Rozdarcie ścięgna achillesa
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Zerwanie ścięgna Achillesa (ATR) jest częstym urazem sportowym, którego leczenie może być wyzwaniem ze względu na zmienność wyników i często utrzymujące się dolegliwości bólowe oraz deficyty funkcjonalne nawet rok po zabiegu. Optymalny czas gojenia wynosi 4-6 miesięcy, a leczenie chirurgiczne jest preferowane u młodszych, aktywnych pacjentów, umożliwiając odzyskanie pełnej siły i funkcji ścięgna. Wybór metody leczenia (chirurgiczne vs. zachowawcze) jest umiarkowanym predyktorem objawów i słabym predyktorem wysokości uniesienia pięty, co podkreśla rosnące znaczenie protokołów rehabilitacyjnych w procesie powrotu do sprawności.

Rokowanie po zerwaniu ścięgna Achillesa

Zerwanie ścięgna Achillesa (ATR – Achilles Tendon Rupture) stanowi częsty uraz sportowy, którego częstość występowania rośnie, a skutki mogą być znacząco upośledzające dla pacjenta. Wyniki leczenia po zerwaniu ścięgna Achillesa są zmienne i często niesatysfakcjonujące. Wielu pacjentów rok po zabiegu nadal odczuwa ból, deficyty funkcjonalne i ograniczenia w chodzeniu.123

Przy odpowiednim leczeniu, większość zerwań ścięgna Achillesa w pełni goi się w ciągu czterech do sześciu miesięcy. Zabieg chirurgiczny naprawy zerwanego ścięgna Achillesa jest zwykle najlepszą opcją dla młodszych, aktywnych osób. Po chirurgicznej naprawie można odzyskać pełną siłę i funkcję ścięgna Achillesa.4

Czynniki prognostyczne wpływające na wyniki leczenia

Badania wykazały kilka istotnych czynników prognostycznych związanych z wynikami leczenia zerwania ścięgna Achillesa:

Metoda leczenia

Leczenie chirurgiczne lub zachowawcze jest umiarkowanym predyktorem objawów i słabym predyktorem wysokości uniesienia pięty po ostrym zerwaniu ścięgna Achillesa. Mimo że istnieją przekonujące dowody, że wyniki po leczeniu chirurgicznym i zachowawczym są porównywalne, metody rehabilitacji stają się coraz bardziej znaczące w procesie leczenia.56

Wiek pacjenta

Zwiększający się wiek okazał się silnym predyktorem zmniejszonej wysokości uniesienia pięty. Zwiększenie wieku o 10 lat zmniejsza oczekiwaną wysokość uniesienia pięty o około 8%. Jest to ważny czynnik przy prognozowaniu funkcjonalnej sprawności pacjenta po leczeniu.7

BMI pacjenta

Wyższy wskaźnik BMI jest silnym predyktorem większego nasilenia objawów. Wzrost BMI o 5 jednostek prognozuje obniżenie wyniku ATRS (Achilles Tendon Rupture Score) o około 10 punktów. ATRS jest skalą oceniającą subiektywne wyniki leczenia zgłaszane przez pacjentów.8

Wielkość szczeliny między końcami zerwanego ścięgna

Wielkość szczeliny między końcami zerwanego ścięgna wpływa odwrotnie proporcjonalnie na wynik ATRS, z korelacją Pearsona wynoszącą -0,30 (p = 0,008). Średni wynik ATRS był niższy przy szczelinach ≥5 mm w porównaniu do szczelin <5 mm (73 vs 82; p = 0,031). Najniższy średni wynik ATRS (70) obserwowano przy szczelinach ≥10 mm, ze znaczącymi różnicami w postrzeganej sile i bólu.910

Szczelina ścięgna ≥5 mm może być użytecznym predyktorem dla osób o dużych wymaganiach fizycznych, a szczelina ≥10 mm dla osób o niskich wymaganiach fizycznych. Potrzebne są dalsze badania, które kontrolują wielkość szczeliny przy porównywaniu leczenia nieoperacyjnego i operacyjnego.1112

