Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pneumothorax – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367

  The main symptoms of a pneumothorax are sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. Severity of symptoms may depend on how much of the lung is collapsed. […] Symptoms usually include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. On some occasions, a collapsed lung can be a life-threatening event. […] Symptoms of a pneumothorax can be caused by a variety of health problems, and some can be life-threatening, so seek medical attention. If your chest pain is severe or breathing becomes increasingly difficult, get immediate emergency care.

• #2 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15304-collapsed-lung-pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air gets inside your chest cavity and creates pressure against your lung, causing it to collapse partially or fully. […] Go to the nearest emergency department if you have symptoms of a pneumothorax, including difficulty breathing, chest pain or blue skin, nails or lips. […] Signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax include: Chest pain on one side, especially when taking breaths. […] Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Bluish skin, lips or nails (cyanosis). […] If you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, go to the nearest emergency room. You may need immediate care. […] Some cases of pneumothorax are life-threatening. A collapsed lung should always be monitored by a healthcare provider.

• #3 Pneumothorax – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax

  Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. […] The most common findings in people with tension pneumothorax are chest pain and respiratory distress, often with an increased heart rate (tachycardia) and rapid breathing (tachypnea) in the initial stages. […] Symptoms in SSPs tend to be more severe than in PSPs, as the unaffected lungs are generally unable to replace the loss of function in the affected lungs. Hypoxemia (decreased blood-oxygen levels) is usually present and may be observed as cyanosis (blue discoloration of the lips and skin). […] Tension pneumothorax is generally considered to be present when a pneumothorax leads to significant impairment of respiration and/or blood circulation. […] Tension pneumothorax tends to occur in clinical situations such as ventilation, resuscitation, trauma, or in people with lung disease.

• #4 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Symptoms normally come on almost immediately and commonly begin with chest pain. Other signals that the problem may be a collapsed lung are: […] Sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens when trying to breath in […] Shortness of breath […] Bluish skin caused by a lack of oxygen […] Fatigue […] Rapid breathing and heartbeat […] A dry, hacking cough.

• #5 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. […] The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation of a pneumothorax can range anywhere from asymptomatic to chest pain and shortness of breath. A tension pneumothorax can cause severe hypotension (obstructive shock) and even death. Increased central venous pressure can result in distended neck veins and hypotension. Patients may have tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. […] In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the patient is minimally symptomatic, as otherwise healthy individuals tolerate physiologic consequences well. The most common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain is pleuritic, sharp, severe, and radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder. In SSP, dyspnea is more potent because of decreased underlying lung reserve.

• #6 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/signs-symptoms/chest-pain-leaflet/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is sometimes called a „collapsed lung” and it describes the condition in which air has become trapped next to a lung. […] The most common symptom is a sudden sharp chest pain followed by pains on breathing in. Some people become breathless. […] The typical symptom is a sharp sudden stabbing pain on one side of the chest. […] The pain is usually made worse by breathing in (inspiration). […] Breathlessness may occur, particularly in a large pneumothorax. […] Tension pneumothorax causes shortness of breath that quickly becomes more and more severe. This occurs because the tear on the lung is acting like a one-way valve. […] In a tension pneumothorax, high-pressure air inside the pleural space can cause respiratory failure (inability to breathe) and ultimately a cardiac arrest (the heart stopping beating). A tension pneumothorax can be lethal if not treated urgently.

• #7 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/collapsed-lung

  If pneumothorax results from trauma, the symptoms often appear at the time of the injury or shortly after. Symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax might appear when a person is at rest. A sudden attack of chest pain is often the first symptom. […] Symptoms may include: a sudden, sharp, stabbing pain in the chest, rapid breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), turning blue, known as cyanosis, a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, lung expansion on one side, a hollow sound if you tap on the chest, an enlarged jugular vein, anxiety, fatigue. […] Pneumothorax can lead to a number of complications, some of which can be life-threatening. […] Tension pneumothorax can quickly progress to: an inability to breathe, cardiovascular collapse, death. […] Most cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax resolve with observation or minimal treatment. It’s rarely life-threatening. But there’s a 30 percent chance that this type will recur within 5 years, and the risk of recurrence increases each time it happens.

• #8 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. […] The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation of a pneumothorax can range anywhere from asymptomatic to chest pain and shortness of breath. A tension pneumothorax can cause severe hypotension (obstructive shock) and even death. Increased central venous pressure can result in distended neck veins and hypotension. Patients may have tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. […] In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the patient is minimally symptomatic, as otherwise healthy individuals tolerate physiologic consequences well. The most common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain is pleuritic, sharp, severe, and radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder. In SSP, dyspnea is more potent because of decreased underlying lung reserve.

• #9 Pneumothorax – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/pneumothorax

  Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chest pain. […] Symptoms vary greatly depending on how much air enters the pleural space, how much of the lung collapses, and the persons lung function before the pneumothorax occurred. They range from none to a little shortness of breath or chest pain to severe shortness of breath, shock, and life-threatening cardiac arrest. […] Most often, sharp chest pain and shortness of breath and occasionally a dry hacking cough begin suddenly. Pain may also be felt in the shoulder, neck, or abdomen. Symptoms tend to be less severe in a slowly developing pneumothorax than in a rapidly developing one. […] Unless the pneumothorax is very large or accumulates under pressure, collapsing major blood vessels in the chest (a tension pneumothorax), symptoms usually subside as the body adapts to the lung collapse, and the lung slowly begins to reinflate as the air is reabsorbed from the pleural space.

• #10 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Symptoms normally come on almost immediately and commonly begin with chest pain. Other signals that the problem may be a collapsed lung are: […] Sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens when trying to breath in […] Shortness of breath […] Bluish skin caused by a lack of oxygen […] Fatigue […] Rapid breathing and heartbeat […] A dry, hacking cough.

• #11 Spontaneous Pneumothorax | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/spontaneous-pneumothorax

  Spontaneous pneumothorax most commonly presents without severe symptoms. […] Patients with a collapsed lung may experience a sudden onset of the following symptoms: Sharp chest pain, made worse by a deep breath or a cough. Shortness of breath. […] A larger pneumothorax will cause more severe symptoms, including: Chest tightness, Easy fatigue, Rapid heart rate, Bluish color of the skin caused by lack of oxygen, Nasal flaring, Chest wall retractions. […] If your child has a sudden onset of shortness of breath or sharp chest pain that is worsened by breathing, go to the Emergency Department to be evaluated or call 911.

• #12 Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/pneumothorax-collapsed-lung

  A pneumothorax is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax happens when air leaks into the pleural cavity. This is the space between the outside of your lung and your ribcage. A small pneumothorax may cause few or no symptoms. A large pneumothorax can squash the lung and cause it to collapse. […] Symptoms include: a sudden, sharp stabbing pain in your chest or shoulder, chest pain that gets worse when you breathe in, breathlessness, a dry cough. […] You might also hear or feel clicking, bubbling, or crunching in your chest.

