Materiały źródłowe

• #1 :: CIOS :: Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery

  https://ecios.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1

  Achilles tendon rupture accounts for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population. Men are 2 to 12 times more prone to Achilles tendon rupture than women. In a 2012 meta-analysis by Soroceanu et al., the mean age at the time of injury among 826 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture was 39.8 years. The injury has a bimodal age distribution with the first peak in patients between 25 years and 40 years of age and the second peak in those over 60 years. High-energy injuries in sports are responsible for the first peak, whereas the second peak occurring in the elderly is mostly associated with low-energy injuries, such as spontaneous rupture of the degenerated Achilles tendon or rupture in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is on the rise recently because of the aging of the population, growing prevalence of obesity, and increased participation in sports.

• #2 The Achilles tendon: Management of acute and chronic conditions

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/november/the-achilles-tendon

  The prevalence of acute and chronic conditions of the Achilles tendon is increasing among an ageing, active population. […] Incidence and prevalence of Achilles tendon injuries has increased in the past 30 years, thought to be due to a combination of an active, ageing population and increased participation in sport and exercise programs in general. […] Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is a common injury, accounting for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population, with men more than twice as likely to rupture their Achilles tendon than women. […] This injury has a bimodal distribution, with the first peak occurring in people aged 25 40 years who are participating in high-energy sports, and the second peak in people aged 60 years.

• #3 Epidemiology of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States: Athletic and Nonathletic Injuries From 2012 to 2016

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6259075/

  Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are one of the most common tendon ruptures, but there have been no studies investigating these injuries in the United States (US) using data representative of the entire US population. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for AT ruptures in the US. We hypothesized that male sex, older age, and sport participation would increase the risk for AT ruptures. […] From 2012 to 2016, a significant increase in the incidence of AT ruptures was observed, from 1.8 per 100,000 person-years in 2012 to 2.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2016 (P .01), for an overall incidence of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years. […] The majority of AT ruptures occurred in male compared with female patients, with an incidence rate ratio of 3.5 (P .01). […] The largest rise in the incidence of AT ruptures during the study period was observed in patients aged 40-59 years (78% increase).

• #4 :: CIOS :: Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery

  https://ecios.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1

  Achilles tendon rupture accounts for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population. Men are 2 to 12 times more prone to Achilles tendon rupture than women. In a 2012 meta-analysis by Soroceanu et al., the mean age at the time of injury among 826 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture was 39.8 years. The injury has a bimodal age distribution with the first peak in patients between 25 years and 40 years of age and the second peak in those over 60 years. High-energy injuries in sports are responsible for the first peak, whereas the second peak occurring in the elderly is mostly associated with low-energy injuries, such as spontaneous rupture of the degenerated Achilles tendon or rupture in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is on the rise recently because of the aging of the population, growing prevalence of obesity, and increased participation in sports.

• #5 Epidemiology of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States: Athletic and Nonathletic Injuries From 2012 to 2016

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6259075/

  Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are one of the most common tendon ruptures, but there have been no studies investigating these injuries in the United States (US) using data representative of the entire US population. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for AT ruptures in the US. We hypothesized that male sex, older age, and sport participation would increase the risk for AT ruptures. […] From 2012 to 2016, a significant increase in the incidence of AT ruptures was observed, from 1.8 per 100,000 person-years in 2012 to 2.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2016 (P .01), for an overall incidence of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years. […] The majority of AT ruptures occurred in male compared with female patients, with an incidence rate ratio of 3.5 (P .01). […] The largest rise in the incidence of AT ruptures during the study period was observed in patients aged 40-59 years (78% increase).

• #6 Intern Ultrasound of the Month: Achilles Tendon Rupture — University Hospitals Emergency Medicine Residency

  https://www.thelandofem.com/blog/2021/6/21/iusotm/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the United States is 2.1 per 100,000 person-years and is on the rise […] Higher incidence in men […] Acute rupture most common between ages 20-40 years old […] Vast majority occur during recreational sports […] Risk factors: pre-existing achilles tendon pathology, degenerative changes, rheumatologic disease, steroid or fluoroquinolone use […] If not promptly diagnosed, it can result in poor operative outcomes and prolonged disability […] Ultrasound has demonstrated sensitivity of 96-100% and specificity of 83-100% for detecting achilles tendon rupture […] Prompt diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is key! […] Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool, especially when the clinical assessment is equivocal its quick, safe, easily accessible, cost-effective, fairly good diagnostic accuracy.

• #7 :: CIOS :: Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery

  https://ecios.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1

  Achilles tendon rupture accounts for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population. Men are 2 to 12 times more prone to Achilles tendon rupture than women. In a 2012 meta-analysis by Soroceanu et al., the mean age at the time of injury among 826 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture was 39.8 years. The injury has a bimodal age distribution with the first peak in patients between 25 years and 40 years of age and the second peak in those over 60 years. High-energy injuries in sports are responsible for the first peak, whereas the second peak occurring in the elderly is mostly associated with low-energy injuries, such as spontaneous rupture of the degenerated Achilles tendon or rupture in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is on the rise recently because of the aging of the population, growing prevalence of obesity, and increased participation in sports.

• #8 Achilles Tendon Rupture and Dysmetabolic Diseases: A Multicentric, Epidemiologic Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3698

  Achilles tendon ruptures are common. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendons health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and likely predisposing patients to Achilles tendon ruptures. […] These ruptures show an increasing incidence that varies from 11 to 37/100,000 in the European population, and they usually occur in active young and adult patients aged between 37 and 44 years. […] ATRs usually occur more frequently in men than women, with male–female ratios from 1.7:1 to 30:1. […] The etiology of ATRs is multifactorial, and several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors can be identified. […] Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendon health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and predisposing one to ATR.

• #9 Incidence, demographics, characteristics and management of acute Achilles tendon rupture: An epidemiological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304197

  Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) account for 10.7% of all tendon and ligament injuries and causes lasting muscular deficits and have a profound impact on patients quality of life. The incidence, characteristics and management of ATR in the United Kingdom (UK) is poorly understood. This investigation aims to understand the incidence of ATR in the UK. […] ATR incidence is 8 per 100,000 people per annum. […] The incidence of ATR found was 8 cases per 100,000 people per annum. Most ATR were managed non-surgically in this cohort. The majority of ruptures occurred during sporting activity. […] The incidence of ATR presenting to ED was 8 per 100,000 people per annum. Consistent with previous UK ATR data, an increasing incidence of ATR was identified. […] The UK management of ATR is predominantly non-surgical. This contrasts with surgical management rates seen internationally.

• #10 Achilles tendon rupture – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture […] The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the general population is approximately 5 to 10 per 100,000, but may be higher in some regions and populations, and is increasing overall. Over 80 percent of ruptures occur during recreational sports. Approximately 10 percent of patients who sustain an Achilles tendon rupture had preexisting Achilles tendon problems. […] Tendon rupture occurs in 8.3 percent of competitive athletes. Competitive athletes with a high lifetime incidence of tendon rupture include sprinters (18 percent), decathletes (17 percent), football (soccer) players (17 percent), track and field jumpers (12 percent), basketball players (12 percent), and ice hockey players (9 percent). […] Increased age, male sex, and obesity are risk factors for Achilles tendon problems. The peak age for rupture is 30 to 40 years for both men and women; this may be when degenerative changes and occasional high stress from sports coincide. Rupture is four to five times more common in men than women. As participation in recreational sports has increased over the past 50 years, so has the rate of tendon rupture. Achilles tendon rupture is rare among children and more likely to be sustained through direct, often penetrating, trauma.

• #11

  https://actaorthop.org/actao/article/view/41089

  The aim of our study was to assess the regional variations in Achilles tendon rupture incidence and treatment methods in Finland during the period 1997-2019. […] Achilles tendon rupture incidence increased from 17.3 per 10^5 person-years in 1997 to 32.3 per 10^5 in 2019. […] The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures increased in all areas. […] Regional variations in Achilles tendon rupture incidence exist in Finland; however, the incidence increased in all areas during the follow-up period. More Achilles tendon rupture patients are currently being treated non-surgically throughout the country.

• #12 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  The long-term incidence rate for ATR injury increased by 45%, from 28.8 in 2002 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] In the last 5 years of the study, there was a significant, continuing increase in ATR incidence by 21%, from 34.4 in 2017 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] The surgical incidence rates decreased from 13.4 to 6.0 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] A significant increase in time from injury to surgery was observed throughout the study period. […] The observed increase in incidence rates and decrease in surgical treatment of ATR emphasise the need for evidence-based treatment and rehabilitation protocols for non-operated patients of all ages. […] This study demonstrates a long-term rise since 2002 and an accelerated increase since 2017 in incidence rates of ATR, contrasting publications from Europe and Asia.

