Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Pneumothorax or collapsed lung is caused by air leaking into the pleural cavity. In a normal lung, negative pressure exists between the visceral and parietal pleura or the pleural space. This pleural space contains minimal fluid that serves as lubrication when the tissues move. When air enters the pleural space, changes to the pressure will cause the lungs to partially or completely collapse. […] Since patients with a pneumothorax may exhibit respiratory distress, the patients ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and hemodynamic stability should be considered in managing the condition. If the patient is stable and has minimal air or fluid accumulation in the pleural space, no treatment may be necessary as the condition will resolve spontaneously. With severe pneumothorax, immediate medical care is required. Treatment often includes the insertion of a chest tube connected to suction monitored by the nurse.

• #2 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Pneumothorax is the accumulation of atmospheric air in the pleural space, which results in a rise in intrathoracic pressure and reduced vital capacity. […] The loss of negative intrapleural pressure results in collapse of the lung. […] The priority is to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. The most important interventions focus on reinflating the lung by evacuating the pleural air. […] For patients with jeopardized gas exchange, chest tube insertion may be necessary to achieve lung re-expansion. […] Maintain a closed chest drainage system; be sure to tape all connections, and secure the tube carefully at the insertion site with adhesive bandages. […] Monitor a chest tube unit for any kinks or bubbling, which could indicate an air leak, but do not clamp a chest tube without a physician’s order because clamping may lead to tension pneumothorax.

• #3 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity (ie, the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura of the lung), which can impair oxygenation and/or ventilation. The clinical results are dependent on the degree of collapse of the lung on the affected side. If the pneumothorax is significant, it can cause a shift of the mediastinum and compromise hemodynamic stability. Air can enter the intrapleural space through a communication from the chest wall (ie, trauma) or through the lung parenchyma across the visceral pleura. […] Although there is general agreement on the management of pneumothorax, a full consensus about management of initial or recurrent pneumothorax does not exist. Rather, many clinicians use a risk stratification framework as well as other approaches for choosing among options to restore lung volume and an air-free pleural space and to prevent recurrences.

• #4 Acute Pneumothorax Evaluation and Treatment – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538316/

  Pneumothorax is classified into 3 main categories: spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax. […] This activity reviews an in-depth review of the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of acute pneumothorax. […] In addition, it emphasizes the vital role of the interprofessional healthcare team, including emergency physicians, thoracic surgeons, pulmonologists, radiologists, nurses, and respiratory therapists, in ensuring timely recognition and optimal patient outcomes. […] For symptomatic patients with stable vital signs, initial management may include needle aspiration or small-bore catheter insertion (pigtail catheter) in the emergency department. […] Patients with traumatic or tension pneumothorax require emergent thoracostomy or chest tube placement. […] The management of pneumothorax is guided by its etiology, clinical presentation, and risk stratification.

• #5 Tension Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559090/

  Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency wherein a large air collection in the pleural space compromises respiration and cardiac function. […] Knowledge of emergency thoracic decompression procedures is essential for all healthcare professionals. […] Early recognition and management of tension pneumothorax saves lives. Rapid administration of emergency thoracic decompression is a skill all healthcare professionals must have. […] Immediate needle decompression must be performed without delay if the patient is hemodynamically unstable and clinical suspicion is high for pneumothorax. […] Needle decompression re-expands the collapsed lung. […] Chest tubes are usually managed by experienced nurses, respiratory therapists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians. […] Timely diagnosis and management help improve outcomes in patients with tension pneumothorax. […] The collaboration and coordination among these interprofessional team members are crucial in the prompt recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care of patients with tension pneumothorax.

• #6 Pneumothorax – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367

  A pneumothorax (noo-moe-THOR-aks) is a collapsed lung. A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse. A pneumothorax can be a complete lung collapse or a collapse of only a portion of the lung. […] Treatment for a pneumothorax usually involves inserting a needle or chest tube between the ribs to remove the excess air. However, a small pneumothorax may heal on its own. […] Symptoms of a pneumothorax can be caused by a variety of health problems, and some can be life-threatening, so seek medical attention. If your chest pain is severe or breathing becomes increasingly difficult, get immediate emergency care. […] Pneumothorax care at Mayo Clinic.

• #7 Pneumothorax NCLEX Review Notes

  https://www.registerednursern.com/pneumothorax-nclex-review-notes/

  Patients who have a pneumothorax are experiencing a collapse lung due to air leaking into the intrapleural space. […] When taking care of a patient with a pneumothorax it is very important the nurse knows how to recognize the typical signs and symptoms seen in this condition, how it is diagnosed, nursing interventions, and patient education. […] Nursing intervention for an open chest wound: place a sterile occlusive dressing over the opening and tape it on 3 sides (leaving the 4th side free from tape). This prevents the wound from being occluded. This type of dressing will allow exhaled air to leave the opening but seal over the opening when inhaling (hence preventing a tension pneumothorax). […] Monitor breath sounds (equal sounds on both sides), equal rise and fall of the chest, vital signs (HR, blood pressure, oxygen saturation), and patient effort of breathing, subq emphysema (can be found on the face, abdomen, armpits, neck (affects breathing), administering oxygen as ordered. […] Maintain chest tube drainage system if placed by physician: Assessing for air leaks in the system, keep it secure. […] Keep HOB of the bed elevatedFowlers position.

• #8 Pneumothorax – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/pneumothorax_1527

  Pneumothorax is when air enters the pleural space, leading to a partial or complete collapse of the lung. This medical emergency requires the provider and nurse to act quickly to relieve the respiratory distress and prevent further complications. […] The severity of the dyspnea can vary depending on the size of the pneumothorax. As the affected lobe(s) collapses, there are fewer alveoli that can participate in gas exchange. This results in the patient having rapid shallow breaths, feeling short of breath and becoming hypoxic. […] Absent or Restricted Movement on Affected Side is common with traumatic pneumothorax. […] The extent of the pneumothorax will determine how much air flow will occur through the lung. Breath sounds will not be heard in the lobe(s) that are fully collapsed. […] Chest pain can occur in all types of pneumothorax, however, pain with a pulmonary contusion is the most common.

• #9 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Learn about the nursing care management for patients with pneumothorax in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with pneumothorax includes the following steps. […] The nurse should assess the following: Tracheal alignment. Expansion of the chest. Breath sounds. Percussion of the chest. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for the patient are: Acute pain related to the positive pressure in the pleural space. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory distress. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to severe hypoxemia. Anxiety related to difficulty in breathing. […] The goals for the patient include: Relief of pain. Adherence to the prescribed pharmacological regimen. Establishment of a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by the absence of cyanosis. Demonstration of increase in perfusion. Be relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.

• #10 Pneumothorax – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372

  A pneumothorax is generally diagnosed using a chest X-ray. In some cases, a computerized tomography (CT) scan may be needed to provide more-detailed images. Ultrasound imaging also may be used to identify a pneumothorax. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your pneumothorax-related health concerns Start Here. […] The goal in treating a pneumothorax is to relieve the pressure on your lung, allowing it to re-expand. Depending on the cause of the pneumothorax, a second goal may be to prevent recurrences. The methods for achieving these goals depend on the severity of the lung collapse and sometimes on your overall health. […] Treatment options may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube insertion, nonsurgical repair or surgery. You may receive supplemental oxygen therapy to speed air reabsorption and lung expansion.

• #11

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-respiratory/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax occurs when a pleural defect allows the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura of the lung to fill with air, which subsequently collapses the lung. […] Prompt diagnosis and treatment of a pneumothorax is essential. […] Before performing a lengthy history and physical examination, the clinician must first consider, diagnose, and treat a tension pneumothorax. […] If signs suggestive of a tension pneumothorax are found, immediate decompression is indicated. […] Once tension pneumothorax has been excluded, the goal of treatment for simple pneumothorax is relief of dyspnea. […] A simple pneumothorax will spontaneously resolve as the air is absorbed. […] For small primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (pleural line 1-2cm from the chest wall) with minimal symptoms, treatment may consist of 100% oxygen applied for a brief period of observation (3-6 hours), a repeat x-ray to ensure the pneumothorax is not enlarging, and close outpatient follow-up.

• #12 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Learn about the nursing care management for patients with pneumothorax in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with pneumothorax includes the following steps. […] The nurse should assess the following: Tracheal alignment. Expansion of the chest. Breath sounds. Percussion of the chest. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for the patient are: Acute pain related to the positive pressure in the pleural space. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory distress. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to severe hypoxemia. Anxiety related to difficulty in breathing. […] The goals for the patient include: Relief of pain. Adherence to the prescribed pharmacological regimen. Establishment of a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by the absence of cyanosis. Demonstration of increase in perfusion. Be relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.

• #13 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Pneumothorax or collapsed lung is caused by air leaking into the pleural cavity. In a normal lung, negative pressure exists between the visceral and parietal pleura or the pleural space. This pleural space contains minimal fluid that serves as lubrication when the tissues move. When air enters the pleural space, changes to the pressure will cause the lungs to partially or completely collapse. […] Since patients with a pneumothorax may exhibit respiratory distress, the patients ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and hemodynamic stability should be considered in managing the condition. If the patient is stable and has minimal air or fluid accumulation in the pleural space, no treatment may be necessary as the condition will resolve spontaneously. With severe pneumothorax, immediate medical care is required. Treatment often includes the insertion of a chest tube connected to suction monitored by the nurse.

• #14 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Pneumothorax is the accumulation of atmospheric air in the pleural space, which results in a rise in intrathoracic pressure and reduced vital capacity. […] The loss of negative intrapleural pressure results in collapse of the lung. […] The priority is to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. The most important interventions focus on reinflating the lung by evacuating the pleural air. […] For patients with jeopardized gas exchange, chest tube insertion may be necessary to achieve lung re-expansion. […] Maintain a closed chest drainage system; be sure to tape all connections, and secure the tube carefully at the insertion site with adhesive bandages. […] Monitor a chest tube unit for any kinks or bubbling, which could indicate an air leak, but do not clamp a chest tube without a physician’s order because clamping may lead to tension pneumothorax.

• #15 Pneumothorax NCLEX Review Notes

  https://www.registerednursern.com/pneumothorax-nclex-review-notes/

  Patients who have a pneumothorax are experiencing a collapse lung due to air leaking into the intrapleural space. […] When taking care of a patient with a pneumothorax it is very important the nurse knows how to recognize the typical signs and symptoms seen in this condition, how it is diagnosed, nursing interventions, and patient education. […] Nursing intervention for an open chest wound: place a sterile occlusive dressing over the opening and tape it on 3 sides (leaving the 4th side free from tape). This prevents the wound from being occluded. This type of dressing will allow exhaled air to leave the opening but seal over the opening when inhaling (hence preventing a tension pneumothorax). […] Monitor breath sounds (equal sounds on both sides), equal rise and fall of the chest, vital signs (HR, blood pressure, oxygen saturation), and patient effort of breathing, subq emphysema (can be found on the face, abdomen, armpits, neck (affects breathing), administering oxygen as ordered. […] Maintain chest tube drainage system if placed by physician: Assessing for air leaks in the system, keep it secure. […] Keep HOB of the bed elevatedFowlers position.

