Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Acne: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/acne/?srsltid=AfmBOorDzAOND84nY_EX3rmdu2QhRYGM0iNN6au7G_NaUtAkTKh2tCAm

  Acne is a common disorder of the sebaceous glands, leading to inflammation and the development of skin lesions such as papules, pustules, and cystic nodules. […] Acne is diagnosed through a combination of clinical assessment and consideration of psychological and physical impacts: […] Evaluate the patient’s diet, family history, hormonal status, stress levels, and use of oily substances or acne-aggravating factors. […] Document the type and severity of acne, noting the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. […] Anxiety related to body image […] Low self-esteem due to altered skin integrity […] Impaired skin integrity linked to acne lesions […] Social isolation stemming from visible acne lesions […] Emphasize the importance of a consistent skincare routine and the proper use of prescribed medications

• #2 Acne: Types, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12233-acne

  Acne is a very common skin condition that causes pimples. Treatment is available to clear acne from your skin and prevent scarring. […] The medical term for acne is acne vulgaris. […] All of these forms of acne can affect your self-esteem, and both cystic and nodular acne can lead to permanent skin damage in the form of scarring. Its best to seek help from a healthcare provider early so they can determine the best treatment option(s) for you. […] Acne usually affects everyone at some point in their lifetime. […] Adult acne is more common among women. […] Acne is the most common skin condition that people experience. […] Acne can be mild and cause a few occasional pimples, or it can be moderate and cause inflammatory papules. Severe acne causes nodules and cysts. […] A general healthcare provider or a dermatologist can diagnose and treat acne. If you have stubborn acne that doesn’t improve with treatment, a dermatologist can help.

• #3 Acne – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm

  Acne is a skin condition that causes pimples or „zits.” Whiteheads (closed comedones), blackheads (open comedones), red, inflamed papules, and nodules or cysts may develop. These most often occur on the face, neck, upper trunk and upper arms. […] Acne occurs when tiny pores on the surface of the skin become clogged. The pores can become plugged by substances on the surface of the skin. More commonly they develop from a mixture of the natural oils of the skin and the dead cells shed from the inside of the pore. These plugs are called comedones. Acne is most common in teenagers. But anyone can get acne. […] Acne breakouts can be triggered by: Hormonal changes, Use of oily skin or hair care products, Certain medicines, Sweat, Humidity, Diet. […] To keep your pores from clogging and your skin from becoming too oily: Clean your skin gently with a mild, non-drying soap. It may help to use a wash with salicylic acid or benzoyl if your skin is oily and prone to acne. Remove all dirt or make up. Wash once or twice a day, and also after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated, frequent skin washing. Shampoo your hair daily, if it is oily. Comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face. Avoid using rubbing alcohol or toners that are very drying to the skin. Avoid oil-based cosmetics.

• #4 Acne – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/acne-self-care

  Acne vulgaris – self-care; Cystic acne – self-care; Pimples – self-care; Zits – self-care […] To keep your pores from clogging and your skin from becoming too oily: Clean your skin gently with a mild, non-drying soap. It may help to use a wash with salicylic acid or benzoyl if your skin is oily and prone to acne. Remove all dirt or make up. Wash once or twice a day, and also after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated, frequent skin washing. […] Acne medicines can cause skin drying or peeling. Use a moisturizer or skin cream that is water-based or „noncomedogenic” or that clearly states that is safe to use on the face and will not cause acne. […] Minimizing dairy and high glycemic index foods may help decrease acne flares. […] Do not aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub pimples. This can lead to skin infections as well as scarring and delayed healing. Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. Avoid touching your face. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams. Do not leave make up on overnight.

• #5

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf7818

  Acne is a skin problem. It shows up as blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. Acne most often affects the face, neck, and upper body. It occurs when oil and dead skin cells clog the skin’s pores. […] Gentle cleansing every day controls most mild acne. If home treatment doesn’t work, your doctor may prescribe a cream, an antibiotic, or a stronger medicine called isotretinoin. Sometimes birth control pills help women who have monthly acne flare-ups. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Gently wash your face 1 or 2 times a day with warm (not hot) water and a mild soap or cleanser. Always rinse well.

• #6 Acne: Tips for managing

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/tips

  Keep your skin clean. Gently wash your face up to twice daily and after sweating. Choose a gentle, non-abrasive cleanser. Apply it with your fingertips, as scrubbing with washcloths, sponges, and other tools can irritate your skin. […] Choose the right skin care. Use gentle skin care products and ones that say alcohol-free on the label. Avoid products that can irritate your skin, including astringents, toners, and exfoliants. These products can dry your skin and make acne appear worse. […] Stick to your treatment. Trying new acne treatments too often can irritate your skin and cause breakouts. Give your treatment time to work. It may take several weeks to few months before you see a difference. […] Keep your hands off. Touching your face throughout the day can cause acne to flare. While it can be tempting to pick, pop, or squeeze your acne, doing so will make the acne take longer to clear and increase your risk for scarring and dark spots called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

• #7 Acne – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm

  Acne medicines can cause skin drying or peeling. Use a moisturizer or skin cream that is water-based or „noncomedogenic” or that clearly states that is safe to use on the face and will not cause acne. Remember that products that say they are noncomedogenic might still cause acne in you personally. Therefore, avoid any product that you find makes your acne worse. […] A small amount of sun exposure may improve acne slightly. However, too much exposure to sun or in tanning booths increases the risk for skin cancer. Some acne medicines can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Use sunscreen and hats regularly if you are taking these medicines. […] Minimizing dairy and high glycemic index foods may help decrease acne flares. […] To further prevent acne: Do not aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub pimples. This can lead to skin infections as well as scarring and delayed healing. Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. Avoid touching your face. Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams. Do not leave make up on overnight.

