Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lost or changed sense of smell

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-smell/

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it’s not usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Treating the cause might help. For example, steroid nasal sprays or drops might help if you have sinusitis or nasal polyps. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell cannot be treated and may be permanent. […] A treatment called smell training can help some people. […] If you have lost your sense of smell, you may not be able to smell things like gas leaks, fires and food that’s gone off.

• #1 Lost Your Sense of Smell? Five Things You Should Know | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/lost-your-sense-of-smell-five-things-you-should-know

  As if the fever, dry cough and shortness of breath associated with COVID-19 werent enough, some patients are grappling with the loss of their senses of smell and taste as well. […] The general rate of anosmia, or smell blindness, in the healthy population is quite rare. As we age, loss of smell grows more common, affecting up to 20 percent of seniors. This tends to be a gradual process and may be accompanied by the slow blunting or alteration of ones sense of taste, called dysgeusia. […] About 30-to-60 percent of COVID-19 patients have reported abrupt symptoms related to the loss of smell. […] Inflammation of the noses mucus membranes can lead to obstruction of hair-like cells in the airway that carry odors to the olfactory nerve, which controls smell. […] With so many overseas patients experiencing sensory loss as an early sign of COVID-19, it is critical that you report these symptoms to your primary care doctor. […] If you have other COVID-19 symptoms in addition to a sudden loss of smell or taste, contact your doctor or public health department and self-quarantine until otherwise notified.

• #1 A Change in Smell After COVID-19 Infection: What You Need to Know | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2022/09/change-smell-after-covid-19-infection-what-you-need-know

  Being able to taste and smell are essential parts of enjoying everyday life. But for some COVID-19 long haulers, these senses can become extremely unpleasant. Some people experience a change to their taste and smell following COVID-19 infection, also known as parosmia (abnormal sense of smell), hyposmia (decreased sense of smell), and anosmia (loss of sense of smell). […] A loss of taste and smell is a common symptom of COVID-19 infection. In the recovery phase of COVID-19, a patient normally regains their senses back. However, some people experience a change to their sense of smell about three to four months following infection. […] The number of patients who experience a loss of smell and taste during or after COVID-19 infection ranged widely. The loss or change of taste and smell during COVID-19 infection impacts about 50-75 percent of people. About 25-75 percent go on to develop parosmia in the recovery phase of COVID-19.

• #1 Smell (Olfactory) Disorders—Anosmia, Phantosmia & Others | NIDCD

  https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders

  Your sense of smell helps you enjoy life. Any loss in your sense of smell can have a negative effect on your quality of life. It can also be a sign of more serious health problems. […] People who have a smell disorder either have a decrease in their ability to smell or changes in the way they perceive odors. […] Diagnosis by a doctor is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of a potential smell disorder. If your problem is caused by medications, talk to your doctor to see if lowering the dosage or changing the medicine could reduce its effect on your sense of smell. […] When their smell is impaired, some people change their eating habits. […] Problems with your chemical senses may be a sign of other serious health conditions. A smell disorder can be an early sign of Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, or multiple sclerosis. It can also be related to other medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and malnutrition. If you are experiencing a smell disorder, talk with your doctor.

• #1 Smell and Taste Disorders | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-clinics/smell-and-taste-disorders.html

  Losing your sense of smell or taste can significantly impact your quality of life. […] Our team has specialized expertise in diagnosing and treating smell and taste disorders. […] Numerous medical conditions, diseases, and other factors can lead to smell and taste disorders. […] Loss of smell can also be an early sign of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons. […] Our experienced team works with experts across Stanford Health Care to deliver an accurate diagnosis and comprehensive care. […] We specialize in helping people with taste disorders that result from an impaired sense of smell. […] Our team uses a comprehensive approach to treat: Anosmia: Total loss of smell, Hyposmia: Partial loss of smell, Parosmia: Scents smell different or distorted, Phantosmia: Smelling odors that arent actually there. […] Your wellness plays a role in the success of your treatment. […] Many people find it challenging to live with a smell or taste disorder. […] We offer support services for you and your loved ones that can help you stay strong throughout your treatment and recovery.

• #1 Smell – impaired – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/smell-impaired

  Impaired smell is the partial or total loss or abnormal perception of the sense of smell. […] The loss of smell can occur with conditions that prevent air from reaching smell receptors located high in the nose, or loss of or injury to the smell receptors. […] Treating the cause of the problem may correct the lost sense of smell. […] If you lose your sense of smell, you may have changes in taste. […] There is no treatment for loss of smell due to aging. […] Contact your health care provider if the loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] If the loss of sense of smell is caused by a stuffy nose (nasal congestion), decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

• #1 Smell Loss Related to Colds, Allergies, Sinus Issues, and COVID-19 – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/smell-loss-related-to-colds-allergies-sinus-issues-and-covid-19/

  Anosmia is the lack of sense of smell and frequently goes hand in hand with the lack of taste. […] Patients that experience a loss of smell from COVID-19 that does not get better after several months may benefit from, smell retraining therapy. […] Parosmia, or altered sense of smell, may occur weeks or months after loss of smell with COVID-19. […] If the symptoms do not go away or get worse after five to seven days, a physician visit might be needed. […] Occasionally, a viral URI will have a lingering effect on your sense of smell, and you should see an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist, or otolaryngologist, for further evaluation if it persists after your nasal breathing returns to normal. […] Those who are still suffering from allergies after trying medications can benefit from an evaluation by an ENT specialist to identify your allergies and other related problems that prevent improvement.

• #1 Loss of Smell or Taste After Traumatic Brain Injury | MSKTC

  https://msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/loss-smell-or-taste-after-traumatic-brain-injury

  Your senses of smell and taste are important for many aspects of your life. […] Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause problems with smell and taste. […] Loss of smell is often the cause of loss of taste after TBI. […] Smell and taste problems can impact day-to-day life and lead to safety risks: […] Loss of appetite or loss of enjoyment or interest in food can make you eat too little, which may result in not getting important vitamins and nutrients that the body needs, and/or lead to unsafe weight loss. […] Not feeling satisfied by food can cause you to eat too much because you are constantly searching for something to satisfy the lack of taste; this can lead to unsafe weight gain and/or other health problems. […] Inability to smell gas leaks, toxic fumes or chemicals, which can be harmful if undetected.

• #1 Loss of Smell | Parkinson’s Foundation

  https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/loss-of-smell

  Not all people with reduced sense of smell will go on to develop Parkinsons disease (PD), but most people with PD have some loss of their sense of smell. […] In fact, reduced sense of smell, called hyposmia, is often an early sign of Parkinsons. Looking back, you may realize you were losing your sense of smell several years, or even decades, before you received a Parkinsons diagnosis. […] Hyposmia is an under-recognized symptom, as it is not a common concern for doctors to ask about or for people with PD to report. Hyposmia can impact quality of life: our sense of taste is enhanced by our ability to smell, so hyposmia can lead to a reduced enjoyment of food and reduced appetite. If you or someone you know has trouble smelling foods like bananas, dill pickles or licorice, ask your doctor about Parkinsons. […] There are not any treatments for lost sense of smell. However, if reduced ability to smell is affecting your appetite and you find yourself gaining or losing weight, you may want to learn more about diet and nutrition.

• #1 9 Reasons You Might Be Losing Your Sense of Smell

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/ear-nose-and-throat/9-reasons-you-might-be-losing-your-sense-of-smell

  Chronic sinus infections or severe allergies can sometimes lead to ongoing anosmia. […] In addition to smelling bad themselves, cigarettes also mess with your sense of smell. […] Since the nose is so well connected to the brain, a loss of smell can be an early indicator that something unusual is going on with your nervous system. […] Again, the brain’s connection to smell can come into play after a head injury. […] Certain medications like antibiotics, antihypertensives, and antihistamines can sometimes cause a temporary loss of smell, but your nose should be back in business once you quit taking the medicine. […] After age 60, you have a greater chance of losing your smell, which can also alter your sense of taste. […] Patients who receive radiation treatment for head and neck cancers typically experience problems with their sense of smell as a side effect.

