Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Overview – Eating disorders – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/behaviours/eating-disorders/overview/

  bulimia losing control over how much you eat and then taking drastic action to not put on weight […] Symptoms of eating disorders include: […] making yourself sick or taking laxatives after you eat […] Your treatment may also involve working through a guided self-help programme if you have bulimia or binge eating disorder.

• #2 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #3 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). […] Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. […] Other signs of bulimia include: […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. […] Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. […] Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. […] Possible complications include: […] irregular or absent periods. […] If you have bulimia, you can get support from your GP, they are there to listen and help. They’ll refer you to an eating disorder specialist or another expert who will also support you with your recovery.

• #4 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #5 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #6 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #7 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #8 Bulimia Symptoms, Signs, and Red Flags | Walden

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-symptoms-signs/

  Bulimia can be difficult to recognize since binging and purging behavior often takes place in secrecy. Understanding more about the signs and symptoms of bulimia can help you know if you, or someone you love, needs help. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia may include: Dental issues, including tooth decay, chipped teeth, or stained or yellow teeth […] Swelling of cheeks, mouth, or jaw […] Calluses on hands and knuckles […] Mouth sores […] Changing voice […] Cardiac issues […] Menstruation disturbances […] Dehydration […] Fatigue […] Weight fluctuation. […] Behavioral symptoms of bulimia may include: Eating excessive amounts of food […] Self-induced vomiting […] Abuse of laxatives and diuretics […] Excessive exercising […] Extreme fluid intake. […] Emotional symptoms of bulimia may include: Depression, anxiety […] Extreme fear of gaining weight […] Low self-esteem and dissatisfaction with ones appearance […] Social withdrawal […] A lack of self-control […] Denial of binging, purging, and other harmful behavior.

• #9 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #10 What Is Bulimia Nervosa? | Eating Disorders Victoria

  https://eatingdisorders.org.au/eating-disorders-a-z/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is a serious mental illness characterised by recurrent binge-eating episodes (the consumption of large amounts of food in a short period of time), followed by self-induced vomiting, fasting, over-exercising and/or the misuse of laxatives, enemas or diuretics. […] Bulimia nervosa often starts with weight-loss dieting. The resulting food deprivation and inadequate nutrition can trigger what is, in effect, a starvation reaction an overriding urge to eat. For some, the desire to eat is uncontrollable, leading to a substantial binge on whatever food is available, followed by compensatory behaviours. A repeat of this behaviour often follows, leading to a binge/purge/exercise cycle, which can become more compulsive over time. […] Some of the more common signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa are listed below. Remember, bulimia nervosa is a mental illness. You cant tell if someone has an eating disorder based on physical appearance alone.

• #11 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating. […] The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for three months. […] Please note that even though these are common symptoms not everyone with bulimia nervosa displays all of these emotional and behavioral symptoms. […] Engaging in episodes of binge eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, often in secret. […] After episodes of binge eating, frequently engages in compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diuretic/laxative use, fasting/restricting, excessive exercise or manipulation of insulin dosage.

• #12 McCallum Place | Bulimia Symptoms

  https://www.mccallumplace.com/bulimia/signs-symptoms/

  Individuals suffering from bulimia will often binge and purge in secret and attempt to hide these behaviors from others. […] Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time or the existence of wrappers and containers indicating the consumption of large amounts of food. […] Evidence of purging behaviors, including frequent trips to the bathroom after meals, signs and/or smells of vomiting, presence of wrappers or packages of laxatives or diuretics. […] Regular intake of large amounts of food in a discrete period of time accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating behavior. […] Regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse. […] Extreme concern with body weight and shape. […] The chance for recovery increases the earlier a binge eating disorder, such as bulimia, is detected. Therefore, it is important to be aware of some of the warning signs of bulimia nervosa.

• #13 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Many of us turn to food when we’re feeling lonely, bored, or stressed. But if you have the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, overeating is more like a compulsion. Bulimia is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by extreme efforts to avoid gaining weight, often by vomiting, using laxatives, or exercising to excess. […] This vicious cycle of bingeing and purging can take a toll on your body and emotional well-being. It can cause damage to your digestive system and create chemical imbalances in the body that harm the functioning of major organs, including the heart. It can even be fatal. […] If you’ve been living with bulimia for a while, you’ve probably “done it all” to conceal your bingeing and purging habits. […] Lack of control over eating. Inability to stop eating. Eating until the point of physical discomfort and pain.

• #14 Bulimia Nervosa | Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bulimia-nervosa

  Evidence of binge eating, including disappearance of large amounts of food in short periods of time or finding lots of empty food wrappers and containers […] Evidence of purging behaviors, including frequent trips to the bathroom after meals, signs and / or smells of vomiting, wrappers or packages from laxatives or diuretics […] Has secret recurring episodes of binge eating (eating a larger amount of food than most individuals would eat under similar circumstances and eating it within a short amount of time) and feeling a lack of control over stopping it […] Recurring episodes of purging. […] The symptoms of bulimia may resemble other medical problems or psychiatric conditions. Always consult your child’s physician for a diagnosis.

• #15 Eating Disorders: 6 Types and Their Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

  People with bulimia often eat large amounts of food in a limited period of time. […] A binge eating episode usually continues until they become painfully full. During a binge, they may feel that they cannot stop eating or control how much they are eating. […] Binges can happen with any type of food but most commonly occur with foods the individual would usually avoid. People with bulimia then attempt to purge to compensate for the calories consumed and to relieve gut discomfort. […] Common purging behaviors include: forced vomiting, fasting, using laxatives, using diuretics, using enemas, excessive exercise. […] Symptoms may appear very similar to those of the binge eating or purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa. […] Side effects of bulimia may include: an inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands, worn tooth enamel, tooth decay, acid reflux, gut irritation, dehydration. […] In severe cases, bulimia can also create an imbalance in levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. This can cause a stroke or heart attack.

• #16 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorder in which a person regularly eats excessive amounts of food and then attempts to eliminate the consequences. […] Bulimia nervosa is one type of eating disorder in which a person regularly eats excessive amounts of food (binge eats) and then attempts to eliminate (purge) the consequences of overeating by vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics, fasting or exercising excessively. […] Because bulimia is a serious illness that can lead to dangerous, life-threatening health complications, it is very important to take any warning signs or symptoms of the disorder seriously. […] It can be hard to tell if a child has bulimia. […] However, it may be possible to find signs of a binge and purge episode. […] A child with bulimia may: […] Other signs and symptoms of bulimia include:

• #17 Bulimia Nervosa – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by some form of inappropriate compensatory behavior such as purging (self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse), fasting, or driven exercise; episodes occur, on average, at least once/week for 3 months. […] Patients with bulimia nervosa typically describe binge-purge behavior. Binges involve rapid consumption of an amount of food definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances (however, the amount considered excessive for a normal meal versus a holiday meal may differ) accompanied by feelings of loss of control. […] Binge eating is followed by compensatory behaviors: self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, excessive exercise, and/or fasting.

• #18 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight with potentially dangerous sequelae. […] Bulimia nervosa is a condition that occurs most commonly in adolescent females, characterized by indulgence in binge-eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. […] Binging episodes are followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain: Self-induced vomiting, Laxatives abuse, Diuretic use, Extreme physical activity, Fasting. […] The episodes should occur at least once a week for three months to establish a diagnosis. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

• #19 Exercise Bulimia Signs & Symptoms | Effects on the Body

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/exercise-bulimia-signs-symptoms

  Exercise bulimia is characterized by excessive and pathological exercise. It is similar to bulimia nervosa in that instead of purging by self-induced vomiting or diarrhea, a person exercises excessively to burn calories in order to compensate for food consumption. […] Symptoms of exercise bulimia may include: experiencing a preoccupation with exercise and weight management, missing important events or neglecting hobbies in order to exercise, feeling ashamed or guilty if you miss a workout, excessively tracking how many calories you burn during a workout, becoming defensive if someone points out how much you exercise, having distorted body image, exercising for multiple hours a day, way longer than the average workout of a half hour to an hour at a time, continuing to work out even if you are sick or injured, deriving little to no joy from exercise, even activities that were once fun, experiencing cravings to work out, stopping menstruation (in those who menstruate).

• #20 Bulimia Nervosa Treatment Near You: Causes, Effects & Process

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is characterized by a distressing cycle of binge eating, followed by compensatory purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, and excessive exercise. This relentless cycle can take a significant toll on the body and mind, leading to severe physical and emotional consequences. […] Bulimia nervosa can have severe consequences on your health, affecting multiple body systems. As you struggle with the cycle of binge eating and purging, you’re putting your body at risk for numerous complications. […] One of the most immediate dangers is dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. When you purge through vomiting or laxative abuse, you lose essential fluids and minerals like potassium and sodium. This can lead to heart problems, including irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and even heart failure in severe cases.

• #21 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://www.upmc.com/services/behavioral-health/programs/eating-disorders/disorder-types/bulimia/signs-symptoms

  Individuals with bulimia nervosa have recurrent episodes of binge eating, coupled with inappropriate behaviors to undo the effects of binging and prevent weight gain. […] Typical behaviors include: Self-induced vomiting, Misuse of laxatives, diet pills, or diuretics (water pills), Fasting, Excessive exercise, Restricting their total caloric consumption between binges by selecting low-calorie or diet foods and avoiding foods they perceive as fattening or that might trigger a binge episode. […] Individuals with bulimia nervosa often resemble those with anorexia nervosa in their: Fear of gaining weight, Desire to lose weight, Dissatisfaction with their bodies. […] Individuals with bulimia nervosa typically are within the normal weight range, although some may be slightly underweight or overweight, and a few may be obese.

• #22 What Is Bulimia Nervosa? | National Alliance for Eating Disorders

  https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder where someone has regular episodes of binge eating (consuming a large amount of food in a short period of time) followed by purging (getting rid of calories). These cycles usually occur at least once a week for three months or more. […] Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder that may be life-threatening without professional intervention and treatment. Recognizing the signs of someone struggling with Bulimia Nervosa is extremely important in mitigating health risks. […] While it is not a comprehensive list, the following symptoms are some of the most common among those struggling with Bulimia Nervosa: Bingeing and purging, Lack of control over eating, Secretive eating and/or missing food, Visits to the bathroom after meals, Preoccupation with food, Weight fluctuations, Self-injury, Excessive and compulsive exercise regimes, Abuse of laxatives, diet pills and/or diuretics, Swollen parotid glands in cheeks and neck, Discoloration and/or staining of the teeth, Broken blood vessels in eyes and/or face, Calluses on the back of the hands/knuckles, Sore throat, Heartburn/acid reflux, Self-criticism and feelings of shame and guilt, High levels of anxiety and/or depression.

• #23 What is Bulimia Nervosa? Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment | Monte Nido

  https://www.rosewoodranch.com/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms-for-parents/

  Individuals with bulimia nervosa, or as its commonly called bulimia, often struggle with feelings of shame, guilt, a lack of control around food, and tolerating fullness. This eating disorder involves periods of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors which can lead to severe physical and psychological consequences. […] Living with bulimia nervosa can be difficult and overwhelming. Here are some signs and symptoms that you can look for: Using the bathroom right after eating, Harsh exercise regimes, Eating in secret, Mood swings, Fatigue, A fear of not being able to stop eating, Swollen glands, Weight fluctuations, Electrolyte imbalances, Gastrointestinal problems such as damage to the esophagus or throat or experiencing ulcers or acid reflux, Dental decay, eroded tooth enamel, and gum problems, Severe dehydration which can lead to kidney problems and other complications, Nutritional deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, Heart problems that can potentially lead to cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure, Often associated with depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, compounding the overall health risks, Feeling uncomfortably full and guilty after eating.

• #24 Bulimia Nervosa | Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa can affect people in different ways. Sometimes, it can be difficult to notice signs and symptoms because many people with the disorder try to hide them. And not everyone with bulimia nervosa exhibits all the signs and symptoms. […] Physical signs and symptoms include: Frequent, noticeable changes in weight, Dizziness or fainting, Red (bloodshot) eyes, Sore throat, Digestive disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach cramps, or constipation, Dental problems, such as discolored and loose teeth from stomach acid, Calluses or cuts on the knuckles and back of the hand, Sensitivity to cold and cold hands or feet, Thinning hair on the head, Dehydration, dry skin, brittle nails, and chapped lips. […] Behaviors that can occur with bulimia nervosa include: Uncontrollable eating, with signs such as missing food and many empty food containers, Bathroom trips right after meals and signs of vomiting, Excessive exercise, even when tired, sick, or injured, Frequent comments about losing weight, being fat, or controlling food, Use of laxatives, diuretics (water pills), or diet aids, Food hoarding, Frequent weight and appearance checks, Frequent use of gum, mints, or mouthwash.

