people, children, and infants who acquire CMV after birth have few symptoms and no long-term health complications from infection. […] About 40 to 60% of infants born with signs of congenital CMV disease at birth will have long-term health problems. […] CMV is common in children and can be found in especially high amounts in young children’s saliva and urine. Avoiding contact with saliva and urine from young children might reduce the risk of CMV infection. […] Antiviral medications such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir may improve hearing and developmental outcomes in newborns with signs of congenital CMV.

• #40 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  A pregnant woman can pass CMV to their baby following a: […] Risk of transmission for primary infection is 30 to 40% in the first and second trimesters, and 40 to 70% in the third trimester. The risk of transmission following non-primary infection is much lower (3%). […] Most healthy people, children, and infants who acquire CMV after birth have few symptoms and no long-term health complications from infection. […] About 40 to 60% of infants born with signs of congenital CMV disease at birth will have long-term health problems. […] CMV is common in children and can be found in especially high amounts in young children’s saliva and urine. Avoiding contact with saliva and urine from young children might reduce the risk of CMV infection. […] Antiviral medications such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir may improve hearing and developmental outcomes in newborns with signs of congenital CMV.

• #41 Causes of CMV in pregnancy

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/cytomegalovirus-pregnancy/causes/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be spread through body fluids, including: […] CMV can only be spread when it is active. This means that the virus is replicating inside you and it can be shed in your saliva urine. […] The chance of developing a primary CMV infection during pregnancy and your baby being infected is low. If you do develop a primary CMV infection during your pregnancy, there is a 4 in 10 chance your baby will be infected. […] You may have a reinfection or reactivated CMV infection during your pregnancy. If so, there is a low chance (1 in 100) of your baby being infected.

• #42 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  CMV is a member of the herpesvirus family, which includes: […] These viruses share a characteristic ability to establish lifelong latency. Once a person becomes infected, the virus remains latent and resides in cells without causing detectable damage or illness. […] CMV may reactivate occasionally. Reactivation of CMV infection rarely causes disease unless the persons immune system is suppressed due to therapeutic drugs or disease. […] For most people, CMV infection is not a serious health problem. However, certain groups are at high risk for serious complications from CMV infection: […] The risk of CMV complications to the fetus is greatest if a primary infection occurs during the first trimester. […] CMV is spread through: […] Although the virus is not highly contagious, it has been shown to spread among household members and young children in daycare centers.

• #43

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/cmv-and-pregnancy.aspx

  The highest risk to the unborn baby occurs when a woman who has never had CMV before is infected with the virus for the first time during pregnancy (primary CMV infection) and when infection occurs during the first half of the pregnancy. […] Infection during one pregnancy does not increase the risk for subsequent pregnancies. […] However, if primary infection occurs, consideration should be given to waiting for at least 12 months before becoming pregnant again. […] Studies in Australia have shown that out of 1,000 live births, about 6 infants will have congenital CMV infection and 1-2 of those 6 infants (about 1 in 1000 infants overall) will have permanent disabilities of varying degree. […] Sometimes, the virus may reactivate while a woman is pregnant but reactivation does not usually cause problems to the woman or her unborn baby.

• #44 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (also called CMV) is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. […] CMV is the leading cause of hearing loss in this country, causing 1 in 3 cases of hearing loss. […] CMV is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. One in 3 pregnant people passes the infection on to their babies. If you have CMV during pregnancy, the virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby. […] When a baby gets CMV during pregnancy, its called congenital CMV. Congenital means that its present at birth. One in 200 babies in the U.S. is born with CMV. […] Youre more likely to pass CMV to your baby if you get infected during pregnancy than if you had an infection before you got pregnant. If you have a CMV infection during pregnancy, you have a 1-in-3 chance (33 percent) of passing it to your baby.

• #45 Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus group of infections. Like herpes, it is inactive at times, but it is an incurable life-time infection. CMV is a major concern if a mother becomes first infected while pregnant. […] About 1 to 4 percent of women first become infected while pregnant. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 to 4 percent of women first become infected with CMV during pregnancy. […] With a first infection during pregnancy, there is a higher risk that after birth the baby may have CMV-related complications. […] Although CMV may be transmitted at delivery or through breast milk, these infections usually do not cause illness in a full-term baby. Premature babies, however, are at greater risk for health complications from CMV transmission through breast milk.