• #8 12 Tips to Combat Acne | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/news/12-tips-combat-acne

  A very rare side effect of benzoyl peroxide is allergic contact dermatitis, so stop using the face wash if you develop a new rash. […] Use your hands to clean your face, and pat your skin dry with a clean towel instead of rubbing it dry. Scrubbing can actually promote more acne. […] While commercials tout the benefits of these brushes, avoid them if you have acne. Studies suggest they can actually worsen acne. […] Eating an overall healthy diet is always good advice, and it may also help your skin stay clearer. […] Keeping your hair clean and off of your face will help prevent breakouts on the forehead and face. […] Some hair products, including pomades and gels, may worsen acne. […] Sweat sticks to your face and may contain acne-causing bacteria. […] Look for products with glycerine and hyaluronic acid, which hold moisture in the skin, and products labeled „non-comedogenic” which means they don’t cause acne.

• #9 Adult Acne at 30 – Acne Causes | Tufts Medicine

  https://www.tuftsmedicine.org/about-us/news/adult-acne-age-30

  If you have naturally oily skin, you should be looking for skin-care products labeled “oil-free”, “non-comedogenic” or “water-based.” Products like these are less likely to clog your pores. […] Over-washing your face can make acne worse according to Dr. Yang. “If you wash your face too often, you can break down the skin barrier and allow external agents such as bacteria and irritants to cause inflammation. Your skin may try to overcompensate for the dryness by producing even more oil which may cause more acne.” […] Stress, poor sleep habits and diet can also contribute to acne flare-ups. […] “While adult acne can be frustrating for many women, regardless of their age, we have a wide spectrum of treatments that work,” said Dr. Yang. […] If the proper washing regime and products aren’t enough there are oral prescriptions and other medical acne treatments.

• #10 Acne: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acne-care-instructions.uf7818

  Acne is a skin problem. It shows up as blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. Acne most often affects the face, neck, and upper body. It occurs when oil and dead skin cells clog the skin’s pores. […] Gentle cleansing every day controls most mild acne. If home treatment doesn’t work, your doctor may prescribe a cream, an antibiotic, or a stronger medicine called isotretinoin. Certain medicines, such as low-dose birth control pills or spironolactone, may help control acne for some women. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Gently wash your face 1 or 2 times a day with warm (not hot) water and a mild soap or acne wash. Always rinse well.

• #11 Acne

  https://studenthealth.ucsd.edu/resources/health-topics/acne/index.html

  The sebum, which is produced in the follicle normally, flows to the skin surface via a canal. The canal is also used to remove dead cells shed by the walls of the follicle. In acne the canal becomes plugged with increased amounts of sebum and cellular debris. […] Acne may worsen in people who work in the kitchens of restaurants. […] Washing twice daily using lukewarm water and a mild, nonabrasive, antibacterial soap cleans the skin adequately. Avoid using oily, heavy cosmetics, and creams. […] Acne is generally treated by decreasing the number of bacteria present, slowing down secretions of sebum, and keeping the pores open. […] The goals in treating acne are to reduce the symptoms and to prevent permanent scarring of the skin. […] Keep your hands away from your face and don’t pick at the pimples. Avoid use of oily cosmetics and creams. Always remove makeup at night. Use sunscreen without an oily base. Shampoo regularly. If hair is oily, you may want to wear a cap at night to keep oil off the forehead and change your pillowcases daily. Use medications as directed. Be sure to tell your health-care provider about any reactions you have to medications and return for ALL of your follow-up visits.

• #12 Acne Vulgaris Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/acne-vulgaris-nursing-management/

  Encourage clients to avoid all forms of friction (touched, scratched by hand) on the skin. […] Instruct the patient to be able to treat the skin with a clean and correct. […] Motivation of patients to keep taking the drugs and foods that contain enough nutrients. […] Collaboration of topical antibiotics.

• #13 Acne Vulgaris Nursing Care Plan & Management ~ Nursing Path

  https://www.nursingpath.in/2017/01/acne-vulgaris-nursing-care-plan.html

  Explain that it will take 4 to 6 weeks of compliance with the treatment regimen to obtain results. […] Instruct the client to wash his face gently (do not scrub) with mild soap twice daily. […] Instruct the client not to squeeze blackheads, not to prop hands on or rub the face, to wash hair daily and keep it off the face, and to use cosmetics cautiously because some may exacerbate acne. […] Instruct the female client to inform her health care provider if she is possibly pregnant. Some medication, such as systemic retinoic acid, have teratogenic effects, therefore a pregnancy test is required prior to treatment and strict birth-control measures are use throughout pregnancy.

• #14 Tips for Taking Care of Your Skin (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/skin-tips.html

  Don’t pop pimples. It’s tempting, but here’s why you shouldn’t: Popping pimples can push infected material further into the skin, leading to more swelling and redness, and even scarring. If you notice a pimple coming before a big event, like the prom, a dermatologist can often treat it for you with less risk of scarring or infection. […] Avoid touching your face with your fingers or leaning your face on objects that collect sebum and skin residue like your phone. Touching your face can spread the bacteria that cause pores to become inflamed and irritated. To keep bacteria at bay, wash your hands before applying anything to your face, such as treatment creams or makeup. […] If you wear glasses or sunglasses, make sure you clean them often to keep oil from clogging the pores around your eyes and nose.

