Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-are-pediatric-cataracts

  At any age, cataracts are a clouding of the eye’s lens. […] Children’s eyes and brains are still developing until they’re 8 or 10 years old. That’s why untreated cataracts can have serious, permanent effects on their vision. […] This is why finding and treating cataracts early is so important. It can prevent permanent vision loss in children. […] Treatment depends on the type, whether in one or both eyes, and severity of the cataracts. But most children need surgery to remove them. […] When performed by an experienced surgeon, cataract removal is generally safe. […] For most children, surgery is just the first step to fix the eyes. Ongoing treatment must help repair eye-brain connections. This involves having the proper refractive correction to focus clear images on the retina. […] After surgery, children often need some combination of contact lenses, IOLs, and glasses. […] Children who receive timely treatment and follow-up have a good prognosis. Your child may need years of vision rehabilitation to have a successful outcome.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/childhood-cataracts/treatment/

  Whether or not your child needs cataract surgery will largely depend on whether their vision is affected. […] If your child’s vision is affected by cataracts, they’ll usually need to have surgery to remove the cloudy lens (or lenses) followed by the long-term use of glasses or contact lenses. […] Cataract surgery for babies and children will take place in hospital under general anaesthetic, which means your child will be unconscious during the operation. […] Most children will need to wear glasses or contact lenses after having cataract surgery. […] Replacing the focusing power of the cataract lens is as important as the surgery to remove it. […] For almost all cases of unilateral cataract (where 1 eye is affected) and if a child with bilateral cataracts has weaker vision in 1 eye, the optometrist may recommend they wear a temporary patch over their stronger eye. This is known as occlusion therapy.

• #1 Protect Your Child’s Eyes With Early Treatment For Pediatric Cataracts

  https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2024/01/13/safeguarding-the-senses-the-importance-of-early-treatment-for-pediatric-cataracts/

  Modern surgical techniques, such as micro-incision cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, have shown effectiveness in clinical trials for children between two months to 16 years old. […] There is limited non-surgical treatment available for pediatric cataracts. However, some treatments provide hope for improving visual outcomes in children. It is possible to manage some pediatric cataracts without surgical intervention. Small, partial, or paracentral cataracts can be monitored through observation. Pharmacologic pupillary dilation can also help improve pupil size and enable children to see better. […] Nevertheless, ongoing research and clinical trials offer hope for better managing and treating pediatric cataracts.

• #1 Cataracts in Children, Congenital and Acquired – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Cataracts_in_Children,_Congenital_and_Acquired

  A cataract is any light scattering opacity of the lens. […] Regardless of the etiology, prompt treatment of visually significant cataracts is necessary to allow proper development of vision. […] Non-surgical management options include: Observation with careful regular monitoring to look for any change or progression in cataract and/or development of amblyopia. If either occurs, treatment is recommended. […] Any cataract that is visually significant: 3mm central opacity, centrally obscuring posterior pole, with strabismus or nystagmus. […] Unilateral cataracts should be operated on as early as possible between 4-6 weeks of age. […] Bilateral cataracts should be operated by 6-8 weeks of age- each eye one week apart. […] Decision about surgery depends upon age of patient at presentation, extent of opacity and associated conditions.

• #1 Treatment of congenital cataract

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1772241/

  The visual prognosis for children with congenital cataracts has improved dramatically since it was first recognised that cataract surgery during infancy is critical for a good visual outcome; however, the optimal time to perform cataract surgery in a child with a congenital cataract is still in question. […] Paediatric ophthalmologists are now trying to determine the optimal time to perform cataract surgery to reduce the high incidence of complications that have been reported following cataract surgery during infancy. […] One of the most serious complications that occurs following paediatric cataract surgery is glaucoma. […] For this reason, Vishwanath and coworkers have proposed that cataract surgery should be deferred until after the first 4 weeks of life. […] It would appear that the optimal time to remove a dense congenital cataract in an infant and to initiate optical treatment is when the child is 46 weeks of age. […] To remove the cataract before 4 weeks of age appears to increase the risk of the eye developing aphakic glaucoma, whereas waiting beyond 6 weeks of age compromises the visual outcome.

