Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Dermatitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20352380

  Dermatitis is a common condition that causes swelling and irritation of the skin. It has many causes and forms and often involves itchy, dry skin or a rash. Or it might cause the skin to blister, ooze, crust or flake. […] Symptoms may include: Itchiness that can be painful. Dry, cracked, scaly skin, more typical on white skin. Rash on swollen skin that varies in color depending on skin color. Blisters, perhaps with oozing and crusting. Dandruff. Thickened skin. Small, raised bumps, more typical on brown or Black skin. […] It’s a chronic condition and tends to flare periodically. The symptoms vary. […] Atopic dermatitis tends to be red, weepy, crusty, itchy, flaky patches, like oval or circular-shaped areas on the skin. […] Repeated scratching that breaks the skin can cause open sores and cracks. These increase the risk of infection from bacteria and fungi. These skin infections can spread and become life-threatening, though this is rare. […] In people with brown and Black skin, dermatitis might cause the affected skin to darken or lighten. These conditions are called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and post-inflammatory hypopigmentation. It might take months or years for the skin to return to its usual color.

• #2 Dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatitis

  Dermatitis is a term used for different types of skin inflammation, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body. […] Dermatitis symptoms vary with all different forms of the condition. Although every type of dermatitis has different symptoms, there are certain signs that are common for all of them, including redness of the skin, swelling, itching and skin lesions with sometimes oozing and scarring. Also, the area of the skin on which the symptoms appear tends to be different with every type of dermatitis, whether on the neck, wrist, forearm, thigh or ankle. […] Although the symptoms of atopic dermatitis vary from person to person, the most common symptoms are dry, itchy, red skin, on light skin. However, this redness does not appear on darker skin and dermatitis can appear darker brown or purple in color.

• #3 Dermatitis: Types, Treatments, Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4089-dermatitis

  Dermatitis is a word used to describe a number of skin irritations and rashes caused by genetics, an overactive immune system, infections, allergies, irritating substances and more. Common symptoms include dry skin, redness and itchiness. […] Itchiness and redness are commonly the first signs of dermatitis. […] The symptoms depend on the type of dermatitis. You may have one type, or you may have several. Each type may have one or more of the following symptoms: Itching. Red rashes and bumps. Rashes that look and/or feel like a burn. Dry skin. Fluid-filled blisters. Thickening, hardening and swelling skin. Crusting, scaling and creasing skin. Painful ulcers. When scratched, the rashes may ooze fluid or bleed. […] Atopic dermatitis happens when there is damage to the skin barrier. This causes the skin to become inflamed, red, dry, bumpy and itchy.

• #4

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/dermatology/dermatitis

  Dermatitis is a common skin condition that causes skin inflammation and irritation. There are different types of dermatitis that can affect anyone, causing rashes, dry patches and itchy bumps on your skin. […] Common symptoms of dermatitis include a skin rash and itchy skin. However, there are a range of symptoms depending on your type of dermatitis. […] Common symptoms of dermatitis include: Red, inflamed or bumpy skin, Itching, Dry patches, Swelling, Blisters or oozing, Crusting or flaking skin. […] Its important to seek treatment if youre suffering from extreme dermatitis symptoms, such as intense itching or blisters. If left untreated, it could lead to viral or bacterial skin infections, which can potentially spread or leave permanent scars.

• #5 Overview of Dermatitis – Skin Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/overview-of-dermatitis

  Dermatitis is inflammation of the upper layers of the skin, causing itching, blisters, redness, swelling, and often oozing, scabbing, and scaling. […] Typical symptoms include a red itchy rash, scaling, open sores, oozing, and crusting. […] Dermatitis causes: Redness, Itching, Scaling, Swelling, Oozing, Crusting, Blisters (sometimes), Thickening of skin, or lichenification (in chronic dermatitis). […] Chronic dermatitis often results in thickening of skin and cracks in the skin. Any type of dermatitis may be complicated by an infection. […] Chronic dermatitis persists over a long period of time. The hands are particularly vulnerable to chronic dermatitis, because the hands are in frequent contact with many foreign substances. Chronic scratching and rubbing because of itching often results in thickening of the skin (lichenification).