• #13 Achilles Tendon Rupture | Diagnosis & Treatment for Physios

  https://www.physiotutors.com/conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/

  Achilles tendon ruptures are mostly seen in high-impact sports and occur more often in the male population. A study in Denmark reports an increase from 25.95/100.000 persons in 1994 to 31.13/100.000 in 2013 (Ganestam et al. 2016). […] The literature lists a couple of risk factors that may predispose an individual to ruptures of the Achilles tendon (Jarvinen et al. 2005, McQuillan et al. 2005, Seeger et al. 2006, Kraemer et al. 2012) These are: tendon degeneration, poor tendon vascularity, corticosteroid use, fluoroquinolone use, previous contralateral rupture.

• #14 Achilles tendon injuries: Why do they take so long to heal? | Orthopaedics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/achilles-tendon-injuries-rehab/

  The incidence rate of Achilles tendon ruptures in the general public is 1.8 people per 100,000 annually. But in athletic populations, its between 6,000 and 18,000. Sports most commonly associated with Achilles tendon rupture are basketball, soccer, football, tennis, and running. […] The incidence rate of Achilles tendon ruptures in the general public is 1.8 people per 100,000 annually. But in athletic populations, its between 6,000 and 18,000. Sports most commonly associated with Achilles tendon rupture are basketball, soccer, football, tennis, and running. […] While there is a bit of randomness and bad luck when it comes to Achilles tendon tears, they are most common in healthy, active men who are 20 to 39 years old. […] However, we are also treating more older people with Achilles tears than we did in the past, likely because people are staying healthy and active longer.

• #15 :: CIOS :: Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery

  https://ecios.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1

  Achilles tendon rupture accounts for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population. Men are 2 to 12 times more prone to Achilles tendon rupture than women. In a 2012 meta-analysis by Soroceanu et al., the mean age at the time of injury among 826 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture was 39.8 years. The injury has a bimodal age distribution with the first peak in patients between 25 years and 40 years of age and the second peak in those over 60 years. High-energy injuries in sports are responsible for the first peak, whereas the second peak occurring in the elderly is mostly associated with low-energy injuries, such as spontaneous rupture of the degenerated Achilles tendon or rupture in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is on the rise recently because of the aging of the population, growing prevalence of obesity, and increased participation in sports.

• #16 The Achilles tendon: Management of acute and chronic conditions

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/november/the-achilles-tendon

  The prevalence of acute and chronic conditions of the Achilles tendon is increasing among an ageing, active population. […] Incidence and prevalence of Achilles tendon injuries has increased in the past 30 years, thought to be due to a combination of an active, ageing population and increased participation in sport and exercise programs in general. […] Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is a common injury, accounting for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population, with men more than twice as likely to rupture their Achilles tendon than women. […] This injury has a bimodal distribution, with the first peak occurring in people aged 25 40 years who are participating in high-energy sports, and the second peak in people aged 60 years.

• #17 Epidemiology of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States: Athletic and Nonathletic Injuries From 2012 to 2016

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6259075/

  Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are one of the most common tendon ruptures, but there have been no studies investigating these injuries in the United States (US) using data representative of the entire US population. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for AT ruptures in the US. We hypothesized that male sex, older age, and sport participation would increase the risk for AT ruptures. […] From 2012 to 2016, a significant increase in the incidence of AT ruptures was observed, from 1.8 per 100,000 person-years in 2012 to 2.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2016 (P .01), for an overall incidence of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years. […] The majority of AT ruptures occurred in male compared with female patients, with an incidence rate ratio of 3.5 (P .01). […] The largest rise in the incidence of AT ruptures during the study period was observed in patients aged 40-59 years (78% increase).

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-023-07309-y

  Acute Achilles tendon ruptures (AATRs) are a common sporting injury, whether for recreational athletes or elite athletes. […] The purpose of this study was to investigate rates of acute Achilles tendon ruptures at a single academic institute in the peri-COVID era, with corollary to the recent NFL season. […] A total of 588 patients who sustained AATRs and underwent primary surgical repair were identified, primarily men (75.7%, n=445), with an average age of 43.2214.4 years. […] The number and corresponding incidence of AATR repairs per year was: 2017: n=124 (21.1%), 2018: n=110 (18.7%), 2019: n=130 (22.1%), 2020: n=86 (14.6%), 2021: n=138 (23.5%), indicating a 7.5% decrease in rate of AATRs from 2019 to 2020, followed by an 8.9% increase in incidence from 2020 to 2021. […] AATR surgeries seem to have increased in 2021 following a 2020 COVID pandemic-induced quarantine for recreational athletes at a single academic institution and for professional athletes in the NFL, although these results are of questionable clinical significance.

• #19 Achilles Tendon Rupture and Dysmetabolic Diseases: A Multicentric, Epidemiologic Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3698

  Achilles tendon ruptures are common. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendons health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and likely predisposing patients to Achilles tendon ruptures. […] These ruptures show an increasing incidence that varies from 11 to 37/100,000 in the European population, and they usually occur in active young and adult patients aged between 37 and 44 years. […] ATRs usually occur more frequently in men than women, with male–female ratios from 1.7:1 to 30:1. […] The etiology of ATRs is multifactorial, and several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors can be identified. […] Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendon health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and predisposing one to ATR.

• #20 Achilles tendon tear | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achilles-tendon-tear?lang=us

  Achilles tendon tears are the most common tendon ruptures. They are commonly seen secondary to sports-related injuries, especially squash and basketball. […] Acute Achilles tendon ruptures occur ~30 times (range 2.5-50) per 100,000 person-years. Patients are typically active middle-aged (~40 years) males with a sport-related rupture, although non-sporting ruptures occur in an older population (~55 years). […] There are numerous recognized predisposing factors, including male sex: M:F = 30:1, Black race, intratendinous steroid injection, increasing age in the non-sporting population, systemic illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, renal transplant, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, ochronosis, hyperparathyroidism, previous Achilles tendinopathy, increased Achilles tendon AP diameter, and medications like fluoroquinolone antibiotics and oral corticosteroids.

• #21 EM@3AM: Achilles Injury – emDocs

  https://www.emdocs.net/em3am-achilles-injury/

  Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) […] Incidence as high as 40:100,000 per patient population annually. […] Most commonly occurs during sports/exercise related activities (81.9%) and in those who are 20-39 years old (54.4%). […] Higher occurrence in males versus females (77.1% vs 22.9%), men playing basketball (42.6%), women playing volleyball (15.2%).

• #22 Epidemiology of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States: Athletic and Nonathletic Injuries From 2012 to 2016

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6259075/

  Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are one of the most common tendon ruptures, but there have been no studies investigating these injuries in the United States (US) using data representative of the entire US population. […] The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for AT ruptures in the US. We hypothesized that male sex, older age, and sport participation would increase the risk for AT ruptures. […] From 2012 to 2016, a significant increase in the incidence of AT ruptures was observed, from 1.8 per 100,000 person-years in 2012 to 2.5 per 100,000 person-years in 2016 (P .01), for an overall incidence of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years. […] The majority of AT ruptures occurred in male compared with female patients, with an incidence rate ratio of 3.5 (P .01). […] The largest rise in the incidence of AT ruptures during the study period was observed in patients aged 40-59 years (78% increase).

• #23 Achilles tendon rupture – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture […] The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the general population is approximately 5 to 10 per 100,000, but may be higher in some regions and populations, and is increasing overall. Over 80 percent of ruptures occur during recreational sports. Approximately 10 percent of patients who sustain an Achilles tendon rupture had preexisting Achilles tendon problems. […] Tendon rupture occurs in 8.3 percent of competitive athletes. Competitive athletes with a high lifetime incidence of tendon rupture include sprinters (18 percent), decathletes (17 percent), football (soccer) players (17 percent), track and field jumpers (12 percent), basketball players (12 percent), and ice hockey players (9 percent). […] Increased age, male sex, and obesity are risk factors for Achilles tendon problems. The peak age for rupture is 30 to 40 years for both men and women; this may be when degenerative changes and occasional high stress from sports coincide. Rupture is four to five times more common in men than women. As participation in recreational sports has increased over the past 50 years, so has the rate of tendon rupture. Achilles tendon rupture is rare among children and more likely to be sustained through direct, often penetrating, trauma.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-021-06824-0

  The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Seven hundred and eighty-three patients (567 males, 216 females) attended with primary Achilles tendon rupture and 48 patients (41 males, 7 females) with Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Males were affected more commonly (OR=7.40, 95% CI 0.9160.15; p=0.034). […] Mean Achilles tendon re-rupture incidence was 0.94/100,000/year for all ages and 1.16/100,000/year for adults (18 years). […] The epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture is described and known trends (e.g. male predilection) are confirmed, while other novel findings are described, including incidence of a small but significant number of late re-ruptures, occurring years after the primary injury and an increased incidence of re-rupture in less socioeconomically deprived patients. Younger age and traditional immobilising cast treatment of primary Achilles tendon rupture were independently associated with Achilles tendon re-rupture.

