Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Narcolepsy is usually treatable, but the condition can still cause severe disruptions in your life, ability to work and social relationships. […] Treatments usually start with medications, but changes to your daily routine and lifestyle can also help. In general, narcolepsy responds well to treatment, which helps limit the disruptions that symptoms can cause. […] Medication is the main method for treating narcolepsy. Most medications target excessive daytime sleepiness, but some target other symptoms, too. Possible medications for this condition include: Wakefulness medications. These are usually the first line of treatment. Examples of these drugs include modafinil and armodafinil. […] Sodium oxybate. This drug can help you sleep and also reduces how often cataplexy happens. […] While there are multiple treatment options for narcolepsy in adults, treatment options in children are very limited.

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults

  Treatment of narcolepsy in adults […] Management of narcolepsy is symptomatic, and there are no disease-modifying therapies yet available. In many patients with narcolepsy, sleepiness and cataplexy substantially interfere with daily life, impacting school, work, relationships, and social life. Most patients require pharmacologic therapy, and many feel more alert with daytime naps. […] […] Daytime naps are the mainstay of nonpharmacologic therapy for narcolepsy. Many patients feel more alert with daytime naps, although most will also require pharmacotherapy. One or two well-timed, 20-minute naps will often improve sleepiness, though some patients only benefit from long naps. […] […] Patients with narcolepsy often have concomitant obstructive sleep apnea, periodic limb movements of sleep, fragmented sleep, and/or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder that can contribute to their daytime sleepiness. It is often helpful to treat these disorders first and then to focus on improving the sleepiness that is caused by the narcolepsy. […]

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Psychosocial support — Patients with narcolepsy face various psychosocial and work-related challenges throughout their lives; as a result, they may have difficulty meeting economic and social responsibilities. They also have the additional burden of coping with misperceptions about the causes and the involuntary nature of their symptoms. […] Goals of therapy — The goals of therapy are to achieve „normal” alertness during conventional waking hours or to maximize alertness at important times of the day (eg, during work, school, or while driving). With some medications, such as modafinil or amphetamines, the benefits are apparent within a few days, whereas oxybates require several weeks of treatment to achieve full effects. […] All patients with narcolepsy have some degree of daytime sleepiness. Although a few manage this successfully with only an afternoon nap, most patients require a medication that promotes wakefulness. Such agents improve performance as measured by reaction time and simulated driving tasks, but patients’ ability to stay awake rarely exceeds 70 to 80 percent of normal.

• #1

  https://www.morethantired.com/living-with-narcolepsy/narcolepsy-treatment-options/

  Narcolepsy usually involves long-term treatment, so work with your doctor to address your symptoms and establish a plan for your overall health. […] Narcolepsy management should be individualized and tailored to your needs, goals, and burden of symptoms, and you should be an active participant in treatment decisions. […] Your choice in medication may depend on a variety of these factors. […] Learn about a treatment option that may be right for you.

• #1 Narcolepsy

  https://www.rwjbh.org/trinitas-regional-medical-center/treatment-care/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy/

  Treatment can take weeks, or months, before an optimal regimen can be established. […] Treatment of narcolepsy involves medications as well as lifestyle changes. The medications used for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy are known as central nervous system stimulants. For cataplexy, and other REM-related sleep symptoms, doctors will prescribe antidepressant medications and other drugs that suppress REM sleep. […] Scheduling short naps is also an important part of a treatment regimen. Naps of 10-15 minutes in length, 2-3 times per day, can help the patient stay awake and alert as long as possible. […] Finally, communication is a key factor in helping patients work with their physician, their families and the other people in their lives to help the patient toward control over this sometimes debilitating disease. Support groups are also available to provide advice and information, and there are a number of online resources of information available.

• #1 Narcolepsy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Nonpharmacologic Measures, Pharmacologic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-treatment

  Treatment of narcolepsy has both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic components. Sleep hygiene is important. Most patients improve if they maintain a regular sleep schedule, usually 7.58 hours of sleep per night. Scheduled naps during the day also may help. […] Pharmacologic treatment of narcolepsy involves the use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants such as methylphenidate, modafinil, dextroamphetamine sulfate, methamphetamine, and amphetamine, or solriamfetol, a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. These medications help reduce daytime sleepiness, improving the symptom in 65%85% of patients. In patients for whom stimulant treatment is problematic, subjective benefit from treatment with codeine has been reported. […] In addition to a regular sleep schedule (usually 7.58 hours of sleep per night) and, in some cases, scheduled naps during the day, the following nonpharmacologic measures are also important in narcolepsy: Providing emotional support and career or vocational counseling to patients and parents.

• #1 Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm

  Narcolepsy is a nervous system problem that causes extreme sleepiness and attacks of daytime sleep. […] There is no cure for narcolepsy. However, treatment can help control symptoms. […] Certain changes can help improve your sleep at night and ease daytime sleepiness: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. Keep your bedroom dark and at a comfortable temperature. Make sure your bed and pillows are comfortable. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and heavy meals several hours before bedtime. Don’t smoke. Do something relaxing, such as take a warm bath or read a book before going to sleep. Get regular exercise every day, which can help you sleep at night. Be sure you do your exercise several hours before bedtime. […] Plan naps during the day when you typically feel tired. This helps control daytime sleepiness and reduces the number of unplanned sleep attacks.

• #1 Narcolepsy | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/narcolepsy

  There is no cure for narcolepsy, but lifestyle changes and medications can help treat symptoms. […] Treatment for narcolepsy usually involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medication to reduce sleepiness and treat cataplexy. Medications typically include drugs to help your child stay awake, such as stimulants. […] You may need to work with your child’s school to make some of the lifestyle changes needed. These may include: Taking one or two 15- to 20-minute naps during the day. Naps at mid-morning and after lunch may be especially helpful. Taking frequent breaks from sitting or other sedentary activities to take short walks. Avoiding heavy meals and medications that cause sleepiness.

• #1 Narcolepsy Treatment | Sleep Practitioners

  https://www.sleeppractitioners.com/conditions-treated/narcolepsy/

  Taking regular short naps […] […] Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule […] […] Avoiding caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol […] […] Daily exercise, taken at least four hours before bedtime […] […] Avoiding nighttime meals […] […] Relaxing before bed. […] With Proper Treatment, Your Narcolepsy Symptoms Can Be Managed. […] Contact your primary care physician for a referral, or contact us for more information. […] Many of the treatments for narcolepsy are also used to treat IH.