• #1 Impaired Smell: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/smell-impaired

  Certain prescription medications, like antibiotics and high blood pressure medications, can also alter your sense of taste or smell. […] If you have an impaired sense of smell, call your doctor before using over-the-counter (OTC) treatment products. […] Impaired smell caused by a viral or bacterial infection is often short-lived. If you have a bacterial infection, you may be given antibiotics to speed up the healing process. This will help to restore smell. […] If a neurological disease, tumor, or other disorder causes your impaired smell, youll receive treatment for the underlying condition. Some cases of impaired smell may be permanent. […] Theres no sure way to prevent the loss of smell. You can minimize the risk of contracting colds or bacterial infections by taking the following steps: Wash your hands frequently throughout the day. Wash your hands after touching public areas. When possible, avoid people who have colds or the flu. […] Be familiar with the possible side effects of all of your prescription medications. Side effects printed in the leaflet material may include impaired smell.

• #1 Impaired Smell: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/smell-impaired

  Impaired smell is the inability to smell properly. It can describe a complete inability to smell, or the partial inability to smell. Its a symptom of several medical conditions and may be temporary or permanent. […] Loss of smell can occur due to problems in the nose, brain, or nervous system. Call your doctor if you have difficulty smelling. In certain cases, its a sign of a more serious underlying issue. […] Impaired smell can be temporary or permanent. Temporary loss of smell usually occurs along with allergies or bacterial or viral infections, such as: nasal allergies, influenza, colds, hay fever. […] Other conditions that can cause impaired smell include: dementia (memory loss), such as Alzheimers, neurological disorders like Parkinsons disease or Huntingtons disease, tumors in the brain, malnutrition, nasal tumors or surgeries, head injuries, sinusitis (sinus infection), radiation therapy, viral upper respiratory infections, hormonal disturbances, nasal decongestant use.

• #1 Smell and Taste Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1215/p852.html

  It is estimated that 95% of perceived taste disorders are caused by olfactory loss rather than gustatory loss; therefore, a disorder of the olfactory system should be the initial diagnostic focus in most cases. […] Given the large number of etiologies, physicians should initially evaluate for the most common causes of smell loss: chronic sinonasal disease, upper respiratory infections, head trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, and medications. […] Loss of smell can improve with removal of an offending medication. […] Patients are often unable to distinguish between disorders of smell and taste. Most patients who report taste loss are found to have a loss of smell instead. […] Standardized questionnaires can help assess patients with concerns about taste loss or distortion. […] For olfactory disorders (and for most taste problems), the history should include severity and persistence of symptoms.

• #1 Smell and Taste Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1215/p852.html

  Patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease may subjectively recognize smell and taste deficits as early symptoms. […] The loss of smell and taste in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease differs from that of age-matched controls, but not between the two conditions. […] Olfactory and gustatory loss is present in most patients with early Parkinson disease. […] A large number of medications have been implicated in smell and taste loss. […] If a patient notes the onset of smell or taste loss after initiating a new medication, it should be discontinued, because medication-induced loss can be reversible. […] Improvement in ability to smell occurs in one-third to one-half of patients over time, often over many months or years. […] Physicians should refer patients to a smell and taste disorder center or to an otolaryngologist if the patient’s quality of life is significantly impaired by a persistent olfactory or gustatory disorder that has no easily treatable cause.

• #1 Smell and Taste Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1215/p852.html

  Patients should be asked about medical history of allergic rhinitis or chronic rhinosinusitis (with or without nasal polyps), as well as symptoms of nasal congestion, obstruction, or rhinorrhea. […] A medication history can identify use of agents implicated in smell and taste disorders. […] Given the high prevalence of sinonasal disease in olfactory disorders, anterior rhinoscopy should be done to evaluate for nasal polyposis, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and other conditions. […] Olfactory loss is correlated with increasing frequency of upper respiratory infections. […] The severity of sinonasal disease also correlates with the degree of olfactory loss, increasing throughout the continuum of allergic rhinitis, to chronic rhinosinusitis, to nasal polyps. […] Head trauma is a well-recognized cause of olfactory loss.

• #1 Why your sense of smell is important to your health | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/why-your-sense-of-smell-is-important-to-your-health

  A loss of smell also throws off your sense of taste. […] A loss of smell can leave you vulnerable to dangerous events such as fires and gas leaks. […] If you notice a diminished smell or a change in how your food tastes, make an appointment with your primary care provider, who can perform a scratch and sniff smell identification test to evaluate your symptoms. […] If you’ve lost your sense of smell temporarily, things may smell different when the sense returns. […] The good news is that there are treatment options to help you regain your full sense of smell, including: […] Researchers are also working to find new ways of activating the sense of smell for people with anosmia.

• #1 Management of Loss of Sense of Smell (Anosmia) Associated with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) | Iowa Head and Neck Protocols

  https://gme.medicine.uiowa.edu/iowaprotocols/management-loss-sense-smell-anosmia-associated-covid-19-sars-cov-2-infection

  Management of Loss of Sense of Smell (Anosmia) Associated with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) […] Anosmia/dysgeusia is one of the earliest signatures of COVID-19 (Wagner 2020) […] He is here today for a new complaint and that is decreased smell and taste following a COVID infection earlier this year. Formal testing confirms decrease in his sense of smell. […] We will start him on olfactory retraining. […] While data is still being collected on this particular disease sequelae, one study showed that no patient remained anosmic though up to one third of cases had some residual dysfunction at 6 to 8 weeks of symptom onset (Moein 2020).

• #1 Why your sense of smell is important to your health | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/why-your-sense-of-smell-is-important-to-your-health

  Losing the sense of smell is one of the symptoms associated with COVID-19, but many people live with a minimized or lost sense of smell from other causes too. […] Living with a reduced or lost sense of smell can greatly affect your health, happiness and general quality of life, and it can happen to anyone. […] A loss of smell can affect how you live and how you feel. No matter what level of impairment you experience, you’ll see the effects in many areas of your health, including: […] People with anosmia may feel disconnected, indifferent, anxious or depressed. Studies show that a loss of smell can negatively affect relationships and increase feelings of isolation. In people with olfactory dysfunction, symptoms of depression often worsen with the severity of smell loss. […] When your sense of smell alters your perception of food, it can greatly impact your food choices.

• #1 Lost your sense of taste or smell? 8 tips for eating well | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/lost-your-sense-of-taste-or-smell-due-to-covid-19-or-cancer-treatment–8-tips-for-eating-well.h00-159458478.html

  Its rare for people to completely lose their sense of taste or smell. But noticeable and usually temporary changes to these senses are both a common side effect of some types of cancer treatment and a tell-tale sign of a COVID-19 infection. […] Our senses of taste and smell are so intricately linked that when you lose your sense of smell, it can often feel like youve also lost your ability to taste. […] When your ability to perceive flavor is limited, the way foods feel while being chewed can take on a much greater significance. […] Some patients with smell- or taste-related deficits have a hard time dealing with the texture of meat. Many report that red meat in particular tastes metallic. […] Some patients with issues related to smell and taste find that chilled or frozen foods taste better to them than warm or hot foods.

• #1 What Happens to Your Health When You Can’t Smell | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/the-surprising-health-risks-of-losing-your-sense-of-smell

  When patients come to us with problems with smell, one of the first things we do is remind them of safety concerns, Dr. Chang said. Things that we take for granted, such as the smell of a gas leak or the smell of rotten food, can pose a significant danger to those without smell. […] But it’s not just safety issues that are problems for people who can’t smell. Scents are associated with pleasure, memories and emotional connection. Losing that connection can lead to depression. […] If your loss of smell is permanent, your provider can help you connect with resources, support and online communities for people with anosmia. […] Talk to a health care provider if you notice changes in your sense of smell that aren’t going away. The inability to smell can lead to physical and mental health problems. But often, doctors can diagnose the cause and treat the condition affecting your sense of smell.

