Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Nursing Care Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cytomegalovirus/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. […] The nursing management of a patient with cytomegalovirus include the following: […] Assessment of the patient with Cytomegalovirus may include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for patient with Cytomegalovirus are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for a patient with Cytomegalovirus are: […] The nursing interventions for a patient with Cytomegalovirus include the following: […] Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a patient with Cytomegalovirus include:

• #1 Cytomegalovirus Infections | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/cytomegalovirus-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found around the world. It is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and infectious mononucleosis (mono). Between 50 percent and 80 percent of adults in the United States have had a CMV infection by age 40. Once CMV is in a person’s body, it stays there for life. […] CMV is spread through close contact with body fluids. Most people with CMV don’t get sick and don’t know that they’ve been infected. But infection with the virus can be serious in babies and people with weak immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities. […] A blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV. Most people with CMV don’t need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. […] CMV infection may be asymptomatic in healthy people, but it can be life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient. This activity reviews the role of health professionals working together to manage cytomegalovirus. […] Review the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by cytomegalovirus. […] Patients without CMV infection who receive organ transplants from CMV-infected donors should receive prophylactic treatment with valganciclovir or ganciclovir, and regular serological monitoring; if treated, the early establishment of a potentially life-threatening infection can be avoided.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Most children with CMV do not need to stay home from child care. It is so common, that there are probably other children with CMV in the child care program. Keep children home if they do not feel well enough to participate or if they require more care than can be provided without impacting the care of the other children. […] Most children infected with CMV get better on their own. Families should check with their child’s health care provider if they have questions or concerns about their child’s symptoms. […] Practicing healthy habits can reduce the risk CMV infections since people can be contagious for a short time or for weeks. There are no vaccines for CMV. […] Follow standard precautions for child care settings to avoid CMV exposure, including the following: Practice good handwashing. Wash hands after contact with a child’s pacifier and do not place a child’s pacifier in your own mouth. Wear gloves and wash hands for diaper changes and contact with body fluids. Teach children to cough into their elbow and away from people. Wipe noses with clean tissues, dispose of them properly, and wash your hands. Do not allow children to share food, bottles, toothbrushes, eating utensils, drinking cups, or mouthed toys. Do not allow children to place their hands, fingers, or objects contaminated with saliva (toys, pacifiers) in anyone else’s mouth. Follow the routine schedule for cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting in Caring for Our Children Appendix K.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause serious complications in people who have a compromised immune system, such as transplant recipients. […] If you’re pregnant, you can pass CMV to the fetus, which can cause congenital CMV. Congenital CMV is a condition that’s present at birth and can lead to hearing loss or developmental issues. […] If you get cytomegalovirus during pregnancy or shortly before getting pregnant, you can pass the virus through the placenta to the fetus. This increases the risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and your child being born with health issues. Complications of being born with CMV include vision or hearing loss and developmental delays. […] A provider can treat CMV with the antiviral medications ganciclovir (GCV) or valganciclovir (VGC). These drugs are given directly into your vein (IV infusion) or swallowed in a pill. Providers usually only treat CMV in people who have a compromised immune system or babies who are born with symptoms of CMV. […] If your child was diagnosed with CMV at birth, work closely with their pediatrician and other providers to make sure they get appropriate treatment. Starting speech and occupational therapy as soon as possible can minimize the impact of future hearing loss or developmental delays.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus – Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/cytomegalovirus

  Childcare and healthcare workers are among those at increased risk for exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV). […] CMV can cause serious birth defects in infants born to women infected during pregnancy. […] This page provides information about CMV for workers and employers, including infection prevention measures for: Childcare workers, Healthcare workers, Workers who are pregnant or may become pregnant and their sexual partners. […] Provides general guidelines for protecting workers from exposure to CMV, along with specific information for childcare and healthcare workers and employers.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cptriad.com/medical-conditions/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infection

  Because this virus is so common in child care settings, exclusion of a CMV-infected child to reduce disease transmission has no benefit. […] Cytomegalovirus exposure risk during pregnancy: Although most adults have their first CMV infection during childhood and are immune to the strains of CMV that have infected them, a pregnant woman who works with infants and toddlers or who is a mother with a child in child care is at increased risk of having a CMV infection during her pregnancy and infecting her fetus. […] To alert health professionals responsible for the health assessment of staff members of childbearing age about the need of their patient to be counseled about CMV risk, early education/child care center directors/ administrators should be sure CMV risk assessment and counseling are items on the staff health assessment form.

• #1

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-(cmv)-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of virus that stays in your body once you have been infected. When you are first infected, it may cause symptoms similar to mononucleosis, including fever, fatigue, aches, and sore throat. […] In otherwise healthy adults, CMV rarely causes serious symptoms. However, in immunocompromised (impaired immune system) patients, CMV can cause serious problems such as: Vision loss, Inflammation of the liver, colon, esophagus, or brain, Pneumonia. […] If you have HIV, are undergoing cancer treatment or have received an organ transplant, you should seek medical attention at any sign of an infection. […] In young children or immunocompromised patients, antiviral medicines can help slow and weaken the CMV virus. […] If you have serious symptoms, you may need supportive care such as fluids, fever reduction, or respiratory support.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

  https://www.iapac.org/fact-sheet/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can cause HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs). […] A healthy immune system keeps this virus in check. […] When immune defenses are weak, CMV can attack several parts of the body. […] The most common illness caused by CMV is retinitis. […] If your CD4 cell count is below 100 cells/mm3 and you experience any vision problems, tell your healthcare provider immediately. […] Some people who have recently started ART with very low CD4 cell counts can get inflammation in their eyes causing loss of vision. This is called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). […] The first treatments for CMV required daily intravenous (IV) infusions. […] CMV treatments have improved dramatically over the past several years. […] With strong HIV therapies, people can stop taking CMV drugs if their CD4 cell count goes over 150 cells/mm3 and stays there for at least 3 months.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The involvement of an interprofessional team can improve outcomes. Primary care providers, infectious disease specialists, transplant physicians, transplant nurses, and pharmacists can all be involved. […] Nurses monitor patients, educate them and their families, and update the team on changes in status. […] CMV can affect almost any organ in the body, and hence an interprofessional approach is necessary. […] However, in patients who are immunocompromised, receiving chemotherapy, or are using corticosteroids, CMV can have significant morbidity and mortality. […] Overall, patients with comorbidity and immunosuppression have poor prognosis.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection caused by a virus. Most people get infected during their life, but do not have any symptoms or have just mild symptoms. […] Some people get very sick from CMV infections, such as: People who have a weakened immune system, Women who are pregnant, because CMV can harm the fetus, Infants born premature or at a very low weight. […] If a woman is infected with CMV while they are pregnant, there is a risk they will transmit the CMV virus through their blood to the fetus. In some cases this can be harmful to the fetus. It can cause delays in development, hearing loss, and other birth defects. […] The best thing is to try to prevent congenital CMV infections. Women who are pregnant should avoid direct contact with children’s saliva and body fluids. Consider working with children ages 3 and older. Staff who are pregnant or expecting to become pregnant should consult with their health care provider about their occupational health risks.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  This sheet is about exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This information is based on available published literature. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider. […] Blood tests can be used to diagnose CMV infection in adults who have symptoms. Talk to your healthcare provider about your risk for CMV and what tests are right for you. […] Having CMV is not expected to make it harder to get pregnant. […] Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. It is not known if CMV increases the chance of miscarriage. […] When a person is pregnant and infected with CMV for the first time, there is about a 40% chance that it will pass to the fetus. When an old infection is reactivated, or you get a new strain of the virus during pregnancy, there may be a lower chance of passing the infection to the fetus than with a new infection.