• #1 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Sodium oxybate. Also known by the brand names Xyrem and Xywav, this drug treats cataplexy. […] Pitolisant (Wakix) or solriamfetol (Sunosi). These drugs help you stay awake for longer periods. […] There’s little evidence that any alternative or natural treatment can reduce narcolepsy symptoms. But some people have found that massage therapy improves their sleep patterns. […] Always check with your doctor before you try any alternative treatment. […] Some lifestyle changes can also help with narcolepsy symptoms: […] Stay away from caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine. […] Follow a regular exercise and meal schedule. Eat smaller meals more often instead of heavy meals. […] Control your sleep schedule. Try to go to sleep and wake up at about the same time every day. […] Schedule several daytime naps, each lasting 10-15 minutes.

• #1 Narcolepsy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375503

  There is no cure for narcolepsy, but treatment to help manage the symptoms include medicines and lifestyle changes. […] Medicines for narcolepsy include: […] Stimulants. Medicines that stimulate the central nervous system are the main treatment to help people with narcolepsy stay awake during the day. Your healthcare professional may recommend modafinil (Provigil) or armodafinil (Nuvigil). […] Solriamfetol (Sunosi) and pitolisant (Wakix) are newer stimulants used for narcolepsy. Pitolisant also may be helpful for cataplexy. […] Sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Lumryz) and oxybate salts (Xywav). These medicines work well at relieving cataplexy. They help improve nighttime sleep, which is often poor in narcolepsy. They also may help control daytime sleepiness. […] Researchers are studying other potential treatments for narcolepsy. Medicines being studied include those that target the hypocretin chemical system. Researchers also are studying immunotherapy. Further research is needed before these medicines become available.

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  For patients with mild to moderate sleepiness (with or without cataplexy), first-line wake-promoting agents include modafinil, armodafinil, pitolisant, and solriamfetol. All four drugs are more effective than placebo for sleepiness, and all have relatively few side effects, though no comparative trials have been performed. […] For patients with inadequate control of mild to moderate sleepiness on modafinil or armodafinil monotherapy, we add either pitolisant or solriamfetol and titrate to effect, then consider tapering off the first agent. Unlike solriamfetol, pitolisant has anti-cataplexy effects and is therefore often a good choice for patients with both sleepiness and cataplexy. […] For patients with severe sleepiness, modafinil and other first-line agents are less likely to be sufficient as monotherapy. In addition, severe sleepiness is usually accompanied by more severe nighttime sleep disruption. For these reasons, we suggest adding or switching to oxybates in patients with severe sleepiness who fail one or more first-line wake-promoting medications.

• #1 Narcolepsy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Nonpharmacologic Measures, Pharmacologic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-treatment

  Methylphenidate is the stimulant most frequently used for treatment of narcolepsy. It improves sleep tendency in a dose-related fashion. Undesirable side effects include headache, irritability, nervousness, and gastrointestinal complaints. Nocturnal sleep may be impaired, with a resulting decrease in total sleep time. […] Modafinil is a novel wake-promoting agent. The mechanism of action is not understood, but it does not appear to involve altering levels of dopamine or norepinephrine. […] Solriamfetol, a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI), was approved in 2019 for EDS in adults with narcolepsy. […] Sodium oxybate is the only treatment for cataplexy that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is also used to treat EDS. […] Pitolisant is a nonscheduled, first-in-class histamine3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist indicated for excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy.

• #1 Narcolepsy – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/sleep-and-wakefulness-disorders/narcolepsy

  Treatment for both cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness is with modafinil, armodafinil, solriamfetol, pitolisant, or oxybates. […] For type 1 narcolepsy, oxybates or pitolisant should be used for cataplexy, and if EDS persists, modafinil should be added. […] For type 2 narcolepsy, modafinil should be first-line treatment, with solriamfetol as second-line for EDS. Pitolisant can also be used to treat EDS. […] Modafinil, a long-acting wake-promoting drug, can help patients with EDS. […] Adverse effects of modafinil include nausea and headache, which are mitigated by lower initial doses and slower titration. […] Armodafinil, the R-enantiomer of modafinil, has similar benefits and adverse effects but is longer-acting; it is taken once in the morning. […] Solriamfetol is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It is indicated to treat EDS (but not cataplexy) in patients with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults

  For patients with severe sleepiness, modafinil and other first-line agents are less likely to be sufficient as monotherapy. In addition, severe sleepiness is usually accompanied by more severe nighttime sleep disruption. […] […] Oxybates (sodium oxybate or mixed oxybate salts) have a different mechanism of action than other narcolepsy medications and may act through effects on nighttime sleep. Although risks and side effects, as well as cost, may be higher with oxybates, they can offer the best chance of optimal symptom control with monotherapy. […] […] Pitolisant is an oral histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist that improves daytime sleepiness and reduces cataplexy in adults with narcolepsy. […] […] Cataplexy is thought to be a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-like state in which the paralysis of REM sleep intrudes into wakefulness. Brainstem circuits that generate REM sleep are strongly inhibited by norepinephrine and serotonin. Thus, antidepressants that increase noradrenergic and serotonergic signaling suppress REM sleep and reduce cataplexy, but they generally have little impact on sleepiness. […]

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Oxybates (sodium oxybate or mixed oxybate salts) have a different mechanism of action than other narcolepsy medications and may act through effects on nighttime sleep. Although risks and side effects, as well as cost, may be higher with oxybates, they can offer the best chance of optimal symptom control with monotherapy. For patients with a good response to oxybates, other wake-promoting medications may be able to be tapered. […] Treatment of residual cataplexy in patients on first-line therapy for sleepiness is individualized depending on the medication chosen for first-line therapy and the presence or absence of residual sleepiness. For patients with mild to moderate sleepiness who respond well to a first-line wake-promoting agent but have disruptive cataplexy, we suggest adding venlafaxine. Fluoxetine, duloxetine, and the tricyclic antidepressants also have anti-cataplexy effects. An alternative to antidepressants is to add or switch to pitolisant. For more severe cataplexy, we add or switch to oxybates.