• #15 Role of Nurses in The Treatment of Acne in Both Healthcare Settings and At Home – Savonia AMK

  https://www.savonia.fi/en/articles/role-of-nurses-in-the-treatment-of-acne-in-both-healthcare-settings-and-at-home/

  Acne is a skin condition that impacts people of different age ranges. Acne is a common condition across the globe which affects nearly 9.4% of the world population. It is most prevalent among teenagers and young adults. […] Effective management of acne requires a good understanding of available treatments both in professional healthcare settings and at home. […] This article focuses on the role of nurses in the management of acne in the healthcare setting and at home as nurses are always or most of the time the first point of contact, also it focuses on the role of nurses in patient education, skincare routine, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes. […] Healthcare settings align treatment plans according to acne type and severity. […] Nurses play a crucial part in the treatment of acne by the administration of topical or oral therapies such as retinoids and antibiotics and as well as helping in procedures like light therapy or chemical peels. […] Nurses play a key role in educating and supporting patients with acne, helping them understand and adhere to their treatment plans. […] Nurses have a central and influential part in care of acne in Finland and are thus key players in dermatological care.

• #16 Top tips for supporting patients with acne   | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/top-tips-for-supporting-patients-with-acne/

  Acne is a very common skin condition in the UK. While mainly seen in young people, it can also affect adults. Males tend to have more severe acne as young people, but women are more likely to continue to have acne into adulthood, with 45% of women aged 21-30 years affected, and 26% aged 31-40 years. Acne is associated with psychological problems and if not treated can cause scarring. This article offers some tips to help nurses manage acne in primary care. […] Acne assessment needs to include patient history, family history and clinical examination of the face, chest and back. It is important to always examine all these areas to ensure a full assessment of the location and severity of the acne. Remember to record visible acne lesions (comedones, papules, pustules and nodules) and any evidence of scarring. Acne is seen on the face (99% of all cases), the back (60% of all cases) and the chest (15% of all cases).

• #17 Acne – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20368048

  If you’ve tried over-the-counter (nonprescription) acne products for several weeks and they haven’t helped, ask your doctor about prescription-strength medications. A dermatologist can help you: […] Acne medications work by reducing oil production and swelling or by treating bacterial infection. With most prescription acne drugs, you may not see results for four to eight weeks. It can take many months or years for your acne to clear up completely. […] The treatment regimen your doctor recommends depends on your age, the type and severity of your acne, and what you are willing to commit to. […] Talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of medications and other treatments you are considering. And make follow-up appointments with your doctor every three to six months until your skin improves.

• #18 Top tips for supporting patients with acne   | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/top-tips-for-supporting-patients-with-acne/

  A psychological assessment of acne is vitally important. A simple way to assess this is the ask the patient to rate on a score of 1 to 10, how much does your acne bother you? (10 being the worst). The psychological effects of acne should never be underestimated, and psycho-social effects can be seen in all severities of acne, including mood disturbance, and not thriving at school. Severe acne is particularly associated with social and psychological problems, including suicidal ideation and depression. If a patient does report being bothered by their acne or has a low mood, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 is also recommended this has reliability and validity for preliminary screening of depression in acne. […] NICE acne management guidelines recommend mild to moderate acne (defined as any number of comedones or 1-34 inflammatory lesions, or 1-2 nodules) is treated topically, either with over-the counter or prescribed products. Moderate to severe acne (defined as either or both 35 inflammatory lesions and 3 or more nodules) usually requires a prescribed topical non antibiotic preparation (for example, Epiduo, a combined retinoid/benzoyl peroxide preparation) combined with oral antibiotics (lymecycline or doxycycline; or erythromycin in pregnancy). Each treatment course should be 12 weeks, and a review date should be booked. NICE recommends no more than 6 months treatment with oral antibiotics.

• #19 Acne Vulgaris – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459173/

  Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the pilosebaceous unit, typically following a prolonged course. This common skin disorder that can present with both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. This activity aims to examine the causes, assessment, and treatment of acne vulgaris, emphasizing the importance of the interprofessional team in providing comprehensive care for patients affected by this condition. […] The management of acne vulgaris, regardless of its severity, should commence with comprehensive patient counseling, encompassing discussions about the nature of the disease, proper skincare practices, and realistic treatment expectations. During patient counseling, it is essential to address the following points: The improvement of lesions may be delayed, and the primary objective of therapy is to resolve existing lesions and prevent the formation of new ones. At least 2-3 months of treatment compliance are needed to assess the efficacy of the treatment. The effective treatment response may involve a noticeable reduction of active lesions rather than complete clearance. This clarification helps to prevent patients from prematurely discontinuing their treatment process due to a perceived lack of efficacy.

• #20 Acne: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/acne/?srsltid=AfmBOorDzAOND84nY_EX3rmdu2QhRYGM0iNN6au7G_NaUtAkTKh2tCAm

  Encourage patients to share their feelings and concerns about acne […] Regularly assess skin response to treatment, particularly with medications like isotretinoin, which require close supervision due to potential adverse effects […] Patients should experience fewer breakouts and improved skin appearance. […] As acne diminishes, patients often feel better about their appearance. […] Educate patients about the correct use of topical and systemic treatments, including potential side effects. […] Advise on a low-glycemic diet, increased zinc intake, and smoking cessation, all of which can help manage acne. […] Includes topical retinoids, antibiotics, and, in some cases, hormonal therapy for women. […] Advise on gentle cleaning routines and avoiding harsh scrubbing. […] Regular follow-up with a dermatologist may be necessary for chronic or severe cases.

