Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #2 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  Narcolepsy is a condition that makes people very sleepy during the day and can cause them to fall asleep suddenly. Some people also have other symptoms, such as muscle weakness when they feel strong emotions. […] The symptoms can have serious effects on daily life. People with narcolepsy have trouble staying awake for long periods of time. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy may get worse during the first few years. Then they continue for life. Symptoms include: […] Extreme daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is the first symptom to appear, and the sleepiness makes it hard to focus and function. People with narcolepsy feel less alert and focused during the day. They also fall asleep without warning. […] Sudden loss of muscle tone. This condition is called cataplexy. It can cause slurred speech or complete weakness of most muscles for up to a few minutes.

• #3 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/narcolepsy/

  Narcolepsy occurs when the part of the brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness does not function properly, causing sudden spells of Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) sleep the dreaming state of sleep. […] Symptoms generally begin between the ages of 15 and 30. The four classic symptoms of the disorder (although not all sufferers will have all four) are: Excessive daytime sleepiness. Cataplexy: a striking, sudden episode of muscle weakness triggered by high emotions. […] The development, number and severity of symptoms vary widely among individuals with the disorder but excessive sleepiness is usually the first and most prominent symptom of narcolepsy. […] In many cases diagnosis is not made until many years after the onset of symptoms. […] Early diagnosis and treatment, however, are important to the physical and mental well-being of the sufferer, since studies have shown that even treated narcoleptic patients are often markedly psychosocially impaired in the area of work, leisure, interpersonal relations, and are more prone to accidents.

• #4 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Tests, and MoreHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects the nervous system. It causes abnormal sleep that can affect a person’s quality of life. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy usually begin between the ages of 7 and 25, although the condition is often not recognized right away and often misdiagnosed. It typically starts in the mid-teenage years. […] Narcolepsy causes significant daytime drowsiness and “sleep attacks,” or overwhelming urges to fall asleep, and poor fragmented sleep at night. […] In many cases, it also causes unexpected and temporary loss of muscle control, known as cataplexy. This can be mistaken for seizure activity, especially in children. This is now called narcolepsy type 1. When cataplexy is absent, it’s called narcolepsy type 2. […] Narcolepsy isn’t a deadly disease by itself, but episodes can lead to accidents, injuries, or life-threatening situations.

• #5 Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm

  Narcolepsy is a nervous system problem that causes extreme sleepiness and attacks of daytime sleep. […] Narcolepsy symptoms usually first occur between age 15 and 30 years. Below are the most common symptoms. […] You may feel a strong urge to sleep, often followed by a period of sleep. You can’t control when you fall asleep. This is called a sleep attack. […] Most people with narcolepsy have daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Not everyone has all these symptoms. Surprisingly, despite being very tired, many people with narcolepsy don’t sleep well at night. […] There are two main types of narcolepsy: Type 1 involves having excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and a low level of hypocretin. Type 2 involves having excessive daytime sleepiness, but no cataplexy, and a normal level of hypocretin. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition. […] Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment. Treating other underlying sleep disorders can improve narcolepsy symptoms.

• #6

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms/

  Not everyone with narcolepsy has the same symptoms. Some people have symptoms regularly, while others are less frequently affected. […] Narcolepsy is usually a long-term (chronic) condition. Symptoms may develop slowly over a number of years, or suddenly over the course of a few weeks. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness is usually the first sign of narcolepsy. It can have a significant impact on everyday life. […] Sleep attacks, where you fall asleep suddenly and without warning, are also common in people with narcolepsy. They may happen at any time. […] Most people who have narcolepsy also experience cataplexy, which is sudden temporary muscle weakness or loss of muscular control. […] Some people with narcolepsy experience episodes of sleep paralysis. This is a temporary inability to move or speak that occurs when waking up or falling asleep. […] Narcolepsy can also cause a number of other symptoms, including hallucinations seeing or hearing things that are not real, particularly when going to sleep or waking up; a presence in the bedroom is the most commonly reported hallucination.

• #7

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/narcolepsy/

  Narcolepsy is a rare long-term brain condition that can prevent a person from choosing when to wake or sleep. […] The brain is unable to regulate sleeping and waking patterns normally, which can result in excessive daytime sleepiness feeling very drowsy throughout the day and finding it difficult to concentrate and stay awake. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy often begin during adolescence, although it’s usually diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40.

• #8

  https://www.narcolepsylink.com/screening-and-diagnosis/recognizing-symptoms/

  There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cata plexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms. The burden of narcolepsy goes beyond symptoms. Cataplexy is estimated to be present in 65%-75% of patients with narcolepsy. This most specific symptom of narcolepsy type 1 is the sudden, generally brief (2 minutes) loss of muscle tone with retained consciousness. Hallucinations (hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic) may affect 33%-80% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects 100% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day, resulting in periods of an irrepressible need for sleep or unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy and often the most disabling. Sleep paralysis may affect 25%-50% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption is estimated to affect 30%-95% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption (also known as disrupted nighttime sleep) is due to frequent awakenings, resulting in poor quality sleep. Because narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep-wake state instability, many patients commonly report disruption of nighttime sleep.

• #9

  https://www.narcolepsylink.com/screening-and-diagnosis/recognizing-symptoms/

  There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cata plexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms. The burden of narcolepsy goes beyond symptoms. Cataplexy is estimated to be present in 65%-75% of patients with narcolepsy. This most specific symptom of narcolepsy type 1 is the sudden, generally brief (2 minutes) loss of muscle tone with retained consciousness. Hallucinations (hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic) may affect 33%-80% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects 100% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day, resulting in periods of an irrepressible need for sleep or unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy and often the most disabling. Sleep paralysis may affect 25%-50% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption is estimated to affect 30%-95% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption (also known as disrupted nighttime sleep) is due to frequent awakenings, resulting in poor quality sleep. Because narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep-wake state instability, many patients commonly report disruption of nighttime sleep.

• #10 Narcolepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-overview

  Narcolepsy is characterized by the classic tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy frequently is unrecognized, with a typical delay of 10 years between onset and diagnosis. Approximately 50% of adults with the disorder retrospectively report symptoms beginning in their teenage years. This disorder may lead to impairment of social and academic performance in otherwise intellectually normal children. If left untreated, narcolepsy may be psychosocially devastating. Narcoleptic children may suffer poor school performance, social impairment, ridicule from peers, and dysfunction in other activities of normal childhood development. Affected adults often perceive narcoleptic symptoms as embarrassing, and social isolation may result. Job impairment may result from sleep attacks, memory problems, cataplexy, interpersonal problems, and personality changes. These symptoms may lead coworkers to perceive narcoleptics as lazy, inattentive, and lacking motivation. Narcolepsy can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the frequency of cataplexy, need for naps, and disturbance of nocturnal sleep.

• #11 Narcolepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy

  The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness occurs even after adequate night time sleep. A person with narcolepsy is likely to become drowsy or fall asleep, often at inappropriate or undesired times and places, or just be very tired throughout the day. […] The classic symptoms of the disorder, often referred to as the „tetrad of narcolepsy”, are cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and excessive daytime sleepiness. […] In most cases, the first symptom of narcolepsy to appear is excessive and overwhelming daytime sleepiness. The other symptoms may begin alone or in combination months or years after the onset of the daytime naps.

• #12 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  Narcolepsy is a condition that makes people very sleepy during the day and can cause them to fall asleep suddenly. Some people also have other symptoms, such as muscle weakness when they feel strong emotions. […] The symptoms can have serious effects on daily life. People with narcolepsy have trouble staying awake for long periods of time. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy may get worse during the first few years. Then they continue for life. Symptoms include: […] Extreme daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is the first symptom to appear, and the sleepiness makes it hard to focus and function. People with narcolepsy feel less alert and focused during the day. They also fall asleep without warning. […] Sudden loss of muscle tone. This condition is called cataplexy. It can cause slurred speech or complete weakness of most muscles for up to a few minutes.

• #13 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #14 Narcolepsy – Narcolepsy | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic disorder that makes people very sleepy during the day and disrupts sleep at night. People living with narcolepsy fall asleep without warning during daily activities such as eating, working, or driving. […] A common symptom of narcolepsy is suddenly feeling very sleepy during the day. This is called a sleep attack. People with narcolepsy also wake up often at night. Other common symptoms are hallucinations and sleep paralysis, which occur when falling asleep or waking up. […] Type 1 narcolepsy involves a sudden loss of control over muscles, called cataplexy. Emotions such as laughter, fear, anger, stress, or excitement may trigger cataplexy. […] Half of people with narcolepsy never receive a diagnosis. Even when they do, their diagnosis may happen years after the symptoms appear.

• #15 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #16 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #17 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #18

  https://www.narcolepsylink.com/screening-and-diagnosis/recognizing-symptoms/

  There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cata plexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms. The burden of narcolepsy goes beyond symptoms. Cataplexy is estimated to be present in 65%-75% of patients with narcolepsy. This most specific symptom of narcolepsy type 1 is the sudden, generally brief (2 minutes) loss of muscle tone with retained consciousness. Hallucinations (hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic) may affect 33%-80% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects 100% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day, resulting in periods of an irrepressible need for sleep or unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy and often the most disabling. Sleep paralysis may affect 25%-50% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption is estimated to affect 30%-95% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption (also known as disrupted nighttime sleep) is due to frequent awakenings, resulting in poor quality sleep. Because narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep-wake state instability, many patients commonly report disruption of nighttime sleep.

