Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Iatrogenic pneumothorax related to mechanical ventilation

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v3/i1/8.htm

  Pneumothorax is a potentially lethal complication associated with mechanical ventilation. […] Prompt recognition and treatment of pneumothorax is important to minimize morbidity and mortality. […] Pneumothorax was found to be an independent predictor of mortality during mechanical ventilation and was associated with a significant increase in the ICU length of stay, hospital stay and mortality in all mechanically ventilated patients. […] The mortality rates are high, ranging from 46% to 77% if barotrauma is a complication of mechanical ventilation. […] Most mechanically ventilated patients with a pneumothorax require tube thoracostomy placement because of the high risk of tension pneumothorax. […] Emergency needle decompression followed by tube thoracostomy is widely advocated. […] In critically ill patients with minimal pulmonary reserve, even a small pneumothorax can have adverse cardiopulmonary effects.

• #2 What Happens if Pneumothorax is Left Untreated

  https://drbelalbinasaf.com/blog/what-happens-if-pneumothorax-is-left-untreated/

  Leaving pneumothorax untreated can lead to several serious complications. […] If pneumothorax is not treated, the trapped air in the pleural space can increase, causing further collapse of the lung. […] A collapsed lung reduces the amount of oxygen that enters the bloodstream. […] If a large portion of the lung remains collapsed for an extended period, the body may struggle to maintain adequate oxygen levels. […] One of the most dangerous outcomes of untreated pneumothorax is the development of tension pneumothorax. […] As air accumulates in the pleural space, it can push the heart, trachea, and other structures in the chest cavity toward the opposite side of the body. […] If a pneumothorax is left untreated, the likelihood of recurrence increases. […] In some cases, untreated pneumothorax can lead to pneumomediastinum, a condition where air leaks into the mediastinum.

• #3 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Anyone who suffers from a collapsed lung will have to monitor their health to make sure it doesnt happen again. […] Avoiding air travel for the first week after a collapse is often suggested. […] Diving puts patients at high risk, so most doctors suggest permanently avoiding it. […] Also, people who smoke are at increased risk of a pneumothorax, so quitting is highly recommended.

• #4 Pneumothorax – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax

  Recurrence rates in large studies ranged from 19% to 29% at 1 year after initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax (1, 2), but higher in cases of secondary pneumothorax. […] The best preventive procedure is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in which blebs are stapled and pleurodesis is done with pleural abrasion, parietal pleurectomy, or talc insufflation; in some medical centers, thoracotomy is still used. […] These procedures are recommended in primary pneumothorax after a second occurrence, in some cases after a first episode (eg, tension pneumothorax, at-risk profession [eg, pilots, diving]), in secondary pneumothorax, or when initial treatment fails to resolve the pneumothorax with ongoing air leak. Recurrence after these procedures is reduced (3). […] If thoracoscopy cannot be done or is contraindicated, chemical pleurodesis through a chest tube may be done; this procedure, though much less invasive, reduces the recurrence rate.

• #5 Collapsed lung (pneumothorax) – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/collapsed-lung-pneumothorax

  There is no known way to prevent a collapsed lung. Following standard procedure can reduce the risk of a pneumothorax when scuba diving. You can decrease your risk by not smoking.

• #6 Pneumothorax primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Pneumothorax_primary_prevention

  Effective measures for the primary prevention of pneumothorax include preventive measures during driving such as wearing seat belts and performing invasive procedures involving pleura under ultrasound guidance to prevent pleural damage. […] Effective measures for the primary prevention of pneumothorax include: […] Wearing safety seat belts while driving. […] Passive restraint devices should be used while driving. […] While cannulating the subclavian vein, infraclavicular approach should be preferred to avoid tension pneumothorax. […] All the surgical procedures that can rupture pleura such as transbronchial and transthoracic interventions should be performed under ultrasound guidance.

• #7 What Does a Collapsed Lung Feel Like? Symptoms, Causes & Recovery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/article_em.htm

  How Can a Collapsed Lung Be Prevented? Avoidance is the key to prevention. If you are at risk, avoid cigarette smoking to help prevent spontaneous pneumothorax. […] Pneumothorax can occur spontaneously („out of the blue”, with or without underlying lung disease), follow a fractured rib, occur in the wake of chest surgery, or be deliberately induced in order to collapse the lung. Smoking has been shown to increase the risk for spontaneous pneumothorax.

• #8 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Anyone who suffers from a collapsed lung will have to monitor their health to make sure it doesnt happen again. […] Avoiding air travel for the first week after a collapse is often suggested. […] Diving puts patients at high risk, so most doctors suggest permanently avoiding it. […] Also, people who smoke are at increased risk of a pneumothorax, so quitting is highly recommended.

• #9 Pneumothorax – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/pneumothorax/

  The most important measure you can take to prevent pneumothorax is to avoid inhaled noxious substances such as smoking, marijuana or other inhaled drugs. […] Quitting smoking is medically recommended for smokers to prevent a relapse. Because if you continue to smoke, the risk of recurrence four years after the first pneumothorax is 70 percent. If you manage to stop smoking, the risk drops to 40 percent. […] You can also prevent pneumothorax if you have existing lung diseases, such as bronchial asthma or COPD, treated promptly and adequately. […] There are no special measures for the early detection of a pneumothorax. However, you should always consult your doctor promptly if you experience symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain. This is how you find out what is behind the complaints.

• #10 Pediatric Pneumothorax Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1003552-treatment

  It is strongly encouraged to avoid smoking exposure, and efforts should be directed at smoking cessation after the development of a pneumothorax. […] To decrease the risk of recurrence, children should avoid scuba diving. Additionally, on a temporary basis, 4 weeks after resolution of pneumothorax, all air travel, contact sports, and playing bass or woodwind musical instruments is to be avoided.

• #11 Pneumothorax – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/pneumothorax/

  The most important measure you can take to prevent pneumothorax is to avoid inhaled noxious substances such as smoking, marijuana or other inhaled drugs. […] Quitting smoking is medically recommended for smokers to prevent a relapse. Because if you continue to smoke, the risk of recurrence four years after the first pneumothorax is 70 percent. If you manage to stop smoking, the risk drops to 40 percent. […] You can also prevent pneumothorax if you have existing lung diseases, such as bronchial asthma or COPD, treated promptly and adequately. […] There are no special measures for the early detection of a pneumothorax. However, you should always consult your doctor promptly if you experience symptoms such as shortness of breath or chest pain. This is how you find out what is behind the complaints.