• #13 Punctured Lung Symptoms

  https://www.thebhdfoundation.org/what-is-bhd/symptoms-treatments/75-lung-collapse-symptoms

  Some symptoms of a pneumothorax (also known as a punctured lung) include: Sudden, sharp chest or shoulder pain […] Chest pain that gets worse when breathing in and doesnt subside after several minutes […] Shortness of breath […] Tightness in the chest […] A sensation of clicking, bubbling, or crunching inside the chest […] If you have one or more or more of these symptoms, it is important you get medical attention as soon as possible, preferably from an Emergency Department at a hospital. Here, the doctors will be able to see if you are having a pneumothorax and will be able to give you appropriate treatment.

• #14 Spontaneous Pneumothorax | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/spontaneous-pneumothorax

  Spontaneous pneumothorax most commonly presents without severe symptoms. […] Patients with a collapsed lung may experience a sudden onset of the following symptoms: Sharp chest pain, made worse by a deep breath or a cough. Shortness of breath. […] A larger pneumothorax will cause more severe symptoms, including: Chest tightness, Easy fatigue, Rapid heart rate, Bluish color of the skin caused by lack of oxygen, Nasal flaring, Chest wall retractions. […] If your child has a sudden onset of shortness of breath or sharp chest pain that is worsened by breathing, go to the Emergency Department to be evaluated or call 911.

• #15 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] The most common symptoms are sharp chest pain and breathing problems. […] Symptoms and signs of a tension pneumothorax can include: severe distress, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, fast and shallow breathing, cyanosis (blueish lips and skin), sweating, low blood pressure. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] If you have trouble breathing or chest pain, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. […] See your doctor straight away if you develop symptoms of a pneumothorax. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance straight away if you have difficulty breathing. […] If you have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax and only minor symptoms, your pneumothorax might clear up on its own. Symptoms usually get better within 1-2 days without specific treatment.

• #16 Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=zr1018spec

  A pneumothorax may become deadly if the pressure in your chest prevents the lungs from getting enough oxygen into the blood. […] Symptoms depend on the size of the pneumothorax. In minor cases, you may not realize you have a pneumothorax. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. […] Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). This may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. […] Symptoms may become worse with altitude changes (such as flying in an airplane or going underground or underwater).

• #17 Pneumothorax (Clollapsed Lung) Symptom, Causes, Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/pneumothorax/

  Signs of a pneumothorax vary depending on the amount of lung area affected. While a small pneumothorax may sometimes be asymptomatic, i.e. not produce any symptoms, normally symptoms are experienced. They include a sudden, sharp chest pain, followed by shortness of breath, which may also be severe. An X-ray may be used to confirm the diagnosis. […] The more breathless you become, the larger the pneumothorax usually is. It is possible to have a smaller pneumothorax with only mild symptoms or, rarely, without symptoms. People with more severe symptoms of a pneumothorax, such as substantial shortness of breath, require emergency treatment in a hospital, and the person affected should be transported to a hospital in the quickest possible way, e.g. in an ambulance.

• #18 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. […] The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation of a pneumothorax can range anywhere from asymptomatic to chest pain and shortness of breath. A tension pneumothorax can cause severe hypotension (obstructive shock) and even death. Increased central venous pressure can result in distended neck veins and hypotension. Patients may have tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. […] In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the patient is minimally symptomatic, as otherwise healthy individuals tolerate physiologic consequences well. The most common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain is pleuritic, sharp, severe, and radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder. In SSP, dyspnea is more potent because of decreased underlying lung reserve.

• #19 Pneumothorax | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pneumothorax?lang=us

  Pneumothorax (PTX) refers to the presence of gas in the pleural space which allows the parietal and visceral pleura to separate and the lung to collapse. The clinical consequences range from negligible to hemodynamic collapse and death. […] Presentation is variable and may range from no symptoms to severe dyspnea with tachycardia and hypotension. In patients with a tension pneumothorax, presentation may include distended neck veins and tracheal deviation, cardiac arrest, and death in the most severe cases. […] It is interesting to note that some generalizations can be made regarding the clinical presentation in primary versus secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces: primary spontaneous: pleuritic chest pain usually present, dyspnea mild or moderate; secondary spontaneous: pleuritic chest pain often absent, dyspnea usually severe.

• #20 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. […] The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation of a pneumothorax can range anywhere from asymptomatic to chest pain and shortness of breath. A tension pneumothorax can cause severe hypotension (obstructive shock) and even death. Increased central venous pressure can result in distended neck veins and hypotension. Patients may have tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. […] In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the patient is minimally symptomatic, as otherwise healthy individuals tolerate physiologic consequences well. The most common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain is pleuritic, sharp, severe, and radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder. In SSP, dyspnea is more potent because of decreased underlying lung reserve.

• #21 Spontaneous Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459302/

  Spontaneous pneumothorax is an abnormal condition of the lung characterized by the collection of gas in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. Patients may present with symptoms such as tachycardia and dyspnea. […] Patients may present with a variety of symptoms including tachycardia and dyspnea. […] Tachycardia is one of the most common physical exam findings; however, in patients with smaller spontaneous pneumothorax (less than 15% of the hemithorax), the exam may be unremarkable. For patients with larger spontaneous pneumothorax (more than 15%), there may be reduced movement of the chest wall, ipsilateral decreased or absent breath sounds, jugular venous distension, pulsus paradoxus, hyperresonance on percussion, and decreased tactile fremitus. Development of a tension pneumothorax is a rare potential complication of spontaneous pneumothorax with the late, ominous findings of hypoxemia, hypotension, and tracheal deviation.

• #22 Pneumothorax- A patient’s guide – Family Doctor

  https://www.familydoctor.co.nz/categories/chest-problems/pneumothorax-a-patients-guide/

  Primary pneumothorax is usually associated with pain and shortness of breath. The pain is on the affected side and is initially sharp and worse with deep breathing), but later becomes a steady ache. Both symptoms usually subside within 24 hours, even if the pneumothorax is untreated and has not yet resolved. […] Secondary pneumothorax in patients with associated lung disease causes severe shortness of breath; pain is also common. Unlike the primary variant, symptoms do not resolve spontaneously.

• #23 Pneumothorax – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/lung-disease-respiratory-health/pneumothorax/

  Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a condition that typically doesn’t cause severe symptoms because healthy individuals can usually handle its physiologic impact quite well. The most frequent symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain can be described as a sharp, intense pain that radiates to the shoulder on the same side. In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), shortness of breath can be more severe due to a decrease in underlying lung function. […] In a severe form of pneumothorax called tension pneumothorax, additional symptoms could include: Rapid heartbeat above 134 beats per minute, Low blood pressure, Swelling in the neck veins, Blue coloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, Difficulty breathing, Cardiac arrest. […] The risk of experiencing another pneumothorax increases with each one you’ve had, being about 30% after the first one, 40% after the second, and over 50% after the third. While PSP isn’t usually a significant health threat, there have been cases where it has resulted in death.

• #24 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. […] The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation of a pneumothorax can range anywhere from asymptomatic to chest pain and shortness of breath. A tension pneumothorax can cause severe hypotension (obstructive shock) and even death. Increased central venous pressure can result in distended neck veins and hypotension. Patients may have tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. […] In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the patient is minimally symptomatic, as otherwise healthy individuals tolerate physiologic consequences well. The most common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain is pleuritic, sharp, severe, and radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder. In SSP, dyspnea is more potent because of decreased underlying lung reserve.

