Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anosmia (Loss of Smell): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21859-anosmia-loss-of-sense-of-smell

  Anosmia is when you cant detect odors. Its usually a temporary side effect from a cold or sinus infection that goes away when your cold or sinus infection clears. But sometimes anosmia may be symptom of other, more serious medical issues like diabetes or traumatic brain injury. […] Anosmia is when you cant detect an odor, whether it comes from pies fresh from the oven or smelly socks piled in a corner. Its usually a temporary side effect of a cold or sinus infection. Our sense of smell fades as we age, so people age 50 and older may have long-lasting anosmia. In some cases, anosmia may be a symptom of other, more serious medical issues like a traumatic brain injury (TBI). […] You can lose your sense of smell suddenly or over time. Early on, you may notice familiar scents are different, like a favorite cologne that seems to smell less potent than it did before.

• #1 Smell (Olfactory) Disorders—Anosmia, Phantosmia & Others | NIDCD

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders

  People who have a smell disorder either have a decrease in their ability to smell or changes in the way they perceive odors. […] Hyposmia [high-POSE-mee-ah] is a reduced ability to detect odors. […] Anosmia [ah-NOSE-mee-ah] is the complete inability to detect odors. […] Parosmia [pahr-OZE-mee-ah] is a change in the normal perception of odors, such as when the smell of something familiar is distorted, or when something that normally smells pleasant now smells foul. […] Phantosmia [fan-TOES-mee-ah] is the sensation of an odor that isnt there. […] Diagnosis by a doctor is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of a potential smell disorder. […] Some people recover their ability to smell when they recover from the illness causing their loss of smell. […] Some people recover their sense of smell spontaneously, for no obvious reason.

• #1 Anosmia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/anosmia-loss-of-smell

  Most of us take our sense of smell for granted. But have you ever thought about what it would be like to not be able to smell something? The complete loss of smell is called anosmia (an-OHZ-me-uh). […] For some people, including many elderly, the loss of a sense of smell may persist. In addition, anosmia can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. Any ongoing problems with smell should be checked out by a doctor. […] The obvious sign of anosmia is a loss of smell. Some people with anosmia notice a change in the way things smell. For example, familiar things begin to lack odor.

• #1 Loss of Smell – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/symptoms-of-nose-and-throat-disorders/loss-of-smell

  Anosmia is complete loss of smell. Hyposmia is partial loss of smell. Most people with anosmia can taste salty, sweet, sour, and bitter substances but cannot tell the difference between specific flavors. The ability to tell the difference between flavors actually depends on smell, not the taste receptors on the tongue. Therefore, people with anosmia often complain of losing their sense of taste and of not enjoying food. […] A loss of smell receptors due to aging causes a decreased ability to smell in older adults. People typically notice changes in smell by age 60. After age 70, changes are substantial. […] Anosmia or hyposmia may be an early symptom of COVID-19, an acute respiratory illness that can be severe. COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus called SARS-CoV2. […] Doctors treat the cause of the anosmia. For example, people with sinus infections and irritation may be treated with steam inhalation, nasal sprays, antibiotics, and sometimes surgery. However, the sense of smell does not always return even after successful treatment of sinusitis. […] There are no treatments for anosmia itself. People who retain some sense of smell may find that adding concentrated flavoring agents to food improves their enjoyment of eating.

• #1 Lost or changed sense of smell

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-smell/

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it’s not usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. […] These problems can cause: loss of smell (anosmia) […] reduced sense of smell (hyposmia) […] changes to how things smell (parosmia). […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell cannot be treated and may be permanent.

• #1 How we lose our sense of smell, and how it’s treated

  https://stanmed.stanford.edu/sense-smell-health/

  Among the human senses, smell — or more formally, olfaction — is often considered the most dispensable. But for people who’ve found themselves suddenly unable to smell — a more common predicament since the COVID-19 pandemic — the loss can be surprisingly, profoundly devastating. More than 1 in 5 Americans has experienced smell loss since the start of the pandemic. The surge has led to a closer look at the underdog sense and its intimate ties to brain health. Smell dysfunction is linked with depression and anxiety. A sudden loss of smell might be the earliest sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson’s, detectable long before any cognitive deficits appear. […] Nearly half of people with smell loss also experience phantosmia or parosmia. […] According to one study, 40% to 76% of patients with smell loss also have depression. The more significant the smell impairment, the more severe the depression. […] A sudden unexplained loss of smell could be a telltale sign of disease brewing in the brain. […] Numerous studies now suggest that olfactory impairment may be the earliest detectable marker of neurodegenerative diseases.

• #1 Lost or changed sense of smell | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-smell

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it isn’t usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. See your GP if your sense of smell doesn’t go back to normal in a few weeks. […] Changes in sense of smell are most often due to: a cold or flu, sinusitis (sinus infection), an allergy, like hay fever, growths in your nose (nasal polyps). […] These can cause: loss of smell (anosmia), smelling things that aren’t there (phantosmia), like smoke or burnt toast, reduced sense of smell (hyposmia), the smell of things to change (parosmia). […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell can’t be treated and may be permanent. […] If you’ve lost your sense of smell, you may not be able to smell things like gas leaks, fires and food that has gone off.