• #1 A Practical Guide to the Therapy of Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia Syndromes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3480574/

  Sodium oxybate is without any doubt one of the most effective medications available for narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency. […] In our experience that sodium oxybate is safe and efficacious when prescribed within the active dose range and when administration is limited to nighttime hours. […] Sodium oxybate can help significantly, notably if sleep difficulties are present, but special attention to psychiatric status is advised. […] The use of sodium oxybate is limited by its side effect profile and the fact that it is difficult to prescribe. […] For patients unlikely to have hypocretin deficiency, for example those negative for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02 or/and without cataplexy, we are more cautious in terms of drug therapy for several reasons. […] The documentation of excessive sleep through logs or actigraphy is important.

• #1 Recent advances in treatment for narcolepsy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6767718/

  Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic orphan disorder, caused by the selective and irreversible loss of hypocretin/orexin (ORX) neurons, by a probable autoimmune process. […] Despite major advances in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of NT1, management remains nowadays only symptomatic. The main and most disabling symptom, EDS, is managed with psychostimulants, as modafinil/armodafinil, methylphenidate, or amphetamines as a third-line therapy. Narcolepsy is an active area for drug development, and new wake-promoting agents have been developed over the past years. Pitolisant, a selective histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist, has been recently approved to treat patients with NT1 and NT2. Solriamfetol, a phenylalanine derivative with dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity will be soon a new therapeutic option to treat EDS in NT1 and NT2. Sodium oxybate, used for decades in adult patients with narcolepsy, was recently shown to be effective and safe in childhood narcolepsy.

• #1 Narcolepsy Medication: Stimulants, CNS Depressants, Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors, Histamine H3 Antagonist/Inverse Agonist

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-medication

  The main focus of pharmacologic therapy for narcolepsy is symptomatic treatment of excessive somnolence and cataplexy with central nervous system (CNS) stimulants and antidepressants. Stimulants improve wakefulness, and antidepressants (eg, clomipramine, fluoxetine, duloxetine, and venlafaxine) reduce cataplectic attacks. […] Sodium oxybate, a CNS depressant and a salt of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GABA metabolite), is indicated for cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcoleptic patients aged 7 years and older. […] Solriamfetol, a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is indicated for EDS in patients with narcolepsy. […] Pitolisant is a nonscheduled, first-in-class histamine3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist indicated for excessive daytime sleepiness in adults and children aged 6 years and older with narcolepsy.

• #1 How to Treat and Manage Narcolepsy

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/narcolepsy/how-doctors-help-people-with-narcolepsy-treat-manage-their-symptoms/

  Take naps. Strategic napping taking naps of about 15 to 20 minutes, scheduled regularly throughout the day can help with daytime sleepiness, improve energy, and reduce the number of sleep attacks, says Eric Olson, MD, a professor of medicine and a sleep medicine specialist at the Mayo Clinic. […] Experts Say Better Narcolepsy Treatment Options Are on the Horizon […] Doctors currently have no way to reverse this damage, but theyre investigating ways to replace hypocretin, and trying to learn why hypocretin-producing cells are being killed in the first place. […] The goal is to find drugs to block the immune system attack. We might be able to stop narcolepsy before it starts in certain people, he says. […] As doctors learn more about narcolepsy, well have better diagnostic tools and treatments, says Mignot. Right now, we can only treat symptoms; if we could replace whats missing, it would work much better.

• #1 Narcolepsy – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/sleep-and-wakefulness-disorders/narcolepsy

  Pitolisant is a histamine-3 receptor inverse agonist, which is indicated for treatment of EDS and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. […] Oxybate, available in 3 formulations, can also be used to treat EDS and cataplexy. […] Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs have been used in the past to treat cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations; however, data about the effectiveness of these medications are limited. […] Methylphenidate or amphetamine derivatives can be used if patients do not respond to or cannot tolerate wake-promoting drugs.

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  We aim for monotherapy by choosing and optimizing a single drug first. If symptoms are inadequately controlled on a single medication, a second agent is added and titrated to effect. Ideally, the first medication can later be reduced or eliminated, depending on symptom control and tolerability. Still, many patients respond best to a combination of medications, such as long-acting methylphenidate once or twice each day plus short-acting methylphenidate at times of day when sleepiness is most problematic, or a wake-promoting medication plus another medication to suppress cataplexy. […] Medication selection — Selection of initial and subsequent pharmacotherapy should be individualized based on factors that include symptom severity and type, patient age and comorbidities, and medication efficacy, side effects, and cost. Although multiple medications have been shown to be more effective than placebo in randomized trials, very few comparative studies have been performed.

• #1 A Practical Guide to the Therapy of Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia Syndromes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3480574/

  We generally advocate using low addiction potential medications, such as modafinil or atomoxetine first, and we have found that a portion of subjects react favorably. […] The treatment of children with narcolepsy and hypersomnia is similar to that of adults with a few caveats. […] In younger children (pre or peripubertal) with hypocretin deficiency, we have found that sodium oxybate can be uniquely effective. […] Sodium oxybate can be considered as a first-line therapy, as in our experience this drug is at times sufficient by itself.

• #1 Narcolepsy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Nonpharmacologic Measures, Pharmacologic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-treatment

  Amphetamines are commonly used as an off-label treatment for narcolepsy. […] For children younger than 7 years who have narcolepsy, pemoline was previously considered the initial drug of choice. However, the FDA concluded that the overall risk of liver toxicity from pemoline outweighed the benefits, and the drug was removed from the US market in 2005. […] Pitolisant is a FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for children aged 6 years and older with narcolepsy. However, the medications used to treat narcolepsy in adults have been used off-label in the pediatric population with positive results. In particular, methylphenidate and modafinil have proved effective for patients 615 years old. […] Patients with narcolepsy should avoid heavy meals and alcohol. Activity recommendations include the following: Patients should take scheduled short naps.

• #1 Luxury Inpatient Narcolepsy Treatment at Executive Rehab Center

  https://balancerehabclinic.com/narcolepsy-treatment/

  Treatment for young narcolepsy is often similar to adult treatment. […] There is little information available to guide narcolepsy treatment in pregnant, actively attempting to conceive, or lactating women. […] It is possible that the most successful therapy at a premium rehab center for narcolepsy treatment is a dual-diagnosis approach, which treats both illnesses at the same time.

