Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The Global and Regional Prevalence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Modeling Analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177847/

  Objective: To estimate the global and regional prevalence and cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in 2019 and to evaluate major associated factors. […] Understanding the global prevalence of AAA is essential for optimizing health services and reducing mortality from reputed AAA. […] We retained 54 articles across 19 countries. The global prevalence of AAA among persons aged 30 to 79 years was 0.92% (95% CI, 0.65-1.30), translating to a total of 35.12 million (95% CI, 24.94-49.80) AAA cases in 2019. […] In 2019, the Western Pacific region had the highest AAA prevalence at 1.31% (95% CI, 0.94-1.85), whereas the African region had the lowest prevalence at 0.33% (95% CI, 0.23-0.48). […] A substantial proportion of people are affected by AAA. There is a need to optimize epidemiological studies to promptly respond to at-risk and identified cases to improve outcomes.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2023/06000/the_global_and_regional_prevalence_of_abdominal.9.aspx

  To estimate the global and regional prevalence and cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in 2019 and to evaluate major associated factors. […] Understanding the global prevalence of AAA is essential for optimizing health services and reducing mortality from reputed AAA. […] We retained 54 articles across 19 countries. The global prevalence of AAA among persons aged 30 to 79 years was 0.92% (95% CI, 0.651.30), translating to a total of 35.12 million (95% CI, 24.9449.80) AAA cases in 2019. Smoking, male sex, family history of AAA, advanced age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, claudication, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease were associated with AAA. In 2019, the Western Pacific region had the highest AAA prevalence at 1.31% (95% CI, 0.941.85), whereas the African region had the lowest prevalence at 0.33% (95% CI, 0.230.48).

• #3 The Global and Regional Prevalence of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Modeling Analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177847/

  Objective: To estimate the global and regional prevalence and cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in 2019 and to evaluate major associated factors. […] Understanding the global prevalence of AAA is essential for optimizing health services and reducing mortality from reputed AAA. […] We retained 54 articles across 19 countries. The global prevalence of AAA among persons aged 30 to 79 years was 0.92% (95% CI, 0.65-1.30), translating to a total of 35.12 million (95% CI, 24.94-49.80) AAA cases in 2019. […] In 2019, the Western Pacific region had the highest AAA prevalence at 1.31% (95% CI, 0.94-1.85), whereas the African region had the lowest prevalence at 0.33% (95% CI, 0.23-0.48). […] A substantial proportion of people are affected by AAA. There is a need to optimize epidemiological studies to promptly respond to at-risk and identified cases to improve outcomes.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2023/06000/the_global_and_regional_prevalence_of_abdominal.9.aspx

  To estimate the global and regional prevalence and cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in 2019 and to evaluate major associated factors. […] Understanding the global prevalence of AAA is essential for optimizing health services and reducing mortality from reputed AAA. […] We retained 54 articles across 19 countries. The global prevalence of AAA among persons aged 30 to 79 years was 0.92% (95% CI, 0.651.30), translating to a total of 35.12 million (95% CI, 24.9449.80) AAA cases in 2019. Smoking, male sex, family history of AAA, advanced age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, claudication, peripheral artery disease, pulmonary disease, and renal disease were associated with AAA. In 2019, the Western Pacific region had the highest AAA prevalence at 1.31% (95% CI, 0.941.85), whereas the African region had the lowest prevalence at 0.33% (95% CI, 0.230.48).

• #5 Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-risk-factors-pathogenesis-and-natural-history-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

  Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm […] The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is 3 to 8 percent in screening studies, affecting predominantly males. However, AAAs found on screening are generally small; those measuring ≥5.5 cm or greater are found in only 0.4 to 0.6 percent of those screened. Because the incidence of AAA rises sharply in individuals over 60 years of age, the future prevalence of AAA could increase substantially in association with the aging population. On the other hand, some suggest that a reduction in the prevalence of smoking could have the opposite effect, with several studies citing a lower prevalence of AAA in 65- to 80-year-old White adults. […] The annual incidence of new AAA diagnoses is approximately 0.4 to 0.67 percent in Western populations. This equates to 2.5 to 6.5 aneurysms per 1000 person-years. Age significantly impacts the incidence. As an example, in one study, among males aged 65 to 74 years, the incidence was 55 per 100,000 person-years, increasing to 112 per 100,000 person-years for males aged 75 to 85 years, and further increasing to 298 per 100,000 person-years for those older than 85.

• #6 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for AAA with ultrasonography in women aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked or have a family history of AAA. […] The prevalence of AAA has declined over the past 2 decades among screened men 65 years or older in various countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Sweden, and Denmark. […] Population-based studies in men older than 60 years have found an AAA prevalence ranging from 1.2% to 3.3%. […] The reduction in prevalence is attributed to the decrease in smoking prevalence over time. […] The current prevalence of AAA in the United States is unclear because of the low uptake of screening. […] Most AAAs are asymptomatic until they rupture. […] Although the risk for rupture varies greatly by aneurysm size, the associated risk for death with rupture is as high as 81%.

• #7 Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-risk-factors-pathogenesis-and-natural-history-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

  Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm […] The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is 3 to 8 percent in screening studies, affecting predominantly males. However, AAAs found on screening are generally small; those measuring ≥5.5 cm or greater are found in only 0.4 to 0.6 percent of those screened. Because the incidence of AAA rises sharply in individuals over 60 years of age, the future prevalence of AAA could increase substantially in association with the aging population. On the other hand, some suggest that a reduction in the prevalence of smoking could have the opposite effect, with several studies citing a lower prevalence of AAA in 65- to 80-year-old White adults. […] The annual incidence of new AAA diagnoses is approximately 0.4 to 0.67 percent in Western populations. This equates to 2.5 to 6.5 aneurysms per 1000 person-years. Age significantly impacts the incidence. As an example, in one study, among males aged 65 to 74 years, the incidence was 55 per 100,000 person-years, increasing to 112 per 100,000 person-years for males aged 75 to 85 years, and further increasing to 298 per 100,000 person-years for those older than 85.

• #8 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms

  The UK national screening programme (which enrols men at age 65) suggests a prevalence of about 1.3% in this population. The prevalence is falling. […] The prevalence of AAAs is approximately 6 times lower in women, but the rate of aneurysm rupture is significantly higher. […] Screening by ultrasound is feasible to allow early diagnosis. The idea is to offer a single scan to men aged 65. If negative, this effectively rules out AAA for life. The roll-out of the NHS AAA Screening Programme in England began in 2009. […] Men aged 65 and over are most at risk of AAAs. Men who are resident in England receive an invitation in the post for screening when they are aged 64 or 65. Men over 65 who have not received an invitation can contact their local AAA screening service to make an appointment. […] Any women, or men under 65 who think they are at higher risk (eg, family history of the condition) have the possibility of having a scan outside the screening programme.

• #9

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The prevalence of AAA fell about one third during the decade from around 1.2% to 0.8%. […] During the decade, 7,500 men with a large AAA were referred for treatment (1,558 from their first scan and 5,614 from surveillance monitoring). […] The risk-adjusted elective mortality for intervention was 0.5% for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and 3.0% for open repair. […] In all men aged 65 and over in England and Wales, the proportion of deaths recorded as being from rAAA fell from around 1.0% to 0.6%. […] It can be concluded that the AAA screening programmes in the UK are effective and contribute substantially to ongoing reductions in AAA-related mortality (deaths). […] The AAA screening programmes in the UK aim to reduce AAA-related deaths in men by identifying aneurysms at a stage before rupture is likely to have occurred. Surveillance and treatment can then be offered at the appropriate stage to reduce the risk of AAA rupture, emergency hospital treatment, and death.

• #10 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-overview

  In autopsy studies, the frequency rate of AAA has ranged from 0.5% to 3.2%. In a large US Veterans Affairs screening study, the prevalence was 1.4%. […] Ruptured AAA is the 13th-leading cause of death in the United States, causing an estimated 15,000 deaths per year. The frequency of rupture has been reported to be 4.4 cases per 100,000 persons. The reported incidence of rupture has ranged from 1 to 21 cases per 100,000 person-years. Despite increased survival following diagnosis, incidence and crude mortality and morbidity seem to be increasing. […] The frequency of asymptomatic AAA has been reported to be 8.2% in the United Kingdom, 8.8% in Italy, 4.2% in Denmark, and 8.5% in Sweden (in males only). The reported frequency of AAA in females has been much lower, 0.6-1.4%. The frequency of AAA rupture has been reported to be 6.9 cases per 100,000 persons in Sweden, 4.8 cases per 100,000 in Finland, and 13 cases per 100,000 in the United Kingdom.