• #12 What Happens if Pneumothorax is Left Untreated

  https://drbelalbinasaf.com/blog/what-happens-if-pneumothorax-is-left-untreated/

  Prolonged collapse of the lung can result in scarring of the lung tissue, a condition known as pulmonary fibrosis. […] To reduce the risk of recurrent pneumothorax, individuals can take several preventive measures: […] Smoking cessation is crucial in reducing the risk of bleb formation and future episodes of pneumothorax. […] Sudden changes in air pressure, such as those experienced at high altitudes or during air travel, can increase the risk of lung collapse. […] For individuals with a history of pneumothorax or underlying lung conditions, regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor lung health.

• #13 Pneumothorax – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax

  Recurrence rates in large studies ranged from 19% to 29% at 1 year after initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax (1, 2), but higher in cases of secondary pneumothorax. […] The best preventive procedure is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in which blebs are stapled and pleurodesis is done with pleural abrasion, parietal pleurectomy, or talc insufflation; in some medical centers, thoracotomy is still used. […] These procedures are recommended in primary pneumothorax after a second occurrence, in some cases after a first episode (eg, tension pneumothorax, at-risk profession [eg, pilots, diving]), in secondary pneumothorax, or when initial treatment fails to resolve the pneumothorax with ongoing air leak. Recurrence after these procedures is reduced (3). […] If thoracoscopy cannot be done or is contraindicated, chemical pleurodesis through a chest tube may be done; this procedure, though much less invasive, reduces the recurrence rate.

• #14 Recurrent Pneumothorax: Unraveling Causes, Prevention – Dr Arvind Kumar

  https://drarvindkumar.com/blog/recurrent-pneumothorax-causes-prevention-and-management.php

  Pneumothorax affects 18-28/100,000 cases per year for men and 1.2-6/100,000 for women, according to studies. […] This article will discuss more recurrent pneumothorax (with respect to spontaneous pneumothorax), its causes, prevention, and management. […] The aim of any surgical intervention for recurrent pneumothorax management is to: […] Prevent recurrence […] Recurrent pneumothorax prevention relies on the kind of treatment the patient is getting. In general, surgical interventions for treating pneumothorax reduce the risks of recurrence and offer the patient a better quality of life.

• #15 Pneumothorax Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Based on Risk Stratification, Options for Restoring Air-Free Pleural Space

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-treatment

  Strategies for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax include observation, surgical and nonsurgical pleurodesis, and bleb resection. Other important points to keep in mind include the following: […] The incidence of iatrogenic tension pneumothorax may be decreased with prophylactic insertion of a chest tube in patients with a simple pneumothorax that requires positive pressure ventilation. […] Pleurodesis decreases the risk of recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax, as does thoracotomy or VATS to excise the bullae.

• #16 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] Can a pneumothorax be prevented? […] If you’ve had a spontaneous pneumothorax, you’re at increased risk of having another one. […] Changes in air pressure can cause a repeat pneumothorax. Talk to your doctor before: travelling by airplane, travelling to high altitudes. […] If you’ve had a pneumothorax, your doctor will likely recommend against underwater diving. […] Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of having another pneumothorax. […] Some people will need a procedure called a pleurodesis to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax.

• #17 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Anyone who suffers from a collapsed lung will have to monitor their health to make sure it doesnt happen again. […] Avoiding air travel for the first week after a collapse is often suggested. […] Diving puts patients at high risk, so most doctors suggest permanently avoiding it. […] Also, people who smoke are at increased risk of a pneumothorax, so quitting is highly recommended.

• #18 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Anyone who suffers from a collapsed lung will have to monitor their health to make sure it doesnt happen again. […] Avoiding air travel for the first week after a collapse is often suggested. […] Diving puts patients at high risk, so most doctors suggest permanently avoiding it. […] Also, people who smoke are at increased risk of a pneumothorax, so quitting is highly recommended.

• #19 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] Can a pneumothorax be prevented? […] If you’ve had a spontaneous pneumothorax, you’re at increased risk of having another one. […] Changes in air pressure can cause a repeat pneumothorax. Talk to your doctor before: travelling by airplane, travelling to high altitudes. […] If you’ve had a pneumothorax, your doctor will likely recommend against underwater diving. […] Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of having another pneumothorax. […] Some people will need a procedure called a pleurodesis to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax.

• #20 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] Can a pneumothorax be prevented? […] If you’ve had a spontaneous pneumothorax, you’re at increased risk of having another one. […] Changes in air pressure can cause a repeat pneumothorax. Talk to your doctor before: travelling by airplane, travelling to high altitudes. […] If you’ve had a pneumothorax, your doctor will likely recommend against underwater diving. […] Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of having another pneumothorax. […] Some people will need a procedure called a pleurodesis to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax.

• #21 Pneumothorax – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumothorax-a-to-z

  Most cases of collapsed lung cannot be prevented. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of developing the types of lung disease associated with this problem. Wearing your seat belt in the car and avoiding other activities that put you at risk of chest injuries can help you to avoid a collapsed lung caused by trauma. […] To decrease the risk of a second collapsed lung again: Stop smoking. Avoid extreme changes in air pressure, such as from flying in unpressurized aircraft or scuba diving.

• #22 Pediatric Pneumothorax Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1003552-treatment

  It is strongly encouraged to avoid smoking exposure, and efforts should be directed at smoking cessation after the development of a pneumothorax. […] To decrease the risk of recurrence, children should avoid scuba diving. Additionally, on a temporary basis, 4 weeks after resolution of pneumothorax, all air travel, contact sports, and playing bass or woodwind musical instruments is to be avoided.

• #23 Recurrent Pneumothorax | Treatments at Neumark

  https://neumarksurgery.com/recurrent-pneumothorax/

  Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. […] Recognising these factors is crucial in developing effective prevention strategies and treatment plans and reducing patients spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence rates. […] Managing this condition is key to learning how to prevent pneumothorax recurrence. While its not always possible to eliminate the risk, several strategies can significantly reduce it: Smoking cessation is the single most important step patients can take towards recurrent pneumothorax prevention. […] Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding activities that dramatically change air pressure like scuba diving or unpressurised air travel can also help. […] Optimising the treatment of underlying lung conditions is crucial for patients with these conditions. That’s why surgical intervention may be recommended for recurrent pneumothorax treatment to prevent future episodes.