• #1 Recent advances in treatment for narcolepsy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6767718/

  In addition, immune-based therapies administered as early as possible after disease onset could theoretically slow down or stop the destruction of ORX neurons in some selected patients. Further well-designed controlled trials are required to determine if they could really impact on the natural history of the disease. […] In the first part of this review, we detailed, in brief, drugs recommended and currently used in narcolepsy. New drugs developed in recent years with potential for extension of indication in children are detailed in the second part. Finally, we reported on therapeutic perspectives, ORX therapies, and immune-based therapies. […] Current recommended therapies in narcolepsy are limited to symptomatic treatment, targeting the main symptoms of the disease, depending on their severity.

• #1 Pharmacologic Therapy for Narcolepsy – touchNEUROLOGY

  https://touchneurology.com/sleep-disorders/journal-articles/pharmacologic-therapy-for-narcolepsy/

  Immunotherapy has been studied in patients with narcolepsy in the hope of developing symptomatic treatment from this autoimmune standpoint. […] While there is a paucity of head-to-head trials and limited comparison due to differences in utilized scales, these medications can improve patients QOL. However, therapy is still focused on symptom management, and a cure remains elusive.

• #1 Ongoing Studies and New Treatments for Narcolepsy

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/ongoing-studies-and-new-treatments-for-narcolepsy

  Experts discuss the ongoing drug studies for narcolepsy, exploring various medications and their potential efficacy. […] Variants of medications like pitolisant and other H3 receptor antagonists are being investigated, alongside an antidepressant for cataplexy treatment and new hyporcretin agonists. […] Hypocretin agonists hold promise in addressing narcolepsy’s underlying deficiency in the orexin system. […] Preliminary data on medications show significant reductions in daytime sleepiness. […] However, their safety and overall effectiveness in clinical populations are yet to be fully established. […] There’s optimism about the potential of hypocretin agonists, although concerns remain about their ability to address all aspects of narcolepsy, including nocturnal symptoms. […] While initial results are promising, further research is needed to determine their impact on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dissociative symptoms and disrupted nocturnal sleep. […] The consensus is that these medications could offer significant improvements in narcolepsy treatment, but it will likely take a few more years before they become available on the market, allowing for more comprehensive understanding and refinement of their effects.

• #1 Recent advances in treatment for narcolepsy

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6767718/

  Immune-based therapies administered close to disease onset may be promising, with some successful but rare attempts to slow down or stop the autoimmune process. However, results remain controversial so far and there is a real need for future research to better understand the immune process targeting ORX neurons, to identify targeted populations of patients with an active immune process ongoing, to further select better responders to effective therapies in well-designed clinical trials, close to disease onset. […] Among ORX-based therapies, ORX-receptor-2 agonists seem the most promising option in the near future.

• #1 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Narcolepsy | MyNarcolepsyTeam

  https://www.mynarcolepsyteam.com/resources/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-narcolepsy

  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been extensively studied in the field of psychology and psychiatry and is one of the more popular forms of mindfulness-centered therapies for conditions like depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. […] CBT is primarily used to treat the comorbidities associated with narcolepsy. […] CBT has been shown time and time again to be effective in helping symptoms of anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, and more. […] Because people with narcolepsy often have these disorders, CBT may be able to help improve the quality of life of these individuals. […] Some researchers and physicians think that CBT may even be able to go beyond managing comorbidities. […] The goal of CBT for narcolepsy (CBT-N) is to manage the behaviors of individuals with narcolepsy. […] One review proposes that CBT-N use the following components: […] Of the systematic research that has been done, one study used a new method called multicomponent CBT-N. […] Improvements were also observed in reports of excessive daytime sleepiness.

• #1 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Driving safety — People with narcolepsy have a three- to fourfold increased risk of having a car crash, and over one-third have had an accident due to sleepiness. Long highway drives can be especially difficult, as many people with narcolepsy find it difficult to sustain vigilance under monotonous conditions. […] Most medications that promote wakefulness have overlapping mechanisms of action and cardiovascular effects. We therefore recommend monitoring heart rate and blood pressure at each clinic visit, especially as cardiovascular risk factors are common in narcolepsy.

• #1 Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm

  If you have narcolepsy, you may have driving restrictions. Restrictions vary from state to state. Your provider may recommend that you avoid driving or other activities, depending on how well your symptoms are controlled. […] Stimulant medicines can help you stay awake during the day. Antidepressant medicines can help reduce episodes of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) works well to control cataplexy. It can also help control daytime sleepiness. […] Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment. Treating other underlying sleep disorders can improve narcolepsy symptoms.

• #1 Narcolepsy: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12147-narcolepsy

  Many medications that treat narcolepsy or its symptoms are more likely to interact with other drugs. […] In general, your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what side effects, complications or medication interactions to watch for or avoid. […] You shouldnt try to self-diagnose and self-treat narcolepsy. […] The recovery time or time to feel the effects of treatments for narcolepsy depends on many factors. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what to expect in your case, including the timeline on when you should see the effects of medications or changes in your symptoms. […] Narcolepsy is a brain-related condition that causes disruptions in your bodys natural sleep/wake processes. While this condition isnt usually dangerous directly, it can create risks in certain situations. […] Fortunately, this condition is treatable, and most people with narcolepsy see at least some improvements from treatment. Adjusting sleep-related behaviors can also help.

• #1 Narcolepsy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Nonpharmacologic Measures, Pharmacologic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-treatment

  Children with narcolepsy should be monitored by both the primary pediatrician and the pediatric neurologist. Regular follow-up is necessary for monitoring drug effectiveness, response to treatment, and potential side effects; it should be done at least annually and, if the patient is on a stimulant, preferably every 6 months.

• #1 Narcolepsy Genetics, Types, Causes, Symptoms, Tests, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/narcolepsy/article.htm

  Non-drug treatments include education of the patient and family members and modification of behavior patterns. Understanding the symptoms of narcolepsy may help relieve some of the frustrations, fears, anger, depression, and resentment of patients and family members. […] Special considerations may be needed for school schedules and working conditions. Occupations that require working in shifts, changing the work schedule, or driving should be avoided. […] Regular doctor check-ups and adherence to the drug plan and behavioral treatment may diminish these fluctuations and improve the patient’s symptoms and quality of life.