• #11 Abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5 times more common in men than women. […] The disease tends to affect older Caucasian males and is 3.5 times more common in Caucasian men than in African-American men. […] In the US, the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is 2-4% in the adult population. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm is uncommon in individuals of African, African American, Asian and Hispanic heritage. […] The frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm is much higher in smokers than in non-smokers (8:1).

• #12 Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-risk-factors-pathogenesis-and-natural-history-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

  Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm […] The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is 3 to 8 percent in screening studies, affecting predominantly males. However, AAAs found on screening are generally small; those measuring ≥5.5 cm or greater are found in only 0.4 to 0.6 percent of those screened. Because the incidence of AAA rises sharply in individuals over 60 years of age, the future prevalence of AAA could increase substantially in association with the aging population. On the other hand, some suggest that a reduction in the prevalence of smoking could have the opposite effect, with several studies citing a lower prevalence of AAA in 65- to 80-year-old White adults. […] The annual incidence of new AAA diagnoses is approximately 0.4 to 0.67 percent in Western populations. This equates to 2.5 to 6.5 aneurysms per 1000 person-years. Age significantly impacts the incidence. As an example, in one study, among males aged 65 to 74 years, the incidence was 55 per 100,000 person-years, increasing to 112 per 100,000 person-years for males aged 75 to 85 years, and further increasing to 298 per 100,000 person-years for those older than 85.

• #13 Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-risk-factors-pathogenesis-and-natural-history-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

  The incidence of AAA discovery may be decreasing, however. In a screening study that included 81,150 men, the overall prevalence of screen-detected AAA (diameter >3.0 cm) was 3.4 percent, decreasing from 5.0 percent in 1991 to 1.3 percent in 2015. AAA expansion rates were unchanged. Among males who initially had a subaneurysmal aorta (2.6 to 2.9 cm), 57.6 percent were estimated to develop an AAA of ≥3.0 cm within 5 years of the initial scan, and 28.0 percent to develop a large AAA (>5.5 cm) within 15 years.

• #14 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for AAA with ultrasonography in women aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked or have a family history of AAA. […] The prevalence of AAA has declined over the past 2 decades among screened men 65 years or older in various countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Sweden, and Denmark. […] Population-based studies in men older than 60 years have found an AAA prevalence ranging from 1.2% to 3.3%. […] The reduction in prevalence is attributed to the decrease in smoking prevalence over time. […] The current prevalence of AAA in the United States is unclear because of the low uptake of screening. […] Most AAAs are asymptomatic until they rupture. […] Although the risk for rupture varies greatly by aneurysm size, the associated risk for death with rupture is as high as 81%.

• #15 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470237/

  Based on autopsy studies, the frequency of these aneurysms varies from 0.5% to 3%. The incidence of AAAs increases after age 60 and peaks in the seventh and eighth decades of life. White men have the highest risk of developing AAAs, whereas they are relatively uncommon in Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals. […] Data derived from Life Line Screening and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2006) database reveal a prevalence of 1.4% in individuals aged 50 to 84, equivalent to 1.1 million AAAs studied. […] With the increased use of ultrasound, diagnosis of AAA is common. Diagnosis are common in smokers and older White men. Although autopsy studies may under-represent the incidence of AAA, results from a study conducted in Malmo, Sweden revealed a prevalence of 4.3% in men and 2.1% in women as detected by ultrasound.

• #16 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-overview

  The incidence of AAA begins to increase sharply after 50 years of age and peaks in the eighth decade of life. In women, the onset of this increase is delayed and appears to occur at approximately age 60 years. […] The male-to-female incidence ratio in people younger than 80 years is 2:1. In those older than 80 years, the ratio is 1:1. After menopause, women may experience faster AAA growth (particularly of fusiform aneurysms) and at smaller sizes than men do; this suggests that it might be advisable to carry out surveillance in postmenopausal women at shorter intervals than those specified in SVS guidelines. […] White men have the highest incidence of AAA (~3.5 times that in Black men). AAAs are uncommon in African Americans, Asians, and persons of Hispanic heritage.

• #17 Abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the 13th leading cause of death in the US. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are more common in developed countries. Elderly, caucasian males who are smokers are at a higher risk for developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms increases after age 60 and peaks in the seventh and eighth decades of life. […] The prevalence among males over 60 years is 2000-6000/100,000. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a disease of the elderly, and is the 10th leading cause of death in older men in the United States. […] An individual’s risk of AAA increases by 6% per decade of life. […] Rupture of the AAA occurs in 1-3% of men aged 65 or more with an associated mortality rate of 70-95%. […] AAA tends to cluster in families, therefore affecting younger members of families in the absence of traditional acquired risk factors.

• #18 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0415/p538.html

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm refers to abdominal aortic dilation of 3.0 cm or greater. The main risk factors are age older than 65 years, male sex, and smoking history. Other risk factors include a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and previous myocardial infarction. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released updated recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in 2014. Men 65 to 75 years of age with a history of smoking should undergo one-time screening with ultrasonography based on evidence that screening will improve abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality in this population. […] There is inconclusive evidence to recommend screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in women 65 to 75 years of age with a smoking history. Women without a smoking history should not undergo screening because the harms likely outweigh the benefits.

• #19 Abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5 times more common in men than women. […] The disease tends to affect older Caucasian males and is 3.5 times more common in Caucasian men than in African-American men. […] In the US, the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is 2-4% in the adult population. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm is uncommon in individuals of African, African American, Asian and Hispanic heritage. […] The frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm is much higher in smokers than in non-smokers (8:1).

• #20 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-overview

  The incidence of AAA begins to increase sharply after 50 years of age and peaks in the eighth decade of life. In women, the onset of this increase is delayed and appears to occur at approximately age 60 years. […] The male-to-female incidence ratio in people younger than 80 years is 2:1. In those older than 80 years, the ratio is 1:1. After menopause, women may experience faster AAA growth (particularly of fusiform aneurysms) and at smaller sizes than men do; this suggests that it might be advisable to carry out surveillance in postmenopausal women at shorter intervals than those specified in SVS guidelines. […] White men have the highest incidence of AAA (~3.5 times that in Black men). AAAs are uncommon in African Americans, Asians, and persons of Hispanic heritage.

• #21 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  Indirect evidence shows that smoking is the strongest predictor of AAA prevalence, growth, and rupture rates. […] Family history of AAA in a first-degree relative doubles the risk of developing AAA. […] The primary method of screening for AAA is conventional abdominal duplex ultrasonography. […] Evidence is adequate to support 1-time screening for men who have ever smoked. […] The majority of screen-detected AAAs (90%) are between 3.0 and 5.5 cm in diameter and thus below the usual threshold for surgery. […] The current standard of care for patients with stable smaller aneurysms is to maintain ultrasound surveillance at regular intervals because the risk of rupture is small. […] The estimated prevalence of AAA in women is reportedly less than that in men. […] Operative mortality associated with AAA is higher in women than in men.

• #22 Abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5 times more common in men than women. […] The disease tends to affect older Caucasian males and is 3.5 times more common in Caucasian men than in African-American men. […] In the US, the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is 2-4% in the adult population. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm is uncommon in individuals of African, African American, Asian and Hispanic heritage. […] The frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm is much higher in smokers than in non-smokers (8:1).

• #23

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00423-016-1401-8

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common degenerative vascular disorder associated with sudden death due to aortic rupture. […] The hospital admission rate for rAAA is decreasing and is now in the range of approximately 10 per 100,000 population in men. […] Smoking contributes to about 50 % of population risk for rupture or surgically treated AAA. […] Aneurysm diameter is the most prominent predisposing factor for aneurysm growth and rupture. […] Wall stress, aneurysm shape and geometry, intraluminal thrombus, wall thickness, calcification, and metabolic activity influence the rupture risk. […] The best conservative option to avoid AAA rupture consists in smoking cessation and control of hypertension. […] Many biological factors influence rupture risk.