• #6 Understanding Dermatitis — Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-dermatitis-symptoms

  The main symptom of dermatitis, or skin inflammation, is dry, red, itchy skin. […] There are many types of dermatitis. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of dermatitis you have. […] Contact dermatitis, caused by exposure to an irritant or allergic reaction, typically shows up as a red, itchy rash that is limited to the area of skin exposed to the substance. […] Nummular dermatitis, common in people who have dry skin or live in dry environments, shows up as red, itchy, circular patches of weeping, scaly, or crusted skin. […] Seborrheic dermatitis, called cradle cap in infants, causes greasy, yellowish scales on the scalp and eyebrows, behind the ears, and around the nose. […] Stasis dermatitis causes scaling, darkening and swelling of the lower legs. Sometimes ulcerated or open skin appears inside the lower legs and around the ankles. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) can cause extreme, persistent skin itchiness. However, many times, itchiness results simply from dry skin.

• #7 Atopic Dermatitis Pictures, Causes, vs Eczema & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/atopic_dermatitis/article.htm

  Atopic dermatitis is a chronic eczematous skin disease that usually begins in childhood. […] In atopic dermatitis, the skin becomes extremely itchy and inflamed, causing redness, swelling, vesicle formation (minute blisters), cracking, weeping, crusting, and scaling. […] Although atopic dermatitis can occur at any age, most often it affects infants and young children. […] In most cases, there are periods when the disease is worse, called exacerbations or flares, which are followed by periods when the skin improves or clears up entirely, called remissions. […] The most common symptoms are dry, itchy, red skin. […] Itch is the hallmark of the disease. […] Itchiness is an important factor in atopic dermatitis because scratching and rubbing can worsen the skin inflammation that is characteristic of this disease.

• #8 Stages of Atopic Dermatitis: What Do They Mean?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/stages-of-atopic-dermatitis/

  Atopic dermatitis, the most common type of eczema, has three distinct stages: acute, subacute, and chronic. […] Symptoms are heightened during the acute stage due to increased inflammation in the body, Dr. Karagounis says. While symptoms vary from person to person, they may include the following: Intense itching, Small, rough bumps (especially in darker skin tones), Extreme redness (especially in lighter skin tones) or areas that are dark brown, gray, or purple (especially in darker skin tones), Warm and swollen skin, Fluid-filled blisters that ooze and form a crust. […] After the acute stage, people with atopic dermatitis often move into the subacute stage. […] During the subacute stage, according to Karagounis and research, you may notice these symptoms: Some dryness, flaking, or scaling, Lessened itching, Sensitivity to touch, Lessened redness or discoloration.

• #9 Eczema Stages: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eczema-stages-1069256

  Eczema (atopic dermatitis) has three stages: acute, subacute (healing stage), and chronic. Each eczema stage has unique symptoms, though the most familiar is a red, scaly, blistered rash. The irritation can appear on any part of the body but most often breaks out around the eyes or on the hands, neck, elbows, knees, ankles, or feet. […] The acute stage of eczema can cause: Bumps, Extreme redness, Fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that may ooze, Intense itching, Pain, Swelling, Tenderness. […] The subacute stage is in the „middle” of the progression, but eczema can also start at this stage. Long-lasting subacute rashes can also become chronic. […] During the subacute stage, eczema can cause: Cracks in the skin, Flaky, scaly skin, Itching, burning, and/or stinging, Redness that can be less intense than the acute stage but is not always.

• #10 Stages of Atopic Dermatitis: What Do They Mean?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/stages-of-atopic-dermatitis/

  The chronic stage of atopic dermatitis is the most common stage, says Yu. Most of the time, dermatitis is spent in the chronic stage, with various triggers that can bring old or new patches back into the acute stage, Yu says. For people with chronic eczema, flare-ups can last for months. […] The symptoms in this stage differ a bit from those of the acute and subacute stages. According to Yu, they can include the following: Chronic patches of skin that are itchy and slightly redder or more discolored than nonsymptomatic skin, Lichenified skin, meaning the skin lines are accentuated from repeated scratching, A darkening of an area of the skin that has had repeated flare-ups.

