Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Migraine with aura – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/symptoms-causes/syc-20352072

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. These disturbances can include flashes of light, blind spots, and other vision changes or tingling in your hand or face. […] Treatments for migraine with aura and migraine without aura (also called common migraine) are usually the same. You can try to prevent migraine with aura with the same medications and self-care measures used to prevent migraine. […] See your doctor immediately if you have new signs and symptoms of migraine with aura, such as temporary vision loss, speech or language difficulty, and muscle weakness on one side of your body. Your doctor will need to rule out more-serious conditions, such as a stroke. […] There is evidence that the migraine aura is due to an electrical or chemical wave that moves across the brain. The part of the brain where the electrical or chemical wave spreads determines the type of symptoms you might experience. […] Many of the same factors that trigger migraine can also trigger migraine with aura, including stress, bright lights, some foods and medications, too much or too little sleep, and menstruation. […] People who have migraine with aura are at a mildly increased risk of stroke.

• #2 Migraine with Aura | American Headache Society

  https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-with-aura

  Approximately one-third of those with migraine experience aura, a sensory experience that occurs before or during an attack. […] Its important to correctly identify aura because those who have migraine with aura can potentially turn chronic, have a higher risk of stroke, and should have a different treatment plan. […] A team of researchers working in France and the U.S. has demonstrated in a large prospective study that women who experience migraine with aura are at greater risk of all types of stroke including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as well as all strokes. […] Here’s what you should know about migraine with aura, how it’s treated and the different types people can experience during a migraine attack. […] Migraine with brainstem aura has distinct and debilitating effects. Learn about the causes, symptoms and how to manage and treat it. […] Not everyone experiences aura with their migraine, but those who do see it as a warning sign of an imminent attack.

• #3 Migraine with aura – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/migraine-with-aura/

  A type of migraine where you have a warning sign (an ‘aura’) that a migraine attack is going to happen […] About one in three people with migraine have this type of migraine. […] The warning sign is most commonly a symptom that affects your sight, such as blind spots or seeing flashing lights. […] Auras can either happen on their own or together with the symptoms of a migraine without aura. The auras usually happen before a headache, which could be severe or mild. In some people the headache may not happen. […] Auras usually start happening gradually over about five minutes and last for up to an hour. […] Auras are most commonly to do with your sight. Your speech can also be affected. Some people feel disoriented or confused, or can faint, although this is rare. […] Subtypes of migraine with aura include migraine with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraine and retinal migraine.

• #4 Diagnosis and management of migraine in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-021-00509-5

  Migraine manifests clinically as recurrent attacks of headache with a range of accompanying symptoms. In approximately one third of individuals with migraine, headache is sometimes or always preceded or accompanied by transient neurological disturbances, referred to as migraine aura. Aura is defined as transient focal neurological symptoms that usually precede, but sometimes accompany, the headache phase of a migraine attack. In 90% of affected individuals, aura manifests visually, classically as fortification spectra. Sensory symptoms occur in ~31% of affected individuals and are usually experienced as predominantly unilateral paraesthesia (pins and needles and/or numbness) that spreads gradually in the face or arm. Less common aura symptoms include aphasic speech disturbance, brainstem symptoms (such as dysarthria and vertigo), motor weakness (in hemiplegic migraine) and retinal symptoms (for example, repeated monocular visual disturbances). Aura symptoms can be similar to those of transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), but can be differentiated on the basis that aura symptoms often spread gradually (over 5 min) and occur in succession, whereas symptoms of a TIA have a sudden, simultaneous onset. Notably, migraine with aura and migraine without aura can coexist. Many individuals with migraine with aura also experience attacks that are not preceded by aura. In such cases, migraine with aura and migraine without aura should both be diagnosed.

