Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/plagiocephaly-brachycephaly/

  Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they’re a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back. […] This is known as flat head syndrome, and there are 2 main types: plagiocephaly the head is flattened on one side, causing it to look asymmetrical; the ears may be misaligned and the head looks like a parallelogram when seen from above, and sometimes the forehead and face may bulge a little on the flat side […] brachycephaly the back of the head becomes flattened, causing the head to widen, and occasionally the forehead bulges out. […] These problems are quite common, affecting around 1 in every 5 babies at some point. […] In most cases they are not a major cause for concern, as they do not have any effect on the brain and the head shape will often improve by itself over time.

• #1 Understanding Plagiocephaly: What All Parents Need To Know

  https://lunara.llc/infantpt/plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly (also known as flat head syndrome) is a condition in which the shape of an infants head is flattened or asymmetrical due to pressure on the babys skull. […] Plagiocephaly is a common condition, affecting up to one in every five babies born. […] If parents suspect that their baby may have plagiocephaly, they should take them to see a doctor. The doctor will perform a physical examination and may measure the head to confirm the diagnosis. […] It is important to diagnose and treat plagiocephaly as early as possible in order to ensure that the babys head shape develops properly. […] Early diagnosis allows for prompt intervention which can help prevent these complications from occurring. […] If an infants plagiocephaly is more severe or does not improve after conservative management, the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends a referral to a pediatric specialist such as a physical therapist. […] Early diagnosis and intervention can reduce the severity of plagiocephaly and help to prevent long-term effects. […] It is important for parents to be aware of the signs and potential complications associated with plagiocephaly so that they can seek medical attention if needed.

• #1 Positional Plagiocephaly – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/positional-plagiocephaly/

  Positional plagiocephaly is a condition in which specific areas of an infants head develop an abnormally flattened shape and appearance. […] A thorough examination is necessary to confirm or rule out this diagnosis. […] Diagnosis is usually made by a pediatrician. At well baby visits, the babys head is examined to determine if the shape is symmetrically oval or not. […] If the shape is unusual for this diagnosis, a skull X-ray or CT scan may be ordered. […] If this diagnosis is entertained, it may call for a specialist referral to discuss the babys head shape further and to distinguish it from premature fusion of the cranial growth plates (sutures). […] The pediatrician will make the initial diagnosis and usually recommend a course of positional therapy. […] If positional therapy does not work, helmet or band therapy may be recommended. […] The orthotist may choose to take clinical photographs and a series of measurements with calipers or a scan to assess the shape of the babys skull. […] Adjustments to the helmet need to be made every 1-2 weeks because a babys head grows very quickly.

• #1 Flat Head Syndrome is fast becoming a pediatric epidemic – Katy Birth Center Home

  https://katybirthcenter.com/natural-birth-learnings/flat-head-syndrome-is-fast-becoming-a-pediatric-epidemic/

  A pediatric epidemic is sweeping the country. The incidence of infant deformational plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (DPB) and congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) has been on an upward spiral since 1992 when the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) instituted the Back to Sleep campaign. […] The aim of this article is to heighten awareness of this epidemic. Pediatric healthcare providers are on the front lines to intervene early in its evolution, allowing them to identify, prevent, and/or treat DPB and CMT with conservative measures. […] Deformational plagiocephaly/brachycephaly occurs from prolonged pressure on the babys skull in utero or soon after birth, causing an asymmetric (plagiocephaly) and/or wide (brachycephalic) head shape. […] The 2 diagnoses usually occur together, creating a synergistic effect. Additionally, DPB is strongly associated with CMT as high as 70% to 95%.

• #1 Diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7206465/

  Positional plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. […] The simplest way to assess the severity of plagiocephaly is to use a diagonal caliper during physical examination, which measures the difference between the diagonal lengths on each side of the head. […] Plagiocephaly can be treated surgically or conservatively. […] Positional plagiocephaly, which is not accompanied by craniosynostosis, is treated conservatively. […] Systematic approaches to clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly can be necessary and the age-appropriate treatment is recommended for patients with positional plagiocephaly. […] Plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. Radiography of the skull is performed to determine craniosynostosis, and ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography can be performed to achieve a definitive diagnosis.

• #1 Diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7206465/

  The cranial vault asymmetry index is used to determine the severity of positional plagiocephaly and can be calculated as shown below. An index 3.5 indicates severe asymmetry. […] Plagiocephaly can be treated surgically or conservatively. Plagiocephaly, accompanied by craniosynostosis, is often surgically treated. […] Conservative treatments involve a variety of treatments, such as change of positions, physiotherapy, massage therapy, and helmet therapy. […] Many studies have reported the use of external braces for the treatment of positional plagiocephaly. […] If positional plagiocephaly is discovered at an early stage, change of position is often the main method of treatment with further observation. […] The minimum age of patients eligible for helmet treatment is not defined, and helmet treatment should be initiated before the infants can control their head movements.

• #1 Brachycephaly – Treatment and Results

  https://www.plagiocefalia.com/en/brachycephaly/

  Positional brachycephaly is a cranial deformity consisting of a more or less symmetrical flattening of the entire back of the head. A baby is considered to have brachycephaly when the width (distance from ear to ear) of its skull exceeds 81% of its length (front to back). Brachycephaly can often be confused with plagiocephaly (also known as flat head syndrome). If you want to know more about how to identify if your baby has a brachycephaly, or other cranial deformity this guide can help you distinguish the main distinguishing features of the main cranial deformities. The treatment requires a series of regular visits to the specialist, who will make modifications to the helmet, depending on the growth of the skull. Infants with brachycephaly are usually hypotonic and have motor retardation.