• #1 43% of respondents report feeling depressed after losing sense of smell or taste related to COVID-19 – VCU News – Virginia Commonwealth University

  https://news.vcu.edu/article/43_of_respondents_report_feeling_depressed_after_losing_sense

  A patient uses an inhaler. Loss of smell and taste, a common symptom of COVID-19, can take a toll on quality of life and safety for COVID-19 survivors, a new study researchers at VCU Health’s Smell and Tastes Disorders Center. […] The loss of smell or taste for COVID-19 survivors who experience those symptoms frequently leads to depression, a loss of appetite and a decreased enjoyment of life, according to an ongoing Virginia Commonwealth University study. […] In the study of quality of life and safety for those with loss of smell or taste related to COVID-19, 43% of participants reported feeling depressed. […] People who have had smell or taste loss are exposed to these risks of having personal safety events, depression or reduced quality of life, Reiter said, so its important for their health care providers to have real discussions with people about what they can or should do to compensate for their loss, whether its short term or long term.

• #1 Anosmia (Loss of Smell) | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/anosmia-loss-of-smell.html

  Anosmia (total loss of smell) and hyposmia (partial loss of smell) can result from many conditions, medications, and infections. We understand that anosmia can significantly impact your quality of life. Our team determines the cause of smell disorders so we can provide effective treatments. […] Usually, anosmia and hyposmia improve once doctors have treated the cause. In some cases, loss of smell can be permanent. If you notice symptoms of anosmia, it is important to seek treatment right away. Delaying treatment may result in permanent smell loss. […] Treatments may include changing medications, treating an infection (such as COVID-19), smell retraining therapy, or surgery to remove a blockage. Our world-renowned team has unparalleled expertise in smell disorders. Your care team will work with you to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

• #1 Smell – impaired Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/smell-impaired

  Impaired smell is the partial or total loss or abnormal perception of the sense of smell. […] The loss of smell can occur with conditions that prevent air from reaching smell receptors located high in the nose, or loss of or injury to the smell receptors. Loss of smell is not serious, but can sometimes be a sign of a nervous system condition. […] Treating the cause of the problem may correct the lost sense of smell. Treatment can include: Antihistamines (if the condition is due to an allergy), Changes in medicine, Surgery to correct blockages, Treatment of other disorders, Olfactory retraining therapy using familiar odors can help improve the sense of smell in a minority of patients. […] If you lose your sense of smell, you may have changes in taste. Adding highly seasoned foods to your diet can help stimulate the taste sensations that you still have. […] There is no treatment for loss of smell due to aging. […] Contact your health care provider if: The loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] If the loss of sense of smell is caused by a stuffy nose (nasal congestion), decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

• #1 Smell Retraining Therapy – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/smell-retraining-therapy/

  Smell retraining therapy (SRT) is a treatment for loss of smell, also referred to as hyposmia or anosmia. […] SRT is believed to work as a combination of the unique ability for smell nerves to regrow while encouraging improved brain connectivity. […] Most of the studies on SRT have been done on patients with post-viral (i.e., after a cold or upper respiratory infection) smell loss. […] If you are not in that group, it may be beneficial to consider trying SRT. Even if it is not helpful, it will not worsen the problem. […] A study conducted by researchers at Stanford University showed that SRT worked better when paired with sinus rinses that included steroids.

• #1 Regaining your sense of taste and smell after COVID-19 | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-and-taste-after-covid-19/

  Its unlikely, since COVID-19 doesnt appear to damage olfactory nerves or taste buds directly it only affects the cells that support your olfactory nerves. […] Your ability to smell and taste will most likely come back on their own after a while. […] If changes to your sense of smell stick around longer than your other COVID-19 symptoms, it might be caused by inflammation in your nose. […] Its also possible that your brain may have forgotten how to smell. […] Smell therapy can help the process involves smelling different strong scents for at least 20 seconds while thinking about memories and experiences involving the scent. […] It may take a long time to start noticing improvements in your taste and smell. […] Theyll also conduct an exam or order any tests that can help understand your condition and make the best treatment plan.

• #1 Anosmia / Smell disorders

  https://www.entuk.org/patients/conditions/81/anosmia_smell_disorders/

  Increasing age, Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease typically result in more permanent loss or a continually worsening sense of smell. […] Being able to smell is an important way we keep ourselves safe. […] You should be aware of the situations where you may not be able to detect day-to-day hazards, and try to reduce these risks: […] Smell training should be performed every day for at least 2 – 3 months to improve your current sense of smell and re-learn different smells. […] The following supplements have not been officially proven to improve your sense of smell, but it may be worth considering as low-risk treatments for some forms of smell disorders.

• #1 How we lose our sense of smell, and how it’s treated

  https://stanmed.stanford.edu/sense-smell-health/

  The standard treatments for the loss of smell often take months to work — if they do at all. Her patients’ despair has spurred Patel to develop a faster, more successful solution: injections of a substance derived from the patient’s own blood. She is urging other smell specialists to learn what she says is a simple protocol. […] Nearly half of people with smell loss also experience phantosmia or parosmia. […] According to one study, 40% to 76% of patients with smell loss also have depression. The more significant the smell impairment, the more severe the depression. […] “If you can imagine not being able to enjoy that, or in some situations feeling repulsed by it, you can imagine why people withdraw and socially isolate.” […] After searching for and trying all manner of treatments — from supplements to an injection of anesthetics to nerves in her neck — Colon found Patel’s clinical trial. […] Last year, Patel published the results of a small clinical trial, which found that 57% of patients receiving the PRP injections reported clinically significant improvement in their ability to smell.

• #1 Patients with loss of smell or taste face poor treatment | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/respiratory/patients-with-lose-of-smell-or-taste-face-poor-treatment/

  Patients with loss of smell or taste face poor treatment. […] Healthcare professionals are not giving adequate treatment to people with smell and taste disorders because of poor understanding of these conditions, a study has revealed. […] Loss of smell and taste can arise as a result of infection or injury, a side-effect of some medications or as a consequence of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimers or Parkinsons. […] As many as one in ten people report that their sense of smell has not returned to normal, four weeks after contracting the virus. […] Only around 20% of patients surveyed who were being treated for smell and taste disorders experienced an improvement in symptoms following treatment. Almost all of the participants (98%) reporting that their quality of life had been affected since losing their sense of smell or taste, with 60% of patients suffering from anxiety or depression as a consequence of symptoms.

• #1 Diminished Olfaction Impacts Radiotherapy Patients’ Wellbeing: Here’s How to Help – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/chemo-radiotherapy-olfaction-impacts-radiotherapy-patient-well-being-treatment-risk/

  If dysosmia or dysgeusia occur, conduct a follow-up olfactory function evaluation and administer a dietary intake survey to assess dietary changes or changed dietary preferences. Revisit the importance of nutritional status and management strategies. […] Good oral hygiene can help minimize the nutritional impacts of dysgeusia.

• #1 43% of respondents report feeling depressed after losing sense of smell or taste related to COVID-19 – VCU News – Virginia Commonwealth University

  https://news.vcu.edu/article/43_of_respondents_report_feeling_depressed_after_losing_sense

  A VCU survey of 322 respondents shows the prevalence of quality of life issues for COVID-19 survivors with loss of smell or taste, with respondents reporting less enjoyment of food (87%), reduced enjoyment of life (56%) and weight loss (37%). […] Respondents also reported loss of appetite (55%) and weight loss (37%) as a result of loss of taste or smell. […] Trying to find different combinations of spices to appeal to your intact taste buds, since your sense of smell isnt giving you that information, could continue to allow the food to be palatable. […] There are simple things that oftentimes go neglected when were taking our sense of smell for granted: Making sure our smoke detectors are checked and the batteries are changed regularly or dating perishable food items so that for things sitting in the back of the refrigerator you know for a fact that theyre two days instead of two weeks old and have gone bad, Reiter said.