• #25 Bulimia nervosa | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and mental health condition. People with bulimia can find themselves trapped in a cycle of eating a large amount of food (also called bingeing). They then use methods like vomiting, over exercising or using laxatives to get rid of the food. […] There are some common symptoms of bulimia nervosa. You may experience some or all of these. This includes: bingeing eating an unusually large amount of food in a short time, this could be as much as or more than what a person might eat in a day; purging trying to reduce the effect of bingeing by attempting to get food out of your body; fasting trying to restrict food intake; focus on food thinking about food all the time, being secretive about food intake or hoarding food; organising your life around a shopping, eating and purging cycle; having a fear of eating in front of others; focusing on your body shape and weight; focusing on exercising to burn calories beyond a healthy level; wearing baggy clothes to hide your body; withdrawing from friends and family; difficulty sleeping or sleeping more than usual; feeling irritable, low mood or anxiety; feeling guilt, shame or despair; always checking the ingredients or nutritional labels of food; difficulty concentrating.

• #26 Bulimia nervosa – causes, symptoms, treatments, and when to get help | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bulimia-nervosa

  Behavioural signs: disappearing food or hoarding of food; avoiding meals with other people; saying they have eaten when they haven’t; hiding uneaten food; dieting behaviour; spending more time alone; obsessive behaviours relating to body shape and weight repeatedly weighing themselves or looking in the mirror; excessive exercising exercising when sick or in bad weather; frequent trips to the bathroom during or after meals; use of compensatory behaviours vomiting or using laxatives, appetite suppressants or diuretics; erratic behaviour spending large amounts of money on food; self-harm, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, or making suicide attempts. […] Bulimia nervosa can cause serious damage to your physical health. Some of the physical symptoms of bulimia nervosa are: chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; inflammation of your oesophagus or stomach due to frequent vomiting; stomach ulcers and intestinal ulcers; chronic (ongoing) constipation or diarrhoea due to misuse of laxatives; osteoporosis; loss of, or changes in, menstrual periods; an increased risk of infertility; irregular or slow heartbeat leading to an increased risk of heart failure.

• #27 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: repetitive dieting behaviour, compulsive or excessive exercise, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality. […] Physical problems that may be caused by ongoing bulimia nervosa can include: gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours, heart-related issues, ongoing dental problems, weakened bones (osteoporosis), infertility in men and women, electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs.

• #28 Signs of Eating Disorders: Types and Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/signs-of-eating-disorders

  People with bulimia nervosa have episodes where they eat large amounts of food (called bingeing). Those binges are followed by purging (vomiting or using laxatives), fasting, or exercising excessively because they feel guilty about overeating. They may find it hard to get out of this binge-purge cycle. […] You can have bulimia at any body size. Unlike other eating disorders, people with bulimia may not be underweight or overweight. But they have the same intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. They see themselves as overweight and want to lose weight. Out of a sense of shame, they may try to hide their eating disorder, for example, by wearing baggy clothes. […] Watch for these common signs of bulimia: Eating large amounts of food in a short time, Often going to the bathroom or using laxatives or diuretics after meals, Skipping meals, not eating in front of others, or eating very small portions, Being overly focused on weight or body image, Constantly dieting, Exercising to excess, Feeling guilt or shame about their eating, Wearing baggy clothes to hide their body, Using gum, mouthwash, or mints often, Withdrawing from friends and family, Feeling out of control, Having depression, anxiety, or substance use issues.

• #29 Bulimia Nervosa – Definition, Symptoms, and Causes

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/bulimia-nervosa

  Beyond the physical toll on the body, bulimia is associated with behavioral and psychological changes, such as frequent trips to the bathroom after eating; fixating on weight, dieting, and food; showing discomfort or fear when eating in front of other people; skipping meals or participating in fad diets; following an excessive exercise regimen, even when sick or injured; performing food rituals, such as cutting food into small pieces or only eating one food group; spending a significant amount of time in front of the mirror, checking for perceived body flaws, or appearing extremely worried about weight and body shape; withdrawing from social engagements and usual activities because most time is spent binging, purging, and following food rituals; consuming large quantities of water or calorie-free beverages; frequently using mints, mouthwash, or chewing gum to mask odors associated with vomiting. […] If left untreated, bulimia nervosa can interfere significantly with daily life and lead to critical medical complications.

• #30 Symptoms & Signs of Bulimia Nervosa | Carolina House

  https://www.carolinaeatingdisorders.com/bulimia-nervosa/signs-symptoms/

  At first sight, they might not appear to be battling with an eating disorder, however if one shows any of the following symptoms, they might be suffering from bulimia nervosa: […] Behavioral symptoms: Social withdrawal or isolation, Inability to fulfill roles / responsibilities, Rigid dieting / fasting, Fainting spells, Excessive exercising, Engaging in ritualistic eating behaviors, Binge-eating followed by self-induced vomiting, Abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. […] Physical symptoms: Ulcers, Swollen cheeks, Swollen glands, Acid reflux, Tooth discoloration / decay, Mouth sores, Internal bleeding, Fluctuations in weight, Constipation due to laxative abuse, Dehydration, Low potassium levels, Calluses or scars on hands or knuckles, Bloodshot eyes, Imbalanced fluids and/or electrolytes, Irregular heartbeat, Abdominal pain, Menstrual irregularity or amenorrhea (females only), Irregular bowel movements.

• #31 Bulimia Symptoms, Signs, and Red Flags | Walden

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/what-we-treat/bulimia/bulimia-symptoms-signs/

  Bulimia can be difficult to recognize since binging and purging behavior often takes place in secrecy. Understanding more about the signs and symptoms of bulimia can help you know if you, or someone you love, needs help. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia may include: Dental issues, including tooth decay, chipped teeth, or stained or yellow teeth […] Swelling of cheeks, mouth, or jaw […] Calluses on hands and knuckles […] Mouth sores […] Changing voice […] Cardiac issues […] Menstruation disturbances […] Dehydration […] Fatigue […] Weight fluctuation. […] Behavioral symptoms of bulimia may include: Eating excessive amounts of food […] Self-induced vomiting […] Abuse of laxatives and diuretics […] Excessive exercising […] Extreme fluid intake. […] Emotional symptoms of bulimia may include: Depression, anxiety […] Extreme fear of gaining weight […] Low self-esteem and dissatisfaction with ones appearance […] Social withdrawal […] A lack of self-control […] Denial of binging, purging, and other harmful behavior.

• #32 What is Bulimia Nervosa? Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment | Monte Nido

  https://www.montenido.com/what-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa

  Some physical symptoms may include: Dental issues, including tooth decay, chipped teeth, or stained or yellow teeth, Swelling of cheeks, mouth, or jaw, Calluses on hands and knuckles, Mouth sores, Changing voice, Cardiac issues, Menstruation disturbances, Dehydration, Fatigue, Weight fluctuation. […] Behavioral symptoms may include: Eating excessive amounts of food, Self-induced vomiting, Abuse of laxatives and diuretics, Excessive exercising, Extreme fluid intake. […] Emotional symptoms of bulimia may include: Depression, anxiety, Extreme fear of gaining weight, Low self-esteem and dissatisfaction with one’s appearance, Social withdrawal, A lack of self-control, Denial of binging, purging, and other harmful behavior. […] Although the purging behaviors are undertaken to prevent weight gain or counteract the calories taken in during a binge eating episode, bulimia nervosa doesn’t usually result in extreme weight loss in the same way that anorexia nervosa does. In most cases, bulimia nervosa doesn’t cause major weight loss, and many people with the disorder are at a normal weight or even in heavier presenting bodies.

• #33 Understanding Eating Disorders, such as Anorexia and Bulimia

  https://dmh.lacounty.gov/our-services/employment-education/education/eating-disorders/

  The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia is self-starvation. Bulimia is a disorder in which a person eats large amounts of food (“bingeing”) and then rids the body of that food before it can be absorbed (“purging”). A person who is bulimic purges either by vomiting or using laxatives or diuretics (water pills). Some people have symptoms of both anorexia and bulimia. […] Bulimia usually develops between the ages of 15 and 24 and affects mostly females. A bulimic’s weight is usually within the range of what is normal for her size and height, but it tends to go up and down a lot because of all the bingeing and purging. […] Bulimia becomes an attempt to control two very strong impulses (the desire to be thin and the desire to eat). […] The following changes may be signs that a person has bulimia: Teeth start to decay from contact with stomach acids during vomiting. Weight goes up and down. Menstrual periods become irregular. The face and throat look puffy and swollen. Periods of dizziness and blackouts occur. Dehydration due to loss of body fluids occurs. The bulimic may need to be hospitalized if this happens. Constant upset stomach, constipation, and sore throat may be present. Damage to vital organs, such as the liver and kidneys, heart failure, and death can occur.

• #34 Bulimia Symptoms: Physical, Behavioral, and Psychological | Nourish

  https://www.usenourish.com/bulimia/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms

  People with bulimia may notice they have dry skin, brittle nails, hair loss, and often feel cold. […] Weight fluctuations are common in bulimia due to alternating periods of binging and purging. One of the reasons bulimia is challenging to diagnose is that patients often have a normal or elevated weight.

• #35 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain.

• #36 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #37 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain.

• #38 Symptoms & Signs of Bulimia Nervosa | Carolina House

  https://www.carolinaeatingdisorders.com/bulimia-nervosa/signs-symptoms/

  Cognitive symptoms: Poor impulse control, Desire to control situations and environment, Fatigue, Obsessions / compulsions / preoccupations with food, weight, or body shape, Dizziness. […] Psychosocial symptoms: Feelings of ineffectiveness, Overwhelming fear of gaining weight, Irritability, Agitation, Elevated anxiety levels, Low self-esteem / self-worth, Drastic shifts in mood, Depressed mood.

• #39 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  This means the condition can go undetected and untreated for a long time, which has physical health implications for the person experiencing the eating disorder. […] Understanding the warning signs and symptoms can help you to recognise bulimia nervosa. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps. […] Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality.

• #40 Exercise Bulimia Signs & Symptoms | Effects on the Body

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/exercise-bulimia-signs-symptoms

  Exercise bulimia is characterized by excessive and pathological exercise. It is similar to bulimia nervosa in that instead of purging by self-induced vomiting or diarrhea, a person exercises excessively to burn calories in order to compensate for food consumption. […] Symptoms of exercise bulimia may include: experiencing a preoccupation with exercise and weight management, missing important events or neglecting hobbies in order to exercise, feeling ashamed or guilty if you miss a workout, excessively tracking how many calories you burn during a workout, becoming defensive if someone points out how much you exercise, having distorted body image, exercising for multiple hours a day, way longer than the average workout of a half hour to an hour at a time, continuing to work out even if you are sick or injured, deriving little to no joy from exercise, even activities that were once fun, experiencing cravings to work out, stopping menstruation (in those who menstruate).

• #41 Bulimia nervosa – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/441

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder, characterised by severe preoccupation about weight and body shape. Includes recurrent episodes of binge eating with compensatory mechanisms, such as self-induced vomiting, to prevent weight gain. […] Patients usually appear physically normal, although they may have low self-esteem and depressive thoughts, as well as lack of confidence. […] Parotid hypertrophy and erosion of the teeth are the most common physical signs and may prompt diagnosis. […] Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviours occur in order to prevent weight gain. These behaviours include self-induced vomiting; fasting; excessive exercise; and misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medication. Binge-eating episodes typically occur, on average, at least weekly for 3 months. […] Depression and low self-esteem are common in individuals with bulimia nervosa.

• #42 What is Bulimia Nervosa? Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment | Monte Nido

  https://www.montenido.com/what-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa

  Some physical symptoms may include: Dental issues, including tooth decay, chipped teeth, or stained or yellow teeth, Swelling of cheeks, mouth, or jaw, Calluses on hands and knuckles, Mouth sores, Changing voice, Cardiac issues, Menstruation disturbances, Dehydration, Fatigue, Weight fluctuation. […] Behavioral symptoms may include: Eating excessive amounts of food, Self-induced vomiting, Abuse of laxatives and diuretics, Excessive exercising, Extreme fluid intake. […] Emotional symptoms of bulimia may include: Depression, anxiety, Extreme fear of gaining weight, Low self-esteem and dissatisfaction with one’s appearance, Social withdrawal, A lack of self-control, Denial of binging, purging, and other harmful behavior. […] Although the purging behaviors are undertaken to prevent weight gain or counteract the calories taken in during a binge eating episode, bulimia nervosa doesn’t usually result in extreme weight loss in the same way that anorexia nervosa does. In most cases, bulimia nervosa doesn’t cause major weight loss, and many people with the disorder are at a normal weight or even in heavier presenting bodies.