• #24 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  Indirect evidence shows that smoking is the strongest predictor of AAA prevalence, growth, and rupture rates. […] Family history of AAA in a first-degree relative doubles the risk of developing AAA. […] The primary method of screening for AAA is conventional abdominal duplex ultrasonography. […] Evidence is adequate to support 1-time screening for men who have ever smoked. […] The majority of screen-detected AAAs (90%) are between 3.0 and 5.5 cm in diameter and thus below the usual threshold for surgery. […] The current standard of care for patients with stable smaller aneurysms is to maintain ultrasound surveillance at regular intervals because the risk of rupture is small. […] The estimated prevalence of AAA in women is reportedly less than that in men. […] Operative mortality associated with AAA is higher in women than in men.

• #25 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-overview

  The incidence of AAA begins to increase sharply after 50 years of age and peaks in the eighth decade of life. In women, the onset of this increase is delayed and appears to occur at approximately age 60 years. […] The male-to-female incidence ratio in people younger than 80 years is 2:1. In those older than 80 years, the ratio is 1:1. After menopause, women may experience faster AAA growth (particularly of fusiform aneurysms) and at smaller sizes than men do; this suggests that it might be advisable to carry out surveillance in postmenopausal women at shorter intervals than those specified in SVS guidelines. […] White men have the highest incidence of AAA (~3.5 times that in Black men). AAAs are uncommon in African Americans, Asians, and persons of Hispanic heritage.

• #26 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470237/

  Based on autopsy studies, the frequency of these aneurysms varies from 0.5% to 3%. The incidence of AAAs increases after age 60 and peaks in the seventh and eighth decades of life. White men have the highest risk of developing AAAs, whereas they are relatively uncommon in Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals. […] Data derived from Life Line Screening and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2006) database reveal a prevalence of 1.4% in individuals aged 50 to 84, equivalent to 1.1 million AAAs studied. […] With the increased use of ultrasound, diagnosis of AAA is common. Diagnosis are common in smokers and older White men. Although autopsy studies may under-represent the incidence of AAA, results from a study conducted in Malmo, Sweden revealed a prevalence of 4.3% in men and 2.1% in women as detected by ultrasound.

• #27 Abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm is 5 times more common in men than women. […] The disease tends to affect older Caucasian males and is 3.5 times more common in Caucasian men than in African-American men. […] In the US, the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is 2-4% in the adult population. […] Abdominal aortic aneurysm is uncommon in individuals of African, African American, Asian and Hispanic heritage. […] The frequency of abdominal aortic aneurysm is much higher in smokers than in non-smokers (8:1).

• #28 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0415/p538.html

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm refers to abdominal aortic dilation of 3.0 cm or greater. The main risk factors are age older than 65 years, male sex, and smoking history. Other risk factors include a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and previous myocardial infarction. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released updated recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in 2014. Men 65 to 75 years of age with a history of smoking should undergo one-time screening with ultrasonography based on evidence that screening will improve abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality in this population. […] There is inconclusive evidence to recommend screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in women 65 to 75 years of age with a smoking history. Women without a smoking history should not undergo screening because the harms likely outweigh the benefits.

• #29

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2023/06000/the_global_and_regional_prevalence_of_abdominal.9.aspx

  A substantial proportion of people are affected by AAA. There is a need to optimize epidemiological studies to promptly respond to at-risk and identified cases to improve outcomes. […] Epidemiological reports on AAA vary across age, sex, and locations worldwide. […] Most studies have identified advanced age, male sex, ever smoking, high blood pressure, and family history of AAA as the most important risk factors driving the burden of AAA. […] In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) collaborators reported that AAA accounted for ~170,000 deaths and 3 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide. […] Despite these figures, the true global burden of AAA remains vague. […] Many have also projected that high systolic blood pressure may surpass the contributions of smoking to AAA, which is likely to lead to a rebounding trend in AAA burden and deaths.

• #30 Understanding abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology: socioeconomic position affects outcome | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

  https://jech.bmj.com/content/72/10/904

  Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been demonstrated to negatively influence outcome in several cardiovascular patient groups. […] The aim of this study was to analyse time trends of incidence of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (iAAA) and ruptured AAA (rAAA), respectively, and to investigate whether SEP had any influence on the probability to present with rupture and, finally, to determine the impact of SEP on outcome. […] The number of individuals with an AAA was 41 222; the majority were identified as iAAA 33 254 (80.7%) and 7968 (19.3%) as rAAA. Time trends showed decreasing incidence of rAAA but increase in iAAA during the study period. […] Individuals with low income or low educational level were more likely to present with a rAAA rather than iAAA: OR 2.16 (95 % CI 1.98 to 2.36, p0.001) and OR 1.33 (95 % CI 1.21 to 1.46, p0.001), respectively.

• #31

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2023/06000/the_global_and_regional_prevalence_of_abdominal.9.aspx

  The GBD collaborators corroborated this, with a gradually plateauing decreasing global mortality, and an apparent increase in AAA-related mortality across Central Asia, North Africa, and Central and Eastern Europe. […] The overall study approach has been described in detail in the Appendix, Supplemental Digital Content 1. […] In this study, we have extracted data on AAA prevalence and associated factors spread over 2 decades (2000-2021), and involving ~63,000 AAA cases and 6.8 million participants from 19 countries. […] We estimated the highest and lowest prevalence (and cases) in WPR and AFR, respectively, with an overall 4-times higher rate in men compared with women. […] Multiple factors, such as advanced age, male sex, CVDs, and CVD risks, were revealed to be positively associated with AAA, but diabetes was negatively associated with AAA.

• #32 Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening/

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening is offered to all men over the age of 64. […] AAA screening can help find an abdominal aortic aneurysm early. This means it can be monitored and treated, if needed, so it’s less likely to burst (rupture), which can be life threatening. […] All men living in England are invited for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening the year they turn 65. […] AAA screening is recommended for anyone assigned male at birth. […] Men are invited for AAA screening because they’re more likely to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] AAA screening is not usually offered to people with a lower risk of getting an abdominal aortic aneurysm, including: men under 65, women, people who have already had treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] If you’re not eligible for AAA screening but you think you’re at higher risk of getting an abdominal aortic aneurysm, talk to a GP about the possibility of getting a scan.

• #33

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The test is a one-off ultrasound scan offered to men in their 65th year. […] Men with an aorta below 3.0cm in diameter are reassured and discharged. Men found to have a small (3.0cm to 4.4cm) or medium (4.5cm to 5.4cm) aneurysm are offered surveillance annually and quarterly, respectively. […] Men with an aneurysm measuring 5.5cm or more are referred to a specialised vascular service for consideration of intervention. […] The following effectiveness review aims to determine if the AAA screening programmes in the UK can be considered effective. […] The main finding of this review is the steady decline in deaths in men from rAAA during the decade of study. […] The screening programme itself has been shown to be effective. Almost 3.5 million men have been invited for screening, with an uptake of around 80% – higher than almost all the adult national screening programmes.

• #34 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. […] The USPSTF recommends 1-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with ultrasonography in men aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked. […] The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer screening for AAA with ultrasonography in men aged 65 to 75 years who have never smoked rather than routinely screening all men in this group. […] Evidence indicates that the net benefit of screening all men in this group is small. […] The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for AAA with ultrasonography in women who have never smoked and have no family history of AAA.

• #35 Updates on AAA screening and surveillance

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/may/aaa-screening-and-surveillance

  On the basis of evidence showing substantial benefit, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends one-time ultrasonography screening for men aged 65-75 years who have ever smoked. Selective screening for men in the same age group but with no smoking history still offers moderate public health benefit. […] The justification for screening programs has been further revisited by the publication of a 2017 meta-analysis of all reported trials, which concluded that screening reduces AAA-related deaths (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.93, P 0.02). A reduction in overall mortality in the invited men was also shown (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99, P = 0.003). […] Targeted population screening has been welcomed in some countries as there is evidence for a reduction in AAA-related deaths and improvement in cardiovascular outcomes in patients on surveillance, particularly men.