• #11 Eczema Stages: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/eczema-stages-1069256

  The symptoms of chronic eczema include: Cracks in the skin, Dark, dull, or discolored skin, Deeper skin lines, Larger areas of skin breakdown (excoriations), Itching, Thickened, leathery-looking skin or lichenification (lichen simplex chronicus). […] Eczema can cause the skin to itch, which can lead to scratching. When clear fluid drains from the skin after itching, it is called weeping eczema. As this fluid dries, it forms a crust on the skin. […] As eczema moves from the acute phase to the sub-acute (healing) phase, the skin might become flaky and dry, with cracks in the skin and decreasing redness. It might burn or sting, but again, symptoms tend to improve during healing.

• #12 Dermatitis: Types, Treatments, Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4089-dermatitis

  Dermatitis can cause pain for some people. The symptoms can be different depending on the type of dermatitis. […] Some people feel a burning sensation. Others feel itchiness or both itchiness and a burning feeling. The sensations vary from person to person, and from type to type. […] The length of recovery time depends on the type of dermatitis and the treatment you get. Even with treatment, it can take several weeks or months to improve. Atopic dermatitis can be with you lifelong, but you can reduce the symptoms with treatment. […] Scratching your skin can sometimes lead to infections and scars. Try to get treatment as soon as you notice dermatitis symptoms so that you can avoid this.

• #13 Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6173-contact-dermatitis

  If your body doesn’t like something that touches your skin, your immune system responds. When you see your skin swell or become inflamed, that’s a sign that your white blood cells are responding to the allergen or irritant, which can cause an itchy rash. The rash may appear in minutes if it’s caused by an irritant, or may take hours or days to appear after exposure to an allergen. […] It can take several weeks for the contact dermatitis rash to go away with treatment. You might notice symptoms of itching decrease or go away a couple of days after treatment begins even though you still have a visible rash on your skin. Mild cases of contact dermatitis could go away within a few days with avoidance of what caused your symptoms, with no additional treatment necessary. If you experience symptoms of contact dermatitis, reach out to a healthcare provider for help with your symptoms.

• #14 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis, often referred to as eczema, is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin. Atopic dermatitis causes the skin to become extremely itchy. Scratching leads to further redness, swelling, cracking, weeping clear fluid, crusting, and scaling. In most cases, there are periods of time when the disease is worse, called flares, followed by periods when the skin improves or clears up entirely, called remissions. […] The most common symptom of atopic dermatitis is itching, which can be severe. Other common symptoms include red, dry patches of skin, rashes that may ooze, weep clear fluid, or bleed when scratched, and thickening and hardening of the skin. The symptoms can flare in multiple areas of the body at the same time and can appear in the same locations and in new locations.

• #15 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Overview

  https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/eczema-(atopic-dermatitis)-overview

  Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin disease that usually starts in early childhood. One of the main symptoms of this condition is very itchy and dry skin. The skin becomes inflamed, red, irritated and scaly. Chronic inflammation below the surface of the skin is a major reason eczema occurs. Eczema can occur on the face, arms, legs, hands, and feet. About half of those with eczema also have allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, or food allergies. If the skin inflammation is not well controlled then infections due to bacteria, viruses, or yeast can occur. In infants and children, the rash often occurs on the scalp, knees, elbows, and cheeks. In adults the rash can occur on the creases of wrists, elbows, knees, ankles, face, and neck. The rash is usually itchy, red, and scaly in people with fair skin. Scratch marks often occur due to the itchy nature of the rash. If one has the rash for a long period of time the affected skin can become thicker. Dry skin can worsen the itching and rash starting what is described as an itch-scratch cycle. Infections can occur if the inflammation and itching are not well controlled. The major goals of treatment are to improve quality of life and to minimize skin inflammation. Those with eczema should be able to participate in school, work, social, and family activities. Patients should feel healthy and satisfied with the skin’s appearance.

