Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. Most people don’t know they have cytomegalovirus (CMV) because it rarely causes problems in healthy people. […] If you’re pregnant or if your immune system is weakened, CMV is cause for concern. Women who develop an active CMV infection during pregnancy can pass the virus to their babies, who might then experience symptoms. For people who have weakened immune systems, especially people who have had an organ, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, CMV infection can be fatal. […] Most healthy people who are infected with CMV may experience no symptoms. Some experience minor symptoms. People who are more likely to experience signs and symptoms of CMV include: Newborns who became infected with CMV before they were born (congenital CMV). Infants who become infected during birth or shortly afterward (perinatal CMV). This group includes babies infected through breast milk.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an illness you get from a herpes virus (an organism that uses your cells to make more copies of itself). Many people will get infected in their lifetime, but most will have mild or no symptoms. CMV can cause serious complications in people living with a compromised immune system. […] If you’re pregnant, you can pass CMV to the fetus, which can cause congenital CMV. Congenital CMV is a condition that’s present at birth and can lead to hearing loss or developmental issues. […] While CMV can infect anyone, most people won’t have symptoms. CMV is most dangerous in pregnancy and for those with weakened immune systems, like people living with HIV or those who’ve had an organ or stem cell transplant. […] If you get cytomegalovirus during pregnancy or shortly before getting pregnant, you can pass the virus through the placenta to the fetus. This increases the risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and your child being born with health issues. Complications of being born with CMV include vision or hearing loss and developmental delays.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Once a person has contracted CMV, they will carry it for life. This is because the virus lies dormant inside the body and may or may not reactivate itself at any time. […] Around one in ten infected babies will have lasting problems. These can include deafness, poor eyesight, intellectual disability, an enlarged liver or spleen, and a small head. […] People with compromised immune systems, such as people receiving organ transplants, and people receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS or cancer are at increased risk of serious complications of CMV. […] Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. In a healthy person, bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids and medical supervision are all that is generally required. Pregnant women and patients with suppressed immunity need careful medical monitoring and frequent testing, including blood, sputum and urine tests. Antiviral medication may be prescribed.

• #4 Cytomegalovirus: Symptoms, treatments, and types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173811

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes virus. Infection can cause flu-like symptoms, although it is often symptomless. In people with weakened immune systems, it can reactivate and affect the eyes, lungs, liver, and other organs. It can pass on to a fetus during pregnancy, which can lead to complications. […] The symptoms will depend on the type of CMV. […] Most people with acquired CMV have no noticeable symptoms, but if symptoms do occur, they may include: fever, night sweats, tiredness and uneasiness, sore throat, swollen glands, joint and muscle pain, low appetite and weight loss. Symptoms will generally go away after 2 weeks. […] Symptoms of recurring CMV vary, depending on which organs the virus has affected. Areas likely to be affected are the eyes, lungs, or digestive system. Symptoms may include: fever, diarrhea, gastrointestinal ulcerations, and gastrointestinal bleeding, shortness of breath, pneumonia with hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen, mouth ulcers that can be large, problems with vision, including floaters, blind spots, and blurred vision, hepatitis, or inflamed liver, with prolonged fever, encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain, leading to behavioral changes, seizures, and even coma. A person with a weakened immune system who experiences any of these symptoms should seek medical attention.

• #5 Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus. […] Many people are exposed to CMV early in life, but do not realize it because they have no symptoms, or they have mild symptoms that resemble the common cold or flu. These may include: Enlarged lymph nodes, especially in the neck, Fever, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Malaise, Muscle aches, Rash, Sore throat. […] CMV can cause infections in different parts of the body. Symptoms vary depending on the area that is affected. Examples of body areas that can be infected by CMV are: The lungs, The stomach or intestine, The back of the eye (retina), A baby while still in the womb (congenital CMV). […] The outcome is good with treatment. The symptoms may be relieved in a few weeks to months.

• #6 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/c/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Most people infected with CMV show no signs or symptoms. Thats because a healthy persons immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness. […] Some people get symptoms similar to the flu or glandular fever the first time they catch CMV, including: a high temperature of 38C or more, aching muscles, tiredness, feeling sick, sore throat, swollen glands. […] If you do have symptoms, they normally get better on their own within about 3 weeks. Its rare to get symptoms again unless your immune system becomes weakened, eg, due to organ transplant or chemotherapy. It can also be reactivated during pregnancy. […] If you have a weakened immune system and get CMV, you can have more serious symptoms affecting your eyes, lungs, liver, oesophagus, stomach and intestines. […] A small number of babies with congenital CMV are sick at birth and have significant signs and symptoms. These include: premature birth, low birth weight, yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), enlarged and poorly functioning liver, purple skin splotches or a rash or both, abnormally small head (microencephaly), enlarged spleen, pneumonia, seizures. […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth may have long-term health problems, eg, hearing loss, developmental and motor delay, and vision loss.

• #7 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) does not usually cause any symptoms and most people do not realise they have it. […] Some people get flu-like symptoms the first time they get CMV, including: a high temperature, aching muscles, tiredness, a skin rash, feeling sick, a sore throat, swollen glands. […] They usually get better without treatment within about 3 weeks. […] Most babies with congenital CMV do not have any symptoms. […] But congenital CMV can sometimes cause problems, including: a rash, yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), a low birth weight, a smaller head than usual (microcephaly), seizures (fits), hearing problems in 1 or both ears, problems with the eyes, problems with the liver and spleen. […] If cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not causing symptoms, you or your baby may not need any treatment. […] There’s currently no treatment for CMV in pregnancy, but in most cases the virus does not cause any problems. […] Treatment weakens the virus and lowers the chance of serious problems, but it does not cure the CMV infection.

• #8 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cytomegalovirus.html

  Most people infected with CMV have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. […] Any symptoms it does cause usually are mild and temporary. […] The symptoms of a congenital CMV infection vary. Most babies infected before birth usually show no symptoms after delivery. […] These babies are also at risk for hearing, vision, neurological, and developmental problems. […] CMV infections that happen in kids after the newborn period usually don’t cause serious illness. […] Older kids and teens who are infected may have mono-like symptoms, including tiredness, muscle aches, headache, fever, and an enlarged liver and spleen. […] CMV can cause serious infections in people who have had organ transplants or those with weak immune systems. […] A serious CMV infection before birth may cause lifelong developmental problems. […] But cytomegalovirus infection in teens may last only 2 to 3 weeks and cause no lasting problems. […] In people with very weak immune systems (such as people who have AIDS or who get chemotherapy), the reactivated virus may cause serious illness.

• #9 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Most people with CMV show no signs or symptoms and aren’t aware that they have been infected. […] Sometimes, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness like fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen glands. […] Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problems). […] If you have a weakened immune system and get CMV, you can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes; lungs; liver; esophagus; stomach; and intestines. […] Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with CMV infection is hearing loss. This may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV infection. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have birth defects or other long-term health problems.

• #10 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  If you have a weakened immune system (immunocompromised), you might get a new CMV infection or have a previous infection that reactivates when your body is no longer able to fight it off easily. Symptoms depend on what part of your body the virus infects and could include: Fever, Fatigue, CMV pneumonitis (shortness of breath, cough, muscle aches, weakness), CMV retinitis (blurry vision or loss of vision), CMV gastritis or colitis (stomach pain, blood in your poop, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), CMV encephalitis (seizures, headaches, confusion). […] Congenital (present at birth) CMV is when the virus passes through the placenta to the fetus. Some babies won’t have any symptoms at birth but go on to develop certain symptoms later on. Symptoms present at birth include: Low birth weight or poor weight gain, Anemia, Yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice), Red spots of blood under the skin that look like a rash (purpura or petechiae), Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), Small head size (microcephaly), Seizures, Hearing loss, Delays or differences in motor skill development.

• #11 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Most people with CMV show no signs or symptoms and aren’t aware that they have been infected. […] Sometimes, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness like fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen glands. […] Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problems). […] If you have a weakened immune system and get CMV, you can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes; lungs; liver; esophagus; stomach; and intestines. […] Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with CMV infection is hearing loss. This may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV infection. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have birth defects or other long-term health problems.

• #12 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family. Infection is worldwide and usually asymptomatic. CMV may cause a mononucleosis infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe illness in congenital infection and in an immunocompromised host. […] The most common disease manifestation is gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is the most serious complication but has become less common with prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Rare manifestations include retinitis and encephalitis. CMV also has an immunosuppressive effect, which can lead to an increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial and fungal disease as well as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). […] Clinically significant CMV disease frequently develops in patients immunocompromised as a result of HIV, solid organ transplantation and bone-marrow transplantation.

