Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #2 Migraine With Aura: Types, Symptoms & Treatments | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/understanding-migraine-aura/

  Is migraine with aura a distinct type of migraine? Just one phase of a migraine attack? Who experiences aura symptoms? Join us as we break down what you need to know about migraine with aura. […] Aura is a series of sensory disturbances or disruptions to language that usually happen shortly before a migraine attack. These disturbances range from seeing sparks, bright dots, and zig zags to tingling on one side of the body or an inability to speak clearly. This period usually lasts 5-60 minutes, and the specific symptoms of aura often change and evolve during that time. Migraine aura is of particular interest to doctors and researchers, as it doesn’t affect every person with migraine and it generally doesn’t occur during every migraine attack. […] People who are in the aura phase of migraine may experience a range of symptoms, including: Vision Disturbances – Seeing spots, flashes, zig zags, stars, or even losing sight for short periods of time. (Of those who experience migraine with aura, about 90% will experience visual aura.)

• #3 Migraine with Aura | American Headache Society

  https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-with-aura

  Approximately one-third of those with migraine experience aura, a sensory experience that occurs before or during an attack. Visual symptoms include light sensitivity, blurred vision, sparkles and flickering. Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] A team of researchers working in France and the U.S. has demonstrated in a large prospective study that women who experience migraine with aura are at greater risk of all types of stroke including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as all strokes. […] Not everyone experiences aura with their migraine, but those who do see it as a warning sign of an imminent attack.

• #4 Migraine Aura: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22131-migraine-aura

  People who deal with migraine aura experience visual, sensory or motor disturbances just before a migraine attack. This phenomenon usually lasts an hour or less, and symptoms may range from seeing sparks and zigzags to the inability to speak clearly. […] Migraine aura is considered a warning stage that sometimes occurs before the onset of a migraine headache. Migraine aura refers to any number of sensory disturbances, including dots, sparks or zigzags in your vision. Some people experience tinnitus, dizziness or even the inability to speak clearly. […] This condition may occur prior to or during a migraine attack usually 30 to 60 minutes prior to the head pain. It’s important to note that migraine aura doesn’t happen during every migraine episode. […] In most cases, migraine aura symptoms start gradually. Episodes usually last between 20 and 60 minutes.

• #5 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #6 Stages of a migraine attack – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Download

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/stages-of-a-migraine-attack/

  There are different types of migraine that involve different symptoms. There are many features or symptoms that are a part of migraine. There are also differences in how severe a symptom might be. […] The aura of migraine includes a wide range of neurological symptoms. These symptoms include: changes in sight (visual disturbances) such as dark spots, coloured spots, sparkles or ‘stars’, and zigzag lines; numbness or pins and needles; weakness; dizziness or vertigo (sensation of spinning and poor balance); speech and hearing changes. […] Aura is the result of a wave of nerve activity that spreads over the brain (known as cortical spreading depression). […] This stage can last from five to 60 minutes, and usually happens before the headache. […] It is possible to have the aura symptoms without the headache, this is often referred to as ‘silent migraine’.

• #7 1.2 Migraine with aura – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/

  Recurrent attacks, lasting minutes, of unilateral fully-reversible visual, sensory or other central nervous system symptoms that usually develop gradually and are usually followed by headache and associated migraine symptoms. […] The aura is the complex of neurological symptoms that occurs usually before the headache of 1.2 Migraine with aura, but it may begin after the headache phase has commenced, or continue into the headache phase. […] Visual aura is the most common type of aura, occurring in over 90% of patients with 1.2 Migraine with aura, at least in some attacks. […] Next in frequency are sensory disturbances, in the form of pins and needles moving slowly from the point of origin and affecting a greater or smaller part of one side of the body, face and/or tongue. […] When aura symptoms are multiple, they usually follow one another in succession, beginning with visual, then sensory, then aphasic; but the reverse and other orders have been noted.

• #8 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  Migraine aura refers to a collection of symptoms that many people experience before or during a migraine attack. These symptoms can affect your senses in many ways, and some people find it to be the most debilitating part of a migraine attack. […] The most common aura symptoms are visual, which people often describe as flashing lights or blind spots. Aura can also affect your senses, speech, or motor function. […] Aura affects 20-40% of people with migraine, but it isn’t necessarily a part of every attack. […] Visual symptoms are the most common, affecting about 90% of people who have aura. Visual aura might include flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing zig zag patterns. Sensory disturbances, such as tingling in your hand or face, are less common. The rarest aura symptoms are speech disturbances (i.e. aphasia).

• #9 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #10 Migraine with aura – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/migraine-with-aura/

  A type of migraine where you have a warning sign (an ‘aura’) that a migraine attack is going to happen. […] The warning sign is most commonly a symptom that affects your sight, such as blind spots or seeing flashing lights. Auras can either happen on their own or together with the symptoms of a migraine without aura. The auras usually happen before a headache, which could be severe or mild. In some people the headache may not happen. […] Auras usually start happening gradually over about five minutes and last for up to an hour. […] Auras are most commonly to do with your sight. Your speech can also be affected. Some people feel disoriented or confused, or can faint, although this is rare. […] The common symptoms related to your sight include: blind spots, seeing coloured spots or lines, seeing flashing or flickering lights, seeing zig zag patterns, temporary blindness. […] Other aura symptoms can include: numbness or tingling sensation like pins and needles in parts of your body, muscle weakness, feeling dizzy or off balance. […] Subtypes of migraine with aura include migraine with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraine and retinal migraine.

• #11 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #12 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  Migraine aura refers to a collection of symptoms that many people experience before or during a migraine attack. These symptoms can affect your senses in many ways, and some people find it to be the most debilitating part of a migraine attack. […] The most common aura symptoms are visual, which people often describe as flashing lights or blind spots. Aura can also affect your senses, speech, or motor function. […] Aura affects 20-40% of people with migraine, but it isn’t necessarily a part of every attack. […] Visual symptoms are the most common, affecting about 90% of people who have aura. Visual aura might include flashes of light, blind spots, or seeing zig zag patterns. Sensory disturbances, such as tingling in your hand or face, are less common. The rarest aura symptoms are speech disturbances (i.e. aphasia).

• #13 Migraine With Aura: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/what-is-a-migraine-with-aura

  Migraine with aura is a condition that usually includes intense headaches along with sensory disruptions like dizziness, ringing in your ears, zigzag lines in your vision, or sensitivity to light. […] About a quarter of migraine attacks include these sensory changes, called auras. But you may not have one with every attack. Some people get an aura but no head pain. […] Auras can affect your vision, hearing, or ability to speak. You could also have muscle weakness or a tingling sensation. […] Migraine with aura symptoms include sensory disturbances like seeing flashing lights or hearing ringing in the ears. […] Auras may seem like a warning sign that a migraine headache is coming. They often start 30-60 minutes before the headache begins. […] In most cases, aura symptoms come on gradually over a span of about 5 minutes. They can last up to an hour.

• #14 Are these visual symptoms due to migraine? A guide for general practice | British Journal of General Practice

  https://bjgp.org/content/70/691/88

  Visual aura occurs in approximately 30% of migraine patients. The most characteristic aura of migraine is an aura that gradually evolves over more than 5 minutes. This evolution reflects the migrating wave of excitation and inhibition across the cortex, most commonly beginning in the visual cortex. Common visual symptoms include zigzags, small bright dots, looking through semi-transparent glass, heatwaves over asphalt on a sunny day, trickling water on a window, fading colours, and a fusion of colours. Migraine aura symptoms can come on suddenly and last a short time, for example, for a few minutes. They may also last longer than an hour and occur during or rarely after the headache. In summary, although visual symptoms plus headache are likely to be migraine, this is a diagnosis of exclusion and one should think about alternatives.

• #15 Migraine Headache: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-overview

  The most common positive visual phenomenon is the scintillating scotoma, an arc or band of absent vision with a shimmering or glittering zigzag border. […] The diagnosis of migraine requires that the patient has experienced at least 5 attacks that fulfill the following 3 criteria and that are not attributable to another disorder. […] For a diagnosis of migraine with aura, the following criteria must be met: One or more visual, sensory, speech, motor, brainstem, or retinal symptoms, as well as at least 2 of the following 4 criteria: (1) at least 1 aura symptom spreading gradually over 5 or more minutes and/or 2 or more symptoms occurring in succession; (2) each aura symptom lasting 5-60 minutes; (3) at least 1 aura symptom being unilateral; and (4) the aura being accompanied by or followed shortly by headache.