• #5 Types of Aura | American Headache Society

  https://americanheadachesociety.org/research/library/types-of-aura

  Migraine with aura occurs in about one-third of people with migraine. The typical aura starts out gradually over 5 minutes and lasts 5-60 minutes, is usually unilateral and followed by a headache within 60 minutes. […] Diagnosing sensory and aphasic auras can be a little trickier, Dr. Digre says, but can be done through a thorough medical history, ruling out other causes and doing imagine when necessary. […] However, Dr. Digre says people with migraine with aura have a slightly increased risk of stroke. That means providers should be vigilant about blood pressure, cholesterol, and other preventative factors to keep people from having strokes. Women with migraine with aura might want to consider not using oral contraceptives because that can also increase stroke risk.

• #6 Patient education: Migraine in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraine-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Migraine is a common type of headache condition, affecting up to 12 percent of adults. […] A typical migraine „attack” involves four phases: the prodrome, the aura, the headache (which may be accompanied by other symptoms), and the postdrome. […] About 25 percent of people with migraine experience an „aura” before the headache. Aura symptoms may include flashing lights or bright spots, zigzag lines, changes in vision, or numbness or tingling in the fingers of one hand, lips, tongue, or lower face. […] Auras may also involve other senses and can occasionally cause temporary muscle weakness or changes in speech; these symptoms can be frightening. […] Treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your migraine attacks. Many people who experience regular attacks need both acute and preventive treatment.

• #7 Patient education: Migraine in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraines-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Migraine is a common type of headache condition, affecting up to 12 percent of adults. […] A typical migraine „attack” involves four phases: the prodrome, the aura, the headache (which may be accompanied by other symptoms), and the postdrome. […] About 25 percent of people with migraine experience an „aura” before the headache. Aura symptoms may include flashing lights or bright spots, zigzag lines, changes in vision, or numbness or tingling in the fingers of one hand, lips, tongue, or lower face. […] If you think a medication you are taking may be triggering migraine attacks, talk to your health care provider. […] Treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your migraine attacks. Many people who experience regular attacks need both acute and preventive treatment: Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a migraine to relieve the pain immediately.

• #8 Diagnosing Migraine | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/migraine/diagnosis

  An aura is a physiological warning sign that a migraine is about to start. Visual aura is the most common type of aura. Visual auras include bright flashing dots or lights, blind spots or distorted vision, temporary vision loss, and wavy or jagged lines. […] Auras can affect the other senses as well. People having a migraine with aura may experience a ringing in the ears, which is known as tinnitus, or changes in their sense of smell, taste, or touch. They may also describe having a „funny feeling.” […] An aura can occur before or at the beginning of the head pain, and it can last from 15 minutes to 1 hour.

• #9 The Difference Between Migraine With and Without Aura

  https://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/migraine-auras-explained

  When you have long-term migraine, it’s about much more than a headache. […] For Some People a Migraine Comes With an Aura […] Its common for migraines to make you feel sick and cause you to be sensitive to light and sound. But you may also see strange things like colored spots or flashing lights. This is called an aura. […] Not Everyone Gets Migraines With Aura […] Only about a third of people with migraine have aura. And if you do have aura, It might not happen every time you have a migraine. […] Symptoms of a migraine with aura can look like a more serious condition, such as a stroke or a seizure. To rule those out, you may get some extra tests, including an eye exam. […] The first time you notice an aura, it’s important to get medical care right away to find out what’s going on.

• #10 Migraine with aura – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352077

  Your doctor might diagnose the migraine with aura based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family history, and a physical exam. […] For migraine with aura, just as with migraine alone, treatment is aimed at relieving migraine pain. […] Medications used to relieve migraine pain work best when taken at the first sign of an oncoming migraine as soon as signs and symptoms of a migraine aura begin. […] Medications can help prevent frequent migraines, with or without aura. […] When symptoms of migraine with aura start, try heading to a quiet, darkened room. Close your eyes and rest or take a nap. Place a cool cloth or an ice pack wrapped in a towel or cloth on your forehead. […] Other practices that might soothe migraine with aura pain include relaxation techniques.