• #1 Partners in Care | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is treated in the…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a very common viral infection that is related to a type of herpes virus and affects people of all ages. Approximately 1 to 4 in 100 women contract CMV during pregnancy. If a woman catches CMV during pregnancy, the pregnant mother has a 1 in 3 (33%) chance of passing CMV to the unborn baby. […] If you catch CMV during pregnancy, it very rarely causes complications for an unborn baby. However, its important to be monitored by your doctor, because for some babies, CMV can cause serious health problems. […] CMV is not associated with any health risks for the pregnant mother. Almost all severe CMV infections diagnosed in the fetus are the result of the pregnant mother contracting a CMV infection in the first 12 weeks of the pregnancy. […] If a fetus develops excess fluid in the sac surrounding the fetus (polyhydramnios), this can lead to maternal discomfort and, in some cases, problems with maternal breathing.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  About 3 in 10 people who get CMV for the first time in pregnancy will pass it on to their baby. Of these babies, about 1 in 10 will be born with symptoms. In total, about 1 or 2 out of every 10 babies infected with CMV during pregnancy will have a long-term health problem. […] If your baby is born with symptoms of congenital CMV, these may include: rash, small head size, enlarged liver and spleen, pneumonia, low platelet count. […] Congenital CMV also increases your baby’s risk of poor growth, miscarriage, stillbirth and death before 3 months of age. […] If your baby has abnormal hearing test results, your doctor may also recommend testing for CMV. […] If you have CMV during pregnancy, your baby should be tested for CMV after birth. […] Research is ongoing, but currently there’s no treatment that clearly lowers the risk of your unborn baby catching CMV during pregnancy.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpes family. […] In susceptible people, such as those with suppressed immunity or unborn babies, CMV can be a dangerous infection. […] In certain people, however, including transplant patients and pregnant women, the effects can be much more serious. […] CMV can infect virtually any organ of the human body. […] In the case of an organ transplant patient, the symptoms of CMV can be easily confused with rejection. […] For most people, a CMV infection poses no real health threat. […] Once a person has contracted CMV, they will carry it for life. […] Women can catch CMV during pregnancy and pass it on to their baby this is called congenital CMV. […] Pregnant women should wash their hands after handling bodily secretions from babies or children, for example, after changing nappies or wiping noses.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family, like the one that causes chickenpox (varicella zoster virus). CMV is the most common infection acquired before birth known as a „congenital” CMV infection in the United States. […] CMV infection is generally mild. Most newborns with congenital CMV infection have no signs of illness at birth and remain well. However, it may lead to hearing and developmental differences in infancy and childhood. […] About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have congenital disability or other long-term health issues. […] Babies born with congenital CMV infection may have hearing changes or a learning disability. […] Newborns may have low birth weight, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swollen lymph nodes, a small head compared to their body, an enlarged liver or a skin rash.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that’s usually harmless. Sometimes it causes problems in babies and people with a weakened immune system. […] The GP may arrange tests to find out if you’ve been infected with CMV. […] Babies born with congenital CMV may have tests to check their kidneys, liver, brain, eyes and hearing, and regular follow-up appointments until they’re around 5 years old. […] If cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not causing symptoms, you or your baby may not need any treatment. […] Antiviral medicine may be used to treat: babies diagnosed with congenital CMV after they’re born, people with a weakened immune system, people who have had a stem cell transplant or organ transplant. […] Treatment weakens the virus and lowers the chance of serious problems, but it does not cure the CMV infection.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  Ganciclovir has been used to treat CNS disease, including encephalitis and neuropathy, with mixed results. […] Valganciclovir is used for treatment in selected CMV cases. […] A major successful use of ganciclovir has been prophylactic or preemptive treatment of CMV disease in transplant recipients. Without preventive CMV therapy, 30-75% of transplant recipients develop CMV infection, and 8-30% develop CMV disease. […] Prophylaxis is provided to all patients who have positive CMV serology results. Positive findings on blood cultures, pp65 antigenemia, and CMV PCR have been used as markers for the initiation of therapy. […] Prophylactic approaches have been very successful in eliminating CMV disease; however, toxicities are increased with this approach because patients without viral reactivation may be exposed to antiviral therapy.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus Public Health Initiative | DHHS Division of Family Health

  https://familyhealth.utah.gov/cshcn/cmv/

  When infected with CMV, most people have no symptoms, but some may have symptoms resembling mononucleosis or influenza. People who develop a mononucleosis or flu-like illness during pregnancy should be tested for CMV. […] In order to identify infants at risk for congenital CMV-associated progressive hearing loss, infants who fail the second hearing screening, unilaterally or bilaterally, should be tested for CMV no later than 3 weeks of age. […] These infants should undergo a complete diagnostic audiologic evaluation as soon as possible. Frequent audiologic re-assessment is also needed to promptly identify and treat late-onset or progressive hearing loss, both hallmarks of cCMV-induced hearing loss. […] A referral to the Baby Watch Early Intervention Program should also be made. A CMV positive diagnosis is an automatic qualifier for Early Intervention services. […] Because cCMV related symptoms, like hearing loss, may have delayed onset and/or be progressive, it is important infected infants receive timely follow-up.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus Public Health Initiative | DHHS Division of Family Health

  https://familyhealth.utah.gov/cshcn/cmv/

  The CMV program educates pregnant people of childbearing age and community stakeholders on the risks of CMV during pregnancy and facilitates CMV testing on eligible infants to allow for early detection and intervention in an effort to reduce the effects of congenital infection. […] CMV testing should be completed before 21 days of age on infants who fail both their initial and repeat newborn hearing screenings (NBHS) or fail their first NBHS at age 14 days or older. Many birthing hospitals in Utah also follow best practice and complete CMV testing on infants with risk factors. […] Congenital CMV testing for an infant is simple and painless. It is accomplished using either a urine or saliva sample. […] This testing is time-sensitive and the urine or saliva sample must be taken before your baby is 21 days old to be accurate for the detection of congenital CMV infection.

• #1 Partners in Care | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is treated in the…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/cytomegalovirus-infection

  A vaginal delivery is safe for babies with CMV. Most women with a baby in utero with CMV will be allowed to go into spontaneous labor near their due date. […] Treating the pregnant mother with a high dose of Valtrex, a drug used to treat genital herpes, has been associated with a 50% increase in the chance of the newborn not showing any signs of CMV. […] After birth, your baby will undergo testing of their urine or saliva to determine if a CMV infection is present. Your baby’s blood will be drawn to examine blood counts and to assess for liver problems. […] The Comprehensive Fetal Care Center, a clinical partnership between Dell Children’s Medical Center and UT Health Austin, takes a multidisciplinary approach to your child’s care.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Ultrasound can show some of the issues caused by congenital CMV, such as slow growth, small head size, large placenta, and changes in brain structure. However, many babies with congenital CMV will not show any signs of infection on ultrasound. Issues such as intellectual disability and learning problems cannot be seen on ultrasound and may not be known until the child gets older. […] At this time, there is no known treatment that can completely prevent all the symptoms or long-term effects of congenital CMV. Using antiviral medication when there is a CMV infection in pregnancy might lower the chance the virus will pass to the fetus. Newborns with CMV may be given antiviral medication. This may reduce the baby’s chance for hearing loss, eye disease, and learning problems. Talk with your healthcare providers about what treatments are recommended for you and your baby.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can cause flu-like illness or even no symptoms. […] Anyone with a weakened immune system is at risk for problems with CMV infection. […] Regular handwashing with soap and water, particularly after changing diapers, can help prevent the spread of infection. […] Before an organ or bone marrow transplant, both the patient and donor will be tested for exposure to CMV as well as to other viruses. […] An antiviral medication may be used to treat a cytomegalovirus infection in people whose immune systems are weakened or for transplant patients. […] Additionally, cellular therapy may be used to treat CMV in patients with a weakened immune system. […] Healthy people infected with CMV usually do not need medication. […] Most children should get better in a couple of weeks after an infection.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  There are various CMV-treatment approaches based on the patients CMV status and co-morbidities. Some patients receive prophylaxis whereas some receive preemptive therapy. Prophylaxis is given to a patient to prevent primary, reactivation, or recurrent infection. Preemptive therapy is given to asymptomatic CMV-infected patients with CMV detected by screening tests. Some studies have shown that high-dose acyclovir or valacyclovir prophylaxis markedly reduces CMV infection in allo-HSCT recipients. Intravenous ganciclovir also has been tested, with some reduction in CMV infection; however, this did not provide overall survival benefit and was associated with bone marrow suppression (ganciclovir-induced neutropenia). […] The drug of choice for the treatment of CMV disease is intravenous ganciclovir, although valganciclovir may be used for nonsevere CMV treatment in selected cases.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  Letermovir is indicated for prophylaxis of CMV infection and disease in adult CMV-seropositive recipients [R+] of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). […] CMV immune globulin has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prophylaxis of CMV disease in high-risk lung transplant recipients when given in conjunction with ganciclovir. […] Patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease must be well hydrated. […] Nutrition is an important factor because many patients are debilitated by transplant or HIV disease. […] As with any patient, attention must be focused on avoiding iatrogenic infections and problems.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Newborns

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/cytomegalovirus-cmv-in-newborns

  CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a type of herpes virus. It’s very common. It affects people of all ages and in all parts of the U.S. In most cases, CMV causes mild symptoms, or no symptoms at all. But it can cause serious problems in an unborn baby or newborn. […] Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. Treatment is not always recommended for healthy newborns with no symptoms. The type and length of treatment depends on symptoms and risk factors in the baby. […] Treatment with medicine that works against the virus (ganciclovir or valganciclovir) is recommended for some babies with CMV. Babies may get this treatment if they have the following: […] Some newborns with CMV may be treated with antiviral medicine. […] Washing hands with soap and water works well to remove the virus from the hands to prevent spreading CMV.