• #16 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #17 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Migraine is associated with an aura in about 30% of people with the disease, and is the onset of fully reversible symptoms that progress slowly before or during the headache. […] The aura phase of a migraine attack is thought to be due to cortical spreading depression (CSD), which is a slowly propagating wave of depolarization followed by cortical inhibition for up to 30 minutes and then depression of or decrease in electrical activity. […] Most people with migraine do not experience aura, and those who do may not experience aura in all their attacks. Auras may also occur without migraine headache. […] Sensory symptoms are the second most common migraine aura according to a prospective diary study, and have been described as anesthesia/hypoesthesia (ie, decreased or no sensation) or more commonly as paresthesias (ie, heightened sensation or a pins-and-needles feeling).

• #18 Migraine with Aura | Melbourne Headache Centre

  https://melbourneheadachecentre.com.au/conditions/migraine-with-aura/

  Migraine aura is one of the most universally thought of symptoms of migraine by the general public, despite affecting less than 30% of migraine sufferers. […] A vast majority (up to 98%) will experience visual disturbances from scotomas or loss of vision and visual snow. This is due to the occipital lobe (containing the visual cortex) being the first affected by the changes occurring in the brain during aura. […] Classic examples are scintillating scotomas experienced by 50% of people having auras these are the patches of lost or blurred vision that are replaced by geometric shapes (zig-zag lines, crescents, fortification tower shapes, etc). […] Migraine aura extends to cover a wide range of presentations, with 36% of cases demonstrating paraesthesia sensory disturbances (pins and needles or numbness) and 10% of cases exhibiting dysphagia (difficulty with speaking), with rarer examples being parosmia (difficulty smelling), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysgeusia (altered taste), hypokinesia (decreased muscle function), paramnesia (deja vu, jamiv vu), auditory hallucinations (tinnitus, buzzing) and altered cognitive function.

• #19 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Other temporary disturbances sometimes associated with migraine aura include: Numbness, typically felt as tingling in one hand or on one side of your face that may spread slowly along a limb, Speech or language difficulty, Muscle weakness. […] See your doctor immediately if you have new signs and symptoms of migraine with aura, such as temporary vision loss, speech or language difficulty, and muscle weakness on one side of your body. Your doctor will need to rule out more-serious conditions, such as a stroke. […] There is evidence that the migraine aura is due to an electrical or chemical wave that moves across the brain. The part of the brain where the electrical or chemical wave spreads determines the type of symptoms you might experience. […] The most common type of aura is visual aura, which occurs when a wave of electrical activity spreads through the visual cortex and causes visual symptoms. […] People who have migraine with aura are at a mildly increased risk of stroke.

• #20 Video: Migraine aura

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/multimedia/migraine-aura/vid-20084707

  A migraine headache is caused by changes in your nervous system. Migraines may progress through four stages: prodrome, aura, attack and postdrome. Not everyone experiences all the stages. […] About 20% of people with migraines experience a more distinct migraine warning sign in a second phase, called the migraine aura. […] A migraine aura usually precedes the migraine attack but can also occur during the attack. A migraine aura can also occur without an associated headache. The migraine attack itself can last as little as four hours or it can last several days. […] Auras commonly last 10 to 30 minutes. […] A sensory aura is also common. It can occur at the same time as the visual aura, directly afterwards or simply on its own. A sensory aura begins as a tingling in one limb or a feeling of numbness that travels up your arm over 10 to 20 minutes. The sensation can spread to one side of your face and tongue. […] Another aura causes transient speech or language problems referred to as dysphasic aura. In the rarest of auras, the limbs and possibly the face on one side of your body might become weak; this is referred to as hemiplegic migraine.

• #21 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Dysphasic auras are difficulties with language and are the third most common aura in a prospective diary study. […] In hemiplegic migraine, aura involves unilateral motor weakness. […] Like other auras, hemiplegic aura typically occurs unilaterally and spreads throughout the body, often starting in the hand and spreading up to the arm and face. […] The aura lasts 20 to 30 minutes and sometimes up to an hour and occurs before or during a headache typical of migraine. […] Migraine with brainstem aura (MWBA) is defined as migraine with aura that includes at least 2 of the following symptoms, suggesting brainstem involvement: dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, hyperacusis, diplopia, ataxia, and decreased level of consciousness. […] The exact pathophysiology of MWBA is still not well understood. Some have suggested these aura symptoms may have cortical origins and can be attributed to CSD, which may explain why visual aura often accompanies MWBA symptoms.

• #22 Understanding Migraine Aura Symptoms – Care Tuner

  https://www.caretuner.com/knowledge/migraine-aura/

  The spread of CSD is the reason aura symptoms seem to blossom over several minutes. […] When migraine aura consists of multiple symptoms, it almost always begins with visual symptoms, followed by numbness and tingling symptoms, because the next part of the brain to be affected by this electrical wave is the part that controls the sense of touch. Weakness or loss of speech can follow. […] Though migraine aura is common and not dangerous, anyone with unusual migraine aura symptoms (such as inability to speak, sudden weakness on one side of the body, trouble seeing) or aura that appears for the first time in later life should see their doctor to ensure it is not a sign of a different condition (i.e., a stroke, brain tumor, retinal tear). […] Some preventive medications are favored for migraine aura, including lamotrigine (Lamictal), an anti-seizure medication found in studies to be effective for severe aura. […] Its important to know your migraine aura symptoms and recognize them when they appear. The earlier you treat a migraine attack, the more effective the treatment will be.

• #23 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Dysphasic auras are difficulties with language and are the third most common aura in a prospective diary study. […] In hemiplegic migraine, aura involves unilateral motor weakness. […] Like other auras, hemiplegic aura typically occurs unilaterally and spreads throughout the body, often starting in the hand and spreading up to the arm and face. […] The aura lasts 20 to 30 minutes and sometimes up to an hour and occurs before or during a headache typical of migraine. […] Migraine with brainstem aura (MWBA) is defined as migraine with aura that includes at least 2 of the following symptoms, suggesting brainstem involvement: dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, hyperacusis, diplopia, ataxia, and decreased level of consciousness. […] The exact pathophysiology of MWBA is still not well understood. Some have suggested these aura symptoms may have cortical origins and can be attributed to CSD, which may explain why visual aura often accompanies MWBA symptoms.

• #24 Migraine with Aura | Melbourne Headache Centre

  https://melbourneheadachecentre.com.au/conditions/migraine-with-aura/

  Migraine aura is one of the most universally thought of symptoms of migraine by the general public, despite affecting less than 30% of migraine sufferers. […] A vast majority (up to 98%) will experience visual disturbances from scotomas or loss of vision and visual snow. This is due to the occipital lobe (containing the visual cortex) being the first affected by the changes occurring in the brain during aura. […] Classic examples are scintillating scotomas experienced by 50% of people having auras these are the patches of lost or blurred vision that are replaced by geometric shapes (zig-zag lines, crescents, fortification tower shapes, etc). […] Migraine aura extends to cover a wide range of presentations, with 36% of cases demonstrating paraesthesia sensory disturbances (pins and needles or numbness) and 10% of cases exhibiting dysphagia (difficulty with speaking), with rarer examples being parosmia (difficulty smelling), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysgeusia (altered taste), hypokinesia (decreased muscle function), paramnesia (deja vu, jamiv vu), auditory hallucinations (tinnitus, buzzing) and altered cognitive function.

• #25 Migraine Stages & Symptoms: Prodromal, Aura, Attack, Postdromal

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraine-phases

  About 1 in 3 to 1 in 4 people with migraines get an „aura” that begins before the headache or starts along with it. It may not happen with every headache, though. […] An aura can include: […] Changes in vision, such as: […] A flickering, jagged arc of light. It may have a complicated shape. It usually appears on the left or right side of your vision. Over a few minutes, it may get bigger. […] A blind spot in your field of vision. This problem — combined with the flickering lights — can make it hard to drive or focus your eyes on small objects. […] You might „see” images from the past or have hallucinations. […] These symptoms may continue to get worse over the next several minutes. […] Skin sensations. You might feel tingling or „pins and needles” in your body during an aura. It may also cause numbness. These feelings often affect the face and hands, but they can spread out across the body. They may continue to expand over the next several minutes. […] Language problems. You may have a hard time communicating with others. Symptoms may include: […] Trouble expressing thoughts when you speak or write […] Trouble understanding spoken or written words […] Confusion […] Trouble concentrating.