• #11 Migraine With Aura | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25145

  Migraine variants that present with focal neurological deficits include: Hemiplegic migraine: Unilateral paralysis or weakness. […] Migraine diagnosis relies on a clinical assessment, necessitating a comprehensive history and physical examination. […] The diagnostic criteria established by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) include migraine without aura and migraine with aura. […] At least 2 attacks that meet the following criteria: 1 fully reversible aura symptoms: Visual, Sensory, Speech, Language, Motor, Brainstem, Retinal. […] Management includes both abortive and preventive therapies tailored to individual patient needs. […] Nurses, advanced practitioners, and physicians play vital roles in collaborating with patients on lifestyle adjustments and medication education. […] Proper management often leads to a favorable prognosis for most patients with migraine headaches.

• #12

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00000446-202201000-00018&Journal_ID=54030&Issue_ID=6182293

  Migraine is associated with multiple genes in conjunction with epigenetic triggers. […] The first step in evaluating patients with a headache disorder is to determine whether the disorder is primary or secondary in order to ensure the patients receive appropriate and timely treatment. […] This article provides an overview of migraine pathophysiology, incidence, prevalence, distribution, diagnosis, and management in the outpatient primary care setting. It also focuses on the essential role of nurses in helping patients achieve long-term control over this debilitating condition. Nurses are often the patient’s first and most frequent clinical contact. Nursing assessment and ongoing management are thus critical for optimal patient outcomes. […] When discussing a headache treatment plan with patients, nurses should specifically ask about risk factors, including coexisting disorders, and suggest ways to address modifiable risks.

• #13

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00000446-202201000-00018&Journal_ID=54030&Issue_ID=6182293

  A comprehensive headache history is invaluable in determining the correct diagnosis and formulating a comprehensive treatment plan that emphasizes ongoing management. […] After a thorough initial history, follow-up visits should assess any changes in headache symptoms and frequency, as patients with migraine may experience several types of headache concurrently. […] To speed this process, we recommend asking patients to start by describing their most debilitating headache type and, after ensuring they understand the difference between preventive and acute treatments, encouraging them to keep a diary of their headache frequency, symptoms, and severity; acute treatment efficacy; and any adverse effects of medication or barriers to obtaining care. […] Counseling on the appropriate use and expectations of acute therapies is important for long-term success and adherence.

• #14 Aura: Warning Sign of a Migraine…and a Future Stroke – McLeod Health

  https://www.mcleodhealth.org/blog/aura-warning-sign-migraineand-future-stroke/

  Aura: Warning Sign of a Migraine and a Future Stroke […] Excruciating pain. Nausea. Sensitivity to light. The crushing symptoms of migraine headaches affect 15% of the population and, unfortunately, women are 3 times as likely as men to experience them. […] Migraine headaches alone are bad enough. But add the symptoms related to auras and your risk of a future stroke goes up significantly. […] A migraine headache with aura, known as a classical migraine, affects up to 30% of migraine sufferers. Five to 20 minutes before the onset of the headache, you see flashing lights, sparks, and dark patches. These effects might be accompanied by the feeling of pins and needles, spreading from one part of your body to another. […] In some ways the aura is a good thing. Longtime sufferers recognize the aura as a warning sign of an oncoming migraine. It allows the victim to prepare, taking medication to reduce the severity of the migraine.

• #15 Migraine with aura // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/migraine-with-aura

  Medications can help prevent frequent migraines, with or without aura. Your doctor might recommend preventive medications if you have frequent, long-lasting or severe headaches that don’t respond well to treatment. […] When symptoms of migraine with aura start, try heading to a quiet, darkened room. Close your eyes and rest or take a nap. Place a cool cloth or an ice pack wrapped in a towel or cloth on your forehead. […] Keep a headache diary by writing a description of each incident of visual disturbances or unusual sensations, including when they occurred, how long they lasted and what triggered them. A headache diary can help your doctor diagnose your condition and track your progress in between visits.