• #1

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/cataracts,childhood/

  But many children born with childhood cataracts do not grow up to have serious problems with their vision. […] Whether or not your child needs cataract surgery will largely depend on whether their vision is affected. […] If cataracts are not causing any problems, immediate treatment may not be necessary. […] Instead, your child may only need regular check-ups to monitor their vision. […] If your child’s vision is affected by cataracts, they’ll usually need to have surgery to remove the cloudy lens (or lenses) followed by the long-term use of glasses or contact lenses. […] Cataract surgery for babies and children will take place in hospital under general anaesthetic, which means your child will be unconscious during the operation. […] The operation, which usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, will be carried out by an ophthalmologist, a doctor specialising in the treatment of eye conditions.

• #1 Congenital Cataract Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210837-treatment

  Medical therapy is directed at the prevention and treatment of amblyopia. […] For visually significant cataracts, surgical intervention is necessary to remove the source of visual deprivation. For patients who are left without an intraocular lens (aphakic), appropriate correction of the refractive error either with contact lenses or aphakic glasses is necessary. Finally, in the case of unilateral cataracts, patching of the better seeing eye is needed to manage the resulting amblyopia. […] Cataract surgery is the treatment of choice for visually significant congenital cataracts. To limit the severity of deprivation amblyopia, it is recommended that unilateral congenital cataracts be removed by 6 weeks of age and bilateral congenital cataracts be removed by 10 weeks of age. […] The procedure of choice is extracapsular cataract extraction with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy.

• #1 Cataracts in Children, Congenital and Acquired – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Cataracts_in_Children,_Congenital_and_Acquired

  If child is 1 year of age, the surgical approach is typically lensectomy (pars plana or limbal) with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy, leaving anterior and posterior capsular rim (for a secondary IOL at a later point), optic rehabilitation using aphakic glasses or contact lenses and amblyopia and strabismus management. […] In older children, a lensectomy (with or without primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy) and potentially a lens implant can be considered. […] The most serious complication of congenital cataracts is permanent visual impairment. […] Proper optical correction in the form of aphakic glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lens implants and treatment for amblyopia is essential for good visual development. […] Lifelong careful follow-up is essential for all pediatric cataract cases.

• #1 Cataract | Xpress-CataractNews | Cataract Surgery for Children – The Role of Femtosecond Laser

  http://cataractpatients.com/cataract-surgery-for-children–the-role-of-femtosecond-laser-

  Therefore, removable contact lenses or specially designed eyeglasses are the better option with better long-term results. […] In the event of bilateral cataracts (cataracts in both eyes), the surgeon will work separately on each eye to minimize the risk of complications. […] A childs vision will develop as they grow, and the strength of the glasses or contact lenses will be adjusted accordingly. […] The femtosecond laser can play a crucial role in achieving this goal. […] There will be soft eye tissues with a low scleral rigidity, and the operation and often the pre- and postoperative examinations will have to be performed under general anesthesia. […] A general recommendation might be with necessary caution that unilateral congenital cataract should be operated upon 4 to 6 weeks after birth and bilateral cataract done at 6 to 10 weeks after birth.

• #1 Congenital Cataract Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210837-treatment

  With cataract extraction, the decision must be made whether to place an intraocular lens implant during the initial surgery. Age of surgery is an important factor in this decision. Intraocular lens implants are highly considered for patients ages 1 year and older. […] If a child is left without an intraocular lens (aphakic), refractive correction with a contact lens or aphakic glasses will be required after surgery. […] A known complication of this surgery is aphakic glaucoma. While earlier intervention is important from the standpoint of amblyopia prevention and management, younger age at the time of cataract removal is associated with a higher risk of developing aphakic glaucoma. […] After surgical management of visually significant cataracts, patients require lifelong follow up. Throughout childhood, frequent monitoring and management of refractive error, amblyopia, and possible glaucoma is necessary. […] Patients with congenital cataracts that are not visually significant also should be monitored to ensure that the cataracts do not progress to become visually significant.

• #1 Childhood cataract | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/childhood-cataract/

  If your child has cataracts in both eyes we usually operate on one eye at a time to reduce the very small risk of infection. Sometimes we will operate on both eyes under the same general anaesthetic if there are health concerns which might reduce your childs tolerance to a general anaesthetic. Your child will be admitted to the childrens ward for their surgery as a day case procedure. […] The operation usually takes one-and-a-half hours. During the operation the surgeon will remove the cataract. If your baby is over seven months of age an acrylic intra-ocular lens (a lens that is implanted within the eye) may be implanted at the time the cataract is removed. If your child is under seven months or has a small eye, the intra-ocular lens is implanted as a second step, once the child is over seven months and the eye is a suitable size.