• #36 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. […] The USPSTF recommends 1-time screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with ultrasonography in men aged 65 to 75 years who have ever smoked. […] The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer screening for AAA with ultrasonography in men aged 65 to 75 years who have never smoked rather than routinely screening all men in this group. […] Evidence indicates that the net benefit of screening all men in this group is small. […] The USPSTF recommends against routine screening for AAA with ultrasonography in women who have never smoked and have no family history of AAA.

• #37 Updates on AAA screening and surveillance

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/may/aaa-screening-and-surveillance

  Screening and diagnostic surveillance of latent conditions have a profound impact on public healthcare expenditure and clinical outcomes. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains one of the hallmark pathologies in vascular surgery and an area of intense research interest. […] Screening and surveillance of AAA should be evidence-based and follow clinical guidelines; however, advances in treatment technology and epidemiological data have influenced results. Goals of care and cost-effectiveness should play central parts in screening and surveillance strategies. […] There are no official AAA screening programs in Australia, despite population screening programs in the UK and Sweden, where there is an 80% uptake, and numerous other European countries. Australian Medicare rules prohibit reimbursement for population screening studies; however, targeted screening of individual patients, on the basis of age, smoking history and family history of AAA, can be requested by any medical practitioner and is funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule in Australia as part of clinically justified investigations.

• #38 Updates on AAA screening and surveillance

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/may/aaa-screening-and-surveillance

  Screening and diagnostic surveillance of latent conditions have a profound impact on public healthcare expenditure and clinical outcomes. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains one of the hallmark pathologies in vascular surgery and an area of intense research interest. […] Screening and surveillance of AAA should be evidence-based and follow clinical guidelines; however, advances in treatment technology and epidemiological data have influenced results. Goals of care and cost-effectiveness should play central parts in screening and surveillance strategies. […] There are no official AAA screening programs in Australia, despite population screening programs in the UK and Sweden, where there is an 80% uptake, and numerous other European countries. Australian Medicare rules prohibit reimbursement for population screening studies; however, targeted screening of individual patients, on the basis of age, smoking history and family history of AAA, can be requested by any medical practitioner and is funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule in Australia as part of clinically justified investigations.

• #39 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  The SVS recommends one-time screening for all patients /= 65yo with any history of tobacco use as well as first degree relatives of AAA patients regardless of tobacco history. […] We recommend a one-time ultrasound screening for AAAs in men or women 65 to 75 years of age with a history of tobacco use. […] We suggest ultrasound screening for AAA in first-degree relatives of patients who present with an AAA. Screening should be performed in first-degree relatives who are between 65 and 75 years of age or in those older than 75 years and in good health. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 3-year intervals for patients with an AAA between 3.0 and 3.9 cm. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 12-month intervals for patients with an AAA of 4.0 to 4.9 cm in diameter. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 6-month intervals for patients with an AAA between 5.0 and 5.4 cm in diameter.

• #40 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0415/p538.html

  Persons who have a stable abdominal aortic aneurysm should undergo regular surveillance or operative intervention depending on aneurysm size. […] The natural history of AAA shows that as aneurysms increase in size, they expand at a greater rate and the risk of rupture increases. Therefore, in persons found to have aneurysms on initial screening, regular surveillance is needed every six months to three years, depending on aneurysm size. […] Current guidelines do not advocate rescreening persons with an aortic diameter smaller than 3.0 cm.

• #41 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  The SVS recommends one-time screening for all patients /= 65yo with any history of tobacco use as well as first degree relatives of AAA patients regardless of tobacco history. […] We recommend a one-time ultrasound screening for AAAs in men or women 65 to 75 years of age with a history of tobacco use. […] We suggest ultrasound screening for AAA in first-degree relatives of patients who present with an AAA. Screening should be performed in first-degree relatives who are between 65 and 75 years of age or in those older than 75 years and in good health. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 3-year intervals for patients with an AAA between 3.0 and 3.9 cm. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 12-month intervals for patients with an AAA of 4.0 to 4.9 cm in diameter. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 6-month intervals for patients with an AAA between 5.0 and 5.4 cm in diameter.

• #42 Guidance for Surveillance of Isolated Common Iliac Artery and Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/guidance-for-surveillance-of-isolated-common-iliac-artery-and-small-abdominal-aortic-aneurysms

  Most small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and isolated common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAAs) can safely be monitored every three years with duplex ultrasound, with larger ones needing more frequent surveillance. […] The current recommendations from professional societies are based on a large amount of low-quality data and information from older databases, says Cleveland Clinic vascular surgeon Jarrad Rowse, MD, lead author of the study on small AAAs and a co-author of the study on CIAAs. […] Current Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for monitoring small AAAs every three years for aneurysm diameters of 3.0 to 3.9 cm, and annually for diameters of 4.0 to 4.9 cm are based on low-quality evidence and provide no patient-specific guidance. […] The authors write that their findings support the following surveillance schedule: For diameters 3.0 to 3.9 cm, every three years; For diameters 4.0 to 4.9 cm, annually for men; For women approaching the 5.0 cm threshold for intervention (threshold is 5.5 cm for men), closer surveillance is recommended.

• #43 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  The SVS recommends one-time screening for all patients /= 65yo with any history of tobacco use as well as first degree relatives of AAA patients regardless of tobacco history. […] We recommend a one-time ultrasound screening for AAAs in men or women 65 to 75 years of age with a history of tobacco use. […] We suggest ultrasound screening for AAA in first-degree relatives of patients who present with an AAA. Screening should be performed in first-degree relatives who are between 65 and 75 years of age or in those older than 75 years and in good health. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 3-year intervals for patients with an AAA between 3.0 and 3.9 cm. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 12-month intervals for patients with an AAA of 4.0 to 4.9 cm in diameter. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 6-month intervals for patients with an AAA between 5.0 and 5.4 cm in diameter.

• #44 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Guidelines: SVS Guidelines on Care of Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-guidelines

  Surveillance imaging at 12-month intervals is recommended for patients with an AAA of 4.0 to 4.9 cm in diameter. […] Increased utilization of color duplex ultrasonography is suggested for postoperative surveillance after EVAR in the absence of endoleak or aneurysm expansion. […] The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) issued updated guidelines on the care of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).

• #45 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  The SVS recommends one-time screening for all patients /= 65yo with any history of tobacco use as well as first degree relatives of AAA patients regardless of tobacco history. […] We recommend a one-time ultrasound screening for AAAs in men or women 65 to 75 years of age with a history of tobacco use. […] We suggest ultrasound screening for AAA in first-degree relatives of patients who present with an AAA. Screening should be performed in first-degree relatives who are between 65 and 75 years of age or in those older than 75 years and in good health. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 3-year intervals for patients with an AAA between 3.0 and 3.9 cm. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 12-month intervals for patients with an AAA of 4.0 to 4.9 cm in diameter. […] We suggest surveillance imaging at 6-month intervals for patients with an AAA between 5.0 and 5.4 cm in diameter.

• #46 Aortic aneurysms Screening, surveillance and referral

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/june/aortic-aneurysms

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is rare in people aged less than 50 years, but prevalence then rises sharply with increasing age. Abdominal aortic aneurysm affects approximately 47% of men and 12% of women over the age of 65 years. Established risk factors for AAA include advancing age, male gender, smoking and family history. The burden of aneurysmal disease seems to be stable in Australia, with approximately 4600 hospital separations for non-ruptured and ruptured AAA each year between 1998 and 2008. Approximately 1000 deaths annually are attributed to aortic aneurysms. The natural history is ongoing expansion, with increased risk of rupture as the aneurysm enlarges. Aneurysms 5.5 cm expand at an average rate of 23 mm each year, with larger aneurysms expanding more rapidly. Aneurysms 5.5 cm diameter in men, and 5.0 cm in women, are at significant risk of rupture and should be considered for repair unless major contraindications exist.