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Infants with congenital CMV infection may not show signs of infection at birth. Still, some may develop changes in hearing or other health needs in childhood. […] Medical treatment is recommended for newborns with congenital CMV who have signs of illness. Even with treatment, babies with CMV infection may have or develop hearing changes or other developmental challenges. […] Serious CMV infections in children with immune system compromise, such as those with HIV infection or an organ transplant, can be treated with a medicine called ganciclovir or valganciclovir. This medicine is also used to treat newborns with moderate or severe congenital CMV disease.

• #1 Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus group of infections. Like herpes, it is inactive at times, but it is incurable and is a lifetime infection. […] If we find that your baby has been infected with CMV, treatment should begin right away to ensure that the condition has a minimal effect on her health. […] Here at Boston Children’s, physicians in our Division of Infectious Diseases care for children and adolescents with a variety of infections, including treating children with congenital cytomegalovirus. […] We treat babies born with congenital CMV with a course of intravenous antiviral medication over a period of several weeks. […] The most commonly used treatments for congenital CMV are called ganciclovir and valganciclovir. […] If your child is treated early, there should be no serious consequences of CMV. However, if treatment is delayed, your child may suffer some serious health problems as a result of the infection.

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/BabyBumps/comments/jz81gx/working_as_a_nurse_and_worried_about/

  I am 9 weeks today. I work in ICU recently had a patient who had CMV, we didnt know until ran some tests and I happened to be looking after her when the results came back. I was wearing a mask and googles anyway due do covid precautions but Im still stressing! […] They allocated me to look after her again the next day but I had to say Im unable to because Im pregnant. Now Im worried about having being exposed to it. […] Anyone had any experience with CMV pregnancy?

• #1

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/cmv-and-pregnancy.aspx

  Pregnant women diagnosed with primary CMV infection should be referred for specialist follow-up. […] Pregnant women are recommended to take steps to reduce their risk of exposure to CMV and so reduce the risk of their developing baby becoming infected. Preventive steps include: wash hands often with soap and running water for at least 15 seconds and dry them thoroughly. This should be done especially after close contact with young children, changing nappies, blowing noses, feeding a young child, and handling children’s toys, dummies/soothers. […] Child care workers who are pregnant or considering pregnancy should pay particular attention to good hand hygiene, especially after changing nappies or assisting with blowing noses or toileting. […] Pregnant women diagnosed with primary (first) CMV infection should be referred for specialist follow up and counselling in order to receive up to date information about the risks and benefits of the available treatments, which are currently experimental.

• #1 Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus. […] Most people recover in 4 to 6 weeks without medicine for CMV. Rest is needed, sometimes for a month or longer to regain full activity levels. Painkillers and warm salt-water gargles can help relieve symptoms. […] Antiviral medicines and antibody therapy are usually not used in people with healthy immune function, but may be used for people with an impaired immune system. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if you have symptoms of CMV infection. […] CMV infection can be contagious if the infected person comes in close or intimate contact with another person. You should avoid kissing and sexual contact with an infected person.

• #1 Navigating Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Latest Trends in Prevention and Care | Meridian Bioscience

  https://www.meridianbioscience.com/diagnostics-blog/navigating-congenital-cytomegalovirus-latest-trends-in-prevention-and-care/

  Prevention plays a critical role in the fight against congenital CMV. […] Simple hygiene practices, such as hand washing, avoiding sharing food and utensils with young children, and refraining from kissing children on the lips, can significantly reduce the risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. […] For infants born with congenital CMV, early intervention is key to managing potential health complications. […] Antiviral medications, such as valganciclovir, have been used to treat symptomatic congenital CMV, showing improvements in hearing and developmental outcomes in some cases. […] Supporting families affected by congenital CMV is an essential aspect of care. […] Parental education on the implications of CMV and the importance of early intervention can empower families to seek the necessary support and resources. […] The latest trends in CMV testing and management offer new pathways for reducing the impact of this infection on the most vulnerable.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  If your baby tests positive for CMV, your doctor may recommend regular hearing tests and eye checks to identify any issues early. […] The best way to reduce your chance of infection with CMV is by practising good hygiene. Try to reduce your chance of contact with body fluids that may be contaminated with CMV. […] If you have any concerns, you can discuss them with your doctor or midwife.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

  https://www.iapac.org/fact-sheet/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  The best way to prevent CMV disease is to get tested and start ART before CD4 cell counts are low. […] Discuss the side effects of any CMV treatment with your healthcare provider. […] Strong ARVs are the best way to prevent CMV. […] If your CD4 cell count is below 100 cells/mm3, talk with your healthcare provider about CMV prevention and a regular schedule of eye exams. […] Treatments directly in the eye make it possible to control CMV retinitis. […] Most people can safely stop taking CMV medication when they take ARVs, and if their CD4 cell counts go up and stay above 150 cells/mm3.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  The best way to lower the chance of getting cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy is to: wash your hands using soap and water especially after changing nappies, feeding young children or wiping their nose, regularly wash toys or other items that may have young children’s saliva or pee on them, avoid sharing food, cutlery and drinking glasses, or putting a child’s dummy in your mouth, avoid kissing young children on their mouth. […] Pregnant women who work closely with children or already have a young family are more at risk of getting CMV.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus Specialists and Care Centers | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/cytomegalovirus-disease/specialists-and-care-centers

  The Northwestern Medicine Division of Infectious Disease has been providing quality outpatient care for cytomegalovirus and other infectious diseases since 1978. […] The Division of Infectious Disease offers: Comprehensive assessment and medical treatment, Medication evaluation and teaching by a pharmacist, Clinical social work services, Patient/family education, Home healthcare coordination, Consultation with a patients primary physician, Clinical research studies, Infusion therapy services. […] The Division of Infectious Disease staff includes an interdisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, social workers, pharmacists and advanced practice nurses, all dedicated to improving the health of those living with acute and chronic infectious diseases. […] We are concerned about both the medical aspects of infection and the impact of illness on the emotional wellbeing of patients and their families. […] A CMV infection may be severe when a patient is taking antirejection medication. […] CMV can spread from the mother to the unborn baby during pregnancy, during delivery or through breastfeeding. Take preventive measures during pregnancy.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cytomegalovirus

  Some ways to help prevent a CMV infection include: Practice good hand washing, especially after changing diapers, as the virus is found in the urine of a person infected with the virus. […] Avoid contact with anyone who is sick. […] Avoid crowds. You may be asked to keep your child away from crowds and out of school or daycare for the first three months or during high-risk periods following transplant or during chemotherapy treatment. […] Avoid kissing, as the virus may also be passed along to someone through kissing or sexual contact.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/cytomegalovirus/control-prevention

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) poses significant risks to developing fetuses. Women who are pregnant or who may become pregnant should be informed of these risks. […] To prevent or reduce workers’ cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection risk, employers should develop an infection control plan that addresses sources of CMV exposure and infection prevention measures. […] A comprehensive infection control plan will include training on CMV risks. A recommended best practice is for employers to explain CMV risks to employees prior to them becoming pregnant. […] Consider encouraging workers who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, or those whose sexual partner(s) is or is planning to become pregnant, to discuss potential CMV risks with their healthcare provider. […] Provide disposable gloves and encourage employees to use them for any activities that involve contact with body fluids.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/cytomegalovirus/control-prevention

  To minimize infection risk, childcare workers should treat all body fluids as if they are infectious, and avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with young children. […] Childcare workers concerned about CMV exposure should talk to their healthcare provider about the virus, their infection risk, and ways to keep themselves healthy. […] Healthcare workers routinely have exposure to potentially infectious body fluids. Following the guidelines of OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen standard and routinely following standard precautions can help protect healthcare workers from most potential sources of CMV infection. […] Workers who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid potential CMV infection sources to prevent possibly passing the infection to their fetus.

• #1 Information for Child Care and Education Professionals – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cytomegalovirus/childcareeduc.html

  Professionals who work in child care and educational settings are at increased risk of contact with young children with cytomegalovirus (CMV). […] Learning about CMV and how exposures occur is an important step in reducing your risk of getting CMV. […] Teaching and supporting children and families impacted by the virus are also important roles for child care and educational professionals. […] People who work closely with young children in places like child care centers, schools, or who provide family child care within their home have a higher risk of getting a CMV infection than those who dont work in such settings. […] Discuss CMV with your health care provider if you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant. […] Child care and education professionals should help teach parents of babies and young children about CMV and ways that they can reduce their risk of getting CMV.