• #1 Childhood Cataract Surgery – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/childhood-cataract-surgery/

  ii) Children between 2 years and 5 years of age: Along with the lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy, an artificial lens (called an intra-ocular lens or IOL) is usually placed in the eye at the time of surgery. […] iii) Children with an age under 5 years: After the lensectomy, the IOL lens is placed in the eye. An anterior vitrectomy is usually NOT performed. […] Your doctor will discuss with you the different steps of the surgery, and the surgery will be tailored towards your child’s requirements. If your child has cataracts in both eyes, then usually both eyes have their surgery on separate days. […] The aim of the surgery is to remove the cataract from the eye. In young children, this is to allow the vision in the eye to develop as best as it can. In older children this is to help improve the vision in the eye so that the eyesight is clearer. However, sometimes, the risk of surgery outweighs the benefits of trying to improve vision. Your doctor will go through this with you in clinic.

• #1 Cataracts in Children: Causes & Treatment in Abu Dhabi, UAE

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/cataracts-in-children

  Cataracts that obscure vision should be removed as early as possible, even in the first weeks of life, to allow a clear retinal image. Surgical removal of a cataract in an infant or child is done under general anesthesia using an operating microscope. The lens is broken into small pieces with a microsurgical instrument and removed through a small incision. Once the cataract has been removed, focusing power may be restored in one of the following ways: […] Contact lenses – used after surgery for bilateral or unilateral cataracts in children under two years of age. Contact lenses are recommended for this age group because the eye and focusing power change rapidly during early infancy. Contact lenses can also be used in older children. […] Intraocular lenses – artificial lenses may also be implanted to replace natural lenses in children. This method is still under study for infants, but early results have been excellent.

• #1 Cataracts in Children: Causes & Treatment in Abu Dhabi, UAE

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/cataracts-in-children

  Glasses – used in selected cases when the cataract surgery involves both eyes and contact lenses have failed, or if intraocular lenses are not appropriate. Most children will also wear regular glasses even if they have a contact or an intraocular lens, as the focus needs to be managed very carefully. […] The final step in the treatment process is to treat amblyopia that develops if one eye is stronger than the other, as in the case of a unilateral cataract. In patients with unilateral or asymmetric cataracts (one cataract is more severe than the other), it is necessary to patch the good eye to stimulate vision in the eye that had the cataract surgery. All patients who undergo cataract surgery also require bifocal glasses to correct the residual error of refraction and to allow focusing at distance and near.

• #1 Current management of infantile cataracts

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10199332/

  The presence of a preexisting posterior capsular defect in the context of posterior capsular plaque necessitates extra care. […] Children operated for infantile cataract require optical rehabilitation after surgery. […] Achieving an optimal visual outcome for the aphakic or pseudophakic child can depend as much on appropriate refractive correction as on the surgery itself. […] Surgery for infantile cataract is most effective when combined with consistent optical correction and diligent amblyopia therapy.

• #1 Childhood cataract | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/childhood-cataract/

  If the cataract is severe and surgery is delayed, irreversible and permanent reduction of vision can occur. Cataract surgery improves the light getting through to the back of the eye but good vision will only occur if the brain is able to recognize and use the visual information from that eye. If your child has had the cataract since they were an infant, this ability may have been affected and their vision even after surgery may be limited. However, in most cases the vision does gradually improve once the cataract is removed. […] If left untreated your child will be visually impaired. […] If the cataract affects only one eye and the other eye has good vision, the brain will continue to prefer to use the vision in the normal eye to the one that has had cataract surgery. The eye will be lazy (amblyopic). In order to improve the vision in the lazy eye, your child may need to have the normal eye patched for the majority of the time he/she is awake and patching will need to continue until the child is eight years old. […] Infants and young children develop much more scar tissue in their eyes after surgery than adults. It is common for developing scar tissue to form on the lens implant and this may reduce the vision. In children over three years, this scar tissue can usually be removed using a laser in clinic.