• #46 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  A pregnant woman who has a primary CMV infection during pregnancy is more likely to pass CMV to the fetus than someone who has a subsequent infection during pregnancy. […] However, in the United States, 50 to 75% of congenital CMV infections occur among infants born to mothers who were infected with CMV before they became pregnant. […] Routine screening for primary CMV infection during pregnancy is not recommended in the United States. […] Most laboratory tests currently available to identify a first-time infection can be difficult to interpret. […] Current tests cannot predict if the fetus may become infected or harmed by infection. […] The lack of a proven treatment to prevent or treat infection of the fetus reduces the potential benefits of prenatal screening. […] CMV is the most common infectious cause of birth defects in the United States. It can spread through body fluids like saliva and urine, especially by children.

• #47 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #48 Partners in Care | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is treated in the…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection

  If your test results are positive, your fetal medicine specialist may suggest that an amniocentesis be performed using a test known as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine if a CMV infection is present. […] Treating the pregnant mother with a high dose of Valtrex, a drug used to treat genital herpes, has been associated with a 50% increase in the chance of the newborn not showing any signs of CMV. […] In approximately 90% of fetal infections with CMV, the newborn is asymptomatic (does not show signs of infection). 85% of these newborns have a normal outcome. In 15% of cases, developmental problems can occur, most often involving hearing loss.

• #49 Congenital and Perinatal Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/infections-in-neonates/congenital-and-perinatal-cytomegalovirus-infection-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently isolated from neonates. Although most infants shedding this virus are asymptomatic, others have life-threatening illness and devastating long-term sequelae. […] Congenital CMV infection, which occurs in approximately 5 in 1000 live births worldwide, may result from transplacental acquisition of either a primary or recurrent maternal infection. […] Perinatal CMV infection is acquired by exposure to infected cervical fluid, human milk, or blood products. […] Maternal antibody is thought to be protective, and most exposed term infants are asymptomatic or not infected. […] In contrast, preterm infants (who have received less maternal antibody to CMV) can develop serious infection or can die, particularly when transfused with CMV-positive blood. […] Symptomatic neonates have a mortality rate of up to 5 to 10%. […] Approximately 30 to 65% of survivors of symptomatic congenital CMV develop sensorineural hearing loss. […] Among asymptomatic neonates, 5 to 15% eventually develop neurologic sequelae; hearing loss is the most common. […] Vaccines to prevent congenital CMV infection are in development.

• #50 Clinical Overview of CMV and Congenital CMV | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  A pregnant woman can pass CMV to their baby following a: […] Risk of transmission for primary infection is 30 to 40% in the first and second trimesters, and 40 to 70% in the third trimester. The risk of transmission following non-primary infection is much lower (3%). […] Most healthy people, children, and infants who acquire CMV after birth have few symptoms and no long-term health complications from infection. […] About 40 to 60% of infants born with signs of congenital CMV disease at birth will have long-term health problems. […] CMV is common in children and can be found in especially high amounts in young children’s saliva and urine. Avoiding contact with saliva and urine from young children might reduce the risk of CMV infection. […] Antiviral medications such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir may improve hearing and developmental outcomes in newborns with signs of congenital CMV.

• #51 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #52 Cytomegalovirus childhood deafness | Deafness caused by CMV

  https://www.ndcs.org.uk/information-and-support/childhood-deafness/causes-of-deafness/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Babies with cCMV might be born deaf, or they might lose their hearing later in life. […] Deafness is more common in babies with symptomatic cCMV. […] cCMV causes sensorineural deafness, which affects the cochlea (inner ear). This type of deafness is permanent and can affect one or both ears. […] cCMV may also affect the balance organs in a child’s inner ear, their hearing nerve, or more rarely their ability to interpret sound (auditory processing disorder (APD)). […] Babies younger than four weeks old who show signs of symptomatic cCMV, and babies with cCMV who’ve been identified as deaf, may be offered antiviral drugs to stop the virus from multiplying.