• #1 Narcolepsy: 7 Treatment Options

  https://www.health.com/condition/narcolepsy/narcolepsy-treatments

  Narcolepsy therapies are tailored to the individual and can include medications or lifestyle changes. […] There’s no cure for narcolepsy, but some symptoms can be managed with different treatment options. […] Narcolepsy treatment mainly consists of medications, such as stimulants or sodium oxybate, and lifestyle changes, like avoiding caffeine in the afternoon or taking short naps. […] Treatment can include two major components: Prescription medications: You may be prescribed stimulants, antidepressants, or sodium oxybate to help reduce symptoms of narcolepsy. […] Some lifestyle changes can be helpful for people with narcolepsy. Those changes can include taking naps and exercising regularly to reduce symptoms. […] Stimulants can help people with narcolepsy stay awake during the day.

• #1 Narcolepsy: 7 Treatment Options

  https://www.health.com/condition/narcolepsy/narcolepsy-treatments

  Healthcare providers may prescribe antidepressants to people with narcolepsy to treat symptoms such as poor nighttime sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. […] Sodium oxybate is an FDA-approved treatment that only lasts a few hours, so people typically wake up and take a second dose halfway through the night. […] When possible, frequent naps are an excellent technique for managing symptoms of narcolepsy. […] People with narcolepsy may turn to caffeine in an attempt to stay awake during the day. […] Being physically active can help people with narcolepsy. […] Going to bed at night and waking up at the same time each morning can improve sleep. […] A person may also experience symptoms of narcolepsy while receiving treatment. Still, treatment can be effective for narcolepsy, and treating other sleep disorders that may be present can help with narcolepsy symptoms, too.

• #1 Narcolepsy Treatment | Wake Up Narcolepsy

  https://www.wakeupnarcolepsy.org/about/treatment/

  For people with Narcolepsy, sleep hygiene also includes scheduled day time naps as well as a carefully planned nighttime routine that may or may not include taking medications. […] Scheduled daytime naps are effective ways recharging your energy level. Each person with narcolepsy requires a different nap duration and schedule although shorter naps are preferable.

• #1 Narcolepsy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy

  The concentration of orexin-A neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic individuals is usually very low […] Treatment includes medication, regular short naps, and sleep hygiene. […] Medications used to treat narcolepsy are primarily targeting excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and/or cataplexy. […] Medications include alerting agents (e.g., modafinil, armodafinil, pitolisant, solriamfetol), oxybate medications (e.g., twice nightly sodium oxybate, twice nightly mixed oxybate salts, and once nightly extended-release sodium oxybate), and other stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamine). […] Sodium oxybate can be used for cataplexy associated with narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. […] Regular follow-up is useful to monitor the response to treatment, to assess the presence of other sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea, and to discuss psychosocial issues. […] In many cases, planned regular short naps can reduce the need for pharmacological treatment of the EDS, but only improve symptoms for a short duration. […] Ongoing communication between the health care provider, person, and their family members is important for optimal management of narcolepsy.

• #1 Narcolepsy Can Be Treated. Don’t Wait Until It’s Too Late. | Bangkok International Hospital (Brain x Bone)

  https://www.bangkokinternationalhospital.com/health-articles/disease-treatment/narcolepsy-can-be-treated

  Narcolepsy can be detected by examining the way that you sleep or fall into a drowsy state. […] Treatment can control the symptoms to the degree that they do not become aggressive and affect the patients lifestyle. Sleep disorder can be treated by the use of stimulant medicine to make the patient alert. […] Currently, narcolepsy cannot be prevented. The best approach is to carefully observe ones own sleeping habits and complaints. If any of the above-mentioned symptoms are found, a patient should see the doctor for treatment.

• #1 Center for Narcolepsy | Center for Narcolepsy | Stanford Medicine

  https://med.stanford.edu/narcolepsy.html

  The goals of the Stanford Center for Narcolepsy are to find the cause of narcolepsy, develop new treatments, and eventually prevent and cure this complex disorder. […] Current treatments are imperfect, but most patients regain approximately 80% function. […] One result of this finding is that several companies are working on a novel treatment approach for insomnia by developing hypocretin/orexin receptor antagonists. At Stanford, we are trying to do the opposite. We are developing drugs that stimulate hypocretin (orexin) receptors to replace the missing hypocretin in narcolepsy patients. […] We are working very hard to help these children get proper treatment, as very few clinicians have experience treating children with this condition.

• #2 A Practical Guide to the Therapy of Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia Syndromes

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3480574/

  Narcolepsy and other syndromes associated with excessive daytime sleepiness can be challenging to treat. […] The treatment of narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency is well-codified, and involves pharmacotherapies using sodium oxybate, stimulants, and/or antidepressants, plus behavioral modifications. […] Treatment for other syndromes with hypersomnolence is more challenging and less codified. […] Preferably, therapy should be conservative (such as modafinil, atomoxetine, behavioral modifications), but it may have to be more aggressive (high-dose stimulants, sodium oxybate, etc.) on a case-by-case, empirical trial basis. […] Sodium oxybate, also called gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), was first developed as an anesthetic agent. […] Numerous double-blind studies have now demonstrated that sodium oxybate is effective on many narcolepsy symptoms and the compound is FDA approved for the treatment of cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy.

• #2 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Treatment of narcolepsy in adults […] Management of narcolepsy is symptomatic, and there are no disease-modifying therapies yet available. In many patients with narcolepsy, sleepiness and cataplexy substantially interfere with daily life, impacting school, work, relationships, and social life. Most patients require pharmacologic therapy, and many feel more alert with daytime naps. […] Napping and sleep hygiene — Daytime naps are the mainstay of nonpharmacologic therapy for narcolepsy. Many patients feel more alert with daytime naps, although most will also require pharmacotherapy. […] Comorbid sleep disorders — Patients with narcolepsy often have concomitant obstructive sleep apnea, periodic limb movements of sleep, fragmented sleep, and/or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder that can contribute to their daytime sleepiness. It is often helpful to treat these disorders first and then to focus on improving the sleepiness that is caused by the narcolepsy.