• #16 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Learn about the nursing care management for patients with pneumothorax in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with pneumothorax includes the following steps. […] The nurse should assess the following: Tracheal alignment. Expansion of the chest. Breath sounds. Percussion of the chest. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for the patient are: Acute pain related to the positive pressure in the pleural space. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory distress. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to severe hypoxemia. Anxiety related to difficulty in breathing. […] The goals for the patient include: Relief of pain. Adherence to the prescribed pharmacological regimen. Establishment of a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by the absence of cyanosis. Demonstration of increase in perfusion. Be relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.

• #17 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #18 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Learn about the nursing care management for patients with pneumothorax in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with pneumothorax includes the following steps. […] The nurse should assess the following: Tracheal alignment. Expansion of the chest. Breath sounds. Percussion of the chest. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for the patient are: Acute pain related to the positive pressure in the pleural space. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory distress. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to severe hypoxemia. Anxiety related to difficulty in breathing. […] The goals for the patient include: Relief of pain. Adherence to the prescribed pharmacological regimen. Establishment of a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by the absence of cyanosis. Demonstration of increase in perfusion. Be relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.

• #19 Nursing Care Plans Pneumothorax ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/09/nursing-care-plans-pneumothorax.html

  Nursing Assessment Patient History, Obtain history for chronic respiratory disease, trauma, and onset of symptoms. […] The patient history reveals sudden, sharp, pleuritic pain. […] The severity of the symptoms depends on the extent of any underlying disease and the amount of air in the pleural space. […] Nursing Diagnosis Common Nursing Diagnosis That Could Be Found In Patient with Pneumothorax: Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Risk for Trauma/Suffocation, Deficient Knowledge regarding condition, treatment regimen, self-care, and discharge needs, Acute pain, Anxiety, Fear, Impaired gas exchange related to decreased oxygen diffusion capacity, Ineffective coping, Ineffective tissue perfusion: Cardiopulmonary, Risk for infection. […] Nursing Interventions Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern Respiratory Monitoring Identify etiology or precipitating factors, such as spontaneous collapse, trauma, malignancy, infection, and complication of mechanical ventilation.

• #20 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Encourage smoking cessation. Evaluate the patients willingness to stop smoking and provide education and resources on smoking cessation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern.

• #21 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Learn about the nursing care management for patients with pneumothorax in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with pneumothorax includes the following steps. […] The nurse should assess the following: Tracheal alignment. Expansion of the chest. Breath sounds. Percussion of the chest. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for the patient are: Acute pain related to the positive pressure in the pleural space. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory distress. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to severe hypoxemia. Anxiety related to difficulty in breathing. […] The goals for the patient include: Relief of pain. Adherence to the prescribed pharmacological regimen. Establishment of a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by the absence of cyanosis. Demonstration of increase in perfusion. Be relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.

• #22 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space between the chest wall and lung, disrupting the negative pressure necessary for normal breathing. The severity of this condition can vary from a small, spontaneously resolving air pocket to a tension pneumothorax requiring immediate intervention. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes secondary to pneumothorax as evidenced by decreased oxygen saturation and abnormal arterial blood gases. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor oxygen saturation continuously. […] Position patient in semi-Fowlers position. […] Assess breath sounds every 2-4 hours. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains oxygen saturation 95%. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Acute Pain related to inflammation of the pleura and chest wall tissue as evidenced by verbal reports of sharp chest pain and guarding behavior.

• #23 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  The focus of pain management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax is to provide comfort and facilitate adequate respiratory function. The primary goal is to provide effective pain relief through the use of appropriate analgesic medications, considering the severity of pain and the individual patients needs. Close monitoring of pain levels and adjusting the pain management plan accordingly is crucial to ensure optimal pain control and patient comfort. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated. Oxygen aids in reducing the work of breathing; promotes relief of respiratory distress and cyanosis associated with hypoxemia. However, oxygen administration at 3L/minute nasal cannula or higher flow treats possible hypoxemia and is associated with a fourfold increase in the rate of pleural air absorption compared with room air alone.

• #24 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #25 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space between the chest wall and lung, disrupting the negative pressure necessary for normal breathing. The severity of this condition can vary from a small, spontaneously resolving air pocket to a tension pneumothorax requiring immediate intervention. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Impaired Gas Exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes secondary to pneumothorax as evidenced by decreased oxygen saturation and abnormal arterial blood gases. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Monitor oxygen saturation continuously. […] Position patient in semi-Fowlers position. […] Assess breath sounds every 2-4 hours. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains oxygen saturation 95%. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Acute Pain related to inflammation of the pleura and chest wall tissue as evidenced by verbal reports of sharp chest pain and guarding behavior.

• #26 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  The focus of pain management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax is to provide comfort and facilitate adequate respiratory function. The primary goal is to provide effective pain relief through the use of appropriate analgesic medications, considering the severity of pain and the individual patients needs. Close monitoring of pain levels and adjusting the pain management plan accordingly is crucial to ensure optimal pain control and patient comfort. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated. Oxygen aids in reducing the work of breathing; promotes relief of respiratory distress and cyanosis associated with hypoxemia. However, oxygen administration at 3L/minute nasal cannula or higher flow treats possible hypoxemia and is associated with a fourfold increase in the rate of pleural air absorption compared with room air alone.

• #27 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer prescribed pain medications. […] Teach splinting techniques. […] Monitor pain levels using a standardized scale. […] Desired Outcomes: Reports pain level 3/10. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreased lung expansion as evidenced by shallow breathing and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Assess respiratory rate and depth. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing. […] Monitor chest tube function if present. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal respiratory rate and depth. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures and presence of chest tube as evidenced by risk factors present. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Maintain sterile technique with all procedures.

• #28 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer prescribed pain medications. […] Teach splinting techniques. […] Monitor pain levels using a standardized scale. […] Desired Outcomes: Reports pain level 3/10. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreased lung expansion as evidenced by shallow breathing and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Assess respiratory rate and depth. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing. […] Monitor chest tube function if present. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal respiratory rate and depth. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures and presence of chest tube as evidenced by risk factors present. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Maintain sterile technique with all procedures.

• #29 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #30 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer prescribed pain medications. […] Teach splinting techniques. […] Monitor pain levels using a standardized scale. […] Desired Outcomes: Reports pain level 3/10. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreased lung expansion as evidenced by shallow breathing and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Assess respiratory rate and depth. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing. […] Monitor chest tube function if present. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal respiratory rate and depth. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures and presence of chest tube as evidenced by risk factors present. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Maintain sterile technique with all procedures.

• #31 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor insertion sites. […] Administer prophylactic antibiotics as ordered. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal temperature. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Anxiety related to difficulty breathing and uncertainty about the condition as evidenced by expressed concerns and increased vital signs. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Provide a clear explanation of procedures. […] Teach relaxation techniques. […] Allow expression of concerns. […] Desired Outcomes: Verbalizes understanding of the condition.

• #32 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Monitor insertion sites. […] Administer prophylactic antibiotics as ordered. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal temperature. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Anxiety related to difficulty breathing and uncertainty about the condition as evidenced by expressed concerns and increased vital signs. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Provide a clear explanation of procedures. […] Teach relaxation techniques. […] Allow expression of concerns. […] Desired Outcomes: Verbalizes understanding of the condition.

• #33 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Learn about the nursing care management for patients with pneumothorax in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with pneumothorax includes the following steps. […] The nurse should assess the following: Tracheal alignment. Expansion of the chest. Breath sounds. Percussion of the chest. […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses for the patient are: Acute pain related to the positive pressure in the pleural space. Ineffective breathing pattern related to respiratory distress. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to severe hypoxemia. Anxiety related to difficulty in breathing. […] The goals for the patient include: Relief of pain. Adherence to the prescribed pharmacological regimen. Establishment of a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by the absence of cyanosis. Demonstration of increase in perfusion. Be relaxed and report anxiety is reduced to a manageable level.

• #34 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer prescribed pain medications. […] Teach splinting techniques. […] Monitor pain levels using a standardized scale. […] Desired Outcomes: Reports pain level 3/10. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreased lung expansion as evidenced by shallow breathing and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Assess respiratory rate and depth. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing. […] Monitor chest tube function if present. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal respiratory rate and depth. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures and presence of chest tube as evidenced by risk factors present. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Maintain sterile technique with all procedures.

• #35 Pneumothorax Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Administer prescribed pain medications. […] Teach splinting techniques. […] Monitor pain levels using a standardized scale. […] Desired Outcomes: Reports pain level 3/10. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreased lung expansion as evidenced by shallow breathing and use of accessory muscles. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Assess respiratory rate and depth. […] Teach pursed-lip breathing. […] Monitor chest tube function if present. […] Desired Outcomes: Maintains normal respiratory rate and depth. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for Infection related to invasive procedures and presence of chest tube as evidenced by risk factors present. […] Nursing Interventions and Rationales: Maintain sterile technique with all procedures.

• #36 pneumothorax-in-the-adult-patient-

  https://ceufast.com/course/pneumothorax-in-the-adult-patient

  92% of participants will know how to assess, manage, and provide care for pneumothorax in adult patients. […] Implement nursing interventions, including chest tube and pain management and education on self-care and prevention of complications. […] Regularly assess the patient’s respiratory rate, oxygenation saturation, and breath sounds while observing for signs of respiratory distress such as increased work of breathing or decreased oxygen levels. […] Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed to maintain adequate oxygenation, monitor oxygen saturation levels, and adjust the oxygen flow as needed. […] Assess and manage the patient’s pain related to pneumothorax, including administering analgesics as prescribed and using non-pharmacological pain relief strategies, such as positioning and relaxation techniques.

• #37 Pneumothorax – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372

  A pneumothorax is generally diagnosed using a chest X-ray. In some cases, a computerized tomography (CT) scan may be needed to provide more-detailed images. Ultrasound imaging also may be used to identify a pneumothorax. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your pneumothorax-related health concerns Start Here. […] The goal in treating a pneumothorax is to relieve the pressure on your lung, allowing it to re-expand. Depending on the cause of the pneumothorax, a second goal may be to prevent recurrences. The methods for achieving these goals depend on the severity of the lung collapse and sometimes on your overall health. […] Treatment options may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube insertion, nonsurgical repair or surgery. You may receive supplemental oxygen therapy to speed air reabsorption and lung expansion.

