Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer), but there are things you can do that could lower your risk. […] Having excess body weight (overweight or obesity) increases the risk of some types of stomach cancer, so getting to and staying at a healthy weight might lower your risk. […] Getting regular physical activity might also help lower your risk of stomach cancer. […] A diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables probably also lowers stomach cancer risk. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that people follow a healthy eating pattern, which includes a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables and whole grains, and avoids or limits red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and highly processed foods. […] Alcohol use probably increases the risk of stomach cancer, so avoiding or limiting alcohol might lower your risk.

• #2

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/stomach-cancer/prevention.php

  Understanding risk factors enables you to take steps towards preventing stomach cancer. Here’s what you need to consider to assess your risk. […] While researchers are still investigating exactly what causes stomach cancer, there has been progress in understanding risk factors and making some recommendations for stomach cancer prevention. […] The following stomach cancer risk factors can influence your chances of developing a type of stomach cancer called adenocarcinoma, which develops in the inner lining of the stomach. […] Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, raise a persons risk of stomach cancer. […] Anyone with these inheritable syndromes should talk to their gastroenterologist about the benefits and risks of screening with regular endoscopy.

• #3 Stomach cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352438

  To lower the risk of stomach cancer, you can: […] Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Try to include fruits and vegetables in your diet each day. Choose a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables. […] Reduce the amount of salty and smoked foods you eat. Protect your stomach by limiting these foods. […] Stop smoking. If you smoke, quit. If you don’t smoke, don’t start. Smoking increases your risk of stomach cancer and many other types of cancer. Quitting smoking can be very hard, so ask your health care provider for help. […] Tell your health care provider if stomach cancer runs in your family. People with a strong family history of stomach cancer might have stomach cancer screening. Screening tests can detect stomach cancer before it causes symptoms.

• #4 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/hp/stomach-prevention-pdq

  Interventions for Reduction of Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Risk […] Smoking cessation […] Based on solid evidence, smoking is associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer. The 2004 Surgeon Generals report identifies cigarette smoking as a cause of stomach cancer, with an average relative risk (RR) in former smokers of 1.2 and in current smokers of 1.6. Compared with persistent smokers, the risk of stomach cancer decreases among former smokers with time since cessation. This pattern of observations makes it reasonable to infer that cigarette smoking prevention or cessation would result in a decreased risk of gastric cancer. […] H. pylori infection eradication […] Based on solid evidence, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. A meta-analysis of seven randomized studies, all conducted in areas of high-risk gastric cancer and all but one conducted in Asia, suggested that treatment of H. pylori may reduce gastric cancer risk (from 1.7% to 1.1%; RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.430.98). Only two studies assessed gastric cancer incidence as the primary study outcome, and two different studies were double blinded. It is unclear how generalizable the results may be to the North American population.

• #5 Etiology and Prevention of Gastric Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5040890/

  Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease associated with environmental and genetic predisposing factors. […] Thus, prevention of gastric cancer is still a major strategy for improvement of gastric cancer prognosis. […] Helicobacter pylori infection has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. […] The eradication of H. pylori has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for primary prevention of gastric cancer. Increased intake of a diet rich in vegetables and fresh fruits as well as smoking cessation have been shown to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. […] The eradication of H. pylori is a major primary preventive strategy of gastric cancer. A healthy lifestyle, including increased intake of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, reduced intake of salted and smoked food and red meat, a reduction of alcohol intake as well as smoking cessation will be effective approaches for the prevention of gastric cancer.

• #6 Recommendations for gastric cancer prevention and control in the Americas

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10568298/

  Historically, gastric (stomach) cancer (GC) in the Americas has received little attention from policymakers, research funding agencies, and health providers despite the significant health burden in several populations. […] Gastric carcinogenesis is a multifactorial, slowly progressive process with well-defined preneoplastic stages. GC is curable if diagnosed at early stages. Unfortunately, there is no routine screening for GC in the Americas. […] The cornerstone of primary prevention of GC is eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, the main known cause. Randomized clinical trials suggest that anti-H. pylori treatment reduces both incidence and mortality from GC by 40%. […] A significant proportion of GC cases and deaths can be avoided if preventive interventions are taken. […] Strengthen population-based cancer registries.

• #7 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] – Boris Bentsianov, MD

  https://www.brooklynentdoc.com/patient-education/health-library?DOCHWID=ncicdr0000062830

  H. pylori infection eradication […] Based on solid evidence, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. A meta-analysis of seven randomized studies, all conducted in areas of high-risk gastric cancer and all but one conducted in Asia, suggested that treatment of H. pylori may reduce gastric cancer risk (from 1.7% to 1.1%; RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.98). Only two studies assessed gastric cancer incidence as the primary study outcome, and two different studies were double blinded. It is unclear how generalizable the results may be to the North American population. […] In the initial report from a randomized clinical trial, 3,365 participants were followed in an intention-to-treat analysis. Short-term treatment with amoxicillin and omeprazole was associated with a 39% reduction in gastric cancer incidence during a period of 15 years after randomization. With follow-up to 22 years, there was a reduction in both incidence and mortality. A single-center randomized clinical trial in China included a total of 1,676 participants who were at higher risk of developing gastric cancer (elevated roughly threefold) because they had a first-degree relative with gastric cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment with lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin or placebo for 7 days. After 9.2 years, this treatment regimen resulted in a reduction in gastric cancer, from 2.7% in the placebo group (23 individuals) to 1.2% in the treatment group (10 individuals), with a hazard ratio of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.21–0.94). No reduction in gastric cancer mortality was found, but the power to detect any difference was low.

• #8 New Gastric Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Eradicating H pylori – Gastroenterology Advisor

  https://www.gastroenterologyadvisor.com/news/new-guidelines-for-eradicating-helicobacter-pylori-to-prevent-cancer/

  A global consensus meeting was convened to go over current evidence and knowledge gaps and propose collaborative studies on population-wide screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for the prevention of gastric cancer (GC). […] Members from the Asian Pacific Alliance on Helicobacter and Microbiota (APAHAM) asserted that Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) should be tested for and eradicated especially among individuals vulnerable for gastric cancer (GC). […] The alliance attributed more than 85% of GC to H pylori infection. […] The alliance members suggested that screening for H pylori at the population level where incidence or risk for GC was elevated may be a prudent policy. […] Screening young individuals reduces long-term risk for GC, and the eradication of H pylori also reduces transmission rates between the individuals and their children.