Płeć pacjenta

Badania na dużych kohortach pacjentów wskazują, że płeć żeńska wiąże się z niższymi wynikami ATRS, o 7,8 punktu (CI=3,3 do 12,3) niższymi niż u mężczyzn. Jest to pierwszy raport z większą liczbą uwzględnionych kobiet, który pokazuje, że płeć żeńska przewiduje gorsze subiektywne wyniki po ostrym ATR. Analizy pytań dotyczących zadowolenia z leczenia i powrotu do zdrowia po urazie stratyfikowane według płci są zgodne z różnicami płciowymi w ATRS.1314

Biomarkery prognostyczne w gojeniu ścięgna Achillesa

Nowatorskie badania wskazują na potencjalne biomarkery, które mogą prognozować wyniki leczenia:

Ekspresja genu FGF

Wyższa ekspresja genu FGF wiązała się z lepszym wynikiem zgłaszanym przez pacjentów rok po ATR, co może sugerować ogólnie poprawiony proces gojenia ścięgna. Badania wykazały, że wyższa ekspresja genu FGF w ludzkim ścięgnie była pozytywnie skorelowana z mniejszym bólem, mniejszymi ograniczeniami w bieganiu i mniejszą utratą aktywności fizycznej w pracy. Te odkrycia dostarczają dowodów, że ekspresja FGF w biopsjach ścięgna pacjentów z ostrym ATR może być wykorzystana jako predyktor do prognostycznej oceny wyników leczenia pacjentów, rok po operacji.15

Markery prokolagenowe

Ocena markerów prokolagenowych we wczesnym gojeniu ścięgna może przewidywać długoterminowe wyniki zgłaszane przez pacjentów po ATR. Jest to pierwsze doniesienie, że markery formowania się kalusu ścięgna oceniane podczas wczesnego gojenia ścięgna mogą przewidywać długoterminowy wynik zgłaszany przez pacjenta po ATR.16

Analizy regresji liniowej wielokrotnej wykazały, że markery produkcji kalusu wykazywały istotne niezależne i umiarkowane korelacje liczbowe z PROMs (Patient-Reported Outcome Measures). Poziomy prokolagenu typu I i III oraz całkowitej zawartości białka we wczesnej fazie gojenia ścięgna Achillesa mogłyby być wykorzystane wraz z innymi, jeszcze nieodkrytymi czynnikami do przewidywania doświadczania bólu i zmęczenia w zajętej kończynie, ocenianego rok po operacji.17

Ocena powrotu do zdrowia za pomocą ATRS

ATRS (Achilles Tendon Rupture Score) jest ważnym narzędziem do oceny wyników leczenia i przewidywania rokowania:

ATRS-NL (holenderska wersja) wykazała dobrą responsywność u pacjentów z ATR między 3 a 6 miesiącem po urazie. Zaleca się stosowanie tego kwestionariusza w obserwacji klinicznej i badaniach podłużnych pacjentów z ATR.18

Wartości MIC (Minimal Important Change) wynoszące 13,5 i 28,5 są zalecane do uznania pacjentów z ATR za poprawiających się i znacznie poprawiających się między 3 a 6 miesiącem po ATR. AUC wykazało dobrą (0,7) zdolność różnicującą ATRS-NL w wykrywaniu poprawy w GRoC (Global Rating of Change) i w poddziale mobilności EQ-5D-5L.19

ATRS-NL jest ważny, wiarygodny, łatwy do administrowania i punktowania oraz, jak wykazano w obecnym badaniu, responsywny na zmiany w okresie obserwacji klinicznej (3 i 6 miesięcy) po ATR. Zaleca się, aby badacze i klinicyści używali MIC wynoszącego 13,5 jako minimalnej zmiany wyniku, aby uznać pacjentów za poprawiających się. Aby zidentyfikować podgrupę pacjentów, którzy wykazują najlepszą poprawę między 3 a 6 miesiącem po ATR, sugeruje się MIC wynoszący 28,5.20

Ograniczenia w przewidywaniu wyników leczenia

Mimo zidentyfikowania istotnych możliwych predyktorów wyniku, modele mają ograniczoną zdolność przewidywania końcowego indywidualnego wyniku. Ogólnie modele wydają się być lepsze w przewidywaniu funkcji niż objawów.21

Fakt, że ponad połowa pacjentów wykazywała zmęczenie i/lub ból po upływie 1 roku, sugeruje, że obecne wyniki po ATR są nieoptymalne.22