• #16 Atopic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/types-of-eczema/atopic-dermatitis/

  Atopic dermatitis often appears as an itchy rash or dry, scaly patches on the skin that may appear red, purple, brown or grayish hue depending on skin tone. Symptoms commonly appear on the face, inside the elbows or behind the knees. However, atopic dermatitis can appear anywhere on the body, and for some it can be widespread. Skin can become dry and discolored, and repeated scratching can cause thickening and hardening a process called lichenification. […] Common symptoms of atopic dermatitis include: Significant itch in affected areas itch may affect sleep, ability to focus at work or school, or result in intense scratching that causes skin to bleed, Inflamed skin (which can look pink, red, purple, brown or gray depending on skin tone) that can also be painful to touch, Dry, scaly skin or skin that oozes clear fluid, Thickened skin and light or dark patches in areas previously affected.

• #17 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is often called the itch that rashes. This description explains what happens when the condition begins. It tends to start suddenly with very itchy skin. Scratching the itchy skin often causes a rash. […] Once atopic dermatitis begins, you may notice one or more of the following: Itchy skin […] Dry, scaly areas […] Red rash (especially on lighter skin tones) […] Small, rough bumps (more common in darker skin tones) […] Dark brown, purple, or grayish areas of skin (darker skin tones) […] Skin feels warm and maybe swollen (inflammation) […] Scratch marks […] Raw skin from scratching […] Bumps or rashes leaking fluid […] Blisters that ooze and crust over […] After healing, skin may be lighter or darker where you had atopic dermatitis. […] Flare-ups can come and go for years. While the skin is healing in one area, flare-ups may occur in other areas. The flare-ups can also occur in the same place again and again.

• #18 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  During infancy and up to 2 years of age, it is most common for a red rash, which may ooze when scratched, to appear on the face, scalp, and area of skin around joints that touch when the joint bends. […] During childhood, usually 2 years of age to puberty, it is most common for a red thickened rash, which may ooze or bleed when scratched, to appear on the elbows and knees, usually in the bend, neck, and ankles. […] During the teenage and adult years, it is most common for a red to dark brown scaly rash, which may bleed and crust when scratched, to appear on the hands, neck, elbows and knees, usually in the bend, skin around the eyes, and ankles and feet. Other common skin features of atopic dermatitis include an extra fold of skin under the eye, which is known as a Dennie-Morgan fold, darkening of the skin beneath the eyes, and extra skin creases on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

• #19 Atopic Dermatitis : Symptoms, Factors & Treatments | BIODERMA US

  https://www.bioderma.us/en/expert-advice/normal-dry-to-atopic-skin/atopic-dermatitis-symptoms.html

  Complications of atopic dermatitis can happen and lead to: Bacteria skin infections or viral skin infections, Irritant hand dermatitis, Allergic contact dermatitis, Sleep loss because of scratching, Conjunctivitis or blepharitis, Asthma and hay fever, Food allergies, Mental health conditions. […] Atopic dermatitis often appears between 2 months and 5 years of age. It is most common for children to develop a red rash on the face, scalp and areas of skin around joints. During childhood, the red thickened rash develops on the elbows, knees, neck and ankles and may ooze or bleed when scratched. […] Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease which can last for a long time. The disease normally goes away by the teenage years but for some people, it lasts for life. It is impossible to determine if dermatitis will become a lifelong condition, but you can prevent the symptoms from getting worse.

• #20 Contact Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6173-contact-dermatitis

  Contact dermatitis is a rash on your skin that develops when you come into contact with something you’re allergic to or something that irritated your skin. The rash can swell and be itchy and uncomfortable. Avoiding what caused your rash helps prevent it from returning. […] Contact dermatitis causes a rash to form on your skin. This rash can form anywhere on your body and is usually a patch of skin covered in bumps that are red, itchy and sometimes painful. The rash can last for a few days to a couple of weeks. It generally goes away quickly if you identify what caused your reaction and stay away if you can avoid that irritant or allergen. […] Symptoms of contact dermatitis include a rash on your skin that’s: Red to purple or darker than your natural skin tone. Swollen, hive-like or elevated from the skin surrounding it. Bumpy with a small cluster of pimples or blisters. Oozing fluid or pus. Painful with a burning or stinging sensation. Flaky or scaling. Itchy.