• #1 A pediatric epidemic: Deformational plagiocephaly, brachycephaly and congenital muscular torticollis | Braceworks Custom Orthotics

  https://braceworks.ca/2020/04/27/health-tech/a-pediatric-epidemic-deformational-plagiocephaly-brachycephaly-and-congenital-muscular-torticollis/

  Deformational plagiocephaly/brachycephaly occurs from prolonged pressure on the baby’s skull in utero or soon after birth, causing an asymmetric (plagiocephaly) and/or wide (brachycephalic) head shape. The skull is soft and malleable until ossification begins at age 5 to 6 months. […] Diagnosis of DPB is determined by physical exam. The cranial exam is performed by having the parent/guardian hold the infant in his/her lap while the nurse practitioner examines the baby from the vertex view. This exam ascertains whether the DPB is unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral DPB most frequently manifests in a parallelogram shape of the head. […] When assessing the cranial vault, a hand caliper is used to measure the cranial index (CI), also referred to as the cephalic ratio, defined as the width divided by the length. The oblique diagonal difference (ODD) is a measurement of the asymmetry of the cranial vault. The CI and ODD provide objective guidelines with which to determine DPB severity. […] If the baby is aged 4.5 to 5 months or older and has moderate or severe cranial vault measurements, the parent/guardian is offered HT as a choice. The infant must show adequate head and neck control. […] Diagnosis and evaluation of DPB is critical for early intervention and treatment.

• #1 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Positional plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is a condition in which your infants head develops a flat spot or is misshapen. It usually affects one side of your babys head. This can make your babys head look abnormal or asymmetrical. […] You may notice the flattening of your babys head by 6 to 8 weeks of age. Your babys healthcare provider can diagnose plagiocephaly visually by looking at your baby and observing the flattening of their head. Your childs provider doesnt need any tests to confirm or measure flat head syndrome. […] Plagiocephaly treatment starts with changing your babys position. You can do this while your baby is asleep or awake. […] If the plagiocephaly is bad, your healthcare provider may prescribe a plagiocephaly helmet for your baby. An orthotist (a healthcare provider who makes and fits medical devices) will measure the helmet for your babys head. Helmets fit loosely where the head is flat and tightly where its round. They encourage the flat area of the head to grow. Your baby will wear the helmet for several months to reshape their skull.

• #1 Plagiocephaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564334/

  It is often challenging to distinguish deformational plagiocephaly from synostotic posterior plagiocephaly clinically. […] Computed tomographic (CT) scan with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is the principal imaging modality for evaluating craniosynostosis. […] The findings in unilateral coronal synostosis are a shallow ipsilateral anterior cranial fossa, contralateral frontal bossing, and an elevated roof and lateral wall of the ipsilateral orbit called the „harlequin eye” sign. […] Conservative treatment should be adopted for patients with deformational plagiocephaly and mild unilateral synostosis. […] Surgical treatment is indicated in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis to reduce the morphologic abnormality, prevent increased ICP, and prevent psychosocial issues. […] The principal differential diagnosis in plagiocephaly determines if it is deformational (positional) or synostotic due to a suture’s premature closure.

• #1 Positional Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | Pediatric Neurosurgery | University Hospitals Rainbow & Children’s | University Hospitals | Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/rainbow/services/pediatric-neurosurgery/conditions-and-treatments/positional-plagiocephaly

  What is positional plagiocephaly? Also known as flat head syndrome, positional plagiocephaly is a condition in which an area of an infant’s head develops an abnormally flattened shape. […] University Hospitals Rainbow Babies Children’s Hospital offers a multidisciplinary Head Shape Clinic that specializes in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of children with head shape abnormalities, including positional plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis. […] Doctors can generally diagnose positional plagiocephaly by a simple examination. The doctor may also check for torticollis by observing how a baby moves its head and neck. Further medical testing is usually not necessary. […] In certain cases, we may use the STARScanner laser data acquisition system special technology that is safe, takes less than 2 seconds and captures detailed head shape measurements, particularly if craniosynostosis or a similar condition is a suspected cause of the skull flatness. […] Other imaging technologies we may use in the diagnosis and assessment of positional plagiocephaly include ultrasound, x-ray and CT scan imaging.

• #1 Craniosynostosis | Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment | CHOC

  https://choc.org/neuroscience/craniosynostosis/

  As a parent, you know your baby better than anyone. You’re the first to notice if something doesn’t look quite right. Slight imperfections in your baby’s head are normal, especially in the first month after birth. But as your baby grows, a misshapen head could be a sign of something else. The earlier you can get a diagnosis—ideally, before the age of 6 months—the more effective treatment can be. […] Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the sutures in a child’s skull close too early, causing problems with head growth. […] Sometimes, a baby’s head will become misshapen when they spend a lot of time on their back, or because of problems with their neck muscles (torticollis). This is called positional plagiocephaly, or “flat head syndrome.” […] Most of the time, the head deformity is simply positional plagiocephaly, a benign condition that does not require surgical intervention. However, some deformities are caused by craniosynostosis. Similar to craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly can cause flat spots and bulging areas on the head and forehead, but it is not craniosynostosis because no fusion of the cranial sutures has happened. It is important to get your child properly diagnosed to avoid getting these two conditions confused.

• #1 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  If changing the babys position does not reduce the flatness and the baby is 6 months or older, a special helmet may help restore their head shape. […] If a provider is ever uncomfortable about the diagnosis or appropriate treatment, or if the pattern of head shape abnormality is not consistent with plagiocephaly, they should not hesitate to refer to us. […] For patients who have classic head-shape abnormalities consistent with plagiocephaly, providers should feel confident referring them directly to orthotic management. […] At Seattle Childrens, we use the Starband helmet. It fits snugly on the round parts of the babys head but is looser on the flat parts. This gives the flat parts more room to expand as the babys head grows.

• #1 Flat Head Syndrome is fast becoming a pediatric epidemic – Katy Birth Center Home

  https://katybirthcenter.com/natural-birth-learnings/flat-head-syndrome-is-fast-becoming-a-pediatric-epidemic/

  Diagnosis of DPB is determined by physical exam. The cranial exam is performed by having the parent/guardian hold the infant in his/her lap while the nurse practitioner examines the baby from the vertex view. […] The CI and ODD provide objective guidelines with which to determine DPB severity. […] If the baby is aged 4.5 to 5 months or older and has moderate or severe cranial vault measurements, the parent/guardian is offered HT as a choice. […] When evaluating these patients, differential diagnoses including craniosynostosis, macrocephaly, hemifacial microsomia, and hydrocephalus must be considered. […] The physical therapist evaluates the patients neck, spine, hips, feet, and provides gross motor skill screening. […] Pediatric healthcare providers are in the best position to identify and manage DPB and CMT. Evaluation of the infants head shape and range of motion of the neck should be incorporated into the 1- and 2-month well-child appointments. […] Conservative measures are most effective when the skull is still malleable prior to onset of ossification.