• #1 Smell – impaired – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/smell-impaired

  Impaired smell is the partial or total loss or abnormal perception of the sense of smell. […] The loss of smell can occur with conditions that prevent air from reaching smell receptors located high in the nose, or loss of or injury to the smell receptors. Loss of smell is not serious, but can sometimes be a sign of a nervous system condition. […] Temporary loss of the sense of smell is common with colds and nasal allergies, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis). It may occur after a viral illness. […] Some loss of smell occurs with aging. In most cases, there is no clear cause, and there is no treatment. […] If you lose your sense of smell, you may have changes in taste. Adding highly seasoned foods to your diet can help stimulate the taste sensations that you still have. […] There is no treatment for loss of smell due to aging.

• #1 Loss of smell and taste: Distinguishing between COVID-19 and the common cold/flu | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/periodontics/oral-medicine-anesthetics-and-oral-systemic-connection/article/14187921/loss-of-smell-and-taste-distinguishing-between-covid-19-and-the-common-cold-flu

  Although the exact mechanism behind the virus effect on smell and taste is elusive, one study suggests that the novel coronavirus changes the sense of smell/taste in patients not by directly infecting neurons but by affecting the function of supporting cells. […] Temporary loss of function of supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, which indirectly causes changes to olfactory sensory neurons, results in symptomatic changes. […] Smell training should be recommended for all patients with loss of smell persisting for more than two weeks. […] Olfactory training is recommended for patients who experience a loss of smell for more than two weeks.

• #1 Anosmia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosmia

  Anosmia, also known as smell blindness, is the lack of ability to detect one or more smells. Anosmia may be temporary or permanent. It differs from hyposmia, which is a decreased sensitivity to some or all smells. […] Anosmia is a common symptom of COVID-19 and can persist as long COVID. […] Loss of smell can also be dangerous because it hinders the detection of gas leaks, fire, and spoiled food. […] Many experience one sided loss of smell, often as a result of minor head trauma. […] Losing an established and sentimental smell memory has been known to cause feelings of depression. […] Loss of the ability to smell may lead to the loss of libido, but this usually does not apply to those with olfactory dysfunction at birth. […] A temporary loss of smell can be caused by a blocked nose or infection. In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose or by brain injury in which there is damage to the olfactory nerve or damage to brain areas that process smell.

• #1 How to Regain Your Sense of Smell & Taste After Head Injury

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-after-head-injury

  Many of these patients regain their sense of smell and taste within six months of the injury. But for some patients, loss of smell and taste lingers for months or even years, often accompanied by a variety of other symptoms, such as headaches, brain fog, and difficulty concentrating. […] If your symptoms last longer than three months and cannot be explained by any other condition, then you may have post-concussion syndrome (PCS). […] Doctors commonly tell patients that if they dont get better within 6-12 months after the injury, then their sense of smell isnt going to come back, and there is nothing that can be done. This assessment is not always accurate. […] While the prognosis of recovery from olfactory loss is admittedly poor, with the right treatment, it is possible for some patients.

• #1 Anosmia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosmia

  Anosmia may very occasionally be an early sign of a degenerative brain disease such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. […] Chemosensory disturbances, including loss of smell or taste, are the predominant neurological symptom of COVID-19. […] Studies have indicated that patients who presented with anosmia during the acute phase of COVID-19 are more likely to develop changes in decision-making, exhibiting more impulsive responses, which are associated with functional and structural brain changes.

• #1 How your sense of smell predicts your overall health

  https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210302-how-your-sense-of-smell-predicts-your-overall-health

  Barrie Smith was diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease in his 50s, but 18 years before he was given his diagnosis, he developed a very strange and permanent symptom. One day he detected „a strong smoky smell, like burning wires”, he says. Since then, he has never smelt anything again. […] In today’s world, most would automatically attribute the loss of smell to Covid-19, but it is also a common symptom of neurodegenerative diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Research has found that up to 38% of those suffering from Multiple Sclerosis while almost half of older adults diagnosed with dementia showed signs of smell loss five years earlier. In Parkinson’s disease 45-96% of patients show smell impairment. […] For years, smell loss or anosmia as it is also known has been largely ignored as a marker for diseases such as Parkinson’s, but now some scientists believe using it as a tool of diagnosis could come with big advantages.

• #1 Loss of smell

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/loss-of-smell/basics/causes/sym-20050804

  A stuffy nose from a cold is a common cause for a partial, brief loss of smell. Aging can cause a loss of smell, especially after age 60. […] Any problem along the way can affect the sense of smell. Problems can include a stuffy nose; something that blocks the nose; swelling, called inflammation; nerve damage; or an issue with how the brain works. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #1 COVID-19 Smell Check — Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences

  https://agsci.psu.edu/smellcheck

  Sudden loss of the sense of smell is one of the earliest signs and best predictors of COVID-19. […] More and more patients reported experiencing a sudden inability to smell. […] Anosmia is the inability to smell, and can occur with viral illness or head trauma. Sudden and unexplained loss of the sense of smell has emerged as a critical diagnostic marker of COVID-19. […] As many as 75 percent of those infected with COVID report smell loss. Anosmia is one of the earliest signs and accurate predictors of COVID-19. In fact, its a better diagnostic symptom than fever and cough. […] Unlike other viruses, many people with COVID-19 can experience smell loss without a runny nose or any congestion. […] COVID-19 symptoms to watch for: New loss of taste or smell.