• #38 Pneumothorax – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372

  If only a small portion of your lung is collapsed, your doctor may simply monitor your condition with a series of chest X-rays until the excess air is completely absorbed and your lung has re-expanded. This may take several weeks. […] If a larger area of your lung has collapsed, it’s likely that a needle or chest tube will be used to remove the excess air. […] A hollow needle with a small flexible tube (catheter) is inserted between the ribs into the air-filled space that’s pressing on the collapsed lung. Then the doctor removes the needle, attaches a syringe to the catheter and pulls out the excess air. The catheter may be left in for a few hours to ensure the lung is re-expanded and the pneumothorax does not recur. […] A flexible chest tube is inserted into the air-filled space and may be attached to a one-way valve device that continuously removes air from the chest cavity until your lung is re-expanded and healed.

• #39 Nursing Care Plans Pneumothorax ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/09/nursing-care-plans-pneumothorax.html

  Nursing Care Plans Pneumothorax […] Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural space. […] The patients clinical status depends on the rate of air leakage and size of wound. […] The amount of air or gas trapped in the intrapleural space determines the degree of lung collapse. […] Treatment is conservative for spontaneous pneumothorax in which no signs of increased pleural pressure appear, lung collapse is less than 30%, and the patient shows no signs of Dyspnea or other indications of physiologic compromise. […] If more than 30% of the lung is collapsed, treatment to reexpand the lung includes placing a thoracostomy tube in the second or third intercostal space in the midclavicular line, connected to an underwater seal or low-pressure suction. […] Surgical interventions include removing the penetrating object, exploratory thoracotomy if necessary, thoracentesis, and thoracotomy for patients with two or more episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax or patients with pneumothorax that does not resolve within 1 week.

• #40 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Administer oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L/min via a nasal cannula or higher to treat hypoxemia and enhance air absorption. […] Surgical treatment can be required if the patient has experienced multiple pneumothoraces or if the lung has not expanded after five days with a chest tube in place. Options may include: Thoracoscopy, Electrocautery, Laser treatment, Resection of blebs or pleura, Open thoracotomy, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). […] Perform pleurodesis (sclerotherapy) on patients with recurrent pneumothoraces who are not good surgical candidates. Pleurodesis reduces the possibility of pneumothorax recurrence. This procedure creates scar tissue between the layers of the pleura, effectively sticking them together to prevent the reaccumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space.

• #41 Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treating Pneumothorax | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumothorax/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  Symptoms normally come on almost immediately and commonly begin with chest pain. […] The goal of treatment is to relieve the pressure on the lung and allow it to re-inflate. […] For a minor pneumothorax, your doctor may simply keep an eye on you, as the lung may re-inflate on its own, usually over the course of several weeks. […] For more serious pneumothorax, a needle aspiration or chest tube can be inserted into the chest cavity to remove the excess air. […] In cases that involve an accident, or repeated collapsed lungs, the next step is a non-surgical repair of the leak. […] In the most extreme cases, surgery may be necessary to close the leak or remove the collapsed portion of the lung. […] Anyone who suffers from a collapsed lung will have to monitor their health to make sure it doesn’t happen again.

• #42 Pneumothorax – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372

  If only a small portion of your lung is collapsed, your doctor may simply monitor your condition with a series of chest X-rays until the excess air is completely absorbed and your lung has re-expanded. This may take several weeks. […] If a larger area of your lung has collapsed, it’s likely that a needle or chest tube will be used to remove the excess air. […] A hollow needle with a small flexible tube (catheter) is inserted between the ribs into the air-filled space that’s pressing on the collapsed lung. Then the doctor removes the needle, attaches a syringe to the catheter and pulls out the excess air. The catheter may be left in for a few hours to ensure the lung is re-expanded and the pneumothorax does not recur. […] A flexible chest tube is inserted into the air-filled space and may be attached to a one-way valve device that continuously removes air from the chest cavity until your lung is re-expanded and healed.

• #43 Pneumothorax – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372

  If only a small portion of your lung is collapsed, your doctor may simply monitor your condition with a series of chest X-rays until the excess air is completely absorbed and your lung has re-expanded. This may take several weeks. […] If a larger area of your lung has collapsed, it’s likely that a needle or chest tube will be used to remove the excess air. […] A hollow needle with a small flexible tube (catheter) is inserted between the ribs into the air-filled space that’s pressing on the collapsed lung. Then the doctor removes the needle, attaches a syringe to the catheter and pulls out the excess air. The catheter may be left in for a few hours to ensure the lung is re-expanded and the pneumothorax does not recur. […] A flexible chest tube is inserted into the air-filled space and may be attached to a one-way valve device that continuously removes air from the chest cavity until your lung is re-expanded and healed.

• #44

  https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-respiratory/pneumothorax

  If the patient is symptomatic, treatment options include aspiration, insertion of a pigtail catheter, or insertion of a small-bore standard chest tube. […] A larger primary spontaneous pneumothorax (pleural line 2-3cm from the chest wall) or any secondary pneumothorax will usually require admission in addition to drainage via catheter or chest tube. […] Patients with a recurrent pneumothoraces may require a more aggressive management plan such as thoracoscopy and pleurodesis. […] Pneumothorax should be considered in all patients with chest pain and/or shortness of breath. […] Ultrasound is more sensitive than chest x-ray in diagnosing pneumothorax, especially in a supine patient.

• #45 Spontaneous Pneumothorax – Management : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/spontaneous-pneumothorax-management/

  Primary spontaneous pneumothorax refers to a pneumothorax occurring without trauma and without apparent underlying lung disease (e.g. COPD, Pneumonia, Interstitial lung disease, cancer). […] Patients who are asymptomatic (no respiratory distress) with pneumothoraces < 3cm from the apex can be managed conservatively with minimum symptomatology. [...] For those with a pneumothorax > 3cm, use a small pigtail or pneumothorax catheter (8-14F) and either manually aspirate the air, attach to Heimlich valve, or attach to wall suction. […] Patients whose lungs remain expanded after 4-6 hours with a closed valve, may be safely discharged home after removing the tube. Alternatively, they can be discharged home with a closed tube and removed the next day if the lung remains expanded. All patient should receive a follow-up chest x-ray in 24h.

• #46 Acute Pneumothorax Evaluation and Treatment – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538316/

  Pneumothorax is classified into 3 main categories: spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax. […] This activity reviews an in-depth review of the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of acute pneumothorax. […] In addition, it emphasizes the vital role of the interprofessional healthcare team, including emergency physicians, thoracic surgeons, pulmonologists, radiologists, nurses, and respiratory therapists, in ensuring timely recognition and optimal patient outcomes. […] For symptomatic patients with stable vital signs, initial management may include needle aspiration or small-bore catheter insertion (pigtail catheter) in the emergency department. […] Patients with traumatic or tension pneumothorax require emergent thoracostomy or chest tube placement. […] The management of pneumothorax is guided by its etiology, clinical presentation, and risk stratification.

• #47 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Pneumothorax or collapsed lung is caused by air leaking into the pleural cavity. In a normal lung, negative pressure exists between the visceral and parietal pleura or the pleural space. This pleural space contains minimal fluid that serves as lubrication when the tissues move. When air enters the pleural space, changes to the pressure will cause the lungs to partially or completely collapse. […] Since patients with a pneumothorax may exhibit respiratory distress, the patients ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) and hemodynamic stability should be considered in managing the condition. If the patient is stable and has minimal air or fluid accumulation in the pleural space, no treatment may be necessary as the condition will resolve spontaneously. With severe pneumothorax, immediate medical care is required. Treatment often includes the insertion of a chest tube connected to suction monitored by the nurse.

• #48 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Pneumothorax is the accumulation of atmospheric air in the pleural space, which results in a rise in intrathoracic pressure and reduced vital capacity. […] The loss of negative intrapleural pressure results in collapse of the lung. […] The priority is to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. The most important interventions focus on reinflating the lung by evacuating the pleural air. […] For patients with jeopardized gas exchange, chest tube insertion may be necessary to achieve lung re-expansion. […] Maintain a closed chest drainage system; be sure to tape all connections, and secure the tube carefully at the insertion site with adhesive bandages. […] Monitor a chest tube unit for any kinks or bubbling, which could indicate an air leak, but do not clamp a chest tube without a physician’s order because clamping may lead to tension pneumothorax.

• #49 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #50 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Indications for Insertion of a Chest Drain: Pneumothorax […] Ensure that there is emergency equipment at bedside including: At least two drain clamps per drain (For use in emergency only) […] Significant risk of tension pneumothorax development if clamped. […] Ensure that patients with an UWSD have appropriate and regular pain relief (IV opioid infusion, PCA etc). […] Ensure that the suction is on and ensure that the red bellow is all the way out. […] The water seal chamber should be assessed every hour for any potential air leaks. An air leak will be characterised by intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs. […] Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient. […] Referral to a physiotherapist should be made to enhance chest movement and prevent a chest infection and mobilisation and transferring should be encourage as appropriate where possible.

• #51 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Administer oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L/min via a nasal cannula or higher to treat hypoxemia and enhance air absorption. […] Surgical treatment can be required if the patient has experienced multiple pneumothoraces or if the lung has not expanded after five days with a chest tube in place. Options may include: Thoracoscopy, Electrocautery, Laser treatment, Resection of blebs or pleura, Open thoracotomy, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). […] Perform pleurodesis (sclerotherapy) on patients with recurrent pneumothoraces who are not good surgical candidates. Pleurodesis reduces the possibility of pneumothorax recurrence. This procedure creates scar tissue between the layers of the pleura, effectively sticking them together to prevent the reaccumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space.

• #52 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  The range of medical therapeutic options for pneumothorax includes the following: Watchful waiting, with or without supplemental oxygen; Simple aspiration; Tube drainage, with or without medical pleurodesis. […] If the patient has had repeated episodes of pneumothorax or if the lung remains unexpanded after 5 days with a chest tube in place, operative therapy such as the following may be necessary: Thoracoscopy: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); Electrocautery: Pleurodesis or sclerotherapy; Laser treatment; Resection of blebs or pleura; Open thoracotomy. […] The following medications may be used to aid in the management of patients with pneumothorax: Local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine hydrochloride); Opioid anesthetics (eg, fentanyl citrate, morphine); Benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam, lorazepam); Antibiotics (eg, doxycycline, cefazolin).

• #53 Pneumothorax – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350372

  If a chest tube doesn’t re-expand your lung, nonsurgical options to close the air leak may include: Using a substance to irritate the tissues around the lung so that they’ll stick together and seal any leaks. This can be done through the chest tube, but it may be done during surgery. […] You may need to avoid certain activities that put extra pressure on your lungs for a time after your pneumothorax heals. Examples include flying, scuba diving or playing a wind instrument. Talk to your doctor about the type and length of your activity restrictions. Keep follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor your healing.