• #43 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in eating large amounts of food in a relatively short period of time (binge eating). […] They then try to make up for this food intake using a variety of compensatory behaviours. […] Compensatory behaviours are not a lifestyle choice they are a sign of a complex mental health problem. […] The cycle of binge eating and engaging in compensatory behaviours leads to intense feelings of shame, guilt and disgust. […] This can lead to a preoccupation with food, eating (or not eating), diet and body size, shape or weight.

• #44 Bulimia Nervosa

  https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/get-information-and-support/about-eating-disorders/types/bulimia/

  Bulimia (or bulimia nervosa) is a serious mental illness. People with bulimia are caught in a cycle of eating large quantities of food (called bingeing), and then trying to compensate for that overeating by vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or exercising excessively (called purging). Treatment at the earliest possible opportunity gives the best chance for a fast and sustained recovery from bulimia. […] The binge/purge cycles associated with bulimia can dominate daily life and lead to difficulties in relationships and social situations. Bulimia can cause serious physical complications as well frequent vomiting can cause problems with the teeth, and people may go to lengths to make themselves sick that could cause them harm. Laxative misuse can seriously affect the heart and digestive system. People with bulimia may also experience symptoms such as tiredness, feeling bloated, constipation, abdominal pain, irregular periods, or swelling of the hands and feet.

• #45 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #46 Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-bulimia-nervosa

  Mood disorders of all types commonly co-occur with bulimia nervosa, though depression and anxiety disorders share a particularly strong connection with the condition. […] Bulimia nervosa is a serious medical issue that can be potentially fatal if left unchecked. […] If you think you or someone you love may be struggling with any of the signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa, its important to seek help as soon as possible.

• #47

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia is an eating disorder and mental health condition. […] The main signs of bulimia are eating a large amount of food over a very short time. […] Other signs of bulimia include: having a fear of putting on weight, being very critical about your weight and body shape, feeling very tense or anxious, thinking about food a lot, feeling guilty or ashamed, and behaving secretively, avoiding social activities that involve food, feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired, dramatic changes in weight – up or down, a sore throat from being sick, bloating or tummy pain, a puffy face, self-harming. […] Bulimia is often a cycle of binge eating and purging. It’s triggered by things such as hunger, sadness or stress. […] Failing to keep to these leads to periods of over eating and loss of control. You then feel guilty or ashamed and purge to get rid of the calories. This leaves you feeling hungry again and the cycle continues.

• #48 Bulimia nervosa | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is a serious eating disorder and mental health condition. People with bulimia can find themselves trapped in a cycle of eating a large amount of food (also called bingeing). They then use methods like vomiting, over exercising or using laxatives to get rid of the food. […] There are some common symptoms of bulimia nervosa. You may experience some or all of these. This includes: bingeing eating an unusually large amount of food in a short time, this could be as much as or more than what a person might eat in a day; purging trying to reduce the effect of bingeing by attempting to get food out of your body; fasting trying to restrict food intake; focus on food thinking about food all the time, being secretive about food intake or hoarding food; organising your life around a shopping, eating and purging cycle; having a fear of eating in front of others; focusing on your body shape and weight; focusing on exercising to burn calories beyond a healthy level; wearing baggy clothes to hide your body; withdrawing from friends and family; difficulty sleeping or sleeping more than usual; feeling irritable, low mood or anxiety; feeling guilt, shame or despair; always checking the ingredients or nutritional labels of food; difficulty concentrating.

• #49 What is Bulimia Nervosa? Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment | Monte Nido

  https://www.rosewoodranch.com/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms-for-parents/

  Individuals with bulimia nervosa, or as its commonly called bulimia, often struggle with feelings of shame, guilt, a lack of control around food, and tolerating fullness. This eating disorder involves periods of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors which can lead to severe physical and psychological consequences. […] Living with bulimia nervosa can be difficult and overwhelming. Here are some signs and symptoms that you can look for: Using the bathroom right after eating, Harsh exercise regimes, Eating in secret, Mood swings, Fatigue, A fear of not being able to stop eating, Swollen glands, Weight fluctuations, Electrolyte imbalances, Gastrointestinal problems such as damage to the esophagus or throat or experiencing ulcers or acid reflux, Dental decay, eroded tooth enamel, and gum problems, Severe dehydration which can lead to kidney problems and other complications, Nutritional deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, Heart problems that can potentially lead to cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure, Often associated with depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, compounding the overall health risks, Feeling uncomfortably full and guilty after eating.

• #50 Bulimia Symptoms: Physical, Behavioral, and Psychological | Nourish

  https://www.usenourish.com/bulimia/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms

  Depression and anxiety often co-occur with bulimia. Individuals with bulimia can also notice intense mood swings and emotional outbursts. […] For many reasons, people with bulimia tend to self-isolate. This can be due to feeling ashamed about binging and purging behaviors and not wanting loved ones to find out about their eating disorder. […] In addition to the behavioral and psychological symptoms, physical symptoms are also present in bulimia. […] Many of the physical symptoms of bulimia stem from frequent self-induced vomiting. People with bulimia often notice they always have a sore throat, likely because of the acid from frequent vomiting, causing the esophagus to become inflamed. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in bulimia. Acid reflux and stomach pain are some of the most frequent symptoms resulting from repeated, self-induced vomiting.

• #51 Bulimia nervosa

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Girls or women with bulimia may also have behavior changes such as: Often going to the bathroom right after eating (to throw up), Exercising a lot, even in bad weather or when hurt or tired, Acting moody or sad, hating the way she looks, or feeling hopeless, Having problems expressing anger, Not wanting to go out with friends or do activities she once enjoyed. […] Purging through vomiting or taking laxatives can prevent your body from getting the important nutrients it needs from food. […] Over time, bulimia can affect your body in the following ways: Stomach damage from overeating, Electrolyte imbalance (having levels of sodium, potassium, or other minerals that are too high or too low, which can lead to heart attack or heart failure), Ulcers and other damage to your throat from vomiting, Irregular periods or not having periods, which can cause problems getting pregnant, Tooth decay from vomiting, Dehydration, Problems having bowel movements or damage to the intestines from laxative abuse.

• #52 Bulimia Nervosa | Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/bulimia-nervosa/

  Emotional signs and symptoms include: Low self-esteem, Preoccupations with negative body image, Mood changes such as irritability, anxiety, or depression, Social isolation, Difficulty sleeping, Low sex drive. […] To confirm a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the bingeing, purging (such as vomiting), and purging behaviors (such as exercise) must occur at least once a week for three months, on average. Our team can also determine whether bulimia ranges from mild to severe based on how often the behaviors happen each week.

• #53 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #54 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system and can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. […] Electrolyte imbalances can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. In severe cases, electrolyte imbalances can be fatal. […] The stomach acid in vomit can erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities, tooth decay, and gum disease. […] Repeated vomiting can damage the esophagus, causing inflammation, ulcers, and tears. In severe cases, these problems can lead to a condition called Barretts esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. […] Dehydration from purging behaviors can lead to kidney problems, such as kidney stones and kidney failure. […] Bulimia nervosa can disrupt the bodys hormones, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and osteoporosis.

• #55 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  This means the condition can go undetected and untreated for a long time, which has physical health implications for the person experiencing the eating disorder. […] Understanding the warning signs and symptoms can help you to recognise bulimia nervosa. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps. […] Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality.

• #56 Bulimia nervosa – causes, symptoms, treatments, and when to get help | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and serious mental health condition. […] People with bulimia nervosa binge eat and use compensatory behaviours to manage their weight. […] This pattern of binge eating and compensatory behaviours can become more compulsive and uncontrollable over time. […] Signs of bulimia can be: physical, psychological, behavioural. […] Physical signs: fluctuations in weight, however most people are of average weight; damage due to vomiting swelling around the cheeks or jaw, calluses on knuckles, damage to teeth and bad breath; feeling bloated or constipated; having new food intolerances; loss of, or changes to, menstrual periods in females; fainting or dizziness; being tired all the time. […] Psychological signs: being preoccupied with eating, food, body shape and weight; being sensitive to comments about food, weight, body shape or exercise; low self-esteem; having feelings of shame, self-loathing or guilt, particularly after eating; having a distorted body image; depression, anxiety or irritability.

• #57 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa, also known simply as bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating (eating large quantities of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control) followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which is followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in more serious cases, several times a day and may directly cause: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and even death, oral trauma, lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat due to forced throwing up movements, Russell’s sign: calluses on knuckles and back of hands due to repeated trauma from incisors, swollen salivary glands (in the neck, under the jawline), gastrointestinal problems, like constipation and acid reflux, constipation or diarrhea, hypotension, infertility and/or irregular menstrual cycles, weight fluctuations.

• #58 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Eating-Disorder-Symptoms.aspx

  Bulimia nervosa, which is more commonly referred to as bulimia, involves recurrent bing eating episodes that can be followed by a period of fasting (bulimia with anorexia), self-induced vomiting, excessive use of either laxatives, diuretics or other medications and/or exercise. […] As a result of self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging, bulimic individuals may exhibit various physical signs and symptoms. […] Binge episodes are usually on high-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-sugar junk foods. […] Evidence of red eyes occurs as a result of broken eye blood vessels during the strain of vomiting. […] Dental Effects result from excessive acid exposure from forced vomiting episodes, including erosion of the tooth enamel, cavities in the teeth, and gum diseases. […] Hand (Knuckle) Injuries result from self-induced vomiting, including Russels Sign, cuts, calluses, and scars.

• #59 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #60 Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes and Prevention | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by binge eating (consuming substantial amounts of food at one time) followed by purging through self-induced vomiting and other methods. Bulimia encompasses physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Symptoms of bulimia nervosa include consuming a huge amount of food in a brief period, followed by self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives due to the fear of gaining weight. […] Symptoms of bulimia nervosa include: Being obsessed with body image or weight. Binge eating and trying to purge privately. Acid reflux. Bloodshot eyes. Constipation. Dehydration. Depression or anxiety. Exercising excessively. Fainting. Fear of gaining weight. Feeling ashamed after binge eating. Irregular menstrual periods (Amenorrhea). Myasthenia gravis. Scars on your knuckles (from self-induced vomiting). Using the bathroom frequently after meals. Dental erosion.

• #61 Bulimia: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/bulimia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments

  Bulimia nervosa, often called bulimia, is an eating disorder. Individuals with bulimia eat large amounts of food in a relatively short time, often even when they aren’t hungry. People with bulimia tend to feel out of control when eating and can’t stop eating. […] Symptoms of bulimia include: extreme concern over body weight or body shape; eating large quantities of food over a short period, often in secret; binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting; use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or suppositories; fasting or severe dieting; or excessive exercise. […] Bulimia can cause a number of physical symptoms including: poor concentration, tooth erosion and decay, constant sore throat, muscle weakness, bone pain with exercise, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, swollen salivary glands, constipation or other bowel problems, gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating, heartburn or acid reflux, fertility problems.

• #62 Bulimia: Physical Risks, What Happens, Exams and Tests

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/bulimia-effects-body

  Like all eating disorders, bulimia is a serious illness. It can permanently damage your body and can even be deadly. […] People with bulimia will often eat large amounts of food, or binge, and then try to get rid of the calories in what is called a purge. This often involves vomiting, excessive exercising, or abuse of laxatives or diuretics. This cycle of behaviors can cause problems to all parts of your body. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging takes a toll on your body. It can cause damage to everything from your heart and digestive system to your teeth and gums. […] Bulimia can permanently damage your stomach and intestines, causing other problems like constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome. […] Repeated forceful vomiting can also cause your esophagus to burst. This is called Boerhaave syndrome. It’s an emergency and needs immediate surgery. […] When you vomit often, stomach acid may irritate your vocal cords and affect your voice. […] Bulimia raises your risk for having a miscarriage or a C-section. It also makes it more likely that your baby will be born prematurely, be small, or have a birth defect.

• #63 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #64 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Going to the bathroom after meals. Frequently disappearing after meals to throw up. Running water to disguise the sounds of vomiting. […] Calluses or scars on knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down throat to induce vomiting. […] The most dangerous side effect of bulimia is dehydration due to purging. Vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, most commonly in the form of low potassium levels. […] If you are living with bulimia, you know how scary it feels to be so out of control. Knowing that you are harming your body just adds to the fear. But take heart: change is possible. […] The first step in bulimia recovery is stopping the vicious cycle of bingeing and purging. In order to do this, it’s essential that you quit trying to diet. […] Purging isn’t effective at getting rid of calories, which is why most people suffering with bulimia end up gaining weight over time.