• #13 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/aids-hiv-opportunistic-infections-cytomegalovirus

  Symptoms of congenital CMV Babies born with CMV usually look healthy when they’re born. But 1 in 5 will show signs of the infection at birth or over time. These symptoms include: […] Premature delivery […] Small size or low birth weight […] Bruise-like rashes […] Yellow skin or eyes (jaundice) […] Swollen liver and spleen […] Small head (microcephaly) […] Seizures […] Hearing loss […] Pneumonia […] Liver inflammation (hepatitis) […] Developmental delay […] Motor delay […] Vision problems. […] In severe cases, CMV can lead to a miscarriage. […] Symptoms of CMV with HIV If you also have advanced HIV, CMV can affect different parts of your body. You could have: […] Blind spots or moving black spots (floaters) in your eyesight […] Blurry vision […] Loss of central vision […] Blindness […] Diarrhea that may be bloody […] Belly pain […] Trouble swallowing or painful swallowing because of ulcers in your mouth or esophagus […] Confusion […] Lower back pain […] Weight loss […] Fatigue […] Weakness in your legs […] Headache […] Trouble concentrating […] Fever […] Weight loss […] Shortness of breath […] Apathy […] Withdrawal […] Changes in personality. […] If you have HIV, you probably wont get sick with CMV unless your CD4 (a type of white blood cell) count is below 100.

• #14 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  In people with a weakened immune system, CMV can cause serious disease or death. […] In people with AIDS, CMV infection is a common viral complication. The virus can infect the retina of the eye. This infection (CMV retinitis) can cause blindness. Infection of the brain (encephalitis), pneumonia, or painful ulcers of the intestine or esophagus may also develop. […] In newborns, CMV infection may cause extensive damage to the liver or brain. Newborns who survive may have hearing loss and intellectual disability. […] For serious infections including CMV retinitis, antiviral medications. […] When the infection threatens life or eyesight, an antiviral medication (valganciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, maribavir, or a combination) may be given. […] Antivirals are used to treat other severe symptoms due to CMV but are less reliably effective than when used to treat retinitis.

• #15 Cytomegalovirus (CMV): symptoms, treatments and diagnosis

  https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/conditions-symptoms/cytomegalovirus/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) doesn’t usually cause symptoms. But some people can experience flu-like symptoms including: a high temperature, aching muscles, tiredness, skin rash, feeling sick, sore throat, swollen glands. […] If you’ve had a kidney transplant and experience any of the following, contact your GP or renal team immediately – or call 999 if your symptoms are severe: fever and chills, fatigue, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, chest pain. […] Preventive and pre-emptive treatments have greatly reduced the number of people who have serious problems from active CMV infection. But, if not treated early, CMV can cause serious problems including: CMV syndrome (a condition which can cause a number of issues including fever, low white cell count, low platelet count, muscle pain, headache and joint pain), liver disease (hepatitis), lung infection (pneumonia), infection of the pancreas (pancreatitis), digestive disease (such as gastritis, duodenitis, mouth ulcers, colitis and bloody diarrhoea), infection of the brain or spinal cord (meningitis or encephalitis), heart infection (myocarditis), eye disease which can threaten vision (retinitis), kidney disease (nephritis). […] It can also increase the risk of organ rejection and make transplant patients more susceptible to developing conditions such as diabetes and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis).

• #16 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  People with healthy immune systems who develop symptoms of CMV can be sick for one week to several months. Serious complications from CMV are rare. […] About 50% of children who have symptoms of CMV at birth will have lasting health effects. These often include hearing or vision loss and developmental differences. Hearing loss can develop later even if your child didn’t have symptoms of CMV at birth. Infants with severe symptoms may have life-threatening complications of CMV. […] If you have a weakened immune system, how a CMV infection will affect you depends on how soon it’s treated and where the infection is in your body. You’ll probably need to be hospitalized for treatment. Early treatment of a CMV infection gives you the best chance of a full recovery. […] Once infected, CMV can stay in your body, inactive, for the rest of your life. If you have a weakened immune system, it can reactivate and cause serious symptoms or organ damage.

• #17 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. Once infected, your body retains the virus for life. Most people don’t know they have cytomegalovirus (CMV) because it rarely causes problems in healthy people. […] If you’re pregnant or if your immune system is weakened, CMV is cause for concern. Women who develop an active CMV infection during pregnancy can pass the virus to their babies, who might then experience symptoms. For people who have weakened immune systems, especially people who have had an organ, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, CMV infection can be fatal. […] Most healthy people who are infected with CMV may experience no symptoms. Some experience minor symptoms. People who are more likely to experience signs and symptoms of CMV include: Newborns who became infected with CMV before they were born (congenital CMV). Infants who become infected during birth or shortly afterward (perinatal CMV). This group includes babies infected through breast milk.

• #18 Patient education: Cytomegalovirus infection and pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytomegalovirus-infection-and-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics/print

  If a primary maternal infection occurs during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy, there is a 4 in 10 (40 percent) chance that the virus will pass to the baby. Of the babies who do get infected, three-quarters will be healthy, and one-quarter will have health complications. Thus, the overall chance of having a baby with CMV complications after a maternal primary infection before 14 weeks of pregnancy is about 1 in 10. If health complications of congenital CMV occur, they include low birth weight, abnormal blood tests, or hearing loss at birth. Health complications in early childhood can include poor growth, hearing loss, vision problems, seizures, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy. […] If a primary maternal infection occurs after 14 weeks of pregnancy, there is a 6 in 10 (60 percent) chance the virus will pass to the baby. However, the chance of health complications is much less than when the mother is infected earlier in pregnancy. The overall chance of having a baby with CMV complications is less than 1 in 100.

• #19 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/cytomegalovirus-in-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus infection can occur during pregnancy. The incidence of primary CMV infection among previously seronegative pregnant people in the United States ranges from 0.3% to 4%. For those who are seropositive before a pregnancy, developing a secondary CMV infection is a possibility, although there are no clinically available diagnostic assays to detect secondary infection. Secondary infection can be due to either a reactivation or a reinfection with another viral strain. […] Vertical transmission of CMV may occur because of transplacental infection after primary or secondary infection, exposure to contaminated genital tract secretions at delivery, or breastfeeding. Transplacental CMV transmission represents the most significant risk of developing clinical sequelae. Cytomegalovirus infection resulting from exposure to infected cervical secretions or breast milk is typically asymptomatic and is not associated with severe neonatal sequelae. With primary maternal CMV infection, the overall risk of transmission to the fetus is approximately 30-40%. Transmission rates for primary infection are 30% in the first trimester, 34-38% in the second trimester, and 40-72% in the third trimester. Vertical transmission after a recurrent infection is approximately 0.15-2%. Infants infected after maternal CMV reactivation generally are asymptomatic at birth. Congenital hearing loss is typically the most severe sequela of secondary infection, and congenital infection after recurrent infection is unlikely to produce severe sequelae.

• #20 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/cytomegalovirus-in-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus infection can occur during pregnancy. The incidence of primary CMV infection among previously seronegative pregnant people in the United States ranges from 0.3% to 4%. For those who are seropositive before a pregnancy, developing a secondary CMV infection is a possibility, although there are no clinically available diagnostic assays to detect secondary infection. Secondary infection can be due to either a reactivation or a reinfection with another viral strain. […] Vertical transmission of CMV may occur because of transplacental infection after primary or secondary infection, exposure to contaminated genital tract secretions at delivery, or breastfeeding. Transplacental CMV transmission represents the most significant risk of developing clinical sequelae. Cytomegalovirus infection resulting from exposure to infected cervical secretions or breast milk is typically asymptomatic and is not associated with severe neonatal sequelae. With primary maternal CMV infection, the overall risk of transmission to the fetus is approximately 30-40%. Transmission rates for primary infection are 30% in the first trimester, 34-38% in the second trimester, and 40-72% in the third trimester. Vertical transmission after a recurrent infection is approximately 0.15-2%. Infants infected after maternal CMV reactivation generally are asymptomatic at birth. Congenital hearing loss is typically the most severe sequela of secondary infection, and congenital infection after recurrent infection is unlikely to produce severe sequelae.