• #19 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-3

  This intense and persistent sleepiness often leads to inattention and drowsiness. […] About half of all people with narcolepsy have cataplexy: episodes of muscle weakness that are usually triggered by strong emotions. […] Cataplexy usually develops a few months after the onset of sleepiness, though sometimes the first episode of cataplexy will occur many years after sleepiness begins. […] In its severe form, cataplexy can cause weakness of the face, limbs, and trunk, leading an individual to slump to the ground, awake but unable to talk or move for up to one or two minutes. […] Many people with narcolepsy have dream-like hallucinations just as they are falling asleep or waking up. […] These hallucinations can be quite vivid and may be frightening, such as a sense of a threatening stranger or dangerous animal in the room. […] Sleep paralysis is an inability to move when on the edge of sleep. […] People with narcolepsy are very sleepy during the day, yet many have trouble sleeping through the night.

• #20 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  Narcolepsy is a condition that makes people very sleepy during the day and can cause them to fall asleep suddenly. Some people also have other symptoms, such as muscle weakness when they feel strong emotions. […] The symptoms can have serious effects on daily life. People with narcolepsy have trouble staying awake for long periods of time. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy may get worse during the first few years. Then they continue for life. Symptoms include: […] Extreme daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is the first symptom to appear, and the sleepiness makes it hard to focus and function. People with narcolepsy feel less alert and focused during the day. They also fall asleep without warning. […] Sudden loss of muscle tone. This condition is called cataplexy. It can cause slurred speech or complete weakness of most muscles for up to a few minutes.

• #21

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/alberta/Pages/narcolepsy.aspx

  Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that makes you very sleepy, even if you had a good sleep the night before. You can be so sleepy that you have sudden attacks of falling asleep. […] Symptoms of narcolepsy include: feel sleepy during the day, easily falling asleep throughout the day, seeing, feeling, or hearing things that seem like a dream but aren’t real (called hallucinations), not being able to move close to the time you fall asleep or wake up (called sleep paralysis), sudden muscle weakness after an emotion (called cataplexy). […] Cataplexy can happen after a strong emotion, like being very happy, surprised, or mad. It can also happen during laughing. With cataplexy, you lose your normal muscle tone. This causes your knees to buckle, your head to drop, or your jaw to drop. In some cases, you may even fall down and not be able to move for a few seconds or minutes.

• #22 Do I Have Narcolepsy? – National Sleep Foundation

  https://www.thensf.org/do-i-have-narcolepsy/

  While everyone with narcolepsy has EDS, some may experience it differently. EDS may present as feeling irritable, having trouble concentrating, experiencing memory problems, or feeling extremely fatigued. […] Cataplexy is usually triggered by strong emotions, like laughter, stress, or anger. […] People with narcolepsy may experience sleep paralysis while falling asleep or waking up. […] Ironically, while people with narcolepsy feel fatigued during the day, about half of all people with narcolepsy report trouble sleeping at night. Someone with narcolepsy may have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. […] Medications and lifestyle changes are recommended to improve symptoms of narcolepsy.

• #23 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-3

  This intense and persistent sleepiness often leads to inattention and drowsiness. […] About half of all people with narcolepsy have cataplexy: episodes of muscle weakness that are usually triggered by strong emotions. […] Cataplexy usually develops a few months after the onset of sleepiness, though sometimes the first episode of cataplexy will occur many years after sleepiness begins. […] In its severe form, cataplexy can cause weakness of the face, limbs, and trunk, leading an individual to slump to the ground, awake but unable to talk or move for up to one or two minutes. […] Many people with narcolepsy have dream-like hallucinations just as they are falling asleep or waking up. […] These hallucinations can be quite vivid and may be frightening, such as a sense of a threatening stranger or dangerous animal in the room. […] Sleep paralysis is an inability to move when on the edge of sleep. […] People with narcolepsy are very sleepy during the day, yet many have trouble sleeping through the night.

• #24 Narcolepsy | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/narcolepsy-in-children

  Narcolepsy symptoms can appear all at once or they can develop slowly over many years. The four most common symptoms are: excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. In some cases, excessive daytime sleepiness is the only symptom. […] EDS is usually the first symptom of narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy often report feeling easily tired or tired all the time. They tend to fall asleep not only in situations in which many normal people feel sleepy (after meals or during a dull lecture), but also when most people would remain awake (while watching a movie or writing a letter). People with narcolepsy may also have a „sleep attack” at a very unusual and sometimes dangerous time (while in the middle of a conversation or driving a car). […] Cataplexy is sometimes the first symptom of narcolepsy, but usually it develops several years after EDS. Attacks of cataplexy are sudden, brief losses of muscle control. Cataplexy may be mild (such as a brief feeling of weakness in the knees) or it may cause complete physical collapse, resulting in a fall. A person having such an attack is fully awake and knows what is happening. Cataplexy is triggered by stress or a strong emotion such as laughter, anger or surprise. In some individuals, attacks can be caused by simply remembering or anticipating an emotional or anxiety-producing situation.

• #25 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155244

  Cataplexy refers to sudden muscle weakness that affects the face, neck, and knees. […] This weakness is temporary, lasting 2 minutes or less, but it can lead to falls and other accidents. […] This is an inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. […] There is currently no cure for narcolepsy, but taking prescription medication and modifying some lifestyle habits can help a person manage the condition and stay safe. […] People with type 1 narcolepsy have low levels of hypocretin, but those with type 2 do not. […] A brain injury, tumor, or other condition that affects the brain can also sometimes lead to narcolepsy.

• #26

  https://www.narcolepsylink.com/screening-and-diagnosis/recognizing-symptoms/

  There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cata plexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms. The burden of narcolepsy goes beyond symptoms. Cataplexy is estimated to be present in 65%-75% of patients with narcolepsy. This most specific symptom of narcolepsy type 1 is the sudden, generally brief (2 minutes) loss of muscle tone with retained consciousness. Hallucinations (hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic) may affect 33%-80% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects 100% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day, resulting in periods of an irrepressible need for sleep or unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy and often the most disabling. Sleep paralysis may affect 25%-50% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption is estimated to affect 30%-95% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption (also known as disrupted nighttime sleep) is due to frequent awakenings, resulting in poor quality sleep. Because narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep-wake state instability, many patients commonly report disruption of nighttime sleep.

• #27 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  People with narcolepsy may experience sleep paralysis. During sleep paralysis, the person can’t move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking. […] Changes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep is when most dreaming happens. Typically, people enter REM sleep 60 to 90 minutes after falling asleep. But people with narcolepsy often move more quickly to REM sleep. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition and does not have a cure. However, medicines and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms. Support from family, friends, employers and teachers can help people cope with the condition.

• #28 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Sleep paralysis: You may be unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes usually last a few seconds to several minutes. […] Disrupted sleep: You might have a hard time staying asleep at night because of things such as vivid dreams, breathing problems, or body movements. […] Narcolepsy doesn’t usually get worse over time. In fact, your symptoms may get better to some extent. But they’ll never go away. Treatment can help you manage them, and you can also learn ways to adapt.

• #29 Narcolepsy | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/narcolepsy-in-children

  Sleep paralysis also causes a brief loss of muscle control. Sleep paralysis occurs upon waking up or falling asleep. It is the feeling of being unable to move or speak, even though totally aware of the surroundings. Unlike cataplexy, touching the person usually causes the paralysis to disappear. […] Hypnagogic hallucinations are vivid dreamlike experiences that are difficult to distinguish from reality. The dream is often like a nightmare, involving images or sounds of strange animals or prowlers. These dreams are particularly frightening because the person is awake but has no control over the action. The dreams are also disturbing because they can be mistaken for the hallucinations or the delusions of mental illness. A person with narcolepsy may also have other symptoms. […] Disturbed nighttime sleep frequently occurs in people with narcolepsy. Although they have difficulty staying awake during the day, they may also have difficulty staying asleep at night. The many nighttime awakenings further increase the problem of sleepiness during the day.

• #30 Narcolepsy – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  While people are awake during the day, a sudden, temporary episode of muscle weakness without loss of consciousness called cataplexy may be triggered by a sudden emotional reaction such as anger, fear, joy, laughter, or surprise. […] Occasionally, when just falling asleep or immediately after awakening, people try to move but cannot. This experience, called sleep paralysis, can be terrifying. […] When just falling asleep or, less often, when awakening, people may clearly see images or hear sounds that are not there. These extremely vivid hallucinations are similar to those of normal dreaming but are more intense. […] In people with narcolepsy, nighttime sleep may be interrupted periodically by awakenings and vivid, frightening dreams. As a result, sleep is unrefreshing, and people may be even sleepier during the day. […] Narcolepsy persists throughout life but does not affect life expectancy.

• #31 Narcolepsy | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/narcolepsy-in-children

  Sleep paralysis also causes a brief loss of muscle control. Sleep paralysis occurs upon waking up or falling asleep. It is the feeling of being unable to move or speak, even though totally aware of the surroundings. Unlike cataplexy, touching the person usually causes the paralysis to disappear. […] Hypnagogic hallucinations are vivid dreamlike experiences that are difficult to distinguish from reality. The dream is often like a nightmare, involving images or sounds of strange animals or prowlers. These dreams are particularly frightening because the person is awake but has no control over the action. The dreams are also disturbing because they can be mistaken for the hallucinations or the delusions of mental illness. A person with narcolepsy may also have other symptoms. […] Disturbed nighttime sleep frequently occurs in people with narcolepsy. Although they have difficulty staying awake during the day, they may also have difficulty staying asleep at night. The many nighttime awakenings further increase the problem of sleepiness during the day.

• #32

  https://www.narcolepsylink.com/screening-and-diagnosis/recognizing-symptoms/

  There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cata plexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms. The burden of narcolepsy goes beyond symptoms. Cataplexy is estimated to be present in 65%-75% of patients with narcolepsy. This most specific symptom of narcolepsy type 1 is the sudden, generally brief (2 minutes) loss of muscle tone with retained consciousness. Hallucinations (hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic) may affect 33%-80% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects 100% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day, resulting in periods of an irrepressible need for sleep or unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy and often the most disabling. Sleep paralysis may affect 25%-50% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption is estimated to affect 30%-95% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption (also known as disrupted nighttime sleep) is due to frequent awakenings, resulting in poor quality sleep. Because narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep-wake state instability, many patients commonly report disruption of nighttime sleep.