• #53 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #54 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #55 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #56 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #57 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Most babies born with CMV never show signs of the disease and dont have health problems. […] However, babies who are infected with CMV at birth may have long-term health problems, including: Hearing loss, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Coordination issues or muscle weakness, Smaller than expected head (called microcephaly), Seizures or convulsions, Vision loss. […] About 1 in 200 babies (less than 1 percent) is born with congenital CMV in this country each year. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications.

• #58 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus can cause serious illness in infants who are infected before birth. […] Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus infection with a wide range of symptoms: from no symptoms to fever and fatigue (resembling infectious mononucleosis) to severe symptoms involving the eyes, brain, or other internal organs. […] CMV may cause symptoms soon after infection. […] Serious infections typically develop only in infants infected before birth and in people with a weakened immune systemfor example, people with AIDS or those who have received an organ transplant. […] In people with a weakened immune system, disease often results from reactivation of the dormant virus. […] CMV infection may develop in people who receive a transfusion of infected blood or an infected organ transplant.

• #59 Cytomegalovirus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0201/p519.html

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent viral pathogen. The majority of persons with acute CMV will experience an inapparent infection. Primary CMV infection will cause up to 7 percent of cases of mononucleosis syndrome and will manifest symptoms almost indistinguishable from those of Epstein-Barr virus-induced mononucleosis. […] CMV is a member of the Herpesviridae family, which includes the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus, varicellazoster virus, and herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8. […] Initial infection in newborns and reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised persons can result in severe pathology. CMV also is a serious pathogen in patients who have received an organ transplant. […] The second most common context in which a family physician will encounter the clinical sequelae of CMV infection is in patients with HIV who have a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 50 per mm3 (50 106 per L). In the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV was the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV patients. CMV-induced end-organ damage, mostly in the form of retinitis, manifested in 21 to 45 percent of such patients. […] CMV is a problematic infection in many transplant patients. Seronegative patients can acquire the infection from organ donors. CMV-related disease processes manifest differently depending on which organ is transplanted.

• #60 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  The presence of CMV in body fluids and tissues does not always indicate disease and may merely represent viral shedding. […] CMV disease can be caused by reactivation of the virus, as in people with a weakened immune system. […] Treating people who have HIV/AIDS with medications used to control HIV (antiretroviral medications) helps protect against CMV infection.

• #61 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). It is the largest (220 nm in diameter) and most complex herpesvirus, with a 235,000 double-stranded DNA genome. CMV seroprevalence in immunocompetent adults varies from 40-100% globally. […] CMV usually causes an asymptomatic infection; afterward, it remains latent throughout life and may reactivate. Infection is defined as isolation of CMV, its viral proteins, or its nucleic acid from any tissue sample or body fluid. […] Clinically significant CMV disease (reactivation of previously latent infection or newly acquired infection) frequently develops in patients immunocompromised by HIV infection, solid-organ transplantation, or bone marrow transplantation, as well as in those receiving high-dose steroids, tumor necrosis antagonists, or other immunosuppressing medications for conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, or psoriasis, among others.

• #62 Cytomegalovirus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0201/p519.html

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent viral pathogen. The majority of persons with acute CMV will experience an inapparent infection. Primary CMV infection will cause up to 7 percent of cases of mononucleosis syndrome and will manifest symptoms almost indistinguishable from those of Epstein-Barr virus-induced mononucleosis. […] CMV is a member of the Herpesviridae family, which includes the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus, varicellazoster virus, and herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8. […] Initial infection in newborns and reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised persons can result in severe pathology. CMV also is a serious pathogen in patients who have received an organ transplant. […] The second most common context in which a family physician will encounter the clinical sequelae of CMV infection is in patients with HIV who have a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 50 per mm3 (50 106 per L). In the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV was the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV patients. CMV-induced end-organ damage, mostly in the form of retinitis, manifested in 21 to 45 percent of such patients. […] CMV is a problematic infection in many transplant patients. Seronegative patients can acquire the infection from organ donors. CMV-related disease processes manifest differently depending on which organ is transplanted.