• #1 Childhood Cataract Surgery – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/childhood-cataract-surgery/

  After surgery, a patch and a plastic shield is placed over the eye to protect it. Next day, in clinic, the patch is removed. The plastic shield should ideally be used day and night for the first week, and then at night only for the following week. […] Your child will be prescribed the following treatment after surgery: […] Steroid eye drops – to reduce inflammation in the eye; usually to be given every hour initially […] Antibiotic eye drops – to prevent infection in the eye […] Dilating eye drops – to reduce pain, and prevent iris sticking down […] Solution/tablets to reduce eye pressure […] It is important that the medication is taken as prescribed. It is also important to keep the area around the eyes clean by avoiding your child touching their eye. You can clean around the eye with cooled boiled water. […] All children are reviewed 1 day after surgery, 3-4 days after surgery and then 1 week after surgery. Further appointments will be made depending on how the eye is settling from surgery.

• #1 Long-term visual outcome after extraction of unilateral congenital cataracts | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2009295

  Congenital cataract significantly impairs visual development. Although treatable, a good visual outcome is difficult to achieve, requiring prompt lensectomy and prolonged visual rehabilitation. […] Although treatable with prompt surgical removal of the lens and prolonged visual rehabilitation, a good visual outcome is still difficult to achieve. […] Once the refractive error has been corrected, occlusion therapy must be initiated to stimulate visual development in the aphakic eye. Occlusion therapy may need to be continued for at least 6 years, which can be difficult for the whole family. […] The findings of previous studies give conflicting evidence for final VA prognosis for any patient with a unilateral cataract. […] This study aims to improve the quality of information available to clinicians and to patients and their families.

• #1 Children with cataracts | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/children-cataracts/

  In order to replace the focus of the natural lens after cataract removal, an artificial means of focusing is needed. This is provided with glasses, contact lenses or intraocular lenses. […] Patching is where the stronger eye is covered to make the weaker eye work on its own in order to try to make it stronger. If a cataract has been removed from one eye only (unilateral cataract) and the other eye is normal, you will need to cover the normal eye with a patch to try to encourage the vision in the poorer eye to improve. […] The length of time that you need to patch varies between individuals, so you will be advised how much patching to do when you attend the clinic. […] If cataracts have been removed from both eyes but the vision is not equal, some patching of the stronger eye may be necessary.

• #1 Childhood Cataracts: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/childhood-cataracts

  Without surgery, severe cataracts may cause long-term vision problems, including permanent lazy eye or blindness. […] Potential complications of cataract surgery include: glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or a clouding of the new artificial lens, pupil abnormalities, eyes looking in different directions, retinal detachment, fluid building up between layers of the retina, infection. […] Additional surgeries or medications may be necessary to correct these complications.

• #1 Congenital Cataracts – Birth Defect Fact Sheet

  https://birthdefects.org/congenital-cataracts/

  Because most of the lens of the childs eye is removed during surgery, visual correction will be needed. Correction options include eyeglasses, contact lenses, or artificial lens implants called intraocular lenses (IOLs). The ophthalmologist can determine the best option based on your childs circumstances. Lens implants are usually performed during the surgery to remove the cataract. […] Cataract surgery is very safe and effective for most children. Visual clarity will depend on the severity of the cataract (location, shape, and structure) and the age of the child when surgery is performed. Glaucoma develops in 20% of the children who have had cataract surgery. Also, retinal detachment can develop years after surgery so continued ophthalmologist follow-up is necessary.

• #1 Cataracts and their treatment – CATARACT KIDS AUSTRALIA

  https://www.cataractkids.org.au/cataracts-and-their-treatment.html

  After the operation to remove the cataract/s, your child will need some type of refractive correction in place of the lens that was removed. Because the child’s refraction will change a lot as they grow and develop, in Australia contact lenses are the most common choice for this refractive correction. […] After lensectomy, babies and children are at a lifelong higher risk of developing glaucoma. Their healthcare professional will regularly check their intraocular pressure (IOP) for this reason. […] Your baby or child may need to have patching (occlusion) to help with visual development; this is more likely if they only had cataract in one eye. […] A child who initially uses glasses or contact lenses may later have an intra-ocular lens (IOL) placed. […] Inserting an IOL after the age of 1-2 years does not usually mean a higher risk of glaucoma compared to contact lenses.