• #47 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7153-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

  Surveillance is typically appropriate when the AAA has a diameter of less than 5.5 centimeters in males or less than 5.0 centimeters in females. The aneurysm also shouldnt be causing any symptoms. […] You’ll have an ultrasound or CT scan at regular intervals depending on the size of the aneurysm. Larger aneurysms need imaging more often. […] Treatment depends on the size of the aneurysm, which is the main factor that determines its risk of rupturing. […] Small aneurysms may not need treatment right away. Instead, your provider will monitor the aneurysm through regular ultrasound tests or CT (computed tomography) scans. This approach is called surveillance. […] Lifestyle changes and medications wont shrink the aneurysm (currently there’s no treatment that can do this). But these measures may help slow aneurysm growth and lower your risk of other cardiovascular problems. […] Researchers continue to explore medications and other treatments that may limit or stop the growth of small AAAs.

• #48

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The test is a one-off ultrasound scan offered to men in their 65th year. […] Men with an aorta below 3.0cm in diameter are reassured and discharged. Men found to have a small (3.0cm to 4.4cm) or medium (4.5cm to 5.4cm) aneurysm are offered surveillance annually and quarterly, respectively. […] Men with an aneurysm measuring 5.5cm or more are referred to a specialised vascular service for consideration of intervention. […] The following effectiveness review aims to determine if the AAA screening programmes in the UK can be considered effective. […] The main finding of this review is the steady decline in deaths in men from rAAA during the decade of study. […] The screening programme itself has been shown to be effective. Almost 3.5 million men have been invited for screening, with an uptake of around 80% – higher than almost all the adult national screening programmes.

• #49

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/supplementary-data-tables

  The coverage measure for Scotland changed in 2021 from the proportion of men offered a screen who were tested before reaching age 66 and 3 months to the number of men eligible for a screen who were tested before reaching age 66 and 3 months. […] Men with small (3.0cm to 4.4cm) aneurysms are offered annual surveillance scans and men with medium aneurysms (4.5cm to 5.4cm) are offered quarterly scans. […] The graphs in Figure A5 shows how uptake of the annual surveillance scan remained consistently high at above 80% in England, Wales and Northern Ireland between 2013 to 2023, apart from in 2020 to 2021 during the COVID19 pandemic when a dip in uptake can be seen in all 3 nations. […] The graph in Figure A7 shows how the coverage of the annual surveillance scan remained consistently high above 80% in England, Wales and Northern Ireland between 2013 to 2023, apart from in 2020 to 2021 during the COVID19 pandemic when a dip in coverage can be seen in all 3 nations. […] The graph in Figure A8 shows how the coverage of the quarterly surveillance scan remained consistently high above 80% in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland between 2013 to 2023, apart from in 2020 to 2021 during the COVID19 pandemic when a dip in coverage can be seen in all 3 nations.

• #50 Aortic aneurysms Screening, surveillance and referral

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/june/aortic-aneurysms

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is rare in people aged less than 50 years, but prevalence then rises sharply with increasing age. Abdominal aortic aneurysm affects approximately 47% of men and 12% of women over the age of 65 years. Established risk factors for AAA include advancing age, male gender, smoking and family history. The burden of aneurysmal disease seems to be stable in Australia, with approximately 4600 hospital separations for non-ruptured and ruptured AAA each year between 1998 and 2008. Approximately 1000 deaths annually are attributed to aortic aneurysms. The natural history is ongoing expansion, with increased risk of rupture as the aneurysm enlarges. Aneurysms 5.5 cm expand at an average rate of 23 mm each year, with larger aneurysms expanding more rapidly. Aneurysms 5.5 cm diameter in men, and 5.0 cm in women, are at significant risk of rupture and should be considered for repair unless major contraindications exist.

• #51 Epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-risk-factors-pathogenesis-and-natural-history-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm

  The incidence of AAA discovery may be decreasing, however. In a screening study that included 81,150 men, the overall prevalence of screen-detected AAA (diameter >3.0 cm) was 3.4 percent, decreasing from 5.0 percent in 1991 to 1.3 percent in 2015. AAA expansion rates were unchanged. Among males who initially had a subaneurysmal aorta (2.6 to 2.9 cm), 57.6 percent were estimated to develop an AAA of ≥3.0 cm within 5 years of the initial scan, and 28.0 percent to develop a large AAA (>5.5 cm) within 15 years.

• #52 Recommendation: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening

  Evidence is insufficient to accurately characterize current practice patterns related to screening for AAA in women. […] This recommendation incorporates new evidence and replaces the 2014 USPSTF recommendation. […] The USPSTF examined evidence regarding the effectiveness of 1-time and repeated screening for AAA, the associated harms of screening, and the benefits and harms of available treatments for small AAAs (3.0-5.4 cm in diameter) identified through screening. […] Ultrasonography is the primary method used to screen for AAA in primary care because of its high sensitivity (94%-100%) and specificity (98%-100%). […] Each of the 4 older screening trials and a more recent population-based screening RCT showed an increase in elective operations in the intervention vs control group.

• #53 Abdominal aortic aneurysm | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm?lang=us

  Abdominal aortic aneurysms represent the tenth most common cause of death in the Western world: […] prevalence increases with age […] ~10% of patients older than 65 years have an AAA […] males are much more commonly affected than females (4:1 male/female ratio). […] Imaging has a crucial role in diagnosis and active surveillance. […] Ultrasound is optimal for general AAA screening and surveillance because it is fast, spares the use of ionizing radiation and intravenous contrast, and is relatively inexpensive. […] The natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysms is variable. Some small aneurysms do not appear to change, while others slowly expand and become at risk for eventual rupture. […] In terms of imaging, there remains debate about the best criteria for predicting AAA rupture and, therefore, indications for operative intervention.

• #54 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model – Philips

  https://www.usa.philips.com/healthcare/technology/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-model

  Abdominal aortic aneurysms cause more than 175,000 deaths globally every year, with an 80% mortality rate if ruptured. […] Routine surveillance of AAAs is important, yet imaging modalities in the current standard of care are associated with significant drawbacks such as inter-operator variability of 2D ultrasound and patient exposure to radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents in CT exams. […] The low cost of ultrasound is one reason that it has become the preferred imaging modality for aneurysm screening and surveillance.

• #55 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  We recommend CT imaging for patients thought to have symptomatic AAA (abdominal or back pain with known AAA, risk factors for AAA, etc.). […] We recommend a CT scan to evaluate patients thought to have AAA presenting with recent-onset abdominal or back pain, particularly in the presence of a pulsatile epigastric mass or significant risk factors for AAA. […] Referral to a vascular surgeon is recommended at the time of AAA diagnosis. […] We recommend repair for the patient who presents with an AAA and abdominal or back pain that is likely to be attributed to the aneurysm. […] We recommend elective repair for the patient at low or acceptable surgical risk with a fusiform AAA that is 5.5 cm. […] We recommend smoking cessation to reduce the risk of AAA growth and rupture. […] We suggest not administering statins, doxycycline, roxithromycin, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers for the sole purpose of reducing the risk of AAA expansion and rupture. […] We suggest noncontrast-enhanced CT imaging of the entire aorta at 5-year intervals after open repair or EVAR.

• #56 Surveillance of abdominal aortic aneurysm using accelerated 3D non-contrast black-blood cardiovascular magnetic resonance with compressed sensing (CS-DANTE-SPACE) | Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance | Full Text

  https://jcmr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12968-019-0571-2

  3D non-contrast high-resolution black-blood cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) (DANTE-SPACE) has been used for surveillance of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and validated against computed tomography (CT) angiography. […] CS-DANTE-SPACE can reduce scan time while maintaining image quality for AAA imaging. It is a promising tool for the surveillance of patients with AAA disease in the clinical setting. […] The use of non-contrast black-blood CMR for AAA surveillance has several advantages compared with other imaging modalities: 1) it has excellent accuracy and reproducibility which is comparable to gold standard CTA; 2) it does not require ionizing radiation and/or iodinated contrast comparing to CTA or non-contrast CT; 3) it can characterize ILT composition which is a novel marker for AAA progression while ultrasound and CT cannot.