• #26 Migraine Stages & Symptoms: Prodromal, Aura, Attack, Postdromal

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraine-phases

  About 1 in 3 to 1 in 4 people with migraines get an „aura” that begins before the headache or starts along with it. It may not happen with every headache, though. […] An aura can include: […] Changes in vision, such as: […] A flickering, jagged arc of light. It may have a complicated shape. It usually appears on the left or right side of your vision. Over a few minutes, it may get bigger. […] A blind spot in your field of vision. This problem — combined with the flickering lights — can make it hard to drive or focus your eyes on small objects. […] You might „see” images from the past or have hallucinations. […] These symptoms may continue to get worse over the next several minutes. […] Skin sensations. You might feel tingling or „pins and needles” in your body during an aura. It may also cause numbness. These feelings often affect the face and hands, but they can spread out across the body. They may continue to expand over the next several minutes. […] Language problems. You may have a hard time communicating with others. Symptoms may include: […] Trouble expressing thoughts when you speak or write […] Trouble understanding spoken or written words […] Confusion […] Trouble concentrating.

• #27 Migraine Aura: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/migraine-and-headache/migraine-aura

  Aura is a group of neurological symptoms that often happen just before a migraine episode. Not everyone who experiences migraine will also experience aura. […] The symptoms of the aura phase can vary from person to person. Typically, the aura phase lasts between 20–60 minutes. However, some people may experience it for longer. For some, the aura may not precede the headache stage but occur alongside the headache instead. […] Visual symptoms of a migraine aura may include: seeing spots, seeing flashes, seeing zigzags, seeing stars, losing sight for a short time. […] Sensory symptoms that may occur with a migraine aura include a feeling of numbness or tingling in the following areas: body, face, hands, fingers. […] Some people experience speech and language issues with a migraine aura, including: inability to produce the correct words, slurring, mumbling.

• #28 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

• #29 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Dysphasic auras are difficulties with language and are the third most common aura in a prospective diary study. […] In hemiplegic migraine, aura involves unilateral motor weakness. […] Like other auras, hemiplegic aura typically occurs unilaterally and spreads throughout the body, often starting in the hand and spreading up to the arm and face. […] The aura lasts 20 to 30 minutes and sometimes up to an hour and occurs before or during a headache typical of migraine. […] Migraine with brainstem aura (MWBA) is defined as migraine with aura that includes at least 2 of the following symptoms, suggesting brainstem involvement: dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, hyperacusis, diplopia, ataxia, and decreased level of consciousness. […] The exact pathophysiology of MWBA is still not well understood. Some have suggested these aura symptoms may have cortical origins and can be attributed to CSD, which may explain why visual aura often accompanies MWBA symptoms.

• #30 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  Symptoms will begin gradually, and continue to progress gradually for 5 minutes to one hour. […] Aura symptoms are often positive. This means that the symptom is added on to your senses for example, flashing lights are more common than blind spots. […] If you experience more than one aura symptom, they will usually occur in succession rather than happening simultaneously. This often starts with visual symptoms, then sensory, then speech-related. […] Brainstem aura is typically accompanied by classic aura symptoms such as flashing lights or pins and needles. […] Hemiplegic migraine is characterised by temporary weakness on one side of the body. Symptoms can range from weakness with numbness and tingling through to temporary paralysis in the arm and leg on one side of the body. […] Migraine with retinal aura causes fully reversible visual disturbances in one eye, such as shimmering or flickering of vision, blind spots, or blindness.

• #31 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

• #32 Types of Auras You May Experience During a Migraine | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/types-of-auras-you-may-experience-during-a-migraine

  Temporary paralysis or weakness on one side of the body is a symptom of this unusual migraine. Numbness and pins and needles are other symptoms. The weakness usually lasts no more than 24 hours, although it might continue for days. […] The following seem to be the most typical signs: vertigo, speaking difficulties, hearing loss accompanied by ringing in the ears (also known as tinnitus), and diplopia refers to the condition of seeing two images at once. […] One unusual kind of migraine with aura is called a migraine of the retina. The only eye it affects is the one that is affected. This may lead to temporary vision loss or flashing lights in the affected eye. […] Aura from migraines has mysterious origins. However, studies suggest the illness might be caused by an electrical pulse that travels over the visual brain, causing the aforementioned visual abnormalities.

• #33 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  Symptoms will begin gradually, and continue to progress gradually for 5 minutes to one hour. […] Aura symptoms are often positive. This means that the symptom is added on to your senses for example, flashing lights are more common than blind spots. […] If you experience more than one aura symptom, they will usually occur in succession rather than happening simultaneously. This often starts with visual symptoms, then sensory, then speech-related. […] Brainstem aura is typically accompanied by classic aura symptoms such as flashing lights or pins and needles. […] Hemiplegic migraine is characterised by temporary weakness on one side of the body. Symptoms can range from weakness with numbness and tingling through to temporary paralysis in the arm and leg on one side of the body. […] Migraine with retinal aura causes fully reversible visual disturbances in one eye, such as shimmering or flickering of vision, blind spots, or blindness.

• #34 Retinal Migraine Vs. Migraine With Aura: What’s The Difference? | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2024/12/retinal-migraine

  The most obvious difference between a retinal migraine and a migraine with aura is whether it affects one or both eyes. A migraine with aura affects both eyes, but a retinal migraine affects only one eye, explains Dr. Kumar. And the vision disruptions from retinal migraine are often more severe than an aura, but they usually go away within an hour. […] The visual disturbances from a retinal migraine or a migraine with aura include: Floating shapes or patterns, like squares or zigzag lines, Scotoma (blind spot or decreased vision in one area), Scintillations (twinkling lights). […] A retinal migraine usually causes a headache within an hour of the visual symptoms, but some people never get head pain, says Dr. Kumar. The visual disturbances can be stressful, though, and can interfere with your daily life. […] The vision changes with retinal migraines and auras are temporary. However, you should still contact your provider if you notice sudden changes in your vision. Migraines usually dont cause permanent vision problems, says Dr. Kumar.

• #35 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #36 Migraine Aura: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22131-migraine-aura

  People who deal with migraine aura experience visual, sensory or motor disturbances just before a migraine attack. This phenomenon usually lasts an hour or less, and symptoms may range from seeing sparks and zigzags to the inability to speak clearly. […] Migraine aura is considered a warning stage that sometimes occurs before the onset of a migraine headache. Migraine aura refers to any number of sensory disturbances, including dots, sparks or zigzags in your vision. Some people experience tinnitus, dizziness or even the inability to speak clearly. […] This condition may occur prior to or during a migraine attack usually 30 to 60 minutes prior to the head pain. It’s important to note that migraine aura doesn’t happen during every migraine episode. […] In most cases, migraine aura symptoms start gradually. Episodes usually last between 20 and 60 minutes.

• #37 1.2 Migraine with aura – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/

  Recurrent attacks, lasting minutes, of unilateral fully-reversible visual, sensory or other central nervous system symptoms that usually develop gradually and are usually followed by headache and associated migraine symptoms. […] The aura is the complex of neurological symptoms that occurs usually before the headache of 1.2 Migraine with aura, but it may begin after the headache phase has commenced, or continue into the headache phase. […] Visual aura is the most common type of aura, occurring in over 90% of patients with 1.2 Migraine with aura, at least in some attacks. […] Next in frequency are sensory disturbances, in the form of pins and needles moving slowly from the point of origin and affecting a greater or smaller part of one side of the body, face and/or tongue. […] When aura symptoms are multiple, they usually follow one another in succession, beginning with visual, then sensory, then aphasic; but the reverse and other orders have been noted.