• #21 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Most babies with congenital CMV do not show signs or have health problems. However, some babies have health problems at birth or that develop later. Of those babies who get the virus, about 1-10% will have symptoms at birth. If the CMV infection happens in the first trimester, the chance that the brain, hearing, and vision will be affected is higher than if the infection happens later in pregnancy. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth).

• #22 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) usually doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. In some people it can cause mild symptoms such as fever, swollen glands, tiredness, sore throat and a cough. Sometimes it can cause mild liver inflammation. These symptoms usually go away by themselves. […] Most babies born with CMV don’t have symptoms or health problems as a result of the virus, but some do. Your baby is more likely to be affected you contract CMV for the first time during pregnancy. Your doctor might see signs of congenital CMV on a pregnancy ultrasound. […] About 3 in 10 people who get CMV for the first time in pregnancy will pass it on to their baby. Of these babies, about 1 in 10 will be born with symptoms. In total, about 1 or 2 out of every 10 babies infected with CMV during pregnancy will have a long-term health problem.

• #23 CMV in Newborns | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/congenital-infection/index.html

  Most babies with congenital CMV never show signs or have health problems, but some do at birth or develop them later. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV will have birth defects or long-term health problems, like hearing loss. […] Some babies with congenital CMV infection have signs at birth, such as: Rash, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes), Microcephaly (small head), Low birth weight, Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), Seizures, Retinitis (damaged eye retina). […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can have long-term health problems, such as: Hearing loss, Developmental and motor delay, Vision loss, Microcephaly (small head), Lack of coordination or weakness, Seizures. […] Hearing loss is common in newborns with CMV. Some babies can have hearing loss at birth or can develop it later. […] Babies who show signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can be treated with medicines called antivirals. These may decrease the severity of hearing loss.

• #24 Cytomegalovirus: Symptoms, treatments, and types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173811

  According to the National CMV Foundation, around 90% of babies born with CMV have no symptoms, but 10-15% of them will develop hearing loss, typically during their first 6 months of life. The severity ranges from slight to total hearing loss. […] If there are symptoms of congenital CMV at birth, they may include: jaundice, pneumonia, spots under the skin, purple skin splotches, a rash, or both, enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, low birth weight, seizures. Some of these symptoms are treatable. […] CMV will impact the brain in about 75% of babies born with congenital CMV. This may lead to challenges later in life. Conditions that they may face include: autism, central vision loss, scarring of the retina, and uveitis, or swelling and irritation of the eye, cognitive and learning difficulties, deafness or partial hearing loss, epilepsy, impaired vision, problems with physical coordination, seizures, small head.

• #25 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  If you have a weakened immune system (immunocompromised), you might get a new CMV infection or have a previous infection that reactivates when your body is no longer able to fight it off easily. Symptoms depend on what part of your body the virus infects and could include: Fever, Fatigue, CMV pneumonitis (shortness of breath, cough, muscle aches, weakness), CMV retinitis (blurry vision or loss of vision), CMV gastritis or colitis (stomach pain, blood in your poop, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), CMV encephalitis (seizures, headaches, confusion). […] Congenital (present at birth) CMV is when the virus passes through the placenta to the fetus. Some babies won’t have any symptoms at birth but go on to develop certain symptoms later on. Symptoms present at birth include: Low birth weight or poor weight gain, Anemia, Yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice), Red spots of blood under the skin that look like a rash (purpura or petechiae), Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), Small head size (microcephaly), Seizures, Hearing loss, Delays or differences in motor skill development.

• #26 Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cytomegalovirus

  Most babies with congenital CMV do not have symptoms of the infection at birth. However, each baby may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Premature birth, Low birth weight, Liver enlargement and jaundice, Spleen enlargement, Lung infection, Anemia, Purple skin blotches and/or rashes, Seizures, Hearing loss. […] Children with a CMV infection may receive: The anti-viral medication ganciclovir, CMV-Ig, which contains CMV antibodies from a blood donor. Data suggests these anti-viral agents can reduce hearing loss, CMV-related hepatitis, and CMV-related gastroenteritis in newborns.

• #27 What to know about cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy

  https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/health-and-safety/cytomegalovirus-during-pregnancy_1418404

  It can be difficult to pinpoint whether you have a CMV pregnancy because most people don’t experience any cytomegalovirus symptoms. However, women with mild cases of the cytomegalovirus infection have been shown to have: Fever, Sore throat, Fatigue, Swollen glands, Joint stiffness, Muscle aches and pain, Night sweats, Loss of appetite. Those with weaker immune systems who become infected with the CMV virus can experience more serious symptoms that affect the eyes, lungs, liver, and stomach, among other organs. Sometimes, the CMV virus can also cause mononucleosis or hepatitis. […] Some common signs that a newborn might have congenital CMV are: Small head (microcephaly), Jaundice, Seizures, Rash, Liver, spleen, and lung problems. […] About 90 percent of babies with congenital CMV are asymptomatic and recover without health complications. Only 10 to 15 percent of asymptomatic babies develop hearing loss at birth, or later in life, even if they passed their initial newborn hearing test. But babies who are symptomatic are very likely to develop health issues down the road. Approximately 75 percent of symptomatic babies will experience long-term problems, including: Vision and hearing loss, Learning disability, Seizures, Poor motor function, Weakness, Poor growth and development.

• #28 Cytomegalovirus (cmv) | Health and wellbeing | Queensland Government

  https://www.qld.gov.au/health/condition/infections-and-parasites/viral-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common virus which infects people of all ages. […] Infection in healthy children and adults is usually mild or without any symptoms. People with weakened immunise systems and babies that are infected before birth can experience a more severe illness. […] Cytomegalovirus infection in healthy people often causes no symptoms at all. A small number of people will experience a sore throat, tiredness, generalised aches and pains and sore glands. These symptoms may last for two to three weeks. […] People with weakened immune systems can develop a more severe illness which may include infections of the blood, central nervous system, bowel, liver, kidneys, lungs or eyes. […] The most serious disease is seen in a small percentage of babies infected before birth, who can experience small birth weights, lethargy, fitting, yellowing of the skin (jaundice), rash and problems with brain, liver and spleen. This can result in lasting problems such as hearing loss, vision loss, small head size, cerebral palsy, developmental delay or intellectual disability. In rare cases infection in babies may be fatal.

• #29 CMV in Newborns | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/congenital-infection/index.html

  Most babies with congenital CMV never show signs or have health problems, but some do at birth or develop them later. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV will have birth defects or long-term health problems, like hearing loss. […] Some babies with congenital CMV infection have signs at birth, such as: Rash, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes), Microcephaly (small head), Low birth weight, Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), Seizures, Retinitis (damaged eye retina). […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can have long-term health problems, such as: Hearing loss, Developmental and motor delay, Vision loss, Microcephaly (small head), Lack of coordination or weakness, Seizures. […] Hearing loss is common in newborns with CMV. Some babies can have hearing loss at birth or can develop it later. […] Babies who show signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can be treated with medicines called antivirals. These may decrease the severity of hearing loss.

• #30 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cmv/symptoms-causes/syc-20355358

  Most babies who have congenital CMV appear healthy at birth. A few babies who have congenital CMV who appear healthy at birth develop signs over time sometimes not for months or years after birth. The most common of these late-occurring signs are hearing loss and developmental delay. A small number of babies may also develop vision problems. […] If your immune system is weakened, you might experience serious problems that affect your: Eyes, Lungs, Liver, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, Brain. […] Most people who are infected with CMV who are otherwise healthy experience few if any symptoms. When first infected, some adults may have symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis, including: Fatigue, Fever, Sore throat, Muscle aches. […] See your doctor if: You have a weakened immune system and you’re experiencing symptoms of CMV infection. For people who have weakened immune systems, CMV infection can be serious or even fatal. People who have undergone stem cell or organ transplants seem to be at greatest risk. […] An infant whose mother first became infected with CMV during pregnancy is more likely to experience complications. Complications for the baby can include: Hearing loss, Intellectual disability, Vision problems, Seizures, Lack of coordination, Weakness or problems using muscles.

• #31 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Most people with CMV show no signs or symptoms and aren’t aware that they have been infected. […] Sometimes, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness like fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen glands. […] Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problems). […] If you have a weakened immune system and get CMV, you can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes; lungs; liver; esophagus; stomach; and intestines. […] Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems. The most common long-term health problem in babies born with CMV infection is hearing loss. This may be detected soon after birth or may develop later in childhood. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV infection. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have birth defects or other long-term health problems.