• #57 Philips launches new Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Model – News | Philips

  https://www.philips.com/a-w/about/news/archive/standard/news/press/2021/20210127-philips-integrates-3d-ultrasound-with-innovative-software-for-breakthrough-in-surveillance-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysms.html

  Philips Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Model helps increase diagnostic confidence and improved patient experience compared to current standard of care. […] A ruptured AAA has an 80% mortality rate, emphasizing the importance of routine surveillance. […] Regular surveillance of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients is essential, but today’s standard of care has downsides, said Bich Le, Senior Vice President, General Manager Ultrasound at Philips. […] A recent clinical study showed that 3D ultrasound examination for native AAA surveillance has excellent inter-operator reproducibility, superior to that of 2D ultrasound, supporting the broader use of 3D ultrasound in standard AAA surveillance programs. […] 3D ultrasound has been shown to estimate the diameter and volume of an AAA with acceptable reproducibility and an improved agreement (over 2D ultrasound) with CT. […] Furthermore, 3D ultrasound has also been proven to correlate significantly better to 3D CT than 2D ultrasound for assessing the maximum diameter of the residual sac post-EVAR, with clinically acceptable reproducibility.

• #58 Philips launches new Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Model – News | Philips

  https://www.philips.com/a-w/about/news/archive/standard/news/press/2021/20210127-philips-integrates-3d-ultrasound-with-innovative-software-for-breakthrough-in-surveillance-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysms.html

  Philips Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Model helps increase diagnostic confidence and improved patient experience compared to current standard of care. […] A ruptured AAA has an 80% mortality rate, emphasizing the importance of routine surveillance. […] Regular surveillance of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients is essential, but today’s standard of care has downsides, said Bich Le, Senior Vice President, General Manager Ultrasound at Philips. […] A recent clinical study showed that 3D ultrasound examination for native AAA surveillance has excellent inter-operator reproducibility, superior to that of 2D ultrasound, supporting the broader use of 3D ultrasound in standard AAA surveillance programs. […] 3D ultrasound has been shown to estimate the diameter and volume of an AAA with acceptable reproducibility and an improved agreement (over 2D ultrasound) with CT. […] Furthermore, 3D ultrasound has also been proven to correlate significantly better to 3D CT than 2D ultrasound for assessing the maximum diameter of the residual sac post-EVAR, with clinically acceptable reproducibility.

• #59 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  We recommend CT imaging for patients thought to have symptomatic AAA (abdominal or back pain with known AAA, risk factors for AAA, etc.). […] We recommend a CT scan to evaluate patients thought to have AAA presenting with recent-onset abdominal or back pain, particularly in the presence of a pulsatile epigastric mass or significant risk factors for AAA. […] Referral to a vascular surgeon is recommended at the time of AAA diagnosis. […] We recommend repair for the patient who presents with an AAA and abdominal or back pain that is likely to be attributed to the aneurysm. […] We recommend elective repair for the patient at low or acceptable surgical risk with a fusiform AAA that is 5.5 cm. […] We recommend smoking cessation to reduce the risk of AAA growth and rupture. […] We suggest not administering statins, doxycycline, roxithromycin, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers for the sole purpose of reducing the risk of AAA expansion and rupture. […] We suggest noncontrast-enhanced CT imaging of the entire aorta at 5-year intervals after open repair or EVAR.

• #60 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Guidelines: SVS Guidelines on Care of Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-guidelines

  Surveillance imaging at 12-month intervals is recommended for patients with an AAA of 4.0 to 4.9 cm in diameter. […] Increased utilization of color duplex ultrasonography is suggested for postoperative surveillance after EVAR in the absence of endoleak or aneurysm expansion. […] The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) issued updated guidelines on the care of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs).

• #61 Updates on AAA screening and surveillance

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/may/aaa-screening-and-surveillance

  On the basis of evidence showing substantial benefit, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends one-time ultrasonography screening for men aged 65-75 years who have ever smoked. Selective screening for men in the same age group but with no smoking history still offers moderate public health benefit. […] The justification for screening programs has been further revisited by the publication of a 2017 meta-analysis of all reported trials, which concluded that screening reduces AAA-related deaths (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.93, P 0.02). A reduction in overall mortality in the invited men was also shown (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99, P = 0.003). […] Targeted population screening has been welcomed in some countries as there is evidence for a reduction in AAA-related deaths and improvement in cardiovascular outcomes in patients on surveillance, particularly men.

• #62 Being Well | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | Season 9 | Episode 1 | PBS

  https://www.pbs.org/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-rfpdwl/

  It’s more common in men than women. It’s more common as we get older. […] The surgery itself does not, but the risk factors that probably caused the patient to have coronary disease to the point where they need bypass are also the risk factors that predispose to aneurysmal disease. […] The most important thing is doing the screening exam. In fact, there’s been several studies where they compared, they took that population of patients I just talked about, men 65 who have smoked, and half the group got a screening exam and half did not. The patients who got that one screening exam were 75% less likely to die from an aneurysm. […] If you have a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms, first degree relative, mom, dad, brother, sister, you should probably get that exam at age 50, okay?

• #63

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The prevalence of AAA fell about one third during the decade from around 1.2% to 0.8%. […] During the decade, 7,500 men with a large AAA were referred for treatment (1,558 from their first scan and 5,614 from surveillance monitoring). […] The risk-adjusted elective mortality for intervention was 0.5% for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and 3.0% for open repair. […] In all men aged 65 and over in England and Wales, the proportion of deaths recorded as being from rAAA fell from around 1.0% to 0.6%. […] It can be concluded that the AAA screening programmes in the UK are effective and contribute substantially to ongoing reductions in AAA-related mortality (deaths). […] The AAA screening programmes in the UK aim to reduce AAA-related deaths in men by identifying aneurysms at a stage before rupture is likely to have occurred. Surveillance and treatment can then be offered at the appropriate stage to reduce the risk of AAA rupture, emergency hospital treatment, and death.

• #64 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  Every year, 200,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a dilation of the main artery within the abdomen. […] A ruptured AAA is the 15th leading cause of death in the country (~4,500 cases/yr) and the 10th leading cause of death in men older than 55. AAAs occur in up to 13 percent of men and 6 percent of women over the age of 65. […] Because the mortality associated with elective aneurysm repair is drastically lower than following repair of a ruptured AAA, the emphasis must be on early detection and repair prior to the occurrence of rupture. […] Death from AAA is preventable with early detection and appropriate, timely treatment. […] Screening for AAA in specific patient populations has been shown to improve disease mortality and can be done without any patient risk using duplex ultrasound.

• #65 Being Well | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | Season 9 | Episode 1 | PBS

  https://www.pbs.org/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-rfpdwl/

  So, we identify them, we follow them, we treat the risk factors, when and if they need to be fixed we do it electively before it’s an emergency. […] So, the aorta is the largest artery in our body. You know, it comes directly out of the heart, so yeah. Once that ruptures, it’s pretty quick. […] If we treat an aneurysm electively, the mortality or the chance that you’ll die is just around 2%. Like I told you, if it ruptures and we have to treat it, the chance that you’ll die is about 90%. […] If you’re a man between 65 and 75, if you’ve ever smoked, you get that screening exam. If you’re a woman of Medicare age with a family history, you get a free screening exam. […] If you have an abdominal aortic aneurysm, you have an increased likelihood of having a thoracic, so one in the chest, or even popliteal, which is the arteries behind the knees. […] So, if you’re at risk, get the screening exam. It may save your life.

• #66

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The aim of this report was to assess the effectiveness of population screening for AAA in men aged 65, by reviewing the AAA screening programmes across the UK between 2013 and 2023. […] The aim was to review the data collected by the 4 UK programmes in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Additionally, national statistics were obtained from the 4 nations on admissions to hospital for rAAA and deaths recorded with an underlying cause of rAAA. […] During the decade of the review, just over 3.5 million men aged 65 were eligible and invited for screening. Just under 80% of these men attended and had a definitive scan. Just over 1% of men had an abnormal scan result (a AAA measuring 3.0cm or more). Men with small AAAs were monitored with regular scans (surveillance) to make sure they did not grow to a dangerous size.

• #67

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The prevalence of AAA fell about one third during the decade from around 1.2% to 0.8%. […] During the decade, 7,500 men with a large AAA were referred for treatment (1,558 from their first scan and 5,614 from surveillance monitoring). […] The risk-adjusted elective mortality for intervention was 0.5% for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and 3.0% for open repair. […] In all men aged 65 and over in England and Wales, the proportion of deaths recorded as being from rAAA fell from around 1.0% to 0.6%. […] It can be concluded that the AAA screening programmes in the UK are effective and contribute substantially to ongoing reductions in AAA-related mortality (deaths). […] The AAA screening programmes in the UK aim to reduce AAA-related deaths in men by identifying aneurysms at a stage before rupture is likely to have occurred. Surveillance and treatment can then be offered at the appropriate stage to reduce the risk of AAA rupture, emergency hospital treatment, and death.