• #25 Pneumothorax: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/pneumothorax-pro

  Symptoms in PSP may be minimal or absent. W przeciwnym razie, objawy są większe w SSP, nawet jeśli pneumothorax jest stosunkowo mały. […] Sudden onset of pain is typical. […] There may well be some shortness of breath, depending upon the size of the lesion. It tends to be more severe in SSP as there is less reserve. […] Around two thirds of patients will have both pain and dyspnoea. However, a significant number may have no symptoms and thus a high index of suspicion is needed. […] The patient often looks distressed and is sweating. Dyspnoea may be apparent and even cyanosis, depending upon the degree of respiratory inadequacy. […] Tachycardia is common but a pulse rate above 135 beats per minute suggests tension pneumothorax. […] Pulsus paradoxicus suggests a severe pneumothorax. Pulsus paradoxicus occurs when the pulse slows on inspiration. This is the opposite to sinus arrhythmia where there is a slight acceleration of the pulse with inspiration.

• #26 Pneumothorax- A patient’s guide – Family Doctor

  https://www.familydoctor.co.nz/categories/chest-problems/pneumothorax-a-patients-guide/

  Primary pneumothorax is usually associated with pain and shortness of breath. The pain is on the affected side and is initially sharp and worse with deep breathing), but later becomes a steady ache. Both symptoms usually subside within 24 hours, even if the pneumothorax is untreated and has not yet resolved. […] Secondary pneumothorax in patients with associated lung disease causes severe shortness of breath; pain is also common. Unlike the primary variant, symptoms do not resolve spontaneously.

• #27 Pneumothorax – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax

  Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. […] The most common findings in people with tension pneumothorax are chest pain and respiratory distress, often with an increased heart rate (tachycardia) and rapid breathing (tachypnea) in the initial stages. […] Symptoms in SSPs tend to be more severe than in PSPs, as the unaffected lungs are generally unable to replace the loss of function in the affected lungs. Hypoxemia (decreased blood-oxygen levels) is usually present and may be observed as cyanosis (blue discoloration of the lips and skin). […] Tension pneumothorax is generally considered to be present when a pneumothorax leads to significant impairment of respiration and/or blood circulation. […] Tension pneumothorax tends to occur in clinical situations such as ventilation, resuscitation, trauma, or in people with lung disease.

• #28 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #29 Tension Pneumothorax – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/tension-pneumothorax

  Tension pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount of blood returned to the heart. […] Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a racing heart, followed by shock. […] At first, people have chest pain, feel short of breath, breathe rapidly, and feel that their heart is racing. As the pressure inside the chest increases, blood pressure drops dangerously low (shock), people feel weak and dizzy, and the veins of the neck may bulge. […] Tension pneumothorax can rapidly be fatal.

• #30 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] The most common symptoms are sharp chest pain and breathing problems. […] Symptoms and signs of a tension pneumothorax can include: severe distress, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, fast and shallow breathing, cyanosis (blueish lips and skin), sweating, low blood pressure. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] If you have trouble breathing or chest pain, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. […] See your doctor straight away if you develop symptoms of a pneumothorax. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance straight away if you have difficulty breathing. […] If you have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax and only minor symptoms, your pneumothorax might clear up on its own. Symptoms usually get better within 1-2 days without specific treatment.

• #31 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #32 Pneumothorax Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-clinical

  In PSP, chest often improves over the first 24 hours, even without resolution of the underlying air accumulation. Well-tolerated primary pneumothorax can take 12 weeks to resolve. In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), the chest pain is more likely to persist with more significant clinical symptoms. […] Shortness of breath/dyspnea in PSP is generally of sudden onset and tends to be more severe with SSP because of decreased lung reserve. […] Symptoms of tension pneumothorax may include chest pain (90%), dyspnea (80%), anxiety, fatigue, or acute epigastric pain (a rare finding). […] The presentation of a patient with pneumothorax may range from completely asymptomatic to life-threatening respiratory distress. Symptoms may include diaphoresis, splinting chest wall to relieve pleuritic pain, and cyanosis (in the case of tension pneumothorax).

• #33 What Does a Collapsed Lung Feel Like? Symptoms, Causes & Recovery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/article_em.htm

  Symptoms of collapsed lung include sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens on breathing or with deep inhalation that often radiates to the shoulder and or back; and a dry, hacking cough. In severe cases a person may go into shock, which is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical treatment. […] A collapsed lung feels like a sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens on breathing or with deep inspiration. This is referred to as „pleuritic” because it comes from irritation of nerve endings in the pleura (inner lining of the rib wall). Pain often radiates to the shoulder and or back. A dry, hacking cough may occur because of irritation of the diaphragm. […] If a tension pneumothorax is present, signs of cardiovascular collapse and shock will occur. This is immediately life-threatening. The large veins in the neck may stick out, or the skin may be a bluish color because of lack of oxygen (called cyanosis). The pulse may be rapid and the blood pressure decreased. The person appears quite anxious and may have difficulty speaking. If untreated for more than several minutes, loss of consciousness, shock, and death occur.

• #34 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition that develops when air is trapped in the pleural cavity under positive pressure, displacing mediastinal structures and compromising cardiopulmonary function. Prompt recognition is life-saving, both outside the hospital and in a modern intensive care unit (ICU). […] Tension pneumothorax arises from numerous causes and rapidly progresses to respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular collapse, and, ultimately, death if not recognized and treated. Therefore, if the clinical picture fits a tension pneumothorax, it must be treated on an emergency basis before it results in hemodynamic instability and death.

• #35 Tension Pneumothorax – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/tension-pneumothorax

  Tension pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount of blood returned to the heart. […] Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a racing heart, followed by shock. […] At first, people have chest pain, feel short of breath, breathe rapidly, and feel that their heart is racing. As the pressure inside the chest increases, blood pressure drops dangerously low (shock), people feel weak and dizzy, and the veins of the neck may bulge. […] Tension pneumothorax can rapidly be fatal.

• #36 Pneumothorax – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/pneumothorax

  Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chest pain. […] Symptoms vary greatly depending on how much air enters the pleural space, how much of the lung collapses, and the persons lung function before the pneumothorax occurred. They range from none to a little shortness of breath or chest pain to severe shortness of breath, shock, and life-threatening cardiac arrest. […] Most often, sharp chest pain and shortness of breath and occasionally a dry hacking cough begin suddenly. Pain may also be felt in the shoulder, neck, or abdomen. Symptoms tend to be less severe in a slowly developing pneumothorax than in a rapidly developing one. […] Unless the pneumothorax is very large or accumulates under pressure, collapsing major blood vessels in the chest (a tension pneumothorax), symptoms usually subside as the body adapts to the lung collapse, and the lung slowly begins to reinflate as the air is reabsorbed from the pleural space.