• #1 Anosmia (loss of smell) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/anosmia-loss-of-smell

  Anosmia is the medical term for the loss of smell. […] Loss of smell can be caused by many things, such as injury and COVID-19. […] If you have anosmia, and you experience a loss of appetite or depression, talk to your doctor. […] If you notice a change in your sense of smell, see your doctor. […] Treatment depends on why you lost your sense of smell. […] If you have anosmia, you may find that food tastes bland. This can affect your life, particularly if your family and social life revolves around meals. This can impact your appetite. […] Because of these reasons, having anosmia can negatively impact your mental health. […] If you feel depressed, speak to your doctor or call Beyond Blue on 1300 22 4636.

• #1 Anosmia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482152/

  Anosmia is the inability to perceive smell/odor. It can be temporary or permanent and acquired or congenital. There are many causes. Neurological causes can include disturbances to the sensory nerves that make up the olfactory bulb or anywhere along the path in which the signal of smell is transferred to the brain. […] This activity describes the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of anosmia and highlights the role of team-based interprofessional care for affected patients. […] Anosmia is said to be one of the early symptoms of COVID-19 infection. […] Anosmia amongst patients can have safety implications as those without the ability to smell might miss important warning odors such as smoke from a fire or natural gas leaks. […] Because of the diverse cause of anosmia, an interprofessional team should be involved that includes an internist, endocrinologist, neurologist, ENT surgeon, a rheumatologist, and an infectious disease specialist. Anosmia is a symptom of a disease process, which needs to be treated. […] For olfactory impairment caused by damage to the olfactory neurons due to trauma, there is no specific treatment. However, olfactory neurons do have the ability to regenerate. Regeneration can span over the course of days to years, and complete recovery is not a guarantee. The overall prognosis for patients with anosmia is good as long as the primary condition has a cure or can be treated.

• #1 A Change in Smell After COVID-19 Infection: What You Need to Know | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2022/09/change-smell-after-covid-19-infection-what-you-need-know

  Patients usually improve slowly with time. About 65 percent of people with COVID-19-induced parosmia or hyposmia regain these senses by about 18 months, while 80-90 percent regain these senses by two years. […] If you lose your sense of smell or have a reduction in your sense of smell while you have COVID-19, you are more likely to develop a disturbance in your sense of smell later. […] There are no guaranteed treatments for post-COVID-19 parosmia. However, some therapies may help some patients. […] Losing your sense of smell or having a change in your sense of smell is not going to directly cause you harm, but it can increase your risk of some potentially harmful things, such as food poisoning. […] Having persistent parosmia can potentially increase the risk for anxiety and depression. It’s important to seek help to treat those associated issues.

• #1 COVID-19 and loss of smell: what we know : Oregon Health News Blog

  https://covidblog.oregon.gov/covid-19-and-loss-of-smell-what-we-know/

  The mental impact of loss of smell varies, but in some cases can be extreme. Lack of sensory input from smell can dull the world around you. And some people may not lose their sense of smell, but rather their sense of smell gets distorted. When that happens, otherwise normal odors can smell terrible to them, making it difficult to enjoy food or everyday experiences. […] Another concern for those who have lost their sense of smell is safety. Our sense of smell helps keep us safe, in ways we may take for granted. […] Medical treatments for smell loss or distortion are still in development, but anyone can practice smell training therapy at home. […] Smell training therapy is not invasive, relatively inexpensive and has probably the best evidence behind it, Smith said. It consists of spending a few minutes each day, a couple of times a day, smelling two or three or even more essential oils. […] The longer someone experiences smell loss or distortion, the more challenging it can be to reverse. Dr. Smith recommends patients seek care and start at-home smell training therapy soon after their sense of smell has been affected.

• #1 Loss of Smell – A Hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia – Lewy Body Dementia Association

  https://www.lbda.org/blog/loss-of-smell-a-hallmark-of-parkinsons-disease-and-lewy-body-dementia/

  Loss of the sense of smell, called hyposmia, can be caused by any number of medical conditions. It can precede other symptoms Lewy body dementia. But because it is also a symptom of Parkinsons disease (PD) and Alzheimers disease (AD), by itself it is not a warning sign of LBD. […] However, most people who have Parkinsons disease have at least partially lost their sense of smell. Many people come to the realization that they began to lose their sense of smell many years before receiving a diagnosis of PD. […] It is not especially common for doctors to ask patients about their sense of smell, nor for patients to volunteer this information. Therefore, hyposmia often goes undetected and thus is under-recognized as a symptom of Parkinsons disease and LBD. […] There is not really anything anyone can do about a lost sense of smell. Unfortunately, because smell is linked to taste, losing the sense of smell might cause a loss of appetite as well. This can lead to problems maintaining weight.

• #1 Loss of Smell – A Hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia – Lewy Body Dementia Association

  https://www.lbda.org/blog/loss-of-smell-a-hallmark-of-parkinsons-disease-and-lewy-body-dementia/

  Ideally, physicians would inquire about a loss of sense of smell and explore the possibility of Parkinsons disease by performing or ordering additional tests. The symptom could be a valuable tool for earlier diagnosis, which can lead to therapeutic intervention. Better treatment is possible if PD is diagnosed early on, because of smell loss or another lesser symptom instead of the typical tremor and slowness of movement.

• #1 Loss of Smell in the Elderly – AgingCare.com

  https://www.agingcare.com/articles/when-elderly-lose-sense-of-smell-133880.htm

  Dulling of the senses, such as sight, smell, hearing and taste, is a common, naturally occurring phenomenon. The prevalence of changes in sense of smell increases with age. […] While changes in sense of smell are a minor annoyance for most people, they can affect a seniors eating habits, health and quality of life. […] A persons sense of smell declines gradually over time, especially after age 70. This phenomenon is called presbyosmia and is not preventable. […] However, medical researchers from Australia have found that true age-related olfactory decline appears to be much more gradual and less prevalent among healthy seniors without other risk factors for smell disorders. […] In some cases, a loss of smell can indicate the presence of a new or worsening underlying health condition.

• #1 Loss of Smell in the Elderly – AgingCare.com

  https://www.agingcare.com/articles/when-elderly-lose-sense-of-smell-133880.htm

  It is crucial to seek medical advice immediately regarding any changes in neurological function, such as smell. […] A diminished or distorted sense of smell can deprive a senior of such reminiscent experiences and interfere with their ability to enjoy seemingly minor sensory encounters that are integral to enjoyment of ones daily life. […] Although there is no treatment for true presbyosmia (loss of smell with age), relief from smell disorders stemming from other causes is possible for many older people.

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/StudentNurse/comments/py0wfc/no_sense_of_smell_disqualifies_from_nursing/

  My husband has no sense of smell, but wants to pursue nursing. Is this a deal breaker or something that is tested by nursing schools? A nurse friend told him she had a smelling test during her early days at nursing school.

• #1 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/nursing/comments/1id6r2/i_have_no_sense_of_smell_can_i_still_become_a/

  I was born without a sense of smell, but I’ve wanted to be a nurse since I was 14. Is it possible for me to still become a nurse and if so, are there things I won’t be able to do because I have no sense of smell?

• #1 Patients with loss of smell or taste face poor treatment | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/respiratory/patients-with-lose-of-smell-or-taste-face-poor-treatment/

  This research highlights that a greater focus needs to be dedicated to patients with smell or taste loss. […] The research team stated that there is an unmet need for these patients in accessing health care which needs to be recognised in order to remove barriers to treatment. […] More attention and resources need to be provided for this group of patients that has increased significantly following the Covid-19 pandemic.

• #2 Anosmia (Loss of Smell): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21859-anosmia-loss-of-sense-of-smell

  Anosmia is when you cant detect odors. Its usually a temporary side effect from a cold or sinus infection that goes away when your cold or sinus infection clears. But sometimes anosmia may be symptom of other, more serious medical issues like diabetes or traumatic brain injury. […] Anosmia may be a side effect of many common medical issues, including conditions that block your nose or interfere with signals sent from your special scent cells to your brain. […] In most cases, treating the underlying condition improves your sense of smell. For example, if you have sinusitis, antibiotics can help clear up the infection. […] Anosmia means youve lost your sense of smell. Often, its a side effect of common medical issues like colds, seasonal allergies or polyps in your nose. Your sense of smell usually comes back once the underlying issue goes away or you receive treatment. Sometimes anosmia doesn’t go away. That’s when you should talk to a healthcare provider because it may be a symptom of serious medical conditions like diabetes or a brain injury.