• #1 Pediatric Cytomegalovirus Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/963090-treatment

  Medical care of cytomegalovirus (CMV) consists of good nutritional support, vigorous supportive care for end-organ syndromes (particularly pneumonia in immunocompromised patients), and specific antiviral therapy in select circumstances. […] Some children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection require orthopedic interventions (eg, for cerebral palsy) and gastrostomy placement for enteral nutrition. […] Depending on the patient and associated risk factors, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is encountered by obstetricians, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, oncologists, critical care physicians, and other healthcare providers. Appropriate consultations with surgeons, developmental specialists, pathologists, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and gastroenterologists may be necessary. […] Until the goal of a CMV vaccine is realized, educating women of childbearing age about the risks of CMV and about how to avoid disease transmission are the only control strategies available.

• #1 Navigating Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Latest Trends in Prevention and Care | Meridian Bioscience

  https://www.meridianbioscience.com/diagnostics-blog/navigating-congenital-cytomegalovirus-latest-trends-in-prevention-and-care/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant public health concern, posing serious risks to unborn babies when mothers become infected with CMV during pregnancy. […] Understanding and managing CMV infection is crucial. Recent advancements in CMV testing and care strategies have brought new hope to families and healthcare providers alike. […] CMV testing during pregnancy is paramount for the early identification and management of potential infections. […] Early detection through cytomegalovirus testing can lead to interventions that may reduce the impact of the infection on the unborn child. […] For pregnant women, CMV pregnancy testing has become an integral part of prenatal care. […] By identifying CMV infection early, healthcare providers can monitor the pregnancy more closely and consider interventions that might minimize the risk to the fetus.

• #1 Reimagining congenital cytomegalovirus care in British Columbia | British Columbia Medical Journal

  https://bcmj.org/articles/reimagining-congenital-cytomegalovirus-care-british-columbia

  Cytomegalovirus is the most common congenital infection in British Columbia and Canada, but current models of care are suboptimal for affected children and families. This review aimed to understand caregiver and health care provider perceptions about current care models for congenital cytomegalovirus. Caregivers stressed the need for improved cytomegalovirus education, prevention, and diagnostic processes. Health care providers expressed concerns about testing delays; access to care; and uncertainty regarding diagnosis, clinical practice guidelines, and management of the infection. The current model of care for congenital cytomegalovirus lacks a coordinated approach among teams with specific knowledge about the infection. Infants who are affected by congenital cytomegalovirus, where the infection is transmitted perinatally, are at risk of serious morbidity and require timely diagnosis and treatment and long-term follow-up with multidisciplinary teams. Early identification of congenital cytomegalovirus is crucial for initiating timely treatment, which has shown significant benefits in improving hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes when started in the first month of life. Infants with moderate to severe congenital cytomegalovirus should have timely referral to a multidisciplinary team comprising pediatricians; infectious diseases specialists; audiologists; ear, nose, and throat specialists; and infant development programs. Infants who do not meet treatment criteria because they are mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic are still at risk for adverse outcomes and need ongoing hearing and developmental surveillance, as well as general pediatric care. The findings guided the design of combined maternal and infant care for congenital cytomegalovirus in BC through the Oak Tree Clinic as we work toward improved standards of care for congenital cytomegalovirus in BC and across Canada.

• #1 Cytomegalovirus | Infection Control | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/cytomegalovirus.html

  Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel who have an exposure to cytomegalovirus. […] Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel with active cytomegalovirus infection. […] Using infection prevention and control practices as recommended by CDC prevents transmission of CMV in healthcare settings. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is not administered after exposure to CMV. No treatment for CMV infection in healthy adults is indicated. For pregnant or immunocompromised HCP who develop signs and symptoms compatible with CMV infection, referral to their obstetric provider, infectious diseases specialist, or transplant team may be indicated for counseling or to discuss the possible need for further diagnostic testing and management.

• #1 Care of Children Infected with Cytomegalovirus – American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS)

  https://www.entnet.org/resource/care-of-children-infected-with-cytomegalovirus/

  The risk for transmission of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), a common in-utero infection and a leading cause of childhood hearing loss, in healthcare settings, daycare and schools including for pregnant workers is low. […] Members of the Joint OHA/OMA Communicable disease Surveillance Protocols Committee published a cytomegalovirus surveillance protocol for all Ontario Hospitals in 2017. […] They concluded that CMV is not an occupational health and safety risk even for pregnant women if routine practices are followed. Routine practices include careful hand hygiene after all patient and patient environment contact, and the wearing of gloves if healthcare workers expect to contact body secretions or mucous membranes. […] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website published similar recommendations for Healthcare workers, and childcare workers and teachers, regarding CMV and other infectious agents. […] Since not all children undergo CMV testing and most with CMV show no signs of this infection, workers and staff must follow these precautions for all children. These precautions should also apply to daycare workers or staff who work in schools and who are in contact with young children.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a wide-spread virus, with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe end-organ dysfunction in immunocompromised patients with congenital CMV disease. […] CMV infection may be asymptomatic in healthy people, but it can be life-threatening in an immunocompromised patient. This activity reviews the role of health professionals working together to manage cytomegalovirus. […] Review the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by cytomegalovirus. […] Patients without CMV infection who receive organ transplants from CMV-infected donors should receive prophylactic treatment with valganciclovir or ganciclovir, and regular serological monitoring; if treated, the early establishment of a potentially life-threatening infection can be avoided.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  There are various CMV-treatment approaches based on the patients CMV status and co-morbidities. Some patients receive prophylaxis whereas some receive preemptive therapy. Prophylaxis is given to a patient to prevent primary, reactivation, or recurrent infection. Preemptive therapy is given to asymptomatic CMV-infected patients with CMV detected by screening tests. Some studies have shown that high-dose acyclovir or valacyclovir prophylaxis markedly reduces CMV infection in allo-HSCT recipients. Intravenous ganciclovir also has been tested, with some reduction in CMV infection; however, this did not provide overall survival benefit and was associated with bone marrow suppression (ganciclovir-induced neutropenia). […] The drug of choice for the treatment of CMV disease is intravenous ganciclovir, although valganciclovir may be used for nonsevere CMV treatment in selected cases.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The involvement of an interprofessional team can improve outcomes. Primary care providers, infectious disease specialists, transplant physicians, transplant nurses, and pharmacists can all be involved. […] Nurses monitor patients, educate them and their families, and update the team on changes in status. […] CMV can affect almost any organ in the body, and hence an interprofessional approach is necessary. […] However, in patients who are immunocompromised, receiving chemotherapy, or are using corticosteroids, CMV can have significant morbidity and mortality. […] Overall, patients with comorbidity and immunosuppression have poor prognosis.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Most children with CMV do not need to stay home from child care. It is so common, that there are probably other children with CMV in the child care program. Keep children home if they do not feel well enough to participate or if they require more care than can be provided without impacting the care of the other children. […] Most children infected with CMV get better on their own. Families should check with their child’s health care provider if they have questions or concerns about their child’s symptoms. […] Practicing healthy habits can reduce the risk CMV infections since people can be contagious for a short time or for weeks. There are no vaccines for CMV. […] Follow standard precautions for child care settings to avoid CMV exposure, including the following: Practice good handwashing. Wash hands after contact with a child’s pacifier and do not place a child’s pacifier in your own mouth. Wear gloves and wash hands for diaper changes and contact with body fluids. Teach children to cough into their elbow and away from people. Wipe noses with clean tissues, dispose of them properly, and wash your hands. Do not allow children to share food, bottles, toothbrushes, eating utensils, drinking cups, or mouthed toys. Do not allow children to place their hands, fingers, or objects contaminated with saliva (toys, pacifiers) in anyone else’s mouth. Follow the routine schedule for cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting in Caring for Our Children Appendix K.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (also called CMV) is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. […] If you get infected with CMV during pregnancy, it may cause pregnancy loss or serious health problems in your baby, including preterm birth or low birthweight, or hearing loss at birth or later in life. […] CMV is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. One in 3 pregnant people passes the infection on to their babies. If you have CMV during pregnancy, the virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby. […] When a baby gets CMV during pregnancy, its called congenital CMV. Congenital means that its present at birth. […] There is no cure for CMV, but medications can control infections. Most healthy adults with CMV dont need treatment. This includes during pregnancy.