• #33 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Symptoms of narcolepsy usually develop over a few months and last for the rest of your life. […] Most of the time, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the first sign of narcolepsy. In general, EDS makes it harder to do everyday activities, even if you get enough sleep at night. The lack of energy can make it hard to concentrate. You have memory lapses and feel depressed or exhausted. […] In REM sleep, we can dream and have muscle paralysis, which explains some of the other symptoms of narcolepsy: […] Cataplexy: This sudden loss of muscle tone can cause problems ranging from slurred speech to total body collapse, depending on the muscles involved. It’s often triggered by intense emotions such as surprise, laughter, or anger. […] Hallucinations: These can happen anytime and are often vivid and frightening. They’re mostly visual, but other senses can be involved too. If they happen as you’re falling asleep, they’re called hypnagogic hallucinations. If they happen when you’re waking up, they’re called hypnopompic hallucinations.

• #34 Understanding Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatm

  https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/understanding-narcolepsy-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment-18205.html

  People with narcolepsy may experience sleep paralysis, a temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking. This can last a few seconds to a few minutes and can be frightening. Unlike cataplexy, sleep paralysis is not unique to narcolepsy but occurs more frequently in those with the disorder. […] Hallucinations often accompany sleep paralysis and can be either visual, auditory or tactile. These hypnagogic (upon falling asleep) or hypnopompic (upon waking) hallucinations can be vivid and frightening, as the boundary between dream and reality blurs. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition, but with treatment, many people achieve substantial symptom management. Practicing sleep hygiene, adhering to medication schedules and educating oneself about narcolepsy are crucial for long-term coping.

• #35 Narcolepsy – Sleep Education by American Academy of Sleep Medicine

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy/

  Some patients with narcolepsy have vivid sleep-related hallucinations, either when falling asleep or waking up. These hallucinations are usually visions that someone or something is present in your bedroom. It can feel very real and trigger feelings of fear or dread. Other common visions may include being caught in a fire or flying through the air. […] You might lose the ability to move and feel paralyzed when you are falling asleep or waking up. This usually lasts a few seconds or minutes. This can be frightening, but it is not associated with an inability to breathe. Sleep paralysis can sometimes be paired with hallucinations, which are especially upsetting. […] About half of people with narcolepsy have problems sleeping through the night. You may wake up frequently and have difficulty falling back to sleep.

• #36 Narcolepsy | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/narcolepsy-in-children

  Sleep paralysis also causes a brief loss of muscle control. Sleep paralysis occurs upon waking up or falling asleep. It is the feeling of being unable to move or speak, even though totally aware of the surroundings. Unlike cataplexy, touching the person usually causes the paralysis to disappear. […] Hypnagogic hallucinations are vivid dreamlike experiences that are difficult to distinguish from reality. The dream is often like a nightmare, involving images or sounds of strange animals or prowlers. These dreams are particularly frightening because the person is awake but has no control over the action. The dreams are also disturbing because they can be mistaken for the hallucinations or the delusions of mental illness. A person with narcolepsy may also have other symptoms. […] Disturbed nighttime sleep frequently occurs in people with narcolepsy. Although they have difficulty staying awake during the day, they may also have difficulty staying asleep at night. The many nighttime awakenings further increase the problem of sleepiness during the day.

• #37 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Sleep paralysis: You may be unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes usually last a few seconds to several minutes. […] Disrupted sleep: You might have a hard time staying asleep at night because of things such as vivid dreams, breathing problems, or body movements. […] Narcolepsy doesn’t usually get worse over time. In fact, your symptoms may get better to some extent. But they’ll never go away. Treatment can help you manage them, and you can also learn ways to adapt.

• #38 Narcolepsy | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/narcolepsy

  Cataplexy This symptom leads to sudden episodes of muscle weakness, often triggered by strong emotions such as laughter, fear, anger, stress, or excitement. Cataplexy may appear weeks or even years after the onset of EDS. […] Sleep paralysis This temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up usually lasts only a few seconds or minutes and is similar to the reductions of voluntary muscle activity brought on by REM sleep. […] Fragmented nighttime sleep and insomnia While individuals with narcolepsy are very sleepy during the day, they usually also experience difficulties staying asleep at night. […] Narcolepsy can greatly affect daily activities. If narcolepsy is not diagnosed or treated, it can interfere with emotional well-being, social interactions, and the ability to think clearly, which can affect school, work, and social life.

• #39

  https://www.narcolepsylink.com/screening-and-diagnosis/recognizing-symptoms/

  There are 5 main symptoms of narcolepsy, referred to by the acronym CHESS (Cata plexy, Hallucinations, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Sleep paralysis, Sleep disruption). While all patients with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, they may not experience all 5 symptoms. The burden of narcolepsy goes beyond symptoms. Cataplexy is estimated to be present in 65%-75% of patients with narcolepsy. This most specific symptom of narcolepsy type 1 is the sudden, generally brief (2 minutes) loss of muscle tone with retained consciousness. Hallucinations (hypnagogic and/or hypnopompic) may affect 33%-80% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness affects 100% of patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the inability to stay awake and alert during the day, resulting in periods of an irrepressible need for sleep or unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy and often the most disabling. Sleep paralysis may affect 25%-50% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption is estimated to affect 30%-95% of patients with narcolepsy. Sleep disruption (also known as disrupted nighttime sleep) is due to frequent awakenings, resulting in poor quality sleep. Because narcolepsy is a disorder of sleep-wake state instability, many patients commonly report disruption of nighttime sleep.

• #40 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-3

  This intense and persistent sleepiness often leads to inattention and drowsiness. […] About half of all people with narcolepsy have cataplexy: episodes of muscle weakness that are usually triggered by strong emotions. […] Cataplexy usually develops a few months after the onset of sleepiness, though sometimes the first episode of cataplexy will occur many years after sleepiness begins. […] In its severe form, cataplexy can cause weakness of the face, limbs, and trunk, leading an individual to slump to the ground, awake but unable to talk or move for up to one or two minutes. […] Many people with narcolepsy have dream-like hallucinations just as they are falling asleep or waking up. […] These hallucinations can be quite vivid and may be frightening, such as a sense of a threatening stranger or dangerous animal in the room. […] Sleep paralysis is an inability to move when on the edge of sleep. […] People with narcolepsy are very sleepy during the day, yet many have trouble sleeping through the night.

• #41 Narcolepsy in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/narcolepsy/

  Narcolepsy is a condition that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and an irresistible urge to sleep. Children with narcolepsy can fall asleep at any time during a 24-hour day. Although children are severely sleepy, they may not sleep well during the night. Children with narcolepsy also may have problems „seeing their dreams while awake” or hallucinating, or feeling like they cannot move when they want to during the night. They may have a sudden weakness in the muscles that is often brought on by laughter or emotion during the daytime. […] The peak age of reported symptoms is 15 to 25 years, but narcolepsy may be found as early as age 2 years. Many centers are seeing very young children with the symptoms. It is important to recognize because narcolepsy can be misdiagnosed for many years. […] Most children and teens with narcolepsy start with problems of severe sleepiness. […] Many children with narcolepsy have problems with disrupted sleep, causing them to wake frequently.

• #42 Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm

  Narcolepsy is a nervous system problem that causes extreme sleepiness and attacks of daytime sleep. […] Narcolepsy symptoms usually first occur between age 15 and 30 years. Below are the most common symptoms. […] You may feel a strong urge to sleep, often followed by a period of sleep. You can’t control when you fall asleep. This is called a sleep attack. […] Most people with narcolepsy have daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Not everyone has all these symptoms. Surprisingly, despite being very tired, many people with narcolepsy don’t sleep well at night. […] There are two main types of narcolepsy: Type 1 involves having excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and a low level of hypocretin. Type 2 involves having excessive daytime sleepiness, but no cataplexy, and a normal level of hypocretin. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition. […] Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment. Treating other underlying sleep disorders can improve narcolepsy symptoms.

• #43 Do I Have Narcolepsy? – National Sleep Foundation

  https://www.thensf.org/do-i-have-narcolepsy/

  While everyone with narcolepsy has EDS, some may experience it differently. EDS may present as feeling irritable, having trouble concentrating, experiencing memory problems, or feeling extremely fatigued. […] Cataplexy is usually triggered by strong emotions, like laughter, stress, or anger. […] People with narcolepsy may experience sleep paralysis while falling asleep or waking up. […] Ironically, while people with narcolepsy feel fatigued during the day, about half of all people with narcolepsy report trouble sleeping at night. Someone with narcolepsy may have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. […] Medications and lifestyle changes are recommended to improve symptoms of narcolepsy.

• #44 Narcolepsy: Symptoms & Treatment | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/sleep-medicine/narcolepsy

  If you have narcolepsy, you may have difficulty coping with day-to-day activities and emotions. You may experience these symptoms: feelings of intense fatigue and continual lack of energy, depression, difficulty concentrating and memorizing, vision problems (focusing), eating binges, weak limbs, or difficulties handling alcohol. […] Doctors usually diagnose narcolepsy after a patient shows symptoms of EDS or cataplexy. Cataplexy is when a person loses muscle strength after experiencing an intension emotion, like laughing or crying.

• #45 Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and management | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/85/12/959

  Sleepiness tends to be worse with inactivity, and sleep can often be irresistible. Sleep attacks can come on suddenly and may be brief enough to manifest as a lapse in consciousness. […] Although they are very sleepy, people with narcolepsy generally cannot stay asleep for very long. Their sleep tends to be extremely fragmented, and they often wake up several times a night. […] Weight gain is common, particularly after symptom onset, and especially in children. As a result, obesity is a frequent comorbidity. […] Diagnosis is often delayed, with the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis ranging from 8 to 22 years. […] Symptoms most commonly arise in the second decade; but the age at onset ranges significantly, between the first and fifth decades. Narcolepsy has a bimodal distribution in incidence, with the biggest peak at approximately age 15 and second smaller peak in the mid-30s. […] Narcolepsy type 1 has been linked to a deficiency in hypocretin in the central nervous system. […] Hypocretin deficiency can lead to inappropriate intrusions of REM sleep onto wakefulness, leading to the hallmark features of narcolepsy—cataplexy, sleep-related hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.