Mimo wysokiego i rosnącego obciążenia, brak jest konsensusu w kwestii postępowania w przypadku ATR. Kilka czynników związanych z pacjentem (BMI, choroby współistniejące i status sportowy) i związanych z urazem (opóźnienie zgłoszenia, etiologia urazu, wielkość szczeliny) ma możliwy wpływ na powrót do zdrowia i końcowy wynik. Jednakże rola tych czynników w procesie powrotu do zdrowia po ATR przy użyciu wielu kompleksowych wyników nie została przeanalizowana.2324

Wnioski końcowe

Rokowanie po zerwaniu ścięgna Achillesa zależy od wielu czynników, w tym metody leczenia, wieku, BMI, płci oraz wielkości szczeliny między końcami zerwanego ścięgna. Nowsze badania wskazują również na potencjalne biomarkery, takie jak ekspresja genu FGF i markery prokolagenowe, które mogą przewidywać wyniki leczenia.

Większość pacjentów może się spodziewać pełnego wygojenia w ciągu 4-6 miesięcy przy odpowiednim leczeniu, jednak wielu nadal doświadcza deficytów funkcjonalnych i bólu nawet rok po urazie. Narzędzia takie jak ATRS są użyteczne w monitorowaniu postępów i prognozowaniu wyników leczenia.

Badania sugerują, że lepsze zrozumienie roli różnych czynników prognostycznych może pomóc w indywidualizacji leczenia ATR i poprawie wyników klinicznych. Przyszłe badania powinny koncentrować się na opracowaniu kompleksowych modeli prognostycznych, które mogą dokładniej przewidywać indywidualne wyniki pacjentów.