• #68

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The prevalence of AAA fell about one third during the decade from around 1.2% to 0.8%. […] During the decade, 7,500 men with a large AAA were referred for treatment (1,558 from their first scan and 5,614 from surveillance monitoring). […] The risk-adjusted elective mortality for intervention was 0.5% for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and 3.0% for open repair. […] In all men aged 65 and over in England and Wales, the proportion of deaths recorded as being from rAAA fell from around 1.0% to 0.6%. […] It can be concluded that the AAA screening programmes in the UK are effective and contribute substantially to ongoing reductions in AAA-related mortality (deaths). […] The AAA screening programmes in the UK aim to reduce AAA-related deaths in men by identifying aneurysms at a stage before rupture is likely to have occurred. Surveillance and treatment can then be offered at the appropriate stage to reduce the risk of AAA rupture, emergency hospital treatment, and death.

• #69 How a new abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program saves patients’ lives

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/how-a-new-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-surveillance-program-saves-patients-lives/2023/02

  In its first eight months, the program has identified over 11,600 patients with some mention of AAA who could benefit from monitoring. Over 10,600 patients were reviewed, and 950 patients who were lost to care are now under active surveillance and management by nurse navigators. […] Leveraging the Illuminate software, our nurse navigators have been able to efficiently review patients with aortic aneurysms and identify patients overdue for follow up, added Hickerson. This program greatly illustrates the high quality of care delivered at UC Davis Health, as we have invested in technology and services that provide follow up and thus been able to save lives.

• #70 New abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program saves patient’s life | Tate Kernell, PhD

  https://ke.linkedin.com/posts/otkernell_new-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-surveillance-activity-7029113128600686592-Rzbj

  Really cool article highlighting 13 patients lost to follow-up who needed life-saving surgery and were identified by my team’s AAA Discovery AI algorithm at a single client! […] The innovative aneurysm surveillance program we developed with UC Davis Health identifies at-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm patients who were lost-to-follow-up care. In the program’s first eight months, 950 patients who were lost to care are now under active surveillance and management by nurse navigators. Of those, 96 patients visited UC Davis Health, which resulted in 151 diagnostic imaging studies, one diagnostic angiogram, and 13 life-saving AAA surgical procedures. One such life-saving case was that of Tim Stottlemyer. This is an excellent example of how a simple lack of follow-up oversight could have had a catastrophic outcome. Instead, the surveillance programs nurse navigator caught the growing aneurysm before it ruptured, allowing him to get life-saving surgery in time.

• #71 How a new abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program saves patients’ lives

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/how-a-new-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-surveillance-program-saves-patients-lives/2023/02

  Aneurysms discovered prior to rupture need to be measured, closely monitored and evaluated for treatment. Small aneurysms can often be left untreated but must be checked periodically for growth. […] Efforts like our new surveillance program are saving lives, Kwong added. Being able to catch patients like Tim, who had aneurysms that were detected and who were not receiving follow-up care for whatever reason, allows us to treat their aneurysms when they are smaller and before they have ruptured. This makes their procedures much less complex and minimizes their risk of death. […] In collaboration with AI software company Illuminate, UC Davis Health began its centralized abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program in June 2022. The program identifies at-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients who may have been lost-to-follow-up because they missed care during the pandemic or other factors.

• #72 How a new abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program saves patients’ lives

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/how-a-new-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-surveillance-program-saves-patients-lives/2023/02

  Aneurysms discovered prior to rupture need to be measured, closely monitored and evaluated for treatment. Small aneurysms can often be left untreated but must be checked periodically for growth. […] Efforts like our new surveillance program are saving lives, Kwong added. Being able to catch patients like Tim, who had aneurysms that were detected and who were not receiving follow-up care for whatever reason, allows us to treat their aneurysms when they are smaller and before they have ruptured. This makes their procedures much less complex and minimizes their risk of death. […] In collaboration with AI software company Illuminate, UC Davis Health began its centralized abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program in June 2022. The program identifies at-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients who may have been lost-to-follow-up because they missed care during the pandemic or other factors.

• #73

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aaa-screening-programmes-in-the-uk-10-year-effectiveness-review/uk-aaa-screening-programmes-10-year-effectiveness-review

  The question is, how much of the reduction in death from rAAA is due to screening and how much is due to changes in disease prevalence and other improvements in healthcare? […] The best evidence comes from the NVR, where the reduction in the number of rAAA was by approximately two thirds in the screened cohort and only a half in the non-screened cohort. […] NHS AAA screening programmes are effective at identifying men with AAA and referring men for treatment. […] NHS AAA screening programmes remain cost effective at NICE willingness to pay thresholds, despite falling prevalence in 65-year-old men.

• #74 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Women: The Debate Continues – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2018-jan/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-in-women-the-debate-continues

  Most providers agree that a more rapid AAA growth rate is associated with an increased risk of rupture. […] The UK Small Aneurysm trial reported a fourfold higher risk of rupture for women than men. […] These data were confirmed in a study by Brown et al in patients unfit for elective AAA repair. […] In-hospital mortality is reportedly greater in women after endovascular repair per the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. […] It has also been reported that female sex is a predictor of longer hospital lengths of stay. […] Based on these data sets, consideration should be given to screening elderly women (those 65 years) who are past or current smokers. […] One additional question remains: Should the threshold of treatment for AAAs in women be the same threshold that is used to determine treatment in men? […] The debate surrounding the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of AAAs in women continues.

• #75 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Women: The Debate Continues – Endovascular Today

  https://evtoday.com/articles/2018-jan/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-in-women-the-debate-continues

  Most providers agree that a more rapid AAA growth rate is associated with an increased risk of rupture. […] The UK Small Aneurysm trial reported a fourfold higher risk of rupture for women than men. […] These data were confirmed in a study by Brown et al in patients unfit for elective AAA repair. […] In-hospital mortality is reportedly greater in women after endovascular repair per the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. […] It has also been reported that female sex is a predictor of longer hospital lengths of stay. […] Based on these data sets, consideration should be given to screening elderly women (those 65 years) who are past or current smokers. […] One additional question remains: Should the threshold of treatment for AAAs in women be the same threshold that is used to determine treatment in men? […] The debate surrounding the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of AAAs in women continues.

• #76 Understanding abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology: socioeconomic position affects outcome | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

  https://jech.bmj.com/content/72/10/904

  Low income was also associated with increased 90-day mortality and 1-year mortality after treatment for rAAA, OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.89, p=0.014) and OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.97, p=0.005). […] This large nationwide study showed a decreasing incidence of rAAA. Individuals with low SEP were found to have an augmented risk of presenting with rAAA rather than iAAA and, in addition, to fare worse after repair. Consequently, SEP should be regarded as a relevant risk factor that should be included in considerations for improved care flow of patients with AAA.

• #77 The Role of Aortic Volume in the Natural History of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Post-Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Surveillance

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/193

  It remains unclear whether volumetry could replace diameter assessment in defining the risk of rupture of AAAs and identifying clinically relevant sac growth. […] The monitoring of AAAs is mostly targeted to the sequential measurement of maximum abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter. […] Although a maximal aortic diameter of above 5.5 cm has been recognized to be associated with an increasing aneurysm rupture risk, studies have proven that up to 10% of AAAs with a diameter below 5 cm may still rupture. […] Measuring aneurysm volume has also been proposed to possibly add to AAA assessment and improve growth prediction and help in treatment strategies. […] EVAR has gained broad recognition as the treatment of choice in AAA patients with a favorable anatomy. […] Imaging surveillance after EVAR has been crucial in identifying graft-related complications and possibly averting rupture from persistent aneurysm sac enlargement.