• #32 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection – including symptoms treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/cytomegalovirus+cmv+infection/cytomegalovirus+cmv+infection+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Infection in children and adults is usually without symptoms. […] Occasionally, symptoms similar to glandular fever such as fever, sore throat, swollen glands, abdomen pain and jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) can occur. […] CMV infection can result in severe disease for: babies, people who receive solid organ transplants or bone marrow/stem cell transplants, people with severe immune suppression such as advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] If an unborn baby is infected with CMV, some of these babies may develop serious health problems such as hearing loss, developmental delay or learning problems. Infection with CMV during pregnancy may also lead to stillbirth or infant death. […] Congenital CMV is the most common infective cause of congenital hearing loss.

• #33 Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – American Academy of Audiology

  https://www.audiology.org/consumers-and-patients/hearing-and-balance/congenital-cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection/

  One in every 200 babies are born with Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection. […] One in five of these babies will have long-term health problems. […] Usually there are no signs or symptoms. In some cases, a mild illness including fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen glands may happen. […] Infants with congenital CMV may be at risk for long-term health concerns. […] Children with congenital CMV can be asymptomatic or symptomatic at birth. […] Children with symptomatic CMV may have many symptoms present at birth or have symptoms that develop in early childhood. […] Common signs include: Premature birth, Problems with the liver, lungs, spleen, Small size at birth, Small head size, Seizures. […] Additionally, children with congenital CMV may have long-term health issues that include: Hearing loss, Vision loss, Intellectual disability, Lack of coordination, balance problems, Muscle weakness. […] CMV is the leading cause of non-genetic hearing loss worldwide. […] Up to 20% of children with significant hearing loss is due to congenital CMV infection. […] Hearing loss in children with congenital CMV may be present at birth or may develop over time.

• #34 Cytomegalovirus: Symptoms, treatments, and types

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173811

  According to the National CMV Foundation, around 90% of babies born with CMV have no symptoms, but 10-15% of them will develop hearing loss, typically during their first 6 months of life. The severity ranges from slight to total hearing loss. […] If there are symptoms of congenital CMV at birth, they may include: jaundice, pneumonia, spots under the skin, purple skin splotches, a rash, or both, enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, low birth weight, seizures. Some of these symptoms are treatable. […] CMV will impact the brain in about 75% of babies born with congenital CMV. This may lead to challenges later in life. Conditions that they may face include: autism, central vision loss, scarring of the retina, and uveitis, or swelling and irritation of the eye, cognitive and learning difficulties, deafness or partial hearing loss, epilepsy, impaired vision, problems with physical coordination, seizures, small head.

• #35 CMV in Newborns | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/congenital-infection/index.html

  Most babies with congenital CMV never show signs or have health problems, but some do at birth or develop them later. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV will have birth defects or long-term health problems, like hearing loss. […] Some babies with congenital CMV infection have signs at birth, such as: Rash, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes), Microcephaly (small head), Low birth weight, Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), Seizures, Retinitis (damaged eye retina). […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can have long-term health problems, such as: Hearing loss, Developmental and motor delay, Vision loss, Microcephaly (small head), Lack of coordination or weakness, Seizures. […] Hearing loss is common in newborns with CMV. Some babies can have hearing loss at birth or can develop it later. […] Babies who show signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can be treated with medicines called antivirals. These may decrease the severity of hearing loss.

• #36 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Some babies with congenital CMV who don’t show the signs of the disease at birth may still have or develop hearing loss. It may affect one ear or both ears. Sometimes hearing loss can get worse as a baby grows up. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications. Antiviral medication may lower your baby’s risk of developing health problems and hearing loss.

• #37 Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus group of infections. Like herpes, it is inactive at times, but it is incurable and is a lifetime infection. It’s the most common congenital viral infection: About one in 150 children born in the United States has congenital CMV. Eighty percent of kids with congenital CMV never develop any symptoms or disabilities. The other 20 percent can have problems related to breathing, hearing and seeing, as well as mental disabilities. If we find that your baby has been infected with CMV, treatment should begin right away to ensure that the condition has a minimal effect on her health. […] Most (up to 90 percent) of babies born with congenital cytomegalovirus experience no immediate symptoms; however, premature birth or abnormally low birth weight are possible signs of infection. Some babies who appear healthy at birth may develop problems as they grow. These may include the following: jaundice, anemia, lung infection, vision problems, hearing loss. If you know your child was born with a CMV infection, make sure to have her hearing and vision checked regularly to monitor for any problems.

• #38 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  CMV is a common virus that can spread from one person to another through contact with saliva, semen, vaginal fluids, blood, urine, tears, feces, or breast milk. Most people with CMV do not have symptoms, but some may have fever, tiredness, and muscle aches when they are first infected. […] Once the CMV virus gets into the body, it stays there for life. A healthy immune system usually keeps the virus in check. Sometimes the virus can be reactivated (wakes up and becomes active). People can also be infected with more than one strain of CMV in their lives. […] When a person is pregnant and infected with CMV for the first time, there is about a 40% chance that it will pass to the fetus. When an old infection is reactivated, or you get a new strain of the virus during pregnancy, there may be a lower chance of passing the infection to the fetus than with a new infection.

• #39 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/cytomegalovirus-in-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA herpesvirus that is transmitted by sexual contact or direct contact with infected blood, urine, or saliva. After an incubation period of 28-60 days (mean, 40 days), CMV infection induces immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody production followed by an IgG antibody response. Viremia can be detected for 2-3 weeks after primary infection (infection in a previously seronegative individual). After the primary infection, CMV remains latent in host cells and recurrent, or secondary, infection can occur. Secondary infection (intermittent viral excretion in the presence of host immunity) can occur after reactivation of the latent endogenous CMV strain or by reinfection with a different exogenous viral strain. […] Cytomegalovirus is the most common congenital infection, occurring in 0.2-2.2% of all neonates. Most infants with congenital CMV are asymptomatic at birth; however, the effects of congenital CMV can be lifelong.

• #40 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/c/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Most people infected with CMV show no signs or symptoms. Thats because a healthy persons immune system usually keeps the virus from causing illness. […] Some people get symptoms similar to the flu or glandular fever the first time they catch CMV, including: a high temperature of 38C or more, aching muscles, tiredness, feeling sick, sore throat, swollen glands. […] If you do have symptoms, they normally get better on their own within about 3 weeks. Its rare to get symptoms again unless your immune system becomes weakened, eg, due to organ transplant or chemotherapy. It can also be reactivated during pregnancy. […] If you have a weakened immune system and get CMV, you can have more serious symptoms affecting your eyes, lungs, liver, oesophagus, stomach and intestines. […] A small number of babies with congenital CMV are sick at birth and have significant signs and symptoms. These include: premature birth, low birth weight, yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), enlarged and poorly functioning liver, purple skin splotches or a rash or both, abnormally small head (microencephaly), enlarged spleen, pneumonia, seizures. […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth may have long-term health problems, eg, hearing loss, developmental and motor delay, and vision loss.

• #41 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. […] CMV infection may be asymptomatic in healthy people, but it can be life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer. […] Primary CMV infection usually has an asymptomatic or subclinical course. Mononucleosis is the most prevalent presentation of CMV in patients with an intact immune system, characterized by fever, rash, and leukocytosis. […] In patients with a depressed immune system, CMV is more aggressive. Specific disease entities include: CMV hepatitis which may lead to fulminant liver failure, Cytomegalovirus retinitis characterized by a „pizza pie appearance” on ophthalmic exam, CMV esophagitis, Cytomegalovirus colitis, CMV pneumonitis, Polyradiculopathy, Transverse myelitis, Subacute encephalitis.

• #42 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  In people with a weakened immune system, CMV can cause serious disease or death. […] In people with AIDS, CMV infection is a common viral complication. The virus can infect the retina of the eye. This infection (CMV retinitis) can cause blindness. Infection of the brain (encephalitis), pneumonia, or painful ulcers of the intestine or esophagus may also develop. […] In newborns, CMV infection may cause extensive damage to the liver or brain. Newborns who survive may have hearing loss and intellectual disability. […] For serious infections including CMV retinitis, antiviral medications. […] When the infection threatens life or eyesight, an antiviral medication (valganciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, maribavir, or a combination) may be given. […] Antivirals are used to treat other severe symptoms due to CMV but are less reliably effective than when used to treat retinitis.

