Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Plagiocephaly is an umbrella term used to describe different types of skull deformations, including flat head syndrome, or positional plagiocephaly. […] Positional plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is a condition in which your infants head develops a flat spot or is misshapen. […] What causes flat head syndrome? Babies skulls are soft and somewhat moldable. And infants sleep on their backs for many hours every day. While sleeping, they may consistently turn their head to one side. […] If your baby sleeps with a turned head too often, the same section of their head may rest on a surface frequently. Regular pressure can flatten that section of your babys soft head. […] Some babies with plagiocephaly also have a condition called congenital muscular torticollis. It occurs when tightening in your infants neck muscles causes their head to twist and rotate to one side.

• #2 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly – misshapen head

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Plagiocephaly_and_brachycephaly_-_misshapen_head/

  Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly are common conditions where a babys head is misshapen. […] Some babies are born with a misshapen head; others develop a misshapen head after birth. […] Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly may change a babys physical appearance, but they do not affect brain growth. […] Plagiocephaly is a condition where a babys head is flat on one side. It causes the head to appear misshapen or uneven. Plagiocephaly is common and does not affect brain growth. If left untreated, it may change a babys physical appearance by causing their face and head to grow unevenly. […] Brachycephaly is where the back of a babys head is flat. Like plagiocephaly, brachycephaly does not affect brain growth. However, it may change a babys physical appearance. In some cases, the forehead may also bulge out and the face may widen.

• #3 Ottobock | About Plagiocephaly (“Flat Head Syndrome”)

  https://www.ottobock.com/en-us/plagiocephaly

  Plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is when a baby develops a flat area on the front, back, or side of their head. This condition is common in infants, and can be readily treated in several different ways. […] There are several different types of this condition, all of which can occur for several different reasons and all of which can be safely and gently corrected with the right care team and treatment. […] Babies are born with soft, pliable areas in their skull that slowly fuse together during the first few years of growth. During that time, an infants skull can be gradually misshaped when a baby stays in the same position for long periods of time. […] That’s why you will often read about positional plagiocephaly: it usually occurs when a baby spends long periods in certain positions before or after birth. Over time, pressure on a babys soft, flexible skull can gradually push it out of its natural shape.

• #4 Flat head syndrome (positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly)

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/healthaz/plastics/flat-head-syndrome-positional-plagiocephaly-and-brachycephaly/?hub=yourbaby&hubSite=https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/

  Flat head syndrome describes an atypical head shape that develops during a babys first year of life. The medical terms positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly describe the location of the flatness. […] It can occur when an infant spends prolonged periods of time on their back with their head in one position or prefers to turn their head in one direction. […] During the first year of life, a babys skull is relatively soft and grows rapidly, reaching 85% of its adult size. This makes a baby’s head malleable, especially during the first few months of life, and prolonged pressure on one part of the skull can lead to flattening. If your baby spends prolonged periods of time on their back with their head in one position, part of their head may become flat. […] In some cases, head flatness can be caused by the plates of the skull joining together too early. This is not flat head syndrome and is a relatively rare condition known as craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis can affect brain development and requires assessment by a plastic surgeon.

• #5 Flat Head Syndrome | Complete Physio

  https://complete-physio.co.uk/services/flat-head-syndrome/

  Given the malleability of an infants skull in the early months of life, external forces can shape it quite easily. […] There are 2 main types of Flat Head Syndrome: Plagiocephaly presents as a flattened appearance on one side of the babys head, causing it to look asymmetrical; the ears may be misaligned and sometimes the forehead and face may bulge. Brachycephaly the back of the head becomes flattened, causing the head to widen, and can also sometimes cause the forehead to bulge out. […] This flattening can occur when infants spend a considerable amount of time in the same, static position, leading to pressure being applied to one part of the soft, pliable skull. While more commonly developing from repeated resting in the same position, it can also be caused by the moulding forces which are applied on the developing skull inside the utero or during birth while navigating the birth canal.

• #6 Plagiocephaly – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiocephaly

  Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull. A mild and widespread form is characterized by a flat spot on the back or one side of the head caused by remaining in a supine position for prolonged periods. […] Slight plagiocephaly is routinely diagnosed at birth and may be the result of a restrictive intrauterine environment giving a „diamond” shaped head when seen from above. If there is premature union of skull bones, this is more properly called craniosynostosis. […] The incidence of plagiocephaly has increased dramatically since the advent of anti-sudden infant death syndrome recommendations for parents to keep their babies on their backs. […] Data also suggest that the rates of plagiocephaly are higher for twins and multiple births, premature babies, babies who were positioned in the breech position or back-to-back, as well as for babies born after a prolonged labour.