• #2 Healthy aging

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/expert-answers/loss-of-taste-and-smell/faq-20058455

  Some loss of taste and smell is natural with aging, especially after age 60. […] Loss of taste and smell can have a significant impact on quality of life. It often leads to decreased appetite and poor nutrition. It can sometimes contribute to depression. Loss of taste and smell also might tempt you to use excess salt or sugar on your food to enhance the taste. This could be a problem if you have high blood pressure or diabetes. […] If you’re experiencing loss of taste and smell, see your health care provider. Some causes of impaired taste and smell are treatable. […] Most people who have loss of taste and smell associated with COVID-19 disease report seeing improvements in their symptoms in a few weeks. However, for some, loss of taste and smell may linger for months. […] If your symptoms don’t improve after treating the cause of your loss of taste and smell, your health care provider may recommend smell training therapy. This therapy involves smelling four different scents for about 10 to 20 seconds twice a day for at least three months. Your health care provider might also recommend strategies to help you cope with loss of taste and smell. […] If necessary, your health care provider might recommend consulting an allergist, an ear, nose and throat specialist (otolaryngologist), a neurologist, or other specialist.

• #2 Dysosmia (Disordered Smell Perception): Definition & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22779-dysosmia-disordered-smell-perception

  Dysosmia refers to a change in your ability to smell. […] Dysosmia is a symptom of many different conditions. If your smell changes last longer than a week or two, see your healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and diagnosis. […] Dysosmia usually isn’t permanent and goes away within months. The duration depends on the underlying condition that caused your smell changes. […] In many cases, dysosmia spontaneously goes away on its own. Other times, dysosmia treatment depends on the underlying cause. For example, your healthcare provider may surgically remove nasal polyps or prescribe antibiotics for a sinus infection. […] Some experts believe that smell retraining therapy (SRT) may help. In SRT, you smell strong scents several times a day for several months to help your brain relearn how to smell.

• #2 Anosmia – loss of smell | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/anosmia-loss-of-smell

  Anosmia means loss of the sense of smell, while hyposmia means reduced smell sensitivity. […] There are numerous medications, diseases, hormonal disturbances and chemicals that can disrupt the sense of smell, sometimes permanently. […] Anosmia means loss of the sense of smell, while hyposmia means reduced smell sensitivity. […] However, different factors that are known to interfere with the smell sense include: […] The nerve cells servicing the olfactory epithelium are unique to the nervous system. Unlike nerve cells anywhere else in the body, the olfactory neurons are able to recover or regenerate after injury. This means that incidences of anosmia can be temporary.

• #2 Impaired Smell: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/smell-impaired

  Impaired smell is the inability to smell properly. It can describe a complete inability to smell, or the partial inability to smell. Its a symptom of several medical conditions and may be temporary or permanent. […] Loss of smell can occur due to problems in the nose, brain, or nervous system. Call your doctor if you have difficulty smelling. In certain cases, its a sign of a more serious underlying issue. […] Impaired smell can be temporary or permanent. Temporary loss of smell usually occurs along with allergies or bacterial or viral infections, such as: nasal allergies, influenza, colds, hay fever. […] Other conditions that can cause impaired smell include: dementia (memory loss), such as Alzheimers, neurological disorders like Parkinsons disease or Huntingtons disease, tumors in the brain, malnutrition, nasal tumors or surgeries, head injuries, sinusitis (sinus infection), radiation therapy, viral upper respiratory infections, hormonal disturbances, nasal decongestant use.

• #2 Anosmia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482152/

  Anosmia is the inability to perceive smell/odor. It can be temporary or permanent and acquired or congenital. There are many causes. Neurological causes can include disturbances to the sensory nerves that make up the olfactory bulb or anywhere along the path in which the signal of smell is transferred to the brain. […] This activity describes the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of anosmia and highlights the role of team-based interprofessional care for affected patients. […] Anosmia is said to be one of the early symptoms of COVID-19 infection. […] Anosmia amongst patients can have safety implications as those without the ability to smell might miss important warning odors such as smoke from a fire or natural gas leaks. […] Because of the diverse cause of anosmia, an interprofessional team should be involved that includes an internist, endocrinologist, neurologist, ENT surgeon, a rheumatologist, and an infectious disease specialist. Anosmia is a symptom of a disease process, which needs to be treated. […] For olfactory impairment caused by damage to the olfactory neurons due to trauma, there is no specific treatment. However, olfactory neurons do have the ability to regenerate. Regeneration can span over the course of days to years, and complete recovery is not a guarantee. The overall prognosis for patients with anosmia is good as long as the primary condition has a cure or can be treated.

• #2 Anosmia: Definition, symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-is-anosmia

  Anosmia is the inability or decreased ability to smell. It can be permanent or temporary, depending on the cause. […] Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers disease, may cause a loss of the sense of smell. […] If people living with neurodegenerative diseases recognize a loss of the sense of smell, they should seek medical evaluation as soon as possible. Sometimes anosmia is the earliest sign of neurodegenerative diseases. […] People living with anosmia may experience a lower quality of life related to social interactions, eating, and feelings of well-being. […] When deciding on the most appropriate treatment for a person living with anosmia, doctors must choose a therapy that matches the cause. […] People with post-traumatic olfactory disorders resulting from a head injury may also benefit from smell training.

• #2 9 Reasons You Might Be Losing Your Sense of Smell

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/ear-nose-and-throat/9-reasons-you-might-be-losing-your-sense-of-smell

  Exposure to harsh chemicals, like insecticides or solvents that can burn the inside of the nose, may permanently damage your nasal tissue and odor sensors. […] Some people are simply born with little or no sense of smell. […] Because the loss of smell can be caused by so many different conditions, many of which are brain related, it’s important to be checked by your doctor if you ever notice your nose not working as well as it used to.

• #2 Anosmia (Loss of Smell) | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/anosmia-loss-of-smell.html

  Anosmia and hyposmia can affect people of any age or gender, but smell disorders are more common in men. […] Anosmia is a common symptom of COVID-19 and long COVID. Many other viral infections can also cause this condition. Usually, the sense of smell returns in a few weeks, but it can take months or even longer to return. […] Hyposmia and anosmia are often early signs of these disorders. […] Some drugs can cause anosmia, including antihistamines and nasal decongestants. The risk increases with long-term use of these medications. Exposure to toxic chemicals, such as insecticides, can also affect smell. […] People who receive radiation therapy for head and neck cancer may experience anosmia following treatment.

• #2 Loss of Smell in the Elderly – AgingCare.com

  https://www.agingcare.com/articles/when-elderly-lose-sense-of-smell-133880.htm

  Dulling of the senses, such as sight, smell, hearing and taste, is a common, naturally occurring phenomenon. The prevalence of changes in sense of smell increases with age. […] While changes in sense of smell are a minor annoyance for most people, they can affect a seniors eating habits, health and quality of life. […] A persons sense of smell declines gradually over time, especially after age 70. This phenomenon is called presbyosmia and is not preventable. […] However, medical researchers from Australia have found that true age-related olfactory decline appears to be much more gradual and less prevalent among healthy seniors without other risk factors for smell disorders. […] In some cases, a loss of smell can indicate the presence of a new or worsening underlying health condition.