• #78 The Role of Aortic Volume in the Natural History of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Post-Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Surveillance

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/193

  There has been a debate about whether maximum diameter can be solely used to assess the natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm. […] The aim of the present review is to collect all the available evidence on the role of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) volume in the natural history of AAAs, including small untreated AAAs and AAAs treated by EVAR. […] The current literature appears to reinforce the role of volume as a supplementary measure for evaluating the natural history of AAA, in both intact AAAs and after EVAR. […] The clinical impact of AAA volume measurements remains unclear. […] Several studies show that volumetric analysis can assess changes in AAAs and predict successful endoluminal exclusion after EVAR more accurately than diameter. […] However, most studies lack strict standardized measurement criteria and well-defined outcome definitions.

• #79

  https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/fulltext/2023/06000/the_global_and_regional_prevalence_of_abdominal.9.aspx

  Regional differences in AAA prevalence have been thought to mirror the differences in smoking prevalence and traditional cardiovascular risks in the respective regions. […] We also reaffirm the importance of smoking, male sex, and family history as leading risks of AAA globally, with the WPR the most affected region globally. […] We note a need to optimize epidemiological studies and existing structures for research in LMICs and resource-limited populations to promptly respond to at-risk and identified cases to improve outcomes.

• #80 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1979501-overview

  In autopsy studies, the frequency rate of AAA has ranged from 0.5% to 3.2%. In a large US Veterans Affairs screening study, the prevalence was 1.4%. […] Ruptured AAA is the 13th-leading cause of death in the United States, causing an estimated 15,000 deaths per year. The frequency of rupture has been reported to be 4.4 cases per 100,000 persons. The reported incidence of rupture has ranged from 1 to 21 cases per 100,000 person-years. Despite increased survival following diagnosis, incidence and crude mortality and morbidity seem to be increasing. […] The frequency of asymptomatic AAA has been reported to be 8.2% in the United Kingdom, 8.8% in Italy, 4.2% in Denmark, and 8.5% in Sweden (in males only). The reported frequency of AAA in females has been much lower, 0.6-1.4%. The frequency of AAA rupture has been reported to be 6.9 cases per 100,000 persons in Sweden, 4.8 cases per 100,000 in Finland, and 13 cases per 100,000 in the United Kingdom.

• #81 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  Every year, 200,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a dilation of the main artery within the abdomen. […] A ruptured AAA is the 15th leading cause of death in the country (~4,500 cases/yr) and the 10th leading cause of death in men older than 55. AAAs occur in up to 13 percent of men and 6 percent of women over the age of 65. […] Because the mortality associated with elective aneurysm repair is drastically lower than following repair of a ruptured AAA, the emphasis must be on early detection and repair prior to the occurrence of rupture. […] Death from AAA is preventable with early detection and appropriate, timely treatment. […] Screening for AAA in specific patient populations has been shown to improve disease mortality and can be done without any patient risk using duplex ultrasound.

• #82 Aortic aneurysm – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm

  According to a review of global data through 2019, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm worldwide was about 0.9% in people under age 79 years, and is about four times higher in men than in women at any age. […] The prevalence of AAA worldwide in 2019 was about 0.9% in people under age 79 years, whereas a 2014 review reported a range of 2-12%, occurring in about 8% of men more than 65 years of age. […] Screening for an aortic aneurysm so that it may be detected and treated prior to rupture is the best way to reduce the overall mortality of the disease. The most cost-efficient screening test is an abdominal aortic ultrasound study. Noting the results of several large, population-based screening trials, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) now provides payment for one ultrasound study in all smokers aged 65 years or older („SAAAVE Act”). […] Globally, aortic aneurysms resulted in about ~170,000 deaths in 2017. This figure represents an increase from approximately ~100,000 in 1990.

• #83 Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening/

  Finding an abdominal aortic aneurysm reduces the chance of it bursting (rupturing), which can be life threatening. […] The main test to find out if you have an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an ultrasound scan of your tummy. […] If an aneurysm is found during your scan, what happens next depends on the size of the aneurysm.

• #84 Being Well | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | Season 9 | Episode 1 | PBS

  https://www.pbs.org/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-rfpdwl/

  So, we identify them, we follow them, we treat the risk factors, when and if they need to be fixed we do it electively before it’s an emergency. […] So, the aorta is the largest artery in our body. You know, it comes directly out of the heart, so yeah. Once that ruptures, it’s pretty quick. […] If we treat an aneurysm electively, the mortality or the chance that you’ll die is just around 2%. Like I told you, if it ruptures and we have to treat it, the chance that you’ll die is about 90%. […] If you’re a man between 65 and 75, if you’ve ever smoked, you get that screening exam. If you’re a woman of Medicare age with a family history, you get a free screening exam. […] If you have an abdominal aortic aneurysm, you have an increased likelihood of having a thoracic, so one in the chest, or even popliteal, which is the arteries behind the knees. […] So, if you’re at risk, get the screening exam. It may save your life.

• #85 Abdominal aortic aneurysm – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/

  Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Peak incidence: 6070 years (rare in patients). […] Sex: 2:1. […] All men between 65 and 75 years of age with a history of smoking should be screened once with an ultrasound to exclude an AAA. […] Regular monitoring is essential because aneurysm size and expansion rate are strong predictors of the risk of rupture. […] Small (in men, in women), asymptomatic AAA can typically be observed with interval surveillance ultrasound. […] Follow-up frequency for AAA surveillance: Maximum diameter of the abdominal aorta; Recommended follow-up interval: In men, ultrasound every 3 years for 3-3.9 cm; ultrasound every 12 months for 4-4.9 cm; ultrasound every 6 months for 5.0 cm. […] The following lifestyle measures are thought to reduce the risk of developing an AAA: Smoking cessation, Eating nuts, fruits, and vegetables more than three times a week, Exercising more than once a week. […] Men aged 65-75 with a history of smoking should be screened with a one-time abdominal ultrasound.

• #86 How a new abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance program saves patients’ lives

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/how-a-new-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-surveillance-program-saves-patients-lives/2023/02

  In its first eight months, the program has identified over 11,600 patients with some mention of AAA who could benefit from monitoring. Over 10,600 patients were reviewed, and 950 patients who were lost to care are now under active surveillance and management by nurse navigators. […] Leveraging the Illuminate software, our nurse navigators have been able to efficiently review patients with aortic aneurysms and identify patients overdue for follow up, added Hickerson. This program greatly illustrates the high quality of care delivered at UC Davis Health, as we have invested in technology and services that provide follow up and thus been able to save lives.

• #87 Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/node/87

  We recommend CT imaging for patients thought to have symptomatic AAA (abdominal or back pain with known AAA, risk factors for AAA, etc.). […] We recommend a CT scan to evaluate patients thought to have AAA presenting with recent-onset abdominal or back pain, particularly in the presence of a pulsatile epigastric mass or significant risk factors for AAA. […] Referral to a vascular surgeon is recommended at the time of AAA diagnosis. […] We recommend repair for the patient who presents with an AAA and abdominal or back pain that is likely to be attributed to the aneurysm. […] We recommend elective repair for the patient at low or acceptable surgical risk with a fusiform AAA that is 5.5 cm. […] We recommend smoking cessation to reduce the risk of AAA growth and rupture. […] We suggest not administering statins, doxycycline, roxithromycin, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers for the sole purpose of reducing the risk of AAA expansion and rupture. […] We suggest noncontrast-enhanced CT imaging of the entire aorta at 5-year intervals after open repair or EVAR.

• #88 Aortic aneurysms Screening, surveillance and referral

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/june/aortic-aneurysms

  While pharmacological interventions such as doxycycline, beta-blockers, statins and angiotensin pathway inhibitors to reduce AAA growth and rupture have been promising in animal models, these benefits have not been consistently reproduced in human studies. Optimal cardiovascular risk factor management should include smoking cessation, a statin, antiplatelet and antihypertensive agents to improve life expectancy by reducing cardiovascular mortality. In addition to preventing aneurysm related mortality, screening for AAA will identify patients with small aneurysms who are at increased risk of cardiovascular events and who will benefit from cardiovascular risk management. […] Patients diagnosed with small AAA should have ongoing surveillance with ultrasound and cardiovascular risk factor modification, and may be referred to a vascular surgeon for counselling about management options. Patients with indications for AAA repair should be referred promptly to a vascular surgeon.

Zobacz więcej