• #9 Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus | Gut

  https://gut.bmj.com/content/69/12/2093

  Objective A global consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and knowledge gaps and propose collaborative studies on population-wide screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for prevention of gastric cancer (GC). […] At an individual level, eradication of H. pylori reduces the risk of GC in asymptomatic subjects and is recommended unless there are competing considerations. […] H. pylori eradication in patients with early GC after curative endoscopic resection reduces the risk of metachronous cancer and calls for a re-examination on the hypothesis of the point of no return. […] At the general population level, the strategy of screen-and-treat for H. pylori infection is most cost-effective in young adults in regions with a high incidence of GC and is recommended preferably before the development of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. […] Evidence supports the proposal that eradication therapy should be offered to all individuals infected with H. pylori. […] Mass screening and eradication of H. pylori should be considered in populations at higher risk of GC.

• #10 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Some studies have suggested that giving antibiotics to people with H pylori infection might lower the number of pre-cancerous lesions in the stomach and reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer. […] While its not yet clear if all people with H pylori infection should be treated, some research has shown that it might be helpful to treat people with H pylori who are also at higher risk for stomach cancer for other reasons, such as having a close relative with stomach cancer. […] Using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen seems to lower the risk of stomach cancer. […] It’s very important to recognize people and families with this inherited syndrome, because most people who have it will develop stomach cancer. […] However, this operation (called a total gastrectomy) can lead to long-term changes in the way a person eats.

• #11 Stomach Cancer Treatment | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/procedure/stomach-cancer-treatment

  Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent stomach cancer. […] The following are risk factors for stomach cancer: Certain medical conditions, Certain genetic conditions, Diet, Environmental causes. […] The following are protective factors that may decrease the risk of stomach cancer: Stopping smoking, Treating Helicobacter pylori infection. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent stomach cancer are being studied in clinical trials. […] Studies show that smoking is linked with an increased risk of stomach cancer. Stopping smoking or never smoking decreases the risk of stomach cancer. Smokers who stop smoking lower their risk of having stomach cancer over time. […] Studies show that chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria is linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. When H. pylori bacteria infects the stomach, the stomach may become inflamed and cause changes in the cells that line the stomach.

• #12 New Gastric Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Eradicating H pylori – Gastroenterology Advisor

  https://www.gastroenterologyadvisor.com/news/new-guidelines-for-eradicating-helicobacter-pylori-to-prevent-cancer/

  The guidelines stated the preferred method for H pylori screening was either the urea breath test, at the individual level, or the H pylori stool antigen test, at the population level. […] The group recommended screening for antibiotic resistance in local communities before deciding on a treatment regimen tailored to the specific location. […] After H pylori is eradicated from a population, the observed reinfection rate has been low (4.3%), indicating that confirmation testing was not necessary. […] The alliance members concluded that H pylori infections caused the vast majority of GC illnesses. […] For this reason, H pylori eradication should be considered, as it reduces risk for GC, with few negative adverse effects. […] H pylori screening programs should be implemented in populations that are the most high-risk, using the strategy that is most cost-effective.

• #13 Gastric Cancer Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Risk Factors and Prevention, Hereditary Cancer Predisposition Syndromes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/278744-guidelines

  Recommended follow-up intervals are as follows: […] The 2016 Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) consensus guidelines took note of the growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of H pylori and the increased failure of PPI triple therapies for 7 to 10 days as first-line therapy. In response, the guidelines gave a strong recommendation to a treatment duration of 14 days with the choice of first-line therapy based on local antibiotic resistance patterns and eradication rates.

• #14 Stomach Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/risk-prevention-screening

  A risk factor is anything that raises your chance of getting a disease, such as cancer. There are many risk factors for stomach (gastric) cancer. They include your lifestyle, genetic or inherited conditions, and problems that cause inflammation (swelling) in the stomachs lining. […] For some risk factors, there are steps you can take to try to prevent stomach cancer. Talk to your healthcare provider about prevention. […] Smoking: Youre more likely to get stomach cancer if you smoke tobacco or use tobacco products. […] Alcohol use: If you have 3 or more alcohol drinks a day, youre at higher risk for stomach cancer. Try to cut back or stop drinking alcohol. […] Diet: Its best to avoid having a lot of foods that are high in salt, smoked, or pickled. […] Eating whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables are all part of a healthy diet. Good nutrition can help prevent unwanted changes in the lining of your stomach.

• #15

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/stomach-cancer/prevention.php

  As we continue to learn more about stomach cancer and its causes, the following stomach cancer prevention recommendations may help you reduce your risk: […] Not using any tobacco products […] Not drinking alcohol […] Maintaining a healthy body weight (e.g. body mass index below 25) […] Being physically active every day […] Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (particularly citrus fruits) and low in processed meats […] Seeking treatment for an H. pylori infection.

• #16 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] – Boris Bentsianov, MD

  https://www.brooklynentdoc.com/patient-education/health-library?DOCHWID=ncicdr0000062830

  Interventions for Reduction of Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Risk […] Smoking cessation […] Based on solid evidence, smoking is associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer. The 2004 Surgeon General’s report identifies cigarette smoking as a cause of stomach cancer, with an average relative risk (RR) in former smokers of 1.2 and in current smokers of 1.6. Compared with persistent smokers, the risk of stomach cancer decreases among former smokers with time since cessation. This pattern of observations makes it reasonable to infer that cigarette smoking prevention or cessation would result in a decreased risk of gastric cancer. […] Magnitude of Effect: A systematic review and meta-analysis showed a 60% increase in gastric cancer in male smokers and a 20% increase in gastric cancer in female smokers compared with nonsmokers.

• #17 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/ncicdr0000062830

  Based on solid evidence, smoking is associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer. […] Compared with persistent smokers, the risk of stomach cancer decreases among former smokers with time since cessation. This pattern of observations makes it reasonable to infer that cigarette smoking prevention or cessation would result in a decreased risk of gastric cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. […] A meta-analysis of seven randomized studies, all conducted in areas of high-risk gastric cancer and all but one conducted in Asia, suggested that treatment of H. pylori may reduce gastric cancer risk. […] A systematic review and meta-analysis showed a 60% increase in gastric cancer in male smokers and a 20% increase in gastric cancer in female smokers compared with nonsmokers.