• #1 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Flat Head Syndrome: Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly, and Dolichocephaly | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-to-head-shape-flatness-in-infants-plagiocephaly

  Infant flat head syndrome is an atypical flattening or deformation of the skull that may present as: […] Plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and dolichocephaly are different types of infant flat head syndrome. […] Physical therapists help determine the cause of the head flattening and the best treatment. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends pediatricians screen infants for postural problems at every well-child visit from birth through six months. […] Infants with any uneven postures or positions should be referred to a pediatric physical therapist for evaluation as soon as flattening is noticed; do not wait until the next well visit. […] As movement and developmental experts, pediatric physical therapists have the expertise and experience to properly screen, evaluate, and diagnose posture and skeletal imbalances.

• #1 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Flat Head Syndrome: Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly, and Dolichocephaly | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-to-head-shape-flatness-in-infants-plagiocephaly

  Your child’s physical therapist will conduct a full evaluation. […] The sooner a baby sees a pediatric physical therapist, the more likely it is to prevent further loss of range of motion or a worsening of the flattened skull. […] Early diagnosis at or shortly after birth provides the quickest and best results to help correct head shape flatness. […] Families and caregivers should seek early screening of their newborns for any neck range of motion problems and a flat spot on the baby’s skull. […] The sooner a baby sees a pediatric physical therapist, the sooner prevention or correction of muscle tightness and flattening of the skull can occur. […] All physical therapists are prepared through education and experience to treat a variety of conditions, including infant flat head syndrome.

• #1 positional plagiocephaly/ flat head syndrome | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/patients-visitors/services/neurosurgery/about-us/conditions-we-treat/positional-plagiocephaly-flat

  Positional plagiocephaly is flattening or molding of an infants skull due to prolonged contact with external surfaces. It often becomes apparent when an infant is two or three months old. Also known as abnormal head shape or flat head. […] Infants with flattening across the entire back of the head have a kind of plagiocephaly called brachycephaly. […] Physicians can identify torticollis and plagiocephaly early on by completing a thorough exam. Sometimes, an ultrasound or X-ray may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Early referral to a neurosurgeon for evaluation and treatment is important. This is because the most rapid head growth occurs between birth and six months of age, followed by ages six months to 12 months.

• #1 How Do I Know If My Baby Has a Severe Flat Head?

  https://www.technologyinmotion.com/blog/severe-flat-head

  In many cases, flat head syndrome will self-correct through repositioning, bringing it within the normal range if carried out correctly. However, where infants have a moderate or a severe flat head, this is unlikely to improve significantly without further intervention. […] Health Visitors and GPs adhere to NHS guidelines and the general advice is that all types of plagiocephaly will self-correct to some degree. With little information provided other than this advice, parents are then left to consider whether their baby has severe flat head syndrome and what other treatment options are available. […] We carry out a visual inspection of all our patients and use diagonal measurements to calculate the Cranial Vault Asymmetry (CVA) in order to determine the severity of plagiocephaly. This takes into account the difference between the diagonal head shape measurements to establish whether the head can be categorised as either mild, moderate or severe plagiocephaly.

• #1 Osteopathy & Flat Head Syndrome (Plagiocephaly & Brachycephaly)

  https://www.osteopathyforkids.ca/post/osteopathy-birthing-trauma

  Flat head syndrome a medical condition where a part of a baby’s head appears flattened. This can impact the symmetry and proportion of the cranium. Research suggests that about 20% of babies have an abnormally shaped head. There are two common presentations of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly. […] Diagnosis There are various tools with different price points. Since it is not in the scope for an Osteopathic Manual Practitioner in Canada to diagnose the below can give you clues to help form a clinical impression. […] Classifications of Plagiocephaly Type I deformity is restricted to the back of the skull Type II adds malposition of the affected ear Type III adds forehead deformity Type IV adds malar (cheek) deformity Type V adds attempts of the brain to decompress vertically (longer head) or temporally (wider head).

• #1 Osteopathy & Flat Head Syndrome (Plagiocephaly & Brachycephaly)

  https://www.osteopathyforkids.ca/post/osteopathy-birthing-trauma

  The classification can also be used to identify a posterior brachycephaly. Type I is restricted to the central posterior skull. Type II demonstrates widening of the posterior skull lateral to the central depression. Type III represents attempts to decompress the brain with temporal (wide) or vertical (long) skull growth.

• #1 How Do I Know If My Baby Has a Severe Flat Head?

  https://www.technologyinmotion.com/blog/severe-flat-head

  As the normal standard deviation chart below demonstrates, treatment is recommended for the most severe five percent of infants, who fall within the moderate and severe ranges. […] If you think your baby may fall into the moderate or severe plagiocephaly scale or would like a professional observation and diagnosis, Technology in Motion is here to help.

• #1 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly is a flat spot on the back or side of a babys head. It is caused by pressure on the bones of the skull before or after birth. This usually happens because of the way a baby likes to lie in their first few months of life. […] By itself, a flat spot on a young babys head is generally not a concern. […] If the condition seems to be getting worse after 4 months, patients should be referred to a specialist for further evaluation. […] Providers should check the childs head for features like: bony ridges, flat areas, uneven forehead, two sides of the face that do not match each other (asymmetry), ears that look different from each other. […] If providers are unsure, they should not hesitate to refer a patient to Childrens Craniofacial Center. […] Recent studies by Childrens found increased developmental delays in infants, toddlers and preschoolers with positional plagiocephaly compared to children without positional plagiocephaly.

• #1

• #1 What to Expect After a Plagiocephaly Diagnosis

  https://www.bostonoandp.com/for-patients/plagiocephaly/what-to-expect-after-a-plagiocephaly-diagnosis/

  When your baby has been diagnosed with plagiocephaly, or “flat-head syndrome,” it’s natural to have a lot of questions, as well as worries or concerns. […] If your baby has been diagnosed with plagiocephaly (flattening of one side of the head) or brachycephaly (flattening of the back of the head) and you have been referred to Boston O&P, your Boston O&P orthotist will do an initial evaluation, take measurements, and, if appropriate, take a 3D scan of your baby’s head. […] Your orthotist will discuss their recommendations with you and will be available to answer any questions you may have. […] At each visit, your orthotist will take measurements and evaluate the baby’s head shape. Once it has reached a good shape, or it is decided to end treatment for other reasons, a final 3D scan will be taken to show the progress made while wearing the Boston Band.