• #25 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  This authors recent study on Achilles tendon demographics in the civilian US population retrospectively evaluated the demographics of 406 consecutive Achilles tendon ruptures. Consistent with prior publications, the majority of patients (83%) were men, but men were shown to be significantly younger (average 44.4 vs 50 years) than their female counterparts at the time of their Achilles tendon rupture. […] We found ruptures occurred throughout the calendar year, but there was a significantly higher rate in the spring and summer months (March through August) than in the fall and winter months (September to February). […] The majority (68%) of ruptures occurred during sports participation. This was particularly true in patients younger than 55 years, in whom 77% of ruptures were sports related; by comparison, in those 55 years or older, 41% of ruptures were sports related.

• #26 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  This authors recent study on Achilles tendon demographics in the civilian US population retrospectively evaluated the demographics of 406 consecutive Achilles tendon ruptures. Consistent with prior publications, the majority of patients (83%) were men, but men were shown to be significantly younger (average 44.4 vs 50 years) than their female counterparts at the time of their Achilles tendon rupture. […] We found ruptures occurred throughout the calendar year, but there was a significantly higher rate in the spring and summer months (March through August) than in the fall and winter months (September to February). […] The majority (68%) of ruptures occurred during sports participation. This was particularly true in patients younger than 55 years, in whom 77% of ruptures were sports related; by comparison, in those 55 years or older, 41% of ruptures were sports related.

• #27 Achilles tendon rupture – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture […] The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the general population is approximately 5 to 10 per 100,000, but may be higher in some regions and populations, and is increasing overall. Over 80 percent of ruptures occur during recreational sports. Approximately 10 percent of patients who sustain an Achilles tendon rupture had preexisting Achilles tendon problems. […] Tendon rupture occurs in 8.3 percent of competitive athletes. Competitive athletes with a high lifetime incidence of tendon rupture include sprinters (18 percent), decathletes (17 percent), football (soccer) players (17 percent), track and field jumpers (12 percent), basketball players (12 percent), and ice hockey players (9 percent). […] Increased age, male sex, and obesity are risk factors for Achilles tendon problems. The peak age for rupture is 30 to 40 years for both men and women; this may be when degenerative changes and occasional high stress from sports coincide. Rupture is four to five times more common in men than women. As participation in recreational sports has increased over the past 50 years, so has the rate of tendon rupture. Achilles tendon rupture is rare among children and more likely to be sustained through direct, often penetrating, trauma.

• #28 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  Among acute ruptures, 76% were appropriately diagnosed, but 96 patients were diagnosed at an average of 68 days (range, 28-240 days) after their injury. Missed or delayed diagnosis occurred more commonly in patients aged 55 years or older and the injury was more likely to result from an event not related to sports participation (34% vs 19% that occurred during sports). […] Given that previous research had found African American race is a predisposing factor for Achilles tendon ruptures, this study also looked at race, but no clear relationship was demonstrated. […] Although the studies mentioned above have increased understanding and awareness of predisposition to Achilles tendon rupture, there is scant evidence of specific ways to predict or prevent these injuries. […] The etiology of Achilles tendon ruptures is multifactorial, but the injury occurs most frequently in the athletic population. The male weekend warrior—the middle-aged man who participates in athletic endeavors only on an occasional basis—is at greatest risk of rupturing his Achilles tendon.

• #29 Outcomes of operative and nonoperative management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-025-08286-8

  Achilles tendon ruptures are the most common lower extremity tendinous rupture. While there has been extensive research into the management of mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures, there is a paucity of literature on the management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures. […] The injury most commonly occurs in patients between the ages of 30 and 60 who participate in recreational sports on a sporadic basis (the weekend warrior). […] An increased risk of Achilles tendon ruptures has also been shown in patients with a history of prolonged corticosteroid use, overexertion, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, oral bisphosphonates, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and hyperparathyroidism, although these ruptures tend to be more atraumatic in nature. […] The proportion of Achilles tendon ruptures occurring at the MTJ is unclear; however, one retrospective study that examined over 500 Achilles tendon rupture patients found that 6.7% of patients had a tear at the MTJ.

• #30 EM@3AM: Achilles Injury – emDocs

  https://www.emdocs.net/em3am-achilles-injury/

  Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) […] Incidence as high as 40:100,000 per patient population annually. […] Most commonly occurs during sports/exercise related activities (81.9%) and in those who are 20-39 years old (54.4%). […] Higher occurrence in males versus females (77.1% vs 22.9%), men playing basketball (42.6%), women playing volleyball (15.2%).

• #31 Achilles tendon injuries: Why do they take so long to heal? | Orthopaedics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/achilles-tendon-injuries-rehab/

  The incidence rate of Achilles tendon ruptures in the general public is 1.8 people per 100,000 annually. But in athletic populations, its between 6,000 and 18,000. Sports most commonly associated with Achilles tendon rupture are basketball, soccer, football, tennis, and running. […] The incidence rate of Achilles tendon ruptures in the general public is 1.8 people per 100,000 annually. But in athletic populations, its between 6,000 and 18,000. Sports most commonly associated with Achilles tendon rupture are basketball, soccer, football, tennis, and running. […] While there is a bit of randomness and bad luck when it comes to Achilles tendon tears, they are most common in healthy, active men who are 20 to 39 years old. […] However, we are also treating more older people with Achilles tears than we did in the past, likely because people are staying healthy and active longer.

• #32 Achilles tendon rupture – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture […] The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the general population is approximately 5 to 10 per 100,000, but may be higher in some regions and populations, and is increasing overall. Over 80 percent of ruptures occur during recreational sports. Approximately 10 percent of patients who sustain an Achilles tendon rupture had preexisting Achilles tendon problems. […] Tendon rupture occurs in 8.3 percent of competitive athletes. Competitive athletes with a high lifetime incidence of tendon rupture include sprinters (18 percent), decathletes (17 percent), football (soccer) players (17 percent), track and field jumpers (12 percent), basketball players (12 percent), and ice hockey players (9 percent). […] Increased age, male sex, and obesity are risk factors for Achilles tendon problems. The peak age for rupture is 30 to 40 years for both men and women; this may be when degenerative changes and occasional high stress from sports coincide. Rupture is four to five times more common in men than women. As participation in recreational sports has increased over the past 50 years, so has the rate of tendon rupture. Achilles tendon rupture is rare among children and more likely to be sustained through direct, often penetrating, trauma.

• #33 Achilles tendon rupture – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture […] The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the general population is approximately 5 to 10 per 100,000, but may be higher in some regions and populations, and is increasing overall. Over 80 percent of ruptures occur during recreational sports. Approximately 10 percent of patients who sustain an Achilles tendon rupture had preexisting Achilles tendon problems. […] Tendon rupture occurs in 8.3 percent of competitive athletes. Competitive athletes with a high lifetime incidence of tendon rupture include sprinters (18 percent), decathletes (17 percent), football (soccer) players (17 percent), track and field jumpers (12 percent), basketball players (12 percent), and ice hockey players (9 percent). […] Increased age, male sex, and obesity are risk factors for Achilles tendon problems. The peak age for rupture is 30 to 40 years for both men and women; this may be when degenerative changes and occasional high stress from sports coincide. Rupture is four to five times more common in men than women. As participation in recreational sports has increased over the past 50 years, so has the rate of tendon rupture. Achilles tendon rupture is rare among children and more likely to be sustained through direct, often penetrating, trauma.

• #34 Achilles Tendinopathy and Rupture

  https://patient.info/doctor/achilles-tendinopathy-and-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture can occur at any age but most often occurs in recreational athletes aged 30-50 years. It is commonly seen in football, running, basketball, diving, tennis and other sports that require a forceful push off with the foot. […] Incidence is 7 injuries per 100,000 of the general population increasing to 12 per 100,000 in competitive athletes. […] Quinolone antibiotics, which triple the risk. Risk is increased if there is concomitant steroid use.