• #65 Bulimia and Dehydration: When to Be Concerned | The Bulimia Project

  https://bulimia.com/bulimia-symptoms/dehydration/

  Bulimia dehydration should be addressed quickly to prevent serious and potentially dangerous side effects. […] Combined, these behaviors can create a number of serious physical health complications. While dehydration is not as well-recognized as other symptoms of bulimia, it nonetheless represents a dangerous complication. […] Can bulimia cause dehydration? Though it may not seem obvious, the answer is yes. Most often, dehydration in bulimia is associated with purging. […] Vomiting and diarrhea are both known to cause dehydration. Self-induced vomiting is one of the most common purging methods used with BN, and laxative misuse could cause diarrhea or related issues. The more frequently these actions are taken, the more severe the dehydration can become. […] The risks of dehydration involved with bulimia nervosa can be severe. The type of electrolyte imbalances that often accompany dehydration in bulimia can lead to a number of serious health issues, including an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and kidney complications.

• #66 What is Bulimia Nervosa? Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment | Monte Nido

  https://www.rosewoodranch.com/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms-for-parents/

  Individuals with bulimia nervosa, or as its commonly called bulimia, often struggle with feelings of shame, guilt, a lack of control around food, and tolerating fullness. This eating disorder involves periods of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors which can lead to severe physical and psychological consequences. […] Living with bulimia nervosa can be difficult and overwhelming. Here are some signs and symptoms that you can look for: Using the bathroom right after eating, Harsh exercise regimes, Eating in secret, Mood swings, Fatigue, A fear of not being able to stop eating, Swollen glands, Weight fluctuations, Electrolyte imbalances, Gastrointestinal problems such as damage to the esophagus or throat or experiencing ulcers or acid reflux, Dental decay, eroded tooth enamel, and gum problems, Severe dehydration which can lead to kidney problems and other complications, Nutritional deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, Heart problems that can potentially lead to cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure, Often associated with depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, compounding the overall health risks, Feeling uncomfortably full and guilty after eating.

• #67 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa, also known simply as bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating (eating large quantities of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control) followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which is followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in more serious cases, several times a day and may directly cause: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and even death, oral trauma, lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat due to forced throwing up movements, Russell’s sign: calluses on knuckles and back of hands due to repeated trauma from incisors, swollen salivary glands (in the neck, under the jawline), gastrointestinal problems, like constipation and acid reflux, constipation or diarrhea, hypotension, infertility and/or irregular menstrual cycles, weight fluctuations.

• #68 Understanding Bulimia Nervosa: What It Is, Symptoms, and Treatment | VERY

  https://very.health/understanding-bulimia-nervosa-what-it-is-symptoms-and-treatment/

  In individuals with bulimia, inappropriate compensatory behaviors or purging are typically done in an attempt to rid the body of excess calories and prevent possible weight gain. […] Furthermore, individuals with bulimia nervosa often experience multiple challenges simultaneously, so there may be other co-occurring mental health conditions present such as, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. […] Bulimia nervosa is a complex mental health condition that can have serious physical and psychological consequences, so early intervention and treatment are key to achieving a successful, lasting recovery. […] According to the DSM-5, the criteria to be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa include: Recurrent episodes of binge eating, Feeling a lack of control during binge episodes, Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors, Self-evaluation is influenced by body shape and weight.

• #69 Bulimia nervosa – causes, symptoms, treatments, and when to get help | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and serious mental health condition. […] People with bulimia nervosa binge eat and use compensatory behaviours to manage their weight. […] This pattern of binge eating and compensatory behaviours can become more compulsive and uncontrollable over time. […] Signs of bulimia can be: physical, psychological, behavioural. […] Physical signs: fluctuations in weight, however most people are of average weight; damage due to vomiting swelling around the cheeks or jaw, calluses on knuckles, damage to teeth and bad breath; feeling bloated or constipated; having new food intolerances; loss of, or changes to, menstrual periods in females; fainting or dizziness; being tired all the time. […] Psychological signs: being preoccupied with eating, food, body shape and weight; being sensitive to comments about food, weight, body shape or exercise; low self-esteem; having feelings of shame, self-loathing or guilt, particularly after eating; having a distorted body image; depression, anxiety or irritability.

• #70 What Are the Physical Effects of Bulimia? – Eating Disorder Hope

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/blog/what-are-the-physical-effects-of-bulimia

  People who are struggling with bulimia also regularly engage in compensatory behaviors like vomiting, using laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or exercising excessively. Bulimia can also lead to intense emotional difficulties, including stress, anxiety, and negative self-image, which may contribute to cycles of unhealthy eating and restrictive or purging behaviors. […] The physical impacts of bulimia can present as painful and uncomfortable symptoms, many of which may result from purging — an act that stresses the body in various ways. These symptoms could include red eyes (caused by the force of vomiting), dehydration, sore or swollen throat, swollen face, scarred or callused hands (from inducing vomiting), and lightheadedness or lack of energy. […] Physical symptoms of bulimia can also include: Chest pain, Headaches, Heart palpitations, Mouth and stomach ulcers, Constipation due to laxative abuse, Dental concerns such as cavities and tooth sensitivity.

• #71 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  This means the condition can go undetected and untreated for a long time, which has physical health implications for the person experiencing the eating disorder. […] Understanding the warning signs and symptoms can help you to recognise bulimia nervosa. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps. […] Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality.

• #72 When to Seek Bulimia Treatment Immediately | Selah House

  https://selahhouse.com/resources/urgent-warning-signs-when-to-seek-bulimia-treatment-immediately/

  Bulimia nervosa is a severe eating disorder that can significantly affect one’s psychological and physical health. The act of binging and purging can cause a variety of physical and mental health problems that are potentially life-threatening. Recognizing urgent warning signs and knowing when to seek bulimia treatment immediately is essential to avoid life-threatening consequences. […] The physical effects of bulimia depend on what behaviors individuals use to compensate for binge eating. Behaviors used to prevent weight gain after binge eating include purging by self-induced vomiting, using laxatives or enemas, excessive exercise, and fasting. This eating disorder is life-threatening because these behaviors can result in dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, irregular heartbeat, organ damage, stroke, and heart attack.

• #73 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #74 Bulimia Symptoms: Physical, Behavioral, and Psychological | Nourish

  https://www.usenourish.com/bulimia/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms

  People with bulimia may notice they have dry skin, brittle nails, hair loss, and often feel cold. […] Weight fluctuations are common in bulimia due to alternating periods of binging and purging. One of the reasons bulimia is challenging to diagnose is that patients often have a normal or elevated weight.

• #75 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). […] Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. […] Other signs of bulimia include: […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. […] Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. […] Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. […] Possible complications include: […] irregular or absent periods. […] If you have bulimia, you can get support from your GP, they are there to listen and help. They’ll refer you to an eating disorder specialist or another expert who will also support you with your recovery.

• #76 Bulimia Nervosa Treatment Near You: Causes, Effects & Process

  https://emilyprogram.com/eating-disorders-we-treat/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa takes a severe toll on the entire body, causing a range of physical effects and symptoms. Dental issues are common due to frequent vomiting, leading to enamel erosion, cavities, and oral lesions. Gastrointestinal complications, such as acid reflux, esophageal inflammation, and potentially life-threatening esophageal tears, are also prevalent. […] The physical strain of bingeing and purging can cause throat soreness, chronic stomach pain, and severe dehydration. […] Bulimia nervosa can also disrupt the body’s electrolyte balance, increasing the risk of heart arrhythmias and heart failure. Individuals may experience muscle weakness, fainting, and bloodshot eyes due to the strain on the body from repeated purging. […] Early signs of bulimia include concerns about body image. People may have a strong fear of gaining weight. […] They might also feel out of control when eating. You might feel guilt or shame after eating, which can make you want to purge or exercise too much to burn off the calories.

• #77 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Eating-Disorder-Symptoms.aspx

  Bulimia nervosa, which is more commonly referred to as bulimia, involves recurrent bing eating episodes that can be followed by a period of fasting (bulimia with anorexia), self-induced vomiting, excessive use of either laxatives, diuretics or other medications and/or exercise. […] As a result of self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging, bulimic individuals may exhibit various physical signs and symptoms. […] Binge episodes are usually on high-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-sugar junk foods. […] Evidence of red eyes occurs as a result of broken eye blood vessels during the strain of vomiting. […] Dental Effects result from excessive acid exposure from forced vomiting episodes, including erosion of the tooth enamel, cavities in the teeth, and gum diseases. […] Hand (Knuckle) Injuries result from self-induced vomiting, including Russels Sign, cuts, calluses, and scars.

• #78 8 Warning Signs of Bulimia Nervosa | Walden Eating Disorders

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/blog/8-warning-signs-of-bulimia-nervosa/

  Unusual behavior around meals: Consistently disappearing following a meal, especially to the bathroom, can be a sign indicative of bulimia. The same can be said for finding open wrappers or stashes of food in unusual places; for instance, opened packs of candy bars underneath ones bed or in their closet. Excessive fluid intake after eating, especially water or diet soda, can be a precursor to certain purging behavior. Regularly eating alone in private or showering immediately following meals are also possible causes for concern. […] Intense fear of gaining weight: Individuals with bulimia commonly express strong dissatisfaction with their body type or appearance. If you notice yourself or someone you love talking more about dieting, food, shape and appearance, it might be worth paying more attention to.

• #79 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #80 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #81 Bulimia Nervosa in Adolescents | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/bulimia-nervosa-adolescents

  Bulimia usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood and is more likely to affect girls than boys. […] Signs and symptoms of bulimia can vary, but may include: […] Feeling a total lack of control during binge-eating episodes. […] Forcing oneself to vomit after a binge-eating episode. Some people with bulimia use laxatives, an enema, or diuretic after binge eating. […] Physical symptoms of bulimia may include: […] Treatment usually progresses over one year, with visits often weekly for the first two to three months, then progressing to a lesser frequency. […] Many people with eating disorders recover fully and lead normal, healthy lives with no lingering effects. But in some cases, managing an eating disorder like bulimia nervosa may require ongoing counseling and monitoring.

• #82 Bulimia symptoms and anger and aggression among adolescents | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15664-1

  Community-based research has indicated that while the lifetime prevalence of a BN diagnosis is relatively low among adolescents, ranging between 0.4% and 1.6%, the prevalence of compensatory behaviors associated with subthreshold bulimic symptoms may be relatively high, e.g. as high as 23.6% for weight loss and 23.1% for food restriction, producing medical and psychological complications comparable to those of the full-threshold disorder. […] Although BN symptoms are more common in females, their prevalence in males tends to be underestimated and there is a relative shortage of information on eating problems in boys from the general population. […] Previous research has indicated that individuals with BN often have problems with emotional regulation, which may potentially increase the risk for comorbid conditions/behaviors with similar features, such as affective and anxiety disorders, suicidal behavior, binge drinking and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

• #83 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  Bulimia nervosa commonly begins in adolescence or young adulthood and onset before puberty or after age 40 is uncommon. […] Binge eating most common starts during or after an episode of dieting to lose weight. […] For many individuals, symptoms remit with or without treatment, but treatment improves outcomes. […] Periods of remission lasting longer than 1 year are associated with better long-term outcome. […] There is an elevated risk for mortality, and the CMR (crude mortality rate) for bulimia nervosa is nearly 2% per decade (vs. 5% for anorexia nervosa). […] Individuals are also at increased risk for suicide. […] An episode of binge eating is defined by the DSM-5 as eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.

• #84 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa frequently begins during or after a period of dieting. A person with bulimia nervosa will experience a sense of lack of control and will eat a large amount of food within a relatively short period of time. The person will often feel guilt and shame during or after the episode and will engage in compensatory behaviours with the intention to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening mental illness. Bulimia nervosa is characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviours, such as vomiting or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain. […] A person with bulimia nervosa can become stuck in a cycle of eating in an out-of-control manner, followed by attempts to compensate for this, which can lead to feelings of shame, guilt and disgust. These behaviours can become more compulsive and uncontrollable over time, and lead to an obsession with food, thoughts about eating (or not eating), weight loss, dieting and body image.

• #85 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  Bulimia nervosa commonly begins in adolescence or young adulthood and onset before puberty or after age 40 is uncommon. […] Binge eating most common starts during or after an episode of dieting to lose weight. […] For many individuals, symptoms remit with or without treatment, but treatment improves outcomes. […] Periods of remission lasting longer than 1 year are associated with better long-term outcome. […] There is an elevated risk for mortality, and the CMR (crude mortality rate) for bulimia nervosa is nearly 2% per decade (vs. 5% for anorexia nervosa). […] Individuals are also at increased risk for suicide. […] An episode of binge eating is defined by the DSM-5 as eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.