• #37 Pneumothorax Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-clinical

  In PSP, chest often improves over the first 24 hours, even without resolution of the underlying air accumulation. Well-tolerated primary pneumothorax can take 12 weeks to resolve. In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), the chest pain is more likely to persist with more significant clinical symptoms. […] Shortness of breath/dyspnea in PSP is generally of sudden onset and tends to be more severe with SSP because of decreased lung reserve. […] Symptoms of tension pneumothorax may include chest pain (90%), dyspnea (80%), anxiety, fatigue, or acute epigastric pain (a rare finding). […] The presentation of a patient with pneumothorax may range from completely asymptomatic to life-threatening respiratory distress. Symptoms may include diaphoresis, splinting chest wall to relieve pleuritic pain, and cyanosis (in the case of tension pneumothorax).

• #38 Pneumothorax

  https://www.svhlunghealth.com.au/conditions/pneumothorax

  Symptoms of a traumatic pneumothorax typically occur during the period of trauma or just after. In contrast, symptoms of a spontaneous non-traumatic pneumothorax usually occur when the person is at rest. Sudden, severe chest pain is often the first symptom of a pneumothorax. Other symptoms include: […] There is a risk of having another pneumothorax (because you have already had one), so if symptoms occur again it is important to seek medical attention straight away.

• #39 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/collapsed-lung

  If pneumothorax results from trauma, the symptoms often appear at the time of the injury or shortly after. Symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax might appear when a person is at rest. A sudden attack of chest pain is often the first symptom. […] Symptoms may include: a sudden, sharp, stabbing pain in the chest, rapid breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), turning blue, known as cyanosis, a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, lung expansion on one side, a hollow sound if you tap on the chest, an enlarged jugular vein, anxiety, fatigue. […] Pneumothorax can lead to a number of complications, some of which can be life-threatening. […] Tension pneumothorax can quickly progress to: an inability to breathe, cardiovascular collapse, death. […] Most cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax resolve with observation or minimal treatment. It’s rarely life-threatening. But there’s a 30 percent chance that this type will recur within 5 years, and the risk of recurrence increases each time it happens.

• #40 Pneumothorax in children | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/pneumothorax-collapsed-lung/children

  What are the symptoms of pneumothorax in children? […] Symptoms are different in each child. Your baby may have no symptoms at all, or they might experience: irritability and restlessness, rapid breathing, grunting, nostril flaring, pale or blue toned skin colour. […] In an older child, the signs and symptoms of pneumothorax often come on while resting or during light activity. Look out for: sudden, sharp stabbing pain on one side of the chest that gets worse when breathing in and out, feeling breathless, a cough. […] If someone becomes breathless with sudden chest pain, dial 999.

• #41 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/collapsed-lung

  If pneumothorax results from trauma, the symptoms often appear at the time of the injury or shortly after. Symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax might appear when a person is at rest. A sudden attack of chest pain is often the first symptom. […] Symptoms may include: a sudden, sharp, stabbing pain in the chest, rapid breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), turning blue, known as cyanosis, a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, lung expansion on one side, a hollow sound if you tap on the chest, an enlarged jugular vein, anxiety, fatigue. […] Pneumothorax can lead to a number of complications, some of which can be life-threatening. […] Tension pneumothorax can quickly progress to: an inability to breathe, cardiovascular collapse, death. […] Most cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax resolve with observation or minimal treatment. It’s rarely life-threatening. But there’s a 30 percent chance that this type will recur within 5 years, and the risk of recurrence increases each time it happens.

• #42 Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318110

  Pneumothorax, commonly called a collapsed lung, can be painful and in certain situations, may be life-threatening. […] Symptoms of pneumothorax may hardly be noticeable at first and can be confused with other disorders. […] The symptoms of pneumothorax can vary from mild to life-threatening and may include: shortness of breath, chest pain, which may be more severe on one side of the chest, sharp pain when inhaling, pressure in the chest that gets worse over time, blue discoloration of the skin or lips, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, confusion or dizziness, loss of consciousness or coma. […] Some cases of pneumothorax have almost no symptoms. These can only be diagnosed with an X-ray or another type of scan. Others require emergency medical attention. Anyone experiencing the symptoms above should contact their doctor or seek immediate medical help.

• #43 Pneumothorax – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/pneumothorax

  Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chest pain. […] Symptoms vary greatly depending on how much air enters the pleural space, how much of the lung collapses, and the persons lung function before the pneumothorax occurred. They range from none to a little shortness of breath or chest pain to severe shortness of breath, shock, and life-threatening cardiac arrest. […] Most often, sharp chest pain and shortness of breath and occasionally a dry hacking cough begin suddenly. Pain may also be felt in the shoulder, neck, or abdomen. Symptoms tend to be less severe in a slowly developing pneumothorax than in a rapidly developing one. […] Unless the pneumothorax is very large or accumulates under pressure, collapsing major blood vessels in the chest (a tension pneumothorax), symptoms usually subside as the body adapts to the lung collapse, and the lung slowly begins to reinflate as the air is reabsorbed from the pleural space.

• #44 Pneumothorax Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-clinical

  In PSP, chest often improves over the first 24 hours, even without resolution of the underlying air accumulation. Well-tolerated primary pneumothorax can take 12 weeks to resolve. In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), the chest pain is more likely to persist with more significant clinical symptoms. […] Shortness of breath/dyspnea in PSP is generally of sudden onset and tends to be more severe with SSP because of decreased lung reserve. […] Symptoms of tension pneumothorax may include chest pain (90%), dyspnea (80%), anxiety, fatigue, or acute epigastric pain (a rare finding). […] The presentation of a patient with pneumothorax may range from completely asymptomatic to life-threatening respiratory distress. Symptoms may include diaphoresis, splinting chest wall to relieve pleuritic pain, and cyanosis (in the case of tension pneumothorax).

• #45 Pneumothorax – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumothorax-a-to-z

  Symptoms of a collapsed lung include: sudden shortness of breath, painful breathing, sharp chest pain, often on one side, chest tightness. […] Call your doctor if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have lung disease or have had a collapsed lung before. Even if your symptoms seem to improve, call your doctor. Some people with a collapsed lung notice that chest pain and shortness of breath improve in the first 24 hours, but the lung is still collapsed. […] Once a collapsed lung has re-expanded and healed, there is usually no long-term effect on your health. However, up to 50% of people have a lung collapse again, especially within a few months of the first one.

• #46 Pneumothorax – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumothorax-a-to-z

  Symptoms of a collapsed lung include: sudden shortness of breath, painful breathing, sharp chest pain, often on one side, chest tightness. […] Call your doctor if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have lung disease or have had a collapsed lung before. Even if your symptoms seem to improve, call your doctor. Some people with a collapsed lung notice that chest pain and shortness of breath improve in the first 24 hours, but the lung is still collapsed. […] Once a collapsed lung has re-expanded and healed, there is usually no long-term effect on your health. However, up to 50% of people have a lung collapse again, especially within a few months of the first one.

• #47 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] The most common symptoms are sharp chest pain and breathing problems. […] Symptoms and signs of a tension pneumothorax can include: severe distress, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, fast and shallow breathing, cyanosis (blueish lips and skin), sweating, low blood pressure. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] If you have trouble breathing or chest pain, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. […] See your doctor straight away if you develop symptoms of a pneumothorax. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance straight away if you have difficulty breathing. […] If you have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax and only minor symptoms, your pneumothorax might clear up on its own. Symptoms usually get better within 1-2 days without specific treatment.