• #18 Stomach Cancer Prevention | Stomach Cancer Risks & Stomach Cancer Prevention Information | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/cancer-services/gastrointestinal-cancer/stomach-cancer/prevention

  Compared with persistent smokers, the risk of stomach cancer decreases among former smokers with time since cessation. This pattern of observations makes it reasonable to infer that cigarette smoking prevention or cessation would result in a decreased risk of gastric cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. […] A meta-analysis of seven randomized studies suggested that treatment of H. pylori may reduce gastric cancer risk. […] The magnitude of benefit of treating H. pylori in populations with different levels of gastric cancer risk has been unclear. […] Excessive salt intake has been identified as a possible risk factor for gastric cancer in correlation and case-control studies. […] Epidemiological evidence from case-control and cohort studies suggests that increased intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased gastric cancer rates.

• #19 Stomach Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/risk-prevention-screening

  A risk factor is anything that raises your chance of getting a disease, such as cancer. There are many risk factors for stomach (gastric) cancer. They include your lifestyle, genetic or inherited conditions, and problems that cause inflammation (swelling) in the stomachs lining. […] For some risk factors, there are steps you can take to try to prevent stomach cancer. Talk to your healthcare provider about prevention. […] Smoking: Youre more likely to get stomach cancer if you smoke tobacco or use tobacco products. […] Alcohol use: If you have 3 or more alcohol drinks a day, youre at higher risk for stomach cancer. Try to cut back or stop drinking alcohol. […] Diet: Its best to avoid having a lot of foods that are high in salt, smoked, or pickled. […] Eating whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables are all part of a healthy diet. Good nutrition can help prevent unwanted changes in the lining of your stomach.

• #20 How to prevent stomach cancer: Lifestyle, medication use, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-prevent-stomach-cancer

  Smoking increases the risk of stomach cancer and other health conditions. […] Regular alcohol use may increase a person’s risk of stomach cancer. […] Chronic H. pylori infection could increase the risk of stomach cancer. Researchers have found that treating the infection with antibiotics may help prevent changes in the stomach lining, which could help reduce the risk of stomach cancer. […] A person cannot always prevent stomach cancer, but there are ways to help reduce the risks of some modifiable factors. These include maintaining a modest weight, avoiding tobacco, reducing or avoiding alcohol use, and receiving treatment for H. pylori infection if necessary.

• #21 How to prevent stomach cancer: Lifestyle, medication use, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-prevent-stomach-cancer

  People may be able to decrease their risk of stomach cancer by reaching or maintaining a moderate weight, avoiding smoking and drinking alcohol, and treating infections that may lead to stomach cancer. […] There is no guaranteed way to prevent stomach cancer, but people can take steps to reduce some risk factors of the disease. […] Risk factors a person can modify include: being overweight or having obesity, eating a diet high in processed, charcoaled, or grilled meats and low in fruits, regularly consuming alcohol, smoking tobacco, having an untreated Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. […] Researchers have linked being overweight and having obesity with cancers that affect the upper area of the stomach. Reaching or maintaining a modest weight may help reduce the risk of stomach cancer.

• #22 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer), but there are things you can do that could lower your risk. […] Having excess body weight (overweight or obesity) increases the risk of some types of stomach cancer, so getting to and staying at a healthy weight might lower your risk. […] Getting regular physical activity might also help lower your risk of stomach cancer. […] A diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables probably also lowers stomach cancer risk. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that people follow a healthy eating pattern, which includes a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables and whole grains, and avoids or limits red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and highly processed foods. […] Alcohol use probably increases the risk of stomach cancer, so avoiding or limiting alcohol might lower your risk.

• #23 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer), but there are things you can do that could lower your risk. […] Having excess body weight (overweight or obesity) increases the risk of some types of stomach cancer, so getting to and staying at a healthy weight might lower your risk. […] Getting regular physical activity might also help lower your risk of stomach cancer. […] A diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables probably also lowers stomach cancer risk. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that people follow a healthy eating pattern, which includes a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables and whole grains, and avoids or limits red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and highly processed foods. […] Alcohol use probably increases the risk of stomach cancer, so avoiding or limiting alcohol might lower your risk.

• #24 Stomach Cancer Prevention: 6 Tips For Preventing Stomach Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/understanding-stomach-cancer-prevention

  Being fit and active can lower your risk for many different types of cancers and other health problems. […] People who are overweight may be more likely to get stomach cancer. […] It may also cut your odds of having stomach and colon cancers. But you shouldn’t take those medications to prevent stomach cancer, as they can also cause internal bleeding. […] A genetic test can tell you if you carry certain genes that make you more sensitive to stomach cancer, including the CDH1 gene and Lynch syndrome.

• #25

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/stomach-cancer/prevention.php

  As we continue to learn more about stomach cancer and its causes, the following stomach cancer prevention recommendations may help you reduce your risk: […] Not using any tobacco products […] Not drinking alcohol […] Maintaining a healthy body weight (e.g. body mass index below 25) […] Being physically active every day […] Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables (particularly citrus fruits) and low in processed meats […] Seeking treatment for an H. pylori infection.

• #26 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/stomach/hp/stomach-prevention-pdq

  Magnitude of Effect: Risk of gastric cancer and gastric cancer mortality may be reduced. […] Interventions With Inadequate Evidence as to Whether They Reduce the Risk of Stomach (Gastric) Cancer […] Diet […] Based on fair evidence, excessive salt intake, and deficient dietary consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Dietary intake of vitamin C contained in vegetables, fruits, and other foods of plant origin is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. Diets high in whole-grain cereals, carotenoids, allium compounds, and green tea are also associated with a reduced risk of this cancer. However, it is uncertain if changing one’s diet to include more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains would reduce the risk of gastric cancer.

• #27 Etiology and Prevention of Gastric Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5040890/

  The prevention strategies for gastric cancer include the intervention of gastric cancer etiology (such as H. pylori eradication and changes in lifestyle) and early detection and treatment of gastric cancer. […] Since H. pylori infection is the main cause of gastritis and precancerous conditions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), its eradication is a reasonable strategy for gastric cancer prevention. […] The Asia-Pacific Gastric Cancer Consensus has recommended screening for and treatment of H. pylori infection in regions with high incidence of gastric cancer as an effective preventive strategy for gastric cancer. […] Dietary intervention should increase fruit and vegetable intake and reduce the consumption of salt or salt-preserved foods. […] These results demonstrate that an increased intake of vegetables and fruits (Mediterranean diet) can prevent the development of gastric cancer.