• #38 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  In general, aura could be caused by the same factors that trigger migraine attacks without aura. […] CSD is a wave of atypical activity that moves across the brain, altering the function of brain cells and blood vessels. […] About 20-40% of people with migraine experience aura and even then, they won’t always have aura alongside every migraine attack. Other people have aura without any head pain at all. […] You will be diagnosed if you have at least two attacks that involve one or more of the following fully reversible aura symptoms: Visual, Sensory, Speech and/or language, Motor, Brainstem, Retinal. […] At least one aura symptom spreads gradually over 5 minutes. […] Each individual aura symptom lasts 5-60 minutes. […] At least one aura symptom is unilateral (on one side of your body). […] Most preventive medications are equally likely to work for patients with and without migraine aura. However one preventive medication lamotrigine is recommended specifically for people with visual aura.

• #39 Migraine with Aura: Symptoms, Visual Disturbances, and Management

  https://headacheaustralia.org.au/migraine-aura/

  Symptoms will begin gradually, and continue to progress gradually for 5 minutes to one hour. […] Aura symptoms are often positive. This means that the symptom is added on to your senses for example, flashing lights are more common than blind spots. […] If you experience more than one aura symptom, they will usually occur in succession rather than happening simultaneously. This often starts with visual symptoms, then sensory, then speech-related. […] Brainstem aura is typically accompanied by classic aura symptoms such as flashing lights or pins and needles. […] Hemiplegic migraine is characterised by temporary weakness on one side of the body. Symptoms can range from weakness with numbness and tingling through to temporary paralysis in the arm and leg on one side of the body. […] Migraine with retinal aura causes fully reversible visual disturbances in one eye, such as shimmering or flickering of vision, blind spots, or blindness.

• #40 1.2 Migraine with aura – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/

  Recurrent attacks, lasting minutes, of unilateral fully-reversible visual, sensory or other central nervous system symptoms that usually develop gradually and are usually followed by headache and associated migraine symptoms. […] The aura is the complex of neurological symptoms that occurs usually before the headache of 1.2 Migraine with aura, but it may begin after the headache phase has commenced, or continue into the headache phase. […] Visual aura is the most common type of aura, occurring in over 90% of patients with 1.2 Migraine with aura, at least in some attacks. […] Next in frequency are sensory disturbances, in the form of pins and needles moving slowly from the point of origin and affecting a greater or smaller part of one side of the body, face and/or tongue. […] When aura symptoms are multiple, they usually follow one another in succession, beginning with visual, then sensory, then aphasic; but the reverse and other orders have been noted.

• #41 Aura And Migraine: Risks, Symptoms, Treatment And Facts | Neurologists and Headache Specialists & Neurologists located in New York, NY, Telemedicine-New Jersey, Toms River, NJ and North Miami, Aventura, FL | Modern Migraine MD

  https://www.modernmigrainemd.com/post/aura-and-migraine-risks-symptoms-treatment-and-facts

  When people experience an aura for the first time, they sometimes assume they have had a stroke. Migraine aura symptoms and symptoms of a stroke are similar, but there can be a few key differences. Aura symptoms usually come on gradually, whereas stroke symptoms appear suddenly. […] Researchers are not yet sure why some migraine sufferers experience an aura, while others do not. An aura, like other migraine symptoms, appears to be due to changes in the blood vessels and nerves in certain parts of the brain. […] Those who suffer from migraine aura symptoms are at an increased risk for stroke and heart disease. Researchers surmise that the narrowed blood vessels seen in migraine patients who experience auras make strokes more likely. […] In addition to helping you identify and avoid your personal migraine aura symptoms triggers, your doctor will likely prescribe a combination of preventive and acute treatment medications.

• #42 Migraine With Aura – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554611/

  Migraine attacks progress through 4 phases: prodrome, aura, headache, and postdrome. […] Nearly 25% of patients with migraine experience aura, which can precede the headache or coincide with it. Auras develop gradually and consist of positive and negative symptoms, typically lasting no more than 60 minutes. Aura symptoms are entirely reversible. Positive symptoms arise from active discharge from central nervous system neurons, while negative symptoms result from absence or loss of function. […] Visual auras classically begin as a small area of vision loss or the appearance of bright lines or shapes in the visual field, known as a scintillating scotoma. This visual disturbance then expands to involve a quadrant or hemifield of vision. […] Patients with a migraine equivalent or acephalic migraine develop an aura without a subsequent headache. This variant of migraine presents a unique challenge in diagnosis and management, requiring careful evaluation to differentiate it from other neurological conditions.

• #43 1.2 Migraine with aura – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/

  Recurrent attacks, lasting minutes, of unilateral fully-reversible visual, sensory or other central nervous system symptoms that usually develop gradually and are usually followed by headache and associated migraine symptoms. […] The aura is the complex of neurological symptoms that occurs usually before the headache of 1.2 Migraine with aura, but it may begin after the headache phase has commenced, or continue into the headache phase. […] Visual aura is the most common type of aura, occurring in over 90% of patients with 1.2 Migraine with aura, at least in some attacks. […] Next in frequency are sensory disturbances, in the form of pins and needles moving slowly from the point of origin and affecting a greater or smaller part of one side of the body, face and/or tongue. […] When aura symptoms are multiple, they usually follow one another in succession, beginning with visual, then sensory, then aphasic; but the reverse and other orders have been noted.

• #44 Migraine Aura: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22131-migraine-aura

  People who deal with migraine aura experience visual, sensory or motor disturbances just before a migraine attack. This phenomenon usually lasts an hour or less, and symptoms may range from seeing sparks and zigzags to the inability to speak clearly. […] Migraine aura is considered a warning stage that sometimes occurs before the onset of a migraine headache. Migraine aura refers to any number of sensory disturbances, including dots, sparks or zigzags in your vision. Some people experience tinnitus, dizziness or even the inability to speak clearly. […] This condition may occur prior to or during a migraine attack usually 30 to 60 minutes prior to the head pain. It’s important to note that migraine aura doesn’t happen during every migraine episode. […] In most cases, migraine aura symptoms start gradually. Episodes usually last between 20 and 60 minutes.

• #45 Migraine With Aura: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/what-is-a-migraine-with-aura

  Migraine with aura is a condition that usually includes intense headaches along with sensory disruptions like dizziness, ringing in your ears, zigzag lines in your vision, or sensitivity to light. […] About a quarter of migraine attacks include these sensory changes, called auras. But you may not have one with every attack. Some people get an aura but no head pain. […] Auras can affect your vision, hearing, or ability to speak. You could also have muscle weakness or a tingling sensation. […] Migraine with aura symptoms include sensory disturbances like seeing flashing lights or hearing ringing in the ears. […] Auras may seem like a warning sign that a migraine headache is coming. They often start 30-60 minutes before the headache begins. […] In most cases, aura symptoms come on gradually over a span of about 5 minutes. They can last up to an hour.

• #46 The Timeline of a Migraine Attack | American Migraine Foundation

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/timeline-migraine-attack/

  The headache phase of a migraine attack is characterized by pain on one or both sides of the head. This phase typically lasts from several hours to up to three days. Headache phase pain can vary from person to person and from incident to incident, with some migraine attacks causing mild pain, while others are debilitating. The pain can shift from one side of a person’s head to the other over the course of the headache, or more commonly, may begin on one side and then gradually involve the other side. […] Postdrome, also called the “migraine hangover,” typically occurs after the end of the headache phase. Like prodrome and aura, not every person with migraine suffers from postdrome, but it does occur in most (approximately 80%). For those that do, postdrome may not follow every migraine attack they experience, and the length of this phase can vary. Postdrome can be just as debilitating as headache, according to some people with migraine. Symptoms of postdrome include fatigue, body aches, trouble concentrating, dizziness and sensitivity to light.

• #47 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #48 Prolonged migraine aura: new insights from a prospective diary-aided study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0910-y

  There is limited literature on prolonged aura (PA – defined as an aura including at least one symptom for 1 h and 7 d), and there are no prospective studies. […] The aim of this study is to characterize prospectively the phenotype and prevalence of PA. […] Patients prospectively described, on an ad hoc diary, each aura symptom (AS), the duration of AS and headache, and headache features. […] 19 (26.4%) of patients suffered at least one PA. Out of 216 recorded auras, 38 (17.6%) were PAs. […] PAs are quite common. They do not differ from the other auras (even when their duration extends to 2 and/or 4 h) with the exception of a higher number of non-VS. […] Our findings show that phenotypically PAs are similar to non-PAs and are fairly common with 17% of all auras being PA and with 26% of patients experiencing at least one. […] The only differences found between PAs and other auras was a higher number of non-visual symptoms. […] Our findings indicate the need to reconsider the use of the term prolonged aura and the duration of aura symptoms that should be classed as a typical or prolonged auras.