• #1 A Change in Smell After COVID-19 Infection: What You Need to Know | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2022/09/change-smell-after-covid-19-infection-what-you-need-know

  Some people experience a change to their taste and smell following COVID-19 infection, also known as parosmia (abnormal sense of smell), hyposmia (decreased sense of smell), and anosmia (loss of sense of smell). […] A loss of taste and smell is a common symptom of COVID-19 infection. In the recovery phase of COVID-19, a patient normally regains their senses back. However, some people experience a change to their sense of smell about three to four months following infection. […] The loss or change of taste and smell during COVID-19 infection impacts about 50-75 percent of people. About 25-75 percent go on to develop parosmia in the recovery phase of COVID-19. […] Patients usually improve slowly with time. About 65 percent of people with COVID-19-induced parosmia or hyposmia regain these senses by about 18 months, while 80-90 percent regain these senses by two years.

• #1 I Lost My Sense of Smell: Do I Have COVID-19? | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/news/i-lost-my-sense-smell-do-i-have-covid-19

  This sudden smell loss usually happens after you experience a severe cold, once your other cold symptoms have cleared up. It can result in a loss of smell that lasts from 6 months to years; in some instances, it may even be permanent. Additionally, patients may report phantom smells such as smelling smoke or gasoline when not present or having altered smells. […] Smell loss is actually an early sign of COVID-19 and usually occurs for those who have a mild form of the virus, says Tajudeen. […] Another major difference is the length of smell recovery. With other viruses, recovery could take months and sometimes even years. Smell recovery for COVID-19 patient usually takes about four weeks. […] Anytime you experience a loss of smell, whether its gradual or immediate, its a good idea to see an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist to ensure you get proper treatment.

• #1 Onset and duration of symptoms of loss of smell/taste in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7833280/

  The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to investigate the time of onset and duration of symptoms of loss of smell and taste in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. […] Many of the studies reported that the onset of anosmia and ageusia occurred 4 to 5 days after the manifestation of other symptoms of the infection and that these symptoms started to disappear after one week, with more significant improvements in the first two weeks. […] The present study concludes that the onset of symptoms of loss of smell and taste, associated with COVID-19, occurs 4 to 5 days after other symptoms, and that these symptoms last from 7 to 14 days. […] The duration of symptoms of loss of smell and/or taste in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was addressed in eight articles.

• #1 6 Facts About Parosmia (Distorted Smell) After COVID

  https://www.health.com/condition/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/parosmia-covid

  The unpleasant smell misperception can occur long after you’ve had COVID-19. […] A loss of your sense of smell, known as anosmia, is one of the most common symptoms of COVID. However, COVID can impact your sense of smell in another way through parosmia which is smell distortion. […] Parosmia, also called „COVID smell,” typically occurs months after you have COVID. This could happen even if you didn’t lose the sense of smell when you had COVID. […] Symptoms that indicate a person may have parosmia include: experiencing a familiar odor that doesn’t smell the way it’s expected to smell, having an inability to tolerate the smells, which can result in gagging or vomiting, smelling pleasant odors as unpleasant smells like rotting, burning, or sewage odors. […] Parosmia has been shown to develop after COVID, often due to anosmia. However, though anosmia and parosmia are connected, you may not experience parosmia as a telltale symptom of COVID.

• #1 6 Facts About Parosmia (Distorted Smell) After COVID

  https://www.health.com/condition/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/parosmia-covid

  Parosmia is common in people with smell issues during a COVID infection. […] Parosmia due to COVID might last for a long time. Some researchers indicated that, according to some patient reports, cases of parosmia have lasted up to 16 months. […] When a person has parosmia, it can affect their experiences with food and other smells. […] You may be more likely to develop parosmia, or smell distortion, if you have certain risk factors like having smell problems in general during a COVID infection. Parosmia due to COVID can occur long-term; however, there’s not enough research to determine if it is permanent.

• #1 Smell – impaired: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003052.htm

  If you have a loss of smell due to a recent upper respiratory infection, be patient. The sense of smell often returns to normal without treatment. […] Contact your health care provider if: The loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] The provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and current symptoms. Questions may include: Are all odors affected or only some? Is your sense of taste affected? […] If the loss of sense of smell is caused by a stuffy nose (nasal congestion), decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

• #1 Lost or Changed Sense of Smell: Causes & Treatment – ENT LDN

  https://entlondon.org.uk/blogs/lost-or-changed-sense-of-smell-causes-and-treatment/