• #48 Spontaneous Pneumothorax Symptoms, Risk Factors, & Treatment | Saint John’s Cancer Institute

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/thoracic/conditions/spontaneous-pneumothorax/

  A spontaneous pneumothorax is the sudden onset of a collapsed lung without any apparent cause, such as a traumatic injury to the chest or a known lung disease. A collapsed lung is caused by the collection of air in the space around the lungs. […] Symptoms of Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Shortness of breath, Chest wall pain. […] 80% of cases of spontaneous pneumothorax will resolve within 1 week.

• #49 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-a-collapsed-lung

  Pneumothorax Symptoms can range from mild to dangerous. If your case is mild, you may not notice a problem. Common symptoms include: Bluish skin, nails, and lips […] Chest pain, ache, or tightness, especially when you breathe in […] Coughing […] Fatigue […] Fast breathing […] Fast heartbeat […] Shortness of breath […] Shoulder pain […] Lightheadedness or feeling like you are about to faint. If you notice these signs, it’s important to tell your doctor what’s happening or go to the closest emergency room. A collapsed lung can be a medical emergency. […] Pneumothorax can be life-threatening. If treated, many people don’t have long-term health effects from a pneumothorax. But the lung can collapse again in up to 50% of cases. You may spend time in the hospital for treatment so doctors can watch how you’re doing. If your lung is punctured, it may take up to 2 weeks to heal. Your body will reabsorb the air around your lungs so that you can fill them normally again.

• #50 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #51 Spontaneous Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459302/

  The main goal for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is to evacuate the gas from the pleural space and the prevention of recurrences. […] Even with proper management, the recurrence rate for spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively high. Some studies estimate a recurrence rate of over 50% with the highest risk within the first 30 days. However, the rate of recurrence can be less than 5% after VATS with resection of blebs/bullae and pleurodesis.

• #52 Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) – European Lung Foundation

  https://europeanlung.org/en/information-hub/lung-conditions/primary-spontaneous-pneumothorax-psp/

  Sudden chest pain is the most common symptom people experience if they have a PSP. Sometimes the pain can get worse with breathing. Some people, but not all, also have difficulty with breathing. Some people will also cough, and some will have shoulder pain, or sharp pain between the shoulder blades. In most people, these symptoms do not last for long and it is very rare that they will worsen. […] Around 30% of people who have a PSP experience further episodes of their lung collapsing. Smoking tobacco and/or marijuana puts you at a significantly higher risk. If you smoke, your healthcare professional will strongly advise you to quit after an episode of PSP. If your lung collapses again, it is likely that your healthcare professional will suggest draining the air from your pleural cavity or treating you with medical thoracoscopy or surgery to stop this recurring.

• #53 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #54 Pneumothorax: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-pneumothorax-914681

  Symptoms of pneumothorax may develop during rest, sleep, or while awake, or as a result of sudden trauma such as a chest wound. A small pneumothorax may even go unnoticed, since it is not always accompanied by symptoms. […] Symptoms of a large pneumothorax include: Sharp chest pain that gets worse when coughing or taking a deep breath and that may radiate to the shoulder, arm, or back; Shortness of breath (dyspnea) or shallow breathing; Chest tightness; Being easily fatigued; Blue or ashen skin (cyanosis, caused by lack of oxygen); Rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] Since symptoms can range from mild to severe, its not uncommon for it to take several days to realize something is wrong and seek treatment. If you develop any symptoms of pneumothorax, be sure to seek immediate medical attention. In some cases, it can be a life-threatening emergency. […] The risk of having another pneumothorax is highest in the first 30 days after your first occurrence. Over the next year, the risk of having another also remains higher than normal. Estimates of recurrence vary from 20% to up to 60% during the first three years.

• #55 Pneumothorax – North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.nth.nhs.uk/resources/pneumothorax/

  The most common symptoms are sudden shortness of breath and chest pain (which may be sharp and worse with coughing and breathing). […] You may also experience a dry cough. […] Occasionally if the leak of air has been very large you may feel faint or light headed. […] About 1 in 3 people who have had a pneumothorax will have another within 12 months. […] This is more likely if you continue to smoke if or if you have an underlying condition.

• #56 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #57 Pneumothorax – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/lung-disease-respiratory-health/pneumothorax/

  Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a condition that typically doesn’t cause severe symptoms because healthy individuals can usually handle its physiologic impact quite well. The most frequent symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain can be described as a sharp, intense pain that radiates to the shoulder on the same side. In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), shortness of breath can be more severe due to a decrease in underlying lung function. […] In a severe form of pneumothorax called tension pneumothorax, additional symptoms could include: Rapid heartbeat above 134 beats per minute, Low blood pressure, Swelling in the neck veins, Blue coloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, Difficulty breathing, Cardiac arrest. […] The risk of experiencing another pneumothorax increases with each one you’ve had, being about 30% after the first one, 40% after the second, and over 50% after the third. While PSP isn’t usually a significant health threat, there have been cases where it has resulted in death.

• #58 Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/primary-spontaneous-pneumothorax/

  Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the space between the lungs and the chest cavity (called the pleural space) that can result in the partial or complete collapse of a lung. […] A person with this condition may feel chest pain on the side of the collapsed lung and shortness of breath. […] Once a bleb ruptures and causes a pneumothorax, there is an estimated 13 to 60 percent chance that the condition will recur.

• #59 Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) – European Lung Foundation

  https://europeanlung.org/en/information-hub/lung-conditions/primary-spontaneous-pneumothorax-psp/

  Sudden chest pain is the most common symptom people experience if they have a PSP. Sometimes the pain can get worse with breathing. Some people, but not all, also have difficulty with breathing. Some people will also cough, and some will have shoulder pain, or sharp pain between the shoulder blades. In most people, these symptoms do not last for long and it is very rare that they will worsen. […] Around 30% of people who have a PSP experience further episodes of their lung collapsing. Smoking tobacco and/or marijuana puts you at a significantly higher risk. If you smoke, your healthcare professional will strongly advise you to quit after an episode of PSP. If your lung collapses again, it is likely that your healthcare professional will suggest draining the air from your pleural cavity or treating you with medical thoracoscopy or surgery to stop this recurring.

• #60 Pneumothorax – North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.nth.nhs.uk/resources/pneumothorax/

  The most common symptoms are sudden shortness of breath and chest pain (which may be sharp and worse with coughing and breathing). […] You may also experience a dry cough. […] Occasionally if the leak of air has been very large you may feel faint or light headed. […] About 1 in 3 people who have had a pneumothorax will have another within 12 months. […] This is more likely if you continue to smoke if or if you have an underlying condition.