• #2 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  We aim for monotherapy by choosing and optimizing a single drug first. If symptoms are inadequately controlled on a single medication, a second agent is added and titrated to effect. Ideally, the first medication can later be reduced or eliminated, depending on symptom control and tolerability. Still, many patients respond best to a combination of medications, such as long-acting methylphenidate once or twice each day plus short-acting methylphenidate at times of day when sleepiness is most problematic, or a wake-promoting medication plus another medication to suppress cataplexy. […] Medication selection — Selection of initial and subsequent pharmacotherapy should be individualized based on factors that include symptom severity and type, patient age and comorbidities, and medication efficacy, side effects, and cost. Although multiple medications have been shown to be more effective than placebo in randomized trials, very few comparative studies have been performed.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/alberta/Pages/narcolepsy.aspx

  Treatment for narcolepsy depends on how bad your symptoms are. It can take weeks or months before you find the best treatment. […] Taking medicine and making changes to your lifestyle are the 2 main ways to treat narcolepsy. […] The type of medicines that are used to treat narcolepsy are central nervous system stimulants. These medicines help you stay awake during the day. […] You may also take medicine that limits part of the sleep cycle called rapid eye movement or REM sleep. This medicine helps to treat cataplexy and other REM sleep symptoms. […] Making lifestyle changes is an important way to treat narcolepsy. […] Your healthcare provider will suggest you take regular naps during the day. This may be 2 or 3 naps for 10 to 15 minutes or 1 nap for 30 to 60 minutes. Scheduling naps will help you manage feeling sleepy during the day and keep you more alert when you’re awake. Taking daytime naps doesn’t replace the sleep you still need at night. […] Managing your stress can also help you sleep better. Learn about stress management. […] Your healthcare provider may talk to you about other lifestyle changes that will help you sleep better.

• #2 Narcolepsy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Nonpharmacologic Measures, Pharmacologic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-treatment

  Treatment of narcolepsy has both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic components. Sleep hygiene is important. Most patients improve if they maintain a regular sleep schedule, usually 7.58 hours of sleep per night. Scheduled naps during the day also may help. […] Pharmacologic treatment of narcolepsy involves the use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants such as methylphenidate, modafinil, dextroamphetamine sulfate, methamphetamine, and amphetamine, or solriamfetol, a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. These medications help reduce daytime sleepiness, improving the symptom in 65%85% of patients. In patients for whom stimulant treatment is problematic, subjective benefit from treatment with codeine has been reported. […] In addition to a regular sleep schedule (usually 7.58 hours of sleep per night) and, in some cases, scheduled naps during the day, the following nonpharmacologic measures are also important in narcolepsy: Providing emotional support and career or vocational counseling to patients and parents.

• #2 Narcolepsy Treatment | Sleep Practitioners

  https://www.sleeppractitioners.com/conditions-treated/narcolepsy/

  Taking regular short naps […] […] Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule […] […] Avoiding caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol […] […] Daily exercise, taken at least four hours before bedtime […] […] Avoiding nighttime meals […] […] Relaxing before bed. […] With Proper Treatment, Your Narcolepsy Symptoms Can Be Managed. […] Contact your primary care physician for a referral, or contact us for more information. […] Many of the treatments for narcolepsy are also used to treat IH.

• #2 Narcolepsy: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000802.htm

  Narcolepsy is a nervous system problem that causes extreme sleepiness and attacks of daytime sleep. […] There is no cure for narcolepsy. However, treatment can help control symptoms. […] Certain changes can help improve your sleep at night and ease daytime sleepiness: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. Keep your bedroom dark and at a comfortable temperature. Make sure your bed and pillows are comfortable. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and heavy meals several hours before bedtime. Don’t smoke. Do something relaxing, such as take a warm bath or read a book before going to sleep. Get regular exercise every day, which can help you sleep at night. Be sure you do your exercise several hours before bedtime. […] Plan naps during the day when you typically feel tired. This helps control daytime sleepiness and reduces the number of unplanned sleep attacks.

• #2 Narcolepsy

  https://www.rwjbh.org/trinitas-regional-medical-center/treatment-care/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy/

  Treatment can take weeks, or months, before an optimal regimen can be established. […] Treatment of narcolepsy involves medications as well as lifestyle changes. The medications used for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy are known as central nervous system stimulants. For cataplexy, and other REM-related sleep symptoms, doctors will prescribe antidepressant medications and other drugs that suppress REM sleep. […] Scheduling short naps is also an important part of a treatment regimen. Naps of 10-15 minutes in length, 2-3 times per day, can help the patient stay awake and alert as long as possible. […] Finally, communication is a key factor in helping patients work with their physician, their families and the other people in their lives to help the patient toward control over this sometimes debilitating disease. Support groups are also available to provide advice and information, and there are a number of online resources of information available.

• #2 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Psychosocial support — Patients with narcolepsy face various psychosocial and work-related challenges throughout their lives; as a result, they may have difficulty meeting economic and social responsibilities. They also have the additional burden of coping with misperceptions about the causes and the involuntary nature of their symptoms. […] Goals of therapy — The goals of therapy are to achieve „normal” alertness during conventional waking hours or to maximize alertness at important times of the day (eg, during work, school, or while driving). With some medications, such as modafinil or amphetamines, the benefits are apparent within a few days, whereas oxybates require several weeks of treatment to achieve full effects. […] All patients with narcolepsy have some degree of daytime sleepiness. Although a few manage this successfully with only an afternoon nap, most patients require a medication that promotes wakefulness. Such agents improve performance as measured by reaction time and simulated driving tasks, but patients’ ability to stay awake rarely exceeds 70 to 80 percent of normal.