• #46 Narcolepsy – Sleep Education by American Academy of Sleep Medicine

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy/

  You may have trouble remembering things that people tell you because you were not fully awake at the time. Memory lapses also happen when sleepiness sets in as you are doing activities that do not require much thought. […] This only occurs if you have narcolepsy type 1. Cataplexy occurs when you have a sudden episode of muscle weakness that is triggered by a strong emotion. This can happen when you are surprised, elated or even intimate with a partner. You may slur your speech or lose control of your limbs, or you may become completely paralyzed. […] Narcolepsy with cataplexy is frequently linked to increased weight, sometimes obesity. Those with narcolepsy may have other psychiatric disorders or precocious puberty. It is possible to have narcolepsy along with another sleep disorder, such as sleep apnea or REM sleep behavior disorder.

• #47 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/narcolepsy/symptoms.html

  Beside excessive daytime sleepiness, patients may display the following symptoms: […] Cataplexy a sudden weakening of the muscles, often triggered by a strong emotion. While cataplexy can manifest as something as minor as a slight slackening of the facial muscles, in extreme cases, a person may experience total collapse or even muscle paralysis. Cataplexy is a cardinal symptom as it almost always indicates that the cause of the narcolepsy is a lack of hypocretin in the brain. […] Sleep paralysis – the temporary inability to talk or move when waking; it may last a few seconds to minutes. […] Hypnagogic hallucinations vivid, sometimes disturbing dreamlike experiences that occur while dozing, falling asleep and/or upon awakening. […] Automatic behavior a person continues to function or talk while being half asleep, and awakens with no memory of doing these activities.

• #48 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Tests, and MoreHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/narcolepsy

  Sometimes cataplexy may occur later in the disease course, or may go undetected due to medications that suppress it, such as certain antidepressants. […] REM sleep is the sleep stage when you have vivid dreams with loss of muscle tone. It usually starts about 90 minutes after you fall asleep. REM sleep can happen at any time of day for people with narcolepsy, often within about 15 minutes after falling asleep. […] Sleep paralysis is an inability to move or speak while falling asleep, sleeping, or waking. Episodes last only a few seconds or minutes. […] People with narcolepsy may frequently have vivid dreams that may occur when falling asleep or waking up. […] Although people with narcolepsy are excessively sleepy during the daytime, they may have difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep at night.

• #49 Narcolepsy in Children | Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/n/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a fairly common sleep disorder involving abnormal sleep and wake cycles. It is lifelong and can affect all aspects of your child’s life. The first symptoms usually appear between ages 10 and 20, or early adulthood, and may include: Excessive daytime sleepiness, ongoing struggles to stay awake, falling asleep at unusual times and locations sometimes unexpectedly and suddenly. […] Symptoms of narcolepsy can appear all at once or develop slowly over time. The most common symptoms are: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): EDS is usually the first symptom of narcolepsy and may be the only symptom. With EDS, a person may fall asleep when most people would remain awake or when others would normally feel sleepy. He / she may also have a „sleep attack” at a very unusual and sometimes dangerous time (while talking, swimming or riding a bike). Cataplexy: Cataplexy is a sudden, brief loss of muscle control. It is sometimes the first symptom of narcolepsy. Cataplexy may be mild such as weakness in the knees or it may cause a complete collapse, or fall. The person is fully awake and knows what is happening. Stress or strong emotions can cause cataplexy. Sleep paralysis: Sleep paralysis also causes a brief loss of muscle control. Sleep paralysis occurs when waking up or falling asleep. It is the feeling of not being able to move or speak, while aware. Unlike cataplexy, touching your child usually stops it. Hypnagogic hallucinations: Hypnagogic hallucinations are dreamlike experiences that are difficult for the child to tell apart from reality. The dream is often like a nightmare and can be mistaken by others for hallucinations or mental illness. Automatic behavior: Automatic behavior occurs when a person does a task without knowingly controlling it. Sometimes a person may actually fall asleep while continuing an activity, but not remember having done it when they awaken. Disturbed nighttime sleep: Disturbed nighttime sleep frequently occurs in people with narcolepsy. Although they have trouble staying awake during the day, they may also have trouble sleeping at night. Other symptoms: Other symptoms include low energy, low motivation, trouble concentrating, and memory loss. Children can have difficulty keeping up with their friends or school work. Some also experience blurred or double vision, headaches, dizziness, and excessive weight gain all because of a lack of enough quality sleep.

• #50 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/narcolepsy/symptoms.html

  Difficulties maintaining sleep Nighttime sleep is disturbed. Patients often do fall asleep rapidly but are unable to stay asleep for more than a few hours at a time. Nighttime eating and excessive dreaming with motor activity (acting out dreams, see also REM sleep Behavior Disorder) also frequently occur. […] Obesity Many patients with narcolepsy also gain weight as the result of inactivity and sleepiness. […] In most cases of narcolepsy with cataplexy (and in rare cases without cataplexy), all the symptoms are caused by the loss of approximately 70,000 brain cells producing a chemical called hypocretin, a finding made at Stanford University. […] In most cases of narcolepsy without cataplexy (and in rare cases with cataplexy), the cause of the symptoms is unclear and the diagnostic is purely based on the result of an abnormal sleep test called the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT).

• #51 Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and management | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/85/12/959

  Sleepiness tends to be worse with inactivity, and sleep can often be irresistible. Sleep attacks can come on suddenly and may be brief enough to manifest as a lapse in consciousness. […] Although they are very sleepy, people with narcolepsy generally cannot stay asleep for very long. Their sleep tends to be extremely fragmented, and they often wake up several times a night. […] Weight gain is common, particularly after symptom onset, and especially in children. As a result, obesity is a frequent comorbidity. […] Diagnosis is often delayed, with the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis ranging from 8 to 22 years. […] Symptoms most commonly arise in the second decade; but the age at onset ranges significantly, between the first and fifth decades. Narcolepsy has a bimodal distribution in incidence, with the biggest peak at approximately age 15 and second smaller peak in the mid-30s. […] Narcolepsy type 1 has been linked to a deficiency in hypocretin in the central nervous system. […] Hypocretin deficiency can lead to inappropriate intrusions of REM sleep onto wakefulness, leading to the hallmark features of narcolepsy—cataplexy, sleep-related hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.

• #52 Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and management | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/85/12/959

  Sleepiness tends to be worse with inactivity, and sleep can often be irresistible. Sleep attacks can come on suddenly and may be brief enough to manifest as a lapse in consciousness. […] Although they are very sleepy, people with narcolepsy generally cannot stay asleep for very long. Their sleep tends to be extremely fragmented, and they often wake up several times a night. […] Weight gain is common, particularly after symptom onset, and especially in children. As a result, obesity is a frequent comorbidity. […] Diagnosis is often delayed, with the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis ranging from 8 to 22 years. […] Symptoms most commonly arise in the second decade; but the age at onset ranges significantly, between the first and fifth decades. Narcolepsy has a bimodal distribution in incidence, with the biggest peak at approximately age 15 and second smaller peak in the mid-30s. […] Narcolepsy type 1 has been linked to a deficiency in hypocretin in the central nervous system. […] Hypocretin deficiency can lead to inappropriate intrusions of REM sleep onto wakefulness, leading to the hallmark features of narcolepsy—cataplexy, sleep-related hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.

• #53 Narcolepsy in Children | Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/n/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a fairly common sleep disorder involving abnormal sleep and wake cycles. It is lifelong and can affect all aspects of your child’s life. The first symptoms usually appear between ages 10 and 20, or early adulthood, and may include: Excessive daytime sleepiness, ongoing struggles to stay awake, falling asleep at unusual times and locations sometimes unexpectedly and suddenly. […] Symptoms of narcolepsy can appear all at once or develop slowly over time. The most common symptoms are: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): EDS is usually the first symptom of narcolepsy and may be the only symptom. With EDS, a person may fall asleep when most people would remain awake or when others would normally feel sleepy. He / she may also have a „sleep attack” at a very unusual and sometimes dangerous time (while talking, swimming or riding a bike). Cataplexy: Cataplexy is a sudden, brief loss of muscle control. It is sometimes the first symptom of narcolepsy. Cataplexy may be mild such as weakness in the knees or it may cause a complete collapse, or fall. The person is fully awake and knows what is happening. Stress or strong emotions can cause cataplexy. Sleep paralysis: Sleep paralysis also causes a brief loss of muscle control. Sleep paralysis occurs when waking up or falling asleep. It is the feeling of not being able to move or speak, while aware. Unlike cataplexy, touching your child usually stops it. Hypnagogic hallucinations: Hypnagogic hallucinations are dreamlike experiences that are difficult for the child to tell apart from reality. The dream is often like a nightmare and can be mistaken by others for hallucinations or mental illness. Automatic behavior: Automatic behavior occurs when a person does a task without knowingly controlling it. Sometimes a person may actually fall asleep while continuing an activity, but not remember having done it when they awaken. Disturbed nighttime sleep: Disturbed nighttime sleep frequently occurs in people with narcolepsy. Although they have trouble staying awake during the day, they may also have trouble sleeping at night. Other symptoms: Other symptoms include low energy, low motivation, trouble concentrating, and memory loss. Children can have difficulty keeping up with their friends or school work. Some also experience blurred or double vision, headaches, dizziness, and excessive weight gain all because of a lack of enough quality sleep.