• #21 Acne – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20368048

  The most common topical prescription medications for acne are: […] These work by killing excess skin bacteria and reducing redness and inflammation. […] Azelaic acid is a naturally occurring acid produced by a yeast. It has antibacterial properties. […] Dapsone (Aczone) 5% gel twice daily is recommended for inflammatory acne, especially in women with acne. […] For moderate to severe acne, you may need oral antibiotics to reduce bacteria. […] Four combined oral contraceptives are approved by the FDA for acne therapy in women who also wish to use them for contraception. […] The drug spironolactone (Aldactone) may be considered for women and adolescent girls if oral antibiotics aren’t helping. […] Isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, others) is a derivative of vitamin A. It may be prescribed for people whose moderate or severe acne hasn’t responded to other treatments.

• #22 Therapeutic strategies for acne vulgaris | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/dermatology/therapeutic-strategies-for-acne-vulgaris-29-11-2013/

  Acne vulgaris is a long-term condition that can have lasting physical and psychological effects. Patient education is crucial to improve adherence to treatment. […] This article provides general information about acne, introduces current guidelines and offers advice to help nurses support patient adherence to treatment. […] Acne treatment should be initiated as soon as possible – early treatment may prevent or minimise bacterial proliferation and spot formation. Treatment is based on addressing the cause as well as the symptoms and, while therapies are generally not complex, many patients struggle with their regimen and are disappointed with the lack of results. Health professionals should make time to explain to the patient how acne develops, and what treatment options are available to them and how these are used; they should also offer a realistic treatment plan the patient will be able to follow. Explaining that the condition may last for some time, even with treatment, and that perseverance is important may improve concordance and adherence to treatment.

• #23 Therapeutic strategies for acne vulgaris | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/dermatology/therapeutic-strategies-for-acne-vulgaris-29-11-2013/

  Good patient education is important to ensure adherence to treatment, and particularly so for pre-teens and adolescents, who have the greatest difficulty with this, especially when it is long term. Providing easy-to-use products and managing expectations is key to successful treatment. […] Timely intervention, correct treatment and adherence to that treatment are key to successfully treating acne and avoiding long-term psychological effects and physical scarring. Patients should be referred to a dermatologist if the psychological impact becomes a concern or they show no response to treatment. […] Evidence-based guidance will allow health professionals to plan and review acne treatment to manage this long-term condition effectively and minimise its long-term effects.

• #24 Acne Vulgaris Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/acne-vulgaris-nursing-management/

  Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous follicles. […] The goals of management are to reduce bacterial colonies, decrease sebaceous gland activity, prevent the follicles from becoming plugged, reduce inflammation, combat secondary infection, minimize scarring and eliminate factors that predispose the person to acne. […] Administer prescribed medications, which may include acne products containing benzoyl peroxide (explain that these products initially cause skin redness and scaling but that the skin adjusts quickly); topical agents, such as vitamin A acid; and antibiotics such as tetracycline. […] Advise the client that heat, humidity, and perspiration exacerbate acne. Explain that uncleanliness, dietary indiscretions, menstrual cycle, and other myths are not responsible for acne.

• #25 Acne Vulgaris Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1069804-treatment

  Topical retinoids should be initiated as first-line therapy for both comedonal and inflammatory acne lesions and continued as maintenance therapy to inhibit further microcomedone formation. […] Topical antibiotics are mainly used for their role against C acnes (formerly P acnes). They may also have anti-inflammatory properties. […] Antibiotic resistance in C acnes (formerly P acnes) is common and is a significant threat to acne treatment. Antimicrobials should be combined with a topical retinoids for greater clearing of lesions and to increase the potential for shortened antibiotic treatment. […] Hormonal therapies may be effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Estrogen can be used to decrease sebum production. Additionally, it reduces ovarian production of androgens by suppressing gonadotrophin release.

• #26

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acne/treatment/

  It’s important to be patient and persist with a recommended treatment, even if there’s no immediate effect. […] Benzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of bacteria on the surface of the skin. […] Benzoyl peroxide is usually available as a cream or gel. It’s used either once or twice a day. […] Most people need a 6-week course of treatment to clear most or all of their acne. […] Topical retinoids work by removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin (exfoliating), which helps prevent them building up within hair follicles. […] Tretinoin and adapalene are topical retinoids used to treat acne. […] Topical antibiotics help kill the bacteria on the skin that can infect plugged hair follicles. […] Azelaic acid is often used as an alternative treatment for acne if the side effects of benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoids are particularly irritating or painful.

• #27 Acne & Blemish Treatments – Skin Care | Ulta BeautyGo to Ulta Beauty homepagestoreUltamateRewardsCreditCardFacebookInstagramPinterestTikTokTwitterYoutubeQ R CodePlayStoreAppStoreBack ButtonFilter Buttonmessages-bubble-square-menu

  https://www.ulta.com/shop/skin-care/treatment-serums/acne-blemish-treatments

  When it comes to tackling acne and blemishes, there’s a wide variety of treatments available, each designed to address different types of acne and skin concerns. From spot treatments that target individual pimples to all-over solutions for widespread breakouts, understanding the types of treatments can help you find the best option for your skin. […] Choosing the right type of treatment depends on your specific skin concerns, whether it’s occasional pimples, widespread acne, or post-acne marks. Incorporating one or more types of treatments into your skincare routine can provide comprehensive acne control. […] When selecting an acne treatment, it’s crucial to look for key ingredients known for their effectiveness in combating acne and improving skin health. Here are some of the most common and powerful ingredients found in acne and blemish treatments: Salicylic Acid, Benzoyl Peroxide, Tea Tree Oil, Niacinamide (Vitamin B3), Retinol, Hyaluronic Acid. […] These ingredients target different aspects of acne treatment, from clearing clogged pores to reducing inflammation and promoting skin healing. Look for products that contain these ingredients to effectively tackle your acne concerns.