• #49 Persistent Aura Migraine Without Infarction: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/persistent-aura-without-infarction-1719540

  There are a number of rare manifestations of migraines, and persistent migraine aura without infarction (PMA) is one of them. In a persistent aura without infarction, your aura doesn’t go away, even after the onset of the migraine headache. […] The most important feature of persistent migraine aura without infarction is the migraine aura itself. An aura is a reversible neurological disturbance that may precede or accompany a migraine headache. Typical auras last between five and 60 minutes, but in PMA, your aura can persist for a week or more. […] Many people experience visual disturbances during an aura. These symptoms are the same in persistent migraine aura without infarction, only they last longer. Visual changes can include: Seeing zigzag lines, Seeing flashing lights, Visual hallucinations, Temporary blind spots (scotomas), Blurred vision.

• #50 Migraine Aura: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22131-migraine-aura

  Most migraine aura last an hour or less. However, some people may experience continuous migraine auras that last a week or longer. If this happens to you, be sure to contact your healthcare provider right away. Theyll run tests to ensure that your symptoms arent due to other, more serious conditions.

• #51 Prolonged migraine aura: new insights from a prospective diary-aided study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-018-0910-y

  There is limited literature on prolonged aura (PA – defined as an aura including at least one symptom for 1 h and 7 d), and there are no prospective studies. […] The aim of this study is to characterize prospectively the phenotype and prevalence of PA. […] Patients prospectively described, on an ad hoc diary, each aura symptom (AS), the duration of AS and headache, and headache features. […] 19 (26.4%) of patients suffered at least one PA. Out of 216 recorded auras, 38 (17.6%) were PAs. […] PAs are quite common. They do not differ from the other auras (even when their duration extends to 2 and/or 4 h) with the exception of a higher number of non-VS. […] Our findings show that phenotypically PAs are similar to non-PAs and are fairly common with 17% of all auras being PA and with 26% of patients experiencing at least one. […] The only differences found between PAs and other auras was a higher number of non-visual symptoms. […] Our findings indicate the need to reconsider the use of the term prolonged aura and the duration of aura symptoms that should be classed as a typical or prolonged auras.

• #52 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Other temporary disturbances sometimes associated with migraine aura include: Numbness, typically felt as tingling in one hand or on one side of your face that may spread slowly along a limb, Speech or language difficulty, Muscle weakness. […] See your doctor immediately if you have new signs and symptoms of migraine with aura, such as temporary vision loss, speech or language difficulty, and muscle weakness on one side of your body. Your doctor will need to rule out more-serious conditions, such as a stroke. […] There is evidence that the migraine aura is due to an electrical or chemical wave that moves across the brain. The part of the brain where the electrical or chemical wave spreads determines the type of symptoms you might experience. […] The most common type of aura is visual aura, which occurs when a wave of electrical activity spreads through the visual cortex and causes visual symptoms. […] People who have migraine with aura are at a mildly increased risk of stroke.

• #53 Migraine With Aura – Migraine World Summit

  https://migraineworldsummit.com/migraine-with-aura/

  Migraine, and migraine with aura, is more than just a headache. In fact, for many people its not a headache at all. Bouts of vertigo, waves of nausea, vision loss, and the inability to speak or walk are just some of the symptoms that those with migraine with aura can experience. […] Aura occurs due to a spreading electrochemical event on the surface, or the cortex, of the brain. This electrochemical event spreads slowly, two to three millimeters per minute, across the cortex, and as this event progresses, the aura symptoms commence. […] Most of the time, 90% in fact, the aura begins in the occipital cortex which controls vision, explaining why patients often complain of hallucinations in their vision. […] The duration of symptoms depends on which area of the brain the spreading electrochemical event is occurring. Some people may start to feel numbness in their tongue, in their face, in their hand, in their arm, or even in their leg.

• #54 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Migraine is associated with an aura in about 30% of people with the disease, and is the onset of fully reversible symptoms that progress slowly before or during the headache. […] The aura phase of a migraine attack is thought to be due to cortical spreading depression (CSD), which is a slowly propagating wave of depolarization followed by cortical inhibition for up to 30 minutes and then depression of or decrease in electrical activity. […] Most people with migraine do not experience aura, and those who do may not experience aura in all their attacks. Auras may also occur without migraine headache. […] Sensory symptoms are the second most common migraine aura according to a prospective diary study, and have been described as anesthesia/hypoesthesia (ie, decreased or no sensation) or more commonly as paresthesias (ie, heightened sensation or a pins-and-needles feeling).

• #55 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Migraine is associated with an aura in about 30% of people with the disease, and is the onset of fully reversible symptoms that progress slowly before or during the headache. […] The aura phase of a migraine attack is thought to be due to cortical spreading depression (CSD), which is a slowly propagating wave of depolarization followed by cortical inhibition for up to 30 minutes and then depression of or decrease in electrical activity. […] Most people with migraine do not experience aura, and those who do may not experience aura in all their attacks. Auras may also occur without migraine headache. […] Sensory symptoms are the second most common migraine aura according to a prospective diary study, and have been described as anesthesia/hypoesthesia (ie, decreased or no sensation) or more commonly as paresthesias (ie, heightened sensation or a pins-and-needles feeling).

• #56 Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of migraine in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-migraine-in-adults

  Migraine is an episodic disorder, the centerpiece of which is a severe headache generally associated with nausea and/or light and sound sensitivity. It is one of the most common complaints encountered by neurologists in day-to-day practice. […] The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and complications of migraine will be reviewed here. Other aspects of migraine are discussed separately. […] The current state of knowledge suggests that a primary neuronal dysfunction leads to a sequence of changes intracranially and extracranially that account for migraine, including the four phases of premonitory symptoms, aura, headache, and postdrome. […] Cortical spreading depression — A causal association between migraine aura and headache is supported by evidence that both are linked to the phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression of Leão. Cortical spreading depression is a self-propagating wave of neuronal and glial depolarization that spreads across the cerebral cortex.

• #57 Migraine With Nonvisual Aura

  https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2022-may/migraine-with-nonvisual-aura

  Migraine is associated with an aura in about 30% of people with the disease, and is the onset of fully reversible symptoms that progress slowly before or during the headache. […] The aura phase of a migraine attack is thought to be due to cortical spreading depression (CSD), which is a slowly propagating wave of depolarization followed by cortical inhibition for up to 30 minutes and then depression of or decrease in electrical activity. […] Most people with migraine do not experience aura, and those who do may not experience aura in all their attacks. Auras may also occur without migraine headache. […] Sensory symptoms are the second most common migraine aura according to a prospective diary study, and have been described as anesthesia/hypoesthesia (ie, decreased or no sensation) or more commonly as paresthesias (ie, heightened sensation or a pins-and-needles feeling).

• #58 Migraine with Aura | Melbourne Headache Centre

  https://melbourneheadachecentre.com.au/conditions/migraine-with-aura/

  Migraine aura is one of the most universally thought of symptoms of migraine by the general public, despite affecting less than 30% of migraine sufferers. […] A vast majority (up to 98%) will experience visual disturbances from scotomas or loss of vision and visual snow. This is due to the occipital lobe (containing the visual cortex) being the first affected by the changes occurring in the brain during aura. […] Classic examples are scintillating scotomas experienced by 50% of people having auras these are the patches of lost or blurred vision that are replaced by geometric shapes (zig-zag lines, crescents, fortification tower shapes, etc). […] Migraine aura extends to cover a wide range of presentations, with 36% of cases demonstrating paraesthesia sensory disturbances (pins and needles or numbness) and 10% of cases exhibiting dysphagia (difficulty with speaking), with rarer examples being parosmia (difficulty smelling), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), dysgeusia (altered taste), hypokinesia (decreased muscle function), paramnesia (deja vu, jamiv vu), auditory hallucinations (tinnitus, buzzing) and altered cognitive function.