• #24 Atelectasis vs. pneumothorax: Compare causes, symptoms, & treatments

  https://www.singlecare.com/blog/atelectasis-vs-pneumothorax/

  The best ways to prevent atelectasis are to exercise regularly, practice deep breathing, and continue regular breathing after anesthesia. […] There is no way to fully prevent pneumothorax. However, smoking cessation is useful and limiting air pressure changes. The Aerospace Medical Association recommends avoiding air travel for two to three weeks after experiencing pneumothorax, and its best to consult a doctor before flying or scuba diving following pneumothorax.

• #25 Pneumothorax – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax

  A preventative procedure (thoracotomy or thoracoscopy with pleurodesis) may be recommended after an episode of pneumothorax, with the intention to prevent recurrence. […] These procedures are often recommended after the occurrence of a second pneumothorax. […] Surgery may need to be considered if someone has experienced pneumothorax on both sides („bilateral”), sequential episodes that involve both sides, or if an episode was associated with pregnancy.

• #26 Pneumothorax – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax

  Recurrence rates in large studies ranged from 19% to 29% at 1 year after initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax (1, 2), but higher in cases of secondary pneumothorax. […] The best preventive procedure is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in which blebs are stapled and pleurodesis is done with pleural abrasion, parietal pleurectomy, or talc insufflation; in some medical centers, thoracotomy is still used. […] These procedures are recommended in primary pneumothorax after a second occurrence, in some cases after a first episode (eg, tension pneumothorax, at-risk profession [eg, pilots, diving]), in secondary pneumothorax, or when initial treatment fails to resolve the pneumothorax with ongoing air leak. Recurrence after these procedures is reduced (3). […] If thoracoscopy cannot be done or is contraindicated, chemical pleurodesis through a chest tube may be done; this procedure, though much less invasive, reduces the recurrence rate.

• #27 Pneumothorax Treatments and Surgery

  https://www.thebhdfoundation.org/what-is-bhd/symptoms-treatments/60-lung-collapse-treatments-and-surgery

  Pleurodesis sticks the outside surface of the lung to the chest wall. This stops air or fluid from being able to build up on the outside of the lung. This prevents the lung from collapsing again. […] In mechanical pleurodesis, a surgeon uses a piece of gauze to gently scratch the surface of the chest wall (the pleura). This causes it to stick to the chest wall and helps prevent further pneumothoraces. […] A pleurectomy is when a surgeon peals away the inner lining of the chest wall (the pleura), which allows the lung to stick to the chest wall and preventing further pneumothoraces.

• #28 Pneumothorax Treatments and Surgery

  https://www.thebhdfoundation.org/what-is-bhd/symptoms-treatments/60-lung-collapse-treatments-and-surgery

  Pleurodesis sticks the outside surface of the lung to the chest wall. This stops air or fluid from being able to build up on the outside of the lung. This prevents the lung from collapsing again. […] In mechanical pleurodesis, a surgeon uses a piece of gauze to gently scratch the surface of the chest wall (the pleura). This causes it to stick to the chest wall and helps prevent further pneumothoraces. […] A pleurectomy is when a surgeon peals away the inner lining of the chest wall (the pleura), which allows the lung to stick to the chest wall and preventing further pneumothoraces.

• #29 Pneumothorax – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax

  Recurrence rates in large studies ranged from 19% to 29% at 1 year after initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax (1, 2), but higher in cases of secondary pneumothorax. […] The best preventive procedure is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in which blebs are stapled and pleurodesis is done with pleural abrasion, parietal pleurectomy, or talc insufflation; in some medical centers, thoracotomy is still used. […] These procedures are recommended in primary pneumothorax after a second occurrence, in some cases after a first episode (eg, tension pneumothorax, at-risk profession [eg, pilots, diving]), in secondary pneumothorax, or when initial treatment fails to resolve the pneumothorax with ongoing air leak. Recurrence after these procedures is reduced (3). […] If thoracoscopy cannot be done or is contraindicated, chemical pleurodesis through a chest tube may be done; this procedure, though much less invasive, reduces the recurrence rate.

• #30 Managing Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Treating Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/respiratory/congress-review/managing-spontaneous-pneumothorax-and-treating-severe-community-acquired-pneumonia/

  The panel recommended considering early surgery in patients with PSP who prioritise recurrence prevention. […] The guidelines concluded that autologous blood patch can be considered in PAL when patients are not fit for surgery. […] The guidelines further recommend the use of methylprednisolone, based on the balance of the evidenced literature. […] The analysis of the novel guidelines highlighted areas with large amounts of evidence, such as the management of PSP, where multiple treatment options are recommended for different situations, enabling the patients preference and priorities to be considered.

• #31 World Pneumothorax Day – The LAM Foundation

  https://www.thelamfoundation.org/world-pneumothorax-day/

  A pneumothorax, or lung collapse, is a leakage of air (pneumo) from a lung into the chest cavity (thorax). […] Because of this, pleurodesis intervention is recommended after the first occurrence of a pneumothorax. Pleurodesis is a procedure that adheres the outside of the lung to the inside of the chest cavity to prevent the lung from collapsing. […] The second objective is the prevention of recurrent pneumothoraces. Without treatment, there is a 70% chance of a recurring pneumothorax. With treatment, the risk is reduced to about 30%. Although pleurodesis isn’t a foolproof remedy against future pneumothoraces, it generally diminishes their likelihood and the severity of future pneumothoraces and can significantly improve quality of life.

• #32 Pneumothorax Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Based on Risk Stratification, Options for Restoring Air-Free Pleural Space

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-treatment

  Strategies for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax include observation, surgical and nonsurgical pleurodesis, and bleb resection. Other important points to keep in mind include the following: […] The incidence of iatrogenic tension pneumothorax may be decreased with prophylactic insertion of a chest tube in patients with a simple pneumothorax that requires positive pressure ventilation. […] Pleurodesis decreases the risk of recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax, as does thoracotomy or VATS to excise the bullae.