• #28 Acne: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acne-care-instructions.uf7818

  Use an over-the-counter lotion or gel that contains benzoyl peroxide. Start with a small amount of 2.5% benzoyl peroxide and increase the strength as needed. Benzoyl peroxide works well for acne, but you may need to use it for up to 2 months before your acne starts to improve. […] Apply acne cream, lotion, or gel to all the places you get pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, not just where you have them now. Follow the instructions carefully. If your skin gets too dry and scaly or red and sore, reduce the amount. For the best results, apply medicines as directed. Try not to miss doses. […] Do not squeeze or pick pimples and blackheads. This can cause infection and scarring. […] Use only oil-free makeup, sunscreen, and other skin care products that will not clog your pores. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if your acne gets worse or does not improve after 3 months with home treatment.

• #29 Acne – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000750.htm

  If daily skin care does not clear up blemishes, try over-the-counter acne medicines that you apply to your skin. These products may contain benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, adapalene, resorcinol, or salicylic acid. They work by killing bacteria, drying up skin oils, or causing the top layer of your skin to peel. They may cause redness or peeling of the skin. […] If these acne medicines cause your skin to become irritated: Try using smaller amounts. A drop the size of a pea will cover the entire face. Use the medicines only every other or third day until your skin gets used to them. Wait 10 to 15 minutes after washing your face before applying these medicines. […] If pimples are still a problem after you’ve tried over-the-counter medicines, your health care provider may suggest: Antibiotics in the form of pills or creams that you put on your skin, Prescription gels or creams containing a retinoid to help clear up the pimples, Hormone pills for women whose acne is made worse by hormonal changes, Isotretinoin pills for severe acne, A light based procedure called photodynamic therapy, Chemical peels.

• #30 Top tips for supporting patients with acne   | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/top-tips-for-supporting-patients-with-acne/

  If a female patient with acne wishes to use hormonal contraception, NICE advises offering the combined oral contraceptive (COC) pill in preference to progesterone-only (POP) pill. Note that both POP and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) can make acne worse. […] Acne topical treatments need to be applied to the whole area (face, back and/or chest) not just the individual lesions. The most common patient application error is applying to the spots only, so do explain that treatment is anti-acne, hence applying to the whole area affected. […] NICE provides guidance for skin care and recommends syndets (synthetic detergents) that are non-alkaline (neutral pH or slightly acidic [pH 5.5]) for washing, which helps to maintain the skin barrier properties. Patients should be advised to wash the acne areas twice a day in lukewarm water with either an antimicrobial emollient or acne cosmetic wash, then pat dry.

• #31 Acne Vulgaris Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1069804-treatment

  Isotretinoin is a systemic retinoid that is highly effective in the treatment of severe, recalcitrant acne vulgaris. Isotretinoin causes normalization of epidermal differentiation, depresses sebum excretion by 70%, is anti-inflammatory, and even reduces the presence of C acnes (formerly P acnes). […] Intralesional steroid injections have been found to be beneficial for large inflammatory lesions. Comedone removal does not affect the course of the disease, but it does improve the patients appearance. […] Diet therapy has been suggested. […] Hyperkalemia is a potential dangerous adverse effect from spironolactone; however, a 2015 large retrospective study of healthy women aged 18-45 years confirms potassium monitoring is unnecessary for these patients while taking spironolactone.

• #32 What doctors wish patients knew about acne treatment | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-acne-treatment

  But while questions around the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and certain acne medications come up a lot, this association is simply not true, Dr. Fine said, noting a recent meta-analysis from 2022 looked at this very question and there is not an association. […] Common side effects of many topical acne medications are tendency to cause skin irritation that can limit tolerability, Dr. Johnson-Jahangir said. […] Treatments work better at preventing new acne instead of clearing up what’s there, Dr. Johnson-Jahangir said, noting it often takes a few months to see improvement, and most medicines will need to be continued long term to keep up the benefit. […] If youre getting any sort of acne thats leaving significant marks or scars, it really does need to be treated because certain types of scarring can be permanent, Dr. Fine said.

• #33 Acne: Types, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12233-acne

  The goal of acne treatment is to stop new pimples from forming and to heal the existing blemishes on your skin. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend using a topical acne medication to treat your skin. […] If topical or oral medications don’t work well for your acne, or if you have acne scars, a healthcare provider may recommend different types of therapies to clear your skin. […] If you have acne, you can start an at-home skin care routine to help your acne go away. […] Many topical and oral acne treatments aren’t safe to take during pregnancy. […] Acne often goes away in early adulthood, though some people will continue to experience acne throughout adulthood. […] Yes, sometimes acne can cause scarring. […] Acne can cause disruptions in your mental health because it affects your appearance and self-esteem. […] Visit a healthcare provider as soon as you notice pimples so you can start treatment immediately before scarring occurs. […] If you have stubborn acne, visit a healthcare provider or a dermatologist to treat your acne.

• #34 Top tips for supporting patients with acne   | Nursing in Practice

  https://www.nursinginpractice.com/clinical/top-tips-for-supporting-patients-with-acne/

  NICE recommends urgent referral to dermatology for acne fulminans. Routine referral is recommended for: Acne conglobata, nodulocystic acne, or where there is diagnostic uncertainty. Mild to moderate acne that has not responded to two completed courses of treatment. Moderate to severe acne that has not responded to previous treatment that includes an oral antibiotic. Acne with scarring. Acne with persistent pigmentary changes. Acne of any severity, or acne-related scarring, which is causing or contributing to persistent psychological distress or a mental health disorder. Consider direct referral to mental health services if a patient expresses suicidal ideation, has body dysmorphia, or severe anxiety and depression. […] Note current NICE guidelines recommend referral for scarring which persists a year after the acne has cleared. Recommended acne scar treatments are CO2 laser treatment (alone or after a session of punch elevation) or glycolic acid peel.