• #2 Information for Child Care and Education Professionals – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cytomegalovirus/childcareeduc.html

  Professionals who work in child care and educational settings are at increased risk of contact with young children with cytomegalovirus (CMV). […] Learning about CMV and how exposures occur is an important step in reducing your risk of getting CMV. […] Teaching and supporting children and families impacted by the virus are also important roles for child care and educational professionals. […] People who work closely with young children in places like child care centers, schools, or who provide family child care within their home have a higher risk of getting a CMV infection than those who dont work in such settings. […] Discuss CMV with your health care provider if you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant. […] Child care and education professionals should help teach parents of babies and young children about CMV and ways that they can reduce their risk of getting CMV.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.pedcarespecialists.com/medical-conditions/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infection

  Cytomegalovirus is the most common viral infection that babies are born with, affecting 0.5% to 1.0% of all births. Most infected newborns do not have any illness or disability. However, 10% to 20% of infected newborns have sensorineural hearing loss, developmental disabilities, cerebral palsy, or vision disturbances. […] The risk of CMV exposure is greatest in settings that care for children who are younger than 3 years. It must be assumed that exposure to the virus among children and caregivers will occur. Hand hygiene substantially reduces but does not eliminate the spread of infection because young children have frequent runny noses, drool on and mouth objects, touch many surfaces, and need diapering or toileting assistance. […] Because this virus is so common in child care settings, exclusion of a CMV-infected child to reduce disease transmission has no benefit. Testing young children for excretion of the virus or performing CMV antibody tests for young children because they are in a group care setting is not appropriate because infection with the virus is so prevalent.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/cytomegalovirus/control-prevention

  To minimize infection risk, childcare workers should treat all body fluids as if they are infectious, and avoid sharing food, drinks, or utensils with young children. […] Childcare workers concerned about CMV exposure should talk to their healthcare provider about the virus, their infection risk, and ways to keep themselves healthy. […] Healthcare workers routinely have exposure to potentially infectious body fluids. Following the guidelines of OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen standard and routinely following standard precautions can help protect healthcare workers from most potential sources of CMV infection. […] Workers who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid potential CMV infection sources to prevent possibly passing the infection to their fetus.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.pedcarespecialists.com/medical-conditions/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infection

  Cytomegalovirus exposure risk during pregnancy: Although most adults have their first CMV infection during childhood and are immune to the strains of CMV that have infected them, a pregnant woman who works with infants and toddlers or who is a mother with a child in child care is at increased risk of having a CMV infection during her pregnancy and infecting her fetus. This could be her first CMV infection or an infection with a different strain of CMV than she previously experienced. […] To alert health professionals responsible for the health assessment of staff members of childbearing age about the need of their patient to be counseled about CMV risk, early education/child care center directors/ administrators should be sure CMV risk assessment and counseling are items on the staff health assessment form.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  Ganciclovir has been used to treat CNS disease, including encephalitis and neuropathy, with mixed results. […] Valganciclovir is used for treatment in selected CMV cases. […] A major successful use of ganciclovir has been prophylactic or preemptive treatment of CMV disease in transplant recipients. Without preventive CMV therapy, 30-75% of transplant recipients develop CMV infection, and 8-30% develop CMV disease. […] Prophylaxis is provided to all patients who have positive CMV serology results. Positive findings on blood cultures, pp65 antigenemia, and CMV PCR have been used as markers for the initiation of therapy. […] Prophylactic approaches have been very successful in eliminating CMV disease; however, toxicities are increased with this approach because patients without viral reactivation may be exposed to antiviral therapy.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  People with weakened immune systems may need treatment with an antiviral medicine. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications. Antiviral medication may lower your babys risk of developing health problems and hearing loss. […] CMV can be transmitted to your baby through breast milk while nursing. If you have CMV, you can nurse your baby if they were full term at birth. However, if your baby was born before 30 weeks of pregnancy and weighs less than 3.3 pounds (1,500 grams), talk to your provider before nursing.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that often doesn’t cause any symptoms, but it can be dangerous for your baby if you catch it during pregnancy. […] Most unborn babies who are infected with CMV won’t have any problems, but a very small number will have poor hearing and vision, developmental delay or intellectual disability. […] It’s possible for an unborn baby to become infected with CMV, especially if you are infected for the first time while you are pregnant. This can sometimes cause serious problems for your baby. […] You are more likely to pass the virus on to your baby if you have a primary CMV infection during pregnancy. CMV can spread to your baby at any stage of pregnancy, but risk is higher in the first half of pregnancy. […] Most babies born with CMV don’t have symptoms or health problems as a result of the virus, but some do. Your baby is more likely to be affected you contract CMV for the first time during pregnancy.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus Public Health Initiative | DHHS Division of Family Health

  https://familyhealth.utah.gov/cshcn/cmv/

  When infected with CMV, most people have no symptoms, but some may have symptoms resembling mononucleosis or influenza. People who develop a mononucleosis or flu-like illness during pregnancy should be tested for CMV. […] In order to identify infants at risk for congenital CMV-associated progressive hearing loss, infants who fail the second hearing screening, unilaterally or bilaterally, should be tested for CMV no later than 3 weeks of age. […] These infants should undergo a complete diagnostic audiologic evaluation as soon as possible. Frequent audiologic re-assessment is also needed to promptly identify and treat late-onset or progressive hearing loss, both hallmarks of cCMV-induced hearing loss. […] A referral to the Baby Watch Early Intervention Program should also be made. A CMV positive diagnosis is an automatic qualifier for Early Intervention services. […] Because cCMV related symptoms, like hearing loss, may have delayed onset and/or be progressive, it is important infected infants receive timely follow-up.

• #2

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-(cmv)-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of virus that stays in your body once you have been infected. When you are first infected, it may cause symptoms similar to mononucleosis, including fever, fatigue, aches, and sore throat. […] In otherwise healthy adults, CMV rarely causes serious symptoms. However, in immunocompromised (impaired immune system) patients, CMV can cause serious problems such as: Vision loss, Inflammation of the liver, colon, esophagus, or brain, Pneumonia. […] If you have HIV, are undergoing cancer treatment or have received an organ transplant, you should seek medical attention at any sign of an infection. […] In young children or immunocompromised patients, antiviral medicines can help slow and weaken the CMV virus. […] If you have serious symptoms, you may need supportive care such as fluids, fever reduction, or respiratory support.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

  https://www.iapac.org/fact-sheet/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can cause HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs). […] A healthy immune system keeps this virus in check. […] When immune defenses are weak, CMV can attack several parts of the body. […] The most common illness caused by CMV is retinitis. […] If your CD4 cell count is below 100 cells/mm3 and you experience any vision problems, tell your healthcare provider immediately. […] Some people who have recently started ART with very low CD4 cell counts can get inflammation in their eyes causing loss of vision. This is called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). […] The first treatments for CMV required daily intravenous (IV) infusions. […] CMV treatments have improved dramatically over the past several years. […] With strong HIV therapies, people can stop taking CMV drugs if their CD4 cell count goes over 150 cells/mm3 and stays there for at least 3 months.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  About 3 in 10 people who get CMV for the first time in pregnancy will pass it on to their baby. Of these babies, about 1 in 10 will be born with symptoms. In total, about 1 or 2 out of every 10 babies infected with CMV during pregnancy will have a long-term health problem. […] If your baby is born with symptoms of congenital CMV, these may include: rash, small head size, enlarged liver and spleen, pneumonia, low platelet count. […] Congenital CMV also increases your baby’s risk of poor growth, miscarriage, stillbirth and death before 3 months of age. […] If your baby has abnormal hearing test results, your doctor may also recommend testing for CMV. […] If you have CMV during pregnancy, your baby should be tested for CMV after birth. […] Research is ongoing, but currently there’s no treatment that clearly lowers the risk of your unborn baby catching CMV during pregnancy.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family, like the one that causes chickenpox (varicella zoster virus). CMV is the most common infection acquired before birth known as a „congenital” CMV infection in the United States. […] CMV infection is generally mild. Most newborns with congenital CMV infection have no signs of illness at birth and remain well. However, it may lead to hearing and developmental differences in infancy and childhood. […] About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have congenital disability or other long-term health issues. […] Babies born with congenital CMV infection may have hearing changes or a learning disability. […] Newborns may have low birth weight, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swollen lymph nodes, a small head compared to their body, an enlarged liver or a skin rash.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Infants with congenital CMV infection may not show signs of infection at birth. Still, some may develop changes in hearing or other health needs in childhood. […] Medical treatment is recommended for newborns with congenital CMV who have signs of illness. Even with treatment, babies with CMV infection may have or develop hearing changes or other developmental challenges. […] Serious CMV infections in children with immune system compromise, such as those with HIV infection or an organ transplant, can be treated with a medicine called ganciclovir or valganciclovir. This medicine is also used to treat newborns with moderate or severe congenital CMV disease.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  This sheet is about exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This information is based on available published literature. It should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider. […] Blood tests can be used to diagnose CMV infection in adults who have symptoms. Talk to your healthcare provider about your risk for CMV and what tests are right for you. […] Having CMV is not expected to make it harder to get pregnant. […] Miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. It is not known if CMV increases the chance of miscarriage. […] When a person is pregnant and infected with CMV for the first time, there is about a 40% chance that it will pass to the fetus. When an old infection is reactivated, or you get a new strain of the virus during pregnancy, there may be a lower chance of passing the infection to the fetus than with a new infection.