• #54 Pneumothorax – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/cardiothoracic-surgery/pleural/pneumothorax/

  Initial management of suspected tension pneumothorax should be needle decompression with high-flow oxygen, then subsequent chest drain insertion. […] Following chest drain insertion, a CXR must be performed; any persisting pneumothorax or clinical instability warrants discussion with a thoracic surgeon. […] Further intervention is considered in those with a persistent air leak or failure of lung re-expansion. […] Those failing these interventions, or in traumatic cases, should be considered for surgical intervention.

• #55 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Administer oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L/min via a nasal cannula or higher to treat hypoxemia and enhance air absorption. […] Surgical treatment can be required if the patient has experienced multiple pneumothoraces or if the lung has not expanded after five days with a chest tube in place. Options may include: Thoracoscopy, Electrocautery, Laser treatment, Resection of blebs or pleura, Open thoracotomy, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). […] Perform pleurodesis (sclerotherapy) on patients with recurrent pneumothoraces who are not good surgical candidates. Pleurodesis reduces the possibility of pneumothorax recurrence. This procedure creates scar tissue between the layers of the pleura, effectively sticking them together to prevent the reaccumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space.

• #56 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  The range of medical therapeutic options for pneumothorax includes the following: Watchful waiting, with or without supplemental oxygen; Simple aspiration; Tube drainage, with or without medical pleurodesis. […] If the patient has had repeated episodes of pneumothorax or if the lung remains unexpanded after 5 days with a chest tube in place, operative therapy such as the following may be necessary: Thoracoscopy: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); Electrocautery: Pleurodesis or sclerotherapy; Laser treatment; Resection of blebs or pleura; Open thoracotomy. […] The following medications may be used to aid in the management of patients with pneumothorax: Local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine hydrochloride); Opioid anesthetics (eg, fentanyl citrate, morphine); Benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam, lorazepam); Antibiotics (eg, doxycycline, cefazolin).

• #57 Pneumothorax | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/respiratory/pneumothorax-25-05-2004/

  A pneumothorax is commonly known as a collapsed lung. It occurs when air or gas collects in the pleural space that surrounds the lungs. […] The objective is to remove air from the pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand. Treatment includes: […] Using a needle and syringe to remove air from the pleural space; […] Inserting a chest tube between the ribs and attaching a suction device; […] A controlled oxygen supply may be needed to help the patient breathe more easily; […] If there is serious chest injury, or treatment fails to expand the lung, then surgery may be necessary. Damaged or scarred sections of lung can be removed to allow the pneumothorax to heal; […] Some small pneumothoraces heal without intervention. […] Some people experience repeated pneumothorax. Treatment options in this case include: […] Surgery to remove blebs or areas of scarring; […] Surgery to attach the lung to the chest wall; […] An injection that fuses the lung and chest wall together (chemical pleurodesis), removing the space for fluid to build up.

• #58 pneumothorax-in-the-adult-patient-

  https://ceufast.com/course/pneumothorax-in-the-adult-patient

  92% of participants will know how to assess, manage, and provide care for pneumothorax in adult patients. […] Implement nursing interventions, including chest tube and pain management and education on self-care and prevention of complications. […] Regularly assess the patient’s respiratory rate, oxygenation saturation, and breath sounds while observing for signs of respiratory distress such as increased work of breathing or decreased oxygen levels. […] Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed to maintain adequate oxygenation, monitor oxygen saturation levels, and adjust the oxygen flow as needed. […] Assess and manage the patient’s pain related to pneumothorax, including administering analgesics as prescribed and using non-pharmacological pain relief strategies, such as positioning and relaxation techniques.

• #59 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  Nursing care planning management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax may include: […] Nursing interventions may focus on promoting respiratory function and preventing complications. This may involve monitoring vital signs, oxygen saturation, and breath sounds, providing oxygen therapy, assisting with chest tube insertion and drainage, administering pain medication, and assessing for signs of shock or bleeding. […] For patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax, nursing interventions primarily revolve around optimizing respiratory function, preventing complications, and facilitating recovery. These interventions encompass monitoring vital signs, oxygen saturation, and breath sounds, administering oxygen therapy, assisting with chest tube insertion and drainage, evaluating pain levels and administering appropriate medication, assessing for signs of shock or bleeding, monitoring chest tube drainage, assessing respiratory status, promoting mobility and deep breathing exercises, and educating patients on recognizing signs of recurrence or potential complications.

• #60 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #61 Pneumothorax NCLEX Review Notes

  https://www.registerednursern.com/pneumothorax-nclex-review-notes/

  Patients who have a pneumothorax are experiencing a collapse lung due to air leaking into the intrapleural space. […] When taking care of a patient with a pneumothorax it is very important the nurse knows how to recognize the typical signs and symptoms seen in this condition, how it is diagnosed, nursing interventions, and patient education. […] Nursing intervention for an open chest wound: place a sterile occlusive dressing over the opening and tape it on 3 sides (leaving the 4th side free from tape). This prevents the wound from being occluded. This type of dressing will allow exhaled air to leave the opening but seal over the opening when inhaling (hence preventing a tension pneumothorax). […] Monitor breath sounds (equal sounds on both sides), equal rise and fall of the chest, vital signs (HR, blood pressure, oxygen saturation), and patient effort of breathing, subq emphysema (can be found on the face, abdomen, armpits, neck (affects breathing), administering oxygen as ordered. […] Maintain chest tube drainage system if placed by physician: Assessing for air leaks in the system, keep it secure. […] Keep HOB of the bed elevatedFowlers position.

• #62 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  The focus of pain management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax is to provide comfort and facilitate adequate respiratory function. The primary goal is to provide effective pain relief through the use of appropriate analgesic medications, considering the severity of pain and the individual patients needs. Close monitoring of pain levels and adjusting the pain management plan accordingly is crucial to ensure optimal pain control and patient comfort. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated. Oxygen aids in reducing the work of breathing; promotes relief of respiratory distress and cyanosis associated with hypoxemia. However, oxygen administration at 3L/minute nasal cannula or higher flow treats possible hypoxemia and is associated with a fourfold increase in the rate of pleural air absorption compared with room air alone.

• #63 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Administer oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L/min via a nasal cannula or higher to treat hypoxemia and enhance air absorption. […] Surgical treatment can be required if the patient has experienced multiple pneumothoraces or if the lung has not expanded after five days with a chest tube in place. Options may include: Thoracoscopy, Electrocautery, Laser treatment, Resection of blebs or pleura, Open thoracotomy, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). […] Perform pleurodesis (sclerotherapy) on patients with recurrent pneumothoraces who are not good surgical candidates. Pleurodesis reduces the possibility of pneumothorax recurrence. This procedure creates scar tissue between the layers of the pleura, effectively sticking them together to prevent the reaccumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space.

• #64 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #65 pneumothorax-in-the-adult-patient-

  https://ceufast.com/course/pneumothorax-in-the-adult-patient

  92% of participants will know how to assess, manage, and provide care for pneumothorax in adult patients. […] Implement nursing interventions, including chest tube and pain management and education on self-care and prevention of complications. […] Regularly assess the patient’s respiratory rate, oxygenation saturation, and breath sounds while observing for signs of respiratory distress such as increased work of breathing or decreased oxygen levels. […] Administer supplemental oxygen as prescribed to maintain adequate oxygenation, monitor oxygen saturation levels, and adjust the oxygen flow as needed. […] Assess and manage the patient’s pain related to pneumothorax, including administering analgesics as prescribed and using non-pharmacological pain relief strategies, such as positioning and relaxation techniques.

• #66 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  The focus of pain management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax is to provide comfort and facilitate adequate respiratory function. The primary goal is to provide effective pain relief through the use of appropriate analgesic medications, considering the severity of pain and the individual patients needs. Close monitoring of pain levels and adjusting the pain management plan accordingly is crucial to ensure optimal pain control and patient comfort. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated. Oxygen aids in reducing the work of breathing; promotes relief of respiratory distress and cyanosis associated with hypoxemia. However, oxygen administration at 3L/minute nasal cannula or higher flow treats possible hypoxemia and is associated with a fourfold increase in the rate of pleural air absorption compared with room air alone.

• #67 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #68 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pneumothorax & Hemothorax | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/pneumothorax-hemothorax?parentId=1483472

  Pathophysiology: Pneumothorax- A trauma occurs to the pleural space and air accumulates within the space. This puts positive pressure in a space that is normally filled with negative pressure. The air within the space compresses and collapses the lung. […] Nursing Points […] Therapeutic Management […] High-Fowlers Position […] Oxygen […] Remove air/blood […] Chest Tube Insertion […] Needle Decompression (for tension pneumothorax) […] Thoracentesis […] Three-Sided Dressing […] For open pneumo (sucking chest wound) […] Nonporous, occlusive dressing taped on three sides […] Creates one-way valve to allow air to escape, but not return. […] Nursing Concepts […] Oxygenation/Gas Exchange […] Supplemental O2 […] High-Fowlers […] Manage Chest Tube(s) […] Comfort […] Analgesics

• #69 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Indications for Insertion of a Chest Drain: Pneumothorax […] Ensure that there is emergency equipment at bedside including: At least two drain clamps per drain (For use in emergency only) […] Significant risk of tension pneumothorax development if clamped. […] Ensure that patients with an UWSD have appropriate and regular pain relief (IV opioid infusion, PCA etc). […] Ensure that the suction is on and ensure that the red bellow is all the way out. […] The water seal chamber should be assessed every hour for any potential air leaks. An air leak will be characterised by intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs. […] Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient. […] Referral to a physiotherapist should be made to enhance chest movement and prevent a chest infection and mobilisation and transferring should be encourage as appropriate where possible.

• #70 Pneumothorax – Respiratory Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/respiratory-disorders-2154/pneumothorax_1527

  Hypotension and tachycardia are common occurrences in patients that have developed a pneumothorax. […] It is important to keep the head of the bed elevated and place the patient in a position of comfort. […] A chest tube will be used to pull air and any fluid out of the pleural space. This allows for the lung to re-expand and attach back to the chest wall. […] Educate high risk patients about the risk of developing a pneumothorax.

• #71 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #72 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Indications for Insertion of a Chest Drain: Pneumothorax […] Ensure that there is emergency equipment at bedside including: At least two drain clamps per drain (For use in emergency only) […] Significant risk of tension pneumothorax development if clamped. […] Ensure that patients with an UWSD have appropriate and regular pain relief (IV opioid infusion, PCA etc). […] Ensure that the suction is on and ensure that the red bellow is all the way out. […] The water seal chamber should be assessed every hour for any potential air leaks. An air leak will be characterised by intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs. […] Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient. […] Referral to a physiotherapist should be made to enhance chest movement and prevent a chest infection and mobilisation and transferring should be encourage as appropriate where possible.