• #1 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  We believe treating plagiocephaly does not affect developmental outcomes. […] However, we do think plagiocephaly may be a marker that could identify if a child is at risk for delayed development, so we recommend that all babies with flattened skulls be screened by their primary providers for developmental problems. […] Plagiocephaly is a cosmetic issue, so how concerned one should be is linked to how concerned one is about the shape of their childs head. […] The most important prevention tactic is to keep babies off their back when theyre awake. […] If a child is noted to have torticollis start stretching exercises or therapy as soon as it is noted that will help to prevent plagiocephaly or keep it from getting worse. […] Treatment depends on the cause, childs age and how much their skull is affected. Options include: If muscle tightness limits the babys movement in the neck (torticollis), our team may recommend exercises or refer the patient to a physical therapist.

• #1 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/plagiocephaly-brachycephaly/

  Speak to your health visitor or GP if you’re concerned about the shape of your baby’s head or think they may have problems turning their head. […] A slightly flattened head is not usually anything to worry about, but it’s a good idea to get advice early on so you can take steps to stop it getting any worse. […] The shape of your baby’s head should improve naturally over time as their skull develops and they start moving their head, rolling around and crawling. […] If your baby has difficulty turning their head, physiotherapy may help loosen and strengthen their neck muscles. […] Corrective surgery may be needed if they have craniosynostosis. […] Mild flattening of the head will usually improve if you use the simple measures described on this page, although it may be a couple of months before you start to notice an improvement. […] Your baby’s head may not return to a completely perfect shape, but by the time they’re 1 or 2 years old any flattening will be barely noticeable.

• #1 Developmental outcomes of positional plagiocephaly

  https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/developmental-outcomes-positional-plagiocephaly

  The researchers stop short of stating that PPB has a causal relationship to developmental problems but note that PPB might rather be used as a marker for developmental vulnerability. […] Collett says its important for pediatricians to monitor patients with PPB, even after the malformation is treated. […] For infants with more noticeable (moderate to severe) deformation, pediatricians should provide developmental assessment and monitoring or refer infants to a developmental specialist. […] We hope that our results will guide efforts to identify babies with plagiocephaly/brachycephaly who would benefit from developmental assessment/monitoring and early intervention.

• #1 How do I detect plagiocephaly?

  https://www.plagiocefalia.com/en/how-do-i-detect-plagiocephaly/

  This page will help you detect and assess if your baby has plagiocephaly, brachycephaly or scaphocephaly. […] A diagnosis of plagiocephaly looks very different from one baby to another, no two cases are the same. […] The information provided in this page is indicative and is not intended to replace an evaluation by a medical professional. We recommend you visiting your paediatrician for a confirmed diagnosis. […] It is especially important to note what you see here. While plagiocephaly is a highly treatable condition, research has shown that the best results are achieved when treatment begins early. Because cranial cap therapy is effective for a short period of time and severe cases of plagiocephaly are more complex to correct, it is crucial that infants with advanced forms of the condition begin treatment as soon as possible. […] The information provided in this page is indicative and is not intended to replace an evaluation by a medical professional. We recommend you visiting your paediatrician for a confirmed diagnosis.

• #1 Positional plagiocephaly

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Positional_plagiocephaly/

  RCH Health Professionals Clinical Practice Guidelines Positional plagiocephaly […] Imaging is not required, diagnosis is based on history and examination findings including the absence of features of craniosynostosis […] Assessment includes identifying the presence of a co-existing tight sternocleidomastoid muscle (congenital muscular torticollis) and other risk factors […] Most resolve without any treatment and will show improvement with counterpositioning measures and physiotherapy intervention […] Imaging (eg cranial X-ray or CT scan) not required to confirm plagiocephaly or brachycephaly […] If craniosynostosis is suspected, refer urgently to a craniofacial service that can decide on optimal diagnostic imaging. This reduces delay in appropriate management.

• #2 Preventing and Treating Flat Head Syndrome

  https://www.pathfinder.health/post/flat-head

  Many babies develop an asymmetrical head shape or flattened spot on the side or back of the head after birth. This is often called „flat head syndrome.” […] Plagiocephaly is the medical term for a baby’s head that has a flat spot on one side and looks asymmetrical. In some cases the ears may become misaligned and the forehead and/or cheek may shift forward on the flattened side. […] Brachycephaly is when the back of the baby’s head flattens, causing the entire head to become wider. […] Positional plagiocephaly (sometimes referred to as „deformational plagiocephaly”) or brachycephaly occurs when babies lie with their heads in the same position for a long time, putting constant pressure on the back or side of their skull. […] A doctor can diagnose flat head syndrome, provide advice on ways to correct it at home, and provide referrals for physical therapy or helmet therapy, if necessary.

• #2 Diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7206465/

  Positional plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. […] The simplest way to assess the severity of plagiocephaly is to use a diagonal caliper during physical examination, which measures the difference between the diagonal lengths on each side of the head. […] Plagiocephaly can be treated surgically or conservatively. […] Positional plagiocephaly, which is not accompanied by craniosynostosis, is treated conservatively. […] Systematic approaches to clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly can be necessary and the age-appropriate treatment is recommended for patients with positional plagiocephaly. […] Plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. Radiography of the skull is performed to determine craniosynostosis, and ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography can be performed to achieve a definitive diagnosis.

• #2 Flat Head Syndrome (Deformational Plagiocephaly) – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://deprod.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=flat-head-syndrome-deformational-plagiocephaly-90-P01834

  Flat head syndrome (deformational plagiocephaly) is when a babys head develops a lasting flat spot. The flat spot may be either on one side of the head or on the back of the head. […] How is deformational plagiocephaly diagnosed? Your babys healthcare provider will check your babys head from all positions. He or she will also feel your child’s head, particularly along the suture lines. Your babys healthcare provider will also take measurements of your babys head to figure out how serious the condition is. […] The first step in treating this condition is to change your baby’s head position. […] Some cases require the baby to wear a helmet or remodeling band. […] If you notice that your babys head is misshapen or you are worried about a flat spot, have your baby checked by his or her healthcare provider.