• #2 Narcolepsy – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/sleep-and-wakefulness-disorders/narcolepsy

  Treatment for both cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness is with modafinil, armodafinil, solriamfetol, pitolisant, or oxybates. […] For type 1 narcolepsy, oxybates or pitolisant should be used for cataplexy, and if EDS persists, modafinil should be added. […] For type 2 narcolepsy, modafinil should be first-line treatment, with solriamfetol as second-line for EDS. Pitolisant can also be used to treat EDS. […] Modafinil, a long-acting wake-promoting drug, can help patients with EDS. […] Adverse effects of modafinil include nausea and headache, which are mitigated by lower initial doses and slower titration. […] Armodafinil, the R-enantiomer of modafinil, has similar benefits and adverse effects but is longer-acting; it is taken once in the morning. […] Solriamfetol is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It is indicated to treat EDS (but not cataplexy) in patients with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

• #2 Narcolepsy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375503

  There is no cure for narcolepsy, but treatment to help manage the symptoms include medicines and lifestyle changes. […] Medicines for narcolepsy include: […] Stimulants. Medicines that stimulate the central nervous system are the main treatment to help people with narcolepsy stay awake during the day. Your healthcare professional may recommend modafinil (Provigil) or armodafinil (Nuvigil). […] Solriamfetol (Sunosi) and pitolisant (Wakix) are newer stimulants used for narcolepsy. Pitolisant also may be helpful for cataplexy. […] Sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Lumryz) and oxybate salts (Xywav). These medicines work well at relieving cataplexy. They help improve nighttime sleep, which is often poor in narcolepsy. They also may help control daytime sleepiness. […] Researchers are studying other potential treatments for narcolepsy. Medicines being studied include those that target the hypocretin chemical system. Researchers also are studying immunotherapy. Further research is needed before these medicines become available.

• #2 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  For patients with mild to moderate sleepiness (with or without cataplexy), first-line wake-promoting agents include modafinil, armodafinil, pitolisant, and solriamfetol. All four drugs are more effective than placebo for sleepiness, and all have relatively few side effects, though no comparative trials have been performed. […] For patients with inadequate control of mild to moderate sleepiness on modafinil or armodafinil monotherapy, we add either pitolisant or solriamfetol and titrate to effect, then consider tapering off the first agent. Unlike solriamfetol, pitolisant has anti-cataplexy effects and is therefore often a good choice for patients with both sleepiness and cataplexy. […] For patients with severe sleepiness, modafinil and other first-line agents are less likely to be sufficient as monotherapy. In addition, severe sleepiness is usually accompanied by more severe nighttime sleep disruption. For these reasons, we suggest adding or switching to oxybates in patients with severe sleepiness who fail one or more first-line wake-promoting medications.

• #2 Narcolepsy Medication: Stimulants, CNS Depressants, Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors, Histamine H3 Antagonist/Inverse Agonist

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-medication

  The main focus of pharmacologic therapy for narcolepsy is symptomatic treatment of excessive somnolence and cataplexy with central nervous system (CNS) stimulants and antidepressants. Stimulants improve wakefulness, and antidepressants (eg, clomipramine, fluoxetine, duloxetine, and venlafaxine) reduce cataplectic attacks. […] Sodium oxybate, a CNS depressant and a salt of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GABA metabolite), is indicated for cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcoleptic patients aged 7 years and older. […] Solriamfetol, a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is indicated for EDS in patients with narcolepsy. […] Pitolisant is a nonscheduled, first-in-class histamine3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist indicated for excessive daytime sleepiness in adults and children aged 6 years and older with narcolepsy.

• #2 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Oxybates (sodium oxybate or mixed oxybate salts) have a different mechanism of action than other narcolepsy medications and may act through effects on nighttime sleep. Although risks and side effects, as well as cost, may be higher with oxybates, they can offer the best chance of optimal symptom control with monotherapy. For patients with a good response to oxybates, other wake-promoting medications may be able to be tapered. […] Treatment of residual cataplexy in patients on first-line therapy for sleepiness is individualized depending on the medication chosen for first-line therapy and the presence or absence of residual sleepiness. For patients with mild to moderate sleepiness who respond well to a first-line wake-promoting agent but have disruptive cataplexy, we suggest adding venlafaxine. Fluoxetine, duloxetine, and the tricyclic antidepressants also have anti-cataplexy effects. An alternative to antidepressants is to add or switch to pitolisant. For more severe cataplexy, we add or switch to oxybates.

• #2 How to Treat and Manage Narcolepsy

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/narcolepsy/how-doctors-help-people-with-narcolepsy-treat-manage-their-symptoms/

  Take naps. Strategic napping taking naps of about 15 to 20 minutes, scheduled regularly throughout the day can help with daytime sleepiness, improve energy, and reduce the number of sleep attacks, says Eric Olson, MD, a professor of medicine and a sleep medicine specialist at the Mayo Clinic. […] Experts Say Better Narcolepsy Treatment Options Are on the Horizon […] Doctors currently have no way to reverse this damage, but theyre investigating ways to replace hypocretin, and trying to learn why hypocretin-producing cells are being killed in the first place. […] The goal is to find drugs to block the immune system attack. We might be able to stop narcolepsy before it starts in certain people, he says. […] As doctors learn more about narcolepsy, well have better diagnostic tools and treatments, says Mignot. Right now, we can only treat symptoms; if we could replace whats missing, it would work much better.

• #2 Narcolepsy Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Nonpharmacologic Measures, Pharmacologic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188433-treatment

  Amphetamines are commonly used as an off-label treatment for narcolepsy. […] For children younger than 7 years who have narcolepsy, pemoline was previously considered the initial drug of choice. However, the FDA concluded that the overall risk of liver toxicity from pemoline outweighed the benefits, and the drug was removed from the US market in 2005. […] Pitolisant is a FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for children aged 6 years and older with narcolepsy. However, the medications used to treat narcolepsy in adults have been used off-label in the pediatric population with positive results. In particular, methylphenidate and modafinil have proved effective for patients 615 years old. […] Patients with narcolepsy should avoid heavy meals and alcohol. Activity recommendations include the following: Patients should take scheduled short naps.

• #2 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Narcolepsy | MyNarcolepsyTeam

  https://www.mynarcolepsyteam.com/resources/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-narcolepsy

  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been extensively studied in the field of psychology and psychiatry and is one of the more popular forms of mindfulness-centered therapies for conditions like depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. […] CBT is primarily used to treat the comorbidities associated with narcolepsy. […] CBT has been shown time and time again to be effective in helping symptoms of anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, and more. […] Because people with narcolepsy often have these disorders, CBT may be able to help improve the quality of life of these individuals. […] Some researchers and physicians think that CBT may even be able to go beyond managing comorbidities. […] The goal of CBT for narcolepsy (CBT-N) is to manage the behaviors of individuals with narcolepsy. […] One review proposes that CBT-N use the following components: […] Of the systematic research that has been done, one study used a new method called multicomponent CBT-N. […] Improvements were also observed in reports of excessive daytime sleepiness.