• #73 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Observe for abnormal and continuous water-seal chamber bubbling; this indicates a persistent air leak that may be from a large pneumothorax at the chest insertion site or chest drainage unit. […] If thoracic catheter is disconnected or dislodged: Observe for signs of respiratory distress. […] After thoracic catheter is removed: Cover insertion site with sterile occlusive dressing. […] Review serial chest x-rays. […] Monitor and graph serial ABGs and pulse oximetry. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated.

• #74 Pneumothorax NCLEX Review Notes

  https://www.registerednursern.com/pneumothorax-nclex-review-notes/

  Patients who have a pneumothorax are experiencing a collapse lung due to air leaking into the intrapleural space. […] When taking care of a patient with a pneumothorax it is very important the nurse knows how to recognize the typical signs and symptoms seen in this condition, how it is diagnosed, nursing interventions, and patient education. […] Nursing intervention for an open chest wound: place a sterile occlusive dressing over the opening and tape it on 3 sides (leaving the 4th side free from tape). This prevents the wound from being occluded. This type of dressing will allow exhaled air to leave the opening but seal over the opening when inhaling (hence preventing a tension pneumothorax). […] Monitor breath sounds (equal sounds on both sides), equal rise and fall of the chest, vital signs (HR, blood pressure, oxygen saturation), and patient effort of breathing, subq emphysema (can be found on the face, abdomen, armpits, neck (affects breathing), administering oxygen as ordered. […] Maintain chest tube drainage system if placed by physician: Assessing for air leaks in the system, keep it secure. […] Keep HOB of the bed elevatedFowlers position.

• #75 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Observe for abnormal and continuous water-seal chamber bubbling; this indicates a persistent air leak that may be from a large pneumothorax at the chest insertion site or chest drainage unit. […] If thoracic catheter is disconnected or dislodged: Observe for signs of respiratory distress. […] After thoracic catheter is removed: Cover insertion site with sterile occlusive dressing. […] Review serial chest x-rays. […] Monitor and graph serial ABGs and pulse oximetry. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated.

• #76 Nursing Bulletin Notes On Pneumothorax | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-bulletin-notes-on-pneumothorax/298862

  1) Nursing care for a patient with a chest tube involves monitoring the drainage system, turning the patient, and ensuring the tube does not become kinked or dislodged. […] 2) A chest tube may be placed to drain air or fluid from the pleural space and allow lung re-expansion. […] 3) Complications of tube thoracostomy include death, injury to lung or mediastinum, hemorrhage (usually from intercostal artery injury), neurovascular bundle injury, infection, bronchopleural fistula, and subcutaneous or intraperitoneal tube placement. […] 4) Nursing Care for pt with CTT: Ensure that the tubing is not kinked; tape all connections to prevent separation. […] 5) Nursing Care for pt with CTT: Encourage coughing and deep breathing every 2 hours, splinting the area as needed. […] 6) The chest tube usually remains in place until the X-rays show that all the blood, fluid, or air has drained from the chest and the lung has fully re-expanded.

• #77 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Observe for abnormal and continuous water-seal chamber bubbling; this indicates a persistent air leak that may be from a large pneumothorax at the chest insertion site or chest drainage unit. […] If thoracic catheter is disconnected or dislodged: Observe for signs of respiratory distress. […] After thoracic catheter is removed: Cover insertion site with sterile occlusive dressing. […] Review serial chest x-rays. […] Monitor and graph serial ABGs and pulse oximetry. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated.

• #78

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3682

  If you have a bandage over your chest tube, or the place where the chest tube was inserted, keep it clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions on bandage care. […] If you go home with a tube in place, follow the doctor’s directions. Do not adjust the tube in any way. This could break the seal or cause other problems. Keep the tube dry. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse trouble breathing. You have new pain or your pain gets worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: The skin around the place where the chest tube was put in is red or irritated. You do not get better as expected.

• #79 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Pneumothorax is the accumulation of atmospheric air in the pleural space, which results in a rise in intrathoracic pressure and reduced vital capacity. […] The loss of negative intrapleural pressure results in collapse of the lung. […] The priority is to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. The most important interventions focus on reinflating the lung by evacuating the pleural air. […] For patients with jeopardized gas exchange, chest tube insertion may be necessary to achieve lung re-expansion. […] Maintain a closed chest drainage system; be sure to tape all connections, and secure the tube carefully at the insertion site with adhesive bandages. […] Monitor a chest tube unit for any kinks or bubbling, which could indicate an air leak, but do not clamp a chest tube without a physician’s order because clamping may lead to tension pneumothorax.

• #80 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Indications for Insertion of a Chest Drain: Pneumothorax […] Ensure that there is emergency equipment at bedside including: At least two drain clamps per drain (For use in emergency only) […] Significant risk of tension pneumothorax development if clamped. […] Ensure that patients with an UWSD have appropriate and regular pain relief (IV opioid infusion, PCA etc). […] Ensure that the suction is on and ensure that the red bellow is all the way out. […] The water seal chamber should be assessed every hour for any potential air leaks. An air leak will be characterised by intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs. […] Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient. […] Referral to a physiotherapist should be made to enhance chest movement and prevent a chest infection and mobilisation and transferring should be encourage as appropriate where possible.

• #81 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  The focus of pain management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax is to provide comfort and facilitate adequate respiratory function. The primary goal is to provide effective pain relief through the use of appropriate analgesic medications, considering the severity of pain and the individual patients needs. Close monitoring of pain levels and adjusting the pain management plan accordingly is crucial to ensure optimal pain control and patient comfort. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation as indicated. Oxygen aids in reducing the work of breathing; promotes relief of respiratory distress and cyanosis associated with hypoxemia. However, oxygen administration at 3L/minute nasal cannula or higher flow treats possible hypoxemia and is associated with a fourfold increase in the rate of pleural air absorption compared with room air alone.

• #82 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  The range of medical therapeutic options for pneumothorax includes the following: Watchful waiting, with or without supplemental oxygen; Simple aspiration; Tube drainage, with or without medical pleurodesis. […] If the patient has had repeated episodes of pneumothorax or if the lung remains unexpanded after 5 days with a chest tube in place, operative therapy such as the following may be necessary: Thoracoscopy: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); Electrocautery: Pleurodesis or sclerotherapy; Laser treatment; Resection of blebs or pleura; Open thoracotomy. […] The following medications may be used to aid in the management of patients with pneumothorax: Local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine hydrochloride); Opioid anesthetics (eg, fentanyl citrate, morphine); Benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam, lorazepam); Antibiotics (eg, doxycycline, cefazolin).

• #83 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with pneumothorax. […] Administer medications as ordered. Prior to chest tube insertion, administer prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection from skin flora. Administer analgesics or prepare the patient for a nerve block to reduce pain. […] Assist in thoracostomy tube insertion. The treatment involves placing a thoracostomy tube (chest tube) following needle decompression. Heimlich valves are one-way valves that allow air to escape without using suction. SSP typically requires suction. […] For a small PSP where the patient is asymptomatic, observation is advised with oxygen administration as the pneumothorax will likely resolve on its own.

• #84 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Indications for Insertion of a Chest Drain: Pneumothorax […] Ensure that there is emergency equipment at bedside including: At least two drain clamps per drain (For use in emergency only) […] Significant risk of tension pneumothorax development if clamped. […] Ensure that patients with an UWSD have appropriate and regular pain relief (IV opioid infusion, PCA etc). […] Ensure that the suction is on and ensure that the red bellow is all the way out. […] The water seal chamber should be assessed every hour for any potential air leaks. An air leak will be characterised by intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs. […] Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient. […] Referral to a physiotherapist should be made to enhance chest movement and prevent a chest infection and mobilisation and transferring should be encourage as appropriate where possible.

• #85 Chest Tube Insertions: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/chest-tube-insertion-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Chest tubes can result in the following complications, including: Bleeding, Infection, Deep organ space infection (empyema), Tube dislodgement, Clogs in the tube, Re-expansion pulmonary edema, Intraabdominal organ injury. […] Chest tube insertion is a minimally invasive procedure that requires making an incision and inserting a thin plastic tube into the pleural space. Infection increases with the duration of the chest tube placement.

• #86 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #87 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Patients who are ambulant post operatively will usually have fewer complications and shorter lengths of stay. […] If the patient needs to be transferred to another department or is ambulant, the suction should be disconnected and left open to air. […] Pneumothorax – Signs and symptoms include: Decreased SpO2, increased respiratory effort, diminished breath sounds, decreased chest movement, complaints of chest pain, tachycardia or bradycardia, hypotension. […] Notify medical staff request an urgent CXR. […] Prepare for insertion/repositioning of chest drain.

• #88 Chest Tube Insertions: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/chest-tube-insertion-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Chest tubes can result in the following complications, including: Bleeding, Infection, Deep organ space infection (empyema), Tube dislodgement, Clogs in the tube, Re-expansion pulmonary edema, Intraabdominal organ injury. […] Chest tube insertion is a minimally invasive procedure that requires making an incision and inserting a thin plastic tube into the pleural space. Infection increases with the duration of the chest tube placement.

• #89 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Nursing interventions appropriate for the patient are: Reexpansion. The patient is instructed to inhale and strain against a closed glottis to reexpand the lung and eject the air from the thorax. Sterile covering. The opening is plugged by sealing it with gauze impregnated with petrolatum. Oxygen saturation. Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygen saturation. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Pain is relieved. Adhered to prescribed pharmacological regimen. Established a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by absence of cyanosis. Demonstrated increase in perfusion. Patient is relaxed and reported anxiety is reduced to a manageable level. […] Care of the patient at home should include: Asepsis. The site of incision should be handled aseptically to avoid occurrence of infection. Medications. Medications prescribed such as analgesics and antibiotics should be taken religiously. Follow up. Follow up appointments should be attended to allow the physician to assess the surgical site and the state of your respiratory system. Activity. Alternate rest and activities to avoid over exhaustion and difficulty in breathing.

• #90 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Example | Free PDF Download

  https://www.carepatron.com/templates/pneumothorax-nursing-care-plan

  Assess the patient’s response to nursing interventions regularly and adjust the care plan accordingly. Use the template’s evaluation section to document the patient’s progress toward achieving goals and any modifications to the care plan. […] A tailored nursing care plan of pneumothorax ensures that treatments match patients’ needs, leading to better recovery and improved satisfaction. […] This document reduces the chances of complications or medical errors by identifying risks and outlining preventive steps, keeping patients safer. […] A care plan ensures that care stays coordinated across different shifts and settings, preventing missed steps or confusion during transitions.

• #91 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Encourage smoking cessation. Evaluate the patients willingness to stop smoking and provide education and resources on smoking cessation. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Airway Clearance […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern.

• #92 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  You may need to have the trapped air removed from the pleural space if you have: ongoing symptoms, an underlying lung condition. […] Catheter aspiration involves inserting a thin tube into your chest wall. Local anaesthetic is used to numb your skin beforehand. […] Some people need a chest tube to release the air from the pleural space. […] If you’ve had a spontaneous pneumothorax, you’re at increased risk of having another one. […] Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of having another pneumothorax. […] Some people will need a procedure called a pleurodesis to prevent recurrence of pneumothorax.