• #86 What Is Bulimia Nervosa? | Eating Disorders Victoria

  https://eatingdisorders.org.au/eating-disorders-a-z/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia nervosa is a serious mental illness characterised by recurrent binge-eating episodes (the consumption of large amounts of food in a short period of time), followed by self-induced vomiting, fasting, over-exercising and/or the misuse of laxatives, enemas or diuretics. […] Bulimia nervosa often starts with weight-loss dieting. The resulting food deprivation and inadequate nutrition can trigger what is, in effect, a starvation reaction an overriding urge to eat. For some, the desire to eat is uncontrollable, leading to a substantial binge on whatever food is available, followed by compensatory behaviours. A repeat of this behaviour often follows, leading to a binge/purge/exercise cycle, which can become more compulsive over time. […] Some of the more common signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa are listed below. Remember, bulimia nervosa is a mental illness. You cant tell if someone has an eating disorder based on physical appearance alone.

• #87

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia is an eating disorder and mental health condition. […] The main signs of bulimia are eating a large amount of food over a very short time. […] Other signs of bulimia include: having a fear of putting on weight, being very critical about your weight and body shape, feeling very tense or anxious, thinking about food a lot, feeling guilty or ashamed, and behaving secretively, avoiding social activities that involve food, feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired, dramatic changes in weight – up or down, a sore throat from being sick, bloating or tummy pain, a puffy face, self-harming. […] Bulimia is often a cycle of binge eating and purging. It’s triggered by things such as hunger, sadness or stress. […] Failing to keep to these leads to periods of over eating and loss of control. You then feel guilty or ashamed and purge to get rid of the calories. This leaves you feeling hungry again and the cycle continues.

• #88 What is Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes, and Complications

  https://centerfordiscovery.com/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia nervosa is a serious emotional eating disorder that involves eating excessive amounts of food in a short period (binging) followed by guilt and shame leading to self-induced vomiting, extreme exercise, or laxative abuse (purging). Many refer to it as the binge and purge eating disorder. […] The cycle of binging and purging becomes more and more difficult to break despite the distress being caused. Many people suffering from bulimia are aware that their behaviors could be dangerous to their health, but are often unable to break the cycle without professional help. […] Bulimia can impact anyone, regardless of body size, gender, age, and culture. That’s why it’s important to identify these warning signs that you or someone you know may be struggling with bulimia: Eating unusually large amounts of food in a relatively short period of time, also known as binge eating.

• #89

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia is an eating disorder and mental health condition. […] The main signs of bulimia are eating a large amount of food over a very short time. […] Other signs of bulimia include: having a fear of putting on weight, being very critical about your weight and body shape, feeling very tense or anxious, thinking about food a lot, feeling guilty or ashamed, and behaving secretively, avoiding social activities that involve food, feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired, dramatic changes in weight – up or down, a sore throat from being sick, bloating or tummy pain, a puffy face, self-harming. […] Bulimia is often a cycle of binge eating and purging. It’s triggered by things such as hunger, sadness or stress. […] Failing to keep to these leads to periods of over eating and loss of control. You then feel guilty or ashamed and purge to get rid of the calories. This leaves you feeling hungry again and the cycle continues.

• #90 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Once you stop trying to restrict calories and follow strict dietary rules, you will no longer be overwhelmed with cravings and thoughts of food. […] While bingeing is often triggered by overly strict dieting that backfires, it can also be a way to control or numb unpleasant moods or feelings. […] The bingeing and purging of bulimia is often fueled by dysfunctional, self-sabotaging ways of thinking that undermine your confidence, color everything in an unrealistically negative light, and make you feel helpless, inadequate, and ashamed.

• #91 Eating Disorders: 6 Types and Their Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

  People with bulimia often eat large amounts of food in a limited period of time. […] A binge eating episode usually continues until they become painfully full. During a binge, they may feel that they cannot stop eating or control how much they are eating. […] Binges can happen with any type of food but most commonly occur with foods the individual would usually avoid. People with bulimia then attempt to purge to compensate for the calories consumed and to relieve gut discomfort. […] Common purging behaviors include: forced vomiting, fasting, using laxatives, using diuretics, using enemas, excessive exercise. […] Symptoms may appear very similar to those of the binge eating or purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa. […] Side effects of bulimia may include: an inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands, worn tooth enamel, tooth decay, acid reflux, gut irritation, dehydration. […] In severe cases, bulimia can also create an imbalance in levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. This can cause a stroke or heart attack.

• #92 Bulimia Nervosa

  https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/get-information-and-support/about-eating-disorders/types/bulimia/

  Bulimia (or bulimia nervosa) is a serious mental illness. People with bulimia are caught in a cycle of eating large quantities of food (called bingeing), and then trying to compensate for that overeating by vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or exercising excessively (called purging). Treatment at the earliest possible opportunity gives the best chance for a fast and sustained recovery from bulimia. […] The binge/purge cycles associated with bulimia can dominate daily life and lead to difficulties in relationships and social situations. Bulimia can cause serious physical complications as well frequent vomiting can cause problems with the teeth, and people may go to lengths to make themselves sick that could cause them harm. Laxative misuse can seriously affect the heart and digestive system. People with bulimia may also experience symptoms such as tiredness, feeling bloated, constipation, abdominal pain, irregular periods, or swelling of the hands and feet.

• #93

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/bulimia/

  Bulimia (bulimia nervosa) is an eating disorder and serious mental health condition. It can affect anyone and treatment may take time, but you can recover from it. […] The main signs of bulimia are: losing control of how much you’re eating over a very short time (binge eating) and ridding your body of the extra food (purging). […] Other signs of bulimia include: fear of putting on weight, obsessing and being very critical about your weight and body shape, mood changes feeling very tense, irritable, anxious or depressed, thinking about food a lot, and planning binge-eating, feeling guilty and ashamed, and behaving secretively about eating habits, avoiding social activities that involve food, feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines.

• #94

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bulimia/

  Bulimia is an eating disorder and mental health condition. […] The main signs of bulimia are eating a large amount of food over a very short time. […] Other signs of bulimia include: having a fear of putting on weight, being very critical about your weight and body shape, feeling very tense or anxious, thinking about food a lot, feeling guilty or ashamed, and behaving secretively, avoiding social activities that involve food, feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] You may also notice physical signs like: feeling tired, dramatic changes in weight – up or down, a sore throat from being sick, bloating or tummy pain, a puffy face, self-harming. […] Bulimia is often a cycle of binge eating and purging. It’s triggered by things such as hunger, sadness or stress. […] Failing to keep to these leads to periods of over eating and loss of control. You then feel guilty or ashamed and purge to get rid of the calories. This leaves you feeling hungry again and the cycle continues.

• #95 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa frequently begins during or after a period of dieting. A person with bulimia nervosa will experience a sense of lack of control and will eat a large amount of food within a relatively short period of time. The person will often feel guilt and shame during or after the episode and will engage in compensatory behaviours with the intention to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening mental illness. Bulimia nervosa is characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviours, such as vomiting or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain. […] A person with bulimia nervosa can become stuck in a cycle of eating in an out-of-control manner, followed by attempts to compensate for this, which can lead to feelings of shame, guilt and disgust. These behaviours can become more compulsive and uncontrollable over time, and lead to an obsession with food, thoughts about eating (or not eating), weight loss, dieting and body image.

• #96 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental illness. […] People can live with the eating disorder for a long time without seeking support. […] Understanding the signs of bulimia nervosa and seeking early treatment is the best way to begin your journey to recovery. […] People with bulimia nervosa engage in eating large amounts of food in a relatively short period of time (binge eating). […] They then try to make up for this food intake using a variety of compensatory behaviours. […] Compensatory behaviours are not a lifestyle choice they are a sign of a complex mental health problem. […] The cycle of binge eating and engaging in compensatory behaviours leads to intense feelings of shame, guilt and disgust. […] This can lead to a preoccupation with food, eating (or not eating), diet and body size, shape or weight.

• #97 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain.

• #98 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain.

• #99 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Our findings support the importance of overevaluation of weight and shape as central in a cognitive behavioral model of BN. […] Our findings help clarify individual differences within individuals diagnosed with BN. […] Network theory suggests that treatments focused on core maintaining symptoms should have the maximal effect in decreasing all symptoms within a psychopathology network. […] We found that physical sensations may bridge the associations between BN and anxiety/depression symptoms. […] In the anxiety and BN network, the anxiety symptoms feelings of wobbliness in one’s legs, unsteadiness, and dizziness fell very close to the BN symptoms and were highly central. […] In the depression and BN network, lack of interest in sex and changes in appetite were highly central.

• #100 Bulimia symptoms and anger and aggression among adolescents | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15664-1

  Community-based research has indicated that while the lifetime prevalence of a BN diagnosis is relatively low among adolescents, ranging between 0.4% and 1.6%, the prevalence of compensatory behaviors associated with subthreshold bulimic symptoms may be relatively high, e.g. as high as 23.6% for weight loss and 23.1% for food restriction, producing medical and psychological complications comparable to those of the full-threshold disorder. […] Although BN symptoms are more common in females, their prevalence in males tends to be underestimated and there is a relative shortage of information on eating problems in boys from the general population. […] Previous research has indicated that individuals with BN often have problems with emotional regulation, which may potentially increase the risk for comorbid conditions/behaviors with similar features, such as affective and anxiety disorders, suicidal behavior, binge drinking and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

• #101 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #102 Bulimia: The signs, symptoms and treatment – spunout

  https://spunout.ie/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia/

  A person with bulimias body weight may stay consistent over time, or their weight may go up and down. This means bulimia is often less noticeable than anorexia and it can go untreated for longer. […] Bulimia is a mental health condition that causes people to engage in a repeating cycle of binge eating and then doing things to cancel out or compensate for the eating binge. Not everyone who experiences bulimia will have the exact same profile of symptoms and different symptoms can emerge and change as the condition develops over time. […] Some of these symptoms affect your behaviour, while others affect how you think and how you feel. The behaviours associated with bulimia can also lead to physical health complications over time. […] Because some symptoms of bulimia dont develop straight away, its important to keep in mind that you should still reach out for help and support, even if you arent experiencing physical symptoms or complications.

• #103 The Core Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa, Anxiety, and Depression: A Network Analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5378619/

  Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by symptoms of binge eating and compensatory behavior, and overevaluation of weight and shape, which often co-occur with symptoms of anxiety and depression. […] Results showed that fear of weight gain was central to BN psychopathology, whereas binge eating, purging, and restriction were less central in the symptom network. […] Symptoms related to sensitivity to physical sensations (e.g., changes in appetite, feeling dizzy, wobbly) were identified as bridge symptoms between BN, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. […] Fear of weight gain, desire to lose weight, and feelings of fatness fell at the center of the model, suggesting that these symptoms may be core to BN psychopathology. […] Our findings suggest that while these hallmark symptoms may be critical for diagnosis, binge eating and purging may not play as strong of a maintaining role in the disorder as does fear of weight gain.

• #104 How to Treat Bulimia: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals  | The Bulimia Project

  https://bulimia.com/bulimia-treatment/guide-mental-health-professionals/

  Just as bulimia rarely develops overnight, people with bulimia often need months or even years of care to truly recover. […] Bulimia therapy can be time-consuming, but its overwhelmingly effective. In one 22-year study, researchers found that people who recovered from an eating disorder were 2.17 times more likely not to have a major depressive disorder. […] Eating disorders like bulimia are characterized by relapse. As people improve in therapy, they start to push the boundaries. For example, people who avoid holiday parties due to triggers may decide this is the year to go to a New Years Eve celebration. But the stress of that experiment pushes them to binge.

• #105 Bulimia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000341.htm

  Symptoms that other people can see include: Spending a lot of time exercising, Suddenly eating large amounts of food or buying large amounts of food that disappear right away, Regularly going to the bathroom right after meals, Throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills, emetics (medicines that cause vomiting), or diuretics. […] Bulimia is a long-term illness. Many people will still have some symptoms, even with treatment. […] People with fewer medical complications of bulimia and those willing and able to take part in therapy have a better chance of recovery. […] Bulimia can be dangerous. It may lead to serious health problems over time. For example, vomiting over and over can cause: Stomach acid in the esophagus (the tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach). This can lead to permanent damage of this area, Tears in the esophagus, Dental cavities, Swelling of the throat.