• #63 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  The major risk factor for CMV pneumonia is a CMV-seronegative transplant recipient receiving a CMV-seropositive organ. […] Because of the multiple human strains of CMV, seropositive organ recipients are at risk of re-infection with a different strain of virus. […] CMV can cause very serious infection in HIV-positive people. […] CMV may cause disease in the peripheral and central nervous system. […] The prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis is generally good. Most patients recover completely. […] CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants once carried a very high mortality rate but the use of ganciclovir plus high-dose immunoglobulin for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants has lowered the mortality rate considerably. […] CMV has been implicated in the development of a variety of different cancers.

• #64 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  The presence of CMV in body fluids and tissues does not always indicate disease and may merely represent viral shedding. […] CMV disease can be caused by reactivation of the virus, as in people with a weakened immune system. […] Treating people who have HIV/AIDS with medications used to control HIV (antiretroviral medications) helps protect against CMV infection.

• #65 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  CMV is transmitted from person to person via close contact with an individual who is excreting the virus. It can be spread through the placenta, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and breast milk. It also can be spread through sexual transmission. […] Multiple genetically distinct strains of CMV exist. Differences in genotypes may be associated with differences in virulence. Infection with more than one strain of CMV is possible and has been observed in organ transplant recipients. Dual infection is a possible explanation for congenital CMV infection in children of CMV-seropositive mothers.

• #66 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  The major risk factor for CMV pneumonia is a CMV-seronegative transplant recipient receiving a CMV-seropositive organ. […] Because of the multiple human strains of CMV, seropositive organ recipients are at risk of re-infection with a different strain of virus. […] CMV can cause very serious infection in HIV-positive people. […] CMV may cause disease in the peripheral and central nervous system. […] The prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis is generally good. Most patients recover completely. […] CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants once carried a very high mortality rate but the use of ganciclovir plus high-dose immunoglobulin for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants has lowered the mortality rate considerably. […] CMV has been implicated in the development of a variety of different cancers.

• #67 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpes family. […] In susceptible people, such as those with suppressed immunity or unborn babies, CMV can be a dangerous infection. […] This viral infection can be spread through coughing, contact with blood, urine or faeces, or via the mucous membranes, such as the mouth and genitals. […] In certain people, however, including transplant patients and pregnant women, the effects can be much more serious. […] Once a person has contracted CMV, they will carry it for life. […] Women can catch CMV during pregnancy and pass it on to their baby this is called congenital CMV. […] Around one in ten infected babies will have lasting problems. […] People with compromised immune systems, such as people receiving organ transplants, and people receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS or cancer are at increased risk of serious complications of CMV. […] The drugs that suppress transplant rejection also reduce the ability of the immune system to fight viruses, so a CMV infection can be much more serious.

• #68 Cytomegalovirus encephalitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cytomegalovirus-encephalitis?lang=us

  Cytomegalovirus is a DNA virus belonging to the herpesviruses group, and is also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). It is found in all geographic locations and socioeconomic groups, and infects between 50-80% of adults in the United States as indicated by the presence of antibodies in much of the general population. […] Typically, before CMV infections become clinically apparent the patient’s CD4+ count typically reaches below 50/mm3. CMV infects the entire neuraxis (brain, spinal cord, meninges, nerve roots, eye) and therefore has variable presentation.

• #69 Cytomegalovirus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0201/p519.html

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent viral pathogen. The majority of persons with acute CMV will experience an inapparent infection. Primary CMV infection will cause up to 7 percent of cases of mononucleosis syndrome and will manifest symptoms almost indistinguishable from those of Epstein-Barr virus-induced mononucleosis. […] CMV is a member of the Herpesviridae family, which includes the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus, varicellazoster virus, and herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8. […] Initial infection in newborns and reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised persons can result in severe pathology. CMV also is a serious pathogen in patients who have received an organ transplant. […] The second most common context in which a family physician will encounter the clinical sequelae of CMV infection is in patients with HIV who have a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 50 per mm3 (50 106 per L). In the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV was the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV patients. CMV-induced end-organ damage, mostly in the form of retinitis, manifested in 21 to 45 percent of such patients. […] CMV is a problematic infection in many transplant patients. Seronegative patients can acquire the infection from organ donors. CMV-related disease processes manifest differently depending on which organ is transplanted.