• #35 Intern Ultrasound of the Month: Achilles Tendon Rupture — University Hospitals Emergency Medicine Residency

  https://www.thelandofem.com/blog/2021/6/21/iusotm/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the United States is 2.1 per 100,000 person-years and is on the rise […] Higher incidence in men […] Acute rupture most common between ages 20-40 years old […] Vast majority occur during recreational sports […] Risk factors: pre-existing achilles tendon pathology, degenerative changes, rheumatologic disease, steroid or fluoroquinolone use […] If not promptly diagnosed, it can result in poor operative outcomes and prolonged disability […] Ultrasound has demonstrated sensitivity of 96-100% and specificity of 83-100% for detecting achilles tendon rupture […] Prompt diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is key! […] Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool, especially when the clinical assessment is equivocal its quick, safe, easily accessible, cost-effective, fairly good diagnostic accuracy.

• #36 Achilles tendon tear | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achilles-tendon-tear?lang=us

  Achilles tendon tears are the most common tendon ruptures. They are commonly seen secondary to sports-related injuries, especially squash and basketball. […] Acute Achilles tendon ruptures occur ~30 times (range 2.5-50) per 100,000 person-years. Patients are typically active middle-aged (~40 years) males with a sport-related rupture, although non-sporting ruptures occur in an older population (~55 years). […] There are numerous recognized predisposing factors, including male sex: M:F = 30:1, Black race, intratendinous steroid injection, increasing age in the non-sporting population, systemic illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, renal transplant, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, ochronosis, hyperparathyroidism, previous Achilles tendinopathy, increased Achilles tendon AP diameter, and medications like fluoroquinolone antibiotics and oral corticosteroids.

• #37

  https://www.orthobullets.com/foot-and-ankle/7021/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles Tendon Ruptures are common tendon injuries that occur due to sudden dorsiflexion of a plantarflexed foot, most commonly associated with sporting events. […] Epidemiology: Incidence: 18:100,000 per year may be missed in up to 25%. […] Demographics: more common in men, most common in ages 30-40. […] Risk factors: episodic athletes, „weekend warrior”, flouroquinolone antibiotics, steroid injections.

• #38 Achilles Tendon Rupture and Dysmetabolic Diseases: A Multicentric, Epidemiologic Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3698

  Achilles tendon ruptures are common. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendons health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and likely predisposing patients to Achilles tendon ruptures. […] These ruptures show an increasing incidence that varies from 11 to 37/100,000 in the European population, and they usually occur in active young and adult patients aged between 37 and 44 years. […] ATRs usually occur more frequently in men than women, with male–female ratios from 1.7:1 to 30:1. […] The etiology of ATRs is multifactorial, and several intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors can be identified. […] Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendon health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and predisposing one to ATR.

• #39 Achilles Tendon Rupture and Dysmetabolic Diseases: A Multicentric, Epidemiologic Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3698

  This study showed that some metabolic conditions can strongly affect the post-operative outcome of patients who have undergone surgery to repair an acute Achilles tendon tear. […] The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the diagnosis of a dysmetabolic disease significantly predicted the risk of post-operative complications and a delayed return to sport and work activities. […] The current evidence shows that metabolic diseases, such as T2DM and thyroid diseases, are not only risk factors for tendon ruptures, but also predictive of delayed post-operative healing. […] Metabolic conditions can strongly affect the post-operative outcomes of surgical reconstruction of the Achilles tendon.

• #40 Achilles tendon tear | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achilles-tendon-tear?lang=us

  Achilles tendon tears are the most common tendon ruptures. They are commonly seen secondary to sports-related injuries, especially squash and basketball. […] Acute Achilles tendon ruptures occur ~30 times (range 2.5-50) per 100,000 person-years. Patients are typically active middle-aged (~40 years) males with a sport-related rupture, although non-sporting ruptures occur in an older population (~55 years). […] There are numerous recognized predisposing factors, including male sex: M:F = 30:1, Black race, intratendinous steroid injection, increasing age in the non-sporting population, systemic illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, renal transplant, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, ochronosis, hyperparathyroidism, previous Achilles tendinopathy, increased Achilles tendon AP diameter, and medications like fluoroquinolone antibiotics and oral corticosteroids.

• #41 Achilles tendon tear | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achilles-tendon-tear?lang=us

  Achilles tendon tears are the most common tendon ruptures. They are commonly seen secondary to sports-related injuries, especially squash and basketball. […] Acute Achilles tendon ruptures occur ~30 times (range 2.5-50) per 100,000 person-years. Patients are typically active middle-aged (~40 years) males with a sport-related rupture, although non-sporting ruptures occur in an older population (~55 years). […] There are numerous recognized predisposing factors, including male sex: M:F = 30:1, Black race, intratendinous steroid injection, increasing age in the non-sporting population, systemic illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, renal transplant, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, ochronosis, hyperparathyroidism, previous Achilles tendinopathy, increased Achilles tendon AP diameter, and medications like fluoroquinolone antibiotics and oral corticosteroids.

• #42 Achilles tendon tear | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/achilles-tendon-tear?lang=us

  Achilles tendon tears are the most common tendon ruptures. They are commonly seen secondary to sports-related injuries, especially squash and basketball. […] Acute Achilles tendon ruptures occur ~30 times (range 2.5-50) per 100,000 person-years. Patients are typically active middle-aged (~40 years) males with a sport-related rupture, although non-sporting ruptures occur in an older population (~55 years). […] There are numerous recognized predisposing factors, including male sex: M:F = 30:1, Black race, intratendinous steroid injection, increasing age in the non-sporting population, systemic illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, renal transplant, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, ochronosis, hyperparathyroidism, previous Achilles tendinopathy, increased Achilles tendon AP diameter, and medications like fluoroquinolone antibiotics and oral corticosteroids.

• #43

  https://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/abstract/1999/07000/changing_incidence_of_achilles_tendon_rupture_in.7.aspx

  To determine the incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Scotland from 1980 to 1995. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture increased from 4.7/100,000 in 1981 to 6/100,000 in 1994, with a peak in 1986. […] There was a significant increase in the incidence of Achilles tendon rupture during the period from 1980 to 1995.

• #44 Incidence, demographics, characteristics and management of acute Achilles tendon rupture: An epidemiological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304197

  The incidence rate of ATR in England is higher than previously reported elsewhere in the UK. There is a continuing trend towards increasing ATR incidence each year. Non-sporting mechanisms of injury are more common than previously reported and occur in an older population with greater number of comorbidities and medications.

• #45 Epidemiology of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States: Athletic and Nonathletic Injuries From 2012 to 2016

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6259075/

  While AT ruptures in the US most commonly occur in young male patients (20-39 years old), the largest rise in the incidence was observed in middle-aged patients (40-59 years old), with participation in recreational sports being the most likely mechanism. […] The incidence of AT ruptures has increased over the past decade. It is believed that increased participation in physical activity by older patients is contributory to this rising incidence. […] Studies have shown that a majority of AT ruptures occur during sport participation and primarily in middle-aged men, leading to the consensus that male recreational athletes are most at risk for these injuries. […] Presently, the majority of studies investigating the incidence of AT ruptures have been performed outside of the United States (US), and the limited number of studies performed in the US have analyzed samples not representative of the entire US population. […] The purpose of this study was to utilize the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database, which is representative of cases from emergency departments (EDs) in the US, to determine the incidence and risk factors for AT ruptures.

• #46 Achilles Tendon Injuries: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/309393-overview

  The true incidence of Achilles tendinosis is unknown, although reported incidence rates are 6.5-18% in runners, 9% in dancers, 5% in gymnasts, 2% in tennis players, and less than 1% in American football players. It is estimated that Achilles disorders affect approximately 1 million athletes per year. […] The incidence of Achilles tendinosis is believed to be rising, in terms of tendinosis and acute ruptures. An estimated 10% of Americans are involved in some form of recreational running or in other jumping or pivoting activities, and often for longer periods than in previous generations. No data describe the incidence or prevalence of Achilles tendinosis, but it is known to affect 7-18% of club runners. […] Compared with females, Achilles tendon injuries are more prevalent in males by a ratio of 6:1, perhaps due to sports-specific involvement. These injuries usually are observed in recreational athletes aged 30-50 years. Many persons in this age group are active only intermittently but still challenge their bodies with high-force activities, predisposing them to Achilles tendinosis.

• #47 :: CIOS :: Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery

  https://ecios.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1

  Achilles tendon rupture accounts for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population. Men are 2 to 12 times more prone to Achilles tendon rupture than women. In a 2012 meta-analysis by Soroceanu et al., the mean age at the time of injury among 826 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture was 39.8 years. The injury has a bimodal age distribution with the first peak in patients between 25 years and 40 years of age and the second peak in those over 60 years. High-energy injuries in sports are responsible for the first peak, whereas the second peak occurring in the elderly is mostly associated with low-energy injuries, such as spontaneous rupture of the degenerated Achilles tendon or rupture in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is on the rise recently because of the aging of the population, growing prevalence of obesity, and increased participation in sports.