• #21 Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459230/

  Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory eczematous skin disease. It is caused by chemicals or metal ions that exert toxic effects without inducing a T-cell response (contact irritants) or by small reactive chemicals that modify proteins and induce innate and adaptive immune responses (contact allergens). Contact dermatitis is divided into irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis is a nonspecific response of the skin to direct chemical damage that releases mediators of inflammation predominantly from epidermal cells while allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed (type 4) hypersensitivity reaction to exogenous contact antigens. […] Symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis may include burning, itching, stinging, soreness, and pain, particularly at the beginning of the clinical course, while pruritus is more common in allergic contact dermatitis.

• #22 Contact dermatitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/contact-dermatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352742

  Contact dermatitis can appear as an itchy rash. […] The rash often shows up within days of exposure. […] Contact dermatitis shows up on skin that has been directly exposed to the substance causing the reaction. For example, the rash may show up along a leg that brushed against poison ivy. The rash can develop within minutes to hours of exposure, and it can last 2 to 4 weeks. […] Signs and symptoms of contact dermatitis vary widely and may include: An itchy rash, Leathery patches that are darker than usual (hyperpigmented), typically on brown or Black skin, Dry, cracked, scaly skin, typically on white skin, Bumps and blisters, sometimes with oozing and crusting, Swelling, burning or tenderness.

• #23 Contact Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459230/

  The acute irritant reaction usually reaches its peak quickly, within minutes to few hours after exposure, and then starts to heal, while in allergic contact dermatitis, the elicitation time depends on the characteristics of the sensitizer, the intensity of exposure, and degree of sensitivity. Lesions usually appear 24 to 72 hours after the exposure to the causative agent and reach their peak at approximately 72 to 96 hours. Allergic contact dermatitis improves more slowly than irritant contact dermatitis and then recurs faster (in a few days) when exposure is re-established. […] The prognosis of patients with contact dermatitis depends on the cause and lifestyle. Isolated cases usually resolve if the offending agent exposure is discontinued. Those who do not remain compliant and continue to wear jewelry with metal or are exposed to plants because of lifestyle generally tend to have a chronic course. Relapses are very common.

• #24 Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/contact-dermatitis

  Contact dermatitis symptoms may depend on the cause and how sensitive you are to the substance. […] Common symptoms associated with contact dermatitis may include: dry, scaly, flaky skin, a bumpy, itchy rash, oozing blisters, hives, skin that burns or stings, skin that feels stiff or tight, sun sensitivity, swelling, tenderness, or hot skin. […] Symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis typically take 1 to 3 days to appear. However, you need exposure to a certain allergen at least once before developing allergic contact dermatitis, which is when you become sensitized to it. […] Irritant contact dermatitis usually causes symptoms within minutes and doesn’t require prior exposure to manifest. […] It can take as long as 2 to 4 weeks for allergic contact dermatitis to go away. Irritant contact dermatitis usually improves more quickly.

• #25 Dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatitis

  Dermatitis herpetiformis symptoms include itching, stinging and a burning sensation. Papules and vesicles are commonly present. […] The symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis, on the other hand, tend to appear gradually, from dry or greasy scaling of the scalp (dandruff) to scaling of facial areas, sometimes with itching, but without hair loss. In newborns, the condition causes a thick and yellowish scalp rash, often accompanied by a diaper rash. In severe cases, symptoms may appear along the hairline, behind the ears, on the eyebrows, on the bridge of the nose, around the nose, on the chest, and on the upper back. […] Most cases are well managed with topical treatments and ultraviolet light. About 2% of cases are not. In more than 60% of young children, the condition subsides by adolescence.