• #93 Pneumothorax and Hemoptysis Clinical Care Guidelines | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation

  https://www.cff.org/medical-professionals/pneumothorax-and-hemoptysis-clinical-care-guidelines

  The patient with a small pneumothorax should have a chest tube placed if there is clinical instability. Delphi 4. The patient with a large pneumothorax should have a chest tube placed. Delphi […] The patient with a first pneumothorax should not undergo pleurodesis to prevent recurrence. Delphi 6. The patient with a recurrent, large pneumothorax should undergo pleurodesis to prevent recurrence. Delphi […] The expert committee could not gain a consensus or deliver a recommendation for management on this question. […] The patient with a pneumothorax should not fly on a plane for two weeks after the pneumothorax has resolved. Delphi 11. The patient with pneumothorax should not lift weights (5lbs) for two weeks after the pneumothorax has resolved. Delphi 12. The patient with pneumothorax should not perform spirometry for two weeks after the pneumothorax (both small and large) has resolved. Delphi

• #94 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  Educate the client regarding the avoidance of air travel or remote areas. The client should not travel by air or travel to remote sites until radiography shows complete resolution. although commercial air travel achieves a minimal change in gas volumes due to pressurization of the cabin, spontaneous pneumothorax has been described during commercial travel.

• #95 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Nursing interventions appropriate for the patient are: Reexpansion. The patient is instructed to inhale and strain against a closed glottis to reexpand the lung and eject the air from the thorax. Sterile covering. The opening is plugged by sealing it with gauze impregnated with petrolatum. Oxygen saturation. Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygen saturation. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Pain is relieved. Adhered to prescribed pharmacological regimen. Established a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by absence of cyanosis. Demonstrated increase in perfusion. Patient is relaxed and reported anxiety is reduced to a manageable level. […] Care of the patient at home should include: Asepsis. The site of incision should be handled aseptically to avoid occurrence of infection. Medications. Medications prescribed such as analgesics and antibiotics should be taken religiously. Follow up. Follow up appointments should be attended to allow the physician to assess the surgical site and the state of your respiratory system. Activity. Alternate rest and activities to avoid over exhaustion and difficulty in breathing.

• #96

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3682

  A collapsed lung (pneumothorax) is a buildup of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall. The pressure of the air against the lung makes the lung collapse. Your lung cannot fully expand when you inhale. This causes shortness of breath and chest pain. […] Treatment can depend on the cause and severity of the collapsed lung. Treatment can also depend on whether the problem has returned. Some people stay in the hospital for treatment. In some cases, oxygen may be given (through a mask). It may heal with rest, but your doctor will need to check you. It can take several days for the lung to expand again. Your doctor may have drained the excess air from your chest with a needle or tube. Sometimes surgery is done to help keep the lung inflated. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #97 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  Nursing interventions appropriate for the patient are: Reexpansion. The patient is instructed to inhale and strain against a closed glottis to reexpand the lung and eject the air from the thorax. Sterile covering. The opening is plugged by sealing it with gauze impregnated with petrolatum. Oxygen saturation. Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygen saturation. […] Expected patient outcomes include: Pain is relieved. Adhered to prescribed pharmacological regimen. Established a normal, effective respiratory pattern as evidenced by absence of cyanosis. Demonstrated increase in perfusion. Patient is relaxed and reported anxiety is reduced to a manageable level. […] Care of the patient at home should include: Asepsis. The site of incision should be handled aseptically to avoid occurrence of infection. Medications. Medications prescribed such as analgesics and antibiotics should be taken religiously. Follow up. Follow up appointments should be attended to allow the physician to assess the surgical site and the state of your respiratory system. Activity. Alternate rest and activities to avoid over exhaustion and difficulty in breathing.

• #98 Nursing Care Plans Pneumothorax ~ Lifenurses

  http://www.lifenurses.com/2010/09/nursing-care-plans-pneumothorax.html

  Evaluate respiratory function, noting rapid or shallow respirations, Dyspnea, reports of air hunger, development of cyanosis, and changes in vital signs. […] Administer supplemental oxygen via cannula, mask, or mechanical ventilation, as indicated. […] Teaching: Procedure/Treatment Review with client purpose and function of CDU, taking note of safety features. […] Instruct client to refrain from lying or pulling on tubing. […] Discuss the potential for recurrent spontaneous Pneumothorax, and review its signs and symptoms. […] Emphasize the need for immediate medical intervention if these should occur. […] Discharge and home healthcare guidance for patient with Pneumothorax; Review all follow-up appointments, which often involve chest x-rays, arterial blood gas analysis, and a physical exam. […] Teach the patient when to notify the physician of complications and to report any sudden chest pain or difficulty breathing.

• #99 Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15304-collapsed-lung-pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax can be a medical emergency. Go to the nearest emergency department right away if you think you could have collapsed lung. […] If you have symptoms of a collapsed lung, go to the nearest emergency room. You may need immediate care. […] Your treatment depends on the cause, size and severity of your pneumothorax. Treatment may include: […] If you have certain medical conditions or a family history of pneumothorax, you might not be able to prevent a collapsed lung. […] After going home from the hospital, it’s important to follow your provider’s recommendations for taking care of yourself. […] Go to the emergency room if you have symptoms of a collapsed lung. You may need immediate treatment. […] Many times, a pneumothorax can heal with minimal treatment. But any collapsed lung should be treated as a medical emergency until you know more. If you have signs or symptoms of a collapsed lung, such as chest pain or trouble breathing, get medical care right away. Your provider can determine the best form of treatment for you.

• #100

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3682

  If you have a bandage over your chest tube, or the place where the chest tube was inserted, keep it clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions on bandage care. […] If you go home with a tube in place, follow the doctor’s directions. Do not adjust the tube in any way. This could break the seal or cause other problems. Keep the tube dry. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse trouble breathing. You have new pain or your pain gets worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: The skin around the place where the chest tube was put in is red or irritated. You do not get better as expected.

• #101 Pneumothorax | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/pneumothorax

  A pneumothorax is when air leaks into the space between one of your lungs and your chest wall. […] The most common symptoms are sharp chest pain and breathing problems. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, as well as the type and size of your pneumothorax. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] If you have trouble breathing or chest pain, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. […] A tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency. Call triple zero (000) for an ambulance straight away if you have difficulty breathing. […] Treatment for your pneumothorax will be guided by: your symptoms, the type of pneumothorax, the size of the pneumothorax. […] If you have a primary spontaneous pneumothorax and only minor symptoms, your pneumothorax might clear up on its own. Symptoms usually get better within 1-2 days without specific treatment.

• #102

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3682

  If you have a bandage over your chest tube, or the place where the chest tube was inserted, keep it clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions on bandage care. […] If you go home with a tube in place, follow the doctor’s directions. Do not adjust the tube in any way. This could break the seal or cause other problems. Keep the tube dry. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse trouble breathing. You have new pain or your pain gets worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: The skin around the place where the chest tube was put in is red or irritated. You do not get better as expected.

• #103 Tension Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559090/

  Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency wherein a large air collection in the pleural space compromises respiration and cardiac function. […] Knowledge of emergency thoracic decompression procedures is essential for all healthcare professionals. […] Early recognition and management of tension pneumothorax saves lives. Rapid administration of emergency thoracic decompression is a skill all healthcare professionals must have. […] Immediate needle decompression must be performed without delay if the patient is hemodynamically unstable and clinical suspicion is high for pneumothorax. […] Needle decompression re-expands the collapsed lung. […] Chest tubes are usually managed by experienced nurses, respiratory therapists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians. […] Timely diagnosis and management help improve outcomes in patients with tension pneumothorax. […] The collaboration and coordination among these interprofessional team members are crucial in the prompt recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care of patients with tension pneumothorax.

• #104 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Chest drains also known as under water sealed drains (UWSD) are a drainage system of three chambers consisting of a water seal, suction control and drainage collection chamber. UWSD are designed to allow air or fluid to be removed from the pleural cavity, while also preventing backflow of air or fluid into the pleural space. This allows for the expansion of the lungs and restoration of negative pressure in the thoracic cavity. Appropriate chest drain management is required to maintain respiratory function and haemodynamic stability. […] To provide a clear guide for nursing staff to promote the safe, correct and competent management of the UWSD in the ward setting. […] Chylothorax: Collection of lymph fluid in the pleural space […] Pneumothorax: Collection of air in the pleural space […] Tension Pneumothorax: Air builds up in the pleural space and forces a mediastinal shift leading to decreased venous return to the heart and lung collapse/compression causing acute life-threatening respiratory and cardiovascular compromise.

• #105 Pneumothorax – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/cardiothoracic-surgery/pleural/pneumothorax/

  A pneumothorax is the presence of air within the pleural cavity. This is usually from a defect on the lung surface (e.g. rupture bullae) or through damage to the chest wall (e.g. following trauma). […] Air within the pleural cavity causes the physiological pleural seal to be lost, meaning the normal negative pressure in this space, that aids the lung expanding with chest wall movement, is lost. This impedes lung expansion and lead to partial or total lung collapse. […] A tension pneumothorax is a pneumothorax with a progressive accumulation of air within the pleural space, leading to cardiorespiratory compromise. […] If left untreated, this positive pressure causes mediastinal shift, pressure on venous return to the heart, and can result in eventual cardiac arrest. Patients with a tension pneumothorax will often present in extremis and require urgent decompression.

• #106 Pneumothorax NCLEX Questions

  https://www.registerednursern.com/pneumothorax-nclex-questions/

  As the nurse, it is important to know how to care for a patient with pneumothorax. In addition, the nurse needs to be aware of the causes, risk factors, and management of pneumothorax. […] You’re providing care to a patient with a pneumothorax who has a chest tube. On assessment of the chest tube system, you note there is no fluctuation of water in the water seal chamber as the patient inhales and exhales. You check the system for kinks and find none. What is your next nursing action? […] A patient has a chest tube for treatment of a pneumothorax in the left lung. Which finding during your assessment requires immediate nursing intervention? […] Which statement is CORRECT about a tension pneumothorax? […] A patient receiving treatment for a pneumothorax calls on the call light to tell you something is wrong with their chest tube. When you arrive to the room you note that the drainage system has fallen on its side and there is a large crack in the system. What is your next PRIORITY?

• #107 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Patients who are ambulant post operatively will usually have fewer complications and shorter lengths of stay. […] If the patient needs to be transferred to another department or is ambulant, the suction should be disconnected and left open to air. […] Pneumothorax – Signs and symptoms include: Decreased SpO2, increased respiratory effort, diminished breath sounds, decreased chest movement, complaints of chest pain, tachycardia or bradycardia, hypotension. […] Notify medical staff request an urgent CXR. […] Prepare for insertion/repositioning of chest drain.