  Lost or Changed Sense of Smell is a valuable ability that improves our everyday lives in many ways. Have you noticed a sudden absence of familiar scents, leaving you disconnected? If so, you might be experiencing losing smelling sense. Smell loss is temporary and returns once the underlying cause is addressed. Most people with smell disorders suffer from colds and other respiratory infections. A runny nose is common, especially in cold and flu seasons. The airway infection leads to swelling and inflammation of the nose, restricting the odour molecules from reaching the smell receptors above the nose. For someone who experiences a sense of smell change, anything that occupies this nasal passage will significantly affect it. This could be a deviated septum, an abnormal structure that occurs when the cartilage that divides the nasal cavity gets deformed, or any object accidentally stuck inside the nose. The sinuses are the air cavities surrounding the face. When infected mucus blocks them, no drainage occurs. The mucus passes to the nose through the pathways. This blockage prevents the air containing these odour molecules from passing to the olfactory receptors. Allergic reactions during specific seasons, such as spring, can lead to all the symptoms in your nose and respiratory area forming. The release of chemicals during the allergic reaction is identical to the substances that cause inflammation and congestion of the nose. This leads to a blockage that is the same as the one that occurs in colds. Polyps are noncancerous small growths usually forming in the nasal tissues or sinus lining. Although not always harmful, polyps can occasionally obstruct your nasal passage and affect your sense of smell. The most common culprits behind smell problems are everyday foes like colds, allergies, or sinus infections. These can block the pathway odour molecules take to reach smell receptors in your nose. In some situations, a change in smell might warrant a doctors visit. If the loss is sudden and significant or lingers for weeks after a cold, its best to get checked. The change in sense of smell can sometimes be an early warning sign of certain health conditions. The good news is that many causes of smell loss are treatable. Medications, injuries, or even exposure to chemicals might be the reason. Once the doctor identifies the cause, they can recommend the best action to get your health back on track. If you experience any change in your sense of smell, visit an ENT specialist nearby. An ENT Specialist in London specialises in ear, nose, and throat disorders. The doctor will assess you through a physical examination, medical history review, and allergy triggers. The doctor can also suggest small tests to understand the condition in detail. Common ways to diagnose lost smell are: Some tests measure the amount of smell that a patient can detect. A test consists of a paper booklet with different odours. The patients are then asked to scratch the pages and identify the smell. If they struggle to identify the odour, it indicates a changed sense of smell. The doctors diagnosis lets you look closer at your noses structure. The smell tests and imaging techniques will reveal whether the changed smell is temporary or there is any abnormal growth in the nasal passage. This initial consultation with the doctor can also detect any severe issues, such as nasal polyps or tumours in the brain, that are hard to diagnose in the late stages. You can minimise the risk of sense of smell problems by seeking timely medical guidance. Let them know when you noticed the first sign of impaired smell. Many people experience loss of smell due to a recent injury or illness. The ENT specialist can help find underlying issues that can cause a severe problem in the future if left untreated. Instead of relying on ineffective methods, consulting a doctor can quickly recover your condition. Nasal sprays are quick and easy ways to improve airflow or nasal congestion. If used correctly, these sprays can enhance the ability to detect odours. They reduce inflammation in the nasal passage and allow mucus to loosen and clear the passage. Your doctor can initially prescribe saline nasal sprays to relieve the nasal cavity. Rhinoplasty is considered a safe procedure for individuals dealing with severe nasal problems. The surgery can be a good option for those with internal structural issues who want to fix them quickly. The most common factor is a deviated septum. A misaligned wall between the nostrils can lead to soft tissue growth. Treating this condition with rhinoplasty surgery is essential as it can lead to nasal congestion and breathing problems. Specific allergy triggers or other dust factors can change the sense of smell. The first step should be to diagnose these triggers via allergy tests to identify particular factors for treatment. Smoking is a significant contributor to nasal problems. If you are suffering from impaired smell, it is vital to quit smoking and adopt a healthy lifestyle to prevent nasal abnormalities. The doctor can prescribe medications to promote a healthy recovery. These include antibiotics to treat sinus infections, allergies, or inflammation. If a patient is allergic to certain ingredients, the doctor can suggest alternative medicines to treat the nasal infection without affecting other conditions. Impaired smell can affect any individuals quality of life, confidence, and health. Temporary smell problems can return to normal in a few weeks or months. Severe problems require careful cause assessment and professional assistance.

• #1 Why your returning sense of smell after COVID may feel strange

  https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/6/8/why-your-returning-sense-of-smell-after-covid-may-feel-strange

  The cause behind these changes is thought to be due to the unique regenerating capability of olfactory neurons, whereby new cells sprout and reconnect to the brain in a trial-and-error process. […] A recent study investigating the length of time it took for smell changes to correct themselves after participants had a COVID-19 infection varied from 10 days to three months. […] Experts now recommend smell retraining over corticosteroid use for olfactory recovery as it is inexpensive and not associated with any side effects. Olfactory retraining therapy involves sniffing different odours over a period of months to retrain the brain to recognise different smells. […] The idea is that this exercise retrains the brains smell pathways to recognise different odours. Think of it as physiotherapy for your nose, it is not a quick fix but it can stimulate and restore the olfactory system or at the very least help it function better.

• #1 Healthy aging

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/expert-answers/loss-of-taste-and-smell/faq-20058455

  Some loss of taste and smell is natural with aging, especially after age 60. […] Loss of taste and smell can have a significant impact on quality of life. It often leads to decreased appetite and poor nutrition. It can sometimes contribute to depression. Loss of taste and smell also might tempt you to use excess salt or sugar on your food to enhance the taste. This could be a problem if you have high blood pressure or diabetes. […] Most people who have loss of taste and smell associated with COVID-19 disease report seeing improvements in their symptoms in a few weeks. However, for some, loss of taste and smell may linger for months. […] If your symptoms don’t improve after treating the cause of your loss of taste and smell, your health care provider may recommend smell training therapy. This therapy involves smelling four different scents for about 10 to 20 seconds twice a day for at least three months. Your health care provider might also recommend strategies to help you cope with loss of taste and smell.

• #1 How Can I Get My Sense of Smell back? – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/how-can-i-get-my-sense-of-smell-back/

  If your loss of smell (anosmia) or significant reduction in smell (hyposmia) is determined to be chronic, this may be due to direct damage to the nerves that sense smell in the nose. […] But, his studies have shown that patients who complete SRT for 12-36 weeks have significantly improved senses of smell (olfaction) compared to patients who did nothing (control). […] A modification of this protocol (studied in 2015 by Dr. Hummel et al.) involved using more smells (12) for a long period of time (36 weeks) showed improved results.