• #7 Flat Head Syndrome- Not just a cosmetic issue

  https://acornhealth.org.uk/flat-head-syndrome-not-just-a-cosmetic-issue/

  Flat head syndrome is a name commonly used to refer to brachycephaly and plagiocephaly- both conditions can also be referred to as “positional skull deformity”. Plagiocephaly is where one side of the back of the head becomes flattened, which may result in the front of the head protruding on the opposite side, and the ears positioned asymmetrically. Brachycephaly is symmetric flattening of the back of the head, which can cause the ears to appear prominent and the head appear wide. […] There has been a significant increase in the number of babies presenting with flat head syndrome possibly due to the introduction of the “Back to Sleep” (now known as “Safe to Sleep”) positioning recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Since the early 1990’s parents have been advised to let babies sleep on their backs, and whilst this has been successful in reducing the number of cot deaths, it has lead to an increase in the number of babies with deformational plagiocephaly and brachycephaly.

• #8 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Plagiocephaly is an umbrella term used to describe different types of skull deformations, including flat head syndrome, or positional plagiocephaly. […] Positional plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is a condition in which your infants head develops a flat spot or is misshapen. […] What causes flat head syndrome? Babies skulls are soft and somewhat moldable. And infants sleep on their backs for many hours every day. While sleeping, they may consistently turn their head to one side. […] If your baby sleeps with a turned head too often, the same section of their head may rest on a surface frequently. Regular pressure can flatten that section of your babys soft head. […] Some babies with plagiocephaly also have a condition called congenital muscular torticollis. It occurs when tightening in your infants neck muscles causes their head to twist and rotate to one side.

• #9 Flat Head Syndrome In Babies: What Is It & Causes – BabyYumYum

  https://babyyumyum.com/what-is-flat-head-syndrome-in-babies-what-causes-it/

  In 1992, the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) began a campaign called Back to Sleep. The campaign was aimed at reducing the number of Sudden Infant Deaths (SIDS). […] Since the start of this campaign there has been a significant decrease in the number of deaths due to SIDS but another problem has raised its head. Apologies for the pun but infant plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (DPB) and congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) has been on an upward spiral since the Back to Sleep campaign began. […] There are a number of causes of Flat Head Syndrome in babies, and we’ve already mentioned two of them: […] Studies have shown that 20 to 25% of babies who sleep on their backs develop brachycephaly to some degree or another. […] A mother may have a small womb and this could put pressure on the head before baby is born. […] A baby that is in the birth canal for an extended period of time may well experience a lot more pressure on the head and this may lead to flattening in the area of most pressure.

• #10 Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html

  Flat head syndrome is often caused by tight neck muscles that make it hard for babies to turn their heads. This neck condition is called torticollis. Because it’s hard to turn their head, babies tend to keep their heads in the same position when lying down. This can cause flattening. Then, once the head has a flat spot, the torticollis can get worse. […] It takes a lot of energy for babies to turn their heads. So those with severe flattening on one side tend to stay on that side, and their necks become stiff from lack of use.

• #11

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/plagiocephalyandbrachycephaly(flatheadsyndrome)/

  Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they’re a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back. […] What causes plagiocephaly and brachycephaly? […] A young baby’s skull is still relatively soft and can change shape if there’s constant pressure on a particular part of their head. […] Reasons why this may happen include: sleeping on their back the back or side of a baby’s head can become flattened as a result of always sleeping on their back, but it’s important they do this to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) […] problems in the womb pressure can be placed on a baby’s head before it’s born if they’re a bit squashed in the womb or there’s a lack of amniotic fluid to cushion them […] being born prematurely premature babies are more likely to develop a flattened head because their skull is softer when they’re born and they may prefer to rest their head on 1 side at first because they’re not yet able to move their head themselves […] neck muscle tightness this can prevent a baby turning their head a particular way, meaning 1 side of their head is placed under more pressure. […] Occasionally, a flattened head can be caused by the plates of the skull joining together too early. This is known as craniosynostosis.

• #12 Deformational Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/cleft-and-craniofacial-center/deformational-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Multiple-birth pregnancies may cause a fetus to remain in one position in the womb for a prolonged period, causing flattening of the skull before the baby is born. […] Premature infants are at greater risk as they may need medical care in the neonatal intensive care unit that requires them to remain on their backs for longer periods of time. […] As many as 70 to 95 percent of children who have skull flattening will also have congenital muscular torticollis. […] Fortunately, plagiocephaly and brachycephaly are very treatable. […] Unlike craniosynostosis, head flattening in most cases doesn’t require corrective surgery.