• #2 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly is a flat spot on the back or side of a babys head. It is caused by pressure on the bones of the skull before or after birth. This usually happens because of the way a baby likes to lie in their first few months of life. […] By itself, a flat spot on a young babys head is generally not a concern. […] If the condition seems to be getting worse after 4 months, patients should be referred to a specialist for further evaluation. […] Providers should check the childs head for features like: bony ridges, flat areas, uneven forehead, two sides of the face that do not match each other (asymmetry), ears that look different from each other. […] If providers are unsure, they should not hesitate to refer a patient to Childrens Craniofacial Center. […] Recent studies by Childrens found increased developmental delays in infants, toddlers and preschoolers with positional plagiocephaly compared to children without positional plagiocephaly.

• #2 Positional Plagiocephaly (Flat Head Syndrome) | Pediatric Neurosurgery | University Hospitals Rainbow & Children’s | University Hospitals | Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/rainbow/services/pediatric-neurosurgery/conditions-and-treatments/positional-plagiocephaly

  What is positional plagiocephaly? Also known as flat head syndrome, positional plagiocephaly is a condition in which an area of an infant’s head develops an abnormally flattened shape. […] University Hospitals Rainbow Babies Children’s Hospital offers a multidisciplinary Head Shape Clinic that specializes in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of children with head shape abnormalities, including positional plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis. […] Doctors can generally diagnose positional plagiocephaly by a simple examination. The doctor may also check for torticollis by observing how a baby moves its head and neck. Further medical testing is usually not necessary. […] In certain cases, we may use the STARScanner laser data acquisition system special technology that is safe, takes less than 2 seconds and captures detailed head shape measurements, particularly if craniosynostosis or a similar condition is a suspected cause of the skull flatness. […] Other imaging technologies we may use in the diagnosis and assessment of positional plagiocephaly include ultrasound, x-ray and CT scan imaging.

• #2 How Do I Know If My Baby Has a Severe Flat Head?

  https://www.technologyinmotion.com/blog/severe-flat-head

  In many cases, flat head syndrome will self-correct through repositioning, bringing it within the normal range if carried out correctly. However, where infants have a moderate or a severe flat head, this is unlikely to improve significantly without further intervention. […] Health Visitors and GPs adhere to NHS guidelines and the general advice is that all types of plagiocephaly will self-correct to some degree. With little information provided other than this advice, parents are then left to consider whether their baby has severe flat head syndrome and what other treatment options are available. […] We carry out a visual inspection of all our patients and use diagonal measurements to calculate the Cranial Vault Asymmetry (CVA) in order to determine the severity of plagiocephaly. This takes into account the difference between the diagonal head shape measurements to establish whether the head can be categorised as either mild, moderate or severe plagiocephaly.

• #2 Plagiocephaly: Diagnosis And Treatment – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/plagiocephaly-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Plagiocephaly is diagnosed through a physical examination of the baby’s head and skull shape. A diagonal caliper may be used to measure the diagonal lengths of the head. However, to ensure accuracy, doctors may order additional imaging scans like ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans, particularly if craniosynostosis is suspected. These scans help confirm the diagnosis and provide more information for determining the most appropriate treatment. […] Diagnosis is made by a physician in a clinic, using physical measurements of the skull and confirming with medical imaging.

• #2 Positional plagiocephaly in babies: signs, causes & indian tips

  https://heloa.app/en-in/blog/0-12-months/health/positional-plagiocephaly

  Positional plagiocephaly refers to a flat or asymmetrical area on your babys skull. […] Its worth distinguishing: not all head shape changes are alike. Brachycephaly means the entire back of the head is symmetrically flat. […] If flattening persists, seems to worsen, or is joined by a clear head-turning preference, consult a healthcare provider. The window between 3 to 6 months is the period of peak skull plasticity and hence, best outcomes with early care. […] Diagnosis happens mostly by clinical eye and gentle palpation. Rarely, measurements such as the Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) may offer further precision. […] Simple, persistent at-home measures unlock progress in the majority of cases. […] When torticollis or restricted neck movement is identified, early physiotherapy helps stretching programs, strengthening, and tailored exercises quickly restore symmetry and prevent escalation.

• #2 Navigating your child’s diagnosis of Craniosynostosis

  https://www.cappskids.org/cephalic-index-what-do-the-numbers-mean/

  When a baby is diagnosed with Deformational Plagiocephaly, it is important to determine whether or not the baby will benefit from Cranial Remodel Band or Helmet. […] Plagiocephaly Diagnosis: CI >76% to <90%, asymmetric head shape, occipitoparietal flattening, ear misalignment [...] Brachycephaly Diagnosis: CI >90%, short skull, occiput flattened, widened […] These numbers may seem confusing but this has proven to greatly assist in the monitoring of children with any skull shape concerns.

• #2 What to Expect After a Plagiocephaly Diagnosis

  https://www.bostonoandp.com/for-patients/plagiocephaly/what-to-expect-after-a-plagiocephaly-diagnosis/

  When your baby has been diagnosed with plagiocephaly, or “flat-head syndrome,” it’s natural to have a lot of questions, as well as worries or concerns. […] If your baby has been diagnosed with plagiocephaly (flattening of one side of the head) or brachycephaly (flattening of the back of the head) and you have been referred to Boston O&P, your Boston O&P orthotist will do an initial evaluation, take measurements, and, if appropriate, take a 3D scan of your baby’s head. […] Your orthotist will discuss their recommendations with you and will be available to answer any questions you may have. […] At each visit, your orthotist will take measurements and evaluate the baby’s head shape. Once it has reached a good shape, or it is decided to end treatment for other reasons, a final 3D scan will be taken to show the progress made while wearing the Boston Band.

• #2 Positional plagiocephaly

  https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Positional_plagiocephaly/

  RCH Health Professionals Clinical Practice Guidelines Positional plagiocephaly […] Imaging is not required, diagnosis is based on history and examination findings including the absence of features of craniosynostosis […] Assessment includes identifying the presence of a co-existing tight sternocleidomastoid muscle (congenital muscular torticollis) and other risk factors […] Most resolve without any treatment and will show improvement with counterpositioning measures and physiotherapy intervention […] Imaging (eg cranial X-ray or CT scan) not required to confirm plagiocephaly or brachycephaly […] If craniosynostosis is suspected, refer urgently to a craniofacial service that can decide on optimal diagnostic imaging. This reduces delay in appropriate management.