• #106 Bulimia: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/bulimia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments

  Some individuals have bulimia for a short time, such as during a stressful a stage of life. Others have it for many years. […] Bulimia can lead to dehydration. Repeated vomiting can cause stomach acids to dissolve protective tooth enamel, making teeth much more vulnerable to decay. Overuse of laxatives can cause chronic gastrointestinal problems. Severe bulimia can lead to heart problems, and sometimes can be deadly.

• #107 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #108 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #109 Bulimia Nervosa – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/eating-disorders/bulimia

  Bulimia nervosa commonly begins in adolescence or young adulthood and onset before puberty or after age 40 is uncommon. […] Binge eating most common starts during or after an episode of dieting to lose weight. […] For many individuals, symptoms remit with or without treatment, but treatment improves outcomes. […] Periods of remission lasting longer than 1 year are associated with better long-term outcome. […] There is an elevated risk for mortality, and the CMR (crude mortality rate) for bulimia nervosa is nearly 2% per decade (vs. 5% for anorexia nervosa). […] Individuals are also at increased risk for suicide. […] An episode of binge eating is defined by the DSM-5 as eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.

• #110 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #111 Bulimia nervosa | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/

  For some people bingeing and purging might be a way of trying to cope with overwhelming feelings. […] You think you have an eating disorder like bulimia nervosa or are experiencing symptoms like: collapsing or fainting; dizziness; significant tiredness or fatigue; weakness; dehydration; muscle spasms; pins and needles; irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia); chest pains high levels of distress like feeling really upset, agitated and uncomfortable. […] Symptoms may return after treatment. This is often called a relapse, and is more likely during times of stress. […] There are physical complications associated with bulimia nervosa. These can include: dental problems regular vomiting can cause your stomach acid to damage the enamel on your teeth, which can lead to tooth decay; repeated vomiting can cause bad breath and a sore throat; your skin and hair can become dry and your fingernails can become brittle due to a lack of nutrients; your saliva glands can become swollen from frequent vomiting, which makes your face appear rounder than before; frequent use of laxatives can damage your bowel muscles, causing permanent constipation (finding it difficult to poo); an increased risk of heart problems. […] Frequent vomiting or laxative use can cause: tiredness; weakness; abnormal heart rhythms; kidney damage; convulsions (fits); muscle spasms. […] Its common for people with bulimia nervosa to experience other mental health problems like depression.

• #112 Bulimia nervosa – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621

  A diagnosis of bulimia usually includes episodes of binging and purging at least once a week for three months. But any binge and purge behaviors, even when done less often, can be dangerous and need treatment. The more often the episodes occur, the more severe the bulimia is. […] Although most people with bulimia get better, some find that symptoms don’t go away entirely. Periods of binge eating and purging may come and go through the years. For example, some people may binge eat and purge when they’re under a lot of stress. […] If you’ve had an eating disorder in the past and you notice your symptoms returning, seek help from your medical team right away.

• #113 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). […] Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. […] Other signs of bulimia include: […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. […] Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. […] Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. […] Possible complications include: […] irregular or absent periods. […] If you have bulimia, you can get support from your GP, they are there to listen and help. They’ll refer you to an eating disorder specialist or another expert who will also support you with your recovery.

• #114 Bulimia and the Long Term & Short Term Consequences

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/bulimia/long-short-term-consequences

  Bulimia is a serious eating disorder that can not only causes short-term problems to an individual’s health and quality of life but can also have a severe and life threatening impact on someone’s long-term health. […] While many of these symptoms can be treated successfully, if left untreated they can lead to severe medical complications. There may be barriers to getting medical attention for bulimia in the beginning phases of an eating disorder. Some potential barriers may include: […] If the eating disorder continues to progress, untreated symptoms can lead to serious, long term conditions. […] Bulimia can impact several different bodily systems. […] About 90% of people with bulimia purge through laxative abuse and self-induced vomiting, so the majority of research focuses on the health effects of these behaviors.

• #115 When to Seek Bulimia Treatment Immediately | Selah House

  https://selahhouse.com/resources/urgent-warning-signs-when-to-seek-bulimia-treatment-immediately/

  Although the physical effects of bulimia are often seen as the most life-threatening, psychological effects are equally as important. Individuals suffering from bulimia are at higher risk for suicidal behaviors. They experience a great deal of psychological turmoil. These feelings, such as guilt, shame, and isolation, can increase depression and suicidal thoughts. As many as 38% of individuals living with bulimia have had suicidal thoughts during their lifetime, and one-third of individuals have attempted suicide. […] The longer an eating disorder like bulimia goes untreated, the higher the risk for serious long-term or permanent effects on your health and body. Permanent complications include heart, liver, and kidney failure and even brain damage. In the worst-case scenario, the risk is death.

• #116 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #117 Bulimia nervosa – causes, symptoms, treatments, and when to get help | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bulimia-nervosa

  Behavioural signs: disappearing food or hoarding of food; avoiding meals with other people; saying they have eaten when they haven’t; hiding uneaten food; dieting behaviour; spending more time alone; obsessive behaviours relating to body shape and weight repeatedly weighing themselves or looking in the mirror; excessive exercising exercising when sick or in bad weather; frequent trips to the bathroom during or after meals; use of compensatory behaviours vomiting or using laxatives, appetite suppressants or diuretics; erratic behaviour spending large amounts of money on food; self-harm, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, or making suicide attempts. […] Bulimia nervosa can cause serious damage to your physical health. Some of the physical symptoms of bulimia nervosa are: chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; inflammation of your oesophagus or stomach due to frequent vomiting; stomach ulcers and intestinal ulcers; chronic (ongoing) constipation or diarrhoea due to misuse of laxatives; osteoporosis; loss of, or changes in, menstrual periods; an increased risk of infertility; irregular or slow heartbeat leading to an increased risk of heart failure.

• #118 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #119 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #120 What Are the Physical Effects of Bulimia? – Eating Disorder Hope

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/blog/what-are-the-physical-effects-of-bulimia

  Many of the physical symptoms of bulimia can also lead to serious health complications. Although people who have bulimia usually don’t experience notable weight loss, the health consequences of binge eating and compensatory behaviors can be serious, and for many people, the symptoms of the disorder can last for multiple years. […] Serious health complications from bulimia can include kidney failure, anemia, pancreatitis, and tearing of the esophagus known as Mallory-Weiss syndrome. People who are suffering from bulimia may also experience electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia (low potassium levels), which can lead to complications that include rhabdomyolysis, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The emotional difficulties and co-occurring mental health and addiction concerns that often occur with bulimia can also contribute to the negative health outcomes of the disorder.

• #121 Bulimia nervosa – causes, symptoms, treatments, and when to get help | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bulimia-nervosa

  Behavioural signs: disappearing food or hoarding of food; avoiding meals with other people; saying they have eaten when they haven’t; hiding uneaten food; dieting behaviour; spending more time alone; obsessive behaviours relating to body shape and weight repeatedly weighing themselves or looking in the mirror; excessive exercising exercising when sick or in bad weather; frequent trips to the bathroom during or after meals; use of compensatory behaviours vomiting or using laxatives, appetite suppressants or diuretics; erratic behaviour spending large amounts of money on food; self-harm, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, or making suicide attempts. […] Bulimia nervosa can cause serious damage to your physical health. Some of the physical symptoms of bulimia nervosa are: chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; inflammation of your oesophagus or stomach due to frequent vomiting; stomach ulcers and intestinal ulcers; chronic (ongoing) constipation or diarrhoea due to misuse of laxatives; osteoporosis; loss of, or changes in, menstrual periods; an increased risk of infertility; irregular or slow heartbeat leading to an increased risk of heart failure.

• #122 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: repetitive dieting behaviour, compulsive or excessive exercise, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality. […] Physical problems that may be caused by ongoing bulimia nervosa can include: gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours, heart-related issues, ongoing dental problems, weakened bones (osteoporosis), infertility in men and women, electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs.

• #123 Bulimia nervosa: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/bulimia-nervosa-signs-and-symptoms

  A person with bulimia nervosa is often at an average or above average weight, but continued bingeing and purging puts them at medical risk. […] Behavioural signs of bulimia nervosa include eating food faster than expected or when nobody else is around, disappearing immediately after a meal or becoming more irritable. […] Physical signs include puffiness in the face, calloused knuckles and broken blood vessels in the eyes or face from repeated purging and dramatic changes in weight. […] A person with bulimia nervosa often has an average or above average weight, but the cycle of bingeing and purging puts them at serious medical risk. […] People with bulimia nervosa may develop swollen parotid glands because of their repeated purging. […] A person’s knuckles can get calloused if they repeatedly stick their fingers down their throat to induce vomiting.

• #124 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #125 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #126 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #127 The physical effects of bulimia | Signs & symptoms | Blog

  https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/the-physical-effects-of-bulimia

  Due to frequent vomiting, laxative usage, and/or diuretic use, those with bulimia may have a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastrointestinal bleeding and reflux can be brought on by vomiting and abusing laxatives excessively. […] Electrolyte abnormalities and dependence on laxatives are common in those who overuse laxatives. In some cases, the colon may extend and weaken as a result of binge eating and laxative usage, leading to chronic constipation. In extreme cases, some people with bulimia have permanently lost their bowel function and must use a colostomy bag for the rest of their lives.

• #128 The physical effects of bulimia | Signs & symptoms | Blog

  https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/post/the-physical-effects-of-bulimia

  Due to frequent vomiting, laxative usage, and/or diuretic use, those with bulimia may have a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastrointestinal bleeding and reflux can be brought on by vomiting and abusing laxatives excessively. […] Electrolyte abnormalities and dependence on laxatives are common in those who overuse laxatives. In some cases, the colon may extend and weaken as a result of binge eating and laxative usage, leading to chronic constipation. In extreme cases, some people with bulimia have permanently lost their bowel function and must use a colostomy bag for the rest of their lives.

• #129 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system and can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. […] Electrolyte imbalances can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. In severe cases, electrolyte imbalances can be fatal. […] The stomach acid in vomit can erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities, tooth decay, and gum disease. […] Repeated vomiting can damage the esophagus, causing inflammation, ulcers, and tears. In severe cases, these problems can lead to a condition called Barretts esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. […] Dehydration from purging behaviors can lead to kidney problems, such as kidney stones and kidney failure. […] Bulimia nervosa can disrupt the bodys hormones, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and osteoporosis.

• #130 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  Bulimia nervosa, also known simply as bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating (eating large quantities of food in a short period of time, often feeling out of control) followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting to prevent weight gain. […] Bulimia typically involves rapid and out-of-control eating, which is followed by self-induced vomiting or other forms of purging. This cycle may be repeated several times a week or, in more serious cases, several times a day and may directly cause: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance can lead to abnormal heart rhythms, cardiac arrest, and even death, oral trauma, lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat due to forced throwing up movements, Russell’s sign: calluses on knuckles and back of hands due to repeated trauma from incisors, swollen salivary glands (in the neck, under the jawline), gastrointestinal problems, like constipation and acid reflux, constipation or diarrhea, hypotension, infertility and/or irregular menstrual cycles, weight fluctuations.

• #131 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #132 Bulimia Nervosa – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Unlike patients with anorexia nervosa, patients rarely lose much weight or develop nutritional deficiencies. […] Recurrent self-induced vomiting may erode dental enamel and/or cause esophagitis. […] Serious fluid and electrolyte disturbances, especially hypokalemia, occur occasionally. […] Rupture of the esophagus or stomach or cardiomyopathy are rare complications. […] Treat with cognitive behavioral therapy and sometimes an SSRI.

• #133 Eating Disorders: 6 Types and Their Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

  People with bulimia often eat large amounts of food in a limited period of time. […] A binge eating episode usually continues until they become painfully full. During a binge, they may feel that they cannot stop eating or control how much they are eating. […] Binges can happen with any type of food but most commonly occur with foods the individual would usually avoid. People with bulimia then attempt to purge to compensate for the calories consumed and to relieve gut discomfort. […] Common purging behaviors include: forced vomiting, fasting, using laxatives, using diuretics, using enemas, excessive exercise. […] Symptoms may appear very similar to those of the binge eating or purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa. […] Side effects of bulimia may include: an inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands, worn tooth enamel, tooth decay, acid reflux, gut irritation, dehydration. […] In severe cases, bulimia can also create an imbalance in levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. This can cause a stroke or heart attack.