• #2 Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/adult-child-serv/childrenfamilies/ehdi/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cold-like virus that is harmless to most people. If CMV passes through the placenta to a growing baby, it can cause birth defects such as hearing loss and developmental delays. […] One in every 150 babies in the US are born with congenital CMV. One in five babies born with congenital CMV will have long-term disabilities and health problems. Congenital CMV can cause hearing loss, vision loss, cerebral palsy, seizures, learning and cognitive problems. […] The best way to protect your baby from congenital CMV is to protect yourself. […] Healthcare providers can order tests to identify CMV infection. Testing for congenital CMV infection in babies is different than testing for CMV in adults. Congenital CMV testing for a baby is simple and painless. It is done using either a urine or saliva sample. This testing must be done before the baby is 21 days old to confirm if the baby has congenital CMV.

• #2 Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-cytomegalovirus-cmv-infection

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a disease caused by a type of herpes virus. […] Most people recover in 4 to 6 weeks without medicine for CMV. Rest is needed, sometimes for a month or longer to regain full activity levels. Painkillers and warm salt-water gargles can help relieve symptoms. […] Antiviral medicines and antibody therapy are usually not used in people with healthy immune function, but may be used for people with an impaired immune system. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if you have symptoms of CMV infection. […] CMV infection can be contagious if the infected person comes in close or intimate contact with another person. You should avoid kissing and sexual contact with an infected person.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  Letermovir is indicated for prophylaxis of CMV infection and disease in adult CMV-seropositive recipients [R+] of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). […] CMV immune globulin has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prophylaxis of CMV disease in high-risk lung transplant recipients when given in conjunction with ganciclovir. […] Patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease must be well hydrated. […] Nutrition is an important factor because many patients are debilitated by transplant or HIV disease. […] As with any patient, attention must be focused on avoiding iatrogenic infections and problems.

• #2 Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus related to the herpes virus group of infections. Like herpes, it is inactive at times, but it is incurable and is a lifetime infection. […] If we find that your baby has been infected with CMV, treatment should begin right away to ensure that the condition has a minimal effect on her health. […] Here at Boston Children’s, physicians in our Division of Infectious Diseases care for children and adolescents with a variety of infections, including treating children with congenital cytomegalovirus. […] We treat babies born with congenital CMV with a course of intravenous antiviral medication over a period of several weeks. […] The most commonly used treatments for congenital CMV are called ganciclovir and valganciclovir. […] If your child is treated early, there should be no serious consequences of CMV. However, if treatment is delayed, your child may suffer some serious health problems as a result of the infection.

• #2 Congenital Cytomegalovirus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-cytomegalovirus

  Physicians in our Division of Infectious Diseases treats congenital cytomegalovirus in infants. […] We treat babies born with congenital cytomegalovirus with a course of intravenous antiviral medication over a period of several weeks. The most commonly used treatments for congenital cytomegalovirus are called ganciclovir and valganciclovir. […] It’s important to know the following about CMV: If your baby is born with CMV, we’ll begin treating him right away.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that’s usually harmless. Sometimes it causes problems in babies and people with a weakened immune system. […] The GP may arrange tests to find out if you’ve been infected with CMV. […] Babies born with congenital CMV may have tests to check their kidneys, liver, brain, eyes and hearing, and regular follow-up appointments until they’re around 5 years old. […] If cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not causing symptoms, you or your baby may not need any treatment. […] Antiviral medicine may be used to treat: babies diagnosed with congenital CMV after they’re born, people with a weakened immune system, people who have had a stem cell transplant or organ transplant. […] Treatment weakens the virus and lowers the chance of serious problems, but it does not cure the CMV infection.

• #2

  https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/cmv-and-pregnancy.aspx

  Pregnant women diagnosed with primary CMV infection should be referred for specialist follow-up. […] Pregnant women are recommended to take steps to reduce their risk of exposure to CMV and so reduce the risk of their developing baby becoming infected. Preventive steps include: wash hands often with soap and running water for at least 15 seconds and dry them thoroughly. This should be done especially after close contact with young children, changing nappies, blowing noses, feeding a young child, and handling children’s toys, dummies/soothers. […] Child care workers who are pregnant or considering pregnancy should pay particular attention to good hand hygiene, especially after changing nappies or assisting with blowing noses or toileting. […] Pregnant women diagnosed with primary (first) CMV infection should be referred for specialist follow up and counselling in order to receive up to date information about the risks and benefits of the available treatments, which are currently experimental.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  The best way to lower the chance of getting cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy is to: wash your hands using soap and water especially after changing nappies, feeding young children or wiping their nose, regularly wash toys or other items that may have young children’s saliva or pee on them, avoid sharing food, cutlery and drinking glasses, or putting a child’s dummy in your mouth, avoid kissing young children on their mouth. […] Pregnant women who work closely with children or already have a young family are more at risk of getting CMV.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/cytomegalovirus

  Some ways to help prevent a CMV infection include: Practice good hand washing, especially after changing diapers, as the virus is found in the urine of a person infected with the virus. […] Avoid contact with anyone who is sick. […] Avoid crowds. You may be asked to keep your child away from crowds and out of school or daycare for the first three months or during high-risk periods following transplant or during chemotherapy treatment. […] Avoid kissing, as the virus may also be passed along to someone through kissing or sexual contact.

• #2 Pediatric Cytomegalovirus Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/963090-treatment

  Medical care of cytomegalovirus (CMV) consists of good nutritional support, vigorous supportive care for end-organ syndromes (particularly pneumonia in immunocompromised patients), and specific antiviral therapy in select circumstances. […] Some children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection require orthopedic interventions (eg, for cerebral palsy) and gastrostomy placement for enteral nutrition. […] Depending on the patient and associated risk factors, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is encountered by obstetricians, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, oncologists, critical care physicians, and other healthcare providers. Appropriate consultations with surgeons, developmental specialists, pathologists, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and gastroenterologists may be necessary. […] Until the goal of a CMV vaccine is realized, educating women of childbearing age about the risks of CMV and about how to avoid disease transmission are the only control strategies available.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus Specialists and Care Centers | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/cytomegalovirus-disease/specialists-and-care-centers

  The Northwestern Medicine Division of Infectious Disease has been providing quality outpatient care for cytomegalovirus and other infectious diseases since 1978. […] The Division of Infectious Disease offers: Comprehensive assessment and medical treatment, Medication evaluation and teaching by a pharmacist, Clinical social work services, Patient/family education, Home healthcare coordination, Consultation with a patients primary physician, Clinical research studies, Infusion therapy services. […] The Division of Infectious Disease staff includes an interdisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, social workers, pharmacists and advanced practice nurses, all dedicated to improving the health of those living with acute and chronic infectious diseases. […] We are concerned about both the medical aspects of infection and the impact of illness on the emotional wellbeing of patients and their families. […] A CMV infection may be severe when a patient is taking antirejection medication. […] CMV can spread from the mother to the unborn baby during pregnancy, during delivery or through breastfeeding. Take preventive measures during pregnancy.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  If your baby tests positive for CMV, your doctor may recommend regular hearing tests and eye checks to identify any issues early. […] The best way to reduce your chance of infection with CMV is by practising good hygiene. Try to reduce your chance of contact with body fluids that may be contaminated with CMV. […] If you have any concerns, you can discuss them with your doctor or midwife.

• #2 Reimagining congenital cytomegalovirus care in British Columbia | British Columbia Medical Journal

  https://bcmj.org/articles/reimagining-congenital-cytomegalovirus-care-british-columbia

  Health care providers emphasized the need for an improved standard of care for congenital cytomegalovirus, including better prenatal education; centralized sources of information; and accessible, up-to-date guidelines and care pathways. They also identified the need for education to provide better care and counseling to affected families. Many of the needs identified by health care providers were echoed by caregivers, including the need for improved prenatal education, informed counseling, and standardized testing. Both groups expressed concerns about delays in receiving care and challenges in coordinating services.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

  https://www.iapac.org/fact-sheet/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  The best way to prevent CMV disease is to get tested and start ART before CD4 cell counts are low. […] Discuss the side effects of any CMV treatment with your healthcare provider. […] Strong ARVs are the best way to prevent CMV. […] If your CD4 cell count is below 100 cells/mm3, talk with your healthcare provider about CMV prevention and a regular schedule of eye exams. […] Treatments directly in the eye make it possible to control CMV retinitis. […] Most people can safely stop taking CMV medication when they take ARVs, and if their CD4 cell counts go up and stay above 150 cells/mm3.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21166-cytomegalovirus

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause serious complications in people who have a compromised immune system, such as transplant recipients. […] If you’re pregnant, you can pass CMV to the fetus, which can cause congenital CMV. Congenital CMV is a condition that’s present at birth and can lead to hearing loss or developmental issues. […] If you get cytomegalovirus during pregnancy or shortly before getting pregnant, you can pass the virus through the placenta to the fetus. This increases the risk of pregnancy loss (miscarriage) and your child being born with health issues. Complications of being born with CMV include vision or hearing loss and developmental delays. […] A provider can treat CMV with the antiviral medications ganciclovir (GCV) or valganciclovir (VGC). These drugs are given directly into your vein (IV infusion) or swallowed in a pill. Providers usually only treat CMV in people who have a compromised immune system or babies who are born with symptoms of CMV. […] If your child was diagnosed with CMV at birth, work closely with their pediatrician and other providers to make sure they get appropriate treatment. Starting speech and occupational therapy as soon as possible can minimize the impact of future hearing loss or developmental delays.