• #35

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/skin/Pages/What-Causes-Acne.aspx

  Acne, the medical condition that causes „pimples,” is common and a normal part of growing upespecially in the teenage years. In fact, around 85% of people have acne when they’re teens. […] Thankfully, there are options for everyone to help prevent and treat acne. […] For some teens, treating acne boosts self-esteem and helps build life skills around self-care. A smaller number of teens have more severe acne that is important to treat to prevent permanent scars. […] Key tips to help prevent acne include washing the skin twice a day, using a gentle cleanser, and avoiding scrubbing the skin with rough cloths or brushes. […] Avoid pinching, popping, or picking at pimples. Manipulating the skin can make acne worse and lead to infections or scarring. […] If you think about what causes acne, you can also guess how to treat it.

• #36 Acne Care Dos and Don’ts | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/acne-care-dos-and-donts

  Remember to not over-wash as this can strip away the natural oils from your skin and sometimes leave your skin feeling tight, red and dry, Dr. Thompson said. […] While there is some evidence that vitamin D (which you can get from the sun and certain foods) has antimicrobial properties and can help reduce inflammation, too much time in the sun isnt good for acne or your skin. […] A gentle approach to skincare is generally preferred for most as opposed to harsher, exfoliating products that can cause more skin irritation, Dr. Thompson said. […] Make sure your staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day and stick to a balanced diet rich in lean proteins, fruits and vegetables. […] Interestingly, increased milk consumptionespecially skim milkcan worsen acne, so limiting your dairy intake may help as well, Dr. Thompson said.

• #37

  https://www.naturopathica.com/blogs/news/you-ve-got-acne-we-ve-got-solutions

  Traditionally, the main cause of acne is attributed to two factors: excessive shedding of the dead skin cells that line the follicle and the production of excess oil which creates the perfect environment for acne-causing bacteria to form. […] Its important to realize that a lasting solution for acne usually involves a holistic approach. […] Focus on reducing insulin, a hormone that helps your body regulate sugar, by sticking to a low glycemic diet. […] Protect yourself by increasing your intake of antioxidantsmore fruits, veggies and herbs such as Green Tea which may be able to limit sebum oxidation. […] Consider adding more fermented foods to your diet such as kimchi, sauerkraut or kombucha to help reduce skin inflammation. […] Try taking more liver-supporting herbs such as Milk Thistle and Dandelion Root to support the bodys detoxification process.

• #38 12 Tips to Combat Acne | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/news/12-tips-combat-acne

  A very rare side effect of benzoyl peroxide is allergic contact dermatitis, so stop using the face wash if you develop a new rash. […] Use your hands to clean your face, and pat your skin dry with a clean towel instead of rubbing it dry. Scrubbing can actually promote more acne. […] While commercials tout the benefits of these brushes, avoid them if you have acne. Studies suggest they can actually worsen acne. […] Eating an overall healthy diet is always good advice, and it may also help your skin stay clearer. […] Keeping your hair clean and off of your face will help prevent breakouts on the forehead and face. […] Some hair products, including pomades and gels, may worsen acne. […] Sweat sticks to your face and may contain acne-causing bacteria. […] Look for products with glycerine and hyaluronic acid, which hold moisture in the skin, and products labeled „non-comedogenic” which means they don’t cause acne.

• #39 What doctors wish patients knew about acne treatment | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-acne-treatment

  This is important. When a pimple first appears, most people immediately try to pop it. Dont do that. […] Gentle skin care is key. To maintain a healthy skin balance, use a gentle skin cleanser (no harsh soaps) daily, an oil-free facial skin moisturizer and broad-spectrum facial sunscreen of at least SPF 30 or combination sunscreen and moisturizer, Dr. Johnson-Jahangir said. […] Dietary factors and stress are not direct causes of acne. They certainly play a strong role, especially if people are predisposed to acne, Dr. Fine said. […] Stress isn’t a direct cause of acne but is theorized to worsen acne if increases in cortisol alter the hormone balance or neurogenic pathways that affect the skin, Dr. Johnson-Jahangir said. […] In my practice, I do a lot of treatment of severe scarring from severe acne, which can really go on to affect someones whole lifetheir confidence, their ability to feel comfortable around other people, Dr. Fine said, noting that any acne thats bothersome should be treated by a physician because now more than ever, the skin-care market is crazy and its ever expanding.

• #40 Patient education: Acne (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acne-beyond-the-basics

  Use of a moisturizer minimizes dryness and skin peeling, which are common side effects of some acne treatments. […] To minimize skin damage from the sun, avoid excessive sun exposure and use a sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher that is broad spectrum (blocks both UVA and UVB light) before sun exposure. […] If you have mild acne, you can try to treat yourself with nonprescription products initially. […] A health care provider can recommend treatment based on the type(s) of acne you have and how severe it is. […] Acne medications include both topical medications (medicines you apply to the skin) and oral medications (pills or tablets you take by mouth). […] Topical acne medications include topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, clascoterone, salicylic acid, glycolic acid, and azelaic acid.

• #41 Acne – treatments, causes and prevention | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/acne

  Some treatments require a doctors prescription. These can help with more severe acne, or when your acne doesn’t get better with other treatments. […] It is important to remember that treating acne takes time. It will often take 2 to 3 months of treatment to see an improvement. […] Keeping your skin clean is an important way to treat and prevent acne. […] If you have acne, there are ways to help prevent new spots appearing and prevent acne scars from forming. […] To prevent scars, it is important to take care of your skin and treat your acne. […] Acne can make you feel self-conscious and affect your self-esteem. This can impact your social life and mental health.