• #48 :: CIOS :: Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery

  https://ecios.org/DOIx.php?id=10.4055/cios.2020.12.1.1

  Achilles tendon rupture accounts for 20% of all large tendon ruptures. The estimated incidence ranges from 11 to 37 per 100,000 population. Men are 2 to 12 times more prone to Achilles tendon rupture than women. In a 2012 meta-analysis by Soroceanu et al., the mean age at the time of injury among 826 patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture was 39.8 years. The injury has a bimodal age distribution with the first peak in patients between 25 years and 40 years of age and the second peak in those over 60 years. High-energy injuries in sports are responsible for the first peak, whereas the second peak occurring in the elderly is mostly associated with low-energy injuries, such as spontaneous rupture of the degenerated Achilles tendon or rupture in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. […] The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is on the rise recently because of the aging of the population, growing prevalence of obesity, and increased participation in sports.

• #49 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  A simultaneous decreasing trend in the proportion of surgically treated ATR was observed, stabilised at a rate of around 14%15% since 2017. […] The time from diagnosis until surgical repair was investigated, demonstrating a continuous increase in time until surgical repair throughout the study period, which may have a negative impact on the outcomes of ATR patients. […] The incidence rate of ATR demonstrated both a long-term and a recent rise while an increasing median age at rupture. Concurrently, the rate of surgical treatment of ATR showed a steady decline to reach a plateau in the last 5 years of this study. Moreover, the time from injury to surgical treatment has significantly increased over the past 20 years.

• #50 Incidence, demographics, characteristics and management of acute Achilles tendon rupture: An epidemiological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304197

  Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) account for 10.7% of all tendon and ligament injuries and causes lasting muscular deficits and have a profound impact on patients quality of life. The incidence, characteristics and management of ATR in the United Kingdom (UK) is poorly understood. This investigation aims to understand the incidence of ATR in the UK. […] ATR incidence is 8 per 100,000 people per annum. […] The incidence of ATR found was 8 cases per 100,000 people per annum. Most ATR were managed non-surgically in this cohort. The majority of ruptures occurred during sporting activity. […] The incidence of ATR presenting to ED was 8 per 100,000 people per annum. Consistent with previous UK ATR data, an increasing incidence of ATR was identified. […] The UK management of ATR is predominantly non-surgical. This contrasts with surgical management rates seen internationally.

• #51 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  A simultaneous decreasing trend in the proportion of surgically treated ATR was observed, stabilised at a rate of around 14%15% since 2017. […] The time from diagnosis until surgical repair was investigated, demonstrating a continuous increase in time until surgical repair throughout the study period, which may have a negative impact on the outcomes of ATR patients. […] The incidence rate of ATR demonstrated both a long-term and a recent rise while an increasing median age at rupture. Concurrently, the rate of surgical treatment of ATR showed a steady decline to reach a plateau in the last 5 years of this study. Moreover, the time from injury to surgical treatment has significantly increased over the past 20 years.

• #52

  https://actaorthop.org/actao/article/view/41089

  The aim of our study was to assess the regional variations in Achilles tendon rupture incidence and treatment methods in Finland during the period 1997-2019. […] Achilles tendon rupture incidence increased from 17.3 per 10^5 person-years in 1997 to 32.3 per 10^5 in 2019. […] The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures increased in all areas. […] Regional variations in Achilles tendon rupture incidence exist in Finland; however, the incidence increased in all areas during the follow-up period. More Achilles tendon rupture patients are currently being treated non-surgically throughout the country.

• #53 Incidence, demographics, characteristics and management of acute Achilles tendon rupture: An epidemiological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304197

  Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) account for 10.7% of all tendon and ligament injuries and causes lasting muscular deficits and have a profound impact on patients quality of life. The incidence, characteristics and management of ATR in the United Kingdom (UK) is poorly understood. This investigation aims to understand the incidence of ATR in the UK. […] ATR incidence is 8 per 100,000 people per annum. […] The incidence of ATR found was 8 cases per 100,000 people per annum. Most ATR were managed non-surgically in this cohort. The majority of ruptures occurred during sporting activity. […] The incidence of ATR presenting to ED was 8 per 100,000 people per annum. Consistent with previous UK ATR data, an increasing incidence of ATR was identified. […] The UK management of ATR is predominantly non-surgical. This contrasts with surgical management rates seen internationally.

• #54 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon surgery in Italy: a nationwide registry study, from 2001 through 2015 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03688-2

  This study aims (1) to estimate the yearly number of Achilles tendon (AT) surgeries in Italy from 2001 to 2015 based on official hospitalization records; (2) to investigate the eventual presence of geographical variation in equity in access to AT surgery between three macroregions of Italy (North, Center and South); (3) to perform statistical projections of the number of AT procedure volumes and rates based on these data. […] During the 15-year study period, 118,652 AT repair were performed in Italy, whose peak of incidence was in 2010. More than half of AT repairs was performed in the North of Italy (52.1%), while 27.2% was performed in the South of Italy and 20.6% Center of Italy. The projection model predicted a slight growth of 2.65% in 2025 in comparison with 2015. […] The current study provides detailed information about the national population-weighted incidence of AT surgery, distribution and projection.

• #55 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon surgery in Italy: a nationwide registry study, from 2001 through 2015 | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-020-03688-2

  The higher prevalence of AT surgery was found in men during the working age. […] The epidemiological trend in the number of accesses to surgery can be useful to evaluate the economic effects of the disease and to analyse the costs and economic benefits, as well as to monitor the history of the disease itself. […] The geographical variations between three Italian macro-regions in rates of AT surgery have shown that most of all AT interventions were performed in the North, especially in Lombardy (19.16%) and that Italian patient preferred this type of surgery in the same region/macro-region of residence. […] This study represents the first detailed epidemiological investigation of AT surgery ever done across the entire Italian population able to confirm the socioeconomic burden of AT surgery that affects the male population, especially those ageing from 35 to 45years. There is evidence of equity in access to AT surgeries across macroregions of Italy, as Italian patients could receive this type of surgery in the same region/macro-region of residence. However, it remains unexplained why the incidence of this surgery was higher in the North of Italy. According to the prediction model, AT surgery will have a slight growth in 2025 than in 2015.

• #56

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-021-06824-0

  The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Seven hundred and eighty-three patients (567 males, 216 females) attended with primary Achilles tendon rupture and 48 patients (41 males, 7 females) with Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Males were affected more commonly (OR=7.40, 95% CI 0.9160.15; p=0.034). […] Mean Achilles tendon re-rupture incidence was 0.94/100,000/year for all ages and 1.16/100,000/year for adults (18 years). […] The epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture is described and known trends (e.g. male predilection) are confirmed, while other novel findings are described, including incidence of a small but significant number of late re-ruptures, occurring years after the primary injury and an increased incidence of re-rupture in less socioeconomically deprived patients. Younger age and traditional immobilising cast treatment of primary Achilles tendon rupture were independently associated with Achilles tendon re-rupture.

• #57

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-021-06824-0

  The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Seven hundred and eighty-three patients (567 males, 216 females) attended with primary Achilles tendon rupture and 48 patients (41 males, 7 females) with Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Males were affected more commonly (OR=7.40, 95% CI 0.9160.15; p=0.034). […] Mean Achilles tendon re-rupture incidence was 0.94/100,000/year for all ages and 1.16/100,000/year for adults (18 years). […] The epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture is described and known trends (e.g. male predilection) are confirmed, while other novel findings are described, including incidence of a small but significant number of late re-ruptures, occurring years after the primary injury and an increased incidence of re-rupture in less socioeconomically deprived patients. Younger age and traditional immobilising cast treatment of primary Achilles tendon rupture were independently associated with Achilles tendon re-rupture.

• #58

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-021-06824-0

  The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Seven hundred and eighty-three patients (567 males, 216 females) attended with primary Achilles tendon rupture and 48 patients (41 males, 7 females) with Achilles tendon re-rupture. […] Males were affected more commonly (OR=7.40, 95% CI 0.9160.15; p=0.034). […] Mean Achilles tendon re-rupture incidence was 0.94/100,000/year for all ages and 1.16/100,000/year for adults (18 years). […] The epidemiology of Achilles tendon re-rupture is described and known trends (e.g. male predilection) are confirmed, while other novel findings are described, including incidence of a small but significant number of late re-ruptures, occurring years after the primary injury and an increased incidence of re-rupture in less socioeconomically deprived patients. Younger age and traditional immobilising cast treatment of primary Achilles tendon rupture were independently associated with Achilles tendon re-rupture.