• #61 Symptoms of LAM – The LAM Foundation

  https://www.thelamfoundation.org/learn-about-lam/symptoms-of-lam/

  A pneumothorax, or lung collapse, is a leakage of air (pneumo) from a lung into the chest cavity (thorax). This air outside the lung abruptly diminishes the negative pressure (vacuum) between the chest wall and the lung, causing the lung to deflate or collapse. […] If a pneumothorax occurs and collapses a sizable portion (or all) of your lung, you’ll likely have chest, back or shoulder pain and significant difficulty breathing. […] Most women with LAM will experience more than one pneumothorax during the course of their disease. […] Without treatment, there is a 70% chance of a recurring pneumothorax. With treatment, the risk is reduced to about 30%. […] About two-thirds of LAM patients will have at least one lung collapse (pneumothorax) and about one-third will have leakage of fluid into the chest cavity (chylothorax).

• #62 Spontaneous Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459302/

  The main goal for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is to evacuate the gas from the pleural space and the prevention of recurrences. […] Even with proper management, the recurrence rate for spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively high. Some studies estimate a recurrence rate of over 50% with the highest risk within the first 30 days. However, the rate of recurrence can be less than 5% after VATS with resection of blebs/bullae and pleurodesis.

• #63 Symptoms of LAM – The LAM Foundation

  https://www.thelamfoundation.org/learn-about-lam/symptoms-of-lam/

  A pneumothorax, or lung collapse, is a leakage of air (pneumo) from a lung into the chest cavity (thorax). This air outside the lung abruptly diminishes the negative pressure (vacuum) between the chest wall and the lung, causing the lung to deflate or collapse. […] If a pneumothorax occurs and collapses a sizable portion (or all) of your lung, you’ll likely have chest, back or shoulder pain and significant difficulty breathing. […] Most women with LAM will experience more than one pneumothorax during the course of their disease. […] Without treatment, there is a 70% chance of a recurring pneumothorax. With treatment, the risk is reduced to about 30%. […] About two-thirds of LAM patients will have at least one lung collapse (pneumothorax) and about one-third will have leakage of fluid into the chest cavity (chylothorax).

• #64 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #65 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/collapsed-lung

  It may take longer to recover if: you have a large pneumothorax, you have a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, you have an underlying lung condition, pneumothorax results from an injury, it’s not your first experience of pneumothorax. […] In around 10% of cases, secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is fatal. The risk is higher if you have HIV or COPD. The risk of this type recurring within 5 years is around 43 percent, and the risk increases each time it happens. […] Knowing your risk of developing pneumothorax and seeking help as soon as symptoms occur can help prevent severe complications.

• #66 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #67 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/collapsed-lung

  If pneumothorax results from trauma, the symptoms often appear at the time of the injury or shortly after. Symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax might appear when a person is at rest. A sudden attack of chest pain is often the first symptom. […] Symptoms may include: a sudden, sharp, stabbing pain in the chest, rapid breathing or shortness of breath (dyspnea), turning blue, known as cyanosis, a rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, lung expansion on one side, a hollow sound if you tap on the chest, an enlarged jugular vein, anxiety, fatigue. […] Pneumothorax can lead to a number of complications, some of which can be life-threatening. […] Tension pneumothorax can quickly progress to: an inability to breathe, cardiovascular collapse, death. […] Most cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax resolve with observation or minimal treatment. It’s rarely life-threatening. But there’s a 30 percent chance that this type will recur within 5 years, and the risk of recurrence increases each time it happens.

• #68 What Does a Collapsed Lung Feel Like? Symptoms, Causes & Recovery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/collapsed_lung/article_em.htm

  Shortness of breath and sharp, stabbing chest pain develops in apparently healthy people. […] The prognosis of pneumothorax depends on its cause. For a spontaneous pneumothorax, there is an increased risk for another collapsed lung in the future. If no tension is present, the condition is easily treated by removal of the air, which re-expands the lung and returns lung function to normal after a few days. Tension pneumothorax is life-threatening and may be fatal. Some scarring to the pleura develops after treatment and can result in intermittent, sharp, localized, chest pain over the short term. In general, once the pneumothorax has healed, there is no long-term effect on health. However, spontaneous pneumothorax can recur in up to 50% of people.

• #69 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #70 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/collapsed-lung

  It may take longer to recover if: you have a large pneumothorax, you have a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, you have an underlying lung condition, pneumothorax results from an injury, it’s not your first experience of pneumothorax. […] In around 10% of cases, secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is fatal. The risk is higher if you have HIV or COPD. The risk of this type recurring within 5 years is around 43 percent, and the risk increases each time it happens. […] Knowing your risk of developing pneumothorax and seeking help as soon as symptoms occur can help prevent severe complications.

• #71 Pneumothorax – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/lung-disease-respiratory-health/pneumothorax/

  SSPs, on the other hand, can be more dangerous, particularly if you have underlying lung disease or a large pneumothorax. People with diseases like COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and HIV have a higher death rate after experiencing a pneumothorax. The mortality rate is about 10% for SSP. […] The mortality rate for tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening condition where pressure builds up in the chest, is high if not quickly addressed with appropriate medical treatment.

• #72 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  In tension pneumothorax following additional findings are seen: Tachycardia of more than 134 beats per minute, Hypotension, Jugular venous distension, Cyanosis, Respiratory failure, Cardiac arrest. […] PSP is usually benign and mostly resolves independently without any significant intervention. Recurrence can occur for up to three years period. The recurrence rate in the following five years is 30% for PSP and 43% for SSP. The risk of recurrence increases with each subsequent pneumothorax; it is 30% with the first, 40% after a send, and more than 50% after the third recurrence. SSPs are more lethal depending on underlying lung disease and the size of the pneumothorax. The mortality of SSP is 10%. Mortality of tension pneumothorax is high if appropriate measures are not taken.

• #73 Tension Pneumothorax – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/tension-pneumothorax

  Tension pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount of blood returned to the heart. […] Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a racing heart, followed by shock. […] At first, people have chest pain, feel short of breath, breathe rapidly, and feel that their heart is racing. As the pressure inside the chest increases, blood pressure drops dangerously low (shock), people feel weak and dizzy, and the veins of the neck may bulge. […] Tension pneumothorax can rapidly be fatal.

• #74 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition that develops when air is trapped in the pleural cavity under positive pressure, displacing mediastinal structures and compromising cardiopulmonary function. Prompt recognition is life-saving, both outside the hospital and in a modern intensive care unit (ICU). […] Tension pneumothorax arises from numerous causes and rapidly progresses to respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular collapse, and, ultimately, death if not recognized and treated. Therefore, if the clinical picture fits a tension pneumothorax, it must be treated on an emergency basis before it results in hemodynamic instability and death.

• #75 Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=zr1018spec

  A pneumothorax may become deadly if the pressure in your chest prevents the lungs from getting enough oxygen into the blood. […] Symptoms depend on the size of the pneumothorax. In minor cases, you may not realize you have a pneumothorax. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. […] Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). This may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. […] Symptoms may become worse with altitude changes (such as flying in an airplane or going underground or underwater).

• #76 Collapsed Lung | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/collapsed-lung

  Symptoms depend on the size of the pneumothorax. In minor cases, you may not realize you have a pneumothorax. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. […] Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). This may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. […] Symptoms may become worse with altitude changes (such as flying in an airplane or going underground or underwater).