• #13 Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/plagiocephalyflat-head-syndrome-causessymptomstreatment-and-prevention/

  Carriers, bouncy seats, car seats and swings all require the baby’s head to be pressed up against something surface, which puts the baby at risk of developing Flat Head Syndrome. […] In this condition, one of the neck muscles is either tighter or shorter, which encourages the baby to keep his or her neck in one position. Plagiocephaly and torticollis in infants go hand in hand; about 85% of babies with plagiocephaly have been observed to have torticollis as well. […] So far, most doctors say that there is no connection between Plagiocephaly and brain damage. It does affect how the skull is shaped, and if it is accompanied by torticollis then there may be some impairment in the movement, but these can be fixed through therapy.

• #14 Positional Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | Pediatric Neurosurgery | University Hospitals Rainbow & Children’s | University Hospitals | Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/rainbow/services/pediatric-neurosurgery/conditions-and-treatments/positional-plagiocephaly

  Because their skulls are softer than those of full-term babies, premature babies are more likely to develop positional plagiocephaly than full-term newborns. Preemies may spend more time on their backs without being moved or picked up as a result of their medical needs and their time spent in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). […] Positional plagiocephaly can begin before birth if the presence of a twin or the mothers own pelvis creates abnormal pressure on the babys skull. Its not uncommon for children from multiple births to be born with flat spots on their heads. […] Another cause of flat head syndrome is a neck condition called torticollis. Also known as wryneck or twisted neck, torticollis is a twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle. Because babies with this condition have difficulty turning their heads, they tend to keep their heads in the same position when lying down. As such, torticollis sometimes leads to a flattening of the skull. Once a flat spot develops, the torticollis itself can worsen.

• #15 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly – misshapen head

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Plagiocephaly_and_brachycephaly_-_misshapen_head/

  There are many reasons why a baby may develop plagiocephaly or brachycephaly. Some babies are born with a misshapen head because of their position in the womb during pregnancy, while others develop a misshapen head after birth. […] A babys head may change shape during labour due to pressure; this could be caused by the size of the birth canal, or instruments used during delivery. This is called moulding, and it often resolves quickly. […] A newborns skull bones are very soft, so the head can easily change shape. If a baby prefers one side or lies with their head in the same position for a long time, the position of the ears, forehead and face may change. […] Babies could also develop a misshapen head if they look in one direction more than the other, feed on one side more than the other, are carried on one side more than the other, have tight or stiff neck muscles (torticollis) and struggle to turn their head, or cannot move due to health or medical conditions.

• #16 Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html

  Flat head syndrome usually happens when a baby sleeps with the head turned to the same side during first months of life. This causes a flat spot, either on one side or the back of the head. […] The most common cause of a flattened head is a baby’s sleep position. Infants are on their backs for many hours every day, so the head sometimes flattens in one spot. This happens not only while they sleep, but also from being in infant car seats, carriers, strollers, swings, and bouncy seats. […] Premature babies are more likely to have a flattened head. Their skulls are softer than those of full-term babies. They also spend a lot of time on their backs without being moved or picked up because of their medical needs, such as a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). […] Flat head syndrome can even start before birth if there’s pressure on the baby’s skull from the mother’s pelvis or a twin. In fact, many babies from multiple births are born with heads that have some flat spots.

• #17 Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/plagiocephalyflat-head-syndrome-causessymptomstreatment-and-prevention/

  It is normal for babies to have soft skulls, but premature babies have even softer skulls as they are more underdeveloped than the average child. Another reason why premature babies are more prone to developing this condition is all the extra time that they have to spend in the NICU. […] There can be limited space in the womb when there is more than one baby in there at a time, and so twins and triplets have been observed to have this. […] Some babies simply become stuck in one position and develop an abnormal skull shape, while there are others who have mothers with small uteri where there is not much room to move. […] In order to prevent Sudden Death Syndrome in babies, it is recommended that babies sleep on their backs, but the relationship between back sleeping and Flat Head Syndrome is quite well known.

• #18 What is flat head syndrome (plagiocephaly or brachycephaly)? | NCT

  https://www.nct.org.uk/information/baby-toddler/baby-and-toddler-health/what-flat-head-syndrome-plagiocephaly-or-brachycephaly

  Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly describe the two main types of this condition (NHS, 2018). […] Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly develop when constant pressure is placed on one side of the babys skull (GOSH, 2017). […] Tight neck muscles can stop a baby turning their head in a particular way, putting one side of their head under more pressure (NHS, 2018). […] Sometimes in the womb, there may not be enough amniotic fluid to cushion the baby, or with twins, babies can become a bit squashed in there (NHS, 2018). […] Premature babies are more likely to develop a flattened head because their skulls are softer than those of full-term babies.

• #19 Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/doernbecher/plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Certain health conditions: Some infants may stay in one position if their physical development is delayed or if tight neck muscles limit their range of motion. […] Premature birth: A baby born early has a softer skull that is more likely to have an unusual shape. Premature babies also move their heads less often, or they may be in a respirator where they have limited movement. […] Tight space during pregnancy or delivery: A pregnant parent with a small pelvis is more likely to have a baby with plagiocephaly. The condition is also more common for: Infants with large heads, Twins or multiple births, Firstborn children, Infants born in a breech position.