• #43 Cytomegalovirus infection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/560

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection often presents asymptomatically or as an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome (fever, lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytosis) in people with normal immune systems. […] In immunocompromised people (patients with AIDS and transplant recipients), the disease manifests with fever, bone marrow suppression, and tissue-invasive conditions such as pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis, nephritis, and retinitis. […] In fetuses, CMV infection can lead to cytomegalic inclusion disease, characterised by severe neurological abnormalities, intellectual disability, and hearing defects. […] When reactivation (or primary infection) occurs in patients with severely compromised immune function (such as transplant recipients or patients with AIDS and a CD4 count 50 cells/microlitre), uncontrolled CMV replication often ensues, which leads to the clinical manifestations characterised by fever, bone marrow suppression, and tissue-invasive disease. […] Key diagnostic factors include malaise, fever, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, visual floaters and blindness, and abnormalities on fundoscopy. […] Newborns may present with microcephaly, poor tone and motor function, abnormal head lag, and hearing loss.

• #44 Cytomegalovirus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0201/p519.html

  Initial infection in newborns and reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised persons can result in severe pathology. CMV also is a serious pathogen in patients who have received an organ transplant. […] The second most common context in which a family physician will encounter the clinical sequelae of CMV infection is in patients with HIV who have a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 50 per mm3 (50 106 per L). In the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV was the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV patients. CMV-induced end-organ damage, mostly in the form of retinitis, manifested in 21 to 45 percent of such patients. […] A patient with HIV may present with a diverse variety of visual complaints secondary to CMV retinitis, including painless blurred vision, unilateral floaters, light flashes, scotoma, or the loss of central vision, depending on the location and extent of the retinal lesion. The retinitis caused by CMV is a focal necrotizing type, with or without hemorrhages. The destruction of the retina, which causes irreversible blindness, can be arrested and suppressed by anti-CMV agents. […] Patients with HIV who have low CD4 counts may experience complications from CMV involvement of the esophagus, colon, mucous membranes (ulcerative lesions and colitis), brain (meningoencephalitis), peripheral nerves (radiculopathy and myelopathy), and lungs (interstitial pneumonia).

• #45 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. […] CMV infection may be asymptomatic in healthy people, but it can be life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer. […] Primary CMV infection usually has an asymptomatic or subclinical course. Mononucleosis is the most prevalent presentation of CMV in patients with an intact immune system, characterized by fever, rash, and leukocytosis. […] In patients with a depressed immune system, CMV is more aggressive. Specific disease entities include: CMV hepatitis which may lead to fulminant liver failure, Cytomegalovirus retinitis characterized by a „pizza pie appearance” on ophthalmic exam, CMV esophagitis, Cytomegalovirus colitis, CMV pneumonitis, Polyradiculopathy, Transverse myelitis, Subacute encephalitis.

• #46 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The prognosis for most patients with CMV is good as long as they do not have a state of immunosuppression. Recovery is usually complete with treatment. However, fatigue may persist for several months. […] CMV pneumonia in marrow transplant patients can carry high mortality if the treatment is delayed. […] Relapse of CMV is very common in transplant patients.

• #47 Congenital cytomegalovirus infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_cytomegalovirus_infection

  Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a newborn baby. Most have no symptoms. Some affected babies are small. Other signs and symptoms include a rash, jaundice, hepatomegaly, retinitis, and seizures. It may lead to loss of hearing or vision, developmental disability, or a small head. […] For infants who are infected by their mothers before birth, two potential adverse scenarios exist: Generalized infection may occur in the infant, and can cause complications such as low birth weight, microcephaly, seizures, petechial rash similar to the „blueberry muffin” rash of congenital rubella syndrome, and moderate hepatosplenomegaly (with jaundice). Though severe cases can be fatal, with supportive treatment most infants with CMV disease will survive. However, from 80% to 90% will have complications within the first few years of life that may include hearing loss, vision impairment, and varying degrees of learning disability.

• #48 Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Symptoms, Screening and Prevention – WCAAP – Washington Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics

  https://wcaap.org/congenital-cytomegalovirus-symptoms-screening-and-prevention/

  Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a potentially devastating viral infection with a high incidence and low awareness. It is the most frequent cause of congenital infection in the world with an incidence of 1 in 200. Infants born with cCMV may present with such symptoms as thrombocytopenia, petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, intracerebral calcifications, cortical or cerebellar malformations, chorioretinitis, or sensorineural hearing loss. These symptoms range from relatively mild to severe and life-threatening. Only 10-25% of children are symptomatic at birth. Among children with cCMV, 10-15% will develop sensorineural hearing loss. It is the leading cause of non-genetic hearing loss in children. cCMV-related hearing loss has a varied presentation (progressive, fluctuating, stable, and with varying degrees of severity) making diagnosis and treatment difficult if not identified and closely monitored.

• #49 Patient education: Cytomegalovirus infection and pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytomegalovirus-infection-and-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics/print

  If a primary maternal infection occurs during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy, there is a 4 in 10 (40 percent) chance that the virus will pass to the baby. Of the babies who do get infected, three-quarters will be healthy, and one-quarter will have health complications. Thus, the overall chance of having a baby with CMV complications after a maternal primary infection before 14 weeks of pregnancy is about 1 in 10. If health complications of congenital CMV occur, they include low birth weight, abnormal blood tests, or hearing loss at birth. Health complications in early childhood can include poor growth, hearing loss, vision problems, seizures, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy. […] If a primary maternal infection occurs after 14 weeks of pregnancy, there is a 6 in 10 (60 percent) chance the virus will pass to the baby. However, the chance of health complications is much less than when the mother is infected earlier in pregnancy. The overall chance of having a baby with CMV complications is less than 1 in 100.

• #50 CMV In Pregnancy: What Should I Know? | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/cmv-pregnancy-what-should-i-know

  Most CMV infections in pregnant women are „silent” and cause no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they most commonly are fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands and extreme fatigue. Rarely, a rash, cough or diarrhea may occur. These symptoms are not specific for CMV infection and may be cause by other conditions. And, unfortunately, often the first time a pregnant woman is aware of CMV is when she has a baby who is diagnosed with congenital CMV infection. Therefore, blood tests are needed to accurately diagnose a CMV infection during pregnancy. […] Approximately 40% of women who experience a primary CMV infection during pregnancy will transmit the CMV infection to their baby, and approximately 60% will not. The reason why some women transmit CMV to their baby and some women do not is not known. Most babies born congenitally infected with CMV will appear normal at birth. However, approximately 10% of babies born congenitally infected as a result of their mother’s primary CMV infection during pregnancy will have symptoms in the womb or at birth. Newborns with symptomatic congenital CMV disease at birth may have a variety of signs and symptoms in many organ systems, and also may experience disabilities long term in hearing, vision, cognition and motor development. In some babies with severe congenital CMV disease, the congenital CMV infection is fatal. Therefore a maternal primary CMV infection may carry a significant risk to the unborn baby.

• #51 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/cytomegalovirus-in-pregnancy

  Although adults with primary CMV infection are usually asymptomatic, individuals may experience a mononucleosis-like syndrome, with fever, chills, myalgias, malaise, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, abnormal liver function, and lymphadenopathy. […] Congenital CMV may be suspected prenatally after a documented maternal primary infection or, more commonly, because universal screening is not recommended, after ultrasound findings suggestive of infection. These findings include abdominal and liver calcifications, hepatosplenomegaly, echogenic bowel or kidneys, ascites, cerebral ventriculomegaly, intracranial calcifications, microcephaly, hydrops fetalis, and growth restriction.

• #52 Patient education: Cytomegalovirus infection and pregnancy (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cytomegalovirus-infection-and-pregnancy-beyond-the-basics/print

  If a nonprimary maternal infection occurs in pregnancy, there is only a 1 in 100 chance that the virus will pass to the baby. The chance of health complications depends on when the baby is infected, as described above, but this timing can be difficult to determine with nonprimary maternal infection. […] If the amniocentesis shows that your baby does have congenital CMV infection, you will be offered regular ultrasounds to check your baby’s growth and brain development. Your specialist may also discuss a fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to check your baby’s brain development. If there are changes on the ultrasounds and/or MRI scans that indicate that your baby has been affected by CMV, then your doctor will explain these findings to you. […] However, some babies still have complications, including hearing loss or developmental delay, even if the ultrasounds and MRI are normal. The role of medical therapies to treat congenital CMV infection before birth is still evolving. Your doctor will discuss your options with you.