• #1 Loss of Taste and Smell: Anosmia, Loss of Smell & COVID-19

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/16708-loss-of-taste-and-smell

  With COVID-19, more than 8 in 10 people may briefly lose their sense of smell. Along with it, they lose their ability to taste. […] Most people regain these senses within 60 days of recovering from COVID-19. […] When your sense of smell or taste declines, meals lose their appeal. Eating too little can put you at risk for malnutrition, dehydration and unhealthy weight loss. […] A lack of appetite combined with an inability to smell pleasurable scents may contribute to depression. […] You should tell your healthcare provider if you experience a loss of smell or taste. While it can be normal, especially as you get older, these symptoms can sometimes indicate a health problem or a medication side effect.

• #1 Loss of Smell (Anosmia) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/smell-and-taste-disorders

  A condition that causes a person to partially or completely lose his or her sense of smell. […] Symptoms include loss of smell and change in tastes of food. […] Anosmia is the partial or full loss of smell. Anosmia can be a temporary or permanent condition. […] The sense of smell is important to overall health and nutrition since diminished sensations can lead to poor appetite and malnutrition, especially in the elderly. An altered sense of smell may pose other health-related problems. […] However, it’s important to know that sometimes the cause of smell disorder can’t be determined for certain. And sometimes anosmia cannot be treated.

• #1 Smell (Olfactory) Disorders—Anosmia, Phantosmia & Others | NIDCD

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders

  If your smell disorder cant be successfully treated, you might want to seek counseling to help you adjust. […] When their smell is impaired, some people change their eating habits. […] In severe cases, loss of smell can lead to depression. […] A smell disorder can be an early sign of Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, or multiple sclerosis.

• #1 Smell disorders: When your sense of smell goes astray – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/smell-disorders-when-your-sense-of-smell-goes-astray-2018121215539

  Smell disorders affect 19% of the population over the age of 20 and 25% of the population over 53. […] The most common causes of prolonged smell loss occur as a result of COVID-19, an upper respiratory infection, head injury, chronic sinus disease, and aging. […] In some cases, the loss of smell is complete (anosmia), while in other cases there is only a partial loss (hyposmia). […] The distortions are either experienced as odors smelling dramatically different from what was remembered (parosmia) or smelling an odor that isn’t present (phantosmia). […] If you experience any persistent change in your sense of smell, visit your doctor for an evaluation. […] Some rare forms of smell disorders may result from tumors in the brain, neurodegenerative disease, or infection. […] Although therapies are currently lacking, there is hope for future breakthroughs.

• #1 Anosmia (Loss of Smell): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21859-anosmia-loss-of-sense-of-smell

  Often, anosmia is a side effect of many common medical issues. Youll be able to smell again once the underlying issue goes away. Rarely, people have congenital anosmia, for which theres no known cure. […] Anosmia related to colds, flus and infections usually goes away within a few days. Talk to a healthcare provider if your cold or flu clears up and you still cant detect odors. […] Anosmia means youve lost your sense of smell. Often, its a side effect of common medical issues like colds, seasonal allergies or polyps in your nose. Your sense of smell usually comes back once the underlying issue goes away or you receive treatment. Sometimes anosmia doesnt go away. That’s when you should talk to a healthcare provider because it may be a symptom of serious medical conditions like diabetes or a brain injury.

• #2 Anosmia (Loss of Smell): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21859-anosmia-loss-of-sense-of-smell

  Often, anosmia is a side effect of many common medical issues. Youll be able to smell again once the underlying issue goes away. Rarely, people have congenital anosmia, for which theres no known cure. […] Anosmia related to colds, flus and infections usually goes away within a few days. Talk to a healthcare provider if your cold or flu clears up and you still cant detect odors. […] Anosmia means youve lost your sense of smell. Often, its a side effect of common medical issues like colds, seasonal allergies or polyps in your nose. Your sense of smell usually comes back once the underlying issue goes away or you receive treatment. Sometimes anosmia doesnt go away. That’s when you should talk to a healthcare provider because it may be a symptom of serious medical conditions like diabetes or a brain injury.

• #2 Lost or changed sense of smell | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-smell

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it isn’t usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. See your GP if your sense of smell doesn’t go back to normal in a few weeks. […] Changes in sense of smell are most often due to: a cold or flu, sinusitis (sinus infection), an allergy, like hay fever, growths in your nose (nasal polyps). […] These can cause: loss of smell (anosmia), smelling things that aren’t there (phantosmia), like smoke or burnt toast, reduced sense of smell (hyposmia), the smell of things to change (parosmia). […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell can’t be treated and may be permanent. […] If you’ve lost your sense of smell, you may not be able to smell things like gas leaks, fires and food that has gone off.