• #108 Tension Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559090/

  Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency wherein a large air collection in the pleural space compromises respiration and cardiac function. […] Knowledge of emergency thoracic decompression procedures is essential for all healthcare professionals. […] Early recognition and management of tension pneumothorax saves lives. Rapid administration of emergency thoracic decompression is a skill all healthcare professionals must have. […] Immediate needle decompression must be performed without delay if the patient is hemodynamically unstable and clinical suspicion is high for pneumothorax. […] Needle decompression re-expands the collapsed lung. […] Chest tubes are usually managed by experienced nurses, respiratory therapists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians. […] Timely diagnosis and management help improve outcomes in patients with tension pneumothorax. […] The collaboration and coordination among these interprofessional team members are crucial in the prompt recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care of patients with tension pneumothorax.

• #109 Pneumothorax – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/cardiothoracic-surgery/pleural/pneumothorax/

  Initial management of suspected tension pneumothorax should be needle decompression with high-flow oxygen, then subsequent chest drain insertion. […] Following chest drain insertion, a CXR must be performed; any persisting pneumothorax or clinical instability warrants discussion with a thoracic surgeon. […] Further intervention is considered in those with a persistent air leak or failure of lung re-expansion. […] Those failing these interventions, or in traumatic cases, should be considered for surgical intervention.

• #110 Tension Pneumothorax – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559090/

  Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency wherein a large air collection in the pleural space compromises respiration and cardiac function. […] Knowledge of emergency thoracic decompression procedures is essential for all healthcare professionals. […] Early recognition and management of tension pneumothorax saves lives. Rapid administration of emergency thoracic decompression is a skill all healthcare professionals must have. […] Immediate needle decompression must be performed without delay if the patient is hemodynamically unstable and clinical suspicion is high for pneumothorax. […] Needle decompression re-expands the collapsed lung. […] Chest tubes are usually managed by experienced nurses, respiratory therapists, surgeons, and intensive care physicians. […] Timely diagnosis and management help improve outcomes in patients with tension pneumothorax. […] The collaboration and coordination among these interprofessional team members are crucial in the prompt recognition, immediate intervention, and comprehensive care of patients with tension pneumothorax.

• #111 understanding pneumothorax – General Nursing Support

  https://allnurses.com/understanding-pneumothorax-t549026/

  A puncture to the thoracic cavity changes the negative pressure inside the lung making it collapse. […] Spontaneous pneumothorax without a known cause is usually related to high risk factors. […] An open, traumatic wound leading to pneumothorax: the air can come from either an injured lung, the outside, or both. […] A tension pneumo occurs when the air inside the chest cavity accumulates faster than it is removed, thus leading to lung collapse, shifting of the mediastinum towards the unaffected side, and impaired bloodflow. […] We frequently see patients for pleurodesis following spontaneous pneumo. […] When a patient has a spontaneous pneumo, recurrence rate is pretty high. […] These patients not only get a chest tube to evacuate the pneumo, but at some point will come to the OR where the surgeon uses either a talc spray or mechanical methods that will lead to the lung adhering to the chest wall in hopes of not having it happen again.

• #112 Pneumothorax NCLEX Review Notes

  https://www.registerednursern.com/pneumothorax-nclex-review-notes/

  Patients who have a pneumothorax are experiencing a collapse lung due to air leaking into the intrapleural space. […] When taking care of a patient with a pneumothorax it is very important the nurse knows how to recognize the typical signs and symptoms seen in this condition, how it is diagnosed, nursing interventions, and patient education. […] Nursing intervention for an open chest wound: place a sterile occlusive dressing over the opening and tape it on 3 sides (leaving the 4th side free from tape). This prevents the wound from being occluded. This type of dressing will allow exhaled air to leave the opening but seal over the opening when inhaling (hence preventing a tension pneumothorax). […] Monitor breath sounds (equal sounds on both sides), equal rise and fall of the chest, vital signs (HR, blood pressure, oxygen saturation), and patient effort of breathing, subq emphysema (can be found on the face, abdomen, armpits, neck (affects breathing), administering oxygen as ordered. […] Maintain chest tube drainage system if placed by physician: Assessing for air leaks in the system, keep it secure. […] Keep HOB of the bed elevatedFowlers position.

• #113 Nursing a Patient With a Traumatic Pneumothorax | Today’s Veterinary Nurse

  https://todaysveterinarynurse.com/emergency-medicine-critical-care/nursing-a-patient-with-a-traumatic-pneumothorax/

  Achieving a good outcome for patients that have experienced a traumatic pneumothorax lies not only in the clinician’s diagnostic ability but also in excellent nursing care. […] Veterinary nurses and technicians play an important role in the nursing management of traumatic pneumothorax patients by performing patient assessments, performing diagnostic tests (e.g., laboratory analysis, imaging), recognizing changes in patient condition, and providing general nursing care. […] Oxygen support is indicated when the patient has demonstrated low oxygen levels (either a PaO2 <80 mm Hg or SpO2 <95%). It is also indicated in patients with suspected hypoxemia, respiratory distress, or cardiovascular compromise. [...] If a patient presents with an open chest wound, the wound should be sealed immediately with a sterile adhesive dressing.

• #114 Nursing Care and Pathophysiology for Pneumothorax & Hemothorax | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/pneumothorax-hemothorax?parentId=1483472

  Position of comfort […] Safety […] Three-sided dressing […] Also used if chest tube accidentally dislodged. […] So what do we do for these patients? Well in terms of nursing specific interventions we want to put them into high Fowler’s position and give supplemental O2 to improve oxygenation. Most of the time these patients will receive a chest tube inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space in order to drain the blood or to release the air. […] For a tension pneumothorax there’s an emergency procedure called a needle decompression. […] The last thing you need to be aware of is what to do if your patient has an open pneumothorax. […] Instead, we place a non-porous, occlusive dressing over the site, then we tape it on three sides. […] This is not a permanent fix, but in an emergency it will keep the patient from getting worse while we work on fixing the problem.

• #115 Pneumothorax Overview and Nursing Care | Coconote

  https://coconote.app/notes/eb4afd84-2afe-4873-8509-06b3382b44a8

  Pneumothorax Review Lecture Notes […] Nursing intervention includes covering the wound with an occlusive dressing taped on three sides. […] Monitor breath sounds, chest expansion, and vital signs (BP, HR, RR, O2 saturation). […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Position the patient in Fowler’s position to ease breathing. […] For open pneumothorax: Use a sterile occlusive dressing taped on three sides on the wound. […] Maintain chest tube drainage system (highlighted in the complementary video). […] Check for tube kinks if there is no fluctuation in the water seal chamber (indicates a possible kink or re-expanded lung).

• #116 Pneumothorax: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pneumothorax-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Administer oxygen at a flow rate of 3 L/min via a nasal cannula or higher to treat hypoxemia and enhance air absorption. […] Surgical treatment can be required if the patient has experienced multiple pneumothoraces or if the lung has not expanded after five days with a chest tube in place. Options may include: Thoracoscopy, Electrocautery, Laser treatment, Resection of blebs or pleura, Open thoracotomy, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS). […] Perform pleurodesis (sclerotherapy) on patients with recurrent pneumothoraces who are not good surgical candidates. Pleurodesis reduces the possibility of pneumothorax recurrence. This procedure creates scar tissue between the layers of the pleura, effectively sticking them together to prevent the reaccumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space.

• #117 Pneumothorax | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/respiratory/pneumothorax-25-05-2004/

  A pneumothorax is commonly known as a collapsed lung. It occurs when air or gas collects in the pleural space that surrounds the lungs. […] The objective is to remove air from the pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand. Treatment includes: […] Using a needle and syringe to remove air from the pleural space; […] Inserting a chest tube between the ribs and attaching a suction device; […] A controlled oxygen supply may be needed to help the patient breathe more easily; […] If there is serious chest injury, or treatment fails to expand the lung, then surgery may be necessary. Damaged or scarred sections of lung can be removed to allow the pneumothorax to heal; […] Some small pneumothoraces heal without intervention. […] Some people experience repeated pneumothorax. Treatment options in this case include: […] Surgery to remove blebs or areas of scarring; […] Surgery to attach the lung to the chest wall; […] An injection that fuses the lung and chest wall together (chemical pleurodesis), removing the space for fluid to build up.

• #118 Pneumothorax and Hemoptysis Clinical Care Guidelines | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation

  https://www.cff.org/medical-professionals/pneumothorax-and-hemoptysis-clinical-care-guidelines

  The patient with a small pneumothorax should have a chest tube placed if there is clinical instability. Delphi 4. The patient with a large pneumothorax should have a chest tube placed. Delphi […] The patient with a first pneumothorax should not undergo pleurodesis to prevent recurrence. Delphi 6. The patient with a recurrent, large pneumothorax should undergo pleurodesis to prevent recurrence. Delphi […] The expert committee could not gain a consensus or deliver a recommendation for management on this question. […] The patient with a pneumothorax should not fly on a plane for two weeks after the pneumothorax has resolved. Delphi 11. The patient with pneumothorax should not lift weights (5lbs) for two weeks after the pneumothorax has resolved. Delphi 12. The patient with pneumothorax should not perform spirometry for two weeks after the pneumothorax (both small and large) has resolved. Delphi

• #119 Acute Pneumothorax Evaluation and Treatment – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538316/

  Asymptomatic Patients with an incidentally discovered pneumothorax may not require intervention unless they are at high risk of recurrence. […] Patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax who have a high risk of recurrence, 2 surgical approaches have demonstrated comparable effectiveness: Thoracic pleurodesis using pleural abrasion with minocycline pleurodesis and Apical pleurectomy. […] Pharmacotherapy for pneumothorax primarily focuses on pain control, both from the pneumothorax itself and procedures such as thoracostomy or needle aspiration. […] The management of pneumothorax often requires consultation with multiple specialists, depending on its severity and underlying cause. […] Preventing recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax requires patient education on risk factors and lifestyle modifications.

• #120 Pneumothorax | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/respiratory/pneumothorax-25-05-2004/

  A pneumothorax is commonly known as a collapsed lung. It occurs when air or gas collects in the pleural space that surrounds the lungs. […] The objective is to remove air from the pleural space, allowing the lung to re-expand. Treatment includes: […] Using a needle and syringe to remove air from the pleural space; […] Inserting a chest tube between the ribs and attaching a suction device; […] A controlled oxygen supply may be needed to help the patient breathe more easily; […] If there is serious chest injury, or treatment fails to expand the lung, then surgery may be necessary. Damaged or scarred sections of lung can be removed to allow the pneumothorax to heal; […] Some small pneumothoraces heal without intervention. […] Some people experience repeated pneumothorax. Treatment options in this case include: […] Surgery to remove blebs or areas of scarring; […] Surgery to attach the lung to the chest wall; […] An injection that fuses the lung and chest wall together (chemical pleurodesis), removing the space for fluid to build up.