• #59 Achilles Tendon Rupture

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Ankle/AchlsTndnRptr.htm

  More common in men aged 30 to 50 years. […] More common with sedentary lifestyle, when sudden or repetitive movement is introduced. […] Spontaneous ruptures are related to sports in more than two thirds of cases. […] Sports commonly involved: High Jump, Basketball, Football, Softball. […] Initially missed diagnosis in 20-30% of Achilles Tendon Ruptures. […] Recurrent Achilles Tendon Rupture is common. […] Re-rupture rate: Immobilization only: 13.4%; Surgical repair: 1.4%.

• #60 The Achilles tendon: Management of acute and chronic conditions

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2020/november/the-achilles-tendon

  The risk of rerupture is higher in elderly patients with a degenerative tendon because of the inherent poor quality and diminished vascular supply of the tendon fibres. […] Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (commonly ciprofloxacin) have a known association with Achilles tendinitis and rupture, with a latency period of between two and 60 days. […] The presence of two of the three signs has been shown to be 100% sensitive for an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures continues to be debated, but there is emerging evidence that supervised non-operative management results in very good outcomes. […] A Cochrane review reported a higher rerupture rate of 12% with non-operative treatment, compared with 5% in patients who receive surgery, but a complication rate of 30% in patients who receive surgery, compared with 8% in non-operatively treated patients.

• #61

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1551665

  Epidemiology and Video Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association. […] There is a paucity of literature regarding risk factors and mechanisms of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in the National Basketball Association (NBA). […] To identify the risk factors and outcomes of AT ruptures in NBA athletes. […] AT ruptures in the NBA that occurred between the seasons of 1969-1970 and 2017-2018 were identified. […] Forty-four ruptures were identified between 1970 and 2018. […] The mean age was 28.3 years, with players averaging 6.8 seasons before AT rupture. […] AT ruptures were most prevalent during early-season game play (27.3%), followed by preseason (18.2%) and late season (18.2%). […] More than a third (36.8%) of players either did not return to play or started in fewer than 10 games in the remainder of their career, with 21% of ruptures leading to retirement. […] The mean time to return to play was 10.5 months. […] The most common mechanism of injury is taking off from a stopped position just before toe-off in a dorsiflexed foot.

• #62

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1551665

  Epidemiology and Video Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association. […] There is a paucity of literature regarding risk factors and mechanisms of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in the National Basketball Association (NBA). […] To identify the risk factors and outcomes of AT ruptures in NBA athletes. […] AT ruptures in the NBA that occurred between the seasons of 1969-1970 and 2017-2018 were identified. […] Forty-four ruptures were identified between 1970 and 2018. […] The mean age was 28.3 years, with players averaging 6.8 seasons before AT rupture. […] AT ruptures were most prevalent during early-season game play (27.3%), followed by preseason (18.2%) and late season (18.2%). […] More than a third (36.8%) of players either did not return to play or started in fewer than 10 games in the remainder of their career, with 21% of ruptures leading to retirement. […] The mean time to return to play was 10.5 months. […] The most common mechanism of injury is taking off from a stopped position just before toe-off in a dorsiflexed foot.

• #63

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1551665

  Epidemiology and Video Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association. […] There is a paucity of literature regarding risk factors and mechanisms of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in the National Basketball Association (NBA). […] To identify the risk factors and outcomes of AT ruptures in NBA athletes. […] AT ruptures in the NBA that occurred between the seasons of 1969-1970 and 2017-2018 were identified. […] Forty-four ruptures were identified between 1970 and 2018. […] The mean age was 28.3 years, with players averaging 6.8 seasons before AT rupture. […] AT ruptures were most prevalent during early-season game play (27.3%), followed by preseason (18.2%) and late season (18.2%). […] More than a third (36.8%) of players either did not return to play or started in fewer than 10 games in the remainder of their career, with 21% of ruptures leading to retirement. […] The mean time to return to play was 10.5 months. […] The most common mechanism of injury is taking off from a stopped position just before toe-off in a dorsiflexed foot.

• #64

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1551665

  Epidemiology and Video Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association. […] There is a paucity of literature regarding risk factors and mechanisms of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in the National Basketball Association (NBA). […] To identify the risk factors and outcomes of AT ruptures in NBA athletes. […] AT ruptures in the NBA that occurred between the seasons of 1969-1970 and 2017-2018 were identified. […] Forty-four ruptures were identified between 1970 and 2018. […] The mean age was 28.3 years, with players averaging 6.8 seasons before AT rupture. […] AT ruptures were most prevalent during early-season game play (27.3%), followed by preseason (18.2%) and late season (18.2%). […] More than a third (36.8%) of players either did not return to play or started in fewer than 10 games in the remainder of their career, with 21% of ruptures leading to retirement. […] The mean time to return to play was 10.5 months. […] The most common mechanism of injury is taking off from a stopped position just before toe-off in a dorsiflexed foot.

• #65 Return-to-play and performance after operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in elite male athletes: a scoping review | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/9/515

  Achilles tendon rupture is most commonly seen in male patients between 20 and 39 years of age, with 82% occurring in a sport or recreational activity. […] Elite athletes typically opt for surgical management of these injuries in order to directly restore the native tendon anatomy, particularly muscle-tendon length, and potentially maximise their ability to regain full strength. […] Attempts to define the time for return-to-play (RTP) have been made, with some groups recommending 16 weeks for non-contact athletes and 20 weeks for contact athletes. […] In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 108 studies in a non-elite athlete population, Zellers et al reported that 80% of athletes RTP to sport. […] Evidence suggests that sports with explosive plantarflexion demands, such as basketball, may be associated with a greater decrease in performance despite operative intervention after Achilles rupture.

• #66 Return-to-play and performance after operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in elite male athletes: a scoping review | British Journal of Sports Medicine

  https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/9/515

  Multiple studies have reported RTP rates in elite athletes following Achilles tendon rupture treated surgically, with RTP defined as a return to at least one game unless noted otherwise below. […] In the NFL, studies have reported RTP rates between 61% and 73%. […] Professional soccer players have reported RTP rates of 71%96%, with Grassi et al reporting that 82% made it to the same division as their preoperative level. […] No studies have evaluated the non-operative management of an elite athletic population in terms of athletic performance. […] Non-operative management of Achilles tendon rupture is rare in elite athletes, as evidenced by Lemme et al reporting that only 1 of 44 NBA players was treated without surgery. […] The most important finding of this review is that athletic performance varies after RTP in elite athletes with operative intervention for Achilles tendon rupture. […] Given the focus on only the first few seasons after injury, it is unclear whether these performance measures are expected to persist as athletes progress later into their career.

• #67 Achilles Tendon Rupture – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/achilles-tendon-rupture/

  Achilles tendon rupture is often misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain, and may be missed in up to 25% of cases. […] Incidence is 18-29:100,000 per year, and is rising. […] Most commonly in men aged 40-50.

• #68 Achilles Tendon Rupture – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/core/achilles-tendon-rupture/

  Achilles tendon rupture is often misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain, and may be missed in up to 25% of cases. […] Incidence is 18-29:100,000 per year, and is rising. […] Most commonly in men aged 40-50.

• #69 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  Men are more likely than women to rupture their Achilles tendons and do so at a much younger age. Clinicians still miss 24% of ruptures acutely, particularly in older patients, those in whom sports involvement was not the causative mechanism, and those with high BMIs. […] An Achilles tendon rupture in one limb increases the likelihood of a rupture on the contralateral side.

• #70 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  Among acute ruptures, 76% were appropriately diagnosed, but 96 patients were diagnosed at an average of 68 days (range, 28-240 days) after their injury. Missed or delayed diagnosis occurred more commonly in patients aged 55 years or older and the injury was more likely to result from an event not related to sports participation (34% vs 19% that occurred during sports). […] Given that previous research had found African American race is a predisposing factor for Achilles tendon ruptures, this study also looked at race, but no clear relationship was demonstrated. […] Although the studies mentioned above have increased understanding and awareness of predisposition to Achilles tendon rupture, there is scant evidence of specific ways to predict or prevent these injuries. […] The etiology of Achilles tendon ruptures is multifactorial, but the injury occurs most frequently in the athletic population. The male weekend warrior—the middle-aged man who participates in athletic endeavors only on an occasional basis—is at greatest risk of rupturing his Achilles tendon.

• #71 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  Among acute ruptures, 76% were appropriately diagnosed, but 96 patients were diagnosed at an average of 68 days (range, 28-240 days) after their injury. Missed or delayed diagnosis occurred more commonly in patients aged 55 years or older and the injury was more likely to result from an event not related to sports participation (34% vs 19% that occurred during sports). […] Given that previous research had found African American race is a predisposing factor for Achilles tendon ruptures, this study also looked at race, but no clear relationship was demonstrated. […] Although the studies mentioned above have increased understanding and awareness of predisposition to Achilles tendon rupture, there is scant evidence of specific ways to predict or prevent these injuries. […] The etiology of Achilles tendon ruptures is multifactorial, but the injury occurs most frequently in the athletic population. The male weekend warrior—the middle-aged man who participates in athletic endeavors only on an occasional basis—is at greatest risk of rupturing his Achilles tendon.