• #1 Advances in the management of congenital and infantile cataract | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6702845

  Infantile IOL implantation is becoming increasingly accepted. A satisfactory long-term refractive result requires that allowance be made for childhood axial growth and myopic shift. […] Glaucoma or ocular hypertension is a common complication following paediatric cataract surgery. […] Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is common in infants undergoing primary lens implantation. Primary capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy reduce the risk of PCO. […] The treatment of glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery is generally medical but surgical management is frequently required. Outcomes of surgery have tended to be poor. […] The long-term visual outcome of children with aphakic glaucoma was reported recently in a group of 36 patients with a mean follow-up of 18.7 years. […] Management of the posterior capsule has been a topic of considerable debate. Development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or recurrence of opacity within the visual axis is amblyogenic and a barrier to visual rehabilitation. […] Future improvements in the management of children and infants with cataract are likely to continue to be driven by clinical research.

• #1 Congenital cataract: for patients – Gene Vision

  https://gene.vision/knowledge-base/congenital-cataract-for-patients/

  Once the natural lens (which is affected by cataract) has been removed, the eye loses its focussing power. To address this, two options are available: […] Implanting an IOL during surgery […] Leaving the eye without a lens (aphakia) and using contact lenses or glasses to help with focussing. […] Cataract surgery itself does not guarantee visual improvement. Multiple steps are taken to maximise visual pathway development in the operated eye in order to achieve the best possible long-term outcome. These usually include: […] Regular monitoring of visual function and other associated eye conditions such as glaucoma which will require treatment […] Updating the contact lens/glasses prescription as required […] Occlusion therapy. […] The level of visual improvement varies among patients and depends on multiple factors, which include: […] Timing of the cataract being detected (i.e. earlier detection results in earlier treatment) […] If there are other concurrent eye and/or medical conditions […] Any complications during or after surgery […] Compliance to occlusion therapy.

• #1 Congenital cataract: for patients – Gene Vision

  https://gene.vision/knowledge-base/congenital-cataract-for-patients/

  Children with bilateral cataracts that are operated tend to have better vision compared to those affected by unilateral cataracts. However, vision in the operated eye(s) is still usually reduced despite rehabilitation measures with only a quarter or less achieving the minimum driving standards in the UK. […] Children affected by syndromic cataracts tend to be complex and hence a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists are recommended. […] Timely referral to practitioners familiar with developmental surveillance and intervention for children with visual impairment (VI), such as developmental paediatricians as well as a Qualified Teacher of children and young people with Visual Impairment (QTVI) is crucial to optimise their developmental potential. […] Visual impairment at a young age can also have a negative impact on a child’s early general development.

• #1 Current management of infantile cataracts

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10199332/

  Infantile cataracts remain one of the most treatable causes of lifelong visual impairment. […] Timely surgical intervention and appropriate follow up for optical rehabilitation and amblyopia therapy can mitigate vision loss from infantile cataract. […] For visually significant infantile cataracts requiring surgery to clear the visual axis, surgical techniques continue to evolve based on the experiences and research efforts of skilled teams worldwide. […] Better visual outcomes in operated eyes, however, are achieved in the setting of early presentation, bilateral infantile cataracts, absence of nystagmus or strabismus, and consistent amblyopia therapy. […] While intraocular lenses for infants less than 6 months can result in good visual outcomes, contact lenses may be preferred in situations in which they are available and practical.

• #1 Cataract surgery for infants and children – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/pediatrics/news/cataract-surgery-for-infants-and-children/mac-20442671

  Cataracts should be evaluated and treated promptly. […] The ideal time frame for removing cataracts in a newborn is often urgent, whereas in a 1-year-old it is more routine, and very elective in a school-age kid. […] Our comprehensive team approach is critical in delivering the best outcomes for children with pediatric cataracts. […] My experience with performing complex cataract procedures allows us to care for children with unique structural challenges. […] Rehabilitating the eye and the brain after cataract surgery may be considered a marathon that extends over years. […] Bilateral cataract conditions caught at a reasonable age tend to have excellent outcomes. […] For unilateral cataracts, the outcomes can also be good. […] I was a surgeon and investigator in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, which compared treatment of aphakia with a primary intraocular lens or contact lens in infants with a unilateral congenital cataract. […] At Mayo Clinic Children’s Center, we are collaborating with various institutions to evaluate the use of intraocular lenses in children ages 7 months to 2 years.

• #1 Congenital cataracts | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/congenital-cataracts

  After cataract surgery, your baby needs a new type of lens to help him see. This may include: […] Your baby may need patch therapy if her eyesight is better in one eye than in the other. In patch therapy, you place an eye patch over your baby’s healthier eye to strengthen the weaker eye. […] Babies with cataracts who have vision problems may need special services to help them learn and develop. Getting early intervention services as soon as possible can help improve your baby’s development as he grows.