• #121 Spontaneous pneumothorax – surgical prevention – TrainerRoad

  https://www.trainerroad.com/forum/t/spontaneous-pneumothorax-surgical-prevention/72084

  Anyone here had surgery to prevent further spontaneous pneumothorax occurrences? […] The surgical procedure I am referencing has been described to me as follows: Video Assisted Thorascopy (VATS) where cardiothoracic surgeon makes a few button hole incisions, places cameras, deflates the lungs so they can excise/staple the blebs. […] You will wake up from surgery with chest tubes that will then be removed within 1-2 days and be in the hospital 4-5 days. […] Because spontaneous pneumothorax is most common in tall thin males, I suspect your surgeon has experience with treating athletes, so Id definitely follow their advice/experience on what to expect. […] TL:DR If they want you to do a bowel prep pre-op, expect a lot of immediate pain in the first few days. […] Heavy breathing is going to be painful, and youll need to avoid it for healing purposes anyway for a while.

• #122 Spontaneous pneumothorax – surgical prevention – TrainerRoad

  https://www.trainerroad.com/forum/t/spontaneous-pneumothorax-surgical-prevention/72084

  I definitely think it should be better for you than it was for the boys, especially in terms of return to activity (it was about 4 months before cleared for MTB), but definitely ask why the 4-5 day post-op stay! […] My understanding is that the procedure applies to the entire lung and the chance of recurrence thereafter is very, very low whereas now, with each recurrence it gets exponentially more likely. […] Additionally, I have heard from numerous folks that the lung drop coupled with the emergency chest tubes are worse and more painful than the procedure I am contemplating in the long run. […] Definitely better to have professionals, youre probably going to need some physical help just getting out of bed for the first few days, and youll probably get some PT/respiratory therapy starting on the first post-op day, which you cant really do at home.

• #123 Spontaneous pneumothorax – surgical prevention – TrainerRoad

  https://www.trainerroad.com/forum/t/spontaneous-pneumothorax-surgical-prevention/72084

  The surgery was ok, I was in the hospital for four days with a chest tube, […] I was pretty wiped out for two weeks after the surgery (body was recovering – couldnt work, just lay in bed and watched tv). […] Surgery was last Thursday. Chest tube out and went home on Sunday. […] Outside of the 15-20 minutes after waking up when they had yet to start my epidural pain meds for some reason, it was not that bad. […] I started taking walks about a week ago and had my first, easy trainer ride yesterday. […] I was restricted from activity (nothing more strenuous than lifting a gallon of milk) for about 7 weeks simply to make sure the healing was complete, but after that I was free to get back at it. […] The surgery wasnt a lot of fun, but it wasnt that terrible. 3 nights in the hospital with manageable pain thanks to the epidural drip of fentanyl then 1 or 2 days/nights of a little more annoying pain at home and it was pretty easy from there out.

• #124 Spontaneous pneumothorax – surgical prevention – TrainerRoad

  https://www.trainerroad.com/forum/t/spontaneous-pneumothorax-surgical-prevention/72084

  The surgery was ok, I was in the hospital for four days with a chest tube, […] I was pretty wiped out for two weeks after the surgery (body was recovering – couldnt work, just lay in bed and watched tv). […] Surgery was last Thursday. Chest tube out and went home on Sunday. […] Outside of the 15-20 minutes after waking up when they had yet to start my epidural pain meds for some reason, it was not that bad. […] I started taking walks about a week ago and had my first, easy trainer ride yesterday. […] I was restricted from activity (nothing more strenuous than lifting a gallon of milk) for about 7 weeks simply to make sure the healing was complete, but after that I was free to get back at it. […] The surgery wasnt a lot of fun, but it wasnt that terrible. 3 nights in the hospital with manageable pain thanks to the epidural drip of fentanyl then 1 or 2 days/nights of a little more annoying pain at home and it was pretty easy from there out.

• #125 Pneumothorax: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424547-overview

  The range of medical therapeutic options for pneumothorax includes the following: Watchful waiting, with or without supplemental oxygen; Simple aspiration; Tube drainage, with or without medical pleurodesis. […] If the patient has had repeated episodes of pneumothorax or if the lung remains unexpanded after 5 days with a chest tube in place, operative therapy such as the following may be necessary: Thoracoscopy: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS); Electrocautery: Pleurodesis or sclerotherapy; Laser treatment; Resection of blebs or pleura; Open thoracotomy. […] The following medications may be used to aid in the management of patients with pneumothorax: Local anesthetics (eg, lidocaine hydrochloride); Opioid anesthetics (eg, fentanyl citrate, morphine); Benzodiazepines (eg, midazolam, lorazepam); Antibiotics (eg, doxycycline, cefazolin).

• #126 Chest drain management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/chest_drain_management/

  Indications for Insertion of a Chest Drain: Pneumothorax […] Ensure that there is emergency equipment at bedside including: At least two drain clamps per drain (For use in emergency only) […] Significant risk of tension pneumothorax development if clamped. […] Ensure that patients with an UWSD have appropriate and regular pain relief (IV opioid infusion, PCA etc). […] Ensure that the suction is on and ensure that the red bellow is all the way out. […] The water seal chamber should be assessed every hour for any potential air leaks. An air leak will be characterised by intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber when the patient with a pneumothorax exhales or coughs. […] Continuous bubbling of this chamber indicates large air leak between the drain and the patient. […] Referral to a physiotherapist should be made to enhance chest movement and prevent a chest infection and mobilisation and transferring should be encourage as appropriate where possible.

• #127 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/pneumothorax/

  Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation are prescribed as needed. […] Apply a dressing over an open chest wound. […] Administer oxygen as prescribed. […] Prepare for chest tube placement until the lung has expanded fully. […] Monitor chest tube drainage system. […] Monitor for subcutaneous emphysema. […] Observe for synchronous respiratory pattern when using mechanical ventilator. Note changes in airway pressures. […] Auscultate breath sounds. […] Note chest excursion and position of trachea. […] Maintain position of comfort, usually with head of bed elevated. […] Once chest tube is inserted: Maintain prescribed intrapleural negativity, which promotes optimum lung expansion and fluid drainage. […] Monitor fluid level in water-seal chamber; maintain at prescribed level.

• #128 7 Hemothorax and Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plans and Management – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/hemothorax-pneumothorax-nursing-care-plans/

  Nursing care planning management for patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax may include: […] Nursing interventions may focus on promoting respiratory function and preventing complications. This may involve monitoring vital signs, oxygen saturation, and breath sounds, providing oxygen therapy, assisting with chest tube insertion and drainage, administering pain medication, and assessing for signs of shock or bleeding. […] For patients with hemothorax and pneumothorax, nursing interventions primarily revolve around optimizing respiratory function, preventing complications, and facilitating recovery. These interventions encompass monitoring vital signs, oxygen saturation, and breath sounds, administering oxygen therapy, assisting with chest tube insertion and drainage, evaluating pain levels and administering appropriate medication, assessing for signs of shock or bleeding, monitoring chest tube drainage, assessing respiratory status, promoting mobility and deep breathing exercises, and educating patients on recognizing signs of recurrence or potential complications.

• #129 Nursing Bulletin Notes On Pneumothorax | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nursing-bulletin-notes-on-pneumothorax/298862

  1) Nursing care for a patient with a chest tube involves monitoring the drainage system, turning the patient, and ensuring the tube does not become kinked or dislodged. […] 2) A chest tube may be placed to drain air or fluid from the pleural space and allow lung re-expansion. […] 3) Complications of tube thoracostomy include death, injury to lung or mediastinum, hemorrhage (usually from intercostal artery injury), neurovascular bundle injury, infection, bronchopleural fistula, and subcutaneous or intraperitoneal tube placement. […] 4) Nursing Care for pt with CTT: Ensure that the tubing is not kinked; tape all connections to prevent separation. […] 5) Nursing Care for pt with CTT: Encourage coughing and deep breathing every 2 hours, splinting the area as needed. […] 6) The chest tube usually remains in place until the X-rays show that all the blood, fluid, or air has drained from the chest and the lung has fully re-expanded.

• #130 Pneumothorax and Hemoptysis Clinical Care Guidelines | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation

  https://www.cff.org/medical-professionals/pneumothorax-and-hemoptysis-clinical-care-guidelines

  Some airway clearance therapies, specifically positive expiratory pressure and intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, should not be used in patients with pneumothorax. Delphi 16. There was no consensus reached by the expert panel on withholding other methods of airway clearance, although a higher rating was given to withholding airway clearance therapies for the patient with a large pneumothorax. Consensus was not sufficient to make a definitive recommendation. […] The patient with pneumothorax should not stop aerosol therapies. Delphi

• #131 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  The focus of documentation should include: Clients description of pain. Acceptable level of pain. Prior medication use. Respiratory pattern, breath sounds, use of accessory muscles. Laboratory values. Use of respiratory aids or supports. Pulses and BP. Nature, extent, and duration of the problem. Level of anxiety. Description of feelings (expressed and displayed). Awareness and ability to recognize and express feelings. Plan of care. Teaching plan. Response to interventions, teachings, and actions performed. Attainment or progress toward desired outcomes. Modifications to the plan of care. Long term needs.

• #132 Pneumothorax Nursing Care and Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/pneumothorax/

  The focus of documentation should include: Clients description of pain. Acceptable level of pain. Prior medication use. Respiratory pattern, breath sounds, use of accessory muscles. Laboratory values. Use of respiratory aids or supports. Pulses and BP. Nature, extent, and duration of the problem. Level of anxiety. Description of feelings (expressed and displayed). Awareness and ability to recognize and express feelings. Plan of care. Teaching plan. Response to interventions, teachings, and actions performed. Attainment or progress toward desired outcomes. Modifications to the plan of care. Long term needs.

• #133 Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan & Example | Free PDF Download

  https://www.carepatron.com/templates/pneumothorax-nursing-care-plan

  Enhance patient care with our comprehensive Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan to ensure effective assessment, management, and recovery. […] Nurses must also have a process to identify a patient’s needs and potential risks, which is what a nursing care plan will do. Nurses are critical in the assessment and nursing diagnosis of pneumothorax, facilitating prompt recognition and treatment. […] A Pneumothorax Nursing Care Plan is a structured guide that helps nurses manage symptoms, monitor the patient’s condition, and promote lung recovery. […] Include the patient’s specific needs and goals. Use the template’s planning section to outline nursing interventions, goals, and expected outcomes for managing pneumothorax effectively. […] Formulate the nursing interventions and collaborate with other healthcare team members as necessary. Document the actions to address the patient’s pneumothorax, such as administering oxygen therapy, monitoring respiratory status, and assisting with chest tube management.

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