• #54 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-3

  Persistent daytime sleepiness occurs in all people with narcolepsy. […] Narcolepsy can also cause cataplexy, brief episodes of muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions. […] In addition, narcolepsy can cause fragmented sleep with vivid dreams, and hallucinations and brief paralysis when dozing off or waking up. […] These symptoms typically begin between ages 10 and 20. […] Symptoms of narcolepsy differ among individuals. In some, they are mild and may only cause bothersome sleepiness that is relieved by an occasional nap. In others, symptoms can be severe and impact many aspects of life. Symptoms include: Sleepiness, Cataplexy, Hallucinations and vivid dreams, Sleep paralysis, Disrupted nighttime sleep. […] Everyone with narcolepsy has some daytime sleepiness, but the severity of sleepiness varies among individuals.

• #55 Narcolepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy

  The excessive daytime sleepiness generally persists throughout life, but sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations may not. […] Many people with narcolepsy also have insomnia for extended periods of time. The excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy often become severe enough to cause serious problems in a person’s social, personal, and professional life. […] In narcolepsy, the order and length of NREM and REM sleep periods are disturbed, with REM sleep occurring at sleep onset instead of after a period of NREM sleep. […] As a consequence night time sleep does not include as much deep sleep, so the brain tries to „catch up” during the day, hence excessive daytime sleepiness. […] Narcolepsy generally occurs anytime between early childhood and 50 years of age, and most commonly between 15 and 36 years of age. However, it may also rarely appear at any time outside of this range.

• #56 Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and management | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/85/12/959

  Sleepiness tends to be worse with inactivity, and sleep can often be irresistible. Sleep attacks can come on suddenly and may be brief enough to manifest as a lapse in consciousness. […] Although they are very sleepy, people with narcolepsy generally cannot stay asleep for very long. Their sleep tends to be extremely fragmented, and they often wake up several times a night. […] Weight gain is common, particularly after symptom onset, and especially in children. As a result, obesity is a frequent comorbidity. […] Diagnosis is often delayed, with the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis ranging from 8 to 22 years. […] Symptoms most commonly arise in the second decade; but the age at onset ranges significantly, between the first and fifth decades. Narcolepsy has a bimodal distribution in incidence, with the biggest peak at approximately age 15 and second smaller peak in the mid-30s. […] Narcolepsy type 1 has been linked to a deficiency in hypocretin in the central nervous system. […] Hypocretin deficiency can lead to inappropriate intrusions of REM sleep onto wakefulness, leading to the hallmark features of narcolepsy—cataplexy, sleep-related hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.

• #57 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-3

  This intense and persistent sleepiness often leads to inattention and drowsiness. […] About half of all people with narcolepsy have cataplexy: episodes of muscle weakness that are usually triggered by strong emotions. […] Cataplexy usually develops a few months after the onset of sleepiness, though sometimes the first episode of cataplexy will occur many years after sleepiness begins. […] In its severe form, cataplexy can cause weakness of the face, limbs, and trunk, leading an individual to slump to the ground, awake but unable to talk or move for up to one or two minutes. […] Many people with narcolepsy have dream-like hallucinations just as they are falling asleep or waking up. […] These hallucinations can be quite vivid and may be frightening, such as a sense of a threatening stranger or dangerous animal in the room. […] Sleep paralysis is an inability to move when on the edge of sleep. […] People with narcolepsy are very sleepy during the day, yet many have trouble sleeping through the night.

• #58 Narcolepsy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. There are two types of narcolepsy, type 1 and type 2. […] The defining characteristic of narcolepsy is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). EDS is perceived as periods of feeling an irrepressible need for sleep or being unable to stay awake during the day. Lapsing into sleep occurs unintentionally, several times in the same day and several days a week. […] Besides EDS, people with narcolepsy type 1 also have cataplexy, which is a sudden but temporary muscle weakness, sometimes brought on by laughter or other emotions. Narcolepsy type 2 is defined as narcolepsy without cataplexy. […] Symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness may be present for years before cataplexy first occurs, although cataplexy often develops within a year. About two-thirds of people with narcolepsy have symptoms of cataplexy, and cataplexy is rarely present outside narcolepsy. […] Narcolepsy is a life-long problem, but it is not progressive. Symptoms may even lessen over time, but they never completely disappear. In older adults, cataplexy may lessen over time, but sleep disturbances at night may worsen.

• #59

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms/

  Not everyone with narcolepsy has the same symptoms. Some people have symptoms regularly, while others are less frequently affected. […] Narcolepsy is usually a long-term (chronic) condition. Symptoms may develop slowly over a number of years, or suddenly over the course of a few weeks. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness is usually the first sign of narcolepsy. It can have a significant impact on everyday life. […] Sleep attacks, where you fall asleep suddenly and without warning, are also common in people with narcolepsy. They may happen at any time. […] Most people who have narcolepsy also experience cataplexy, which is sudden temporary muscle weakness or loss of muscular control. […] Some people with narcolepsy experience episodes of sleep paralysis. This is a temporary inability to move or speak that occurs when waking up or falling asleep. […] Narcolepsy can also cause a number of other symptoms, including hallucinations seeing or hearing things that are not real, particularly when going to sleep or waking up; a presence in the bedroom is the most commonly reported hallucination.

• #60 Narcolepsy type 2 – without cataplexy – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/narcolepsy-type-2/

  Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) is a long-lasting (chronic) hypersomnia sleep disorder of the brain (neurologic disorder). […] The main symptom of NT2 is EDS that lasts for at least 3 months. Sleep patterns may also change, and if you have NT2, you may need 1 or more naps a day. […] Symptoms most often start in a person’s mid-to-late teens. However, they can start at any age. They may start suddenly or develop over time. […] Symptoms may: Happen every day, or a few days a week; Get worse or better over hours, weeks, months, or years. […] NT2 can greatly affect daily life: The amount and timing of needed sleep can limit daily activities. Sleep-related hallucinations and paralysis can be very distressing. NT2 can cause problems with thinking, working, and socializing. People with NT2 may have trouble doing their jobs, staying in school, having romantic relationships, and fully engaging with their friends and loved ones. […] While almost everyone with NT2 has EDS and brain fog, not everyone has the other symptoms, and they can affect each person differently.

• #61 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  Narcolepsy is a condition that makes people very sleepy during the day and can cause them to fall asleep suddenly. Some people also have other symptoms, such as muscle weakness when they feel strong emotions. […] The symptoms can have serious effects on daily life. People with narcolepsy have trouble staying awake for long periods of time. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy may get worse during the first few years. Then they continue for life. Symptoms include: […] Extreme daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is the first symptom to appear, and the sleepiness makes it hard to focus and function. People with narcolepsy feel less alert and focused during the day. They also fall asleep without warning. […] Sudden loss of muscle tone. This condition is called cataplexy. It can cause slurred speech or complete weakness of most muscles for up to a few minutes.

• #62 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Sleep paralysis: You may be unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes usually last a few seconds to several minutes. […] Disrupted sleep: You might have a hard time staying asleep at night because of things such as vivid dreams, breathing problems, or body movements. […] Narcolepsy doesn’t usually get worse over time. In fact, your symptoms may get better to some extent. But they’ll never go away. Treatment can help you manage them, and you can also learn ways to adapt.

• #63 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  People with narcolepsy may experience sleep paralysis. During sleep paralysis, the person can’t move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking. […] Changes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep is when most dreaming happens. Typically, people enter REM sleep 60 to 90 minutes after falling asleep. But people with narcolepsy often move more quickly to REM sleep. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition and does not have a cure. However, medicines and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms. Support from family, friends, employers and teachers can help people cope with the condition.

• #64 Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm

  Narcolepsy is a nervous system problem that causes extreme sleepiness and attacks of daytime sleep. […] Narcolepsy symptoms usually first occur between age 15 and 30 years. Below are the most common symptoms. […] You may feel a strong urge to sleep, often followed by a period of sleep. You can’t control when you fall asleep. This is called a sleep attack. […] Most people with narcolepsy have daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Not everyone has all these symptoms. Surprisingly, despite being very tired, many people with narcolepsy don’t sleep well at night. […] There are two main types of narcolepsy: Type 1 involves having excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, and a low level of hypocretin. Type 2 involves having excessive daytime sleepiness, but no cataplexy, and a normal level of hypocretin. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition. […] Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment. Treating other underlying sleep disorders can improve narcolepsy symptoms.

• #65 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Sleep paralysis: You may be unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes usually last a few seconds to several minutes. […] Disrupted sleep: You might have a hard time staying asleep at night because of things such as vivid dreams, breathing problems, or body movements. […] Narcolepsy doesn’t usually get worse over time. In fact, your symptoms may get better to some extent. But they’ll never go away. Treatment can help you manage them, and you can also learn ways to adapt.

• #66 Narcolepsy | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy may feel rested after waking but then feel very sleepy throughout much of the day. Many individuals with narcolepsy also experience fragmented sleep at night, meaning they can’t stay asleep for long periods of time. […] Once narcolepsy develops, the person will have it for the rest of their life. Symptoms differ among individuals, and they can improve over time, but will never go away completely. Even when symptoms are severe, they do not result in permanent dysfunction. After episodes end, people rapidly recover the ability to move and speak. […] The most typical symptoms are: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) All individuals with narcolepsy have periods of EDS. It is often the most obvious symptom. Everyone with narcolepsy has some daytime sleepiness, but the severity of sleepiness varies among individuals. EDS causes severe daytime sleepiness that doesn’t improve, even after getting enough sleep at night.