• #28 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer), but there are things you can do that could lower your risk. […] Having excess body weight (overweight or obesity) increases the risk of some types of stomach cancer, so getting to and staying at a healthy weight might lower your risk. […] Getting regular physical activity might also help lower your risk of stomach cancer. […] A diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables probably also lowers stomach cancer risk. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that people follow a healthy eating pattern, which includes a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables and whole grains, and avoids or limits red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and highly processed foods. […] Alcohol use probably increases the risk of stomach cancer, so avoiding or limiting alcohol might lower your risk.

• #29 Gastric Cancer | Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

  https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342086/all/Gastric_Cancer

  Diet plays an important role in the prevention of gastric cancer, which remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Animal products are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer and other cancers. A diet that is very low in animal products (meats, processed meats, dairy, and eggs) and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may reduce that risk, in addition to its other health benefits. Certain foods have properties that reduce gastric cancer risk, such as citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), and allium vegetables (onions, leeks, and garlic). Reducing the consumption of refined grains, processed foods, and foods high in sodium (e.g., pickles) can also reduce gastric cancer risk. The whole family would do well to incorporate these dietary changes into their lifestyle. Family members living in high-risk areas should consider screening when appropriate.

• #30 Stomach Cancer: Causes, Prevention and Treatment | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/stomach-cancer-causes-prevention-and-treatment

  In the United States, cases of stomach cancer have actually fallen over the past 100 years, Dr. Shah says, largely because of technological improvements. For example, since the 1930s, when refrigeration became common in the U.S., there has been less reliance on salted meats and canned foods, which are associated with increased stomach cancer risk. […] Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk. […] Like many other types of GI cancer, he says, stomach cancer is en route to becoming a manageable disease, thanks to ongoing research into new targets and treatments.

• #31 Stomach Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15812-stomach-cancer

  You cant prevent stomach cancer, but you can reduce your risk if you: […] Treat H. pylori infection if you test positive. H. pylori infection is a significant risk factor for developing stomach cancer. […] Treat ulcers, gastritis and other stomach conditions promptly. Untreated stomach conditions, especially those caused by H. pylori bacteria, increase your risk of stomach cancer. […] Eat healthy. Eating a healthy diet thats high in fruits and vegetables and low in salts and red meats can reduce your stomach cancer risk. Foods high in vitamin C, beta-carotene and carotenoids, such as citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables and carrots, are good sources of key nutrients. […] Avoid smoking and using tobacco products. Tobacco use increases your risk of stomach cancer and many other cancers. […] Maintain a healthy weight. What counts as a healthy weight varies from person to person. Ask your provider what a healthy weight means for you.

• #32 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/ncicdr0000062830

  Excessive salt intake and deficient dietary consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Dietary intake of vitamin C contained in vegetables, fruits, and other foods of plant origin is associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. […] However, it is uncertain if changing one’s diet to include more vegetables, fruits, and whole grains would reduce the risk of gastric cancer.

• #33 Stomach Cancer Prevention | Stomach Cancer Risks & Stomach Cancer Prevention Information | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/cancer-services/gastrointestinal-cancer/stomach-cancer/prevention

  Compared with persistent smokers, the risk of stomach cancer decreases among former smokers with time since cessation. This pattern of observations makes it reasonable to infer that cigarette smoking prevention or cessation would result in a decreased risk of gastric cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. […] A meta-analysis of seven randomized studies suggested that treatment of H. pylori may reduce gastric cancer risk. […] The magnitude of benefit of treating H. pylori in populations with different levels of gastric cancer risk has been unclear. […] Excessive salt intake has been identified as a possible risk factor for gastric cancer in correlation and case-control studies. […] Epidemiological evidence from case-control and cohort studies suggests that increased intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased gastric cancer rates.

• #34 Stomach Cancer Prevention: 6 Tips For Preventing Stomach Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/understanding-stomach-cancer-prevention

  Though stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world, the number of cases has dropped over the past several decades. There’s no guarantee you can prevent it, but there’s plenty you can do to lower your chances of having it. Here’s how to give yourself every possible advantage. […] H pylori chronic infection is also a carcinogen, which means it can cause cancer. If you’ve got stomach ulcers, your doctor may need to check to see if you have an H. pylori infection and treat it. […] Make sure each meal includes lots of fresh fruits and vegetables. That can lower your chance of getting stomach cancer. […] Large amounts of salt and preservatives can hurt the lining of your stomach and make you more likely to get stomach cancer. […] Smoking puts you at risk for many kinds of cancers, including stomach cancer.

• #35 Gastric & oesophageal cancer prevention – Digestive Cancers Europe

  https://digestivecancers.eu/gastric-oesophageal-cancer-prevention/

  Because several of the risk factors listed above are related to lifestyle, there are ways to reduce risk of oesophageal and gastric cancer. […] Stop smoking. Tobacco increases the risk of oesophageal and gastric cancers and many other diseases. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Avoiding obesity can reduce the risk of oesophageal and gastric cancers. […] Reduce the amount of salty and smoked foods you eat. Protect your stomach by limiting these foods.

• #36 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer), but there are things you can do that could lower your risk. […] Having excess body weight (overweight or obesity) increases the risk of some types of stomach cancer, so getting to and staying at a healthy weight might lower your risk. […] Getting regular physical activity might also help lower your risk of stomach cancer. […] A diet that includes plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables probably also lowers stomach cancer risk. […] The American Cancer Society recommends that people follow a healthy eating pattern, which includes a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables and whole grains, and avoids or limits red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, and highly processed foods. […] Alcohol use probably increases the risk of stomach cancer, so avoiding or limiting alcohol might lower your risk.

• #37 Stomach Cancer – Prevention with a Plant-Based Diet – Plant-Based Diets in Medicine

  https://pbdmedicine.org/stomach-cancer-prevention-with-a-plant-based-diet/

  Worldwide, stomach or gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death. […] Given that standard treatment is not very efficacious, the emphasis needs to be on prevention. […] Dietary factors have an important impact on gastric carcinogenesis, especially in case of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. Healthy dietary habits, that is, high intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, a Mediterranean diet, a low-sodium diet, avoiding salt-preserved food, red and high cured meat, sensible alcohol drinking, and maintaining a proper weight are all associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. […] According to one study, vegetarians have a 63% reduced risk of stomach cancer. […] In a study of the Mediterranean diet, a high consumption of legumes, vegetables and low consumption of meat were strongly associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer.