• #70 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Complications are therefore mainly seen if the immune system is immature, or is suppressed by drug treatment or co-infection with other pathogens. […] Clinically significant CMV disease frequently develops in patients immunocompromised as a result of HIV, solid organ transplantation and bone-marrow transplantation. […] Primary CMV infection of the immunocompromised host may cause disease in almost every organ of the body – eg, pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis, colitis, uveitis, retinitis and neuropathy. […] Worldwide estimates of CMV infection prevalence vary from 50% to over 70% of all adults. […] Most HIV-infected individuals are seropositive for CMV. HIV infection accelerates the development of CMV-dependent immunological abnormalities. […] CMV is the most common congenitally acquired infection in the developed world.

• #71 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  The presence of CMV in body fluids and tissues does not always indicate disease and may merely represent viral shedding. […] CMV disease can be caused by reactivation of the virus, as in people with a weakened immune system. […] Treating people who have HIV/AIDS with medications used to control HIV (antiretroviral medications) helps protect against CMV infection.

• #72 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #73 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #74 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and then the esophagus, are common sites of CMV infection. […] The role of CMV in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a topic of debate; whether the CMV reactivation is responsible for the exacerbation of the disease in patients with established inflammatory bowel disease, or the reactivation is a consequence of the disease or treatment, and the possibility that CMV acts as an innocent bystander. […] In addition to inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease, studies have shown that immunosuppression due to high-dose systemic corticosteroids is associated with CMV colitis in patients with active ulcerative colitis. […] The diagnosis of CMV colitis requires histological examination of biopsy tissues taken from the ulcer edge or base.

• #75 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #76 CMV Retinitis – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/CMV_Retinitis

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infection that can lead to blindness. […] CMV retinitis is caused by cytomegalovirus, a double stranded DNA virus in the herpes viridae family. […] It is often associated with HIV/AIDS and was extremely rare prior to the AIDS epidemic. […] With the advent of antiretroviral therapies, the incidence of CMV retinitis has decreased by 90% in AIDS population. […] Risk factors include HIV, CD4 count less than 50, or severe systemic immunosuppression. […] CMV reaches the retina hematogenously and infects the vascular endothelium which then spreads to the retinal cells. […] CMV retinitis can become drug resistant the longer the duration of treatment lasts. […] CMV mutations in UL54 or UL97 genes cause ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir resistance.

• #77 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #78 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #79 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #80 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and then the esophagus, are common sites of CMV infection. […] The role of CMV in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a topic of debate; whether the CMV reactivation is responsible for the exacerbation of the disease in patients with established inflammatory bowel disease, or the reactivation is a consequence of the disease or treatment, and the possibility that CMV acts as an innocent bystander. […] In addition to inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease, studies have shown that immunosuppression due to high-dose systemic corticosteroids is associated with CMV colitis in patients with active ulcerative colitis. […] The diagnosis of CMV colitis requires histological examination of biopsy tissues taken from the ulcer edge or base.

• #81 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] After initial infection, human CMV remains in a persistent state within the host. Immunity against the virus controls replication, although intermittent viral shedding can still take place in the immunocompetent person.

• #82 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and then the esophagus, are common sites of CMV infection. […] The role of CMV in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a topic of debate; whether the CMV reactivation is responsible for the exacerbation of the disease in patients with established inflammatory bowel disease, or the reactivation is a consequence of the disease or treatment, and the possibility that CMV acts as an innocent bystander. […] In addition to inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease, studies have shown that immunosuppression due to high-dose systemic corticosteroids is associated with CMV colitis in patients with active ulcerative colitis. […] The diagnosis of CMV colitis requires histological examination of biopsy tissues taken from the ulcer edge or base.