• #59 An Expert Explains Migraine Aura From Visual Phenomena to Hand Tingling – Migraine Again

  https://www.migraineagain.com/aura-phase/

  In most cases, the migraine aura may progress from visual symptoms to sensory symptoms, to language and motor symptoms in some sequence over the course of several minutes. In others, however, there may be no clear progression, and aura symptoms may occur simultaneously. […] The occurrence of the migraine aura is highly variable from person to person as well as from attack to attack within a given individual. Some individuals have only two or three attacks of migraine aura during their lifetime whereas others have migraine aura with a higher percentage of their attacks. A small number of patients have aura with 100% of their attacks. […] Understanding and recognizing the aura phase of a migraine attack can be crucial for early intervention and effective management. Aura symptoms, such as visual phenomena, tingling sensations, and language or motor difficulties, may vary from person to person and from one attack to another. […] While aura can sometimes mimic stroke symptoms, there are key differences in their duration and type of visual or sensory effects. By being aware of these distinctions, individuals can confidently seek appropriate medical attention when necessary.

• #60 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Overall, with advancing age, the MA tends to exhibit fewer typical features, and this has significant clinical implications. Considering that older patients are more prone to having vascular risk factors, there is a risk of misdiagnosing a migraine aura as an ischemic event, particularly if it occurs for the first time.

• #61 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Given the similar presentation of migraine aura and acute ischemic stroke, advancing patient age might change the characteristics of migraine with aura (MA) and be clinically important. […] The frequency of typical characteristics of migraine aura and migraine headache including photophobia and phonophobia decreases with advancing patient age. This might have potentially difficult implications for the diagnosis of MA in the elderly. […] The main findings of our study are: a) patients with gradually spreading symptoms over 5 min, symptoms occurring in succession, and symptoms lasting longer than 60 min were younger, b) patients with a higher number of aura symptoms were younger, c) patients with lack of headache were older and the headache, when present, was less often accompanied by photo- and phonophobia with advancing age, and d) patients with sensory symptoms, paresis or speech disturbance were younger.

• #62 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Given the similar presentation of migraine aura and acute ischemic stroke, advancing patient age might change the characteristics of migraine with aura (MA) and be clinically important. […] The frequency of typical characteristics of migraine aura and migraine headache including photophobia and phonophobia decreases with advancing patient age. This might have potentially difficult implications for the diagnosis of MA in the elderly. […] The main findings of our study are: a) patients with gradually spreading symptoms over 5 min, symptoms occurring in succession, and symptoms lasting longer than 60 min were younger, b) patients with a higher number of aura symptoms were younger, c) patients with lack of headache were older and the headache, when present, was less often accompanied by photo- and phonophobia with advancing age, and d) patients with sensory symptoms, paresis or speech disturbance were younger.

• #63 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Given the similar presentation of migraine aura and acute ischemic stroke, advancing patient age might change the characteristics of migraine with aura (MA) and be clinically important. […] The frequency of typical characteristics of migraine aura and migraine headache including photophobia and phonophobia decreases with advancing patient age. This might have potentially difficult implications for the diagnosis of MA in the elderly. […] The main findings of our study are: a) patients with gradually spreading symptoms over 5 min, symptoms occurring in succession, and symptoms lasting longer than 60 min were younger, b) patients with a higher number of aura symptoms were younger, c) patients with lack of headache were older and the headache, when present, was less often accompanied by photo- and phonophobia with advancing age, and d) patients with sensory symptoms, paresis or speech disturbance were younger.

• #64 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Given the similar presentation of migraine aura and acute ischemic stroke, advancing patient age might change the characteristics of migraine with aura (MA) and be clinically important. […] The frequency of typical characteristics of migraine aura and migraine headache including photophobia and phonophobia decreases with advancing patient age. This might have potentially difficult implications for the diagnosis of MA in the elderly. […] The main findings of our study are: a) patients with gradually spreading symptoms over 5 min, symptoms occurring in succession, and symptoms lasting longer than 60 min were younger, b) patients with a higher number of aura symptoms were younger, c) patients with lack of headache were older and the headache, when present, was less often accompanied by photo- and phonophobia with advancing age, and d) patients with sensory symptoms, paresis or speech disturbance were younger.

• #65 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #66 Silent migraine: What is migraine aura without headache?

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323011

  Aura symptoms include visual disturbances, such as the appearance of flashing lights in front of the eyes, numbness and tingling in parts of the body, temporary loss of sight, difficulty with speech and language, dizziness or balance problems, and loss of consciousness, in some cases. […] Migraine aura without headache will build up over time. It tends to change in the first 5 minutes of starting and can last up to an hour. […] Silent migraine involves an aura, which often involves visual disturbances, such as flashing lights. It can also cause nausea, dizziness, and other symptoms that typically occur with migraine, but it does not involve a headache. […] Silent migraine affects around 4% of people with migraine. For some, it is more of a nuisance while for others it can affect their ability to function in daily life.

• #67 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Overall, with advancing age, the MA tends to exhibit fewer typical features, and this has significant clinical implications. Considering that older patients are more prone to having vascular risk factors, there is a risk of misdiagnosing a migraine aura as an ischemic event, particularly if it occurs for the first time.

• #68 Migraine with Aura | American Headache Society

  https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-with-aura

  Approximately one-third of those with migraine experience aura, a sensory experience that occurs before or during an attack. Visual symptoms include light sensitivity, blurred vision, sparkles and flickering. Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] A team of researchers working in France and the U.S. has demonstrated in a large prospective study that women who experience migraine with aura are at greater risk of all types of stroke including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as all strokes. […] Not everyone experiences aura with their migraine, but those who do see it as a warning sign of an imminent attack.

• #69 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Other temporary disturbances sometimes associated with migraine aura include: Numbness, typically felt as tingling in one hand or on one side of your face that may spread slowly along a limb, Speech or language difficulty, Muscle weakness. […] See your doctor immediately if you have new signs and symptoms of migraine with aura, such as temporary vision loss, speech or language difficulty, and muscle weakness on one side of your body. Your doctor will need to rule out more-serious conditions, such as a stroke. […] There is evidence that the migraine aura is due to an electrical or chemical wave that moves across the brain. The part of the brain where the electrical or chemical wave spreads determines the type of symptoms you might experience. […] The most common type of aura is visual aura, which occurs when a wave of electrical activity spreads through the visual cortex and causes visual symptoms. […] People who have migraine with aura are at a mildly increased risk of stroke.

• #70 Migraine with Aura: An Overview – Migraine Canada

  https://migrainecanada.org/migraine-with-aura-an-overview/

  Typically, auras are progressive and last from 5 minutes to one hour. If many different symptoms occur in a sequence, the aura might last longer. Rarely, the aura can be persistent and last many hours, days and even weeks. […] Migraine with aura tend to be more genetic than migraine without aura. […] Auras can occur without migraines and may be caused by other conditions such as stroke, blood vessel problems, or brain lesions. […] Yes. People with migraine with aura have an increased risk of stroke (3 to 4-times more than the general population). […] Auras can be completely benign, but they are still a medical condition. You should be evaluated to determine the need for investigations and treatments.

• #71 Migraine and stroke | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/stroke/managing-risk/migraines-and-stroke

  Migraines have not been shown to cause stroke, but if you have migraine with aura, you have a very slightly higher risk of stroke. […] If you have migraine with aura, you are about twice as likely to have an ischaemic stroke in your lifetime compared to those without migraine. […] Taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (combi pill) increases the risk of a stroke in women who have migraine with aura. […] Some health conditions are linked to migraine. For example, CADASIL (a rare genetic disorder), and the auto-immune conditions antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus, are linked to a higher risk of stroke, and people with these conditions are also more likely to have migraine. […] The symptoms of some types of migraine can mimic stroke, such as hemiplegic migraine where there is weakness down one side.

• #72 Migraine and stroke | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/stroke/managing-risk/migraines-and-stroke

  Migraines have not been shown to cause stroke, but if you have migraine with aura, you have a very slightly higher risk of stroke. […] If you have migraine with aura, you are about twice as likely to have an ischaemic stroke in your lifetime compared to those without migraine. […] Taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (combi pill) increases the risk of a stroke in women who have migraine with aura. […] Some health conditions are linked to migraine. For example, CADASIL (a rare genetic disorder), and the auto-immune conditions antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus, are linked to a higher risk of stroke, and people with these conditions are also more likely to have migraine. […] The symptoms of some types of migraine can mimic stroke, such as hemiplegic migraine where there is weakness down one side.