• #2 Navigating Congenital Cytomegalovirus: Latest Trends in Prevention and Care | Meridian Bioscience

  https://www.meridianbioscience.com/diagnostics-blog/navigating-congenital-cytomegalovirus-latest-trends-in-prevention-and-care/

  Prevention plays a critical role in the fight against congenital CMV. […] Simple hygiene practices, such as hand washing, avoiding sharing food and utensils with young children, and refraining from kissing children on the lips, can significantly reduce the risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. […] For infants born with congenital CMV, early intervention is key to managing potential health complications. […] Antiviral medications, such as valganciclovir, have been used to treat symptomatic congenital CMV, showing improvements in hearing and developmental outcomes in some cases. […] Supporting families affected by congenital CMV is an essential aspect of care. […] Parental education on the implications of CMV and the importance of early intervention can empower families to seek the necessary support and resources. […] The latest trends in CMV testing and management offer new pathways for reducing the impact of this infection on the most vulnerable.

• #2 Cytomegalovirus | Infection Control | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/cytomegalovirus.html

  Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel who have an exposure to cytomegalovirus. […] Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel with active cytomegalovirus infection. […] Using infection prevention and control practices as recommended by CDC prevents transmission of CMV in healthcare settings. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is not administered after exposure to CMV. No treatment for CMV infection in healthy adults is indicated. For pregnant or immunocompromised HCP who develop signs and symptoms compatible with CMV infection, referral to their obstetric provider, infectious diseases specialist, or transplant team may be indicated for counseling or to discuss the possible need for further diagnostic testing and management.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  Cytomegalovirus (also called CMV) is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. […] If you get infected with CMV during pregnancy, it may cause pregnancy loss or serious health problems in your baby, including preterm birth or low birthweight, or hearing loss at birth or later in life. […] CMV is the most common infection passed from pregnant people to babies during pregnancy. One in 3 pregnant people passes the infection on to their babies. If you have CMV during pregnancy, the virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby. […] When a baby gets CMV during pregnancy, its called congenital CMV. Congenital means that its present at birth. […] There is no cure for CMV, but medications can control infections. Most healthy adults with CMV dont need treatment. This includes during pregnancy.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/cytomegalovirus-cmv

  Most children with CMV do not need to stay home from child care. It is so common, that there are probably other children with CMV in the child care program. Keep children home if they do not feel well enough to participate or if they require more care than can be provided without impacting the care of the other children. […] Most children infected with CMV get better on their own. Families should check with their child’s health care provider if they have questions or concerns about their child’s symptoms. […] Practicing healthy habits can reduce the risk CMV infections since people can be contagious for a short time or for weeks. There are no vaccines for CMV. […] Follow standard precautions for child care settings to avoid CMV exposure, including the following: Practice good handwashing. Wash hands after contact with a child’s pacifier and do not place a child’s pacifier in your own mouth. Wear gloves and wash hands for diaper changes and contact with body fluids. Teach children to cough into their elbow and away from people. Wipe noses with clean tissues, dispose of them properly, and wash your hands. Do not allow children to share food, bottles, toothbrushes, eating utensils, drinking cups, or mouthed toys. Do not allow children to place their hands, fingers, or objects contaminated with saliva (toys, pacifiers) in anyone else’s mouth. Follow the routine schedule for cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting in Caring for Our Children Appendix K.

• #3

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-(cmv)-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of virus that stays in your body once you have been infected. When you are first infected, it may cause symptoms similar to mononucleosis, including fever, fatigue, aches, and sore throat. […] In otherwise healthy adults, CMV rarely causes serious symptoms. However, in immunocompromised (impaired immune system) patients, CMV can cause serious problems such as: Vision loss, Inflammation of the liver, colon, esophagus, or brain, Pneumonia. […] If you have HIV, are undergoing cancer treatment or have received an organ transplant, you should seek medical attention at any sign of an infection. […] In young children or immunocompromised patients, antiviral medicines can help slow and weaken the CMV virus. […] If you have serious symptoms, you may need supportive care such as fluids, fever reduction, or respiratory support.

• #3

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family, like the one that causes chickenpox (varicella zoster virus). CMV is the most common infection acquired before birth known as a „congenital” CMV infection in the United States. […] CMV infection is generally mild. Most newborns with congenital CMV infection have no signs of illness at birth and remain well. However, it may lead to hearing and developmental differences in infancy and childhood. […] About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have congenital disability or other long-term health issues. […] Babies born with congenital CMV infection may have hearing changes or a learning disability. […] Newborns may have low birth weight, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swollen lymph nodes, a small head compared to their body, an enlarged liver or a skin rash.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  About 3 in 10 people who get CMV for the first time in pregnancy will pass it on to their baby. Of these babies, about 1 in 10 will be born with symptoms. In total, about 1 or 2 out of every 10 babies infected with CMV during pregnancy will have a long-term health problem. […] If your baby is born with symptoms of congenital CMV, these may include: rash, small head size, enlarged liver and spleen, pneumonia, low platelet count. […] Congenital CMV also increases your baby’s risk of poor growth, miscarriage, stillbirth and death before 3 months of age. […] If your baby has abnormal hearing test results, your doctor may also recommend testing for CMV. […] If you have CMV during pregnancy, your baby should be tested for CMV after birth. […] Research is ongoing, but currently there’s no treatment that clearly lowers the risk of your unborn baby catching CMV during pregnancy.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215702-treatment

  Ganciclovir has been used to treat CNS disease, including encephalitis and neuropathy, with mixed results. […] Valganciclovir is used for treatment in selected CMV cases. […] A major successful use of ganciclovir has been prophylactic or preemptive treatment of CMV disease in transplant recipients. Without preventive CMV therapy, 30-75% of transplant recipients develop CMV infection, and 8-30% develop CMV disease. […] Prophylaxis is provided to all patients who have positive CMV serology results. Positive findings on blood cultures, pp65 antigenemia, and CMV PCR have been used as markers for the initiation of therapy. […] Prophylactic approaches have been very successful in eliminating CMV disease; however, toxicities are increased with this approach because patients without viral reactivation may be exposed to antiviral therapy.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Ultrasound can show some of the issues caused by congenital CMV, such as slow growth, small head size, large placenta, and changes in brain structure. However, many babies with congenital CMV will not show any signs of infection on ultrasound. Issues such as intellectual disability and learning problems cannot be seen on ultrasound and may not be known until the child gets older. […] At this time, there is no known treatment that can completely prevent all the symptoms or long-term effects of congenital CMV. Using antiviral medication when there is a CMV infection in pregnancy might lower the chance the virus will pass to the fetus. Newborns with CMV may be given antiviral medication. This may reduce the baby’s chance for hearing loss, eye disease, and learning problems. Talk with your healthcare providers about what treatments are recommended for you and your baby.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/

  The best way to lower the chance of getting cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy is to: wash your hands using soap and water especially after changing nappies, feeding young children or wiping their nose, regularly wash toys or other items that may have young children’s saliva or pee on them, avoid sharing food, cutlery and drinking glasses, or putting a child’s dummy in your mouth, avoid kissing young children on their mouth. […] Pregnant women who work closely with children or already have a young family are more at risk of getting CMV.