• #2 Baby Flat Head Syndrome (Plagiocephaly): Causes & Treatment

  https://www.momjunction.com/articles/flat-head-syndrome_00457821/

  Flat head syndrome in babies is characterized by an abnormal flattening of the baby’s skull, and usually, it is one sided. […] Keep reading this post as we tell you more about the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention of flat head syndrome in newborns. […] How Is Flat Head Syndrome Diagnosed? […] Here is how a pediatric doctor can tell if it is a flat head syndrome: […] Visual and physical inspection: Since the condition is easy to spot, a medical professional is most likely to diagnose plagiocephaly by visual examination alone. The doctor will also touch and feel the skull to check if there are any other problems. They may ask about the baby’s present and past sleeping positions. […] X-ray: X-rays help accurately pinpoint the flattened skull bone, and can also determine if any two bones are fused.

• #2 Craniosynostosis | Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment | CHOC

  https://choc.org/neuroscience/craniosynostosis/

  As a parent, you know your baby better than anyone. You’re the first to notice if something doesn’t look quite right. Slight imperfections in your baby’s head are normal, especially in the first month after birth. But as your baby grows, a misshapen head could be a sign of something else. The earlier you can get a diagnosis—ideally, before the age of 6 months—the more effective treatment can be. […] Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the sutures in a child’s skull close too early, causing problems with head growth. […] Sometimes, a baby’s head will become misshapen when they spend a lot of time on their back, or because of problems with their neck muscles (torticollis). This is called positional plagiocephaly, or “flat head syndrome.” […] Most of the time, the head deformity is simply positional plagiocephaly, a benign condition that does not require surgical intervention. However, some deformities are caused by craniosynostosis. Similar to craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly can cause flat spots and bulging areas on the head and forehead, but it is not craniosynostosis because no fusion of the cranial sutures has happened. It is important to get your child properly diagnosed to avoid getting these two conditions confused.

• #2 What is flat head syndrome (plagiocephaly or brachycephaly)? | NCT

  https://www.nct.org.uk/information/baby-toddler/baby-and-toddler-health/what-flat-head-syndrome-plagiocephaly-or-brachycephaly

  Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly describe the two main types of this condition (NHS, 2018). […] Your GP can help you decide if your baby might need some other tests, x-rays or scans to rule out problems like craniosynostosis, where the plates of the skull join together too early (GOSH, 2017). Craniosynostosis needs surgery to correct it. […] Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly develop when constant pressure is placed on one side of the babys skull (GOSH, 2017). […] There is a lack of strong evidence on how effective cranial osteopathy techniques and therapeutic strategies are (Guillaud A, et al. 2016). Similarly the use of helmets or special headbands generally arent recommended (NHS, 2018). […] Generally, flat head syndrome is seen as a purely cosmetic condition that does not have any effect on how the babys brain develops.

• #2 Cranial Disorders and Head Shape | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/pediatrics/services/pediatric-neurosurgery/craniosynostosis

  The pediatric neurosurgeons, craniofacial plastic surgeons, and neurologists at Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of complex skull issues in infants and toddlers, including the use of minimally invasive surgeries when possible. […] What should I do if my child has signs of craniosynostosis or positional plagiocephaly? Call our office at 212-241-0954 or email [email protected] for a consultation. We will schedule your child for a clinical evaluation, order imaging (if applicable), and may opt to monitor your child over time to ensure proper development. […] Seeing the difference between plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis requires a clinically trained eye. Though plagiocephaly is much more common, a missed diagnosis of craniosynostosis can lead to delayed treatment and worsening of your child’s condition.

• #2 Does your baby need helmet therapy? 5 facts about flat head syndrome | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/does-your-baby-need-helmet-therapy-5-facts-about-flat-head-syndrome

  Babies come in all different shapes and sizes. But if your infants head shape is giving you cause for concern, it may be plagiocephaly a condition where your baby has a flat spot or misshapen head. […] The good news is that this common type of plagiocephaly, also called flat head syndrome, generally does not interfere with your childs development. And its highly treatable. […] According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, about 50% of children will develop positional plagiocephaly. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of plagiocephaly are important. […] There are no tests needed to diagnose positional plagiocephaly. […] Cranial helmet therapy isnt the only treatment option for flat head syndrome. […] Always consult with your pediatrician before trying any products or techniques claiming to prevent or treat plagiocephaly.

• #2 Plagiocephaly or flat head in babies | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/health-daily-care/health-concerns/plagiocephaly

  Plagiocephaly is an uneven or asymmetrical head shape a flat head. It can also be a flattened spot on the back or side of a babys head. Plagiocephaly can be mild, moderate or severe. […] Your baby might have an uneven head shape, a flat head or flattened sections at the back or side of their head. […] See your GP or child and family health nurse if youre concerned about your babys head shape, or your baby has: a strangely shaped head or a flat spot, which hasnt gone back to a typical shape by about 2 months of age. […] Often, mild plagiocephaly doesnt need treatment. Its likely to fix itself as your baby grows. […] For severe plagiocephaly, your specialist might recommend that your child wears a specially fitted helmet, which takes the pressure off the flat spot and allows your childs head shape to change as their head grows.

• #2 How Do I Know If My Baby Has a Severe Flat Head?

  https://www.technologyinmotion.com/blog/severe-flat-head

  As the normal standard deviation chart below demonstrates, treatment is recommended for the most severe five percent of infants, who fall within the moderate and severe ranges. […] If you think your baby may fall into the moderate or severe plagiocephaly scale or would like a professional observation and diagnosis, Technology in Motion is here to help.

• #2 Flat Head Syndrome (Plagiocephaly) in Babies – Happiest Baby

  https://www.happiestbaby.com/blogs/baby/flat-head-syndrome

  Plagiocephaly is most often referred to as flat head syndrome and for good reason. Flat head syndrome is marked by a flat spot on one side or the back of a baby’s head. […] Your child’s pediatrician will examine your little one’s noggin during well-baby visits to determine if their head shape is symmetrical. They’ll be able to diagnose flat head syndrome simply by looking and possibly utilizing a device called a diagonal caliper. This handheld tool simply measures the difference between the diagonal lengths on each side of the head. […] If your child gets a diagnosis for flat head syndrome, your child’s healthcare provider may refer you to a specialist such as a neurosurgeon or a craniofacial specialist.