• #134 Bulimia and Dehydration: When to Be Concerned | The Bulimia Project

  https://bulimia.com/bulimia-symptoms/dehydration/

  Bulimia dehydration should be addressed quickly to prevent serious and potentially dangerous side effects. […] Combined, these behaviors can create a number of serious physical health complications. While dehydration is not as well-recognized as other symptoms of bulimia, it nonetheless represents a dangerous complication. […] Can bulimia cause dehydration? Though it may not seem obvious, the answer is yes. Most often, dehydration in bulimia is associated with purging. […] Vomiting and diarrhea are both known to cause dehydration. Self-induced vomiting is one of the most common purging methods used with BN, and laxative misuse could cause diarrhea or related issues. The more frequently these actions are taken, the more severe the dehydration can become. […] The risks of dehydration involved with bulimia nervosa can be severe. The type of electrolyte imbalances that often accompany dehydration in bulimia can lead to a number of serious health issues, including an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and kidney complications.

• #135 Bulimia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000341.htm

  Symptoms that other people can see include: Spending a lot of time exercising, Suddenly eating large amounts of food or buying large amounts of food that disappear right away, Regularly going to the bathroom right after meals, Throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills, emetics (medicines that cause vomiting), or diuretics. […] Bulimia is a long-term illness. Many people will still have some symptoms, even with treatment. […] People with fewer medical complications of bulimia and those willing and able to take part in therapy have a better chance of recovery. […] Bulimia can be dangerous. It may lead to serious health problems over time. For example, vomiting over and over can cause: Stomach acid in the esophagus (the tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach). This can lead to permanent damage of this area, Tears in the esophagus, Dental cavities, Swelling of the throat.

• #136 Bulimia nervosa | Mental Health Foundation

  https://mentalhealth.org.nz/conditions/condition/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia can have severe health consequences if left untreated, including damage to your teeth, mouth and digestive tract. Purging behaviour can lead to dangerous electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalaemia, which can affect the way your heart functions. […] There are several types of therapy that are proven to be effective in treating bulimia. This includes individual therapy, family therapy and guided self-help. […] In addition to specialist psychological treatment, you may be prescribed the antidepressant fluoxetine, as higher doses have been shown to reduce the frequency of binge-purge behaviours in bulimia. […] Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT-E) is the first line of treatment for bulimia. It focuses on patterns of thought and behaviour that are happening in the present day, rather than experiences in your past.

• #137 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system and can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. […] Electrolyte imbalances can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. In severe cases, electrolyte imbalances can be fatal. […] The stomach acid in vomit can erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities, tooth decay, and gum disease. […] Repeated vomiting can damage the esophagus, causing inflammation, ulcers, and tears. In severe cases, these problems can lead to a condition called Barretts esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. […] Dehydration from purging behaviors can lead to kidney problems, such as kidney stones and kidney failure. […] Bulimia nervosa can disrupt the bodys hormones, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and osteoporosis.

• #138 Bulimia Nervosa – National Eating Disorders Association

  https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/bulimia-nervosa/

  The recurrent binge-and-purge cycles of bulimia can affect the entire digestive system and can lead to electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions. […] Electrolyte imbalances can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, heart arrhythmias, and seizures. In severe cases, electrolyte imbalances can be fatal. […] The stomach acid in vomit can erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities, tooth decay, and gum disease. […] Repeated vomiting can damage the esophagus, causing inflammation, ulcers, and tears. In severe cases, these problems can lead to a condition called Barretts esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. […] Dehydration from purging behaviors can lead to kidney problems, such as kidney stones and kidney failure. […] Bulimia nervosa can disrupt the bodys hormones, leading to menstrual irregularities, infertility, and osteoporosis.

• #139 What Are the Physical Effects of Bulimia? – Eating Disorder Hope

  https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/blog/what-are-the-physical-effects-of-bulimia

  Many of the physical symptoms of bulimia can also lead to serious health complications. Although people who have bulimia usually don’t experience notable weight loss, the health consequences of binge eating and compensatory behaviors can be serious, and for many people, the symptoms of the disorder can last for multiple years. […] Serious health complications from bulimia can include kidney failure, anemia, pancreatitis, and tearing of the esophagus known as Mallory-Weiss syndrome. People who are suffering from bulimia may also experience electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia (low potassium levels), which can lead to complications that include rhabdomyolysis, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] The emotional difficulties and co-occurring mental health and addiction concerns that often occur with bulimia can also contribute to the negative health outcomes of the disorder.

• #140 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Going to the bathroom after meals. Frequently disappearing after meals to throw up. Running water to disguise the sounds of vomiting. […] Calluses or scars on knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down throat to induce vomiting. […] The most dangerous side effect of bulimia is dehydration due to purging. Vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, most commonly in the form of low potassium levels. […] If you are living with bulimia, you know how scary it feels to be so out of control. Knowing that you are harming your body just adds to the fear. But take heart: change is possible. […] The first step in bulimia recovery is stopping the vicious cycle of bingeing and purging. In order to do this, it’s essential that you quit trying to diet. […] Purging isn’t effective at getting rid of calories, which is why most people suffering with bulimia end up gaining weight over time.

• #141 Eating Disorders: 6 Types and Their Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/common-eating-disorders

  People with bulimia often eat large amounts of food in a limited period of time. […] A binge eating episode usually continues until they become painfully full. During a binge, they may feel that they cannot stop eating or control how much they are eating. […] Binges can happen with any type of food but most commonly occur with foods the individual would usually avoid. People with bulimia then attempt to purge to compensate for the calories consumed and to relieve gut discomfort. […] Common purging behaviors include: forced vomiting, fasting, using laxatives, using diuretics, using enemas, excessive exercise. […] Symptoms may appear very similar to those of the binge eating or purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa. […] Side effects of bulimia may include: an inflamed and sore throat, swollen salivary glands, worn tooth enamel, tooth decay, acid reflux, gut irritation, dehydration. […] In severe cases, bulimia can also create an imbalance in levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. This can cause a stroke or heart attack.

• #142 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #143 What is Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes, and Complications

  https://centerfordiscovery.com/conditions/bulimia/

  Gastric reflux disease (from self-induced vomiting). […] Internal bleeding secondary to esophageal and gastric tears (from self-induced vomiting). […] Severe fluctuations in weight. […] Nutrient depletion (from laxative and diuretic abuse as well as vomiting). […] Rebound constipation (from laxative use). […] Digestion complications (from laxative use). […] Dental cavities (from self-induced vomiting). […] Excoriations on back of hands (from self-induced vomiting). […] Cardiac complications from electrolytes abnormalities. […] Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation). […] Sore throat (from self-induced vomiting). […] Hoarse voice (from self-induced vomiting). […] Swollen salivary glands (from self-induced vomiting). […] Bulimia, like other eating disorders, has an increased risk of death due to medical consequences or suicide. An individual’s chance for recovery greatly improves the earlier bulimia is detected, so prompt intervention is essential.

• #144 8 Warning Signs of Bulimia Nervosa | Walden Eating Disorders

  https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/blog/8-warning-signs-of-bulimia-nervosa/

  Dental issues: This is common among those who partake in self-induced vomiting. Frequent vomiting builds up acid levels in the mouth which, over time, can lead to tooth decay, erosion, discoloration and even loss of teeth. […] Scars on fingers or knuckles: This mostly applies to individuals who use self-induced vomiting as a compensatory behavior. Repeated instances of purging can cause irritation, calluses or scars on ones knuckles or on the back of their hands (also called Russells Sign). […] Social withdrawal: Binge episodes and subsequent compensatory behaviors can be used as coping mechanisms to deal with overwhelming feelings of stress, anxiety, and even depression. Someone with bulimia might isolate in order to avoid social situations, especially those involving food or meals. […] Over-exercise: Not everyone who over-exercises has bulimia. But exercise bulimia is a real thing, occurring when someone uses exercise as a means to compensate for caloric intake. This form of bulimia is becoming increasingly common in males. A warning sign to look for here is the inability for a person to take a day off even if they are injured or ill.

• #145 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #146 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #147 What is Bulimia Nervosa? Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment | Monte Nido

  https://www.rosewoodranch.com/bulimia-nervosa-symptoms-for-parents/

  Individuals with bulimia nervosa, or as its commonly called bulimia, often struggle with feelings of shame, guilt, a lack of control around food, and tolerating fullness. This eating disorder involves periods of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors which can lead to severe physical and psychological consequences. […] Living with bulimia nervosa can be difficult and overwhelming. Here are some signs and symptoms that you can look for: Using the bathroom right after eating, Harsh exercise regimes, Eating in secret, Mood swings, Fatigue, A fear of not being able to stop eating, Swollen glands, Weight fluctuations, Electrolyte imbalances, Gastrointestinal problems such as damage to the esophagus or throat or experiencing ulcers or acid reflux, Dental decay, eroded tooth enamel, and gum problems, Severe dehydration which can lead to kidney problems and other complications, Nutritional deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, Heart problems that can potentially lead to cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure, Often associated with depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, compounding the overall health risks, Feeling uncomfortably full and guilty after eating.

• #148 Bulimia nervosa | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/

  For some people bingeing and purging might be a way of trying to cope with overwhelming feelings. […] You think you have an eating disorder like bulimia nervosa or are experiencing symptoms like: collapsing or fainting; dizziness; significant tiredness or fatigue; weakness; dehydration; muscle spasms; pins and needles; irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia); chest pains high levels of distress like feeling really upset, agitated and uncomfortable. […] Symptoms may return after treatment. This is often called a relapse, and is more likely during times of stress. […] There are physical complications associated with bulimia nervosa. These can include: dental problems regular vomiting can cause your stomach acid to damage the enamel on your teeth, which can lead to tooth decay; repeated vomiting can cause bad breath and a sore throat; your skin and hair can become dry and your fingernails can become brittle due to a lack of nutrients; your saliva glands can become swollen from frequent vomiting, which makes your face appear rounder than before; frequent use of laxatives can damage your bowel muscles, causing permanent constipation (finding it difficult to poo); an increased risk of heart problems. […] Frequent vomiting or laxative use can cause: tiredness; weakness; abnormal heart rhythms; kidney damage; convulsions (fits); muscle spasms. […] Its common for people with bulimia nervosa to experience other mental health problems like depression.

• #149 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #150 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). […] Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. […] Other signs of bulimia include: […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. […] Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. […] Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. […] Possible complications include: […] irregular or absent periods. […] If you have bulimia, you can get support from your GP, they are there to listen and help. They’ll refer you to an eating disorder specialist or another expert who will also support you with your recovery.

• #151 Bulimia: Symptoms, diagnosis and treatments – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/bulimia-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments

  Bulimia nervosa, often called bulimia, is an eating disorder. Individuals with bulimia eat large amounts of food in a relatively short time, often even when they aren’t hungry. People with bulimia tend to feel out of control when eating and can’t stop eating. […] Symptoms of bulimia include: extreme concern over body weight or body shape; eating large quantities of food over a short period, often in secret; binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting; use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or suppositories; fasting or severe dieting; or excessive exercise. […] Bulimia can cause a number of physical symptoms including: poor concentration, tooth erosion and decay, constant sore throat, muscle weakness, bone pain with exercise, low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, swollen salivary glands, constipation or other bowel problems, gastrointestinal problems, such as bloating, heartburn or acid reflux, fertility problems.

• #152 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  Behavioural signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: repetitive dieting behaviour, compulsive or excessive exercise, avoiding social situations and/or becoming more socially withdrawn, eating alone or in secret, avoiding other people at meal times, hiding food, frequent trips to the bathroom during or after eating, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics or appetite suppressants, spending large amounts of money on food, self-harming behaviour, substance misuse and suicidality. […] Physical problems that may be caused by ongoing bulimia nervosa can include: gastrointestinal conditions associated with compensatory behaviours, heart-related issues, ongoing dental problems, weakened bones (osteoporosis), infertility in men and women, electrolyte imbalance from self-induced vomiting this can cause severe dehydration, and damage nerves, muscles and organs.

• #153 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  The warning signs of bulimia nervosa can be physical, psychological, and behavioural. It is possible for a person with bulimia nervosa to display a combination of these symptoms, or no obvious symptoms. […] Some of the medical impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Chronic sore throat, indigestion, heartburn and reflux; Inflammation and rupture of the oesophagus and stomach from frequent vomiting; Stomach and intestinal ulcers; Chronic irregular bowel movements, constipation and/or diarrhoea due to deliberate misuse of laxatives; Heart problems including slow heart rate, irregular heartbeat and low blood pressure; Electrolyte disturbance, including potassium and sodium; Osteoporosis or osteopenia: a reduction in bone density caused by a specific nutritional deficiency; Fatigue and lethargy; Loss of or disturbance to menstruation; Increased risk of infertility; Death.