• #67 Narcolepsy Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. There are two types of narcolepsy, type 1 and type 2. […] The defining characteristic of narcolepsy is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). EDS is perceived as periods of feeling an irrepressible need for sleep or being unable to stay awake during the day. Lapsing into sleep occurs unintentionally, several times in the same day and several days a week. […] Besides EDS, people with narcolepsy type 1 also have cataplexy, which is a sudden but temporary muscle weakness, sometimes brought on by laughter or other emotions. Narcolepsy type 2 is defined as narcolepsy without cataplexy. […] Symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness may be present for years before cataplexy first occurs, although cataplexy often develops within a year. About two-thirds of people with narcolepsy have symptoms of cataplexy, and cataplexy is rarely present outside narcolepsy. […] Narcolepsy is a life-long problem, but it is not progressive. Symptoms may even lessen over time, but they never completely disappear. In older adults, cataplexy may lessen over time, but sleep disturbances at night may worsen.

• #68 Narcolepsy and Cataplexy (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/narcolepsy-and-cataplexy-pro

  Narcolepsy symptoms are usually lifelong but may be improved with treatment or after retirement. […] Cataplexy may sometimes disappear over time, either spontaneously or with treatment. Again, it may improve after retirement. […] There is a tetrad of classic narcolepsy symptoms: excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis. However, many patients do not have all these features. EDS and cataplexy are the key diagnostic symptoms. […] Patients with narcolepsy have persistent sleepiness, which may be irresistible. […] Excessive fatigue is a common complaint and is described by those affected as being a different symptom to sleepiness. […] Automatism occurs in many narcolepsy patients – when affected by severe sleepiness, they may have episodes in which they appear to be awake but lack full awareness and may behave inappropriately at such times.

• #69 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Tests, and MoreHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects the nervous system. It causes abnormal sleep that can affect a person’s quality of life. […] The symptoms of narcolepsy usually begin between the ages of 7 and 25, although the condition is often not recognized right away and often misdiagnosed. It typically starts in the mid-teenage years. […] Narcolepsy causes significant daytime drowsiness and “sleep attacks,” or overwhelming urges to fall asleep, and poor fragmented sleep at night. […] In many cases, it also causes unexpected and temporary loss of muscle control, known as cataplexy. This can be mistaken for seizure activity, especially in children. This is now called narcolepsy type 1. When cataplexy is absent, it’s called narcolepsy type 2. […] Narcolepsy isn’t a deadly disease by itself, but episodes can lead to accidents, injuries, or life-threatening situations.

• #70 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/narcolepsy/

  People with narcolepsy have a significantly increased risk of death or serious injury resulting from motor-vehicle or job-related accidents, and they must take care to avoid situations where such accidents might occur. […] If not properly diagnosed and treated, narcolepsy may have a devastating impact on the life of the affected individual, causing social, educational, psychological, and financial difficulties.

• #71 Narcolepsy | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/narcolepsy

  Cataplexy This symptom leads to sudden episodes of muscle weakness, often triggered by strong emotions such as laughter, fear, anger, stress, or excitement. Cataplexy may appear weeks or even years after the onset of EDS. […] Sleep paralysis This temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up usually lasts only a few seconds or minutes and is similar to the reductions of voluntary muscle activity brought on by REM sleep. […] Fragmented nighttime sleep and insomnia While individuals with narcolepsy are very sleepy during the day, they usually also experience difficulties staying asleep at night. […] Narcolepsy can greatly affect daily activities. If narcolepsy is not diagnosed or treated, it can interfere with emotional well-being, social interactions, and the ability to think clearly, which can affect school, work, and social life.

• #72 Narcolepsy and Cataplexy (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/narcolepsy-and-cataplexy-pro

  EDS symptoms can severely disrupt daily life. […] Cataplexy is defined as a sudden loss of voluntary muscle tone, with preserved consciousness, triggered by emotion. […] Cataplexy attacks can last just a few seconds or many minutes. […] Cataplexy is pathognomonic for narcolepsy and is present in around 70% of narcolepsy patients. […] This may occur as the patient is falling asleep or awakening. […] Patients are aware but are, briefly, unable to move or open their eyes. […] It affects approximately one third of narcolepsy patients. […] These occur at the onset of sleep (hypnagogic) or on awakening (hypnopompic).

• #73 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #74 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/narcolepsy/

  People with narcolepsy have a significantly increased risk of death or serious injury resulting from motor-vehicle or job-related accidents, and they must take care to avoid situations where such accidents might occur. […] If not properly diagnosed and treated, narcolepsy may have a devastating impact on the life of the affected individual, causing social, educational, psychological, and financial difficulties.

• #75 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Tests, and MoreHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/narcolepsy

  Additionally, people with narcolepsy may have difficulty maintaining jobs, doing well in school, and have problems maintaining relationships due to episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] How often and how intensely narcolepsy symptoms occur can vary. Below are common symptoms. […] Almost everyone with narcolepsy has excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), in which you suddenly experience an overwhelming urge to sleep. EDS makes it difficult to function properly during the day. […] Cataplexy is a sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone. It can range from drooping eyelids (referred to as partial cataplexy) to total body collapse. […] Laughing and intense emotions, such as excitement and fear, can trigger cataplexy. How often it occurs varies from person to person. It can happen several times a day to once a year.

• #76 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-narcolepsy-3014795

  People with narcolepsy may experience intense, vivid hallucinations while awake but transitioning to sleep called hypnagogic hallucinations. […] Sleep paralysis means that a person cannot move or speak for one to two minutes right after waking up. This may also happen just prior to falling asleep. […] In addition to the above symptoms, many people with narcolepsy suffer from psychiatric concerns, most notably depression and/or anxiety. […] Narcolepsy is a chronic condition with no cure, as the destruction of hypocretin-containing cells is typically complete and the resulting deficit is permanent. Therefore, narcolepsy requires persistent treatment. […] The good news is that behavior modifications, as well as different medications, can be used to treat the symptoms associated with narcolepsy. […] Daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy can be treated with stimulant medications. […] Xywav (sodium oxybate) is another medication used to reduce cataplexy, usually more severe cases. It can also be used to treat daytime sleepiness.

• #77 Narcolepsy: Symptoms & Treatment | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/sleep-medicine/narcolepsy

  If you have narcolepsy, you may have difficulty coping with day-to-day activities and emotions. You may experience these symptoms: feelings of intense fatigue and continual lack of energy, depression, difficulty concentrating and memorizing, vision problems (focusing), eating binges, weak limbs, or difficulties handling alcohol. […] Doctors usually diagnose narcolepsy after a patient shows symptoms of EDS or cataplexy. Cataplexy is when a person loses muscle strength after experiencing an intension emotion, like laughing or crying.

• #78 14 Narcolepsy Symptoms, Signs, Treatment, Definition & Causes

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_are_the_signs_of_narcolepsy/article_em.htm

  If narcolepsy is suspected, patients are sent for evaluation in a sleep study. […] People who have narcolepsy will have abnormal sleep patterns both during the night and during the daytime naps. […] Narcolepsy is a life-long condition that can generally be managed. Most patients with narcolepsy live a normal life span. […] If left untreated, complications of narcolepsy include: Social isolation due to embarrassment from symptoms […] Difficulty working due to: Sleep attacks […] Memory problems […] Cataplexy.

• #79 Narcolepsy type 2 – without cataplexy – Hypersomnia Foundation

  https://www.hypersomniafoundation.org/narcolepsy-type-2/

  Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) is a long-lasting (chronic) hypersomnia sleep disorder of the brain (neurologic disorder). […] The main symptom of NT2 is EDS that lasts for at least 3 months. Sleep patterns may also change, and if you have NT2, you may need 1 or more naps a day. […] Symptoms most often start in a person’s mid-to-late teens. However, they can start at any age. They may start suddenly or develop over time. […] Symptoms may: Happen every day, or a few days a week; Get worse or better over hours, weeks, months, or years. […] NT2 can greatly affect daily life: The amount and timing of needed sleep can limit daily activities. Sleep-related hallucinations and paralysis can be very distressing. NT2 can cause problems with thinking, working, and socializing. People with NT2 may have trouble doing their jobs, staying in school, having romantic relationships, and fully engaging with their friends and loved ones. […] While almost everyone with NT2 has EDS and brain fog, not everyone has the other symptoms, and they can affect each person differently.

• #80 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Tests, and MoreHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/narcolepsy

  Additionally, people with narcolepsy may have difficulty maintaining jobs, doing well in school, and have problems maintaining relationships due to episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness. […] How often and how intensely narcolepsy symptoms occur can vary. Below are common symptoms. […] Almost everyone with narcolepsy has excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), in which you suddenly experience an overwhelming urge to sleep. EDS makes it difficult to function properly during the day. […] Cataplexy is a sudden, temporary loss of muscle tone. It can range from drooping eyelids (referred to as partial cataplexy) to total body collapse. […] Laughing and intense emotions, such as excitement and fear, can trigger cataplexy. How often it occurs varies from person to person. It can happen several times a day to once a year.

• #81 Narcolepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-overview

  Narcolepsy is characterized by the classic tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy frequently is unrecognized, with a typical delay of 10 years between onset and diagnosis. Approximately 50% of adults with the disorder retrospectively report symptoms beginning in their teenage years. This disorder may lead to impairment of social and academic performance in otherwise intellectually normal children. If left untreated, narcolepsy may be psychosocially devastating. Narcoleptic children may suffer poor school performance, social impairment, ridicule from peers, and dysfunction in other activities of normal childhood development. Affected adults often perceive narcoleptic symptoms as embarrassing, and social isolation may result. Job impairment may result from sleep attacks, memory problems, cataplexy, interpersonal problems, and personality changes. These symptoms may lead coworkers to perceive narcoleptics as lazy, inattentive, and lacking motivation. Narcolepsy can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the frequency of cataplexy, need for naps, and disturbance of nocturnal sleep.