• #1 Pediatric Cataracts: Management Challenges and Treatment Approaches – Advances for Medical Professionals | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/publications/professional-advances/ophthalmology/pediatric-cataracts-management-challenges-and

  According to Dr. Oltra, other advancements in microsurgical technology and techniques over the last decade have helped to refine pediatric cataract surgery. […] Control of inflammation after surgery in children is extremely important. […] Since uncorrected refractive error in early childhood can lead to amblyopia, attention to appropriate refractive correction after cataract surgery is critical in obtaining good final visual acuity. […] Visual rehabilitation for amblyopia includes patching. You have to patch the better eye to treat and prevent amblyopia, says Dr. Oltra. […] Dr. Oltra considers parents key partners in achieving a good visual outcome.

• #1 Cataracts in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/cataracts-children

  The goal of cataract treatment in children is to: […] Treatment for cataracts depends on the size, severity and location of the lens clouding caused by the cataract. […] Larger cataracts that are impacting image quality and degrading your child’s vision need to be removed surgically. […] After cataract surgery, short-term treatment with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops is required. […] Long-term follow-up is important after cataract surgery in children. […] After cataract surgery, most children require contact lenses or glasses to allow for a clear and focused image and to maximize their visual development. […] Treatment is often highly successful as long as children and families stick to the treatment plan. […] At Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), your child will be cared for by leaders in the field of pediatric ophthalmology clinical care, surgery and research.

• #1 Childhood Cataract Surgery – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/childhood-cataract-surgery/

  The treatment of cataracts is complex and varied. Modern surgical techniques and lens implants have greatly improved the visual outcomes in childhood cataract surgery. With regular long-term follow up, the use of glasses or contact lenses, and the use of occlusion therapy, most children tend to have good vision. Some children may have poor vision, though it is rare for a child to have no vision. The majority of children attend mainstream school, with some requiring educational support, and are able to lead an independent life. […] Your child will always need for their eyes to be checked regularly once everything is stable. Initially this will be in the eye clinic here at Alder Hey. Once stable, your child may be followed up in your local eye department or with the community optometrist. Where required, your child may be transferred to an eye department that sees adults (transition of care).

• #2

  https://www.sightsaversusa.org/eye-conditions/cataracts/childhood-cataracts/

  Cataracts are one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in children. […] It is vital that children with both types are assessed and treated quickly to prevent permanent vision loss. […] If treatment is needed, they will usually perform a cataract operation as soon as possible. […] An operation to treat cataracts can take as little as 20 minutes, and a persons vision can start to return a few hours after surgery. […] Removing the clouded lens is the only way to restore a childs eyesight and prevent permanent vision loss. […] During the procedure, the cataract is removed and replaced with an artificial lens. […] A childs vision usually starts to return a couple of hours after surgery. […] Cataracts are entirely treatable, but many children and families in low and middle income countries dont have access to the medical care they need to help them see again.

• #2 Cataracts in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/cataracts-children

  The goal of cataract treatment in children is to: […] Treatment for cataracts depends on the size, severity and location of the lens clouding caused by the cataract. […] Larger cataracts that are impacting image quality and degrading your child’s vision need to be removed surgically. […] After cataract surgery, short-term treatment with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops is required. […] Long-term follow-up is important after cataract surgery in children. […] After cataract surgery, most children require contact lenses or glasses to allow for a clear and focused image and to maximize their visual development. […] Treatment is often highly successful as long as children and families stick to the treatment plan. […] At Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), your child will be cared for by leaders in the field of pediatric ophthalmology clinical care, surgery and research.

• #2 Cataracts in Children, Congenital and Acquired – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Cataracts_in_Children,_Congenital_and_Acquired

  A cataract is any light scattering opacity of the lens. […] Regardless of the etiology, prompt treatment of visually significant cataracts is necessary to allow proper development of vision. […] Non-surgical management options include: Observation with careful regular monitoring to look for any change or progression in cataract and/or development of amblyopia. If either occurs, treatment is recommended. […] Any cataract that is visually significant: 3mm central opacity, centrally obscuring posterior pole, with strabismus or nystagmus. […] Unilateral cataracts should be operated on as early as possible between 4-6 weeks of age. […] Bilateral cataracts should be operated by 6-8 weeks of age- each eye one week apart. […] Decision about surgery depends upon age of patient at presentation, extent of opacity and associated conditions.