• #154 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa

  Going to the bathroom after meals. Frequently disappearing after meals to throw up. Running water to disguise the sounds of vomiting. […] Calluses or scars on knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down throat to induce vomiting. […] The most dangerous side effect of bulimia is dehydration due to purging. Vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, most commonly in the form of low potassium levels. […] If you are living with bulimia, you know how scary it feels to be so out of control. Knowing that you are harming your body just adds to the fear. But take heart: change is possible. […] The first step in bulimia recovery is stopping the vicious cycle of bingeing and purging. In order to do this, it’s essential that you quit trying to diet. […] Purging isn’t effective at getting rid of calories, which is why most people suffering with bulimia end up gaining weight over time.

• #155 Bulimia nervosa | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/bulimia-nervosa

  This means the condition can go undetected and untreated for a long time, which has physical health implications for the person experiencing the eating disorder. […] Understanding the warning signs and symptoms can help you to recognise bulimia nervosa. […] Physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: weight change or fluctuations in weight, dental erosion, bad breath, swelling around the cheeks and jaw, indigestion, frequent constipation, diarrhoea or new food intolerances, heart-related conditions, irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, fainting or dizziness that is not due to another illness or health condition, fatigue and sleep difficulties, loss of periods or altered menstrual cycles, muscle fatigue, cramps. […] Psychological signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa can include: preoccupation or obsession with eating, dieting, exercise or body image, fear of gaining weight, sensitivity to comments about eating, dieting, exercise or body image, feelings of shame, guilt and disgust, especially after eating and/or purging, a distorted body image or extreme dissatisfaction with body shape, anxiety or irritability around meal times, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or suicidality.

• #156 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Over time, the high acid content of vomit can damage teeth and cause enamel erosion, tooth sensitivity, and gum disease. […] Frequent purging can cause dehydration. […] Bulimia can cause low blood pressure, a weak pulse, and anemia. […] The nutritional deficiencies people with bulimia experience can cause a hormonal imbalance. […] Bulimia can interfere with your menstrual cycle or stop it altogether. […] Dehydration from frequent vomiting means that your body doesnt have enough water. […] Dry skin and nails are also a long-term side effect of bulimia.

• #157 Exercise Bulimia Signs & Symptoms | Effects on the Body

  https://withinhealth.com/learn/articles/exercise-bulimia-signs-symptoms

  Exercise bulimia and excessive exercise can lead to many different psychological and medical complications, including increased risk of arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythm), extreme fatigue, weakened immune system leading to more frequent illnesses, overuse injuries, such as stress fractures or osteoarthritis, mood swings or irritability, depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances, extreme soreness, dangerous weight loss, increased suicidality. […] Not all exercise is bad, which can make it particularly tricky to parcel out who has exercise bulimia and who is simply a gym enthusiast.

• #158 Bulimia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000341.htm

  Vomiting and overuse of enemas or laxatives can lead to: Your body not having as much water and fluid as it should, Low level of potassium in the blood, which may lead to dangerous heart rhythm problems, Hard stools or constipation, Hemorrhoids, Damage to the pancreas. […] People with bulimia have a high risk for suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempts.

• #159 Bulimia Nervosa: Signs, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/bulimia-nervosa

  Substance abuse, impulsivity and self-harm are also common in people with bulimia. […] Proper treatment for bulimia requires professional help from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. […] Recovery from an eating disorder takes time and full support from loved ones. […] Potential health complications of bulimia include: […] Many of the complications of bulimia can become life-threatening if left untreated. […] Bulimia is easier to treat before it causes severe health problems. […] If you find signs of binging and purging coupled with other signs and symptoms of bulimia, make an appointment with your family doctor or pediatrician to discuss your concerns.

• #160 When to Seek Bulimia Treatment Immediately | Selah House

  https://selahhouse.com/resources/urgent-warning-signs-when-to-seek-bulimia-treatment-immediately/

  Although the physical effects of bulimia are often seen as the most life-threatening, psychological effects are equally as important. Individuals suffering from bulimia are at higher risk for suicidal behaviors. They experience a great deal of psychological turmoil. These feelings, such as guilt, shame, and isolation, can increase depression and suicidal thoughts. As many as 38% of individuals living with bulimia have had suicidal thoughts during their lifetime, and one-third of individuals have attempted suicide. […] The longer an eating disorder like bulimia goes untreated, the higher the risk for serious long-term or permanent effects on your health and body. Permanent complications include heart, liver, and kidney failure and even brain damage. In the worst-case scenario, the risk is death.

• #161 What is Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes, and Complications

  https://centerfordiscovery.com/conditions/bulimia/

  Gastric reflux disease (from self-induced vomiting). […] Internal bleeding secondary to esophageal and gastric tears (from self-induced vomiting). […] Severe fluctuations in weight. […] Nutrient depletion (from laxative and diuretic abuse as well as vomiting). […] Rebound constipation (from laxative use). […] Digestion complications (from laxative use). […] Dental cavities (from self-induced vomiting). […] Excoriations on back of hands (from self-induced vomiting). […] Cardiac complications from electrolytes abnormalities. […] Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation). […] Sore throat (from self-induced vomiting). […] Hoarse voice (from self-induced vomiting). […] Swollen salivary glands (from self-induced vomiting). […] Bulimia, like other eating disorders, has an increased risk of death due to medical consequences or suicide. An individual’s chance for recovery greatly improves the earlier bulimia is detected, so prompt intervention is essential.

• #162 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa can lead to a variety of general medical complications, including metabolic alkalosis, dehydration, constipation, and cardiac arrhythmias. […] Most patients who have bulimia nervosa will recover from the condition. […] The five-year remission rate for bulimia nervosa using DSM-IV criteria has an estimate of 74%, and among those, 47% also had a relapse within those five years. […] Bulimia nervosa is proven to be associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. […] Complications associated with bulimia nervosa include salivary gland hypertrophy (sialadenosis) and swollen cheeks, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, GERD, Barretts esophagus, laryngopharyngeal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, achalasia, esophageal spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, dental enamel erosion, rectal prolapse, and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

• #163 Bulimia: Symptoms & Treatment – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/bulimia/

  Bulimia is usually treated with the help of psychotherapy and often also nutritional therapy. The physical and psychological consequences of the disease, such as a lack of nutrients or depression, must also be treated. Bulimia can be cured in many cases, but in rare cases the illness can become chronic. The chances of recovery are better if those affected seek treatment at an early stage. […] The course and prognosis of bulimia vary from person to person and cannot be generalized. The earlier bulimia is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat and the better the chances of recovery. Bulimia can be cured in more than half of all cases. Nevertheless, the course and treatment are often protracted relapses can occur again and again. Those affected therefore need some patience and perseverance for the therapy.

• #164 Bulimia nervosa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa

  These are some of the many signs that may indicate whether someone has bulimia nervosa: a fixation on the number of calories consumed, a fixation on an extreme consciousness of one’s weight, low self-esteem and/or self-harming, suicidal tendencies, an irregular menstrual cycle in women, regular trips to the bathroom, especially soon after eating, depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders, frequent occurrences involving the consumption of abnormally large portions of food, the use of laxatives, diuretics, and diet pills, compulsive or excessive exercise, unhealthy/dry skin, hair, nails, and lips, fatigue, or exhaustion. […] The onset of bulimia nervosa is often during adolescence, between 13 and 20 years of age, and many cases have previously experienced obesity, with many relapsing in adulthood into episodic bingeing and purging even after initially successful treatment and remission. A lifetime prevalence of 0.5 percent and 0.9 percent for adults and adolescents, respectively, is estimated among the United States population. Bulimia nervosa may affect up to 1% of young women and, after 10 years of diagnosis, half will recover fully, a third will recover partially, and 10-20% will still have symptoms.

• #165 The Long-Term Effects of Bulimia on the Body

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bulimia/effects-on-body

  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder thats described as a destructive pattern of eating and purging to control weight. […] However, these arent the only symptoms of the disorder. Bulimia can present itself through the following symptoms: […] Unlike anorexia, another type of eating disorder, bulimia doesnt necessarily have symptoms of significant weight loss. But the effects are still very real. […] You may experience depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive behaviors. […] Compulsive exercising or preoccupation with appearance are also common symptoms. […] Over time, guilt can build up from keeping secrets from your friends and loved ones. […] The cycle of bingeing and purging eventually takes a toll on your digestive system. […] A sore throat, stomach pain, or both may be the first obvious physical side effects of bulimia.

• #166 Bulimia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/

  The main signs of bulimia are: […] ridding your body of the extra food (purging). […] Purging may include making yourself sick (vomiting), taking laxative or diuretic medicines, avoiding eating for long periods of time, exercising excessively, or a combination of these. […] Other signs of bulimia include: […] feeling like you have no control over your eating. […] Treatment for bulimia takes time, but you can recover. Depending on how long you’ve had bulimia and how severe it is, treatment can last several months or years. […] Bulimia can eventually lead to physical problems associated with not getting the right nutrients, making yourself sick a lot, or overusing laxative medicines. […] Sometimes, without the right support, bulimia can be life-threatening. […] Possible complications include: […] irregular or absent periods. […] If you have bulimia, you can get support from your GP, they are there to listen and help. They’ll refer you to an eating disorder specialist or another expert who will also support you with your recovery.

• #167 What is Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes, and Complications

  https://centerfordiscovery.com/conditions/bulimia/

  Gastric reflux disease (from self-induced vomiting). […] Internal bleeding secondary to esophageal and gastric tears (from self-induced vomiting). […] Severe fluctuations in weight. […] Nutrient depletion (from laxative and diuretic abuse as well as vomiting). […] Rebound constipation (from laxative use). […] Digestion complications (from laxative use). […] Dental cavities (from self-induced vomiting). […] Excoriations on back of hands (from self-induced vomiting). […] Cardiac complications from electrolytes abnormalities. […] Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation). […] Sore throat (from self-induced vomiting). […] Hoarse voice (from self-induced vomiting). […] Swollen salivary glands (from self-induced vomiting). […] Bulimia, like other eating disorders, has an increased risk of death due to medical consequences or suicide. An individual’s chance for recovery greatly improves the earlier bulimia is detected, so prompt intervention is essential.

• #168 What Is Bulimia Nervosa? | National Alliance for Eating Disorders

  https://www.allianceforeatingdisorders.com/bulimia-nervosa/

  Bulimia Nervosa can cause a number of serious health complications. The cycle of bingeing and purging can cause damage to everything from your teeth and esophagus to your heart and liver. […] Bulimia Nervosa can be a fatal disorder. It is extremely important to seek treatment if you or a loved one is experiencing any of the above side effects. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with Bulimia Nervosa, you do not have to go through this alone. The Alliance is here to help. […] Early intervention greatly increases the likelihood of recovery.

• #169 Bulimia Nervosa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562178/

  Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight with potentially dangerous sequelae. […] Bulimia nervosa is a condition that occurs most commonly in adolescent females, characterized by indulgence in binge-eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. […] Binging episodes are followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain: Self-induced vomiting, Laxatives abuse, Diuretic use, Extreme physical activity, Fasting. […] The episodes should occur at least once a week for three months to establish a diagnosis. […] The primary objective of treatment is a cessation of the binging and purging behavior. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline have shown to reduce symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

• #170 Bulimia nervosa | Mental Health Foundation

  https://mentalhealth.org.nz/conditions/condition/bulimia-nervosa

  Bulimia can have severe health consequences if left untreated, including damage to your teeth, mouth and digestive tract. Purging behaviour can lead to dangerous electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalaemia, which can affect the way your heart functions. […] There are several types of therapy that are proven to be effective in treating bulimia. This includes individual therapy, family therapy and guided self-help. […] In addition to specialist psychological treatment, you may be prescribed the antidepressant fluoxetine, as higher doses have been shown to reduce the frequency of binge-purge behaviours in bulimia. […] Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT-E) is the first line of treatment for bulimia. It focuses on patterns of thought and behaviour that are happening in the present day, rather than experiences in your past.

• #171 Bulimia nervosa

  https://nedc.com.au/eating-disorders/types/bulimia-nervosa

  Some of the psychological impacts and complications associated with bulimia nervosa include: Extreme body dissatisfaction/distorted body image; Obsessive thoughts and preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight; Social withdrawal; Feelings of shame, guilt, and self-loathing; Depressive or anxious symptoms and behaviours; Self-harm or suicidality; Substance misuse. […] It is possible to recover from bulimia nervosa, even if a person has been living with the illness for many years. The path to recovery can be long and challenging, however, with the right team and support, recovery is possible. Some people may find that recovery brings new understanding, insights and skills.

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