• #2 Smell and Taste Disorders in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1215/p852.html

  Patients should be asked about medical history of allergic rhinitis or chronic rhinosinusitis (with or without nasal polyps), as well as symptoms of nasal congestion, obstruction, or rhinorrhea. […] A medication history can identify use of agents implicated in smell and taste disorders. […] Given the high prevalence of sinonasal disease in olfactory disorders, anterior rhinoscopy should be done to evaluate for nasal polyposis, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and other conditions. […] Olfactory loss is correlated with increasing frequency of upper respiratory infections. […] The severity of sinonasal disease also correlates with the degree of olfactory loss, increasing throughout the continuum of allergic rhinitis, to chronic rhinosinusitis, to nasal polyps. […] Head trauma is a well-recognized cause of olfactory loss.

• #2 Smell – impaired: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003052.htm

  Impaired smell is the partial or total loss or abnormal perception of the sense of smell. […] The loss of smell can occur with conditions that prevent air from reaching smell receptors located high in the nose, or loss of or injury to the smell receptors. Loss of smell is not serious, but can sometimes be a sign of a nervous system condition. […] Treating the cause of the problem may correct the lost sense of smell. Treatment can include: […] Olfactory retraining therapy using familiar odors can help improve the sense of smell in a minority of patients. […] If you lose your sense of smell, you may have changes in taste. Adding highly seasoned foods to your diet can help stimulate the taste sensations that you still have. […] There is no treatment for loss of smell due to aging. […] If you have a loss of smell due to a recent upper respiratory infection, be patient. The sense of smell often returns to normal without treatment. […] Contact your health care provider if: The loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] The provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and current symptoms.

• #2 Anosmia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/anosmia-loss-of-smell

  Most of us take our sense of smell for granted. But have you ever thought about what it would be like to not be able to smell something? The complete loss of smell is called anosmia (an-OHZ-me-uh). Without your sense of smell, food tastes different, you can’t smell the scent of a flower, and you could find yourself in a dangerous situation, unknowingly. For example, without the ability to detect odors, you wouldn’t smell a gas leak, smoke from a fire, or sour milk. […] But for some people, including many elderly, the loss of a sense of smell may persist. In addition, anosmia can be a sign of a more serious medical condition. Any ongoing problems with smell should be checked out by a doctor. […] If you experience a loss of smell that you can’t attribute to a cold or allergy or which doesn’t get better after a week or two, tell your doctor. Your doctor can take a look inside your nose with a special instrument to see if a polyp or growth is impairing your ability to smell or if an infection is present.

• #2 Anosmia (Loss of Smell) | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/anosmia-loss-of-smell.html

  Anosmia (total loss of smell) and hyposmia (partial loss of smell) can result from many conditions, medications, and infections. We understand that anosmia can significantly impact your quality of life. Our team determines the cause of smell disorders so we can provide effective treatments. […] Usually, anosmia and hyposmia improve once doctors have treated the cause. In some cases, loss of smell can be permanent. If you notice symptoms of anosmia, it is important to seek treatment right away. Delaying treatment may result in permanent smell loss. […] Treatments may include changing medications, treating an infection (such as COVID-19), smell retraining therapy, or surgery to remove a blockage. Our world-renowned team has unparalleled expertise in smell disorders. Your care team will work with you to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

• #2 Loss of Smell (Anosmia) | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/loss-of-smell

  A partial or complete loss of smell (ansomia) is when the odor receptors in your nose cant detect scents. A loss of smell can affect taste and overall appetite. It can also be dangerous, as you may not be able to tell if youre breathing polluted air or even eating spoiled food. […] Anosmia is usually diagnosed by an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist. At your appointment, the specialist will ask you about your symptoms, examine your nose, and run tests to determine the extent of your loss of smell. In some cases, a CT (computed tomography) scan may be necessary. […] In most cases, treating the underlying condition can help restore your sense of smell. For example, if you have sinusitis, antibiotics may help clear up the infection. If certain medications are affecting your sense of smell, switching to a different medication may help. If you have nasal polyps or another type of blockage, surgery may be necessary. […] Your healthcare provider can help determine any underlying conditions and recommend the right treatment.

• #2 Coping with the loss of smell and taste – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/coping-with-the-loss-of-sense-of-smell-and-taste-2020101921141

  As I cut a slice of lemon for my tea one morning last March, I found that I could not detect the familiar zing of citrus. Nor, it turned out, could I taste the peach jam on my toast. Overnight, my senses of smell and taste seemed to have disappeared. […] According to US News and World Report, 86% of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 over six million people, all told reported problems with their sense of smell, while a similar percentage had changes in taste perception. […] The loss of smell and taste can also affect our health, causing poor appetite and undesired weight loss. No longer able to enjoy food, patients with anosmia may no longer eat enough, or skip meals altogether. […] All these impacts help explain why recent studies have linked post-COVID anosmia to depression and anxiety.

• #2 How Smell and Taste Changes as You Age – Majestic Care

  https://www.majesticcare.com/smell-and-taste-as-you-age/

  Smell is an important sense. Certain smells, such as your dads cologne, can help you recall a memory. Other smells, like smoke from a fire, can alert you to danger. When you cant smell things you enjoy, such as your morning coffee or spring flowers, life may seem dull. As you age, your sense of smell may fade. When you cant smell, food may taste bland and it might be more difficult to tell if it has spoiled. You may experience trouble with cooking or even lose interest in eating. Long-term loss of smell can affect your mood and quality of life. […] Some injuries and illnesses can cause a long-lasting loss of smell. A head injury, for example, might damage the nerves related to smell. Losing your sense of smell may also be a sign of a more serious medical condition or neurodegenerative disease, a condition marked by the brain and nerves losing function over time, such as Parkinsons or Alzheimers disease. Be sure to tell your doctor about any change in your sense of smell.

• #2 Lost or changed sense of smell

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/lost-or-changed-sense-of-smell/

  A change in your sense of smell can be unpleasant and affect how things taste. But it is not usually serious and may get better in a few weeks or months. […] Your sense of smell may go back to normal in a few weeks or months. […] Treating the cause might help. For example, steroid nasal sprays or drops might help if you have sinusitis or nasal polyps. […] A treatment called smell training can also help some people. […] Sometimes changes in sense of smell cannot be treated and may be permanent. […] If you have lost your sense of smell, you may not be able to smell things like gas leaks, fires and food that has gone off.

• #2 How we lose our sense of smell, and how it’s treated

  https://stanmed.stanford.edu/sense-smell-health/

  Among the human senses, smell — or more formally, olfaction — is often considered the most dispensable. But for people who’ve found themselves suddenly unable to smell — a more common predicament since the COVID-19 pandemic — the loss can be surprisingly, profoundly devastating. Zara Patel, MD, a sinus and skull base surgeon and smell specialist at Stanford Medicine, has dedicated her practice to our most underappreciated sense. She sees the effect of its absence in her patients. “People tell me, ‘My life has gone gray. It’s really difficult to find joy in my life anymore,’” she said. “Some might think, why is it that big of a deal?” […] More than 1 in 5 Americans has experienced smell loss since the start of the pandemic. The surge has led to a closer look at the underdog sense and its intimate ties to brain health. Smell dysfunction is linked with depression and anxiety. A sudden loss of smell might be the earliest sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson’s, detectable long before any cognitive deficits appear.

• #2 Smell – impaired Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/smell-impaired

  Impaired smell is the partial or total loss or abnormal perception of the sense of smell. […] The loss of smell can occur with conditions that prevent air from reaching smell receptors located high in the nose, or loss of or injury to the smell receptors. Loss of smell is not serious, but can sometimes be a sign of a nervous system condition. […] Treating the cause of the problem may correct the lost sense of smell. Treatment can include: Antihistamines (if the condition is due to an allergy), Changes in medicine, Surgery to correct blockages, Treatment of other disorders, Olfactory retraining therapy using familiar odors can help improve the sense of smell in a minority of patients. […] If you lose your sense of smell, you may have changes in taste. Adding highly seasoned foods to your diet can help stimulate the taste sensations that you still have. […] There is no treatment for loss of smell due to aging. […] Contact your health care provider if: The loss of smell continues or is getting worse. […] If the loss of sense of smell is caused by a stuffy nose (nasal congestion), decongestants or antihistamines may be prescribed.