• #20 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly – misshapen head

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Plagiocephaly_and_brachycephaly_-_misshapen_head/

  There are many reasons why a baby may develop plagiocephaly or brachycephaly. Some babies are born with a misshapen head because of their position in the womb during pregnancy, while others develop a misshapen head after birth. […] A babys head may change shape during labour due to pressure; this could be caused by the size of the birth canal, or instruments used during delivery. This is called moulding, and it often resolves quickly. […] A newborns skull bones are very soft, so the head can easily change shape. If a baby prefers one side or lies with their head in the same position for a long time, the position of the ears, forehead and face may change. […] Babies could also develop a misshapen head if they look in one direction more than the other, feed on one side more than the other, are carried on one side more than the other, have tight or stiff neck muscles (torticollis) and struggle to turn their head, or cannot move due to health or medical conditions.

• #21 Plagiocephaly – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiocephaly

  Plagiocephaly, also known as flat head syndrome, is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull. A mild and widespread form is characterized by a flat spot on the back or one side of the head caused by remaining in a supine position for prolonged periods. […] Slight plagiocephaly is routinely diagnosed at birth and may be the result of a restrictive intrauterine environment giving a „diamond” shaped head when seen from above. If there is premature union of skull bones, this is more properly called craniosynostosis. […] The incidence of plagiocephaly has increased dramatically since the advent of anti-sudden infant death syndrome recommendations for parents to keep their babies on their backs. […] Data also suggest that the rates of plagiocephaly are higher for twins and multiple births, premature babies, babies who were positioned in the breech position or back-to-back, as well as for babies born after a prolonged labour.

• #22 Flat Head Baby Syndrome: Treating & Preventing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/health/plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome/

  Plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is when a baby’s head is flat on one side. It’s linked to a baby sleeping exclusively on his back as well as spending a lot of time lying in a rocker, car seat or swing. […] Babies’ heads are very malleable, so anything that puts pressure on the skull can cause flat head syndrome. […] If your baby is born with a flat or misshapen skull, it’s known as molding. This common condition usually resolves on its own within a few days, although your doctor will note it on your baby’s medical record for follow-up. A few common reasons for a misshapen head at birth include: Pressure from prolonged pressure in the uterus (like twins whose heads are positioned pressed together, or babies who are large for their gestational age), Pressure put on the skull during the trip through the birth canal, Assisted-delivery devices such as vacuums or forceps, which can mold the skull, Torticollis, a fairly common condition characterized by stiff, tight neck muscles in your baby. […] Other causes of a flat head that occur after birth include: Putting baby to sleep face-up on a firm mattress, which puts pressure on the back of the head, Laying baby flat in a car seat or swing for long periods of time.

• #23 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Other factors that increase your babys risk for plagiocephaly include: Pregnancy with multiples. Assisted delivery with forceps or vacuum extractor. First-born child. Male. Low level of activity. Lack of tummy time. […] A babys skull is only soft and moldable for a certain period of time. Repositioning techniques are most effective before 4 months of age. […] If the plagiocephaly is bad, your healthcare provider may prescribe a plagiocephaly helmet for your baby. An orthotist (a healthcare provider who makes and fits medical devices) will measure the helmet for your babys head. Helmets fit loosely where the head is flat and tightly where its round. They encourage the flat area of the head to grow. […] Flat head syndrome doesnt cause any brain damage or affect your babys health. However, it may change your babys appearance. […] Positional plagiocephaly isnt the parents’ or caregivers fault. In fact, the condition often occurs because of something you were doing right placing your baby to sleep on their back.

• #24 Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/doernbecher/plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Certain health conditions: Some infants may stay in one position if their physical development is delayed or if tight neck muscles limit their range of motion. […] Premature birth: A baby born early has a softer skull that is more likely to have an unusual shape. Premature babies also move their heads less often, or they may be in a respirator where they have limited movement. […] Tight space during pregnancy or delivery: A pregnant parent with a small pelvis is more likely to have a baby with plagiocephaly. The condition is also more common for: Infants with large heads, Twins or multiple births, Firstborn children, Infants born in a breech position.

• #25

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/plagiocephalyandbrachycephaly(flatheadsyndrome)/

  Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they’re a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back. […] What causes plagiocephaly and brachycephaly? […] A young baby’s skull is still relatively soft and can change shape if there’s constant pressure on a particular part of their head. […] Reasons why this may happen include: sleeping on their back the back or side of a baby’s head can become flattened as a result of always sleeping on their back, but it’s important they do this to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) […] problems in the womb pressure can be placed on a baby’s head before it’s born if they’re a bit squashed in the womb or there’s a lack of amniotic fluid to cushion them […] being born prematurely premature babies are more likely to develop a flattened head because their skull is softer when they’re born and they may prefer to rest their head on 1 side at first because they’re not yet able to move their head themselves […] neck muscle tightness this can prevent a baby turning their head a particular way, meaning 1 side of their head is placed under more pressure. […] Occasionally, a flattened head can be caused by the plates of the skull joining together too early. This is known as craniosynostosis.