• #72 Epidemiology of Achilles tendon rupture in the US | Lower Extremity Review Magazine

  https://lermagazine.com/article/epidemiology-of-achilles-tendon-rupture-in-the-us

  Men are more likely than women to rupture their Achilles tendons and do so at a much younger age. Clinicians still miss 24% of ruptures acutely, particularly in older patients, those in whom sports involvement was not the causative mechanism, and those with high BMIs. […] An Achilles tendon rupture in one limb increases the likelihood of a rupture on the contralateral side.

• #73 Intern Ultrasound of the Month: Achilles Tendon Rupture — University Hospitals Emergency Medicine Residency

  https://www.thelandofem.com/blog/2021/6/21/iusotm/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the United States is 2.1 per 100,000 person-years and is on the rise […] Higher incidence in men […] Acute rupture most common between ages 20-40 years old […] Vast majority occur during recreational sports […] Risk factors: pre-existing achilles tendon pathology, degenerative changes, rheumatologic disease, steroid or fluoroquinolone use […] If not promptly diagnosed, it can result in poor operative outcomes and prolonged disability […] Ultrasound has demonstrated sensitivity of 96-100% and specificity of 83-100% for detecting achilles tendon rupture […] Prompt diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is key! […] Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool, especially when the clinical assessment is equivocal its quick, safe, easily accessible, cost-effective, fairly good diagnostic accuracy.

• #74 Intern Ultrasound of the Month: Achilles Tendon Rupture — University Hospitals Emergency Medicine Residency

  https://www.thelandofem.com/blog/2021/6/21/iusotm/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the United States is 2.1 per 100,000 person-years and is on the rise […] Higher incidence in men […] Acute rupture most common between ages 20-40 years old […] Vast majority occur during recreational sports […] Risk factors: pre-existing achilles tendon pathology, degenerative changes, rheumatologic disease, steroid or fluoroquinolone use […] If not promptly diagnosed, it can result in poor operative outcomes and prolonged disability […] Ultrasound has demonstrated sensitivity of 96-100% and specificity of 83-100% for detecting achilles tendon rupture […] Prompt diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is key! […] Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool, especially when the clinical assessment is equivocal its quick, safe, easily accessible, cost-effective, fairly good diagnostic accuracy.

• #75 Intern Ultrasound of the Month: Achilles Tendon Rupture — University Hospitals Emergency Medicine Residency

  https://www.thelandofem.com/blog/2021/6/21/iusotm/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the United States is 2.1 per 100,000 person-years and is on the rise […] Higher incidence in men […] Acute rupture most common between ages 20-40 years old […] Vast majority occur during recreational sports […] Risk factors: pre-existing achilles tendon pathology, degenerative changes, rheumatologic disease, steroid or fluoroquinolone use […] If not promptly diagnosed, it can result in poor operative outcomes and prolonged disability […] Ultrasound has demonstrated sensitivity of 96-100% and specificity of 83-100% for detecting achilles tendon rupture […] Prompt diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is key! […] Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool, especially when the clinical assessment is equivocal its quick, safe, easily accessible, cost-effective, fairly good diagnostic accuracy.

• #76 Intern Ultrasound of the Month: Achilles Tendon Rupture — University Hospitals Emergency Medicine Residency

  https://www.thelandofem.com/blog/2021/6/21/iusotm/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the United States is 2.1 per 100,000 person-years and is on the rise […] Higher incidence in men […] Acute rupture most common between ages 20-40 years old […] Vast majority occur during recreational sports […] Risk factors: pre-existing achilles tendon pathology, degenerative changes, rheumatologic disease, steroid or fluoroquinolone use […] If not promptly diagnosed, it can result in poor operative outcomes and prolonged disability […] Ultrasound has demonstrated sensitivity of 96-100% and specificity of 83-100% for detecting achilles tendon rupture […] Prompt diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is key! […] Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool, especially when the clinical assessment is equivocal its quick, safe, easily accessible, cost-effective, fairly good diagnostic accuracy.

• #77

  https://www.orthobullets.com/foot-and-ankle/7021/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles Tendon Ruptures are common tendon injuries that occur due to sudden dorsiflexion of a plantarflexed foot, most commonly associated with sporting events. […] Epidemiology: Incidence: 18:100,000 per year may be missed in up to 25%. […] Demographics: more common in men, most common in ages 30-40. […] Risk factors: episodic athletes, „weekend warrior”, flouroquinolone antibiotics, steroid injections.

• #78

  https://scholars.duke.edu/publication/1551665

  Epidemiology and Video Analysis of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Basketball Association. […] There is a paucity of literature regarding risk factors and mechanisms of Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in the National Basketball Association (NBA). […] To identify the risk factors and outcomes of AT ruptures in NBA athletes. […] AT ruptures in the NBA that occurred between the seasons of 1969-1970 and 2017-2018 were identified. […] Forty-four ruptures were identified between 1970 and 2018. […] The mean age was 28.3 years, with players averaging 6.8 seasons before AT rupture. […] AT ruptures were most prevalent during early-season game play (27.3%), followed by preseason (18.2%) and late season (18.2%). […] More than a third (36.8%) of players either did not return to play or started in fewer than 10 games in the remainder of their career, with 21% of ruptures leading to retirement. […] The mean time to return to play was 10.5 months. […] The most common mechanism of injury is taking off from a stopped position just before toe-off in a dorsiflexed foot.

• #79 Mechanisms of Achilles Tendon Rupture in National Basketball Association Players in: Journal of Applied Biomechanics Volume 38 Issue 6 (2022)

  https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jab/38/6/article-p398.xml

  A systematic search was performed of online databases for any Achilles tendon (AT) injuries occurring within the National Basketball Association (NBA). […] Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures occur readily in professional basketball evidenced by an increase in the annual occurrence, and a greater prevalence compared with other athletic populations in the United States. […] Previous literature has examined the epidemiology of AT ruptures in NBA players. […] The mechanism of injury has also been studied using 2D video analysis, which can be a valuable tool for in situ evaluation during athletic competitions. […] The present findings suggest the importance of generating increased AT stiffness during the false-step movement. […] The AT ruptures can be deleterious to professional basketball athletes. Extreme ankle dorsiflexion was identified with outward turning of the foot following a false step as the predominant mechanism of AT injury in NBA players.

• #80 Incidence, demographics, characteristics and management of acute Achilles tendon rupture: An epidemiological study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304197

  Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) account for 10.7% of all tendon and ligament injuries and causes lasting muscular deficits and have a profound impact on patients quality of life. The incidence, characteristics and management of ATR in the United Kingdom (UK) is poorly understood. This investigation aims to understand the incidence of ATR in the UK. […] ATR incidence is 8 per 100,000 people per annum. […] The incidence of ATR found was 8 cases per 100,000 people per annum. Most ATR were managed non-surgically in this cohort. The majority of ruptures occurred during sporting activity. […] The incidence of ATR presenting to ED was 8 per 100,000 people per annum. Consistent with previous UK ATR data, an increasing incidence of ATR was identified. […] The UK management of ATR is predominantly non-surgical. This contrasts with surgical management rates seen internationally.

• #81 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  A simultaneous decreasing trend in the proportion of surgically treated ATR was observed, stabilised at a rate of around 14%15% since 2017. […] The time from diagnosis until surgical repair was investigated, demonstrating a continuous increase in time until surgical repair throughout the study period, which may have a negative impact on the outcomes of ATR patients. […] The incidence rate of ATR demonstrated both a long-term and a recent rise while an increasing median age at rupture. Concurrently, the rate of surgical treatment of ATR showed a steady decline to reach a plateau in the last 5 years of this study. Moreover, the time from injury to surgical treatment has significantly increased over the past 20 years.

• #82 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  The long-term incidence rate for ATR injury increased by 45%, from 28.8 in 2002 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] In the last 5 years of the study, there was a significant, continuing increase in ATR incidence by 21%, from 34.4 in 2017 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] The surgical incidence rates decreased from 13.4 to 6.0 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] A significant increase in time from injury to surgery was observed throughout the study period. […] The observed increase in incidence rates and decrease in surgical treatment of ATR emphasise the need for evidence-based treatment and rehabilitation protocols for non-operated patients of all ages. […] This study demonstrates a long-term rise since 2002 and an accelerated increase since 2017 in incidence rates of ATR, contrasting publications from Europe and Asia.