• #73 Migraine with aura – National Migraine Centre

  https://www.nationalmigrainecentre.org.uk/understanding-migraine/factsheets-and-resources/migraine-with-aura/

  Fortunately, most aura symptoms last for a short period of time. […] If the aura symptoms are frequent and disturb your life significantly, preventive medications can be used to reduce the frequency and duration of the aura attacks speak to your GP or book a consultation with an expert at the National Migraine Centre. […] It has been shown that patients with migraine aura have a slightly increased risk of having a stroke. This is a very small risk but can increase further if other risk factors are present, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or being overweight. […] Another factor that can increase the chances of stroke is the use of the combined contraceptive pill (the Pill): this should be avoided by female patients with migraine aura.

• #74 What Is a Migraine Aura? All About Migraines With Aura | Excedrin

  https://www.excedrin.com/headache-and-migraine-academy/migraines/migraine-types/aura-migraines/

  Migraines with aura seem to be triggered by many of the same things that can bring on migraine without aura, including: bright lights, stress, certain foods or drugs, hormonal changes such as during menstruation, changes in altitude or air pressure, and issues with sleep lack of, or too much. […] Like migraines without aura, migraines with aura dont appear to cause lasting damage, although they can be painful and disruptive. […] However, people who experience migraines with aura (particularly women and smokers) may have a slightly higher risk of stroke, and so should be aware of the signs. […] You should also consult a doctor when you first experience aura symptoms, as some of these can also be caused by a stroke, retinal tear or other serious conditions. […] The treatment for migraine with aura is the same as for migraine without aura. It is generally recommended to take your migraine medication at the first sign of migraine symptoms.

• #75 Migraine with aura – National Migraine Centre

  https://www.nationalmigrainecentre.org.uk/understanding-migraine/factsheets-and-resources/migraine-with-aura/

  Fortunately, most aura symptoms last for a short period of time. […] If the aura symptoms are frequent and disturb your life significantly, preventive medications can be used to reduce the frequency and duration of the aura attacks speak to your GP or book a consultation with an expert at the National Migraine Centre. […] It has been shown that patients with migraine aura have a slightly increased risk of having a stroke. This is a very small risk but can increase further if other risk factors are present, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or being overweight. […] Another factor that can increase the chances of stroke is the use of the combined contraceptive pill (the Pill): this should be avoided by female patients with migraine aura.

• #76 Migraine with Aura: An Overview – Migraine Canada

  https://migrainecanada.org/posts/the-migraine-tree/roots/migraine-categories/migraine-with-aura-an-overview/

  Yes. People with migraine with aura have an increased risk of stroke (3 to 4-times more than the general population). But this risk applies mostly to people below fifty, whose baseline stroke risk is very low. […] Auras can be completely benign, but they are still a medical condition. You should be evaluated to determine the need for investigations and treatments.

• #77 Transient ischemic attack or migraine with aura? | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening

  https://tidsskriftet.no/en/2023/10/clinical-review/transient-ischemic-attack-or-migraine-aura

  The neurological symptoms that occur during the migraine aura are thus not caused by hypoperfusion and ischemia but rather a primary discharge of nerve cells, resulting in transient positive neurological symptoms such as blurring, light flashes and paraesthesia. Such symptoms may be followed by transient negative neurological symptoms (loss of function), such as hemianopsia and numbness, which very rarely cause permanent damage (migrainous infarction). The role of migraine as a risk factor for stroke is not well understood, but a tendency to generate both cortical spreading depression (aura) and microemboli may be a causal link. […] Symptoms develop over minutes and typically last 20-30 minutes, but can last much longer. May recur over a period of several years.

• #78 Aura And Migraine: Risks, Symptoms, Treatment And Facts | Neurologists and Headache Specialists & Neurologists located in New York, NY, Telemedicine-New Jersey, Toms River, NJ and North Miami, Aventura, FL | Modern Migraine MD

  https://www.modernmigrainemd.com/post/aura-and-migraine-risks-symptoms-treatment-and-facts

  When people experience an aura for the first time, they sometimes assume they have had a stroke. Migraine aura symptoms and symptoms of a stroke are similar, but there can be a few key differences. Aura symptoms usually come on gradually, whereas stroke symptoms appear suddenly. […] Researchers are not yet sure why some migraine sufferers experience an aura, while others do not. An aura, like other migraine symptoms, appears to be due to changes in the blood vessels and nerves in certain parts of the brain. […] Those who suffer from migraine aura symptoms are at an increased risk for stroke and heart disease. Researchers surmise that the narrowed blood vessels seen in migraine patients who experience auras make strokes more likely. […] In addition to helping you identify and avoid your personal migraine aura symptoms triggers, your doctor will likely prescribe a combination of preventive and acute treatment medications.

• #79 What Is Migraine Aura? | UPMC HealthBeat

  https://share.upmc.com/2024/02/migraine-aura/

  Other types of migraine aura and symptoms include: Sensory aura. This includes tingling or numbness in your mouth, hands, or feet. Auditory aura. This includes hearing disturbances, such as tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or hearing music or other noises. Language, or aphasic, aura. This type of aura is rare. If you have this, you may have difficulty finding or understanding words. Or when you speak, the words come out wrong. A motor aura that can cause you to feel weakness on one side of face or body. Also known as a hemiplegic migraine, this is a very rare form of aura. […] Migraine with aura can cause serious complications, including: Having a migraine with aura doubles your risk of ischemic stroke compared to someone without migraine. […] When you have an ischemic stroke along with migraine with aura, it’s known as a migrainous stroke. You’re at an even greater risk of migrainous stroke if you experience auras that include loss of vision or speech problems.

• #80 Migraine and stroke | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/stroke/managing-risk/migraines-and-stroke

  Migraine auras can be confused with transient ischaemic attack (TIA), where someone has stroke symptoms that pass in a short time. […] Migraine can sometimes be mistaken for a stroke caused by bleeding on the brain, called a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), which is often characterised by a sudden, very severe headache.

• #81 Migraine Aura | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/migraine-aura-or-stroke

  Aura symptoms can be easily mistaken for stroke and other neurologic conditions. If you develop these symptoms for the first time (aka you don’t have a history of migraines or headaches), it might be signs of stroke — and you should seek medical attention immediately. […] Stroke tends to come on suddenly, while auras tend to build slowly. […] A visual migraine aura can cause blind spots that don’t last long, and they tend to look like flashing lights or rainbow colors that can zigzag. Stroke tends to cause a sustained absence, darkness or loss of vision. […] If you do have an aura without a headache or vestibular migraine, there’s help available for you, too.

• #82 Migraine Aura | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/migraine-aura-or-stroke

  Migraine with visual aura often presents visual changes that include positive symptoms (e.g., flashing lights), a blind spot or waves in the vision. […] More than 60 million Americans experience migraine, with about 20 percent experiencing migraine with aura. Migraine with aura involves recurrent headaches accompanied by vision changes (e.g., bright lights or zigzag lines), sensory disturbances (e.g., tingling), difficulty with speech and other neurologic symptoms. […] A migraine aura without headache is characterized by sensory symptoms, most often including an evolving visual disturbance (e.g., the zigzag rainbow across your vision). An aura disturbance episode typically lasts five to 60 minutes. […] Migraine aura without headache and vestibular migraine are diagnoses of exclusion. If someone is developing new neurologic symptoms of a migraine aura without headache, they should be evaluated by a medical provider to confirm the symptoms are not due to a stroke, an eye problem, multiple sclerosis, infection or another neurologic condition.

• #83 Migraine With Aura: Types, Symptoms & Treatments | AMF

  https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/understanding-migraine-aura/

  Treating migraine with aura may consist of a combination of acute and preventative medication. However, according to Dr. Todd Schwedt, if your symptoms have an immediate onset, last longer than 60 minutes or do not completely resolve, medical attention is required. Additionally, if you experience additional symptoms, such as weakness on one side of the body, changes in consciousness or level of alertness, it’s time to see a doctor. […] Women who experience migraine with aura may be at a higher risk of stroke. For this reason, it’s important to discuss other stroke risk factors and ways to minimize your stroke risk with your physician.