• #26 Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html

  Flat head syndrome usually happens when a baby sleeps with the head turned to the same side during first months of life. This causes a flat spot, either on one side or the back of the head. […] The most common cause of a flattened head is a baby’s sleep position. Infants are on their backs for many hours every day, so the head sometimes flattens in one spot. This happens not only while they sleep, but also from being in infant car seats, carriers, strollers, swings, and bouncy seats. […] Premature babies are more likely to have a flattened head. Their skulls are softer than those of full-term babies. They also spend a lot of time on their backs without being moved or picked up because of their medical needs, such as a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). […] Flat head syndrome can even start before birth if there’s pressure on the baby’s skull from the mother’s pelvis or a twin. In fact, many babies from multiple births are born with heads that have some flat spots.

• #27 Flat Head Syndrome (Deformational Plagiocephaly) – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=flat-head-syndrome-deformational-plagiocephaly-90-P01834

  Flat head syndrome (deformational plagiocephaly) is when a babys head develops a lasting flat spot. The flat spot may be either on one side of the head or on the back of the head. This happens when a baby sleeps in the same position most of the time or because of problems with the neck muscles. […] The skull flattens when a babys head stays in one position for long periods of time. Sometimes a baby is born with this flattening because of a tight space in the uterus. This may happen if you are having twins or other multiples. Other factors that may increase the risk for flat head syndrome include: […] Muscular torticollis. This is a problem that is present at birth (congenital). One or more of the neck muscles is extremely tight. So the babys head stays in the same position. […] Early birth (prematurity). The skull bones of premature babies are softer. And many premature babies spend a lot of time in the hospital on respirators with their heads in the same position.

• #28 Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/doernbecher/plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Certain health conditions: Some infants may stay in one position if their physical development is delayed or if tight neck muscles limit their range of motion. […] Premature birth: A baby born early has a softer skull that is more likely to have an unusual shape. Premature babies also move their heads less often, or they may be in a respirator where they have limited movement. […] Tight space during pregnancy or delivery: A pregnant parent with a small pelvis is more likely to have a baby with plagiocephaly. The condition is also more common for: Infants with large heads, Twins or multiple births, Firstborn children, Infants born in a breech position.

• #29 Plagiocephaly | Flat Head Syndrome | ROKband Clinics

  https://www.rokbandclinics.ca/plagiocephaly

  Plagiocephaly is commonly known as infant flat head syndrome. It is characterized by an asymmetrical head (often resembling a parallelogram) caused by prolonged external pressure on your infants head. […] What causes Plagiocephaly? Torticollis is a muscular problem where your baby consistently tilts their neck at an unusual angle due to tightening in the neck muscles. […] Infants who struggle with tummy time or have bad reflux often take longer to develop the muscle strength tummy time provides. This leads to them spending more time lying on their back, putting them at greater risk of developing plagiocephaly. […] Premature babies have softer bones when theyre born. They are also often required to wear a respirator for weeks or months, which forces their head to stay in the position for long periods of time. This puts them at a greater chance of developing an asymmetrical head shape.

• #30 Ottobock | About Plagiocephaly (“Flat Head Syndrome”)

  https://www.ottobock.com/en-us/plagiocephaly

  This is different from craniosyntosis, or congenital plagiocephaly, which occurs when a babys skull fuses too early in an abnormal shape. With positional plagiocephaly, a babys skull can often grow back into the right shape over time with the right care. […] Twins and triplets grow in confined conditions that can increase their risk of plagiocephaly. Some birth complications can also be a risk factor. Premature babies also typically have very soft skulls that are prone to developing this condition. […] Babies that sleep facing up can be at higher risk of plagiocephaly. […] Some babies may spend long periods in a car seat, lounger, swing, or stroller. Resting their head against these devices for long periods of time can gradually result in a baby developing flat head syndrome. […] Muscular torticollis and kinematic imbalance due to subocciptal strain (KISS) can both cause an infants neck muscles to tighten and clench. This tightness can sometimes keep a babys head stuck in one position.