• #53 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Most babies with congenital CMV do not show signs or have health problems. However, some babies have health problems at birth or that develop later. Of those babies who get the virus, about 1-10% will have symptoms at birth. If the CMV infection happens in the first trimester, the chance that the brain, hearing, and vision will be affected is higher than if the infection happens later in pregnancy. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth).

• #54 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Tests: MedlinePlus Medical TestLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cytomegalovirus-cmv-tests/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) tests check for signs of CMV in your blood, sputum, or other body fluids. CMV is a common virus that infects people of all ages. Most healthy people don’t have any signs or symptoms when they get CMV. They usually aren’t even aware that they have the infection. But sometimes a CMV infection may cause mild, flu-like symptoms in healthy people. […] Certain people are at higher risk of health problems from a CMV infection: People with weakened immune systems due to conditions such as HIV or cancer. For them, CMV can cause vision problems and other serious health problems. […] You may need testing if you have a weakened immune system or are pregnant and have the following symptoms: Swollen lymph nodes („swollen glands”), Sore throat, Fever, Fatigue, Weakness, Muscle aches, Headache.

• #55 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – congenital and postnatal infection | NHSGGC

  https://clinicalguidelines.scot.nhs.uk/ggc-paediatric-guidelines/ggc-paediatric-guidelines/neonatology/cytomegalovirus-cmv-congenital-and-postnatal-infection/

  Congenital CMV is the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Worldwide, the birth prevalence of CMV is estimated at 7 per 1000 births. Approximately 10% of infected newborns are symptomatic at birth and of those around half will have significant impairment in their neurodevelopment. Of infants who are asymptomatic at birth approximately 15% go on to have long term sequelae including sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. […] Symptoms of congenital CMV can range from mild transient symptoms to severe multi system dysfunction and death. […] Recent research suggests that the best outcomes result from a 6 month course of treatment when compared with earlier regimens which used a shorter course of 6 weeks. […] CMV infection should be considered if there is: Blueberry muffin rash, Petechiae or purpura, Hepato or splenomegaly, Prolonged jaundice or conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, Chorioretinitis, Congenital cataracts, Symmetrical IUGR (birth weight -2SD for gestational age), Microcephaly (head circumference -2SD for gestational age), Colitis or atypical necrotising enterocolitis, Pneumonitis, Sepsis like syndrome, especially if non-responsive to antibiotics, Evidence of maternal infection in pregnancy, Antenatally diagnosed ventriculomegaly/intracranial calcification, Postnatally identified intracranial calcification (generally periventricular), or unexplained ventriculomegaly or other imaging consistent with CMV, Seizures, Maternal history of suspected CMV.

• #56 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. […] CMV infection may be asymptomatic in healthy people, but it can be life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can cause morbidity and even death. After infection, CMV often remains latent, but it can reactivate at any time. Eventually, it causes mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and it may be responsible for prostate cancer. […] Primary CMV infection usually has an asymptomatic or subclinical course. Mononucleosis is the most prevalent presentation of CMV in patients with an intact immune system, characterized by fever, rash, and leukocytosis. […] In patients with a depressed immune system, CMV is more aggressive. Specific disease entities include: CMV hepatitis which may lead to fulminant liver failure, Cytomegalovirus retinitis characterized by a „pizza pie appearance” on ophthalmic exam, CMV esophagitis, Cytomegalovirus colitis, CMV pneumonitis, Polyradiculopathy, Transverse myelitis, Subacute encephalitis.

• #57 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Healthy people who are infected with CMV usually do not require medical treatment. […] Medications called antivirals are available to treat CMV infection in people who have weakened immune systems and babies with signs of congenital CMV at birth. […] Valganciclovir is an antiviral that might improve hearing and developmental outcomes in babies. […] Children with congenital CMV should have regular hearing and vision checks.

• #58 About Cytomegalovirus | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/about/index.html

  Healthy people who are infected with CMV usually do not require medical treatment. […] Medications called antivirals are available to treat CMV infection in people who have weakened immune systems and babies with signs of congenital CMV at birth. […] Valganciclovir is an antiviral that might improve hearing and developmental outcomes in babies. […] Children with congenital CMV should have regular hearing and vision checks.

• #59 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/cytomegalovirus/fact_sheet.htm

  Most children and adults who are infected with CMV do not develop symptoms. Those who develop symptoms may experience an illness resembling infectious mononucleosis and have fever, swollen glands and feel tired. […] People with a compromised immune system (such as people with HIV/AIDS or those receiving chemotherapy) may experience more serious illness involving fever, pneumonia and other symptoms. […] Approximately 8 out of every 1,000 babies born in the United States will have CMV infection, of which 1 to 2 may have significant illness involving nervous system damage or developmental disabilities. […] Although most people never develop symptoms after exposure, the incubation period appears to be between 3 and 12 weeks. […] No treatment is currently indicated for CMV infection in healthy individuals. Antiviral treatment is used for immunocompromised individuals who have eye infections or life-threatening illnesses due to CMV.

• #60 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  In people with a weakened immune system, CMV can cause serious disease or death. […] In people with AIDS, CMV infection is a common viral complication. The virus can infect the retina of the eye. This infection (CMV retinitis) can cause blindness. Infection of the brain (encephalitis), pneumonia, or painful ulcers of the intestine or esophagus may also develop. […] In newborns, CMV infection may cause extensive damage to the liver or brain. Newborns who survive may have hearing loss and intellectual disability. […] For serious infections including CMV retinitis, antiviral medications. […] When the infection threatens life or eyesight, an antiviral medication (valganciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, maribavir, or a combination) may be given. […] Antivirals are used to treat other severe symptoms due to CMV but are less reliably effective than when used to treat retinitis.

• #61 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can cause flu-like illness or even no symptoms. Most adults and many children have been around someone with CMV. Since most CMV infections are mild and usually do not cause long-term problems, most people don’t even know they are infected. […] Symptoms can vary and range from mild to severe and life-threatening. Symptoms may include: sore throat, fever, headache, fatigue, swollen glands or lymph nodes, diarrhea, muscle aches, abdominal pain, rash, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, blurry vision. […] An antiviral medication may be used to treat a cytomegalovirus infection in people whose immune systems are weakened or for transplant patients. These people usually need to be in the hospital. Newborn babies infected with CMV may benefit from antiviral medication as well, up to 6 months old. […] Most children should get better in a couple of weeks after an infection. If your child is not getting better, call your child’s doctor.

• #62 CMV in Newborns | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/congenital-infection/index.html

  Most babies with congenital CMV never show signs or have health problems, but some do at birth or develop them later. […] About 1 in 200 babies is born with congenital CMV. About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV will have birth defects or long-term health problems, like hearing loss. […] Some babies with congenital CMV infection have signs at birth, such as: Rash, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes), Microcephaly (small head), Low birth weight, Hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), Seizures, Retinitis (damaged eye retina). […] Some babies with signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can have long-term health problems, such as: Hearing loss, Developmental and motor delay, Vision loss, Microcephaly (small head), Lack of coordination or weakness, Seizures. […] Hearing loss is common in newborns with CMV. Some babies can have hearing loss at birth or can develop it later. […] Babies who show signs of congenital CMV infection at birth can be treated with medicines called antivirals. These may decrease the severity of hearing loss.

• #63 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Some babies with congenital CMV who don’t show the signs of the disease at birth may still have or develop hearing loss. It may affect one ear or both ears. Sometimes hearing loss can get worse as a baby grows up. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications. Antiviral medication may lower your baby’s risk of developing health problems and hearing loss.

• #64 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – congenital and postnatal infection | NHSGGC

  https://clinicalguidelines.scot.nhs.uk/ggc-paediatric-guidelines/ggc-paediatric-guidelines/neonatology/cytomegalovirus-cmv-congenital-and-postnatal-infection/

  Congenital CMV is the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Worldwide, the birth prevalence of CMV is estimated at 7 per 1000 births. Approximately 10% of infected newborns are symptomatic at birth and of those around half will have significant impairment in their neurodevelopment. Of infants who are asymptomatic at birth approximately 15% go on to have long term sequelae including sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. […] Symptoms of congenital CMV can range from mild transient symptoms to severe multi system dysfunction and death. […] Recent research suggests that the best outcomes result from a 6 month course of treatment when compared with earlier regimens which used a shorter course of 6 weeks. […] CMV infection should be considered if there is: Blueberry muffin rash, Petechiae or purpura, Hepato or splenomegaly, Prolonged jaundice or conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, Chorioretinitis, Congenital cataracts, Symmetrical IUGR (birth weight -2SD for gestational age), Microcephaly (head circumference -2SD for gestational age), Colitis or atypical necrotising enterocolitis, Pneumonitis, Sepsis like syndrome, especially if non-responsive to antibiotics, Evidence of maternal infection in pregnancy, Antenatally diagnosed ventriculomegaly/intracranial calcification, Postnatally identified intracranial calcification (generally periventricular), or unexplained ventriculomegaly or other imaging consistent with CMV, Seizures, Maternal history of suspected CMV.