• #33 Pneumothorax – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax

  Recurrence rates in large studies ranged from 19% to 29% at 1 year after initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax (1, 2), but higher in cases of secondary pneumothorax. […] The best preventive procedure is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in which blebs are stapled and pleurodesis is done with pleural abrasion, parietal pleurectomy, or talc insufflation; in some medical centers, thoracotomy is still used. […] These procedures are recommended in primary pneumothorax after a second occurrence, in some cases after a first episode (eg, tension pneumothorax, at-risk profession [eg, pilots, diving]), in secondary pneumothorax, or when initial treatment fails to resolve the pneumothorax with ongoing air leak. Recurrence after these procedures is reduced (3). […] If thoracoscopy cannot be done or is contraindicated, chemical pleurodesis through a chest tube may be done; this procedure, though much less invasive, reduces the recurrence rate.

• #34 Pneumothorax – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/mediastinal-and-pleural-disorders/pneumothorax

  Recurrence rates in large studies ranged from 19% to 29% at 1 year after initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax (1, 2), but higher in cases of secondary pneumothorax. […] The best preventive procedure is video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in which blebs are stapled and pleurodesis is done with pleural abrasion, parietal pleurectomy, or talc insufflation; in some medical centers, thoracotomy is still used. […] These procedures are recommended in primary pneumothorax after a second occurrence, in some cases after a first episode (eg, tension pneumothorax, at-risk profession [eg, pilots, diving]), in secondary pneumothorax, or when initial treatment fails to resolve the pneumothorax with ongoing air leak. Recurrence after these procedures is reduced (3). […] If thoracoscopy cannot be done or is contraindicated, chemical pleurodesis through a chest tube may be done; this procedure, though much less invasive, reduces the recurrence rate.

• #35 Recurrent Pneumothorax | Treatments at Neumark

  https://neumarksurgery.com/recurrent-pneumothorax/

  The precision and comprehensiveness of U-VATS make it particularly effective in reducing the risk of pneumothorax recurrence after surgery. […] While the risk of recurrence is significantly reduced after surgery, its not eliminated. […] The key lies in a comprehensive approach: early recognition of symptoms, prompt treatment, effective prevention strategies, and, when necessary, state-of-the-art surgical interventions like U-VATS.

• #36 Spontaneous pneumothorax – surgical prevention – TrainerRoad

  https://www.trainerroad.com/forum/t/spontaneous-pneumothorax-surgical-prevention/72084

  Anyone here had surgery to prevent further spontaneous pneumothorax occurrences? […] The surgical procedure I am referencing has been described to me as follows: Video Assisted Thorascopy (VATS) where cardiothoracic surgeon makes a few button hole incisions, places cameras, deflates the lungs so they can excise/staple the blebs. […] Because spontaneous pneumothorax is most common in tall thin males, I suspect your surgeon has experience with treating athletes, so Id definitely follow their advice/experience on what to expect. […] TL:DR If they want you to do a bowel prep pre-op, expect a lot of immediate pain in the first few days. […] My understanding is that the procedure applies to the entire lung and the chance of recurrence thereafter is very, very low whereas now, with each recurrence it gets exponentially more likely.

• #37 Pneumothorax Treatments and Surgery

  https://www.thebhdfoundation.org/what-is-bhd/symptoms-treatments/60-lung-collapse-treatments-and-surgery

  Pleurodesis sticks the outside surface of the lung to the chest wall. This stops air or fluid from being able to build up on the outside of the lung. This prevents the lung from collapsing again. […] In mechanical pleurodesis, a surgeon uses a piece of gauze to gently scratch the surface of the chest wall (the pleura). This causes it to stick to the chest wall and helps prevent further pneumothoraces. […] A pleurectomy is when a surgeon peals away the inner lining of the chest wall (the pleura), which allows the lung to stick to the chest wall and preventing further pneumothoraces.

• #38 Recurrent Pneumothorax | Treatments at Neumark

  https://neumarksurgery.com/recurrent-pneumothorax/

  The precision and comprehensiveness of U-VATS make it particularly effective in reducing the risk of pneumothorax recurrence after surgery. […] While the risk of recurrence is significantly reduced after surgery, its not eliminated. […] The key lies in a comprehensive approach: early recognition of symptoms, prompt treatment, effective prevention strategies, and, when necessary, state-of-the-art surgical interventions like U-VATS.

• #39 Risk factors for recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax after thoracoscopic surgery – Asano – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/28891/html

  Surgery represents the most effective treatment for preventing recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax. […] The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for postoperative recurrence for primary spontaneous pneumothorax after thoracoscopic surgery. […] Preoperative identification of bullae on CT was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative recurrence in the univariate and multivariate analyses. […] The multivariate analysis indicated that a preoperative history of ipsilateral pneumothorax was a significant risk factor for recurrence after surgery. […] A history of ipsilateral pneumothorax, and negative preoperative identification of bullae on CT were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of pneumothorax.

• #40 Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Prevention with POCUS | FUJIFILM Sonosite

  https://www.sonosite.com/case-studies/improved-patient-care-ultrasound

  The prestigious Memorial Hermann Healthcare System achieved zero iatrogenic pneumothorax complications for one year. […] Multiple studies have demonstrated that ultrasound guidance improves the success rate and safety of invasive procedures including central venous lines, paracentesis and thoracentesis. […] Real-time ultrasound guidance significantly improves first-pass procedural success and improves patient safety for a number of needle-based procedures, including central lines, thoracentesis and paracentesis. […] For the 61,261 patients included in the analysis who underwent a thoracentesis, ultrasound guidance reduced the incidence of a pneumothorax by 19%. […] Based on this robust evidence, multiple government organizations and societies advocate ultrasound guidance: […] Sonosite is committed to quality care and partners with hospitals to achieve that goal. To facilitate the process, Sonosite has created the Central Line Management Program. This evidence-based program includes AHRQ, CDC and IHI recommendations and addresses both mechanical and infective complications of central venous catheters, allowing you to decrease: A) Accidental punctures causing pneumothorax, hemothorax, or carotid injury.

• #41 Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Prevention with POCUS | FUJIFILM Sonosite

  https://www.sonosite.com/case-studies/improved-patient-care-ultrasound

  The prestigious Memorial Hermann Healthcare System achieved zero iatrogenic pneumothorax complications for one year. […] Multiple studies have demonstrated that ultrasound guidance improves the success rate and safety of invasive procedures including central venous lines, paracentesis and thoracentesis. […] Real-time ultrasound guidance significantly improves first-pass procedural success and improves patient safety for a number of needle-based procedures, including central lines, thoracentesis and paracentesis. […] For the 61,261 patients included in the analysis who underwent a thoracentesis, ultrasound guidance reduced the incidence of a pneumothorax by 19%. […] Based on this robust evidence, multiple government organizations and societies advocate ultrasound guidance: […] Sonosite is committed to quality care and partners with hospitals to achieve that goal. To facilitate the process, Sonosite has created the Central Line Management Program. This evidence-based program includes AHRQ, CDC and IHI recommendations and addresses both mechanical and infective complications of central venous catheters, allowing you to decrease: A) Accidental punctures causing pneumothorax, hemothorax, or carotid injury.