• #31

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/Cleft-Craniofacial/Pages/Positional-Skull-Deformities-and-Torticollis.aspx

  When a baby spends a lot of time in one position, it can cause the shape of their head to change. This is called a positional skull deformity. […] For about 20% of babies, a positional skull deformity occurs when they are in the womb or in the birth canal. More often, it happens in the first 4 to 12 weeks of life. This is when babies are not able to sit up or move on their own. By 6 months of age, many babies become more mobile and can turn their heads on their own more regularly. […] There are many things that can cause a positional skull deformity, such as: […] Preferred head position. Some babies like sitting or sleeping with their heads turned a certain way. […] Not enough tummy time. Tummy time is for babies who are awake and being watched. It helps babies master basic milestones like head lifting, turning over, sitting up, and crawling.

• #32 Positional Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | Pediatric Neurosurgery | University Hospitals Rainbow & Children’s | University Hospitals | Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/rainbow/services/pediatric-neurosurgery/conditions-and-treatments/positional-plagiocephaly

  What is positional plagiocephaly? Also known as flat head syndrome, positional plagiocephaly is a condition in which an area of an infant’s head develops an abnormally flattened shape. The condition usually occurs when an infant always sleeps with its head turned to the same side during the first few months of life. […] A babys sleep position is the most common cause of a flattening of the head. Because the safest sleep position for infants is on their backs, and because infants often lie on their backs for a large portion of the day, their heads can flatten in one area. This happens not only during sleep but also when sitting in carriers, infant car seats, strollers, bouncy seats and swings. When a flattening occurs at the back of the head, the condition is referred to as brachycephaly.

• #33 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Other factors that increase your babys risk for plagiocephaly include: Pregnancy with multiples. Assisted delivery with forceps or vacuum extractor. First-born child. Male. Low level of activity. Lack of tummy time. […] A babys skull is only soft and moldable for a certain period of time. Repositioning techniques are most effective before 4 months of age. […] If the plagiocephaly is bad, your healthcare provider may prescribe a plagiocephaly helmet for your baby. An orthotist (a healthcare provider who makes and fits medical devices) will measure the helmet for your babys head. Helmets fit loosely where the head is flat and tightly where its round. They encourage the flat area of the head to grow. […] Flat head syndrome doesnt cause any brain damage or affect your babys health. However, it may change your babys appearance. […] Positional plagiocephaly isnt the parents’ or caregivers fault. In fact, the condition often occurs because of something you were doing right placing your baby to sleep on their back.

• #34 Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html

  Flat head syndrome usually happens when a baby sleeps with the head turned to the same side during first months of life. This causes a flat spot, either on one side or the back of the head. […] The most common cause of a flattened head is a baby’s sleep position. Infants are on their backs for many hours every day, so the head sometimes flattens in one spot. This happens not only while they sleep, but also from being in infant car seats, carriers, strollers, swings, and bouncy seats. […] Premature babies are more likely to have a flattened head. Their skulls are softer than those of full-term babies. They also spend a lot of time on their backs without being moved or picked up because of their medical needs, such as a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). […] Flat head syndrome can even start before birth if there’s pressure on the baby’s skull from the mother’s pelvis or a twin. In fact, many babies from multiple births are born with heads that have some flat spots.

• #35

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/plagiocephalyandbrachycephaly(flatheadsyndrome)/

  Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they’re a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back. […] What causes plagiocephaly and brachycephaly? […] A young baby’s skull is still relatively soft and can change shape if there’s constant pressure on a particular part of their head. […] Reasons why this may happen include: sleeping on their back the back or side of a baby’s head can become flattened as a result of always sleeping on their back, but it’s important they do this to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) […] problems in the womb pressure can be placed on a baby’s head before it’s born if they’re a bit squashed in the womb or there’s a lack of amniotic fluid to cushion them […] being born prematurely premature babies are more likely to develop a flattened head because their skull is softer when they’re born and they may prefer to rest their head on 1 side at first because they’re not yet able to move their head themselves […] neck muscle tightness this can prevent a baby turning their head a particular way, meaning 1 side of their head is placed under more pressure. […] Occasionally, a flattened head can be caused by the plates of the skull joining together too early. This is known as craniosynostosis.

• #36 Craniosynostosis | Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment | CHOC

  https://choc.org/neuroscience/craniosynostosis/

  Most of the time, the head deformity is simply positional plagiocephaly, a benign condition that does not require surgical intervention. However, some deformities are caused by craniosynostosis. Similar to craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly can cause flat spots and bulging areas on the head and forehead, but it is not craniosynostosis because no fusion of the cranial sutures has happened. It is important to get your child properly diagnosed to avoid getting these two conditions confused. […] Positional plagiocephaly can often be treated by repositioning your baby’s head when they’re laying down. For some babies, physical therapy may be prescribed to help their neck muscles. […] If this does not reverse your baby’s plagiocephaly, a custom helmet may be recommended. Helmet therapy is most effective before 6 months of age, so the earlier treatment can start, the more effective it can be.