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  1. 14.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 FGF gene expression in injured tendons as a prognostic biomarker of 1-year patient outcome after Achilles tendon repair | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics | Full Text
    https://jeo-esska.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40634-021-00335-0
    Healing outcome after Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is variable and unsatisfactory. Many ATR patients still exhibit pain, functional deficits and limitations in walking one-year post-surgery. […] Our findings indicate that FGF gene expression is associated with improved patient-reported outcome. FGF expression in surgical biopsies could potentially be used to assist the prognostic evaluation of patient outcome and may be used as a predictor for healing. […] The most important finding was that higher FGF gene expression was positively correlated to better patient-reported outcome 1 year after ATR, which could suggest an overall improved tendon healing process. […] Our study showed that higher FGF gene expression in human tendon was positively correlated to less pain, less running limitations and less loss in physical work activity. […] Taken together, our findings provide evidence that FGF expression in tendon biopsies of patients with acute ATR can be used as a predictor for prognostic evaluation of patient outcome, one-year post-surgery.
  • #2 Procollagen markers in microdialysate can predict patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
    https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000114
    Patients who sustain acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exhibit variable and mostly impaired long-term functional, and patient-reported outcomes. […] The aim of this study was to assess markers of tendon callus production in patients with ATR in terms of outcome, pain, and fatigue. […] Assessment of procollagen markers in early tendon healing can predict long-term patient-reported outcomes after ATR. […] These novel findings suggest that procollagen markers could be used to facilitate the development of improved treatment methods in patients who sustain ATR. […] This study reports for the first time that tendon callus formation markers assessed during early tendon healing can predict the long-term patient-reported outcome after an ATR. […] The finding that more than half of the patients exhibited fatigue and/or pain at 1 year suggests that current outcome after ATR is suboptimal.
  • #3
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2437-z
    Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a common sports injury, with a rising incidence and significant impairments. […] The primary aim of this study is to give a broad insight into the recovery after ATR. […] This prospective cohort study will contribute to optimal decision making in the primary treatment and rehabilitation of ATRs by providing insight into (1) ATR recovery (2) novel imaging for monitoring recovery (3) (barriers to) return to sport and (4) cost-effectiveness of management. […] Despite the high and increasing burden, consensus on ATR management is lacking. […] Because there is conclusive evidence that outcomes after surgical and non-surgical treatment of ATRs are comparable, methods of rehabilitation are becoming increasingly significant. […] Several patient-related (BMI, comorbidities and athletic status) and injury-related (delay in presentation, injury etiology, gap-size) factors have a possible influence on the recovery and final outcome.
  • #4 Achilles Tendon Rupture: What Is It, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21703-achilles-tendon-rupture
    With proper treatment, most Achilles tendon ruptures fully heal within four to six months. […] Having surgery to repair a torn Achilles tendon is usually the best option for younger, active people. After surgical repair, you can regain your Achilles tendon’s full strength and function.
  • #5 Predictors of Clinical Outcome After Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24658347/
    In patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture, it has not been possible to determine the superiority of a single specific treatment modality over other treatments with respect to symptoms and function. […] To investigate predictors of both symptomatic and functional outcomes after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Treatment, age, BMI, physical activity level, heel-rise height at 6 months, and the ATRS at 3 months were eligible for further analysis. […] Surgical or nonsurgical treatment is a moderate predictor of symptoms and a weak predictor of heel-rise height after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Increasing age was a strong predictor of reduced heel-rise height, and an increase in age of 10 years reduced the expected heel-rise height by approximately 8%. […] A higher BMI was also a strong predictor of a greater degree of symptoms, and a 5-unit higher BMI predicted a reduction of approximately 10 points in the ATRS. […] The present study identified important possible predictors of outcome. Despite having a wide range of clinically relevant variables, the models had a limited ability to predict the final individual outcome. In general, the models appear to be better at predicting function than symptoms.
  • #6
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2437-z
    Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a common sports injury, with a rising incidence and significant impairments. […] The primary aim of this study is to give a broad insight into the recovery after ATR. […] This prospective cohort study will contribute to optimal decision making in the primary treatment and rehabilitation of ATRs by providing insight into (1) ATR recovery (2) novel imaging for monitoring recovery (3) (barriers to) return to sport and (4) cost-effectiveness of management. […] Despite the high and increasing burden, consensus on ATR management is lacking. […] Because there is conclusive evidence that outcomes after surgical and non-surgical treatment of ATRs are comparable, methods of rehabilitation are becoming increasingly significant. […] Several patient-related (BMI, comorbidities and athletic status) and injury-related (delay in presentation, injury etiology, gap-size) factors have a possible influence on the recovery and final outcome.