• #42 Acne Vulgaris – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459173/

  Managing complications in acne vulgaris involves various approaches to address specific issues that may arise. Here are some common complications and their corresponding management strategies: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation can be managed by photoprotection, topical treatments (such as retinoids, azelaic acid, and hydroquinone), and superficial chemical peels (which use salicylic acid or glycolic acid).

• #43 Acne – University Health Services – UW–Madison

  https://www.uhs.wisc.edu/medical/acne/

  Acne can be managed with over-the-counter and/or prescription medications along with recommended lifestyle changes. […] Most treatment regimens take at least six to eight weeks for noticeable improvement. […] Medications applied to the skin are essential for acne management and require consistent use. […] When acne improves, continue using topical medications to prevent exacerbations of acne. […] Wash your face twice daily (morning and before bed) with a gentle cleanser (i.e. Cerave hydrating cleanser, Cetaphil gentle cleanser, Neutrogena/Aveeno foam cleansers, Purpose bar, Dove, Vanicream cleanser.) […] Choose skin products that are non-comedogenic (will not clog pores). […] For chest or back acne, wash daily. […] Apply an acne cleanser to a back brush/washcloth/loofah, gently rub onto affected skin, wait five minutes before rinsing thoroughly (i.e. Panoxyl Creamy Wash, Neutrogena Deep Clean gel cleanser or Mederma Aqua glycolic acid wash).

• #44 Nonprescription acne treatment: Which products work best?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/in-depth/acne-treatments/art-20045814

  Acne products work in different ways, depending on their active ingredients. Some work by killing acne-causing bacteria. Others remove excess oil from the skin or speed the growth of new skin cells and the removal of dead skin cells. Some acne products try to do all these things. […] The acne products that are best for you depends on your skin type, acne type and skin care preferences. Here are some general guidelines for choosing and using topical nonprescription acne products: […] Treating acne with topical products that are available without a prescription takes time and patience. It may take 2 to 3 months of daily use before you see results. And acne may worsen before it gets better. […] If your acne doesn’t improve after 2 to 3 months of trying a skin care routine with your chosen acne products, consider seeing your health care provider or a skin specialist (dermatologist) for a prescription lotion or medication.

• #45 Nursing school = Acne? – General Student Support

  https://allnurses.com/nursing-school-acne-t56516/

  OY! :angryfire Where did all this acne come from? I am 27 years old how did I get break out face again LOL! It’s like every other day or so a new one forms. WAAAA!!!! Embarrassing and painful!!!! […] I’ve heard that stress can make acne flare up out of nowhere, no matter what your age. My mom is 40-something and she still gets zits every once in a while. […] yes, i got acne in nursing school. it was so stressful. now i have to take tetracycline. […] Definitely stress-related and don’t forget diet.. During the first half of this year when I was commuting an hour and half one way to take O-Chem and Bio Chem and Stats I ate fast food probably several times a week.. I haven’t been in school this summer and haven’t eaten much fast food (and of course haven’t been stressed) and your post just reminded me that all those pimples that were residents on my forehead during that time seem to have taken a vacation as well… […] I also know I break out more when I’m not getting enough water. Are you drinking any? Probably not if you feel too busy to pee lol. […] Don’t feel bad I have severe acne and I am 26! I take oral antibiotics and use Retin-A but since starting nursing school I notice they are back with a vengeance.

• #46 Acne Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1015/p475.html

  Acne vulgaris is the most prevalent chronic skin disease in the United States, affecting nearly 50 million people per year, mostly adolescents and young adults. Potential sequelae of acne, such as scarring, dyspigmentation, and low self-esteem, may result in significant morbidity. Typical acne lesions involve the pilosebaceous follicles and the interrelated processes of sebum production, Cutibacterium acnes colonization, and inflammation. Acne may be classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number and type of skin lesions. Multiple treatment agents and formulations are available, with each agent targeting a specific area within acne pathogenesis. Treatment selection is based on disease severity, patient preference, and tolerability. Topical retinoids are indicated for acne of any severity and for maintenance therapy. Systemic and topical antibiotics should be used only in combination with benzoyl peroxide and retinoids and for a maximum of 12 weeks. Isotretinoin is used for severe, recalcitrant acne. Because of the risk of teratogenicity, patients, pharmacists, and prescribers must register with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration mandated risk management program, iPledge, before implementing isotretinoin therapy. There is limited evidence for physical modalities (e.g., laser therapy, light therapy, chemical peels) and complementary therapies (e.g., purified bee venom, low-glycemic-load diet, tea tree oil); therefore, further study is required.

• #47 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  During pregnancy and lactation, physiological changes occur in the body that can impact the development and management of acne. […] Hormonal fluctuations, increased sebum production, and altered immune function contribute to the prevalence and severity of acne during these periods. […] When considering acne treatment options, safety considerations become paramount. Dermatologists must carefully assess the potential risks and benefits of various treatment options to ensure the well-being of the mother and developing fetus as well as the newborn. […] Topical treatments offer a noninvasive approach to acne management. Ingredients such as azelaic acid and benzoyl peroxide are considered safe and effective options for mild to moderate acne. […] These work locally and have minimal systemic absorption, reducing the risk of adverse effects on the fetus or nursing infant.