• #38 Stomach Cancer – Prevention with a Plant-Based Diet – Plant-Based Diets in Medicine

  https://pbdmedicine.org/stomach-cancer-prevention-with-a-plant-based-diet/

  Higher intake of nutrients found primarily in plant-based foods was associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia, whereas higher intake of nutrients found primarily in foods of animal origin was associated with an increased risk. […] A whole foods plant-based diet high in fruits and vegetables, legumes and whole grains, will naturally include high levels of vitamin C, phenolic derivatives and sulforaphanes, which are shown to have bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions against H. Pylori. Avoiding processed and red meat will reduce the exposure to nitrites and lower salt intake. […] Prevention, always of prime importance, is even more so in the case of gastric cancer. A plant-based diet rich in fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of gastric cancer considerably. […] The plant-based diet has no adverse reactions and no contraindications. It can safely be used as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy.

• #39 Best practice advice for gastric cancer prevention – American Gastroenterological AssociationAGA Logo_Horizontal

  https://gastro.org/news/best-practice-advice-for-gastric-cancer-prevention/

  Gastric cancer is a leading cause of preventable cancer-related deaths in certain U.S. populations. AGA’s new clinical practice update guides primary prevention strategies, including H. pylori eradication and secondary prevention through endoscopic screening and surveillance of precancerous conditions such as gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). […] There are identifiable high-risk groups in the U.S. who should be considered for gastric cancer screening. These include first-generation immigrants from high-incidence regions and possibly other non-White racial and ethnic groups, those with a family history of gastric cancer in a first-degree relative, and individuals with certain hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis or hereditary cancer syndromes. […] Endoscopy is the best test for screening or surveillance in individuals at increased risk for gastric cancer. Endoscopy enables direct visualization to endoscopically stage the mucosa and identify areas concerning for neoplasia, as well as enables biopsies for further histologic examination and mucosal staging. Both endoscopic and histologic staging are key for risk stratification and determining whether ongoing surveillance is indicated and at what interval.

• #40 Best practice advice for gastric cancer prevention – American Gastroenterological AssociationAGA Logo_Horizontal

  https://gastro.org/news/best-practice-advice-for-gastric-cancer-prevention/

  Gastric cancer is a leading cause of preventable cancer-related deaths in certain U.S. populations. AGA’s new clinical practice update guides primary prevention strategies, including H. pylori eradication and secondary prevention through endoscopic screening and surveillance of precancerous conditions such as gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). […] There are identifiable high-risk groups in the U.S. who should be considered for gastric cancer screening. These include first-generation immigrants from high-incidence regions and possibly other non-White racial and ethnic groups, those with a family history of gastric cancer in a first-degree relative, and individuals with certain hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis or hereditary cancer syndromes. […] Endoscopy is the best test for screening or surveillance in individuals at increased risk for gastric cancer. Endoscopy enables direct visualization to endoscopically stage the mucosa and identify areas concerning for neoplasia, as well as enables biopsies for further histologic examination and mucosal staging. Both endoscopic and histologic staging are key for risk stratification and determining whether ongoing surveillance is indicated and at what interval.

• #41 Best practice advice for gastric cancer prevention – American Gastroenterological AssociationAGA Logo_Horizontal

  https://gastro.org/news/best-practice-advice-for-gastric-cancer-prevention/

  High-quality upper endoscopy for the detection of premalignant and malignant gastric lesions should include the use of a high-definition white-light endoscopy system with image enhancement, gastric mucosal cleansing, and insufflation to achieve optimal mucosal visualization, in addition to adequate visual inspection time, photodocumentation, and use of a systematic biopsy protocol for mucosal staging when appropriate.

• #42 Gastric Cancer | Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

  https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342086/all/Gastric_Cancer

  It is also recommended that patients with early gastric cancer receive treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. […] Testing for H pylori infection is widely available, and the infection can be treated with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. […] Some countries with a high incidence of gastric cancer, such as Japan, South Korea, Chile, and Venezuela, have implemented population-based screening. […] In populations with a low incidence, selective screening is recommended for high-risk individuals, for example, those with pernicious anemia or a hereditary syndrome that carries a predisposition to gastric cancer (e.g., Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, or familial adenomatous polyposis).

• #43 Gastric Cancer | Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

  https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342086/all/Gastric_Cancer

  It is also recommended that patients with early gastric cancer receive treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. […] Testing for H pylori infection is widely available, and the infection can be treated with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. […] Some countries with a high incidence of gastric cancer, such as Japan, South Korea, Chile, and Venezuela, have implemented population-based screening. […] In populations with a low incidence, selective screening is recommended for high-risk individuals, for example, those with pernicious anemia or a hereditary syndrome that carries a predisposition to gastric cancer (e.g., Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, or familial adenomatous polyposis).

• #44 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Some studies have suggested that giving antibiotics to people with H pylori infection might lower the number of pre-cancerous lesions in the stomach and reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer. […] While its not yet clear if all people with H pylori infection should be treated, some research has shown that it might be helpful to treat people with H pylori who are also at higher risk for stomach cancer for other reasons, such as having a close relative with stomach cancer. […] Using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen seems to lower the risk of stomach cancer. […] It’s very important to recognize people and families with this inherited syndrome, because most people who have it will develop stomach cancer. […] However, this operation (called a total gastrectomy) can lead to long-term changes in the way a person eats.

• #45 Can You Prevent Stomach Cancer? | SouthCoast Health

  https://www.southcoasthealth.com/posts/view/439-can-you-prevent-stomach-cancer

  Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with a reduced risk of both stomach cancer and colon cancer. […] Smoking increases the risk of stomach cancer (not to mention several others) by as much as 61%. […] An antibiotics regimen can reduce the risk of stomach cancer in those who have been infected so make a point to have any persistent or severe stomach issues checked out by a doctor.

• #46 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Some studies have suggested that giving antibiotics to people with H pylori infection might lower the number of pre-cancerous lesions in the stomach and reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer. […] While its not yet clear if all people with H pylori infection should be treated, some research has shown that it might be helpful to treat people with H pylori who are also at higher risk for stomach cancer for other reasons, such as having a close relative with stomach cancer. […] Using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen seems to lower the risk of stomach cancer. […] It’s very important to recognize people and families with this inherited syndrome, because most people who have it will develop stomach cancer. […] However, this operation (called a total gastrectomy) can lead to long-term changes in the way a person eats.