• #2 Deformational Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly | CHP

  https://www.chp.edu/our-services/plastic-surgery/conditions/deformational-plagiocephaly-and-brachycephaly

  Deformational Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly refers to a head shape that is misshapen, uneven, or involves a flat spot. […] The exact cause is unknown, but thought to be related to many factors. At birth and in early infancy, the baby’s skull is very soft and can become flat if there is frequent pressure on the same part of the head. Deformational plagiocephaly or brachycephaly is often associated with stiffness of the neck muscles known as torticollis. […] Torticollis is treated with physical therapy. If you suspect your baby has torticollis, talk with your pediatrician about starting physical therapy. […] The more your baby lies in the same position on the back of the head, the greater the chance of developing or worsening plagiocephaly/brachycephaly. […] For mild cases of deformational plagiocephaly or brachycephaly, the only recommended treatment is positioning the baby so that he will not lie on the flattened area of the head. For moderate to severe cases, cranial remolding helmet therapy is recommended at the appropriate age.

• #2 Diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7206465/

  The cranial vault asymmetry index is used to determine the severity of positional plagiocephaly and can be calculated as shown below. An index 3.5 indicates severe asymmetry. […] Plagiocephaly can be treated surgically or conservatively. Plagiocephaly, accompanied by craniosynostosis, is often surgically treated. […] Conservative treatments involve a variety of treatments, such as change of positions, physiotherapy, massage therapy, and helmet therapy. […] Many studies have reported the use of external braces for the treatment of positional plagiocephaly. […] If positional plagiocephaly is discovered at an early stage, change of position is often the main method of treatment with further observation. […] The minimum age of patients eligible for helmet treatment is not defined, and helmet treatment should be initiated before the infants can control their head movements.

• #2 Developmental outcomes of positional plagiocephaly

  https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/developmental-outcomes-positional-plagiocephaly

  A new study urges pediatricians to screen for cognitive challenges as children with PPB age. […] Flattening of the skull on the back or side of an infants head-also known as positional plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly (PPB)-is a common problem seen in pediatric practice. […] In a new study published in Pediatrics, researchers evaluated the long-term cognitive and academic impact of PPB. […] Plagiocephaly is defined as a flattened head on one side resulting in asymmetry, possibly accompanied by misaligned ears. In brachycephaly, the back of the head becomes flattened, resulting in a widened head and occasional bulging of the forehead. […] Whereas these common conditions have long been thought to be a benign cosmetic issue, the research team that developed the new Pediatrics study notes that associations have been made between PPB and neurodevelopmental deficits.

• #2 Flat Head Syndrome (Positional Plagiocephaly) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/positional-plagiocephaly.html

  Flat head syndrome is often caused by tight neck muscles that make it hard for babies to turn their heads. […] Doctors often can diagnose flat head syndrome by looking at the baby’s head. […] Medical tests usually are not needed.

• #2 Plagiocephaly, Positional Plagiocephaly, Flat Head Syndrome: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10691-plagiocephaly-flat-head-syndrome

  Positional plagiocephaly, or flat head syndrome, is a condition in which your infants head develops a flat spot or is misshapen. It usually affects one side of your babys head. This can make your babys head look abnormal or asymmetrical. […] You may notice the flattening of your babys head by 6 to 8 weeks of age. Your babys healthcare provider can diagnose plagiocephaly visually by looking at your baby and observing the flattening of their head. Your childs provider doesnt need any tests to confirm or measure flat head syndrome. […] Plagiocephaly treatment starts with changing your babys position. You can do this while your baby is asleep or awake. […] If the plagiocephaly is bad, your healthcare provider may prescribe a plagiocephaly helmet for your baby. An orthotist (a healthcare provider who makes and fits medical devices) will measure the helmet for your babys head. Helmets fit loosely where the head is flat and tightly where its round. They encourage the flat area of the head to grow. Your baby will wear the helmet for several months to reshape their skull.

• #3 Lumiere Physical Therapy: What is Plagiocephaly?

  https://www.lumierechild.com/blog/lumiere-physical-therapy-what-is-plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly, or “flat head syndrome” is a condition in infants that is more common than you think. In a study done in 2013 and published in Pediatrics, the incidence of plagiocephaly in infants 7-12 weeks old was 46.6%. That means that this condition affects ~1 in every 2 infants. […] Plagiocephaly, also known as “flat head syndrome”, means that your child’s head has flattened due to the fact that your child’s skull sutures have not yet closed. This may be caused by an infant spending too much time on his back, especially looking only to one side, resulting in a flat spot on one side of the head. […] Additionally, your child may develop a flat spot on the entire back of the head (not just only one side), which is called Brachycephaly. This is also caused by an infant spending too much time on his back, or in equipment such as car seats or bouncers.

• #3 Positional Plagiocephaly – AANS

  https://www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/positional-plagiocephaly/

  Positional plagiocephaly is a condition in which specific areas of an infants head develop an abnormally flattened shape and appearance. […] A thorough examination is necessary to confirm or rule out this diagnosis. […] Diagnosis is usually made by a pediatrician. At well baby visits, the babys head is examined to determine if the shape is symmetrically oval or not. […] If the shape is unusual for this diagnosis, a skull X-ray or CT scan may be ordered. […] If this diagnosis is entertained, it may call for a specialist referral to discuss the babys head shape further and to distinguish it from premature fusion of the cranial growth plates (sutures). […] The pediatrician will make the initial diagnosis and usually recommend a course of positional therapy. […] If positional therapy does not work, helmet or band therapy may be recommended. […] The orthotist may choose to take clinical photographs and a series of measurements with calipers or a scan to assess the shape of the babys skull. […] Adjustments to the helmet need to be made every 1-2 weeks because a babys head grows very quickly.

• #3 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly is a flat spot on the back or side of a babys head. It is caused by pressure on the bones of the skull before or after birth. This usually happens because of the way a baby likes to lie in their first few months of life. […] By itself, a flat spot on a young babys head is generally not a concern. […] If the condition seems to be getting worse after 4 months, patients should be referred to a specialist for further evaluation. […] Providers should check the childs head for features like: bony ridges, flat areas, uneven forehead, two sides of the face that do not match each other (asymmetry), ears that look different from each other. […] If providers are unsure, they should not hesitate to refer a patient to Childrens Craniofacial Center. […] Recent studies by Childrens found increased developmental delays in infants, toddlers and preschoolers with positional plagiocephaly compared to children without positional plagiocephaly.