• #26 Atopic Dermatitis Flare Up Triggers

  https://www.health.com/condition/eczema/atopic-dermatitis-triggers

  Hot water, certain skincare products, fragrances, and more may cause atopic dermatitis symptoms to flare up. […] If you have atopic dermatitis the most common type of eczema you can have inflamed patches of skin that are so super itchy, they keep you up at night or cause you to scratch in your sleep. […] Even though there are treatments, this type of eczema can subside and flare up over and over again and certain things can act as triggers and cause flare ups. […] As people with atopic dermatitis can attest, managing the symptoms can be a daily struggle. […] There’s no denying it: Atopic dermatitis is extremely itchy. […] When you have it, it’s hard not to scratch your nagging itch. […] Sometimes you scratch until you bleed, which can lead to infection and aggravate skin symptoms.

• #27 Atopic Dermatitis Flare Up Triggers

  https://www.health.com/condition/eczema/atopic-dermatitis-triggers

  Dealing with this skin condition can be emotionally stressful. […] The stress of dealing with uncontrolled symptoms can induce itching, too, as evidence from an observational study suggests. […] If you have atopic dermatitis, your skin is already dry. […] Cold weather and low-humidity climates envelop your body in additional dryness, and that can make your skin itchier. […] Sometimes the change of seasons can also bring on symptoms. […] Scientists are trying to get a better handle on the role that stress plays in inflammatory skin diseases. […] While emotional stress doesn’t cause atopic dermatitis, it can exacerbate symptoms. […] Sweating is the body’s natural way of cooling off. […] But when the sweat evaporates, it can dry out the skin and leave behind a salty residue that can aggravate eczema.

• #28 Atopic Dermatitis Flare Up Triggers

  https://www.health.com/condition/eczema/atopic-dermatitis-triggers

  Bacterial and viral infections can worsen atopic dermatitis. […] It’s one reason scratching is discouraged, although people with atopic dermatitis can have more skin-surface bacteria due to their abnormal skin function. […] People in childbearing years who have eczema may find their symptoms worsen during pregnancy or when they’re having their period. […] About half of female patients with atopic dermatitis see their symptoms worsen before their period starts. […] Additionally, 52% of female patients with atopic dermatitis in one group and 61% in another group also noticed symptoms worsening during pregnancy. […] There are certain irritants that can exacerbate symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• #29 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-dermatitis

  Complications of atopic dermatitis can happen. They include bacterial skin infections that can worsen from scratching, viral skin infections like warts or cold sores, sleep loss that can lead to behavior issues in children, hand eczema (hand dermatitis), and eye problems such as conjunctivitis (pink eye) and blepharitis.

• #30 Patient education: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis-beyond-the-basics/print

  In children and adults, eczema commonly affects the back of the neck, the elbow creases, and the backs of the knees. Other affected areas may include the face, trunk, wrists, and forearms. The skin may become thickened and darkened, or even scarred, from repeated scratching. […] Scratching can also lead to infection of the skin. Signs of infection include painful red bumps that sometimes contain pus; if you think you might have an infection, consult your doctor or nurse, as you may need treatment. […] Other findings in people with eczema can include dry, scaly skin, plugged hair follicles causing small bumps, increased skin creasing on the palms and/or an extra fold of skin under the eye, and darkening of the skin around the eyes. […] Eczema is a chronic condition; it typically improves and then flares (gets worse) periodically. Some people have no symptoms for several years. Eczema is not curable, although it is possible to control your symptoms with a variety of self-care measures and medications.

• #31 Eczema types: Atopic dermatitis symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/types/atopic-dermatitis/symptoms

  Over time, atopic dermatitis can cause the skin to become: Thickened, scaly, and leathery […] Cracked. […] Thickened skin tends to itch most of the time. Treating atopic dermatitis before the skin thickens can help prevent thickened, itchy skin. […] Skin that is constantly rubbed or scratched can thicken. This helps protect the skin. Thickened skin is often excessively dry and itches most of the time. […] If you’ve had atopic dermatitis for years, patches of your skin may have permanently thickened and developed a leathery texture. This is caused by years of scratching. The affected skin also tends to look darker (or lighter) than the surrounding skin. The thickened skin can itch all the time, even when you don’t have a flare-up. […] Discolored, extremely dry, and itchy skin: Adults may develop discolored skin that’s extremely dry and easily irritated. This often develops on the hands or feet, but it can occur anywhere. Some adults have nipple eczema, which can be itchy and painful.