• #2 Anosmia (Loss of Smell) | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/anosmia-loss-of-smell.html

  Anosmia (total loss of smell) and hyposmia (partial loss of smell) can result from many conditions, medications, and infections. […] Usually, anosmia and hyposmia improve once doctors have treated the cause. In some cases, loss of smell can be permanent. If you notice symptoms of anosmia, it is important to seek treatment right away. Delaying treatment may result in permanent smell loss. […] Signs of anosmia and hyposmia can come on suddenly or develop gradually. You may experience a change in your sense of smell before losing it completely. Familiar scents may smell different (parosmia), or you may detect odors that aren’t actually there (phantosmia). […] For some people, one of the first symptoms of anosmia and hyposmia is loss of taste (ageusia). You may notice that your food tastes more bland than usual. Or you can’t tell the difference between certain flavors and discover that your ability to smell has decreased. This happens because the sense of smell and sense of taste are very closely connected. To taste flavors, your brain combines the messages it receives about smell and taste. […] Anosmia is a common symptom of COVID-19 and long COVID. Many other viral infections can also cause this condition. Usually, the sense of smell returns in a few weeks, but it can take months or even longer to return. […] Hyposmia and anosmia are often early signs of these disorders.

• #2 Loss of Taste and Smell: Anosmia, Loss of Smell & COVID-19

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/16708-loss-of-taste-and-smell

  With COVID-19, more than 8 in 10 people may briefly lose their sense of smell. Along with it, they lose their ability to taste. […] Most people regain these senses within 60 days of recovering from COVID-19. […] When your sense of smell or taste declines, meals lose their appeal. Eating too little can put you at risk for malnutrition, dehydration and unhealthy weight loss. […] A lack of appetite combined with an inability to smell pleasurable scents may contribute to depression. […] You should tell your healthcare provider if you experience a loss of smell or taste. While it can be normal, especially as you get older, these symptoms can sometimes indicate a health problem or a medication side effect.

• #2 Lost or changed sense of smell

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-of-smell/

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it is not usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. […] Changes in sense of smell are most often caused by: a cold or flu, sinusitis (sinus infection), an allergy, such as hay fever, growths in your nose (nasal polyps), COVID-19 (coronavirus). […] These can cause: loss of smell (anosmia), smelling things that are not there (phantosmia), like smoke or burnt toast, reduced sense of smell (hyposmia), your sense of smell to change (parosmia). […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell cannot be treated and may be permanent. […] If you have lost your sense of smell, you may not be able to smell things like gas leaks, fires and food that has gone off.

• #2 Smell Loss Related to Colds, Allergies, Sinus Issues, and COVID-19 – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/smell-loss-related-to-colds-allergies-sinus-issues-and-covid-19/

  Anosmia is the lack of sense of smell and frequently goes hand in hand with the lack of taste. […] The loss of smell, with or without changes in taste, related to COVID-19 infection typically occurs without the nasal congestion or runny nose that is typically seen with a cold. […] Patients that experience a loss of smell from COVID-19 that does not get better after several months may benefit from, smell retraining therapy. […] Parosmia, or altered sense of smell, may occur weeks or months after loss of smell with COVID-19. […] Nasal obstruction and thick nasal drainage with or without the loss of smell commonly occur with a cold (viral URI). […] Occasionally, a viral URI will have a lingering effect on your sense of smell, and you should see an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, or otolaryngologist, for further evaluation if it persists after your nasal breathing returns to normal.

• #2 How to Regain Your Sense of Smell & Taste After Head Injury

  https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-after-head-injury

  Loss of taste and smell featured heavily in the news during the COVID-19 pandemic as one of the first signs of infection. But this is not the only condition that may lead to loss of smell. You could also experience this symptom after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), whether it was a mild TBI (concussion) or a severe head injury. […] Unfortunately, many patients with changes in smell or taste after a head injury struggle to (a) obtain a diagnosis and (b) receive meaningful treatment. […] On the other hand, concussion patients often fail to receive a diagnosis because many doctors are not aware that a mild head injury can cause changes in smell and taste. […] Changes in smell and taste can lead to excessive weight loss, withdrawal from social activities, and depression. […] Studies show that up to half of patients with a mild brain injury will lose their sense of smell and taste in the first few days after the injury.

• #2 Loss of Smell – A Hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia – Lewy Body Dementia Association

  https://www.lbda.org/blog/loss-of-smell-a-hallmark-of-parkinsons-disease-and-lewy-body-dementia/

  Loss of the sense of smell, called hyposmia, can be caused by any number of medical conditions. It can precede other symptoms Lewy body dementia. […] However, most people who have Parkinsons disease have at least partially lost their sense of smell. Many people come to the realization that they began to lose their sense of smell many years before receiving a diagnosis of PD. […] If you are having changes in thinking or movement, and notice that you have trouble smelling foods like bananas, pickles, or licorice, or if you notice this symptom in a person, you know who also has changes in thinking or movement, it is wise to ask a healthcare provider about LBD and Parkinsons. […] There is not really anything anyone can do about a lost sense of smell. Unfortunately, because smell is linked to taste, losing the sense of smell might cause a loss of appetite as well.

• #2 How to Get Your Taste Buds Back: 18 Causes, What to Do Next

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-get-your-taste-buds-back

  Aside from the loss of the sense of taste and smell, symptoms can include: stuffiness or runny nose, facial pain and pressure, upper tooth pain, headache, snoring, frequent nosebleeds. […] In a 2018 study, researchers found that 28% of 68 people with chronic rhinosinusitis had taste loss. […] Some medicines can alter or diminish your sense of taste. […] Chemotherapy and radiation to the head or neck can alter or weaken your sense of taste. This usually clears up once you finish treatment. […] Certain nutritional deficiencies could minimize your sense of taste. For example, zinc is vital to your senses of taste and smell. […] Anything that affects the mouth can certainly affect your sense of taste, such as: wisdom tooth extraction, gum disease, infection, inadequate oral hygiene. […] Its not unusual to lose some sense of smell and taste as you age. Its not normal to completely lose your sense of taste, though.