• #3 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/plagiocephaly-brachycephaly/

  Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they’re a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back. […] This is known as flat head syndrome, and there are 2 main types: plagiocephaly the head is flattened on one side, causing it to look asymmetrical; the ears may be misaligned and the head looks like a parallelogram when seen from above, and sometimes the forehead and face may bulge a little on the flat side […] brachycephaly the back of the head becomes flattened, causing the head to widen, and occasionally the forehead bulges out. […] These problems are quite common, affecting around 1 in every 5 babies at some point. […] In most cases they are not a major cause for concern, as they do not have any effect on the brain and the head shape will often improve by itself over time.

• #3 Flat Head Syndrome (Plagiocephaly) in Babies – Happiest Baby

  https://www.happiestbaby.com/blogs/baby/flat-head-syndrome

  Plagiocephaly is most often referred to as flat head syndrome and for good reason. Flat head syndrome is marked by a flat spot on one side or the back of a baby’s head. […] Your child’s pediatrician will examine your little one’s noggin during well-baby visits to determine if their head shape is symmetrical. They’ll be able to diagnose flat head syndrome simply by looking and possibly utilizing a device called a diagonal caliper. This handheld tool simply measures the difference between the diagonal lengths on each side of the head. […] If your child gets a diagnosis for flat head syndrome, your child’s healthcare provider may refer you to a specialist such as a neurosurgeon or a craniofacial specialist.

• #3 Does your baby need helmet therapy? 5 facts about flat head syndrome | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/does-your-baby-need-helmet-therapy-5-facts-about-flat-head-syndrome

  Babies come in all different shapes and sizes. But if your infants head shape is giving you cause for concern, it may be plagiocephaly a condition where your baby has a flat spot or misshapen head. […] The good news is that this common type of plagiocephaly, also called flat head syndrome, generally does not interfere with your childs development. And its highly treatable. […] According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, about 50% of children will develop positional plagiocephaly. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of plagiocephaly are important. […] There are no tests needed to diagnose positional plagiocephaly. […] Cranial helmet therapy isnt the only treatment option for flat head syndrome. […] Always consult with your pediatrician before trying any products or techniques claiming to prevent or treat plagiocephaly.

• #3 Cranial Disorders and Head Shape | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/pediatrics/services/pediatric-neurosurgery/craniosynostosis

  Craniosynostosis can be detected as early as birth. It is important to diagnose craniosynostosis in a timely manner to facilitate normal skull and brain development, as well as allow for the option of a minimally invasive surgical approach. […] A formal diagnosis can usually be made with a physical examination, but sometimes more subtle findings may require imaging. An ultrasound evaluation of the suture lines can assist in diagnosis and does not emit radiation. Sometimes an x-ray or CT scan is necessary for more definitive evaluation of the suture lines or for surgical planning purposes.

• #3 Helmet Treatment for Babies: Why the Controversy?

  https://www.technologyinmotion.com/blog/helmet-treatment-for-babies-why-the-controversy

  Flat head syndrome specialist Steve Mottram discusses the options that are available for reducing the incidence and severity of deformational plagiocephaly. […] Plagiocephaly research relating to the treatment of flat heads in infants has been, to some extent contradictory, making it difficult if not impossible, to establish a set of protocols for advice. […] Diagnosis of plagiocephaly should be based on the infant’s history and presentation. If an infant has a typically oval or egg-shaped head at birth and later develops a flattening, this is likely to be deformational plagiocephaly. […] Where plagiocephaly has developed, repositioning strategies must be employed over a minimum of one month to minimise progression. […] If the deformity progresses or fails to improve after a month of repositioning, or if the child is over 5 months of age, it is doubtful that it will spontaneously resolve later.

• #4 Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly (flat head syndrome)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/plagiocephaly-brachycephaly/

  Babies sometimes develop a flattened head when they’re a few months old, usually as a result of them spending a lot of time lying on their back. […] This is known as flat head syndrome, and there are 2 main types: plagiocephaly the head is flattened on one side, causing it to look asymmetrical; the ears may be misaligned and the head looks like a parallelogram when seen from above, and sometimes the forehead and face may bulge a little on the flat side […] brachycephaly the back of the head becomes flattened, causing the head to widen, and occasionally the forehead bulges out. […] These problems are quite common, affecting around 1 in every 5 babies at some point. […] In most cases they are not a major cause for concern, as they do not have any effect on the brain and the head shape will often improve by itself over time.

• #4 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly is a flat spot on the back or side of a babys head. It is caused by pressure on the bones of the skull before or after birth. This usually happens because of the way a baby likes to lie in their first few months of life. […] By itself, a flat spot on a young babys head is generally not a concern. […] If the condition seems to be getting worse after 4 months, patients should be referred to a specialist for further evaluation. […] Providers should check the childs head for features like: bony ridges, flat areas, uneven forehead, two sides of the face that do not match each other (asymmetry), ears that look different from each other. […] If providers are unsure, they should not hesitate to refer a patient to Childrens Craniofacial Center. […] Recent studies by Childrens found increased developmental delays in infants, toddlers and preschoolers with positional plagiocephaly compared to children without positional plagiocephaly.

• #5 Advice on Diagnosing Plagiocephaly

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare-professionals/provider-news/diagnosing-plagiocephaly/

  Plagiocephaly is a flat spot on the back or side of a babys head. It is caused by pressure on the bones of the skull before or after birth. This usually happens because of the way a baby likes to lie in their first few months of life. […] By itself, a flat spot on a young babys head is generally not a concern. […] If the condition seems to be getting worse after 4 months, patients should be referred to a specialist for further evaluation. […] Providers should check the childs head for features like: bony ridges, flat areas, uneven forehead, two sides of the face that do not match each other (asymmetry), ears that look different from each other. […] If providers are unsure, they should not hesitate to refer a patient to Childrens Craniofacial Center. […] Recent studies by Childrens found increased developmental delays in infants, toddlers and preschoolers with positional plagiocephaly compared to children without positional plagiocephaly.

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