• #16 Headache & Migraine: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/headache-migraine-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Migraine headaches are a recurring type of headache described as unilateral throbbing pain. These commonly occur in females between the ages of 25 and 50. Migraines may occur with an aura or, more commonly, without an aura (75% of cases). Chronic migraines are diagnosed when experienced at least 15 days a month for at least three months. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. In this section, we will cover subjective and objective data related to headaches or migraines. […] Identify migraine headaches. Migraines are characterized by a pounding headache on one side. Usually, symptoms last for 4-72 hours. Clinical manifestations of migraine headaches include: Unilateral throbbing that is synchronous with the persons pulse, Nausea and vomiting, Sweating or chills, Fatigue, Dizziness, Vision changes, Sensitivity to light, sound, and odors.

• #17 Adult migraine: More than a headache – American Nurse

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/adult-migraine-more-than-a-headache/

  Migraine frequently goes misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. […] Nurses play an important role in assessing for and managing migraine symptoms. […] Providers diagnose migraine based on a detailed patient history and physical, so optimal care requires an understanding of the risk factors combined with a prompt and thorough evaluation. Nurses can gather this information and perform the assessment at the bedside. […] Focus your nursing care on patient comfort and education. Administer prescribed medications while closely monitoring patients for adverse reactions or side effects. When possible, provide the patient with a stimulation-free environment to reduce photophobia and phonophobia. […] The nurses role in care management includes patient education, acute treatment administration, and patient comfort.

• #18 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Migraines | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-migraines

  Upon completion of this nursing care plan for migraines, nursing students will be able to: […] Demonstrate the ability to provide person-centered care for individuals with migraines, emphasizing empathy, effective communication, and a tailored approach to meet the unique needs of each patient. […] Acquire skills in managing associated symptoms associated with migraines, such as: throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. […] Develop comprehensive nursing care plans for patients experiencing migraines, including patient education, symptom management, and long-term care strategies. […] Patient reports a reduction in migraine frequency and intensity. […] Patient demonstrates understanding of triggers and implements lifestyle modifications.

• #19 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Migraines | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-migraines

  Effective management of symptoms during a migraine episode. […] Minimal side effects from medication. […] Evaluate the pattern and triggers of migraines. […] Assess the effectiveness of current pain management strategies. […] Administer prescribed medications such as triptans or NSAIDs. […] Ensure a quiet, dark environment during a migraine. […] Teach the patient to identify and avoid known triggers. […] Encourage relaxation techniques and stress management strategies. […] Advise on a balanced diet and avoidance of known dietary triggers. […] Educate on maintaining a regular sleep schedule. […] Monitor the patients response to interventions and adjust the care plan as needed. […] Ensure the patient understands how to manage triggers and symptoms. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Reassess patients knowledge regarding migraine management.

• #20 Headache & Migraine: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/headache-migraine-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with a headache or migraine. […] Treat the primary headache. Reducing symptoms and offering supportive care should be the main goals of treatment for primary headaches. Advise the patient to follow up with a neurologist or primary care physician for both preventive and therapeutic measures. […] Migraine treatment often requires a combination of abortive (acute) and preventative therapy. […] Educate the patient on triggers of headaches and migraines, such as: Bright lights, Certain odors, Poor sleep, Hormone fluctuations (menstruation), Foods (chocolate, cheese, wine). […] Finding and treating the underlying cause is essential to managing a secondary headache. This may include taking an antibiotic for an infection, receiving chiropractic care or physiotherapy for an injury, or managing a comorbidity.

• #21 Headache & Migraine: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/headache-migraine-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Medication-overuse headaches (also known as rebound headaches) occur from excessive use of medications to treat headache pain and are the most common type of secondary headache. A detoxification approach is used while receiving other preventative therapy to reduce withdrawal symptoms. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for a migraine or headache, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care.

• #22 I experience frequent migraines with auras. Please help.

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/migraine/how-can-one-manage-migraine-headaches-with-aura

  I understand your concern. […] Migraines with auras can indeed be disruptive and affect your ability to study and concentrate. Here are some recommendations to help you manage and potentially reduce the frequency and severity of your migraines: […] Given the nature of your migraines and the presence of auras, it is advisable to consult with a neurologist or a headache specialist. They can provide a comprehensive evaluation, confirm the diagnosis of migraines with aura, and discuss appropriate treatment options. […] If your migraines are frequent and significantly impacting your life, your doctor may recommend preventive medications to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. […] Identify Triggers: Keep a migraine diary to track your attacks and identify potential triggers such as stress, lack of sleep, certain foods (like caffeine, chocolate, or aged cheeses), dehydration, or irregular meal times.