• #82 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/narcolepsy/

  Narcolepsy occurs when the part of the brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness does not function properly, causing sudden spells of Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) sleep the dreaming state of sleep. […] Symptoms generally begin between the ages of 15 and 30. The four classic symptoms of the disorder (although not all sufferers will have all four) are: Excessive daytime sleepiness. Cataplexy: a striking, sudden episode of muscle weakness triggered by high emotions. […] The development, number and severity of symptoms vary widely among individuals with the disorder but excessive sleepiness is usually the first and most prominent symptom of narcolepsy. […] In many cases diagnosis is not made until many years after the onset of symptoms. […] Early diagnosis and treatment, however, are important to the physical and mental well-being of the sufferer, since studies have shown that even treated narcoleptic patients are often markedly psychosocially impaired in the area of work, leisure, interpersonal relations, and are more prone to accidents.

• #83 Narcolepsy in Children: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14307-narcolepsy-in-children

  Cataplexy occurs in about 70% of children with narcolepsy. […] Sleep paralysis in children is the inability to move or speak just before falling asleep or right after waking up. […] Hallucinations are vivid, dream-like/nightmare events that are difficult to distinguish from reality. […] A disruption in the area of your childs brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness (hypothalamus) causes narcolepsy in children. […] Complications of narcolepsy in children may include: Poor academic performance, Difficulty socializing, Mental health challenges (depression, anxiety), Behavioral challenges (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), Physical injuries or accidents from sleep attacks. […] Narcolepsy is an underdiagnosed condition in children. Healthcare providers commonly misdiagnose it because symptoms look like other childhood conditions.

• #84

  https://www.morethantired.com/symptoms-of-narcolepsy/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-eds/

  Pediatric narcolepsy patients often show symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). EDS may appear as hyperactivity, problems paying attention, emotional instability, aggression, irritability, or bad behavior, which can lead to a misdiagnosis of ADHD or other psychiatric disorder. […] Finally, EDS in young children may be mistaken as a normal need for a nap. In older children, it might be mistaken for laziness or lack of motivation.

• #85

  https://www.morethantired.com/symptoms-of-narcolepsy/excessive-daytime-sleepiness-eds/

  Pediatric narcolepsy patients often show symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). EDS may appear as hyperactivity, problems paying attention, emotional instability, aggression, irritability, or bad behavior, which can lead to a misdiagnosis of ADHD or other psychiatric disorder. […] Finally, EDS in young children may be mistaken as a normal need for a nap. In older children, it might be mistaken for laziness or lack of motivation.

• #86 Narcolepsy in Children: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14307-narcolepsy-in-children

  Cataplexy occurs in about 70% of children with narcolepsy. […] Sleep paralysis in children is the inability to move or speak just before falling asleep or right after waking up. […] Hallucinations are vivid, dream-like/nightmare events that are difficult to distinguish from reality. […] A disruption in the area of your childs brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness (hypothalamus) causes narcolepsy in children. […] Complications of narcolepsy in children may include: Poor academic performance, Difficulty socializing, Mental health challenges (depression, anxiety), Behavioral challenges (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), Physical injuries or accidents from sleep attacks. […] Narcolepsy is an underdiagnosed condition in children. Healthcare providers commonly misdiagnose it because symptoms look like other childhood conditions.

• #87 Symptoms of Narcolepsy I Psych Central

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/narcolepsy-symptoms

  Many people wake up during the night. This is not uncommon. […] But when you have narcolepsy, you may find yourself repeatedly waking up throughout the night or even wide awake for most of it. […] This is another common symptom of narcolepsy, with an estimated 30% to 95% of people experiencing it. […] Some research suggests that children with narcolepsy experience cataplexy more than adults, although it’s milder and often resembles a facial tic. […] Cataplexy in children may not have the trigger of strong emotions, although this can change with time. […] Research has not yet identified the exact cause of type 2 narcolepsy. […] Some instances of type 2 have been reported after viral infections, but more research is needed to understand the cause of this type of narcolepsy.

• #88 What Is Narcolepsy in Children?

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy-children

  Cataplexy. That’s a sudden loss of muscle tone or sudden muscle weakness. It may happen in their whole body or just one part. […] Most children with narcolepsy have cataplexy. But not all children with cataplexy have narcolepsy. […] Hallucinations. If your child feels like they’re having dreams while they’re awake, they might be hallucinating. Hallucinations make your child see and hear things that aren’t really there. […] Sleep paralysis. Just as your child is falling asleep or waking up, they may feel like they can’t move or talk. […] Sleep disruption. Kids with narcolepsy may have trouble staying asleep and wake up many times throughout the night. […] The first sign of narcolepsy is usually excessive daytime sleepiness. Sometimes it’s the only symptom your child will have. […] Some kids with narcolepsy may have other long-term symptoms such as: Sudden weight gain, Early onset of puberty, Low energy and motivation, Trouble concentrating, Memory loss.

• #89 Narcolepsy in Children: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14307-narcolepsy-in-children

  Cataplexy occurs in about 70% of children with narcolepsy. […] Sleep paralysis in children is the inability to move or speak just before falling asleep or right after waking up. […] Hallucinations are vivid, dream-like/nightmare events that are difficult to distinguish from reality. […] A disruption in the area of your childs brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness (hypothalamus) causes narcolepsy in children. […] Complications of narcolepsy in children may include: Poor academic performance, Difficulty socializing, Mental health challenges (depression, anxiety), Behavioral challenges (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), Physical injuries or accidents from sleep attacks. […] Narcolepsy is an underdiagnosed condition in children. Healthcare providers commonly misdiagnose it because symptoms look like other childhood conditions.

• #90 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/narcolepsy/symptoms.html

  If all the common symptoms of narcolepsy are present, diagnosing the disorder is fairly straightforward. However, if sleep attacks are isolated and there is only mild or no cataplexy, making a correct diagnosis is more challenging. It requires excluding carefully insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders and psychiatric disorders. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] The polysomnogram continuously records brain waves during sleep, as well as a number of nerve and muscle functions during nighttime sleep. During the test, the narcoleptic will usually fall asleep rapidly, enter REM sleep quickly, and potentially awaken frequently during the night.

• #91 Narcolepsy – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment – Project Sleep

  https://project-sleep.com/facts-about-narcolepsy/

  Disrupted nighttime sleep: Unlike public perceptions, people with narcolepsy do not sleep all the time. Timing of sleepiness is off with narcolepsy so one may fight sleepiness during the day but struggle to sleep at night. […] There is currently no cure for narcolepsy. Treatment for symptom management varies widely by person and it often takes a long time to find the right combination of treatments. […] Because of low awareness (even among physicians) and misperceptions, there is an average of 8 to 15 years between narcolepsy symptom onset and diagnosis. Its estimated that the majority of people with narcolepsy are currently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.

• #92 Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and management | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/85/12/959

  Sleepiness tends to be worse with inactivity, and sleep can often be irresistible. Sleep attacks can come on suddenly and may be brief enough to manifest as a lapse in consciousness. […] Although they are very sleepy, people with narcolepsy generally cannot stay asleep for very long. Their sleep tends to be extremely fragmented, and they often wake up several times a night. […] Weight gain is common, particularly after symptom onset, and especially in children. As a result, obesity is a frequent comorbidity. […] Diagnosis is often delayed, with the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis ranging from 8 to 22 years. […] Symptoms most commonly arise in the second decade; but the age at onset ranges significantly, between the first and fifth decades. Narcolepsy has a bimodal distribution in incidence, with the biggest peak at approximately age 15 and second smaller peak in the mid-30s. […] Narcolepsy type 1 has been linked to a deficiency in hypocretin in the central nervous system. […] Hypocretin deficiency can lead to inappropriate intrusions of REM sleep onto wakefulness, leading to the hallmark features of narcolepsy—cataplexy, sleep-related hallucinations, and sleep paralysis.

• #93 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/narcolepsy/symptoms.html

  If all the common symptoms of narcolepsy are present, diagnosing the disorder is fairly straightforward. However, if sleep attacks are isolated and there is only mild or no cataplexy, making a correct diagnosis is more challenging. It requires excluding carefully insufficient sleep (sleep deprivation), disturbed nocturnal sleep, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, sleep-related breathing (sleep apnea) disorders and psychiatric disorders. […] A general medical check up excluding anemia, hypothyroidism, heart or other general medical issues is essential. […] The polysomnogram continuously records brain waves during sleep, as well as a number of nerve and muscle functions during nighttime sleep. During the test, the narcoleptic will usually fall asleep rapidly, enter REM sleep quickly, and potentially awaken frequently during the night.

• #94 Narcolepsy – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/428

  Narcolepsy is a chronic condition characterised by a disruption of the sleep-wake cycle and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep intrusion. […] The classic tetrad of narcolepsy, includes excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations. […] The only clinical manifestation that is specific to narcolepsy is cataplexy. […] Disease onset is usually in the second decade of life. […] Multiple sleep latency test usually shows shortened sleep latency and at least 2 sleep-onset REM periods.

• #95 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/narcolepsy/symptoms.html

  A positive MSLT (diagnostic for narcolepsy) is obtained when the patient did fall asleep with a mean sleep latency below 8 minutes in the naps, and had at least 2 naps where REM sleep was reached. […] If CSF hypocretin-1 is below 110 pg/ml, the diagnosis is consistent with narcolepsy caused by hypocretin deficiency. This particular test was first developed at Stanford and is the most definitive test for narcolepsy.

• #96 Symptoms of Narcolepsy | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/narcolepsy/symptoms.html

  A positive MSLT (diagnostic for narcolepsy) is obtained when the patient did fall asleep with a mean sleep latency below 8 minutes in the naps, and had at least 2 naps where REM sleep was reached. […] If CSF hypocretin-1 is below 110 pg/ml, the diagnosis is consistent with narcolepsy caused by hypocretin deficiency. This particular test was first developed at Stanford and is the most definitive test for narcolepsy.