• #2 Impaired Smell: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/smell-impaired

  Certain prescription medications, like antibiotics and high blood pressure medications, can also alter your sense of taste or smell. […] If you have an impaired sense of smell, call your doctor before using over-the-counter (OTC) treatment products. […] Impaired smell caused by a viral or bacterial infection is often short-lived. If you have a bacterial infection, you may be given antibiotics to speed up the healing process. This will help to restore smell. […] If a neurological disease, tumor, or other disorder causes your impaired smell, youll receive treatment for the underlying condition. Some cases of impaired smell may be permanent. […] Theres no sure way to prevent the loss of smell. You can minimize the risk of contracting colds or bacterial infections by taking the following steps: Wash your hands frequently throughout the day. Wash your hands after touching public areas. When possible, avoid people who have colds or the flu. […] Be familiar with the possible side effects of all of your prescription medications. Side effects printed in the leaflet material may include impaired smell.

• #2 How Can I Get My Sense of Smell back? – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/how-can-i-get-my-sense-of-smell-back/

  If your loss of smell (anosmia) or significant reduction in smell (hyposmia) is determined to be chronic, this may be due to direct damage to the nerves that sense smell in the nose. […] Smell Retraining Therapy (SRT) may be an option. […] SRT sounds a little silly, but there is real research to show that it can improve your sense of smell if performed correctly. […] SRT was developed by Dr. Hummel, in 2009 as a way of reconnecting damaged nerve receptors in your nose to the part of the brain that processes smell. […] Patients who did better tended to be younger patients who began therapy sooner after losing their smell. […] Simply put, SRT involves smelling very pure forms of a smell (usually from an essential oil) multiple times per day while focusing on what that item should smell like.

• #2 How to Get Your Sense of Smell and Taste Back

  https://www.medicalcenterent.com/blog/how-to-get-your-sense-of-smell-and-taste-back-24799.html

  Loss of smell and taste are symptoms that have been observed with viral upper respiratory infections in the past, and theyve been shown to appear much more frequently in people infected by COVID-19. […] While there are no proven medical therapies thusfar to aid in reacquiring smell and taste lost from COVID-19, there are studies showing recovery from loss of smell from other viruses. Recovery appears to be improved by smell re-training and nasal steroids. […] Smell training helps speed recovery in some patients. […] Smell training for many months works better than short-term training. Even past one year. […] Using nasal steroid sprays regularly while undergoing smell training helps improve further. […] Focus on remembering what the scent smelled like before their loss of smell. […] Engage in the smell re-training twice a day for the training period. […] Use nasal steroid spray every day while engaging in re-training.

• #2 How Can I Get My Sense of Smell back? – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/how-can-i-get-my-sense-of-smell-back/

  Perform focused smell training at least 2 times per day (the more the better). […] Do this daily for at least 12 weeks. […] A modification of this protocol (studied in 2015 by Dr. Hummel et al.) involved using more smells (12) for a long period of time (36 weeks) showed improved results. […] I do not think that the exact smells are as important as choosing a variety of smells that you are familiar with, or even better, that elicit an emotional response.

• #2 Anosmia Smell Loss Treatment Houston TX | Hyposmia Houston

  https://houstonadvancedsinus.com/rhinologic-conditions/anosmia-smell-loss/

  If your smell loss persists, he may recommend olfactory training, which is akin to physical therapy for your nose and can help people regain their smell when medication does not work. […] You should consider consulting an experienced Rhinologist if you experience sudden or persistent loss of smell without an obvious cause, if smell-loss is affecting your quality of life, or if it is associated with other concerning symptoms such as nasal congestion, pain, or changes in vision.

• #2 Developing New Treatments for Smell Loss | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/developing-new-treatments-smell-loss

  Most people lose their sense of smell at some point, but there are some who never get it back and, unfortunately, smell loss has no cure. Yet. […] People who have smell and taste issues need care just like people who have impairments in our other senses, like sight and hearing, says Jonathan Overdevest, MD, an expert in rhinology and minimally invasive skull base surgery. […] Currently, we use medications or surgical procedures to treat sinus disorders—the most correctable and common cause of smell loss. […] The best existing therapy is olfactory training (also called olfactory enrichment) in which a person regularly smells known odors while remembering how they perceived the smell to enrich their sense of smell. […] People who have lost their sense of smell can contact us to be evaluated. […] Promoting a culture of awareness among the public, our research community, medical professionals, and policymakers will be the key to accelerating our understanding of smell loss and how we can go about correcting this sensory deficit.

• #2 Diminished Olfaction Impacts Radiotherapy Patients’ Wellbeing: Here’s How to Help – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/chemo-radiotherapy-olfaction-impacts-radiotherapy-patient-well-being-treatment-risk/

  Olfactory changes are particularly common among people with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Distorted or diminished olfaction also changes patients taste perceptions, potentially impacting their nutritional status. […] Without patient education, open communication, and monitoring, oncology nurses who are busy managing patients care and, more immediately, dangerous treatment toxicities may easily miss alterations in a patients sense of smell or taste. Diminished or distorted olfaction (dysosmia) and, indirectly, taste (dysgeusia) might seem trivial compared with anemia, mucositis, or radiation dermatitis. But treatment-associated dysosmia and dysgeusia can profoundly affect patients nutritional status, psychological well-being, and quality of life and in some cases, treatment outcomes.

• #2 Diminished Olfaction Impacts Radiotherapy Patients’ Wellbeing: Here’s How to Help – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/features/chemo-radiotherapy-olfaction-impacts-radiotherapy-patient-well-being-treatment-risk/

  Oncology nurses play a central role in educating patients about the possibility of dysosmia and dysgeusia, monitoring for signs and symptoms of these adverse effects, and helping to manage clinical impacts when they occur. […] Loss or distortion of olfaction and dysgeusia can contribute to social isolation, anxiety, and depression. […] Education about olfactory and oral health and function during and after radiotherapy prepares patients for possible issues and improves the odds of them alerting the care team to changes, which might better permit supportive care and maintain nutritional status. […] Encourage the patient to alert the care team as soon as they experience olfactory or taste alterations. […] Management strategies that are available should dysosmia or dysgeusia occur include oral hygiene; dietary modifications; and flavor enhancement with herbs, spices, or sauces to stimulate appetite.

• #2 Management of Loss of Sense of Smell (Anosmia) Associated with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) | Iowa Head and Neck Protocols

  https://gme.medicine.uiowa.edu/iowaprotocols/management-loss-sense-smell-anosmia-associated-covid-19-sars-cov-2-infection

  Management of Loss of Sense of Smell (Anosmia) Associated with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) […] Anosmia/dysgeusia is one of the earliest signatures of COVID-19 (Wagner 2020) […] He is here today for a new complaint and that is decreased smell and taste following a COVID infection earlier this year. Formal testing confirms decrease in his sense of smell. […] We will start him on olfactory retraining. […] While data is still being collected on this particular disease sequelae, one study showed that no patient remained anosmic though up to one third of cases had some residual dysfunction at 6 to 8 weeks of symptom onset (Moein 2020).

• #2 Why your sense of smell is important to your health | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/why-your-sense-of-smell-is-important-to-your-health

  A loss of smell also throws off your sense of taste. […] A loss of smell can leave you vulnerable to dangerous events such as fires and gas leaks. […] If you notice a diminished smell or a change in how your food tastes, make an appointment with your primary care provider, who can perform a scratch and sniff smell identification test to evaluate your symptoms. […] If you’ve lost your sense of smell temporarily, things may smell different when the sense returns. […] The good news is that there are treatment options to help you regain your full sense of smell, including: […] Researchers are also working to find new ways of activating the sense of smell for people with anosmia.