• #23 I experience frequent migraines with auras. Please help.

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/migraine/how-can-one-manage-migraine-headaches-with-aura

  Practice stress-reduction techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help lower stress levels, which can trigger migraines. […] Maintain a regular sleep schedule and ensure you are getting adequate restful sleep each night. […] Stay hydrated throughout the day and maintain a balanced diet with regular meals to stabilize blood sugar levels. […] Engage in moderate aerobic exercise regularly, as it can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. […] Learning techniques to control physiological responses associated with migraines, such as muscle tension and heart rate. […] Therapy focused on changing patterns of thinking and behavior that contribute to stress and migraine triggers. […] Although you mentioned your eyesight is fine, sometimes subtle changes in vision or eye strain can contribute to migraines.

• #24 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  Migraine treatment involves acute (abortive) and preventive (prophylactic) therapy. Patients with frequent attacks usually require both. Measures directed toward reducing migraine triggers are also generally advisable. […] Migraineurs should be screened for cardiovascular risk factors, which, if present, should be aggressively treated. Migraineurs with aura should also be counseled on the increased risk of stroke with smoking and oral contraceptive use. […] A neurologist, neuro-ophthalmologist, and/or neurosurgeon should be consulted as deemed clinically appropriate for the treatment of patients with migraine. […] Patients should avoid factors that precipitate a migraine attack (eg, lack of sleep, fatigue, stress, certain foods, use of vasodilators). Encourage patients to use a daily diary to document the headaches. This is an effective and inexpensive tool to follow the course of the disease.

• #25 Migraine with aura

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20166456

  Migraine with aura (also called classic migraine) is a recurring headache that strikes after or at the same time as sensory disturbances called aura. […] Treatments for migraine with aura and migraine without aura (also called common migraine) are usually the same. You can try to prevent migraine with aura with the same medications and self-care measures used to prevent migraine. […] See your doctor immediately if you have new signs and symptoms of migraine with aura, such as temporary vision loss, speech or language difficulty, and muscle weakness on one side of your body. […] For migraine with aura, just as with migraine alone, treatment is aimed at relieving migraine pain. […] Medications used to relieve migraine pain work best when taken at the first sign of an oncoming migraine as soon as signs and symptoms of a migraine aura begin.

• #25 Migraine with aura

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20166456

  Medications can help prevent frequent migraines, with or without aura. Your doctor might recommend preventive medications if you have frequent, long-lasting or severe headaches that don’t respond well to treatment. […] When symptoms of migraine with aura start, try heading to a quiet, darkened room. Close your eyes and rest or take a nap. Place a cool cloth or an ice pack wrapped in a towel or cloth on your forehead. […] If you’re having temporary visual or sensory disturbances, see your family doctor. In some cases, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in nervous system disorders (neurologist).

• #26 Migraine Aura: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine-aura

  When aura symptoms begin, it can be helpful to move into a quiet, dark room and close your eyes. […] Placing a cold compress on your forehead or the back of your neck may also help ease ensuing migraine pain. […] Like other types of migraine, treating a migraine with aura involves a combination of medications. These include medications for both prevention and relief of symptoms. […] Preventive medications that may stop migraine attacks from occurring include: antidepressants, such as amitriptyline; blood pressure medications, like beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers; anti-seizure drugs, such as topiramate. […] Medications for symptom relief help decrease the severity of an oncoming migraine attack. They’re typically taken as soon as the symptoms of an aura develop. […] Examples of some of these medications are: over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil); triptans, such as rizatriptan and sumatriptan; dihydroergotamine; anti-nausea medications.