• #83 The epidemiology and trends in management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures in Ontario, Canada | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.99B1.BJJ-2016-0434.R1

  The aims of this study were to establish the incidence of acute Achilles tendon rupture (AATR) in a North American population, to select demographic subgroups and to examine trends in the management of this injury in the province of Ontario, Canada. […] A total of 27 607 patients (median age, 44 years; interquartile range 26 to 62; 66.5% male) sustained an AATR. The annual IDR increased from 18.0 to 29.3 per 100 000 person-years between 2003 and 2013. […] The incidence of AATR is increasing in Ontario, while the annual rate of surgical repair is decreasing. A sharp decline in the rate of surgical repair was noted after 2009. This coincided with the publication of several high-quality RCTs which showed similar outcomes for the functional non-operative management and surgical repair.

• #84 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  The long-term incidence rate for ATR injury increased by 45%, from 28.8 in 2002 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] In the last 5 years of the study, there was a significant, continuing increase in ATR incidence by 21%, from 34.4 in 2017 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] The surgical incidence rates decreased from 13.4 to 6.0 per 100 000 person-years (p0.0001). […] A significant increase in time from injury to surgery was observed throughout the study period. […] The observed increase in incidence rates and decrease in surgical treatment of ATR emphasise the need for evidence-based treatment and rehabilitation protocols for non-operated patients of all ages. […] This study demonstrates a long-term rise since 2002 and an accelerated increase since 2017 in incidence rates of ATR, contrasting publications from Europe and Asia.

• #85 Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

  https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/10/3/e001960

  A simultaneous decreasing trend in the proportion of surgically treated ATR was observed, stabilised at a rate of around 14%15% since 2017. […] The time from diagnosis until surgical repair was investigated, demonstrating a continuous increase in time until surgical repair throughout the study period, which may have a negative impact on the outcomes of ATR patients. […] The incidence rate of ATR demonstrated both a long-term and a recent rise while an increasing median age at rupture. Concurrently, the rate of surgical treatment of ATR showed a steady decline to reach a plateau in the last 5 years of this study. Moreover, the time from injury to surgical treatment has significantly increased over the past 20 years.

• #86

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-023-07309-y

  Acute Achilles tendon ruptures (AATRs) are a common sporting injury, whether for recreational athletes or elite athletes. […] The purpose of this study was to investigate rates of acute Achilles tendon ruptures at a single academic institute in the peri-COVID era, with corollary to the recent NFL season. […] A total of 588 patients who sustained AATRs and underwent primary surgical repair were identified, primarily men (75.7%, n=445), with an average age of 43.2214.4 years. […] The number and corresponding incidence of AATR repairs per year was: 2017: n=124 (21.1%), 2018: n=110 (18.7%), 2019: n=130 (22.1%), 2020: n=86 (14.6%), 2021: n=138 (23.5%), indicating a 7.5% decrease in rate of AATRs from 2019 to 2020, followed by an 8.9% increase in incidence from 2020 to 2021. […] AATR surgeries seem to have increased in 2021 following a 2020 COVID pandemic-induced quarantine for recreational athletes at a single academic institution and for professional athletes in the NFL, although these results are of questionable clinical significance.

• #87

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-023-07309-y

  The main finding of this study is a decrease in the incidence of AATRs surgeries during the height of the COVID pandemic quarantine in 2020, with a 13.9% increase in post-COVID 2021 compared to 2020 at a single academic institution. […] There was also a 8.1% higher incidence of AATR surgeries in 2021 compared to pre-COVID normal levels when averaged between 2017 and 2019, findings that are mirrored in the NFL, with the most recent 20212022 regular season having 24 AATRs leading to significant time lost to IR. […] The current study has shown a large increase in the number of AATR in recreational athletes as well as professional athletes following a period of extended rest.

• #88

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-023-07309-y

  The main finding of this study is a decrease in the incidence of AATRs surgeries during the height of the COVID pandemic quarantine in 2020, with a 13.9% increase in post-COVID 2021 compared to 2020 at a single academic institution. […] There was also a 8.1% higher incidence of AATR surgeries in 2021 compared to pre-COVID normal levels when averaged between 2017 and 2019, findings that are mirrored in the NFL, with the most recent 20212022 regular season having 24 AATRs leading to significant time lost to IR. […] The current study has shown a large increase in the number of AATR in recreational athletes as well as professional athletes following a period of extended rest.

• #89

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-023-07309-y

  The main finding of this study is a decrease in the incidence of AATRs surgeries during the height of the COVID pandemic quarantine in 2020, with a 13.9% increase in post-COVID 2021 compared to 2020 at a single academic institution. […] There was also a 8.1% higher incidence of AATR surgeries in 2021 compared to pre-COVID normal levels when averaged between 2017 and 2019, findings that are mirrored in the NFL, with the most recent 20212022 regular season having 24 AATRs leading to significant time lost to IR. […] The current study has shown a large increase in the number of AATR in recreational athletes as well as professional athletes following a period of extended rest.

• #90 Achilles tendon rupture – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/achilles-tendon-rupture

  Achilles tendon rupture […] The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the general population is approximately 5 to 10 per 100,000, but may be higher in some regions and populations, and is increasing overall. Over 80 percent of ruptures occur during recreational sports. Approximately 10 percent of patients who sustain an Achilles tendon rupture had preexisting Achilles tendon problems. […] Tendon rupture occurs in 8.3 percent of competitive athletes. Competitive athletes with a high lifetime incidence of tendon rupture include sprinters (18 percent), decathletes (17 percent), football (soccer) players (17 percent), track and field jumpers (12 percent), basketball players (12 percent), and ice hockey players (9 percent). […] Increased age, male sex, and obesity are risk factors for Achilles tendon problems. The peak age for rupture is 30 to 40 years for both men and women; this may be when degenerative changes and occasional high stress from sports coincide. Rupture is four to five times more common in men than women. As participation in recreational sports has increased over the past 50 years, so has the rate of tendon rupture. Achilles tendon rupture is rare among children and more likely to be sustained through direct, often penetrating, trauma.

• #91 Epidemiology of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States: Athletic and Nonathletic Injuries From 2012 to 2016

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6259075/

  While AT ruptures in the US most commonly occur in young male patients (20-39 years old), the largest rise in the incidence was observed in middle-aged patients (40-59 years old), with participation in recreational sports being the most likely mechanism. […] The incidence of AT ruptures has increased over the past decade. It is believed that increased participation in physical activity by older patients is contributory to this rising incidence. […] Studies have shown that a majority of AT ruptures occur during sport participation and primarily in middle-aged men, leading to the consensus that male recreational athletes are most at risk for these injuries. […] Presently, the majority of studies investigating the incidence of AT ruptures have been performed outside of the United States (US), and the limited number of studies performed in the US have analyzed samples not representative of the entire US population. […] The purpose of this study was to utilize the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database, which is representative of cases from emergency departments (EDs) in the US, to determine the incidence and risk factors for AT ruptures.

• #92 Outcomes of operative and nonoperative management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic review | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-025-08286-8

  Achilles tendon ruptures are the most common lower extremity tendinous rupture. While there has been extensive research into the management of mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures, there is a paucity of literature on the management of myotendinous Achilles tendon ruptures. […] The injury most commonly occurs in patients between the ages of 30 and 60 who participate in recreational sports on a sporadic basis (the weekend warrior). […] An increased risk of Achilles tendon ruptures has also been shown in patients with a history of prolonged corticosteroid use, overexertion, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, oral bisphosphonates, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and hyperparathyroidism, although these ruptures tend to be more atraumatic in nature. […] The proportion of Achilles tendon ruptures occurring at the MTJ is unclear; however, one retrospective study that examined over 500 Achilles tendon rupture patients found that 6.7% of patients had a tear at the MTJ.

• #93 Achilles Tendon Rupture: Mechanisms of Injury, Principles of Rehabilitation and Return to Play

  https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/5/4/95

  Achilles tendon ruptures (ATRs) mainly occur during sports activities, and their incidence has increased over the last few decades. […] The incidence of ATRs has increased over the last several decades, probably as a result of widespread sports participation. […] Return to play (RTP) is very important for all athletes who suffered from an ATR, but despite an increased interest in RTP in the last years, there is still a lack of objective criteria for the RTP. […] There is still limited available evidence for optimized rehabilitation regimen, and guidelines for initial rehabilitation are limited as well. […] The mean rate of athletes being unable to RTP among the above-mentioned studies was 29.7 ± 6.738, and athletes who did not return to their previous level of sport was 25.5 ± 7.5. […] More than 70% of athletes are able to return to play after an ATR.

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