• #2 What Happens to Your Health When You Can’t Smell | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/the-surprising-health-risks-of-losing-your-sense-of-smell

  When patients come to us with problems with smell, one of the first things we do is remind them of safety concerns, Dr. Chang said. Things that we take for granted, such as the smell of a gas leak or the smell of rotten food, can pose a significant danger to those without smell. […] But it’s not just safety issues that are problems for people who can’t smell. Scents are associated with pleasure, memories and emotional connection. Losing that connection can lead to depression. […] If your loss of smell is permanent, your provider can help you connect with resources, support and online communities for people with anosmia. […] Talk to a health care provider if you notice changes in your sense of smell that aren’t going away. The inability to smell can lead to physical and mental health problems. But often, doctors can diagnose the cause and treat the condition affecting your sense of smell.

• #2 Smell and Taste Disorders – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/surgery/otolaryngology/nose-and-sinus/smell-and-taste-disorders

  The loss of the senses of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) are the most common chemosensory disorders. […] A smell and taste disorder can be caused by: […] Specific treatment for smell and taste disorders is determined based on the extent of the disorder, your age, overall health and medical history, as well as your tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies. […] You will receive a thorough diagnostic examination to evaluate if you have a smell or taste disorder and determine what course of treatment is needed. […] Careful monitoring and the involvement of an experienced otolaryngologist are important to the successful outcome for patients with ear, nose and throat disorders and conditions. […] After surgery, you will go to the post-surgical care unit where you will receive comprehensive care by experienced surgical and nursing staff. […] Brigham and Womens Hospital provides a multidisciplinary approach to patient care by collaborating with colleagues who have extensive experience in diagnosing and treating ear, nose and throat disorders and conditions.

• #2 Regaining your sense of taste and smell after COVID-19 | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-and-taste-after-covid-19/

  COVID-19 can disrupt your senses, including your ability to taste and smell. But even after people recover, these senses dont always come back immediately or sometimes return in an unexpected way. […] Without taste and smell, its hard to feel like youre actually better. And if everything smells bad, that makes things even worse. […] Fortunately, changes to taste and smell arent forever for most people. Plus, there are treatments that may help speed recovery. […] When these support cells arent working correctly, it can block the olfactory nerves signals from getting to your brain, causing loss or change to your sense of smell. […] Because about 80% of what we taste comes from what we smell, loss of smell often leads to loss of taste. […] Anosmia is complete loss of smell and is often one of the earliest signs of a COVID-19 infection.

• #2 Regaining your sense of taste and smell after COVID-19 | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-and-taste-after-covid-19/

  If you have hyposmia, you may be able to smell some things but not others, so its possible you can have this condition without realizing it. […] If you find yourself wondering why everything smells disgusting, you may have parosmia after COVID-19. […] About 7% of people who have loss of taste and smell during COVID-19 end up with parosmia, according to one study. […] Loss of smell can be one of the most persistent symptoms of long COVID-19. […] Most people get better in a few weeks, but for some people, it can take longer sometimes over a year. […] In one study, about 25% of people who lost their sense of smell hadnt regained it within 60 days of getting sick. […] A distorted sense of smell typically appears two to three months after COVID-19, often when you thought you were mostly recovered.

• #2 Regaining your sense of taste and smell after COVID-19 | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/how-to-regain-sense-of-smell-and-taste-after-covid-19/

  Its unlikely, since COVID-19 doesnt appear to damage olfactory nerves or taste buds directly it only affects the cells that support your olfactory nerves. […] Your ability to smell and taste will most likely come back on their own after a while. […] If changes to your sense of smell stick around longer than your other COVID-19 symptoms, it might be caused by inflammation in your nose. […] Its also possible that your brain may have forgotten how to smell. […] Smell therapy can help the process involves smelling different strong scents for at least 20 seconds while thinking about memories and experiences involving the scent. […] It may take a long time to start noticing improvements in your taste and smell. […] Theyll also conduct an exam or order any tests that can help understand your condition and make the best treatment plan.

• #2 Parkinson’s and smell | Parkinson’s UK

  https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/information-and-support/your-magazine/experts/parkinsons-and-smell

  Loss or reduction of smell (anosmia) is common in Parkinsons, with up to 95% of people experiencing it to some degree. […] Loss of smell can affect people in different ways. We rely on our sense of smell to taste food, so reduced smell can lead to weight loss or weight gain. […] It can also affect your mood, relationships and overall quality of life. In addition, loss of smell can affect your safety. For example, being unable to smell food burning. […] Loss of smell is something of a hidden symptom, so talking to others and making them aware can help them to understand how you are affected.

• #2 How Does Our Sense of Smell Change With Age? – The Alden Network

  https://www.alden.com/how-does-our-sense-of-smell-change-with-age/

  When we think of sensory impairment in older adults, most of us think of problems with vision and hearing. But as we grow older, we can experience changes in our sense of smell, as well. […] One’s sense of smell gradually begins to decline from about the age of 55. […] Smell loss has been in the news a lot lately. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors noted that a loss of smell was a noticeable symptom. […] Loss of smell—called anosmia—can be a temporary condition, brought on by allergies, a cold, certain medications or medical treatments and, these days, COVID-19. But it might also be of long or permanent duration, being present at birth or caused by infections, injuries, tumors, problems with the bones of the nasal area or sinuses, or neurological conditions. […] Impaired ability to smell affects quality of life in several ways: Safety. Dr. Diego Restrepo of the University of Colorado School of Medicine warns that smell loss can keep seniors from detecting spoiled food, smoke, leaking gas or toxic vapors.

• #2 How Does Our Sense of Smell Change With Age? – The Alden Network

  https://www.alden.com/how-does-our-sense-of-smell-change-with-age/

  Dr. Restrepo cautions that as seniors lose their sense of smell, they are at greater risk of malnutrition, since food is appetizing due to smell as much as to taste. […] Research on the relationship between sensory loss and brain health has mostly focused on vision and hearing loss—and the connection is quite clear. Yet experts talking about the connection between dementia and loss of smell most often focus exclusively on anosmia as an early symptom, whereas loss of smell also contributes to a cognitive load, and stress that is bad for the brain. […] The inability to link smells to happy memories is also a problem. […] The UEA team noted that smell is intertwined with relationships, parenting, even a person’s confidence in their hygiene. They found that loss of smell can lead to „a diverse range of negative emotions including anger, anxiety, frustration, depression, isolation, loss of confidence, regret and sadness.”

• #2 Can’t Smell-Can I be a Nurse? – Career Advice: Ask Nurse Beth

  https://allnurses.com/cant-smell-can-i-nurse-t660510/

  When I was in my teens, I suffered a concussion and since then I have not had a sense of smell. […] It’s true you will be missing some olfactory cues. […] To answer your question Do you feel it will limit me in any way?- yes, it is a limitation but not a deal-breaker, depending on how badly you want to succeed and your willingness to work around your limitation. […] I also do not have much of a sense of smell. I never found it to be a hindrance, and as brownbook stated above, there will be other health professionals taking care of the patient to pick up on any strong odors. […] PLEASE don’t let a lack of sensing smell to stop you from being a nurse. […] I ended up working in Neurosurgery and then the Emergency Room. Which as the other’s have stated having no smell at times is beneficial. […] Although I agree, lack of smell should not be a deterrent to becoming a nurse if that is your desire.

• #2 Smell and Taste Disorders | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-clinics/smell-and-taste-disorders.html

  Losing your sense of smell or taste can significantly impact your quality of life. […] Our team has specialized expertise in diagnosing and treating smell and taste disorders. […] Numerous medical conditions, diseases, and other factors can lead to smell and taste disorders. […] Loss of smell can also be an early sign of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons. […] Our experienced team works with experts across Stanford Health Care to deliver an accurate diagnosis and comprehensive care. […] We specialize in helping people with taste disorders that result from an impaired sense of smell. […] Our team uses a comprehensive approach to treat: Anosmia: Total loss of smell, Hyposmia: Partial loss of smell, Parosmia: Scents smell different or distorted, Phantosmia: Smelling odors that arent actually there. […] Your wellness plays a role in the success of your treatment. […] Many people find it challenging to live with a smell or taste disorder. […] We offer support services for you and your loved ones that can help you stay strong throughout your treatment and recovery.

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