• #84 Migraine Aura or Stroke: When to Worry and What to Do

  https://www.neurocenternj.com/blog/migraine-aura-or-stroke-when-to-worry-and-what-to-do/

  Any unusual change in vision can be very alarming. Many people think they may be a sign of a stroke. In some people, they are. In other people, they may be a migraine aura or vestibular migraine. These migraines, which can occur with or without headache pain, result in rainbow-like colors or other vision changes like zigzag lines or bright lights. […] About 1/5th of migraine sufferers experience an aura with their headaches. Vision changes are the most common signs of an aura. However, they can also lead to neurological symptoms like speech difficulties. […] However, sometimes, people can experience a migraine aura without getting a headache. You may have heard these called silent migraines, acephalgic migraines, or simply migraine auras. Auras have sensory symptoms, including visual disturbances. People with migraine headaches are more likely to experience these. Still, some people without a headache history can get them as well. […] Similar to migraine auras, vestibular migraines show up as dizziness and might include nausea and vomiting.

• #85 Ocular Migraine (Retinal Migraine) vs. Migraine Aura

  https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/ocular-migraine/overview-of-retinal-migraine/

  Doctors are usually more concerned about a retinal migraine than a migraine with aura. It’s rare, but retinal migraines can sometimes lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. Get medical help if your symptoms last longer than an hour. […] Almost all visual migraine auras will make you see at least one unusual effect. Most auras last between five minutes and one hour before they go away on their own. […] Visual effects can include: Flashing lights, Zigzagging lines, Bright spots, Blurry or blind spots, Foggy vision, Wavy or „watery” vision. […] Most people get very sensitive to light once their migraine pain starts, even if they don’t see an aura beforehand. They can also feel pain or pressure behind their eyes.

• #86 Aura (symptom) – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aura_(symptom)

  The aura of migraine is visual in the vast majority of cases, because dysfunction starts from the visual cortex. The aura is usually followed, after a time varying from minutes to an hour, by the migraine headache. However, the migraine aura can manifest itself in isolation, that is, without being followed by headache. The aura can stay for the duration of the migraine; depending on the type of aura, it can leave the person disoriented and confused. It is common for people with migraines to experience more than one type of aura during the migraine. Some people who have auras have the same type of aura every time. […] Auras can also be confused with sudden onset of panic, panic attacks or anxiety attacks, which creates difficulties in diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of patients who experience symptoms of paresthesias, derealization, dizziness, chest pain, tremors, and palpitations can be quite challenging.

• #87 Migraine and stroke | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/stroke/managing-risk/migraines-and-stroke

  Migraines have not been shown to cause stroke, but if you have migraine with aura, you have a very slightly higher risk of stroke. […] If you have migraine with aura, you are about twice as likely to have an ischaemic stroke in your lifetime compared to those without migraine. […] Taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (combi pill) increases the risk of a stroke in women who have migraine with aura. […] Some health conditions are linked to migraine. For example, CADASIL (a rare genetic disorder), and the auto-immune conditions antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus, are linked to a higher risk of stroke, and people with these conditions are also more likely to have migraine. […] The symptoms of some types of migraine can mimic stroke, such as hemiplegic migraine where there is weakness down one side.

• #88 1.2 Migraine with aura – ICHD-3

  https://ichd-3.org/1-migraine/1-2-migraine-with-aura/

  Recurrent attacks, lasting minutes, of unilateral fully-reversible visual, sensory or other central nervous system symptoms that usually develop gradually and are usually followed by headache and associated migraine symptoms. […] The aura is the complex of neurological symptoms that occurs usually before the headache of 1.2 Migraine with aura, but it may begin after the headache phase has commenced, or continue into the headache phase. […] Visual aura is the most common type of aura, occurring in over 90% of patients with 1.2 Migraine with aura, at least in some attacks. […] Next in frequency are sensory disturbances, in the form of pins and needles moving slowly from the point of origin and affecting a greater or smaller part of one side of the body, face and/or tongue. […] When aura symptoms are multiple, they usually follow one another in succession, beginning with visual, then sensory, then aphasic; but the reverse and other orders have been noted.

• #89 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Migraine aura symptoms include temporary visual or other disturbances that usually strike before other migraine symptoms such as intense head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. […] Migraine aura usually occurs within an hour before head pain begins and generally lasts less than 60 minutes. Sometimes migraine aura occurs without headache, especially in people age 50 and older. […] Most people who have migraine with aura develop temporary visual signs and symptoms, which tend to start in the center of the field of vision and spread outward. These might include: Blind spots (scotomas), which are sometimes outlined by simple geometric designs, Zigzag lines that gradually float across your field of vision, Shimmering spots or stars, Changes in vision or vision loss, Flashes of light.

• #90 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Other temporary disturbances sometimes associated with migraine aura include: Numbness, typically felt as tingling in one hand or on one side of your face that may spread slowly along a limb, Speech or language difficulty, Muscle weakness. […] See your doctor immediately if you have new signs and symptoms of migraine with aura, such as temporary vision loss, speech or language difficulty, and muscle weakness on one side of your body. Your doctor will need to rule out more-serious conditions, such as a stroke. […] There is evidence that the migraine aura is due to an electrical or chemical wave that moves across the brain. The part of the brain where the electrical or chemical wave spreads determines the type of symptoms you might experience. […] The most common type of aura is visual aura, which occurs when a wave of electrical activity spreads through the visual cortex and causes visual symptoms. […] People who have migraine with aura are at a mildly increased risk of stroke.

• #91 Changes of migraine aura with advancing age of patients | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-023-01642-w

  Given the similar presentation of migraine aura and acute ischemic stroke, advancing patient age might change the characteristics of migraine with aura (MA) and be clinically important. […] The frequency of typical characteristics of migraine aura and migraine headache including photophobia and phonophobia decreases with advancing patient age. This might have potentially difficult implications for the diagnosis of MA in the elderly. […] The main findings of our study are: a) patients with gradually spreading symptoms over 5 min, symptoms occurring in succession, and symptoms lasting longer than 60 min were younger, b) patients with a higher number of aura symptoms were younger, c) patients with lack of headache were older and the headache, when present, was less often accompanied by photo- and phonophobia with advancing age, and d) patients with sensory symptoms, paresis or speech disturbance were younger.

• #92 Migraine with Aura | American Headache Society

  https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-with-aura

  Approximately one-third of those with migraine experience aura, a sensory experience that occurs before or during an attack. Visual symptoms include light sensitivity, blurred vision, sparkles and flickering. Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] A team of researchers working in France and the U.S. has demonstrated in a large prospective study that women who experience migraine with aura are at greater risk of all types of stroke including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as all strokes. […] Not everyone experiences aura with their migraine, but those who do see it as a warning sign of an imminent attack.

• #93 Migraine with aura – National Migraine Centre

  https://www.nationalmigrainecentre.org.uk/understanding-migraine/factsheets-and-resources/migraine-with-aura/

  Fortunately, most aura symptoms last for a short period of time. […] If the aura symptoms are frequent and disturb your life significantly, preventive medications can be used to reduce the frequency and duration of the aura attacks speak to your GP or book a consultation with an expert at the National Migraine Centre. […] It has been shown that patients with migraine aura have a slightly increased risk of having a stroke. This is a very small risk but can increase further if other risk factors are present, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or being overweight. […] Another factor that can increase the chances of stroke is the use of the combined contraceptive pill (the Pill): this should be avoided by female patients with migraine aura.

• #94 Migraine Aura | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/migraine-aura-or-stroke

  Aura symptoms can be easily mistaken for stroke and other neurologic conditions. If you develop these symptoms for the first time (aka you don’t have a history of migraines or headaches), it might be signs of stroke — and you should seek medical attention immediately. […] Stroke tends to come on suddenly, while auras tend to build slowly. […] A visual migraine aura can cause blind spots that don’t last long, and they tend to look like flashing lights or rainbow colors that can zigzag. Stroke tends to cause a sustained absence, darkness or loss of vision. […] If you do have an aura without a headache or vestibular migraine, there’s help available for you, too.

Zobacz więcej