  • #7 Predictors of Clinical Outcome After Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24658347/
    In patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture, it has not been possible to determine the superiority of a single specific treatment modality over other treatments with respect to symptoms and function. […] To investigate predictors of both symptomatic and functional outcomes after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Treatment, age, BMI, physical activity level, heel-rise height at 6 months, and the ATRS at 3 months were eligible for further analysis. […] Surgical or nonsurgical treatment is a moderate predictor of symptoms and a weak predictor of heel-rise height after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Increasing age was a strong predictor of reduced heel-rise height, and an increase in age of 10 years reduced the expected heel-rise height by approximately 8%. […] A higher BMI was also a strong predictor of a greater degree of symptoms, and a 5-unit higher BMI predicted a reduction of approximately 10 points in the ATRS. […] The present study identified important possible predictors of outcome. Despite having a wide range of clinically relevant variables, the models had a limited ability to predict the final individual outcome. In general, the models appear to be better at predicting function than symptoms.
  • #8 Predictors of Clinical Outcome After Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24658347/
    In patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture, it has not been possible to determine the superiority of a single specific treatment modality over other treatments with respect to symptoms and function. […] To investigate predictors of both symptomatic and functional outcomes after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Treatment, age, BMI, physical activity level, heel-rise height at 6 months, and the ATRS at 3 months were eligible for further analysis. […] Surgical or nonsurgical treatment is a moderate predictor of symptoms and a weak predictor of heel-rise height after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Increasing age was a strong predictor of reduced heel-rise height, and an increase in age of 10 years reduced the expected heel-rise height by approximately 8%. […] A higher BMI was also a strong predictor of a greater degree of symptoms, and a 5-unit higher BMI predicted a reduction of approximately 10 points in the ATRS. […] The present study identified important possible predictors of outcome. Despite having a wide range of clinically relevant variables, the models had a limited ability to predict the final individual outcome. In general, the models appear to be better at predicting function than symptoms.
  • #9 Does size of tendon gap affect patient-reported outcome following Achilles tendon rupture treated with functional rehabilitation? – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33135439/
    Aims: Functional rehabilitation has become an increasingly popular treatment for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), providing comparably low re-rupture rates to surgery, while avoiding risks of surgical complications. Limited evidence exists on whether gap size should affect patient selection for this treatment option. The aim of this study was to assess if size of gap between ruptured tendon ends affects patient-reported outcome following ATR treated with functional rehabilitation. […] Results: In all, 82 patients with completed ATRS were included in the analysis. Their mean age was 51 years (standard deviation (SD) 14). The mean ATRS was 76 (SD 19) at a mean follow-up of 20 months (SD 11) following injury. Gap inversely affected ATRS with a Pearson’s correlation of -0.30 (p = 0.008). Mean ATRS was lower with gaps 5 mm compared with 5 mm (73 (SD 21) vs 82 (SD 16); p = 0.031). Mean ATRS was lowest (70 (SD 23)) with gaps 10 mm, with significant differences in perceived strength and pain. The overall re-rupture rate was two out of 131 (1.5%).
  • #10 Does size of tendon gap affect patient-reported outcome following Achilles tendon rupture treated with functional rehabilitation? | Bone & Joint
    https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.102B11.BJJ-2020-0908.R1
    Functional rehabilitation has become an increasingly popular treatment for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), providing comparably low re-rupture rates to surgery, while avoiding risks of surgical complications. […] The aim of this study was to assess if size of gap between ruptured tendon ends affects patient-reported outcome following ATR treated with functional rehabilitation. […] Gap inversely affected ATRS with a Pearsons correlation of -0.30 (p = 0.008). […] Mean ATRS was lower with gaps 5 mm compared with 5 mm (73 (SD 21) vs 82 (SD 16); p = 0.031). […] Mean ATRS was lowest (70 (SD 23)) with gaps 10 mm, with significant differences in perceived strength and pain. […] Increasing gap size predicts lower patient-reported outcome, as measured by ATRS. […] Tendon gap 5 mm may be a useful predictor in physically demanding individuals, and tendon gap 10 mm for those with low physical demand.
  • #11 Does size of tendon gap affect patient-reported outcome following Achilles tendon rupture treated with functional rehabilitation? – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33135439/
    Conclusion: Increasing gap size predicts lower patient-reported outcome, as measured by ATRS. Tendon gap 5 mm may be a useful predictor in physically demanding individuals, and tendon gap 10 mm for those with low physical demand. Further studies that control for gap size when comparing non-operative and operative treatment are required to assess if these patients may benefit from surgery, particularly when balanced against the surgical risks.
  • #12 Does size of tendon gap affect patient-reported outcome following Achilles tendon rupture treated with functional rehabilitation? | Bone & Joint
    https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.102B11.BJJ-2020-0908.R1