• #2 Why your returning sense of smell after COVID may feel strange

  https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/6/8/why-your-returning-sense-of-smell-after-covid-may-feel-strange

  The loss or change in ones sense of smell and taste has proven to be a more accurate indicator of a COVID-19 infection than even a fever and cough. The exact percentage of people who experience a loss or change in their sense of smell after contracting COVID-19 is difficult to estimate as it relies on affected people self-reporting, but one analysis suggests it could be just more than 50 percent. […] COVID-19 is known to cause a number of smell disorders: Anosmia: the complete inability to detect odours. Parosmia: a change in the normal perception of odours, such as when the smell of something familiar is distorted, or when something that normally smells pleasant now smells foul, like faeces or sewage, for example. Hyposmia: a reduced ability to detect odours. Phantosmia: a rarer complaint where one constantly smells something nobody else is able to smell.

• #2 I Lost My Sense of Smell: Do I Have COVID-19? | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/news/i-lost-my-sense-smell-do-i-have-covid-19

  Do I have COVID-19 or is it something else? This question has probably crossed your mind a time or two or maybe even 20. COVID-19 symptoms can be so similar to other conditions, its not unusual to search your symptoms to see if you need to be tested. […] One COVID-19 symptom thats frequently Googled: smell loss. […] There are actually a variety of reasons other than COVID-19 why someone may lose their sense of smell, says Bobby Tajudeen, MD, director of rhinology, sinus surgery and skull base surgery at Rush University Medical Center. […] These types of conditions can cause a progressive loss of smell, too. You may notice a gradual decrease in your smelling abilities over a span of several years due to the built-up inflammation in your nose. […] Tajudeen says that a sudden loss of smell can mean a viral condition is at play.

• #2

  https://www.today.com/health/coronavirus-covid-19-symptoms-may-include-loss-smell-or-taste-t176597

  The American Academy of Otolaryngology proposed these signs be added to the list of coronavirus screening tools and said they warranted serious consideration for self-isolation and testing of such patients. […] The group cited evidence from South Korea, China and Italy that showed significant numbers of patients with COVID-19 lost their sense of smell. […] In young patients, they do not have any significant symptoms such as the cough and fever, but they may have just the loss of sense of smell and taste, which suggests that these viruses are lodging in the nose, said Dr. Nirmal Kumar, an otolaryngologist and president of ENT UK, in an interview with Sky News. […] Other viruses that cause the common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections including previously-identified coronaviruses can also lead to the loss of sense of smell so it may not be surprising the new coronavirus would do the same, ENT UK noted. […] When other viruses cause a loss of, or a reduced sense of smell or taste, it usually takes weeks to months to return, Jatana noted.

• #2 Loss of Taste and Smell COVID-19: Symptoms & Treatment | Ada Health

  https://ada.com/covid/covid-19-symptom-loss-of-taste-and-smell/

  A loss of smell or taste is a frequent symptom of COVID-19. […] You can experience a partial loss, a complete loss, or a change in taste or smell. […] The loss of smell or taste can persist as a symptom of long-COVID-19. […] In most cases, the sense of smell and taste comes back within a month, although some may experience an alteration in these senses for a longer time. […] A sudden loss of taste and smell is one of the earliest possible symptoms of an infection with the coronavirus and is estimated to be present in 53% of cases. […] Most coronavirus strains present themselves with similar symptoms, although the loss of taste and smell is less present in the Omicron variant. […] A loss of taste or smell caused by COVID-19 usually lasts about 8 days, although some cases last longer.

• #2 How Do You Treat Parosmia or Loss of Smell? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/all/2022/09/how-do-you-treat-parosmia-or-loss-of-smell

  Parosmia is a condition where a persons sense of smell no longer works correctly. […] The condition is called parosmia. And for some, it’s an inconvenience, but for others, it can get so bad it could impact their physical and emotional health and quality of life. […] Parosmia really describes an altered sense of smell where people will smell an odorant or an aroma out in the world, and the signal that that will send to their brain, AKA what they’ll actually smell it as, comes out wrong. […] The story you’re describing for how patients present with parosmia after COVID-19 is totally accurate. Usually what will happen is someone will come into my office, they’ll tell me, „Sometime between three or four months ago, I got COVID-19. I was sick. My nose was stuffy and congested. My sense of smell was gone or decreased while I was sick.”

• #2 Parosmia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/parosmia

  Damage to your olfactory senses can cause parosmia. Specific causes can include head injury, bacterial infection, or as a side effect of cancer treatment. […] Parosmia is a term used to describe health conditions that distort your sense of smell. If you have parosmia, you may experience a loss of scent intensity, meaning you cant detect the full range of the scents around you. […] Most cases of parosmia become apparent after you recover from an infection. Symptom severity varies from case to case. […] If you have parosmia, your main symptom would be sensing a persistent foul odor, especially when food is around. You may also have difficulty recognizing or noticing some scents in your environment, a result of damage to your olfactory neurons. […] Scents that you used to find pleasant may now become overpowering and unbearable. If you try to eat food that smells bad to you, you may feel nauseous or sick while you’re eating.