• #83 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and then the esophagus, are common sites of CMV infection. […] The role of CMV in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a topic of debate; whether the CMV reactivation is responsible for the exacerbation of the disease in patients with established inflammatory bowel disease, or the reactivation is a consequence of the disease or treatment, and the possibility that CMV acts as an innocent bystander. […] In addition to inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease, studies have shown that immunosuppression due to high-dose systemic corticosteroids is associated with CMV colitis in patients with active ulcerative colitis. […] The diagnosis of CMV colitis requires histological examination of biopsy tissues taken from the ulcer edge or base.

• #84 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and then the esophagus, are common sites of CMV infection. […] The role of CMV in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a topic of debate; whether the CMV reactivation is responsible for the exacerbation of the disease in patients with established inflammatory bowel disease, or the reactivation is a consequence of the disease or treatment, and the possibility that CMV acts as an innocent bystander. […] In addition to inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease, studies have shown that immunosuppression due to high-dose systemic corticosteroids is associated with CMV colitis in patients with active ulcerative colitis. […] The diagnosis of CMV colitis requires histological examination of biopsy tissues taken from the ulcer edge or base.

• #85 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon and then the esophagus, are common sites of CMV infection. […] The role of CMV in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is a topic of debate; whether the CMV reactivation is responsible for the exacerbation of the disease in patients with established inflammatory bowel disease, or the reactivation is a consequence of the disease or treatment, and the possibility that CMV acts as an innocent bystander. […] In addition to inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease, studies have shown that immunosuppression due to high-dose systemic corticosteroids is associated with CMV colitis in patients with active ulcerative colitis. […] The diagnosis of CMV colitis requires histological examination of biopsy tissues taken from the ulcer edge or base.

• #86 Cytomegalovirus Colitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542231/

  CMV colitis should be a consideration in the differential diagnosis not only in immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent patients, particularly elderly presenting with hematochezia, who have comorbidities, are admitted to the intensive care unit or are treated with corticosteroids or red blood transfusion. […] CMV infection, including CMV colitis, is also a significant problem in patients after solid organ transplantation or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. […] The prevalence of CMV assessed by serology in the general population is 70% in adults and 100% in poor communities and developing countries. […] The prevalence of CMV infection in severe acute colitis ranges from 21% to 34%. […] CMV reactivation in patients with severe ulcerative colitis is reported to have a prevalence of 4.5% to 16.6% and as high as 25% in patients requiring colectomy for severe colitis.

• #87 Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV): Symptoms & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection/

  There is some evidence that CMV infection can have long-term health effects in some people who are chronically infected. These include: Atherosclerosis, Immunosenescence (premature aging of the immune system), Increased risk of malignancy, such as cancer, Increased risk of vascular diseases, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. […] The virus remains in the body after infection and may reactivate in the future if the immune system becomes weakened. […] CMV infection is one of the most common congenital (acquired before birth) infections in the developed world and, although most cases are symptomless, it can be quite severe and even fatal if not treated promptly. […] The virus can cross the placenta during pregnancy or delivery, or may be passed on to the baby through breast milk.

• #88 Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV): Symptoms & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection/

  There is some evidence that CMV infection can have long-term health effects in some people who are chronically infected. These include: Atherosclerosis, Immunosenescence (premature aging of the immune system), Increased risk of malignancy, such as cancer, Increased risk of vascular diseases, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. […] The virus remains in the body after infection and may reactivate in the future if the immune system becomes weakened. […] CMV infection is one of the most common congenital (acquired before birth) infections in the developed world and, although most cases are symptomless, it can be quite severe and even fatal if not treated promptly. […] The virus can cross the placenta during pregnancy or delivery, or may be passed on to the baby through breast milk.

• #89 Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV): Symptoms & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection/

  There is some evidence that CMV infection can have long-term health effects in some people who are chronically infected. These include: Atherosclerosis, Immunosenescence (premature aging of the immune system), Increased risk of malignancy, such as cancer, Increased risk of vascular diseases, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. […] The virus remains in the body after infection and may reactivate in the future if the immune system becomes weakened. […] CMV infection is one of the most common congenital (acquired before birth) infections in the developed world and, although most cases are symptomless, it can be quite severe and even fatal if not treated promptly. […] The virus can cross the placenta during pregnancy or delivery, or may be passed on to the baby through breast milk.