• #65 What to know about cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy

  https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/health-and-safety/cytomegalovirus-during-pregnancy_1418404

  If you become infected with CMV during pregnancy, your provider may order extra ultrasounds to look for abnormalities in your baby that may have been caused by CMV. Some things she may look for in an ultrasound are placental thickening, enlargement of the liver, spleen, and organs, and microcephaly (small head). If an abnormality is confirmed, your provider may recommend doing an amniocentesis, which involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid, to determine whether your baby has been infected. […] For the most part, cytomegalovirus treatment lasts anywhere from 6 weeks to 6 months. A few studies have examined the effects of treating a pregnant woman with known CMV infection prior to delivery, but the majority of antiviral treatment is done to the newborn or young infant. […] Despite the high risk of transmission with a primary infection, only 10 percent of babies born with congenital CMV from their mother’s primary infection will have symptoms in the womb or at birth. These babies are more likely to have health issues, such as vision and hearing loss and learning disabilities.

• #66 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older. […] At this time, there is no known treatment that can completely prevent all the symptoms or long-term effects of congenital CMV. Using antiviral medication when there is a CMV infection in pregnancy might lower the chance the virus will pass to the fetus. Newborns with CMV may be given antiviral medication. This may reduce the baby’s chance for hearing loss, eye disease, and learning problems.

• #67 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – congenital and postnatal infection | NHSGGC

  https://clinicalguidelines.scot.nhs.uk/ggc-paediatric-guidelines/ggc-paediatric-guidelines/neonatology/cytomegalovirus-cmv-congenital-and-postnatal-infection/

  Severe symptomatic CMV: central nervous system involvement (abnormal neurological or ophthalmological examination), microcephaly, evidence of CMV on neuroimaging such as periventricular calcification, isolated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). […] Treatment should not be offered to babies with asymptomatic CMV or mild disease (1 or 2 transient or clinically insignificant signs or symptoms). […] Systematic reviews report that symptomatic pCMV occurs in 0% to 34% (median 3.7%) and severe sepsis like syndrome (SLS) occurs in 0% to 13.8% (median 0.7%) of babies 32 weeks who are infected postnatally with CMV. […] The indication for treatment in symptomatic pCMV is to suppress active viraemia and prevent destructive end-organ disease rather than to alter the course of a chronic infection.

• #68 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  People with healthy immune systems who develop symptoms of CMV can be sick for one week to several months. Serious complications from CMV are rare. […] About 50% of children who have symptoms of CMV at birth will have lasting health effects. These often include hearing or vision loss and developmental differences. Hearing loss can develop later even if your child didn’t have symptoms of CMV at birth. Infants with severe symptoms may have life-threatening complications of CMV. […] If you have a weakened immune system, how a CMV infection will affect you depends on how soon it’s treated and where the infection is in your body. You’ll probably need to be hospitalized for treatment. Early treatment of a CMV infection gives you the best chance of a full recovery. […] Once infected, CMV can stay in your body, inactive, for the rest of your life. If you have a weakened immune system, it can reactivate and cause serious symptoms or organ damage.

• #69 Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus. […] Many people are exposed to CMV early in life, but do not realize it because they have no symptoms, or they have mild symptoms that resemble the common cold or flu. These may include: Enlarged lymph nodes, especially in the neck, Fever, Fatigue, Loss of appetite, Malaise, Muscle aches, Rash, Sore throat. […] CMV can cause infections in different parts of the body. Symptoms vary depending on the area that is affected. Examples of body areas that can be infected by CMV are: The lungs, The stomach or intestine, The back of the eye (retina), A baby while still in the womb (congenital CMV). […] The outcome is good with treatment. The symptoms may be relieved in a few weeks to months.

• #70 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  The most common clinical presentation is fever and shortness of breath, associated with an interstitial infiltrate on the CXR. […] CMV is the most common congenitally acquired infection in the developed world. […] Most children infected in utero appear healthy but may manifest late sequelae. Those children born with cytomegalic inclusion disease have a poor prognosis. […] The prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis is generally good. Most patients recover completely. […] Symptoms can persist, usually in the form of fatigue, for several months after primary infection. […] CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants once carried a very high mortality rate but the use of ganciclovir plus high-dose immunoglobulin for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants has lowered the mortality rate considerably. […] Because patients who develop CMV disease are usually immunocompromised, their prognosis is often determined by their underlying disease.

• #71 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The prognosis for most patients with CMV is good as long as they do not have a state of immunosuppression. Recovery is usually complete with treatment. However, fatigue may persist for several months. […] CMV pneumonia in marrow transplant patients can carry high mortality if the treatment is delayed. […] Relapse of CMV is very common in transplant patients.

• #72 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  The most common clinical presentation is fever and shortness of breath, associated with an interstitial infiltrate on the CXR. […] CMV is the most common congenitally acquired infection in the developed world. […] Most children infected in utero appear healthy but may manifest late sequelae. Those children born with cytomegalic inclusion disease have a poor prognosis. […] The prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis is generally good. Most patients recover completely. […] Symptoms can persist, usually in the form of fatigue, for several months after primary infection. […] CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants once carried a very high mortality rate but the use of ganciclovir plus high-dose immunoglobulin for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants has lowered the mortality rate considerably. […] Because patients who develop CMV disease are usually immunocompromised, their prognosis is often determined by their underlying disease.

• #73 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/cytomegalovirus

  The most common clinical presentation is fever and shortness of breath, associated with an interstitial infiltrate on the CXR. […] CMV is the most common congenitally acquired infection in the developed world. […] Most children infected in utero appear healthy but may manifest late sequelae. Those children born with cytomegalic inclusion disease have a poor prognosis. […] The prognosis of patients with CMV hepatitis is generally good. Most patients recover completely. […] Symptoms can persist, usually in the form of fatigue, for several months after primary infection. […] CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants once carried a very high mortality rate but the use of ganciclovir plus high-dose immunoglobulin for the treatment of CMV pneumonia in patients who have received transplants has lowered the mortality rate considerably. […] Because patients who develop CMV disease are usually immunocompromised, their prognosis is often determined by their underlying disease.

• #74 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The prognosis for most patients with CMV is good as long as they do not have a state of immunosuppression. Recovery is usually complete with treatment. However, fatigue may persist for several months. […] CMV pneumonia in marrow transplant patients can carry high mortality if the treatment is delayed. […] Relapse of CMV is very common in transplant patients.

• #75 Congenital cytomegalovirus infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_cytomegalovirus_infection

  Another 5% to 10% of infants who are infected but without symptoms at birth will subsequently have varying degrees of hearing and mental or coordination problems. CMV is the most common cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss in children. The onset of hearing loss can occur at any point during childhood, although commonly within the first decade. It is progressive and can affect both ears. […] Symptoms associated with CMV, such as hearing loss, can result in further developmental delay. A delay in general speech and language development is more common in children with CMV. Children with symptomatic CMV have been found to have a greater incidence of long-term neurological and neurodevelopmental complications than children with fetal alcohol syndrome or down syndrome. […] Congenital cytomegalovirus infection can be an important cause of intraventricular hemorrhage and neonatal encephalopathy.

• #76 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Newborns – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/infections-in-newborns/cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection-in-newborns

  Some newborns have all of these symptoms. […] CMV infection is fatal in 5 to 10% of newborns who have symptoms. Most of the infants who have symptoms who survive develop hearing loss. […] About 5 to 15% of newborns who do not have symptoms eventually develop neurologic problems (most commonly hearing loss). Some degree of hearing loss is the most common.

• #77 CMV in Newborns | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/womens-health/pregnancy/cmv-newborns

  It is common for babies born with cCMV to have a hearing difference also called hearing loss. Some babies with cCMV may not have any signs of hearing issues and may pass their newborn hearing screening. But their hearing status may change later in childhood. This change is called late-onset hearing loss.