• #37 Understanding flat head syndrome (Plagiocephaly) in babies | Braceworks Custom Orthotics

  https://braceworks.ca/2020/04/30/rehab-team/understanding-flat-head-syndrome-plagiocephaly-in-babies/

  Babies born prematurely have softer bones than those born at term. They are also more likely to have lengthy hospital stays where they spend much of their time lying on their backs. […] These instruments put pressure on the skull and its malleable bones, which could lead to plagiocephaly. […] This is a condition in which an infant’s neck muscles are stiff or imbalanced. […] Congenital plagiocephaly is thought to occur by chance during fetal development. It can also run in families and is sometimes a part of inherited disorders. […] According to a review published in the Indian Journal of Human Genetics, more than 180 syndromes, including Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome, can be associated with congenital plagiocephaly.

• #38 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly – misshapen head

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Plagiocephaly_and_brachycephaly_-_misshapen_head/

  Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly are common conditions where a babys head is misshapen. […] Some babies are born with a misshapen head; others develop a misshapen head after birth. […] Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly may change a babys physical appearance, but they do not affect brain growth. […] Plagiocephaly is a condition where a babys head is flat on one side. It causes the head to appear misshapen or uneven. Plagiocephaly is common and does not affect brain growth. If left untreated, it may change a babys physical appearance by causing their face and head to grow unevenly. […] Brachycephaly is where the back of a babys head is flat. Like plagiocephaly, brachycephaly does not affect brain growth. However, it may change a babys physical appearance. In some cases, the forehead may also bulge out and the face may widen.

• #39 Neurodevelopmental Implications of “Deformational” Plagiocephaly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3393045/

  Greater awareness of DP has been triggered by several factors including a dramatic increase in cases during the last decade, new technologies for measuring and modifying skull shape, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Back to Sleep campaign. […] However, it is widely believed that an unintended side effect of this program is the exponential increase in the rate of DP. […] There are few data on the effects of DP on infants neurodevelopment or other outcomes, perhaps because the condition has been considered so benign. […] Recent studies of children with single-suture synostoses (once regarded as having no functional significance) indicate significantly elevated risk for developmental delays and subsequent learning disorders. […] These findings have prompted investigators to reconsider the neurodevelopmental implications of DP, with initial studies tentatively suggesting that children with DP also have elevated risk of developmental delays or deficits.

• #40 Flat Head Syndrome- Not just a cosmetic issue

  https://acornhealth.org.uk/flat-head-syndrome-not-just-a-cosmetic-issue/

  Another study found that children with plagiocephaly were more likely to require special education services in school than their non-affected siblings (34.9% vs. 6.6%, respectively). […] In addition, skull deformities may contribute to headaches, migraines, painful teething, jaw and dental problems. It is therefore recommended that treatment takes place as early as possible, in order to restore normal head shape. […] There are numerous treatment options available, and if you are looking for gentle, non-invasive options for your little one there are several to consider. Hands-on treatment and exercises will help to alleviate the strain to the sternocleidomastoid muscle causing the torticollis and encourage normal neck movement in addition to helping to correct the skull deformation. Monitoring for neurodevelopment problems helps to ensure your baby achieves all their developmental milestones.

• #41 brachycephaly Archives – Acorn Health

  https://acornhealth.org.uk/tag/brachycephaly/

  More commonly, babies are born with a normal head shape which gradually becomes flattened or altered as a result of the position they lie in. […] It’s not just about appearance. Most advice seems to be that once baby’s hair grows out, skull deformities will be “hardly noticeable.” There is a growing body of research which suggests that children with plagiocephaly or brachycephaly need to be monitored for developmental delays or deficits. […] One study states that “Infants with deformational plagiocephaly comprise a high-risk group for developmental difficulties presenting as subtle problems of cerebral dysfunction during the school-age years.” […] Another study found that children with plagiocephaly were more likely to require special education services in school than their non-affected siblings (34.9% vs. 6.6%, respectively).

• #42 Flat Head Syndrome – Dr Maraschin

  https://www.drmaraschin.co.za/flat-head-syndrome/

  We have already mentioned two of the possible causes: Supine sleeping position. Studies have shown that 20 to 25% of babies who sleep on their backs develop brachycephaly to some degree or another. Muscular torticollis. The head tilts in one direction because the muscles of the neck on one side are shortened. Prematurity. These babies have very soft skulls and generally spend time in a neonatal ICU. They spend a long time on their backs, especially if they need to be ventilated. This will cause the back of the head to flatten. […] In moderate to severe cases, parents and practitioners are advised not to treat this condition merely as a cosmetic problem; in other words, doctors should not just assume that the flat head only affects the way the child looks. […] It is still unclear whether Flat Head Syndrome causes these developmental delays or if a child with developmental delays is more likely to develop Flat Head syndrome.