    Functional rehabilitation has become an increasingly popular treatment for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), providing comparably low re-rupture rates to surgery, while avoiding risks of surgical complications. […] The aim of this study was to assess if size of gap between ruptured tendon ends affects patient-reported outcome following ATR treated with functional rehabilitation. […] Gap inversely affected ATRS with a Pearsons correlation of -0.30 (p = 0.008). […] Mean ATRS was lower with gaps 5 mm compared with 5 mm (73 (SD 21) vs 82 (SD 16); p = 0.031). […] Mean ATRS was lowest (70 (SD 23)) with gaps 10 mm, with significant differences in perceived strength and pain. […] Increasing gap size predicts lower patient-reported outcome, as measured by ATRS. […] Tendon gap 5 mm may be a useful predictor in physically demanding individuals, and tendon gap 10 mm for those with low physical demand.
  • #13 Sex differences in patients’ recovery following an acute Achilles tendon rupture – a large cohort study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text
    https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-022-05875-9
    A total of 856 patients were included of which 66% participated prospectively. […] Female gender resulted in a lower ATRS, 7.8 points (CI=3.3 to 12.3), than male gender. […] To our knowledge, this is the first report with a larger number of women included showing that female sex predicts inferior self-reported results after an acute ATR. […] The most important finding in this study is that women have significantly lower ATRS scores after an acute Achilles tendon rupture compared with men, even when adjusted for BMI, age and treatment. […] The lower self-reported outcome in women is consistent with the results presented by Silbernagel et al. […] This study potentially comprises the largest number of women evaluated following an ATR and confirms the findings of earlier studies that women appear to experience a poorer outcome after an acute ATR.
  • #14 Sex differences in patients’ recovery following an acute Achilles tendon rupture – a large cohort study | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text
    https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-022-05875-9
    Further analyses of the questions relating to satisfaction with the treatment and recovery after the injury stratified by sex are consistent with the sex differences in the ATRS. […] This study suggests that being a woman leads to a lower ATRS, but the reason for this is not known. […] The results based on this large cohort are broadly consistent with the majority of the studies reporting that being a woman can be regarded as a predictor of inferior results.
  • #15 FGF gene expression in injured tendons as a prognostic biomarker of 1-year patient outcome after Achilles tendon repair | Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics | Full Text
    https://jeo-esska.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40634-021-00335-0
    Healing outcome after Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is variable and unsatisfactory. Many ATR patients still exhibit pain, functional deficits and limitations in walking one-year post-surgery. […] Our findings indicate that FGF gene expression is associated with improved patient-reported outcome. FGF expression in surgical biopsies could potentially be used to assist the prognostic evaluation of patient outcome and may be used as a predictor for healing. […] The most important finding was that higher FGF gene expression was positively correlated to better patient-reported outcome 1 year after ATR, which could suggest an overall improved tendon healing process. […] Our study showed that higher FGF gene expression in human tendon was positively correlated to less pain, less running limitations and less loss in physical work activity. […] Taken together, our findings provide evidence that FGF expression in tendon biopsies of patients with acute ATR can be used as a predictor for prognostic evaluation of patient outcome, one-year post-surgery.
  • #16 Procollagen markers in microdialysate can predict patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
    https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000114
    Patients who sustain acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exhibit variable and mostly impaired long-term functional, and patient-reported outcomes. […] The aim of this study was to assess markers of tendon callus production in patients with ATR in terms of outcome, pain, and fatigue. […] Assessment of procollagen markers in early tendon healing can predict long-term patient-reported outcomes after ATR. […] These novel findings suggest that procollagen markers could be used to facilitate the development of improved treatment methods in patients who sustain ATR. […] This study reports for the first time that tendon callus formation markers assessed during early tendon healing can predict the long-term patient-reported outcome after an ATR. […] The finding that more than half of the patients exhibited fatigue and/or pain at 1 year suggests that current outcome after ATR is suboptimal.
  • #17 Procollagen markers in microdialysate can predict patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
    https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000114
    The multiple linear regression analyses found that the callus production markers exhibited significant independent and moderate numerical correlations with the PROMs. […] Thus, these findings indicate that the levels of procollagen type I and III, and total protein content in the early healing phase of the AT could be used with other, as yet undiscovered, factors to predict the experience of pain and fatigue in the affected limb as assessed 1 year postoperatively. […] In conclusion, this cohort study established that tendon callus formation markers in a microdialysate from the paratenon of the healing AT seem to predict the patient-reported outcome at 1 year postrupture.
  • #18
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-020-05924-7