• #3 Pediatric Cytomegalovirus Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/963090-treatment

  Medical care of cytomegalovirus (CMV) consists of good nutritional support, vigorous supportive care for end-organ syndromes (particularly pneumonia in immunocompromised patients), and specific antiviral therapy in select circumstances. […] Some children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection require orthopedic interventions (eg, for cerebral palsy) and gastrostomy placement for enteral nutrition. […] Depending on the patient and associated risk factors, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is encountered by obstetricians, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, oncologists, critical care physicians, and other healthcare providers. Appropriate consultations with surgeons, developmental specialists, pathologists, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and gastroenterologists may be necessary. […] Until the goal of a CMV vaccine is realized, educating women of childbearing age about the risks of CMV and about how to avoid disease transmission are the only control strategies available.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The involvement of an interprofessional team can improve outcomes. Primary care providers, infectious disease specialists, transplant physicians, transplant nurses, and pharmacists can all be involved. […] Nurses monitor patients, educate them and their families, and update the team on changes in status. […] CMV can affect almost any organ in the body, and hence an interprofessional approach is necessary. […] However, in patients who are immunocompromised, receiving chemotherapy, or are using corticosteroids, CMV can have significant morbidity and mortality. […] Overall, patients with comorbidity and immunosuppression have poor prognosis.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus Specialists and Care Centers | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/cytomegalovirus-disease/specialists-and-care-centers

  The Northwestern Medicine Division of Infectious Disease has been providing quality outpatient care for cytomegalovirus and other infectious diseases since 1978. […] The Division of Infectious Disease offers: Comprehensive assessment and medical treatment, Medication evaluation and teaching by a pharmacist, Clinical social work services, Patient/family education, Home healthcare coordination, Consultation with a patients primary physician, Clinical research studies, Infusion therapy services. […] The Division of Infectious Disease staff includes an interdisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, social workers, pharmacists and advanced practice nurses, all dedicated to improving the health of those living with acute and chronic infectious diseases. […] We are concerned about both the medical aspects of infection and the impact of illness on the emotional wellbeing of patients and their families. […] A CMV infection may be severe when a patient is taking antirejection medication. […] CMV can spread from the mother to the unborn baby during pregnancy, during delivery or through breastfeeding. Take preventive measures during pregnancy.

• #3 Cytomegalovirus | Infection Control | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/cytomegalovirus.html

  Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel who have an exposure to cytomegalovirus. […] Work restrictions are not necessary for healthcare personnel with active cytomegalovirus infection. […] Using infection prevention and control practices as recommended by CDC prevents transmission of CMV in healthcare settings. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is not administered after exposure to CMV. No treatment for CMV infection in healthy adults is indicated. For pregnant or immunocompromised HCP who develop signs and symptoms compatible with CMV infection, referral to their obstetric provider, infectious diseases specialist, or transplant team may be indicated for counseling or to discuss the possible need for further diagnostic testing and management.

• #4 Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy

  People with weakened immune systems may need treatment with an antiviral medicine. […] Babies who show the signs of CMV at birth may be treated with antiviral medications. Antiviral medication may lower your babys risk of developing health problems and hearing loss. […] CMV can be transmitted to your baby through breast milk while nursing. If you have CMV, you can nurse your baby if they were full term at birth. However, if your baby was born before 30 weeks of pregnancy and weighs less than 3.3 pounds (1,500 grams), talk to your provider before nursing.

• #4

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-(cmv)-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of virus that stays in your body once you have been infected. When you are first infected, it may cause symptoms similar to mononucleosis, including fever, fatigue, aches, and sore throat. […] In otherwise healthy adults, CMV rarely causes serious symptoms. However, in immunocompromised (impaired immune system) patients, CMV can cause serious problems such as: Vision loss, Inflammation of the liver, colon, esophagus, or brain, Pneumonia. […] If you have HIV, are undergoing cancer treatment or have received an organ transplant, you should seek medical attention at any sign of an infection. […] In young children or immunocompromised patients, antiviral medicines can help slow and weaken the CMV virus. […] If you have serious symptoms, you may need supportive care such as fluids, fever reduction, or respiratory support.

• #4

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family, like the one that causes chickenpox (varicella zoster virus). CMV is the most common infection acquired before birth known as a „congenital” CMV infection in the United States. […] CMV infection is generally mild. Most newborns with congenital CMV infection have no signs of illness at birth and remain well. However, it may lead to hearing and developmental differences in infancy and childhood. […] About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have congenital disability or other long-term health issues. […] Babies born with congenital CMV infection may have hearing changes or a learning disability. […] Newborns may have low birth weight, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swollen lymph nodes, a small head compared to their body, an enlarged liver or a skin rash.

• #4 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older.

• #4 Cytomegalovirus – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459185/

  The involvement of an interprofessional team can improve outcomes. Primary care providers, infectious disease specialists, transplant physicians, transplant nurses, and pharmacists can all be involved. […] Nurses monitor patients, educate them and their families, and update the team on changes in status. […] CMV can affect almost any organ in the body, and hence an interprofessional approach is necessary. […] However, in patients who are immunocompromised, receiving chemotherapy, or are using corticosteroids, CMV can have significant morbidity and mortality. […] Overall, patients with comorbidity and immunosuppression have poor prognosis.

• #4 Pediatric Cytomegalovirus Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/963090-treatment

  Medical care of cytomegalovirus (CMV) consists of good nutritional support, vigorous supportive care for end-organ syndromes (particularly pneumonia in immunocompromised patients), and specific antiviral therapy in select circumstances. […] Some children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection require orthopedic interventions (eg, for cerebral palsy) and gastrostomy placement for enteral nutrition. […] Depending on the patient and associated risk factors, cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is encountered by obstetricians, pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, oncologists, critical care physicians, and other healthcare providers. Appropriate consultations with surgeons, developmental specialists, pathologists, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and gastroenterologists may be necessary. […] Until the goal of a CMV vaccine is realized, educating women of childbearing age about the risks of CMV and about how to avoid disease transmission are the only control strategies available.

• #5 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Fetal to Newborn Care Dayton

  http://fetaltonewborn.org/cytomegalovirus/

  Cytomegalovirus, typically abbreviated as CMV, is a common virus that is transmitted by direct contact with body fluids such as urine, saliva, blood, breast milk and semen. […] When CMV is diagnosed after delivery it can cause vision problems (including blindness), or deafness. It also may cause psychomotor retardation, which is a condition in which a person moves, thinks and speaks very slowly. Treatments focus on specific problems, such as physical therapy and appropriate education for children with psychomotor retardation. […] In some cases, antiviral medications may be used to help slow the virus and reduce certain symptoms.

• #5

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/infectious-diseases/cytomegalovirus-(cmv)-infections

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of virus that stays in your body once you have been infected. When you are first infected, it may cause symptoms similar to mononucleosis, including fever, fatigue, aches, and sore throat. […] In otherwise healthy adults, CMV rarely causes serious symptoms. However, in immunocompromised (impaired immune system) patients, CMV can cause serious problems such as: Vision loss, Inflammation of the liver, colon, esophagus, or brain, Pneumonia. […] If you have HIV, are undergoing cancer treatment or have received an organ transplant, you should seek medical attention at any sign of an infection. […] In young children or immunocompromised patients, antiviral medicines can help slow and weaken the CMV virus. […] If you have serious symptoms, you may need supportive care such as fluids, fever reduction, or respiratory support.

• #5

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Cytomegalovirus-CMV-Infections.aspx

  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family, like the one that causes chickenpox (varicella zoster virus). CMV is the most common infection acquired before birth known as a „congenital” CMV infection in the United States. […] CMV infection is generally mild. Most newborns with congenital CMV infection have no signs of illness at birth and remain well. However, it may lead to hearing and developmental differences in infancy and childhood. […] About 1 in 5 babies with congenital CMV infection will have congenital disability or other long-term health issues. […] Babies born with congenital CMV infection may have hearing changes or a learning disability. […] Newborns may have low birth weight, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), swollen lymph nodes, a small head compared to their body, an enlarged liver or a skin rash.

• #5 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older.

• #6 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/cytomegalovirus-cmv-during-pregnancy

  About 3 in 10 people who get CMV for the first time in pregnancy will pass it on to their baby. Of these babies, about 1 in 10 will be born with symptoms. In total, about 1 or 2 out of every 10 babies infected with CMV during pregnancy will have a long-term health problem. […] If your baby is born with symptoms of congenital CMV, these may include: rash, small head size, enlarged liver and spleen, pneumonia, low platelet count. […] Congenital CMV also increases your baby’s risk of poor growth, miscarriage, stillbirth and death before 3 months of age. […] If your baby has abnormal hearing test results, your doctor may also recommend testing for CMV. […] If you have CMV during pregnancy, your baby should be tested for CMV after birth. […] Research is ongoing, but currently there’s no treatment that clearly lowers the risk of your unborn baby catching CMV during pregnancy.

• #6 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) – Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582519/

  Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect. This is called the background risk. If there is a CMV infection during pregnancy, the virus can pass to the fetus. This is called congenital CMV. Congenital CMV can cause vision problems (including blindness), an enlarged liver, an enlarged spleen, small head size, and problems with the nervous system. […] Pregnancies affected with CMV have a higher chance of preterm delivery (birth before week 37) or low birth weight (weighting less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces [2500 grams] at birth). […] Babies that show signs of congenital CMV at birth can have long-term problems, such as intellectual disability, language delay, poor physical coordination, weakness, hearing loss, and seizures. Some babies who do not show signs of congenital CMV at birth can develop hearing loss or learning problems as they get older.

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