• #43 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Other factors that increase your babys risk for plagiocephaly include: Pregnancy with multiples. Assisted delivery with forceps or vacuum extractor. First-born child. Male. Low level of activity. Lack of tummy time. […] A babys skull is only soft and moldable for a certain period of time. Repositioning techniques are most effective before 4 months of age. […] If the plagiocephaly is bad, your healthcare provider may prescribe a plagiocephaly helmet for your baby. An orthotist (a healthcare provider who makes and fits medical devices) will measure the helmet for your babys head. Helmets fit loosely where the head is flat and tightly where its round. They encourage the flat area of the head to grow. […] Flat head syndrome doesnt cause any brain damage or affect your babys health. However, it may change your babys appearance. […] Positional plagiocephaly isnt the parents’ or caregivers fault. In fact, the condition often occurs because of something you were doing right placing your baby to sleep on their back.

• #44 Flat Head Syndrome (Deformational Plagiocephaly) | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/flat-head-syndrome-deformational-plagiocephaly

  Back sleeping. Babies who sleep on their back or in a car seat without changing positions for long periods of time can develop flat heads. […] A baby is more likely to have this condition if any of the following are true: […] They are the first-born child […] The baby is a boy […] The baby was born with the help of forceps or vacuum extraction […] The baby has torticollis. […] If treatment is not started early enough, the head may continue to be uneven. […] This condition has increased since the national Back to Sleep campaign began. This campaign was started to decrease deaths from SIDS. […] To help prevent a flat head: […] Let your baby have tummy time while you are watching. […] Reduce the time your baby spends in car seats and baby carriers. […] Hold your baby, giving the baby time to be upright.

• #45 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly – misshapen head

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Plagiocephaly_and_brachycephaly_-_misshapen_head/

  Craniosynostosis is another misshapen head condition where the skull bones close abnormally. […] Most babies with a misshapen head do not need any treatment especially if they are active and have plenty of one-on-one interaction. Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly usually improve as your baby grows and starts to move their head by themselves. […] A very small number of babies with plagiocephaly and brachycephaly have a severe and persistent deformity and may need helmet therapy. […] Most babies do not need helmet therapy. However, a specialist may suggest it if your baby’s head is severely and persistently misshapen at six months of age. […] Plagiocephaly will often correct itself with the above positioning and play advice as your baby grows. A very small number of babies will need helmet therapy to correct a severe and persistent misshapen head. […] A baby with a stiff and tight neck called torticollis may struggle to turn its head and favour one position. This lack of movement can cause a misshapen head, but it may be avoidable when managed early.

• #46 Neurodevelopmental Implications of “Deformational” Plagiocephaly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3393045/

  The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has provided a number of recommendations regarding the prevention and medical management of DP, including infant positioning strategies, mechanical adjustments, exercises, and use of orthotic helmets. […] Given emerging data suggestive of at least mild neurodevelopmental problems among infants with DP, and the fact that early detection and educational and psychomotor interventions are highly successful in preventing or reducing the impact of developmental delays or deficits, infants meeting diagnostic criteria for DP should be routinely screened and monitored for neurodevelopmental problems.

• #47 Brachycephalie bij baby’s begrijpen: Een gids voor ouders

  https://www.skullycare.com/for-parents/brachycephaly-guide-articles/brachycephaly-guide-for-parents

  If the flattening of your babys head seems to be getting worse, it’s important to take action. The earlier you start, the better. […] As mentioned, nature helps the head shape to correct itself over time, but if the flattening is too severe, the child might have asymmetry or a flat spot that lasts for life. […] The best time to begin preventing flat head syndrome is right from the startideally as soon as you notice your baby has a preferred head position. Babies often develop a preference for looking to one side, and this can lead to a flat spot forming on the side of the skull that they favor. […] Early intervention is key to achieving the best outcome. It needs to grow to improve the shape of your babys head, and the most significant growth occurs during the first year.

• #48 Flat Head Syndrome — Leva

  https://www.levaapp.com/articles/flat-head-syndrome-in-babies?srsltid=AfmBOooz8NStRAOh2rKyH2XMViECQM4KQCX7AEDpyccKNU9f4-Xav2nd

  The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) describes flat head syndrome (or plagiocephaly) as an asymmetry of the skull usually caused by a babys positioning in or out of the womb. […] Babies are often born with a slightly flat head due to having restricted movement within the womb, including a breech position, and early engagement of the babys head into the pelvis during pregnancy. […] After birth, flat head syndrome can also occur when babies are positioned on their backs for sleeping. […] Flat head syndrome also commonly occurs in babies with torticollis a condition in which the muscles on one side of the neck become shortened, causing the head to tilt and rotate to the opposite side. […] It is important for parents to realize that the presence of flat head syndrome or torticollis in their babies is not their fault. It is a result of factors out of their control and is usually due to safely positioning babies on their backs for sleeping.

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