• #42 Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Prevention with POCUS | FUJIFILM Sonosite

  https://www.sonosite.com/case-studies/improved-patient-care-ultrasound

  The prestigious Memorial Hermann Healthcare System achieved zero iatrogenic pneumothorax complications for one year. […] Multiple studies have demonstrated that ultrasound guidance improves the success rate and safety of invasive procedures including central venous lines, paracentesis and thoracentesis. […] Real-time ultrasound guidance significantly improves first-pass procedural success and improves patient safety for a number of needle-based procedures, including central lines, thoracentesis and paracentesis. […] For the 61,261 patients included in the analysis who underwent a thoracentesis, ultrasound guidance reduced the incidence of a pneumothorax by 19%. […] Based on this robust evidence, multiple government organizations and societies advocate ultrasound guidance: […] Sonosite is committed to quality care and partners with hospitals to achieve that goal. To facilitate the process, Sonosite has created the Central Line Management Program. This evidence-based program includes AHRQ, CDC and IHI recommendations and addresses both mechanical and infective complications of central venous catheters, allowing you to decrease: A) Accidental punctures causing pneumothorax, hemothorax, or carotid injury.

• #43 Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Prevention with POCUS | FUJIFILM Sonosite

  https://www.sonosite.com/case-studies/improved-patient-care-ultrasound

  The prestigious Memorial Hermann Healthcare System achieved zero iatrogenic pneumothorax complications for one year. […] Multiple studies have demonstrated that ultrasound guidance improves the success rate and safety of invasive procedures including central venous lines, paracentesis and thoracentesis. […] Real-time ultrasound guidance significantly improves first-pass procedural success and improves patient safety for a number of needle-based procedures, including central lines, thoracentesis and paracentesis. […] For the 61,261 patients included in the analysis who underwent a thoracentesis, ultrasound guidance reduced the incidence of a pneumothorax by 19%. […] Based on this robust evidence, multiple government organizations and societies advocate ultrasound guidance: […] Sonosite is committed to quality care and partners with hospitals to achieve that goal. To facilitate the process, Sonosite has created the Central Line Management Program. This evidence-based program includes AHRQ, CDC and IHI recommendations and addresses both mechanical and infective complications of central venous catheters, allowing you to decrease: A) Accidental punctures causing pneumothorax, hemothorax, or carotid injury.

• #44

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00270-013-0823-8

  To determine the effect of embolization with absorbable gelatin sponge slurry on the incidence of pneumothorax (PTX) and need for chest tube placement after percutaneous lung biopsy. […] Although tract embolization did not significantly decrease the chances of developing PTX (p = 0.06), it did decrease the likelihood of progressing to requiring chest tube insertion. […] Embolization of the needle tract during percutaneous lung biopsy with gelfoam slurry significantly decreased the odds of requiring a chest tube for PTX and should be considered for all patients, particularly those with emphysema and deep lesions.

• #45 Pneumothorax induced by transthoracic needle biopsy | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/pneumothorax-induced-by-computed-tomography-guided-transthoracic-needl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  Pneumothorax and hemoptysis are the most common complications of percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. […] Attention to biopsy planning and technique and post-biopsy precautions help to prevent or minimize potential complications. […] Many measures can be taken to help prevent the progression of a pneumothorax, which in turn might reduce the number of pneumothoraces requiring chest tube placement. […] Biopsy side down positioning of the patient after biopsy significantly reduces the incidence of pneumothorax and the requirement of chest tube placement. […] Clinicians are encouraged to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of pneumothorax. […] Efforts should be made to reduce the incidence of pneumothorax in biopsy planning and post-biopsy precautions. […] It is suggested that immediately after completing the procedure, patients should be positioned in a biopsy side down position for at least 1 hour.

• #46 Pneumothorax induced by transthoracic needle biopsy | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/pneumothorax-induced-by-computed-tomography-guided-transthoracic-needl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  Pneumothorax and hemoptysis are the most common complications of percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. […] Attention to biopsy planning and technique and post-biopsy precautions help to prevent or minimize potential complications. […] Many measures can be taken to help prevent the progression of a pneumothorax, which in turn might reduce the number of pneumothoraces requiring chest tube placement. […] Biopsy side down positioning of the patient after biopsy significantly reduces the incidence of pneumothorax and the requirement of chest tube placement. […] Clinicians are encouraged to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of pneumothorax. […] Efforts should be made to reduce the incidence of pneumothorax in biopsy planning and post-biopsy precautions. […] It is suggested that immediately after completing the procedure, patients should be positioned in a biopsy side down position for at least 1 hour.

• #47 Prevention of pneumothorax in needle lung biopsy by breathing 100% oxygen | Thorax

  https://thorax.bmj.com/content/35/1/37

  In an attempt to decrease pneumothorax after transthoracic needle lung biopsy we evaluated the effect of breathing 100% oxygen during the procedure. […] We conclude that 100% oxygen breathing during transthoracic needle biopsy decreases the number and size of pneumothoraces and propose this simple technique to decrease the morbidity of transthoracic needle lung biopsy.

• #48 Pneumothorax induced by transthoracic needle biopsy | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/pneumothorax-induced-by-computed-tomography-guided-transthoracic-needl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  It was noted that the time between removal of the needle and placing the patient biopsy-side down position influences the incidence of pneumothoraces. […] The biopsy side down positioning for aspiration, which offers a solution for patients who remain with resistant pneumothorax after simple aspiration, is worth trying before chest tube placement. […] The recommended algorithmic approach for the treatment of lung biopsy-induced pneumothorax is shown in Figure 3. The decision is based on a combination of patient symptoms, pneumothorax size, and underlying cardiopulmonary disease.