• #2 Smell – impaired Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/smell-impaired

  If you have a loss of smell due to a recent upper respiratory infection, be patient. The sense of smell often returns to normal without treatment. […] Contact your health care provider if the loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] The provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and current symptoms. […] If the loss of sense of smell is caused by a stuffy nose (nasal congestion), decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

• #2 6 Facts About Parosmia (Distorted Smell) After COVID

  https://www.health.com/condition/infectious-diseases/coronavirus/parosmia-covid

  Parosmia is common in people with smell issues during a COVID infection. […] Parosmia due to COVID might last for a long time. Some researchers indicated that, according to some patient reports, cases of parosmia have lasted up to 16 months. […] When a person has parosmia, it can affect their experiences with food and other smells. […] You may be more likely to develop parosmia, or smell distortion, if you have certain risk factors like having smell problems in general during a COVID infection. Parosmia due to COVID can occur long-term; however, there’s not enough research to determine if it is permanent.

• #2 Regaining your sense of taste and smell after COVID-19 | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-and-taste-after-covid-19/

  So, how can you train your senses to smell again after COVID-19? Smell therapy can help the process involves smelling different strong scents for at least 20 seconds while thinking about memories and experiences involving the scent. […] It may take a long time to start noticing improvements in your taste and smell. But having the support of a doctor or clinician to explain long haul COVID treatment can make the process easier. […] If youd like personalized treatment to recover your taste and smell after COVID-19, were here to help.

• #2 How we lose our sense of smell, and how it’s treated

  https://stanmed.stanford.edu/sense-smell-health/

  Among the human senses, smell — or more formally, olfaction — is often considered the most dispensable. But for people who’ve found themselves suddenly unable to smell — a more common predicament since the COVID-19 pandemic — the loss can be surprisingly, profoundly devastating. More than 1 in 5 Americans has experienced smell loss since the start of the pandemic. The surge has led to a closer look at the underdog sense and its intimate ties to brain health. Smell dysfunction is linked with depression and anxiety. A sudden loss of smell might be the earliest sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson’s, detectable long before any cognitive deficits appear. […] Nearly half of people with smell loss also experience phantosmia or parosmia. […] According to one study, 40% to 76% of patients with smell loss also have depression. The more significant the smell impairment, the more severe the depression. […] A sudden unexplained loss of smell could be a telltale sign of disease brewing in the brain. […] Numerous studies now suggest that olfactory impairment may be the earliest detectable marker of neurodegenerative diseases.

• #2 Anosmia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosmia

  Anosmia, also known as smell blindness, is the lack of ability to detect one or more smells. Anosmia may be temporary or permanent. It differs from hyposmia, which is a decreased sensitivity to some or all smells. […] Anosmia is a common symptom of COVID-19 and can persist as long COVID. […] Loss of smell can also be dangerous because it hinders the detection of gas leaks, fire, and spoiled food. […] Many experience one sided loss of smell, often as a result of minor head trauma. […] Losing an established and sentimental smell memory has been known to cause feelings of depression. […] Loss of the ability to smell may lead to the loss of libido, but this usually does not apply to those with olfactory dysfunction at birth. […] A temporary loss of smell can be caused by a blocked nose or infection. In contrast, a permanent loss of smell may be caused by death of olfactory receptor neurons in the nose or by brain injury in which there is damage to the olfactory nerve or damage to brain areas that process smell.

• #2 Healthy aging

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/expert-answers/loss-of-taste-and-smell/faq-20058455

  Some loss of taste and smell is natural with aging, especially after age 60. […] Loss of taste and smell can have a significant impact on quality of life. It often leads to decreased appetite and poor nutrition. It can sometimes contribute to depression. Loss of taste and smell also might tempt you to use excess salt or sugar on your food to enhance the taste. This could be a problem if you have high blood pressure or diabetes. […] Most people who have loss of taste and smell associated with COVID-19 disease report seeing improvements in their symptoms in a few weeks. However, for some, loss of taste and smell may linger for months. […] If your symptoms don’t improve after treating the cause of your loss of taste and smell, your health care provider may recommend smell training therapy. This therapy involves smelling four different scents for about 10 to 20 seconds twice a day for at least three months. Your health care provider might also recommend strategies to help you cope with loss of taste and smell.

• #2 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/1fq6nqz/in_a_new_study_researchers_found_that_individuals/

  In a new study, researchers found that individuals who had anosmia (the loss of smell) during COVID-19 showed alterations in brain functionality and even physical structure during recovery. […] This study is among the first to link COVID-19-related loss of smell to significant brain changes.

• #2 Lost or changed sense of smell

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-smell/

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it’s not usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. […] These problems can cause: loss of smell (anosmia) […] reduced sense of smell (hyposmia) […] changes to how things smell (parosmia). […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell cannot be treated and may be permanent.

• #2 Smell (Olfactory) Disorders—Anosmia, Phantosmia & Others | NIDCD

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders

  If your smell disorder cant be successfully treated, you might want to seek counseling to help you adjust. […] When their smell is impaired, some people change their eating habits. […] In severe cases, loss of smell can lead to depression. […] A smell disorder can be an early sign of Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, or multiple sclerosis.

• #2 Smell – impaired: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003052.htm

  If you have a loss of smell due to a recent upper respiratory infection, be patient. The sense of smell often returns to normal without treatment. […] Contact your health care provider if: The loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] The provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and current symptoms. Questions may include: Are all odors affected or only some? Is your sense of taste affected? […] If the loss of sense of smell is caused by a stuffy nose (nasal congestion), decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

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