• #90 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #91 Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMV): Symptoms & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection/

  There is some evidence that CMV infection can have long-term health effects in some people who are chronically infected. These include: Atherosclerosis, Immunosenescence (premature aging of the immune system), Increased risk of malignancy, such as cancer, Increased risk of vascular diseases, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. […] The virus remains in the body after infection and may reactivate in the future if the immune system becomes weakened. […] CMV infection is one of the most common congenital (acquired before birth) infections in the developed world and, although most cases are symptomless, it can be quite severe and even fatal if not treated promptly. […] The virus can cross the placenta during pregnancy or delivery, or may be passed on to the baby through breast milk.

• #92 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. Human cytomegalovirus is a member of the viral family known as herpesviruses, Herpesviridae, or human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). […] CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the herpesviruses. Like other herpesviruses, after recovery of the initial infection, CMV remains dormant within the host. Viral reactivation occurs during the compromise of the immune system with immunosuppression. […] CMV infects between 60% to 70% of adults in industrialized countries and close to 100% in emerging countries. Of all herpes viruses, CMV harbors the largest number of genes dedicated to evading innate and adaptive immunity in the host. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer.

• #93 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  CMV is transmitted from person to person via close contact with an individual who is excreting the virus. It can be spread through the placenta, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and breast milk. It also can be spread through sexual transmission. […] Multiple genetically distinct strains of CMV exist. Differences in genotypes may be associated with differences in virulence. Infection with more than one strain of CMV is possible and has been observed in organ transplant recipients. Dual infection is a possible explanation for congenital CMV infection in children of CMV-seropositive mothers.

• #94 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  CMV is transmitted from person to person via close contact with an individual who is excreting the virus. It can be spread through the placenta, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and breast milk. It also can be spread through sexual transmission. […] Multiple genetically distinct strains of CMV exist. Differences in genotypes may be associated with differences in virulence. Infection with more than one strain of CMV is possible and has been observed in organ transplant recipients. Dual infection is a possible explanation for congenital CMV infection in children of CMV-seropositive mothers.

• #95 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-overview

  CMV is transmitted from person to person via close contact with an individual who is excreting the virus. It can be spread through the placenta, blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and breast milk. It also can be spread through sexual transmission. […] Multiple genetically distinct strains of CMV exist. Differences in genotypes may be associated with differences in virulence. Infection with more than one strain of CMV is possible and has been observed in organ transplant recipients. Dual infection is a possible explanation for congenital CMV infection in children of CMV-seropositive mothers.

• #96 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  The major risk factor for CMV pneumonia is a CMV-seronegative transplant recipient receiving a CMV-seropositive organ. […] Because of the multiple human strains of CMV, seropositive organ recipients are at risk of re-infection with a different strain of virus. […] CMV can cause very serious infection in HIV-positive people. […] CMV may cause disease in the peripheral and central nervous system. […] The prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis is generally good. Most patients recover completely. […] CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants once carried a very high mortality rate but the use of ganciclovir plus high-dose immunoglobulin for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants has lowered the mortality rate considerably. […] CMV has been implicated in the development of a variety of different cancers.

• #97 Vaccine Shows Promise Against CMV, a Virus that Causes Birth Defects | Newsroom | Weill Cornell Medicine

  https://news.weill.cornell.edu/news/2024/02/vaccine-shows-promise-against-cmv-a-virus-that-causes-birth-defects

  The virus rarely causes serious illness in healthy adults, but it can cause birth defects and brain damage in newborns infected in utero and deadly infections in immune-compromised adults. […] It is the most common congenital infection worldwide, explained Dr. Permar. […] The mRNA vaccine triggered immune cells to produce neutralizing antibodies that block the entry of the virus into a cell, which prevents viral replication. […] The Moderna vaccine has moved on to the first ever phase 3 clinical study for a CMV vaccine candidate, which will help determine if these differences in immune responses will lead to stronger protection against CMV. […] After more than 50 years of research, we are closer than ever to having a licensed CMV vaccine, Dr. Permar said.

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