• #49 Pneumothorax induced by transthoracic needle biopsy | IJGM

  https://www.dovepress.com/pneumothorax-induced-by-computed-tomography-guided-transthoracic-needl-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

  Pneumothorax and hemoptysis are the most common complications of percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. […] Attention to biopsy planning and technique and post-biopsy precautions help to prevent or minimize potential complications. […] Many measures can be taken to help prevent the progression of a pneumothorax, which in turn might reduce the number of pneumothoraces requiring chest tube placement. […] Biopsy side down positioning of the patient after biopsy significantly reduces the incidence of pneumothorax and the requirement of chest tube placement. […] Clinicians are encouraged to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of pneumothorax. […] Efforts should be made to reduce the incidence of pneumothorax in biopsy planning and post-biopsy precautions. […] It is suggested that immediately after completing the procedure, patients should be positioned in a biopsy side down position for at least 1 hour.

• #50 Pneumothorax Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Based on Risk Stratification, Options for Restoring Air-Free Pleural Space

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-treatment

  Strategies for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax include observation, surgical and nonsurgical pleurodesis, and bleb resection. Other important points to keep in mind include the following: […] The incidence of iatrogenic tension pneumothorax may be decreased with prophylactic insertion of a chest tube in patients with a simple pneumothorax that requires positive pressure ventilation. […] Pleurodesis decreases the risk of recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax, as does thoracotomy or VATS to excise the bullae.

• #51 Iatrogenic pneumothorax related to mechanical ventilation

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v3/i1/8.htm

  Pneumothorax is a potentially lethal complication associated with mechanical ventilation. […] Prompt recognition and treatment of pneumothorax is important to minimize morbidity and mortality. […] Pneumothorax was found to be an independent predictor of mortality during mechanical ventilation and was associated with a significant increase in the ICU length of stay, hospital stay and mortality in all mechanically ventilated patients. […] The mortality rates are high, ranging from 46% to 77% if barotrauma is a complication of mechanical ventilation. […] Most mechanically ventilated patients with a pneumothorax require tube thoracostomy placement because of the high risk of tension pneumothorax. […] Emergency needle decompression followed by tube thoracostomy is widely advocated. […] In critically ill patients with minimal pulmonary reserve, even a small pneumothorax can have adverse cardiopulmonary effects.

• #52 Iatrogenic pneumothorax related to mechanical ventilation

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v3/i1/8.htm

  Positive pressure ventilation can exacerbate air leaks and prevent pleural healing, potentially causing a rapid increase in the size and severity of existing pneumothorax. […] The traditional treatment for pneumothorax in mechanically ventilated patients has been chest tube thoracostomy, an image-guided small catheter whose size ranges from 7 to 10 Fr, to become an effective therapeutic option for pneumothorax. […] Muscle relaxants might be effective to decrease the incidence of pneumothorax for patients with ARDS. […] Pneumothorax is a medical emergency and a disease with a high mortality rate; it requires a careful awareness, prompt recognition and intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality.

• #53 Etiology and prevention of neonatal pneumothorax

  http://www.zgddek.com/EN/abstract/abstract13130.shtml

  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors and preventative measures for neonatal pneumothorax. […] Strict management of indications for cesarean section, keeping PIP at a low level during mechanical ventilation, and use of pulmonary surfactant are helpful in preventing neonatal pneumothorax.

• #54 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p02397

  Even when the air pressure and settings on mechanical ventilators are carefully watched, air leaks can still happen. […] Your baby’s care team will watch your baby carefully for signs of an air leak. If that occurs, treatment can be started as quickly as possible.

• #55 Radical surgery for intractable thoracic empyema complicating traumatic pneumothorax and rib fractures | Surgical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40792-023-01765-x

  Few cases of traumatic pneumothorax complicated by thoracic empyema have been reported. The indication of antibiotic prophylaxis administration for traumatic pneumothorax during tube thoracostomy remains controversial, and thoracic injury complicated by empyema can be life-threatening and intractable. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis for traumatic pneumothorax with tube thoracotomy should therefore be considered in select cases. The strategy for thoracic injury requires the assumption of an occult thoracic infection and chest wall instability. […] The present case highlights the fact that traumatic pneumothorax can be complicated by empyema, which is a potentially intractable and life-threatening situation. As published papers indicate, antibiotic administration in tube thoracotomy can be recommended in select cases, such as persistent pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, multiple rib fractures including clavicle fractures, obesity, and long chest tube management, and early surgical intervention in thoracic injury can be effective if surgery is indicated.

• #56 Radical surgery for intractable thoracic empyema complicating traumatic pneumothorax and rib fractures | Surgical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40792-023-01765-x

  Few cases of traumatic pneumothorax complicated by thoracic empyema have been reported. The indication of antibiotic prophylaxis administration for traumatic pneumothorax during tube thoracostomy remains controversial, and thoracic injury complicated by empyema can be life-threatening and intractable. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis for traumatic pneumothorax with tube thoracotomy should therefore be considered in select cases. The strategy for thoracic injury requires the assumption of an occult thoracic infection and chest wall instability. […] The present case highlights the fact that traumatic pneumothorax can be complicated by empyema, which is a potentially intractable and life-threatening situation. As published papers indicate, antibiotic administration in tube thoracotomy can be recommended in select cases, such as persistent pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, multiple rib fractures including clavicle fractures, obesity, and long chest tube management, and early surgical intervention in thoracic injury can be effective if surgery is indicated.

• #57 Radical surgery for intractable thoracic empyema complicating traumatic pneumothorax and rib fractures | Surgical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40792-023-01765-x

  Few cases of traumatic pneumothorax complicated by thoracic empyema have been reported. The indication of antibiotic prophylaxis administration for traumatic pneumothorax during tube thoracostomy remains controversial, and thoracic injury complicated by empyema can be life-threatening and intractable. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis for traumatic pneumothorax with tube thoracotomy should therefore be considered in select cases. The strategy for thoracic injury requires the assumption of an occult thoracic infection and chest wall instability. […] The present case highlights the fact that traumatic pneumothorax can be complicated by empyema, which is a potentially intractable and life-threatening situation. As published papers indicate, antibiotic administration in tube thoracotomy can be recommended in select cases, such as persistent pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, multiple rib fractures including clavicle fractures, obesity, and long chest tube management, and early surgical intervention in thoracic injury can be effective if surgery is indicated.