• #2 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Driving safety — People with narcolepsy have a three- to fourfold increased risk of having a car crash, and over one-third have had an accident due to sleepiness. Long highway drives can be especially difficult, as many people with narcolepsy find it difficult to sustain vigilance under monotonous conditions. […] Most medications that promote wakefulness have overlapping mechanisms of action and cardiovascular effects. We therefore recommend monitoring heart rate and blood pressure at each clinic visit, especially as cardiovascular risk factors are common in narcolepsy.

• #2 Narcolepsy Treatment | Sleep Practitioners

  https://www.sleeppractitioners.com/conditions-treated/narcolepsy/

  Narcolepsy Treatment […] Do you have trouble staying awake through the day? Do you have hallucinations as you’re falling asleep or frequent sleep paralysis? You may be suffering from narcolepsy. […] Narcolepsy is one common form of hypersomnia or excessive sleepiness. About one in every 2,000 people is diagnosed with narcolepsy, but sleep scientists suspect that as many as half of all narcolepsy sufferers are undiagnosed. It’s estimated that almost 100,000 additional individuals in the US suffer from idiopathic hypersomnia, a similar condition. […] Our team has the tools needed to diagnose your excessive sleepiness and provide you with narcolepsy treatment options to help you enjoy more of everyday life. […] There is currently no cure for narcolepsy. However, Sleep Practitioners has a number of narcolepsy treatment options that may help sufferers enjoy a more natural sleep-wake cycle with fewer symptoms.

• #2 Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/narcolepsy

  Sodium oxybate. Also known by the brand names Xyrem and Xywav, this drug treats cataplexy. […] Pitolisant (Wakix) or solriamfetol (Sunosi). These drugs help you stay awake for longer periods. […] There’s little evidence that any alternative or natural treatment can reduce narcolepsy symptoms. But some people have found that massage therapy improves their sleep patterns. […] Always check with your doctor before you try any alternative treatment. […] Some lifestyle changes can also help with narcolepsy symptoms: […] Stay away from caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine. […] Follow a regular exercise and meal schedule. Eat smaller meals more often instead of heavy meals. […] Control your sleep schedule. Try to go to sleep and wake up at about the same time every day. […] Schedule several daytime naps, each lasting 10-15 minutes.

• #3 Treatment of narcolepsy in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-narcolepsy-in-adults/print

  Treatment of narcolepsy in adults […] Management of narcolepsy is symptomatic, and there are no disease-modifying therapies yet available. In many patients with narcolepsy, sleepiness and cataplexy substantially interfere with daily life, impacting school, work, relationships, and social life. Most patients require pharmacologic therapy, and many feel more alert with daytime naps. […] Napping and sleep hygiene — Daytime naps are the mainstay of nonpharmacologic therapy for narcolepsy. Many patients feel more alert with daytime naps, although most will also require pharmacotherapy. […] Comorbid sleep disorders — Patients with narcolepsy often have concomitant obstructive sleep apnea, periodic limb movements of sleep, fragmented sleep, and/or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder that can contribute to their daytime sleepiness. It is often helpful to treat these disorders first and then to focus on improving the sleepiness that is caused by the narcolepsy.

• #3 How to Treat and Manage Narcolepsy

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/narcolepsy/how-doctors-help-people-with-narcolepsy-treat-manage-their-symptoms/

  Sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Xywav, Lumryz) Sodium oxybate, which is also known as gamma hydroxybutyrate or GHB, is a strong sedative that can help people with narcolepsy sleep better at night, and reduce daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. […] In addition to medications, lifestyle changes can make a big difference in managing the symptoms of narcolepsy. […] The key to successful treatment is a plan that combines medications and behavioral and lifestyle interventions, says Shelley Hershner, MD, a clinical associate professor of neurology and the director of the Collegiate Sleep Clinic at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. […] Some lifestyle adjustments a treatment plan may include are: […] Stick to good sleep habits. Consistent and adequate sleep is a must for everyone with narcolepsy.

• #3 Narcolepsy – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375503

  There is no cure for narcolepsy, but treatment to help manage the symptoms include medicines and lifestyle changes. […] Medicines for narcolepsy include: […] Stimulants. Medicines that stimulate the central nervous system are the main treatment to help people with narcolepsy stay awake during the day. Your healthcare professional may recommend modafinil (Provigil) or armodafinil (Nuvigil). […] Solriamfetol (Sunosi) and pitolisant (Wakix) are newer stimulants used for narcolepsy. Pitolisant also may be helpful for cataplexy. […] Sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Lumryz) and oxybate salts (Xywav). These medicines work well at relieving cataplexy. They help improve nighttime sleep, which is often poor in narcolepsy. They also may help control daytime sleepiness. […] Researchers are studying other potential treatments for narcolepsy. Medicines being studied include those that target the hypocretin chemical system. Researchers also are studying immunotherapy. Further research is needed before these medicines become available.

• #3 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Narcolepsy | MyNarcolepsyTeam

  https://www.mynarcolepsyteam.com/resources/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-narcolepsy

  Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been extensively studied in the field of psychology and psychiatry and is one of the more popular forms of mindfulness-centered therapies for conditions like depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. […] CBT is primarily used to treat the comorbidities associated with narcolepsy. […] CBT has been shown time and time again to be effective in helping symptoms of anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, and more. […] Because people with narcolepsy often have these disorders, CBT may be able to help improve the quality of life of these individuals. […] Some researchers and physicians think that CBT may even be able to go beyond managing comorbidities. […] The goal of CBT for narcolepsy (CBT-N) is to manage the behaviors of individuals with narcolepsy. […] One review proposes that CBT-N use the following components: […] Of the systematic research that has been done, one study used a new method called multicomponent CBT-N. […] Improvements were also observed in reports of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Zobacz więcej