• #47 Gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer prevention: Watchful waiting | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/1/33

  Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), a common histologic finding, is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, and GIM associated with Helicobacter pylori infection is classified as an environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis. […] Environmental risk factor control such as H pylori eradication, smoking cessation, and moderation in alcohol intake may halt the progression of atrophic gastritis to GIM. […] In patients with H pylori-induced gastritis, early H pylori detection and eradication are crucial to halt progression to gastric cancer. […] Observational studies have reported partial GIM reversal and decreased progression to stomach cancer with use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib. […] The optimal follow-up of patients with isolated glands of GIM remains controversial, with significant differences in guidelines in the Eastern and Western regions of the world.

• #48 Stomach Cancer Prevention: 6 Tips For Preventing Stomach Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/understanding-stomach-cancer-prevention

  Being fit and active can lower your risk for many different types of cancers and other health problems. […] People who are overweight may be more likely to get stomach cancer. […] It may also cut your odds of having stomach and colon cancers. But you shouldn’t take those medications to prevent stomach cancer, as they can also cause internal bleeding. […] A genetic test can tell you if you carry certain genes that make you more sensitive to stomach cancer, including the CDH1 gene and Lynch syndrome.

• #49 Supplements May Offer Protection Against Stomach Cancer | Duke University School of Medicine

  https://medschool.duke.edu/news/supplements-may-offer-protection-against-stomach-cancer

  A study published in the October Cancer Causes and Control suggests that taking supplements regularly may guard against stomach cancer, particularly for Black adults. […] Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine found that those who took a supplement had a 30% lower chance of developing stomach cancer than those who did not take supplements. […] Lead researcher and cancer epidemiologist Meira Epplein, PhD, said the study offers promising evidence for using supplements as a protective measure. […] Among participants with low Healthy Eating Index scores, consistent supplement and multivitamin use slashed the risk for stomach cancer by up to 70%, according to the study. […] It’s likely because of the nutrients they contain, such as vitamins C and E, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

• #50 Supplements May Offer Protection Against Stomach Cancer | Duke University School of Medicine

  https://medschool.duke.edu/news/supplements-may-offer-protection-against-stomach-cancer

  A study published in the October Cancer Causes and Control suggests that taking supplements regularly may guard against stomach cancer, particularly for Black adults. […] Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine found that those who took a supplement had a 30% lower chance of developing stomach cancer than those who did not take supplements. […] Lead researcher and cancer epidemiologist Meira Epplein, PhD, said the study offers promising evidence for using supplements as a protective measure. […] Among participants with low Healthy Eating Index scores, consistent supplement and multivitamin use slashed the risk for stomach cancer by up to 70%, according to the study. […] It’s likely because of the nutrients they contain, such as vitamins C and E, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

• #51 Supplements May Offer Protection Against Stomach Cancer | Duke University School of Medicine

  https://medschool.duke.edu/news/supplements-may-offer-protection-against-stomach-cancer

  A study published in the October Cancer Causes and Control suggests that taking supplements regularly may guard against stomach cancer, particularly for Black adults. […] Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine found that those who took a supplement had a 30% lower chance of developing stomach cancer than those who did not take supplements. […] Lead researcher and cancer epidemiologist Meira Epplein, PhD, said the study offers promising evidence for using supplements as a protective measure. […] Among participants with low Healthy Eating Index scores, consistent supplement and multivitamin use slashed the risk for stomach cancer by up to 70%, according to the study. […] It’s likely because of the nutrients they contain, such as vitamins C and E, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

• #52 Stomach (Gastric) Cancer – Prevention

  https://ruesch.georgetown.edu/stomachcancerprevention/

  Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent stomach cancer. […] The following are risk factors for stomach cancer: Certain medical conditions, Certain genetic conditions, Diet, Environmental causes. […] The following are protective factors that may decrease the risk of stomach cancer: Stopping smoking, Treating Helicobacter pylori infection. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent stomach cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #53

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/stomach-cancer/prevention.php

  Understanding risk factors enables you to take steps towards preventing stomach cancer. Here’s what you need to consider to assess your risk. […] While researchers are still investigating exactly what causes stomach cancer, there has been progress in understanding risk factors and making some recommendations for stomach cancer prevention. […] The following stomach cancer risk factors can influence your chances of developing a type of stomach cancer called adenocarcinoma, which develops in the inner lining of the stomach. […] Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, raise a persons risk of stomach cancer. […] Anyone with these inheritable syndromes should talk to their gastroenterologist about the benefits and risks of screening with regular endoscopy.

• #54

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/stomach-cancer/prevention.php

  Understanding risk factors enables you to take steps towards preventing stomach cancer. Here’s what you need to consider to assess your risk. […] While researchers are still investigating exactly what causes stomach cancer, there has been progress in understanding risk factors and making some recommendations for stomach cancer prevention. […] The following stomach cancer risk factors can influence your chances of developing a type of stomach cancer called adenocarcinoma, which develops in the inner lining of the stomach. […] Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, raise a persons risk of stomach cancer. […] Anyone with these inheritable syndromes should talk to their gastroenterologist about the benefits and risks of screening with regular endoscopy.

• #55 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Some studies have suggested that giving antibiotics to people with H pylori infection might lower the number of pre-cancerous lesions in the stomach and reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer. […] While its not yet clear if all people with H pylori infection should be treated, some research has shown that it might be helpful to treat people with H pylori who are also at higher risk for stomach cancer for other reasons, such as having a close relative with stomach cancer. […] Using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen seems to lower the risk of stomach cancer. […] It’s very important to recognize people and families with this inherited syndrome, because most people who have it will develop stomach cancer. […] However, this operation (called a total gastrectomy) can lead to long-term changes in the way a person eats.

• #56 Preventing Stomach Cancer | Can Stomach Cancer Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Some studies have suggested that giving antibiotics to people with H pylori infection might lower the number of pre-cancerous lesions in the stomach and reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer. […] While its not yet clear if all people with H pylori infection should be treated, some research has shown that it might be helpful to treat people with H pylori who are also at higher risk for stomach cancer for other reasons, such as having a close relative with stomach cancer. […] Using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen seems to lower the risk of stomach cancer. […] It’s very important to recognize people and families with this inherited syndrome, because most people who have it will develop stomach cancer. […] However, this operation (called a total gastrectomy) can lead to long-term changes in the way a person eats.