• #58 Efficacy of sirolimus for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a case series | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-018-0915-2

  The efficacy of conservative treatment and pleurodesis for the prevention of pneumothorax recurrence in patients with LAM remains unsatisfactory. […] Therefore, it is necessary for physicians to identify an effective drug that can prevent the relapse of pneumothorax and improve the quality of life. […] The findings from the five cases reported here suggest that sirolimus is a promising and effective drug for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with LAM. […] The potential benefits of sirolimus treatment for patients with LAM and recurrent pneumothorax include an improvement in lung function and the quality of life, an increase in the exercise capacity, and a decrease in the healthcare burden. […] During treatment with sirolimus, however, no patient developed pneumothorax. […] The findings from our case series suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with LAM. However, further studies are necessary to clarify our findings.

• #59 Efficacy of sirolimus for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a case series | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-018-0915-2

  The efficacy of conservative treatment and pleurodesis for the prevention of pneumothorax recurrence in patients with LAM remains unsatisfactory. […] Therefore, it is necessary for physicians to identify an effective drug that can prevent the relapse of pneumothorax and improve the quality of life. […] The findings from the five cases reported here suggest that sirolimus is a promising and effective drug for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with LAM. […] The potential benefits of sirolimus treatment for patients with LAM and recurrent pneumothorax include an improvement in lung function and the quality of life, an increase in the exercise capacity, and a decrease in the healthcare burden. […] During treatment with sirolimus, however, no patient developed pneumothorax. […] The findings from our case series suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with LAM. However, further studies are necessary to clarify our findings.

• #60 Pneumothorax: Finding and Fixing the Leak | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/critical-care/acute-disorders/pneumothorax-finding-and-fixing-the-leak/

  Prevention of recurrence of a PSP: In a review article from Clinics in Chest Medicine, pneumothorax recurred in some 27% of a group of 124 adults who had a PSP; 85% of the consensus-guidelines expert-panel members recommended not taking steps to prevent recurrence. The remaining members recommended taking steps to prevent recurrence after the first pneumothorax. However, if the patient planned to continue activities that increased the risk of recurrence (for example, scuba diving or flying), then an intervention should be offered after the first occurrence. If the patient is at high risk or has a recurrence of the pneumothorax, the consensus recommends thoracoscopy and staple bullectomy followed by pleurodesis to stop the problem. […] Prevention of recurrence of a SSP: 81% of the expert panel members recommended thoracoscopy and staple bullectomy followed by pleurodesis to stop the problem for all patients who have a SSP. This high percentage of agreement among the experts is based on the potential for a second pneumothorax in this group of patients to result in their death. Loss of functional lung tissue by atelectasis due to pneumothorax puts an enormous strain on the body, and a recurring pneumothorax on top of existing lung disease carries an increased risk of dying.

• #61 Pneumothorax: Finding and Fixing the Leak | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/critical-care/acute-disorders/pneumothorax-finding-and-fixing-the-leak/

  Prevention of recurrence of a PSP: In a review article from Clinics in Chest Medicine, pneumothorax recurred in some 27% of a group of 124 adults who had a PSP; 85% of the consensus-guidelines expert-panel members recommended not taking steps to prevent recurrence. The remaining members recommended taking steps to prevent recurrence after the first pneumothorax. However, if the patient planned to continue activities that increased the risk of recurrence (for example, scuba diving or flying), then an intervention should be offered after the first occurrence. If the patient is at high risk or has a recurrence of the pneumothorax, the consensus recommends thoracoscopy and staple bullectomy followed by pleurodesis to stop the problem. […] Prevention of recurrence of a SSP: 81% of the expert panel members recommended thoracoscopy and staple bullectomy followed by pleurodesis to stop the problem for all patients who have a SSP. This high percentage of agreement among the experts is based on the potential for a second pneumothorax in this group of patients to result in their death. Loss of functional lung tissue by atelectasis due to pneumothorax puts an enormous strain on the body, and a recurring pneumothorax on top of existing lung disease carries an increased risk of dying.

• #62 Pneumothorax: Finding and Fixing the Leak | Respiratory Therapy

  https://respiratory-therapy.com/disorders-diseases/critical-care/acute-disorders/pneumothorax-finding-and-fixing-the-leak/

  Prevention of recurrence of a PSP: In a review article from Clinics in Chest Medicine, pneumothorax recurred in some 27% of a group of 124 adults who had a PSP; 85% of the consensus-guidelines expert-panel members recommended not taking steps to prevent recurrence. The remaining members recommended taking steps to prevent recurrence after the first pneumothorax. However, if the patient planned to continue activities that increased the risk of recurrence (for example, scuba diving or flying), then an intervention should be offered after the first occurrence. If the patient is at high risk or has a recurrence of the pneumothorax, the consensus recommends thoracoscopy and staple bullectomy followed by pleurodesis to stop the problem. […] Prevention of recurrence of a SSP: 81% of the expert panel members recommended thoracoscopy and staple bullectomy followed by pleurodesis to stop the problem for all patients who have a SSP. This high percentage of agreement among the experts is based on the potential for a second pneumothorax in this group of patients to result in their death. Loss of functional lung tissue by atelectasis due to pneumothorax puts an enormous strain on the body, and a recurring pneumothorax on top of existing lung disease carries an increased risk of dying.

• #63 Spontaneous Pneumothorax; a Collapse in Management? – Irish Medical Journal

  https://imj.ie/spontaneous-pneumothorax-a-collapse-in-management/

  Revised guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothoraces were published by the British Thoracic Society in 2010, however compliance remains poor. […] Initial treatment is directed at removing air from the pleural space, with subsequent management focused on preventing recurrence. […] Advice on prevention and an early outpatient review is paramount to ensure a favourable outcome. […] The rate of documentation as to whether advice was given to patients prior to discharge with regards to preventative strategies for pneumothorax recurrence, for example smoking cessation, flying etc, was noted to be low. […] Introduction of a patient discharge advice leaflet may provide a cost effective means to prevent these complications.

• #64 Spontaneous Pneumothorax; a Collapse in Management? – Irish Medical Journal

  https://imj.ie/spontaneous-pneumothorax-a-collapse-in-management/

  Revised guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothoraces were published by the British Thoracic Society in 2010, however compliance remains poor. […] Initial treatment is directed at removing air from the pleural space, with subsequent management focused on preventing recurrence. […] Advice on prevention and an early outpatient review is paramount to ensure a favourable outcome. […] The rate of documentation as to whether advice was given to patients prior to discharge with regards to preventative strategies for pneumothorax recurrence, for example smoking cessation, flying etc, was noted to be low. […] Introduction of a patient discharge advice leaflet may provide a cost effective means to prevent these complications.