• #48 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  The study conducted by Ly et al provides an assessment of the evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of different acne treatment options during pregnancy and lactation. […] This information can guide dermatologists in making informed decisions and developing tailored treatment plans, ensuring optimal care and minimizing potential harm to both mother and child. […] Commonly used topical agents for acne treatment during pregnancy and lactation include benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, azelaic acid, salicylic acid, and retinoids. […] Benzoyl peroxide, a widely used topical treatment, has shown efficacy in reducing acne lesions. […] It is considered safe for use during pregnancy and lactation because of its minimal systemic absorption. […] Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin and erythromycin have demonstrated efficacy in treating acne by reducing inflammation and inhibiting bacterial growth.

• #49 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  These antibiotics are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and lactation, with low systemic absorption. […] Azelaic acid has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been found to effectively treat mild to moderate acne and is considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, making it a suitable choice for individuals seeking topical treatment options. […] Salicylic acid, commonly used in OTC products, is an exfoliating agent. Although limited data are available on its use during pregnancy, topical use of salicylic acid in concentrations lower than 2% is generally considered safe. […] Topical retinoids such as tretinoin, adapalene, and tazarotene are highly effective in treating acne. […] However, tazarotene is known to be teratogenic and is contraindicated during pregnancy.

• #50 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  Topical retinoids should be discontinued during pregnancy but have been shown to be safe postpartum. […] Other topical agents, including clascoterone, have been discussed for acne management. […] Clascoterone is a topical androgen receptor inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris. […] Clascoterone works by specifically targeting and inhibiting androgen receptors in the sebaceous glands. […] Limited safety data are available regarding use during pregnancy and lactation, and thus alternatives should be considered because of uncertainty of risk. […] Antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalexin are frequently prescribed to control inflammation and bacterial growth associated with acne. […] These antibiotics are generally considered safe for short-term use during pregnancy and lactation, with low fetal and breast milk absorption.

• #51 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  It is contraindicated in pregnant individuals, and women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception while taking spironolactone. […] Limited data are available on its safety during lactation, and caution is advised. […] Commonly discussed procedural interventions include intralesional corticosteroids as well as light and laser therapies. […] Intralesional corticosteroids, such as triamcinolone acetonide, have been found to be effective in treating acne cysts and inflammatory nodules. […] Research suggests that small amounts of intralesional corticosteroids have minimal systemic absorption, making them unlikely to increase fetal risk; therefore, they are considered safe for use during both pregnancy and lactation. […] Light and laser therapies offer alternative treatment options for refractory acne, and include NBUVB, PDT, Nd:YAG laser, and pulsed-dye laser treatments.

• #52 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  However, prolonged or excessive antibiotic use should be avoided. […] Corticosteroids, including low-dose prednisone, are occasionally used in severe cases of acne. […] However, systemic corticosteroids are generally avoided during the first trimester because of an increased risk of cleft lip and palate. […] Isotretinoin, a highly effective oral medication for severe acne, is known to be teratogenic and is contraindicated during pregnancy. […] It is associated with a high risk of birth defects and should be avoided by women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. […] Additionally, isotretinoin is excreted in breast milk and should not be used during lactation. […] Spironolactone, a medication primarily used for hormonal acne, is not recommended during pregnancy because of its potential feminizing effects on male fetuses.

• #53 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  These therapies have no known teratogenic effects and have been successfully used to treat acne in pregnant patients. […] However, high cumulative NBUVB doses may reduce folic acid levels, raising concerns about fetal development. […] It is recommended that folate levels be periodically checked for appropriate folic acid supplementation during these treatments. […] Patient education and counseling are crucial aspects of managing acne during pregnancy and lactation. […] Strategies for managing acne in these populations should emphasize safe and effective approaches that are supported by evidence-based practices. […] By prioritizing patient education and support, implementing effective strategies for acne management, and addressing the potential psychological impacts, dermatologists can empower patients to make informed decisions about their acne treatment.

• #54 Managing Acne Vulgaris During Pregnancy and Lactation

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/managing-acne-vulgaris-during-pregnancy-and-lactation

  Managing acne during pregnancy and lactation requires careful safety considerations for both the mother and baby. […] By understanding the available evidence and adopting a comprehensive approach, dermatologists can provide effective treatment options and support to individuals experiencing acne during these critical periods. […] Continued research should focus on establishing consensus-based guidelines for acne management while optimizing treatment plans to ensure the safety and well-being of pregnant and lactating patients seeking acne treatment.

• #55 Role of Nurses in The Treatment of Acne in Both Healthcare Settings and At Home – Savonia AMK

  https://www.savonia.fi/en/articles/role-of-nurses-in-the-treatment-of-acne-in-both-healthcare-settings-and-at-home/

  In Finland, nurses involvement in acne management has advanced significantly, reflecting the shifts in healthcare provision and the increasing need to meet the rising requests for dermatological care. […] Nurses offer emotional support and encouragement, which could prove invaluable for patients struggling with psychological effects caused by acne. […] Nurses in Finland typically conduct initial consultations with patients, collect relevant medical histories and take high resolution pictures of skin disease conditions. […] The establishment of nurse-led clinics in Finland is a major stride towards improving acne and various other dermatological conditions. […] Nurses can also help to educate the patients on prescribed specific drugs like topical treatments as directed by the dermatologist. […] Nurses participation in teledermatology enhances patients access to care, as well as guaranteeing accurate diagnosis and treatment on time.

• #56 Role of Nurses in The Treatment of Acne in Both Healthcare Settings and At Home – Savonia AMK

  https://www.savonia.fi/en/articles/role-of-nurses-in-the-treatment-of-acne-in-both-healthcare-settings-and-at-home/

  Overall, while nurse-led clinics show promise, their effectiveness must be regularly assessed to adapt to patient requirements. […] The research by Ranta and Suominen reported that education and learning regarding acne administration given by nurses lead to a substantial improvement in individual adherence to therapy routines.

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