• #57 Stomach Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/risk-prevention-screening

  Weight and exercise: Obesity may put you at higher risk for gastric cancer. Exercise regularly and keep your body at a healthy weight to lower your risk for stomach cancer. […] Surgery may lower the risk of getting stomach cancer for people who have changes in the CDH1 gene. A total gastrectomy is a surgery that may lower cancer risk: […] MSK recommends people who have these hereditary cancer mutations talk with a genetic counselor about ways to lower your risk. […] If you have a precursor lesion (LEE-zhun), youre at higher risk for getting stomach cancer. […] MSK will monitor or treat these lesions to prevent cancer. […] Infection from Helicobacter pylori bacteria is the most common cause of stomach ulcers (also called peptic ulcers or gastric ulcers). […] Inflammation from H. pylori infection can changethe cells in the stomachs lining, causing precancerous changes. These changes can raise your risk for getting stomach cancer.

• #58 Gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer prevention: Watchful waiting | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/91/1/33

  For patients found to have GIM without malignancy on initial screening, surveillance endoscopy in 1 to 3 years is recommended if they have GIM with high-risk features such as incomplete GIM, extensive GIM, family history of gastric cancer, smoking, or excessive alcohol use. […] The American Gastroenterological Association guidelines recommend against routine endoscopic surveillance after GIM is detected in the general population, but if H pylori is detected, treatment is encouraged.

• #59 Stomach Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/risk-prevention-screening

  Chronic inflammation in the stomach, including inflammation from infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, can lead to changes in your cells. These changes raise your risk for getting stomach cancer. […] Dysplasia: Cells that already changed into intestinal metaplasia are more likely to change again. If they do, its called dysplasia. These are abnormal, precancerous cells that can turn into cancer cells. These lesions should be treated or closely monitored to prevent them from turning into cancer. […] Monitoring for stomach precursor lesions: Precursor lesions do not always lead to stomach cancer. But they may raise your risk for stomach cancer. Some people with these changes are at high risk for getting stomach cancer. They may need to get regular endoscopy procedures to monitor whether these changes get worse.

• #60 Stomach Cancer Risk Factors & Prevention | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/risk-prevention-screening

  Chronic inflammation in the stomach, including inflammation from infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, can lead to changes in your cells. These changes raise your risk for getting stomach cancer. […] Dysplasia: Cells that already changed into intestinal metaplasia are more likely to change again. If they do, its called dysplasia. These are abnormal, precancerous cells that can turn into cancer cells. These lesions should be treated or closely monitored to prevent them from turning into cancer. […] Monitoring for stomach precursor lesions: Precursor lesions do not always lead to stomach cancer. But they may raise your risk for stomach cancer. Some people with these changes are at high risk for getting stomach cancer. They may need to get regular endoscopy procedures to monitor whether these changes get worse.

• #61 Global strategy for prevention of gastric cancer

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i30/6353.htm

  Global prevention of gastric cancer needs to increase its level of effectiveness. The prevention strategy should include all stages of primary and secondary prevention. The necessary steps to prevent gastric cancer are the following: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet, avoiding smoking and alcohol; serological screening of Helicobacter pylori infections and eradication; serological screening of atrophic gastritis in the population over 45 years of age and identification of severe atrophic gastritis with a high risk of developing gastric cancer; verification of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa using modern endoscopic (confocal laser endomicroscopy, narrow-spectrum imaging, and magnifying endoscopy) and morphological methods among patients with severe atrophic gastritis who were identified using serological screening; treatment of patients with atrophic gastritis during diagnosis verification; annual endoscopic and morphological monitoring of patients with atrophic gastritis during permanent treatment; annual serological monitoring of patients with atrophic gastritis who refused endoscopic and morphological monitoring; and radical treatment of patients with verified early gastric cancer.

• #62 Cancer Types TeamsGastric Cancer Prevention Team (GCP) – IARC

  https://www.iarc.who.int/teams-gcp/

  The overall aim of the Gastric Cancer Prevention Team (GCP) is to contribute towards reducing the global burden of gastric cancer by producing robust evidence to increase the understanding of its causes and the efficacy and effectiveness of population-based interventions and prevention programmes, and ultimately to implement evidence-based interventions for the prevention and control of gastric cancer and to support their practical application worldwide. […] GCP has four main themes and related activities: […] Investigating the role of H. pylori treatment and endoscopic screening for gastric cancer prevention in high-incidence areas […] Implementation research focusing on population-based H. pylori screen-and-treat strategies in high-risk populations for the prevention and reduction of inequalities caused by gastric cancer

• #63 Global strategy for prevention of gastric cancer

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i30/6353.htm

  Global prevention of gastric cancer needs to increase its level of effectiveness. The prevention strategy should include all stages of primary and secondary prevention. The necessary steps to prevent gastric cancer are the following: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet, avoiding smoking and alcohol; serological screening of Helicobacter pylori infections and eradication; serological screening of atrophic gastritis in the population over 45 years of age and identification of severe atrophic gastritis with a high risk of developing gastric cancer; verification of atrophic gastritis and precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa using modern endoscopic (confocal laser endomicroscopy, narrow-spectrum imaging, and magnifying endoscopy) and morphological methods among patients with severe atrophic gastritis who were identified using serological screening; treatment of patients with atrophic gastritis during diagnosis verification; annual endoscopic and morphological monitoring of patients with atrophic gastritis during permanent treatment; annual serological monitoring of patients with atrophic gastritis who refused endoscopic and morphological monitoring; and radical treatment of patients with verified early gastric cancer.

• #64 Recommendations for gastric cancer prevention and control in the Americas

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10568298/

  Support development and dissemination of standards for quality care aimed at GC prevention. […] Enable training of health care workforce specialized in GC. […] Conduct research and advocacy aimed at getting GC prevention strategies adopted and paid for by health systems. […] Establish H. pylori treatment registries. […] Establish a surveillance system of H. pylori antibiotic resistance. […] Assure optimal H. pylori testing and treatment protocols. […] Ensure endoscopic surveillance of patients with high-risk gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM). […] Establish key interventions directed to GC families. […] Conduct endoscopic campaigns in high-risk populations with limited access to health care (e.g., rural residents), focusing on individuals with major risk factors. […] Strengthen smoking regulations. […] Strengthen strategies to reduce salt (sodium) intake. […] Establish community education programs.