• #65 Can a Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax ) Kill You

  https://drbelalbinasaf.com/blog/can-a-collapsed-lung-kill-you/

  For individuals who have experienced pneumothorax, especially if spontaneous, avoiding smoking and high altitudes can reduce the risk of recurrence. […] People with lung diseases should manage their condition effectively to minimize their chances of developing a collapsed lung.

• #66 Collapsed Lung (Atelectasis) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/collapsed-lung-atelectasis.html

  Preventing a collapsed lung is as important as treating one. These help avoid a collapsed lung: […] Patients who smoke should stop six to eight weeks before surgery […] After surgery, patients should breathe deeply, cough regularly and move about as soon as possible. Certain exercises, such as changing positions to help the lungs drain, or devices to encourage voluntary deep breathing (incentive spirometry) also help. […] Patients with a deformed chest or nerve condition that causes shallow breathing might need help breathing. Continuous positive airway pressure delivers oxygen through the nose or a facemask. This ensures the airways do not collapse even during the pause between breaths. Sometimes a mechanical ventilator is needed.

• #67 Managing Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Treating Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/respiratory/congress-review/managing-spontaneous-pneumothorax-and-treating-severe-community-acquired-pneumonia/

  THE FIRST European guidelines for the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) were presented in a symposium session delivered at the European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2023 on the 9th13th of September in Milan, Italy. […] The guidelines include recommendations for the optimal management of both acute pneumothorax and PAL, focusing on optimal practice for recurrence prevention. […] Based on this evidence, the new guidelines recommend conservative management for PSP in select cases, regardless of pneumothorax size, where there is minimal breathlessness, and clinical and radiological stability. […] The panel recommended needle aspiration over chest drain for the initial treatment of PSP. […] The guidelines advised ambulatory management for PSP, adding the caveat that this should only be used in centres where there is appropriate expertise, and procedures to manage patients as outpatients.

• #68 Managing Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Treating Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/respiratory/congress-review/managing-spontaneous-pneumothorax-and-treating-severe-community-acquired-pneumonia/

  THE FIRST European guidelines for the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) were presented in a symposium session delivered at the European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2023 on the 9th13th of September in Milan, Italy. […] The guidelines include recommendations for the optimal management of both acute pneumothorax and PAL, focusing on optimal practice for recurrence prevention. […] Based on this evidence, the new guidelines recommend conservative management for PSP in select cases, regardless of pneumothorax size, where there is minimal breathlessness, and clinical and radiological stability. […] The panel recommended needle aspiration over chest drain for the initial treatment of PSP. […] The guidelines advised ambulatory management for PSP, adding the caveat that this should only be used in centres where there is appropriate expertise, and procedures to manage patients as outpatients.

• #69 Managing Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Treating Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/respiratory/congress-review/managing-spontaneous-pneumothorax-and-treating-severe-community-acquired-pneumonia/

  The panel recommended considering early surgery in patients with PSP who prioritise recurrence prevention. […] The guidelines concluded that autologous blood patch can be considered in PAL when patients are not fit for surgery. […] The guidelines further recommend the use of methylprednisolone, based on the balance of the evidenced literature. […] The analysis of the novel guidelines highlighted areas with large amounts of evidence, such as the management of PSP, where multiple treatment options are recommended for different situations, enabling the patients preference and priorities to be considered.

• #70 Recurrent Pneumothorax | Treatments at Neumark

  https://neumarksurgery.com/recurrent-pneumothorax/

  The precision and comprehensiveness of U-VATS make it particularly effective in reducing the risk of pneumothorax recurrence after surgery. […] While the risk of recurrence is significantly reduced after surgery, its not eliminated. […] The key lies in a comprehensive approach: early recognition of symptoms, prompt treatment, effective prevention strategies, and, when necessary, state-of-the-art surgical interventions like U-VATS.

• #71 Recurrent Pneumothorax | Treatments at Neumark

  https://neumarksurgery.com/recurrent-pneumothorax/

  Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. […] Recognising these factors is crucial in developing effective prevention strategies and treatment plans and reducing patients spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence rates. […] Managing this condition is key to learning how to prevent pneumothorax recurrence. While its not always possible to eliminate the risk, several strategies can significantly reduce it: Smoking cessation is the single most important step patients can take towards recurrent pneumothorax prevention. […] Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding activities that dramatically change air pressure like scuba diving or unpressurised air travel can also help. […] Optimising the treatment of underlying lung conditions is crucial for patients with these conditions. That’s why surgical intervention may be recommended for recurrent pneumothorax treatment to prevent future episodes.

• #72 Efficacy of Commercial Chest Seal Adherence and Tension Pneumothorax Prevention: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies – Journal of Special Operations Medicine

  https://jsomonline.org/product/efficacy-of-commercial-chest-seal-adherence-and-tension-pneumothorax-prevention-a-systematic-review-of-quantitative-studies/

  Efficacy of Commercial Chest Seal Adherence and Tension Pneumothorax Prevention: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies Paquette R, Quinene M, Blackbourne LH, Allen PB 21(3). 78 Publication Type: Journal Article (Feature Articles) […] Current recommendations are to use commercially available nonocclusive chest seals. […] Synthesis of all studies results suggests a consensus recommendation for the Hyfin Vent Chest Seal and Russell Chest Seal. These two were the most effective chest seals, as previously investigated in a quantifiable, experimental study. […] While chest seals are recommended in civilian and military prehospital medicine to improve patient survival, current evidence concerning the individual devices efficacy is limited. Further scientific, quantitative research is needed to clarify which commercially available chest seals are most effective and provide patients with penetrating chest trauma the best possible method for preventing or mitigating tension pneumothoraces.

• #73 Efficacy of sirolimus for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a case series | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-018-0915-2

  The efficacy of conservative treatment and pleurodesis for the prevention of pneumothorax recurrence in patients with LAM remains unsatisfactory. […] Therefore, it is necessary for physicians to identify an effective drug that can prevent the relapse of pneumothorax and improve the quality of life. […] The findings from the five cases reported here suggest that sirolimus is a promising and effective drug for the prevention of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with LAM. […] The potential benefits of sirolimus treatment for patients with LAM and recurrent pneumothorax include an improvement in lung function and the quality of life, an increase in the exercise capacity, and a decrease in the healthcare burden. […] During treatment with sirolimus, however, no patient developed pneumothorax. […] The findings from our case series suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with LAM. However, further studies are necessary to clarify our findings.

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