    The ATRS-NL showed good responsiveness in ATR patients between 3 and 6 months after injury. […] Use of this questionnaire is recommended in clinical follow-up and longitudinal research of ATR patients. […] MIC values of 13.5 and 28.5 are recommended to consider ATR patients as improved and greatly improved between 3 and 6 months after ATR. […] The most important finding of this study is that the ATRS-NL is a responsive instrument capable of detecting relevant change between 3 and 6 months after ATR. […] The MIC ranged from 13.5 for improvement using EQ-5D-5L mobility to 28.5 using the GRoC. […] The AUC showed good (0.7) discriminating ability of the ATRS-NL in detecting improvement on the GRoC and the subdivision mobility of the EQ-5D-5L. […] It is recommended that future studies also assess the responsiveness of the ATRS-NL in a more long-term follow-up, where relatively smaller changes in improvement can be expected.
  • #19
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-020-05924-7
    The ATRS-NL showed good responsiveness in ATR patients between 3 and 6 months after injury. […] Use of this questionnaire is recommended in clinical follow-up and longitudinal research of ATR patients. […] MIC values of 13.5 and 28.5 are recommended to consider ATR patients as improved and greatly improved between 3 and 6 months after ATR. […] The most important finding of this study is that the ATRS-NL is a responsive instrument capable of detecting relevant change between 3 and 6 months after ATR. […] The MIC ranged from 13.5 for improvement using EQ-5D-5L mobility to 28.5 using the GRoC. […] The AUC showed good (0.7) discriminating ability of the ATRS-NL in detecting improvement on the GRoC and the subdivision mobility of the EQ-5D-5L. […] It is recommended that future studies also assess the responsiveness of the ATRS-NL in a more long-term follow-up, where relatively smaller changes in improvement can be expected.
  • #20
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00167-020-05924-7
    The ATRS-NL is valid, reliable, easy to administer and score and as shown by the current study responsive to change in the clinical follow-up period (3 and 6 months) after ATR. […] It is recommended researchers and clinicians use a MIC of 13.5 as the minimum change in score to consider patients as having improved, as the results show this value to accurately detect prospective improvement on EQ-5D-5L mobility. […] To identify the subgroup of patients who show the best improvement between 3 and 6 months after ATR, we suggest a MIC of 28.5, as this is the cut-off value for detecting patients who retrospectively report much less impairment on GRoC.
  • #21 Predictors of Clinical Outcome After Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24658347/
    In patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture, it has not been possible to determine the superiority of a single specific treatment modality over other treatments with respect to symptoms and function. […] To investigate predictors of both symptomatic and functional outcomes after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Treatment, age, BMI, physical activity level, heel-rise height at 6 months, and the ATRS at 3 months were eligible for further analysis. […] Surgical or nonsurgical treatment is a moderate predictor of symptoms and a weak predictor of heel-rise height after an acute Achilles tendon rupture. […] Increasing age was a strong predictor of reduced heel-rise height, and an increase in age of 10 years reduced the expected heel-rise height by approximately 8%. […] A higher BMI was also a strong predictor of a greater degree of symptoms, and a 5-unit higher BMI predicted a reduction of approximately 10 points in the ATRS. […] The present study identified important possible predictors of outcome. Despite having a wide range of clinically relevant variables, the models had a limited ability to predict the final individual outcome. In general, the models appear to be better at predicting function than symptoms.
  • #22 Procollagen markers in microdialysate can predict patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
    https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000114
    Patients who sustain acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) exhibit variable and mostly impaired long-term functional, and patient-reported outcomes. […] The aim of this study was to assess markers of tendon callus production in patients with ATR in terms of outcome, pain, and fatigue. […] Assessment of procollagen markers in early tendon healing can predict long-term patient-reported outcomes after ATR. […] These novel findings suggest that procollagen markers could be used to facilitate the development of improved treatment methods in patients who sustain ATR. […] This study reports for the first time that tendon callus formation markers assessed during early tendon healing can predict the long-term patient-reported outcome after an ATR. […] The finding that more than half of the patients exhibited fatigue and/or pain at 1 year suggests that current outcome after ATR is suboptimal.
  • #23
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2437-z
    Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a common sports injury, with a rising incidence and significant impairments. […] The primary aim of this study is to give a broad insight into the recovery after ATR. […] This prospective cohort study will contribute to optimal decision making in the primary treatment and rehabilitation of ATRs by providing insight into (1) ATR recovery (2) novel imaging for monitoring recovery (3) (barriers to) return to sport and (4) cost-effectiveness of management. […] Despite the high and increasing burden, consensus on ATR management is lacking. […] Because there is conclusive evidence that outcomes after surgical and non-surgical treatment of ATRs are comparable, methods of rehabilitation are becoming increasingly significant. […] Several patient-related (BMI, comorbidities and athletic status) and injury-related (delay in presentation, injury etiology, gap-size) factors have a possible influence on the recovery and final outcome.
  • #24
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12891-019-2437-z
    However, the role of these factors on ATR recovery using multiple, comprehensive outcomes has not been analyzed. […] Hence, this study aims to give a broad insight into the recovery after ATR as well as provide data on novel imaging and costs, thereby providing data that allows clinicians to individualize ATR management. […] This study will contribute to the primary treatment and rehabilitation of ATRs by providing insight into (1) ATR recovery, (2) novel imaging for monitoring recovery, (3) (barriers to) RTS and (4) cost-effectiveness of management.