• #97 Narcolepsy – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375497

  People with narcolepsy may experience sleep paralysis. During sleep paralysis, the person can’t move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking. […] Changes in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep is when most dreaming happens. Typically, people enter REM sleep 60 to 90 minutes after falling asleep. But people with narcolepsy often move more quickly to REM sleep. […] Narcolepsy is a lifelong condition and does not have a cure. However, medicines and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms. Support from family, friends, employers and teachers can help people cope with the condition.

• #98 Narcolepsy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375503

  Your healthcare professional may suspect narcolepsy based on your symptoms of daytime sleepiness and sudden loss of muscle tone, known as cataplexy. […] People who have narcolepsy fall asleep easily and enter into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep quickly. […] There is no cure for narcolepsy, but treatment to help manage the symptoms include medicines and lifestyle changes. […] Lifestyle changes are important in managing the symptoms of narcolepsy.

• #99

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/alberta/Pages/narcolepsy.aspx

  Treatment for narcolepsy depends on how bad your symptoms are. It can take weeks or months before you find the best treatment. […] The type of medicines that are used to treat narcolepsy are central nervous system stimulants. These medicines help you stay awake during the day. […] Your healthcare provider will suggest you take regular naps during the day. This may be 2 or 3 naps for 10 to 15 minutes or 1 nap for 30 to 60 minutes. Scheduling naps will help you manage feeling sleepy during the day and keep you more alert when you’re awake.

• #100 Narcolepsy – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/sleep-and-wakefulness-disorders/narcolepsy

  A delay of 10 years from onset of symptoms to diagnosis of narcolepsy is common. […] Narcolepsy type 1 is diagnosed if patients also have cataplexy; type 2 is diagnosed if patients do not have cataplexy. EDS occurs in patients with narcolepsy type 1 or type 2. […] Narcolepsy may not require treatment if patients have occasional episodes of sleep paralysis or hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, infrequent and partial cataplexy, and mild EDS. For others, wake-promoting drugs and anticataplectic drugs are used. […] For type 1 narcolepsy, oxybates or pitolisant should be used for cataplexy, and if EDS persists, modafinil should be added. […] For type 2 narcolepsy, modafinil should be first-line treatment, with solriamfetol as second-line for EDS. […] The main symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disturbed nocturnal sleep. […] EDS usually responds to modafinil or another wake-promoting drug; cataplexy responds to pitolisant or oxybates.

• #101 Narcolepsy in Children | Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/n/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy cannot be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled so that people with it can lead fairly normal lives. Treatment depends on the child. Different children have different symptoms and respond differently to treatment. A combination of a variety of treatments is usually used including: Medication: Sleep specialists can write prescriptions for medications that help control excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and sleep disruption. We do not suggest using over-the-counter medications. Adjustments in lifestyle can improve symptoms. Your sleep specialist may recommend that your child: Follow a strict sleep-wake schedule each day, take short naps once or twice a day, increase exercise; avoid boring or repetitive tasks, be careful doing activities such as riding a bike, driving a car, or swimming, create an individual health plan with teachers and school staff to provide academic support.

• #102 Narcolepsy – Narcolepsy | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/narcolepsy

  Up to 33% of people with narcolepsy also have sleep apnea. However, narcolepsy can be diagnosed only after a person has been treated for sleep apnea by a continuous positive airway pressure machine. […] Even with treatment, people who have narcolepsy may still have daytime sleepiness. Taking short naps during the day and avoiding heavy meals, smoking, and caffeine at bedtime may help you maintain a healthy sleep schedule.

• #103 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy has four key symptoms. Focusing on sleep hygiene greatly help improve sleep and this conditions effects. There are four key symptoms of narcolepsy, though most people dont have all four. Excessive daytime sleepiness. This symptom happens to everyone with narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy and experts on the condition often describe these as sleep attacks. Sudden muscle weakness (cataplexy). This can have mild effects, like affecting one side of your body or causing only light muscle weakness. Sleep-related hallucinations. These happen right after falling asleep or right before waking up. Sleep paralysis. When you have this symptom, youll wake up sometimes fully, but not always but find yourself unable to move. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes an urge to fall asleep suddenly during the daytime thats almost impossible to resist. Although this condition isnt common, its widely known because of its symptoms and how they happen. Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. With narcolepsy, no matter how well you sleep at night, youll feel extremely sleepy during the daytime. That urge to fall asleep is usually impossible to resist, but these sleep periods are also short (about 15 to 30 minutes) during the day. Once you wake up, youll feel rested and ready to resume whatever you were doing before. However, this happens several times during the day, which is why narcolepsy is so disruptive. Narcolepsy isnt usually dangerous on its own, but the sudden, irresistible need to sleep is very disruptive. People with this condition may be unable to drive (either temporarily or permanently, depending on their specific symptoms and circumstances). While narcolepsy usually isnt dangerous, type 1 narcolepsy does have added risks of injury from falls when cataplexy is severe. Narcolepsy can also create dangerous situations when driving, using power tools or heavy equipment, swimming and more. Narcolepsy is permanent once you develop it, so its a lifelong condition. However, it doesn’t get worse over time. Narcolepsy isnt dangerous on its own, but it can make it hard to go to certain places or do certain activities. It also can disrupt going to school, having a job and other common parts of your life. While treatment isnt always totally effective, most cases of narcolepsy respond to treatment. That means you can usually manage this condition and limit how much it affects your life.

• #104 Narcolepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-overview

  Narcolepsy is characterized by the classic tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy frequently is unrecognized, with a typical delay of 10 years between onset and diagnosis. Approximately 50% of adults with the disorder retrospectively report symptoms beginning in their teenage years. This disorder may lead to impairment of social and academic performance in otherwise intellectually normal children. If left untreated, narcolepsy may be psychosocially devastating. Narcoleptic children may suffer poor school performance, social impairment, ridicule from peers, and dysfunction in other activities of normal childhood development. Affected adults often perceive narcoleptic symptoms as embarrassing, and social isolation may result. Job impairment may result from sleep attacks, memory problems, cataplexy, interpersonal problems, and personality changes. These symptoms may lead coworkers to perceive narcoleptics as lazy, inattentive, and lacking motivation. Narcolepsy can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the frequency of cataplexy, need for naps, and disturbance of nocturnal sleep.

• #105 Narcolepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy

  The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. […] Excessive daytime sleepiness occurs even after adequate night time sleep. A person with narcolepsy is likely to become drowsy or fall asleep, often at inappropriate or undesired times and places, or just be very tired throughout the day. […] The classic symptoms of the disorder, often referred to as the „tetrad of narcolepsy”, are cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and excessive daytime sleepiness. […] In most cases, the first symptom of narcolepsy to appear is excessive and overwhelming daytime sleepiness. The other symptoms may begin alone or in combination months or years after the onset of the daytime naps.

• #106 Narcolepsy | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy may feel rested after waking but then feel very sleepy throughout much of the day. Many individuals with narcolepsy also experience fragmented sleep at night, meaning they can’t stay asleep for long periods of time. […] Once narcolepsy develops, the person will have it for the rest of their life. Symptoms differ among individuals, and they can improve over time, but will never go away completely. Even when symptoms are severe, they do not result in permanent dysfunction. After episodes end, people rapidly recover the ability to move and speak. […] The most typical symptoms are: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) All individuals with narcolepsy have periods of EDS. It is often the most obvious symptom. Everyone with narcolepsy has some daytime sleepiness, but the severity of sleepiness varies among individuals. EDS causes severe daytime sleepiness that doesn’t improve, even after getting enough sleep at night.

• #107 Narcolepsy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-overview

  Narcolepsy is characterized by the classic tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy frequently is unrecognized, with a typical delay of 10 years between onset and diagnosis. Approximately 50% of adults with the disorder retrospectively report symptoms beginning in their teenage years. This disorder may lead to impairment of social and academic performance in otherwise intellectually normal children. If left untreated, narcolepsy may be psychosocially devastating. Narcoleptic children may suffer poor school performance, social impairment, ridicule from peers, and dysfunction in other activities of normal childhood development. Affected adults often perceive narcoleptic symptoms as embarrassing, and social isolation may result. Job impairment may result from sleep attacks, memory problems, cataplexy, interpersonal problems, and personality changes. These symptoms may lead coworkers to perceive narcoleptics as lazy, inattentive, and lacking motivation. Narcolepsy can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the frequency of cataplexy, need for naps, and disturbance of nocturnal sleep.

• #108 Narcolepsy: Diagnosis and management | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/85/12/959

  Narcolepsy is a chronic disorder of hypersomnia that can have a significant impact on quality of life and livelihood. However, with appropriate treatment, its symptoms are manageable, and a satisfying personal, social, and professional life can still be enjoyed. […] Features of narcolepsy include daytime sleepiness, sleep attacks, cataplexy (in narcolepsy type 1), sleep paralysis, and sleep-related hallucinations. […] People with narcolepsy feel sleepy and can fall asleep quickly, but they do not stay asleep for long. They go into rapid eye movement sleep soon after falling asleep. Total sleep time is normal, but sleep is fragmented. […] Clinically, narcolepsy manifests with excessive daytime sleepiness that can be personally and socially disabling. Cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations can also be present, but they are not necessary for diagnosis.

• #109 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/disorders/narcolepsy/

  Narcolepsy occurs when the part of the brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness does not function properly, causing sudden spells of Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) sleep the dreaming state of sleep. […] Symptoms generally begin between the ages of 15 and 30. The four classic symptoms of the disorder (although not all sufferers will have all four) are: Excessive daytime sleepiness. Cataplexy: a striking, sudden episode of muscle weakness triggered by high emotions. […] The development, number and severity of symptoms vary widely among individuals with the disorder but excessive sleepiness is usually the first and most prominent symptom of narcolepsy. […] In many cases diagnosis is not made until many years after the onset of symptoms. […] Early diagnosis and treatment, however, are important to the physical and mental well-being of the sufferer, since studies have shown that even treated narcoleptic patients are often markedly psychosocially impaired in the area of work, leisure, interpersonal relations, and are more prone to accidents.

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