• #77 Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/

  A pneumothorax is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse. […] The degree of collapse determines the clinical presentation of pneumothorax. Clinical presentation of a pneumothorax can range anywhere from asymptomatic to chest pain and shortness of breath. A tension pneumothorax can cause severe hypotension (obstructive shock) and even death. Increased central venous pressure can result in distended neck veins and hypotension. Patients may have tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia. […] In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the patient is minimally symptomatic, as otherwise healthy individuals tolerate physiologic consequences well. The most common symptoms are chest pain and shortness of breath. The chest pain is pleuritic, sharp, severe, and radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder. In SSP, dyspnea is more potent because of decreased underlying lung reserve.

• #78 Pneumothorax – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax

  Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. […] The most common findings in people with tension pneumothorax are chest pain and respiratory distress, often with an increased heart rate (tachycardia) and rapid breathing (tachypnea) in the initial stages. […] Symptoms in SSPs tend to be more severe than in PSPs, as the unaffected lungs are generally unable to replace the loss of function in the affected lungs. Hypoxemia (decreased blood-oxygen levels) is usually present and may be observed as cyanosis (blue discoloration of the lips and skin). […] Tension pneumothorax is generally considered to be present when a pneumothorax leads to significant impairment of respiration and/or blood circulation. […] Tension pneumothorax tends to occur in clinical situations such as ventilation, resuscitation, trauma, or in people with lung disease.

• #79 Pneumothorax Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-clinical

  The presentation of patients with pneumothorax varies depending on the type of pneumothorax. […] Until a bleb ruptures and causes pneumothorax, no clinical signs or symptoms are present in primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). Young and otherwise healthy patients can tolerate the main physiologic consequences of a decrease in vital capacity and partial pressure of oxygen fairly well, with minimal changes in vital signs and symptoms, but those with underlying lung disease may have respiratory distress. […] In one series, acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath were present in all patients in one series; typically, both symptoms are present in 64-85% of patients. The chest pain is described as severe and/or stabbing, radiates to the ipsilateral shoulder and increases with inspiration (pleuritic).

• #80 Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=zr1018spec

  A pneumothorax may become deadly if the pressure in your chest prevents the lungs from getting enough oxygen into the blood. […] Symptoms depend on the size of the pneumothorax. In minor cases, you may not realize you have a pneumothorax. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. […] Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). This may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. […] Symptoms may become worse with altitude changes (such as flying in an airplane or going underground or underwater).

• #81 Pneumothorax (Clollapsed Lung) Symptom, Causes, Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/pneumothorax/

  Signs of a pneumothorax vary depending on the amount of lung area affected. While a small pneumothorax may sometimes be asymptomatic, i.e. not produce any symptoms, normally symptoms are experienced. They include a sudden, sharp chest pain, followed by shortness of breath, which may also be severe. An X-ray may be used to confirm the diagnosis. […] The more breathless you become, the larger the pneumothorax usually is. It is possible to have a smaller pneumothorax with only mild symptoms or, rarely, without symptoms. People with more severe symptoms of a pneumothorax, such as substantial shortness of breath, require emergency treatment in a hospital, and the person affected should be transported to a hospital in the quickest possible way, e.g. in an ambulance.

• #82 Pneumothorax – Lung and Airway Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/pneumothorax

  Symptoms include difficulty breathing and chest pain. […] Symptoms vary greatly depending on how much air enters the pleural space, how much of the lung collapses, and the persons lung function before the pneumothorax occurred. They range from none to a little shortness of breath or chest pain to severe shortness of breath, shock, and life-threatening cardiac arrest. […] Most often, sharp chest pain and shortness of breath and occasionally a dry hacking cough begin suddenly. Pain may also be felt in the shoulder, neck, or abdomen. Symptoms tend to be less severe in a slowly developing pneumothorax than in a rapidly developing one. […] Unless the pneumothorax is very large or accumulates under pressure, collapsing major blood vessels in the chest (a tension pneumothorax), symptoms usually subside as the body adapts to the lung collapse, and the lung slowly begins to reinflate as the air is reabsorbed from the pleural space.

• #83 Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=zr1018spec

  A pneumothorax may become deadly if the pressure in your chest prevents the lungs from getting enough oxygen into the blood. […] Symptoms depend on the size of the pneumothorax. In minor cases, you may not realize you have a pneumothorax. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. […] Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). This may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. […] Symptoms may become worse with altitude changes (such as flying in an airplane or going underground or underwater).

• #84 Collapsed Lung | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/collapsed-lung

  Symptoms depend on the size of the pneumothorax. In minor cases, you may not realize you have a pneumothorax. In more severe cases, symptoms will develop rapidly and may lead to shock. […] Symptoms may include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea). This may be mild to severe, depending on how much of the lung is collapsed. Sudden, severe, and sharp chest pain on the same side as the collapsed lung. […] Symptoms may become worse with altitude changes (such as flying in an airplane or going underground or underwater).

• #85 Pneumothorax Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-clinical

  Although tension pneumothorax may be a difficult diagnosis to make and may present with considerable variability in signs, respiratory distress and chest pain are generally accepted as being universally present, and tachycardia and ipsilateral air entry on auscultation are also common findings. […] The development of tension pneumothorax in patients who are ventilated will generally be of faster onset with immediate and progressive declines in arterial and mixed venous oxyhemoglobin saturation and an immediate decline in cardiac output.

• #86 Pneumothorax – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumothorax

  The sudden onset of breathlessness in someone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, or other serious lung diseases should therefore prompt investigations to identify the possibility of a pneumothorax. […] It is rare for a PSP to cause a tension pneumothorax. […] The volume of the pneumothorax may not be well correlated with the intensity of the symptoms experienced by the victim, and physical signs may not be apparent if the pneumothorax is relatively small.

• #87 Closed Pneumothorax: Causes, Diagnosis, and Modern Treatment Approaches

  https://neumarksurgery.com/closed-pneumothorax/

  Closed pneumothorax, a condition where air accumulates in the pleural space without an apparent external wound, presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. […] While potentially serious, this condition often presents subtly in its initial stages. Consequently, awareness and prompt recognition are crucial for patients and healthcare providers to ensure timely and appropriate intervention. The subtle nature of early symptoms highlights the importance of vigilance and thorough assessment in thoracic medicine. […] The clinical presentation of closed pneumothorax can vary widely, from subtle signs to severe respiratory distress. Common closed pneumothorax symptoms include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, a dry, non-productive cough, and tachycardia, where the heart rate goes over 100 BPM without apparent cause. […] Importantly, the severity of symptoms doesn’t always correlate with the size of the pneumothorax. Some patients present minimal symptoms despite large pneumothoraces. In contrast, others experience significant distress from small air pockets.

• #88 Pneumothorax – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367

  The main symptoms of a pneumothorax are sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. Severity of symptoms may depend on how much of the lung is collapsed. […] Symptoms usually include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. On some occasions, a collapsed lung can be a life-threatening event. […] Symptoms of a pneumothorax can be caused by a variety of health problems, and some can be life-threatening, so seek medical attention. If your chest pain is severe or breathing becomes increasingly difficult, get immediate emergency care.