• #2 Congenital cataracts – resources and information | RNIB | RNIB

  https://www.rnib.org.uk/your-eyes/eye-conditions-az/congenital-cataracts/

  If surgery is required in both eyes, then it may be done on the same day or scheduled very soon after the first one. […] If your child has unilateral cataract, or bilateral cataracts with a cloudier lens on one side, your child’s ophthalmologist will also consider patching your child’s stronger eye to help their brain switch onto the weaker eye. This is just as important as the cataract surgery itself. […] After cataract surgery children usually need glasses or contact lenses. This is because the artificial lens implant or contact lens used to replace your child’s natural lens has a fixed focus. […] Glasses will help make sure your child can see as clearly as possible at all distances, and make sure that a clear image is being presented to their developing brain. […] If your child does not have an IOL implanted during cataract surgery, then they would also be prescribed glasses and/or contact lenses.

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/childhood-cataract

  In older children, a man-made lens implant may be inserted in the eye at time of surgery. […] After the surgery, the child will be watched closely for problems such as infection and increased eye pressure. […] Subsequently, long-term care includes monitoring the development of the child’s vision (Eg. with glasses, contact lenses, patching as required), other problems like increased eye pressure, posterior capsular opacification (cloudy film behind lens implant after surgery that can cause cloudy vision) and retinal detachment. […] This is called posterior capsule opacification (PCO), which may occur months or years after surgery. It can be cleared with a 5 minute, painless laser treatment (YAG Capsulotomy) that is done in the clinic.

• #2 Childhood Cataract Surgery – Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Trust

  https://www.alderhey.nhs.uk/conditions/patient-information-leaflets/childhood-cataract-surgery/

  The treatment of cataracts is complex and varied. Modern surgical techniques and lens implants have greatly improved the visual outcomes in childhood cataract surgery. With regular long-term follow up, the use of glasses or contact lenses, and the use of occlusion therapy, most children tend to have good vision. Some children may have poor vision, though it is rare for a child to have no vision. The majority of children attend mainstream school, with some requiring educational support, and are able to lead an independent life. […] Your child will always need for their eyes to be checked regularly once everything is stable. Initially this will be in the eye clinic here at Alder Hey. Once stable, your child may be followed up in your local eye department or with the community optometrist. Where required, your child may be transferred to an eye department that sees adults (transition of care).

• #2

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-are-pediatric-cataracts

  At any age, cataracts are a clouding of the eye’s lens. […] Children’s eyes and brains are still developing until they’re 8 or 10 years old. That’s why untreated cataracts can have serious, permanent effects on their vision. […] This is why finding and treating cataracts early is so important. It can prevent permanent vision loss in children. […] Treatment depends on the type, whether in one or both eyes, and severity of the cataracts. But most children need surgery to remove them. […] When performed by an experienced surgeon, cataract removal is generally safe. […] For most children, surgery is just the first step to fix the eyes. Ongoing treatment must help repair eye-brain connections. This involves having the proper refractive correction to focus clear images on the retina. […] After surgery, children often need some combination of contact lenses, IOLs, and glasses. […] Children who receive timely treatment and follow-up have a good prognosis. Your child may need years of vision rehabilitation to have a successful outcome.

• #3 Cataract | Xpress-CataractNews | Cataract Surgery for Children – The Role of Femtosecond Laser

  http://cataractpatients.com/cataract-surgery-for-children–the-role-of-femtosecond-laser-

  Therefore, removable contact lenses or specially designed eyeglasses are the better option with better long-term results. […] In the event of bilateral cataracts (cataracts in both eyes), the surgeon will work separately on each eye to minimize the risk of complications. […] A childs vision will develop as they grow, and the strength of the glasses or contact lenses will be adjusted accordingly. […] The femtosecond laser can play a crucial role in achieving this goal. […] There will be soft eye tissues with a low scleral rigidity, and the operation and often the pre- and postoperative examinations will have to be performed under general anesthesia. […] A general recommendation might be with necessary caution that unilateral congenital cataract should be operated upon 4 to 6 weeks after birth and bilateral cataract done at 6 to 10 weeks after birth.

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