• #78 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  CMV retinitis is a serious eye condition caused by cytomegalovirus, a herpes virus. It most often affects people with compromised immune systems. Its treated with antiviral medications. […] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a serious eye infection. It often happens in people with immune systems that dont work as well as they should. The term retinitis means inflammation of your retina, which is the part of your eye that senses light. […] CMV retinitis can result in long-term vision loss. In fact, its the main cause of blindness among people with HIV/AIDS. […] You may not have symptoms of CMV retinitis right away. When you do develop them, symptoms may include: Floaters in your eye. Blind spots that move (scintillating scotoma). Decreased side vision (peripheral vision). Seeing wavy images (metamorphopsia). Blurred vision. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Red eye. Eye pain.

• #79 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  CMV retinitis is a serious eye condition caused by cytomegalovirus, a herpes virus. It most often affects people with compromised immune systems. Its treated with antiviral medications. […] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a serious eye infection. It often happens in people with immune systems that dont work as well as they should. The term retinitis means inflammation of your retina, which is the part of your eye that senses light. […] CMV retinitis can result in long-term vision loss. In fact, its the main cause of blindness among people with HIV/AIDS. […] You may not have symptoms of CMV retinitis right away. When you do develop them, symptoms may include: Floaters in your eye. Blind spots that move (scintillating scotoma). Decreased side vision (peripheral vision). Seeing wavy images (metamorphopsia). Blurred vision. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Red eye. Eye pain.

• #80 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  CMV retinitis is a serious eye condition caused by cytomegalovirus, a herpes virus. It most often affects people with compromised immune systems. Its treated with antiviral medications. […] Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a serious eye infection. It often happens in people with immune systems that dont work as well as they should. The term retinitis means inflammation of your retina, which is the part of your eye that senses light. […] CMV retinitis can result in long-term vision loss. In fact, its the main cause of blindness among people with HIV/AIDS. […] You may not have symptoms of CMV retinitis right away. When you do develop them, symptoms may include: Floaters in your eye. Blind spots that move (scintillating scotoma). Decreased side vision (peripheral vision). Seeing wavy images (metamorphopsia). Blurred vision. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Red eye. Eye pain.

• #81 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  The symptoms may start in one eye and then go on to your other eye. […] If youre infected with CMV, the virus can affect your retina, causing CMV retinitis. In adults with weakened immune systems, this is usually a reactivation of the virus rather than a new virus. […] Antiviral medicines can treat CMV retinitis, but they cant cure it. […] The best prognosis (outlook) happens with prompt treatment. Untreated CMV retinitis can lead to low vision, even to the point of blindness. […] Another condition that may happen as a result of CMV retinitis is retinal detachment, which means that your retina tears away from its supporting tissue. You can have surgery to repair this serious condition. […] Regular eye exams are important because you might not notice symptoms of CMV retinitis until you start having vision loss.

• #82 Cytomegalovirus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0201/p519.html

  Initial infection in newborns and reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised persons can result in severe pathology. CMV also is a serious pathogen in patients who have received an organ transplant. […] The second most common context in which a family physician will encounter the clinical sequelae of CMV infection is in patients with HIV who have a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 50 per mm3 (50 106 per L). In the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV was the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV patients. CMV-induced end-organ damage, mostly in the form of retinitis, manifested in 21 to 45 percent of such patients. […] A patient with HIV may present with a diverse variety of visual complaints secondary to CMV retinitis, including painless blurred vision, unilateral floaters, light flashes, scotoma, or the loss of central vision, depending on the location and extent of the retinal lesion. The retinitis caused by CMV is a focal necrotizing type, with or without hemorrhages. The destruction of the retina, which causes irreversible blindness, can be arrested and suppressed by anti-CMV agents. […] Patients with HIV who have low CD4 counts may experience complications from CMV involvement of the esophagus, colon, mucous membranes (ulcerative lesions and colitis), brain (meningoencephalitis), peripheral nerves (radiculopathy and myelopathy), and lungs (interstitial pneumonia).

• #83 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  The symptoms may start in one eye and then go on to your other eye. […] If youre infected with CMV, the virus can affect your retina, causing CMV retinitis. In adults with weakened immune systems, this is usually a reactivation of the virus rather than a new virus. […] Antiviral medicines can treat CMV retinitis, but they cant cure it. […] The best prognosis (outlook) happens with prompt treatment. Untreated CMV retinitis can lead to low vision, even to the point of blindness. […] Another condition that may happen as a result of CMV retinitis is retinal detachment, which means that your retina tears away from its supporting tissue. You can have surgery to repair this serious condition. […] Regular eye exams are important because you might not notice symptoms of CMV retinitis until you start having vision loss.

• #84 Cytomegalovirus | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0201/p519.html

  Initial infection in newborns and reactivation of the virus in immunocompromised persons can result in severe pathology. CMV also is a serious pathogen in patients who have received an organ transplant. […] The second most common context in which a family physician will encounter the clinical sequelae of CMV infection is in patients with HIV who have a CD4 T-lymphocyte count of less than 50 per mm3 (50 106 per L). In the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), CMV was the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV patients. CMV-induced end-organ damage, mostly in the form of retinitis, manifested in 21 to 45 percent of such patients. […] A patient with HIV may present with a diverse variety of visual complaints secondary to CMV retinitis, including painless blurred vision, unilateral floaters, light flashes, scotoma, or the loss of central vision, depending on the location and extent of the retinal lesion. The retinitis caused by CMV is a focal necrotizing type, with or without hemorrhages. The destruction of the retina, which causes irreversible blindness, can be arrested and suppressed by anti-CMV agents. […] Patients with HIV who have low CD4 counts may experience complications from CMV involvement of the esophagus, colon, mucous membranes (ulcerative lesions and colitis), brain (meningoencephalitis), peripheral nerves (radiculopathy and myelopathy), and lungs (interstitial pneumonia).

• #85 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  The symptoms may start in one eye and then go on to your other eye. […] If youre infected with CMV, the virus can affect your retina, causing CMV retinitis. In adults with weakened immune systems, this is usually a reactivation of the virus rather than a new virus. […] Antiviral medicines can treat CMV retinitis, but they cant cure it. […] The best prognosis (outlook) happens with prompt treatment. Untreated CMV retinitis can lead to low vision, even to the point of blindness. […] Another condition that may happen as a result of CMV retinitis is retinal detachment, which means that your retina tears away from its supporting tissue. You can have surgery to repair this serious condition. […] Regular eye exams are important because you might not notice symptoms of CMV retinitis until you start having vision loss.

• #86 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  The symptoms may start in one eye and then go on to your other eye. […] If youre infected with CMV, the virus can affect your retina, causing CMV retinitis. In adults with weakened immune systems, this is usually a reactivation of the virus rather than a new virus. […] Antiviral medicines can treat CMV retinitis, but they cant cure it. […] The best prognosis (outlook) happens with prompt treatment. Untreated CMV retinitis can lead to low vision, even to the point of blindness. […] Another condition that may happen as a result of CMV retinitis is retinal detachment, which means that your retina tears away from its supporting tissue. You can have surgery to repair this serious condition. […] Regular eye exams are important because you might not notice symptoms of CMV retinitis until you start having vision loss.

• #87 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  The symptoms may start in one eye and then go on to your other eye. […] If youre infected with CMV, the virus can affect your retina, causing CMV retinitis. In adults with weakened immune systems, this is usually a reactivation of the virus rather than a new virus. […] Antiviral medicines can treat CMV retinitis, but they cant cure it. […] The best prognosis (outlook) happens with prompt treatment. Untreated CMV retinitis can lead to low vision, even to the point of blindness. […] Another condition that may happen as a result of CMV retinitis is retinal detachment, which means that your retina tears away from its supporting tissue. You can have surgery to repair this serious condition. […] Regular eye exams are important because you might not notice symptoms of CMV retinitis until you start having vision loss.

• #88 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25224-cytomegalovirus-cmv-retinitis

  The symptoms may start in one eye and then go on to your other eye. […] If youre infected with CMV, the virus can affect your retina, causing CMV retinitis. In adults with weakened immune systems, this is usually a reactivation of the virus rather than a new virus. […] Antiviral medicines can treat CMV retinitis, but they cant cure it. […] The best prognosis (outlook) happens with prompt treatment. Untreated CMV retinitis can lead to low vision, even to the point of blindness. […] Another condition that may happen as a result of CMV retinitis is retinal detachment, which means that your retina tears away from its supporting tissue. You can have surgery to repair this serious condition. […] Regular eye exams are important because you might not notice symptoms of CMV retinitis until you start having vision loss.

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