• #89 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15304-collapsed-lung-pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air gets inside your chest cavity and creates pressure against your lung, causing it to collapse partially or fully. […] Go to the nearest emergency department if you have symptoms of a pneumothorax, including difficulty breathing, chest pain or blue skin, nails or lips. […] Signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax include: Chest pain on one side, especially when taking breaths. […] Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Bluish skin, lips or nails (cyanosis). […] If you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, go to the nearest emergency room. You may need immediate care. […] Some cases of pneumothorax are life-threatening. A collapsed lung should always be monitored by a healthcare provider.

• #90 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] The most common symptoms are sharp chest pain and breathing problems. […] Symptoms and signs of a tension pneumothorax can include: severe distress, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, fast and shallow breathing, cyanosis (blueish lips and skin), sweating, low blood pressure. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] If you have trouble breathing or chest pain, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. […] See your doctor straight away if you develop symptoms of a pneumothorax. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance straight away if you have difficulty breathing. […] If you have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax and only minor symptoms, your pneumothorax might clear up on its own. Symptoms usually get better within 1-2 days without specific treatment.

• #91 Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318110

  Pneumothorax, commonly called a collapsed lung, can be painful and in certain situations, may be life-threatening. […] Symptoms of pneumothorax may hardly be noticeable at first and can be confused with other disorders. […] The symptoms of pneumothorax can vary from mild to life-threatening and may include: shortness of breath, chest pain, which may be more severe on one side of the chest, sharp pain when inhaling, pressure in the chest that gets worse over time, blue discoloration of the skin or lips, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, confusion or dizziness, loss of consciousness or coma. […] Some cases of pneumothorax have almost no symptoms. These can only be diagnosed with an X-ray or another type of scan. Others require emergency medical attention. Anyone experiencing the symptoms above should contact their doctor or seek immediate medical help.

• #92 Pneumothorax in children | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/pneumothorax-collapsed-lung/children

  What are the symptoms of pneumothorax in children? […] Symptoms are different in each child. Your baby may have no symptoms at all, or they might experience: irritability and restlessness, rapid breathing, grunting, nostril flaring, pale or blue toned skin colour. […] In an older child, the signs and symptoms of pneumothorax often come on while resting or during light activity. Look out for: sudden, sharp stabbing pain on one side of the chest that gets worse when breathing in and out, feeling breathless, a cough. […] If someone becomes breathless with sudden chest pain, dial 999.

• #93 Punctured Lung Symptoms

  https://www.thebhdfoundation.org/what-is-bhd/symptoms-treatments/75-lung-collapse-symptoms

  Some symptoms of a pneumothorax (also known as a punctured lung) include: Sudden, sharp chest or shoulder pain […] Chest pain that gets worse when breathing in and doesnt subside after several minutes […] Shortness of breath […] Tightness in the chest […] A sensation of clicking, bubbling, or crunching inside the chest […] If you have one or more or more of these symptoms, it is important you get medical attention as soon as possible, preferably from an Emergency Department at a hospital. Here, the doctors will be able to see if you are having a pneumothorax and will be able to give you appropriate treatment.

• #94 Pneumothorax – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367

  The main symptoms of a pneumothorax are sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. Severity of symptoms may depend on how much of the lung is collapsed. […] Symptoms usually include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. On some occasions, a collapsed lung can be a life-threatening event. […] Symptoms of a pneumothorax can be caused by a variety of health problems, and some can be life-threatening, so seek medical attention. If your chest pain is severe or breathing becomes increasingly difficult, get immediate emergency care.

• #95 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] The most common symptoms are sharp chest pain and breathing problems. […] Symptoms and signs of a tension pneumothorax can include: severe distress, fast heart rate, difficulty breathing, fast and shallow breathing, cyanosis (blueish lips and skin), sweating, low blood pressure. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] If you have trouble breathing or chest pain, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. […] See your doctor straight away if you develop symptoms of a pneumothorax. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance straight away if you have difficulty breathing. […] If you have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax and only minor symptoms, your pneumothorax might clear up on its own. Symptoms usually get better within 1-2 days without specific treatment.

• #96 Pneumothorax – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumothorax-a-to-z

  Symptoms of a collapsed lung include: sudden shortness of breath, painful breathing, sharp chest pain, often on one side, chest tightness. […] Call your doctor if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have lung disease or have had a collapsed lung before. Even if your symptoms seem to improve, call your doctor. Some people with a collapsed lung notice that chest pain and shortness of breath improve in the first 24 hours, but the lung is still collapsed. […] Once a collapsed lung has re-expanded and healed, there is usually no long-term effect on your health. However, up to 50% of people have a lung collapse again, especially within a few months of the first one.

• #97 Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318110

  Pneumothorax can be difficult to diagnose and to treat. A person needs to work closely with their doctor to make sure the treatment is successful. […] Pneumothoraces should not be taken lightly and may be life-threatening in certain situations. […] Most cases can be treated with prompt medical intervention. Working with a doctor, as soon as symptoms are noticed, is the best way to ensure the pneumothorax heals correctly.

• #98 Pneumothorax – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumothorax-a-to-z

  Symptoms of a collapsed lung include: sudden shortness of breath, painful breathing, sharp chest pain, often on one side, chest tightness. […] Call your doctor if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have lung disease or have had a collapsed lung before. Even if your symptoms seem to improve, call your doctor. Some people with a collapsed lung notice that chest pain and shortness of breath improve in the first 24 hours, but the lung is still collapsed. […] Once a collapsed lung has re-expanded and healed, there is usually no long-term effect on your health. However, up to 50% of people have a lung collapse again, especially within a few months of the first one.

• #99 Pneumothorax Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/pneumothorax.html

  Symptoms of a collapsed lung include: sudden shortness of breath, painful breathing, sharp chest pain, often on one side, chest tightness. […] Your doctor may suspect you have a collapsed lung if you suddenly develop shortness of breath or chest pain, especially if you have had trauma to the chest. […] Call your doctor if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, especially if you have lung disease or have had a collapsed lung before. Even if your symptoms seem to improve, call your doctor. Some people with a collapsed lung notice that chest pain and shortness of breath improve in the first 24 hours, but the lung is still collapsed.

• #100 Understanding Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Recovery | Aster

  https://www.asterhospitals.in/blogs-events-news/aster-whitefield-bangalore/understanding-pneumothorax-collapsed-lung-causes-symptoms-treatment-and-recovery

  Common symptoms of a pneumothorax are often sudden and can include: […] Prompt recognition of these signs and symptoms is critical, as a collapsed lung may require urgent medical care. […] Seek medical help if you experience chest pain, breathing difficulties, or a rapid heartbeat, particularly after a chest injury or if you have a history of lung disease. For severe symptoms or a known history of pneumothorax, emergency care may be necessary to prevent complications.

• #101 Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318110

  Pneumothorax can be difficult to diagnose and to treat. A person needs to work closely with their doctor to make sure the treatment is successful. […] Pneumothoraces should not be taken lightly and may be life-threatening in certain situations. […] Most cases can be treated with prompt medical intervention. Working with a doctor, as soon as symptoms are noticed, is the best way to ensure the pneumothorax heals correctly.

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