• #32 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/eczema-atopic-dermatitis.html

  Eczema is a condition where the skin gets irritated, red, dry, bumpy, and itchy. There are several types of eczema, but the most common is atopic dermatitis. To many people, „eczema” and „atopic dermatitis” mean the same thing. […] The signs of eczema (EG-zeh-muh): are mainly dry, itchy skin. Because it is so itchy, it is often called „the itch that rashes.” […] Symptoms can vary: In infants younger than 1 year old, eczema usually is on their cheeks, forehead, or scalp. It may spread to the knees, elbows, and trunk (but not usually the diaper area). […] Older kids and teens usually get the rash in the bends of the elbows, behind the knees, on the neck, or on the inner wrists and ankles. Their skin is often scalier and drier than when the eczema first began. It also can be thicker, darker, or scarred from all the scratching (called lichenification). […] For many kids, eczema begins to improve by the age of 5 or 6. Sometimes it goes away. In other kids, it may start again as they enter puberty. Some people still have eczema as adults, with areas of itching that look dry and scaly.

• #33 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/eczema

  What are the symptoms of eczema? dry, scaly skin, small bumps, redness and swelling of the skin, a thickening and hardening of the skin, raw and sensitive skin. […] Severe atopic dermatitis can make it very hard for your child to enjoy school and play. Too much scratching or itching can lead to a severe skin infection. […] Yes. If your child suffers from a chronic case of atopic dermatitis and itches excessively, this can lead to permanent scarring.

• #34 Dermatitis: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dermatitis

  Dermatitis refers to skin inflammation. Symptoms may include dry skin, itchiness, cracking, and more. […] With dermatitis, your skin will typically look dry, swollen, and discolored. […] The symptoms of dermatitis range from mild to severe. They can look different depending on what part of the body the condition affects. Symptoms will also vary depending on the type of dermatitis, though they can often be difficult to distinguish. In general, the symptoms of dermatitis may include: rashes, blisters, dry, cracked skin, itchy skin, painful skin, with stinging or burning, swelling. […] Dermatitis also causes skin discoloration. On darker skin, dermatitis rashes will typically appear gray, purple, or a shade darker than your usual skin tone. On lighter skin, dermatitis patches will typically appear pink or red. […] Symptoms of dermatitis can include dry and cracked skin, itchiness, cracked skin, and pain. The cause is often unclear, and triggers can vary depending on the type of dermatitis, but various treatments may help.

• #35 Dermatitis – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/skin-hair-and-nails/dermatitis

  Complications of untreated or poorly controlled dermatitis are rarely serious. You can help minimize your risk of serious complications by following the treatment plan you and your health care professional design specifically for you. Complications of dermatitis include bacterial infections that can develop on irritated skin, requiring treatment with antibiotics. Also, in very rare cases, contact dermatitis may be a sign of a severe allergic reaction, leading to possible anaphylactic shock, which can be life threatening.

• #36 Atopic Eczema (Dermatitis): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.allergyfree.co.in/en-gb/know-your-allergy/skin-allergies/atopic-eczema-dermatitis

  Atopic Eczema can be relentless. Some people have to try various Atopic Dermatitis treatments over months or years to find something that works for them. Even if Atopic Dermatitis treatment works, it can flare-up in the future again. Most treatments are a mix of medications and therapies. […] The main triggers of Atopic Eczema are irritants, allergies, dry skin, stress, infection and sweating. These are the triggers of Atopic Eczema and don’t necessarily cause it. […] There’s no sure-shot cure for Atopic Eczema. Several children find their symptoms gradually better and vanish as they grow older. Atopic Eczema treatment includes medications and therapies. […] Complications of Atopic Dermatitis include hay fever and asthma. More than 50 percent of children with Atopic Dermatitis develop hay fever and asthma by age 13.

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