• #65 Forthcoming Step in Gastric Cancer Prevention: How Can Risk Stratification Be Combined with Endoscopic Screening for Gastric Cancer?

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?pn=related&uid=1936&vmd=Full

  The screen-and-treat strategy consists of Helicobacter pylori screening and eradication for individuals with H. pylori infection. […] The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recommended exploring screen-and-treat strategy in countries with high gastric cancer incidence based on expert opinion. […] The efficacy of H. pylori eradication has been initially evaluated, and the efficacy of the screen-and-treat strategy is being continuously evaluated in some countries. […] The basic concept of risk stratification was considered based on the natural history of gastric cancer. […] Although targeting high-risk groups is an attractive method, an application has not been established. […] Risk stratification will be helpful in decreasing individual lifetime frequencies and harms of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer.

• #66 Forthcoming Step in Gastric Cancer Prevention: How Can Risk Stratification Be Combined with Endoscopic Screening for Gastric Cancer?

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?pn=related&uid=1936&vmd=Full

  The screen-and-treat strategy consists of Helicobacter pylori screening and eradication for individuals with H. pylori infection. […] The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recommended exploring screen-and-treat strategy in countries with high gastric cancer incidence based on expert opinion. […] The efficacy of H. pylori eradication has been initially evaluated, and the efficacy of the screen-and-treat strategy is being continuously evaluated in some countries. […] The basic concept of risk stratification was considered based on the natural history of gastric cancer. […] Although targeting high-risk groups is an attractive method, an application has not been established. […] Risk stratification will be helpful in decreasing individual lifetime frequencies and harms of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer.

• #67 Forthcoming Step in Gastric Cancer Prevention: How Can Risk Stratification Be Combined with Endoscopic Screening for Gastric Cancer?

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?pn=related&uid=1936&vmd=Full

  Although further study is needed to obtain sufficient evidence for gastric cancer prevention, the best available method should be examined in the context of each country. […] Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer has been provided as national programs in South Korea and Japan. […] Based on the success of South Korea and Japan in reducing gastric cancer mortality, attention to the use of endoscopic screening has increased in other countries. […] The effectiveness of endoscopic screening has been mainly evaluated in cohort and case-control studies published in South Korea, China, and Japan. […] A recent systematic review and meta-analysis has included the above-mentioned six cohort studies and four case-control studies published in East Asian countries. […] The meta-analysis included 342,013 subjects and showed that endoscopic screening was associated with a reduction in mortality from gastric cancer by 40%.

• #68 Forthcoming Step in Gastric Cancer Prevention: How Can Risk Stratification Be Combined with Endoscopic Screening for Gastric Cancer?

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?pn=related&uid=1936&vmd=Full

  Although further study is needed to obtain sufficient evidence for gastric cancer prevention, the best available method should be examined in the context of each country. […] Endoscopic screening for gastric cancer has been provided as national programs in South Korea and Japan. […] Based on the success of South Korea and Japan in reducing gastric cancer mortality, attention to the use of endoscopic screening has increased in other countries. […] The effectiveness of endoscopic screening has been mainly evaluated in cohort and case-control studies published in South Korea, China, and Japan. […] A recent systematic review and meta-analysis has included the above-mentioned six cohort studies and four case-control studies published in East Asian countries. […] The meta-analysis included 342,013 subjects and showed that endoscopic screening was associated with a reduction in mortality from gastric cancer by 40%.

• #69 Stomach cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stomach-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352438

  To lower the risk of stomach cancer, you can: […] Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. Try to include fruits and vegetables in your diet each day. Choose a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables. […] Reduce the amount of salty and smoked foods you eat. Protect your stomach by limiting these foods. […] Stop smoking. If you smoke, quit. If you don’t smoke, don’t start. Smoking increases your risk of stomach cancer and many other types of cancer. Quitting smoking can be very hard, so ask your health care provider for help. […] Tell your health care provider if stomach cancer runs in your family. People with a strong family history of stomach cancer might have stomach cancer screening. Screening tests can detect stomach cancer before it causes symptoms.

• #70 Etiology and Prevention of Gastric Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5040890/

  Since smoking has been demonstrated to be an important environmental factor for gastric cancer risk, smoking cessation would be a critical preventive strategy for gastric cancer development. Other lifestyle modifications such as decreased alcohol intake, increased fruit and vegetable intake, reduced salt intake, increased physical activity and a Mediterranean diet may help reduce the risk of getting gastric cancer. […] While a critical strategy for gastric cancer prevention is to target prevention of risk factors, early diagnosis and treatment of precancerous diseases is also an important approach for gastric cancer prevention. […] Endoscopy is the best approach for detecting either precancerous lesions or gastric cancer and is widely used for gastric cancer screening in China, Japan, Korea and Venezuela.

• #71 How to Prevent Gastric Cancer: 9 Essential Tips | Kauvery Hospital

  https://www.kauveryhospitalsbangalore.com/blog/gastrointestinal-cancers-and-tips-to-avoid-them

  Preventing gastrointestinal cancers involves a combination of healthy lifestyle choices, regular screenings, and an awareness of your genetic predispositions. You can lower your risk and encourage better digestive health by adhering to these nine recommendations: eating a balanced diet, quitting smoking and binge drinking, getting regular exercise, controlling your weight, managing your weight, getting vaccinated, going through yearly screenings, thinking about alternative medications, and being aware of your family history. Stay informed, stay healthy, and take proactive steps towards gastric cancer prevention.

• #72

  https://healthmatch.io/stomach-cancer/how-to-prevent-stomach-cancer

  Research shows that aspirin or ibuprofen may decrease the chances of developing stomach cancer and other diseases. […] Several genetic and lifestyle risk factors may increase your chances of getting stomach cancer. Fortunately, there are ways you can take charge of your health. A well-balanced diet, physical exercise, avoiding alcohol and tobacco products, and getting regular cancer screenings can help prevent the disease from forming, even if you are considered high-risk. […] If you are at risk of developing stomach cancer, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible. They may recommend that you undergo a formal screening for the disease if you are considered high-risk for prevention purposes and to detect early signs of stomach cancer.

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