• #27 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Migraine with aura is characterized by aura symptoms that are fully reversible, including visual and sensory disturbances. […] The best results for treating migraine with aura are achieved by taking triptans at the onset of pain rather than the onset of aura. […] Intravenous magnesium sulfate may be an effective alternative treatment for migraine with aura. […] Patients must be counseled about the danger of medication overuse and the risk of conversion to chronic daily headache (transformed migraine). […] Opioids can be considered for refractory migraine but should be used sparingly and infrequently.

• #28 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  Biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation therapy are frequently effective against migraine headaches and may be used adjunctively with pharmacologic treatments. […] The FDA approved the Cerena Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator (Cerena TMS), the first device to relieve pain caused by migraine headache with aura for use in patients aged 18 years and older. […] The first combination product of a triptan and an NSAID, Treximet, was approved by the FDA in 2008. […] Patients with menstrual and nonmenstrual migraine who are receiving continuous preventive therapy and experiencing breakthrough menstrual migraine headaches may benefit from perimenstrual elevation of the dose of the preventive medication. […] Some CAM techniques have good scientific evidence of benefit and have been proven by studies to be effective in preventing migraine. Biofeedback and behavioral therapy should be part of the standard of care for a difficult migraine patient.

• #29 Migraine with aura – The Migraine TrustVisualV1 – SearchVisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Home VisualV1 – CrossVisualV1 – Arrow

  https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/types-of-migraine/migraine-with-aura/

  Your treatment options depend on how often you have attacks and how severe they are. It will also depend on other factors such as other illnesses you may have or medication that you take. […] Generally, treatment for migraine includes: Acute treatment such as over the counter painkillers, migraine specific treatments (triptans) and anti-sickness medication. These treatments aim to help manage the symptoms when an attack comes on. […] Preventive treatment such as beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants or anti-epilepsy drugs. These treatments aim to reduce how often you have migraine attacks and how bad they are. […] Alongside the treatments many people benefit from reviewing whether lifestyle changes can help with their migraine attacks. This can include things like sticking to a routine, waking up at the same time each day, eating at similar times each day and staying hydrated. If there are factors such as alcohol or lack of sleep that seem to trigger your migraine attacks, there might be changes that you can make to help reduce how often you have attacks.

• #30 Migraine Headache Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0101/p17.html

  Migraines impose significant health and financial burdens. Approximately 38% of patients with episodic migraines would benefit from preventive therapy, but less than 13% take prophylactic medications. Preventive medication therapy reduces migraine frequency, severity, and headache-related distress. Preventive therapy may also improve quality of life and prevent the progression to chronic migraines. Some indications for preventive therapy include four or more headaches a month, eight or more headache days a month, debilitating headaches, and medication-overuse headaches. […] The disabling nature of migraine headaches causes frequent visits to outpatient clinic and emergency department settings, imposing significant health and financial burdens. […] Preventive therapy should be considered in patients having four or more headaches a month or at least eight headache days a month, significantly debilitating attacks despite appropriate acute management, difficulty tolerating or having a contraindication to acute therapy, medication overuse headache, patient preference, or the presence of certain migraine subtypes (i.e., hemiplegic migraine; migraine with brainstem aura; migrainous infarction; or frequent, persistent, or uncomfortable aura symptoms).

• #31 Understanding Migraine Aura Symptoms – Care Tuner

  https://www.caretuner.com/knowledge/migraine-aura/

  Migraine with and without aura is usually treated using the same methods. […] If you experience migraine aura, it’s important to consult a doctor. […] Though migraine aura is common and not dangerous, anyone with unusual migraine aura symptoms (such as inability to speak, sudden weakness on one side of the body, trouble seeing) or aura that appears for the first time in later life should see their doctor to ensure it is not a sign of a different condition (i.e., a stroke, brain tumor, retinal tear). […] Your doctor can work with you to come up with a migraine treatment plan. […] Some preventive medications are favored for migraine aura, including lamotrigine (Lamictal), an anti-seizure medication found in studies to be effective for severe aura. […] Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are also used to treat migraine attacks with aura.

• #32

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/treatments-and-services/neurology/migraine

  Preventative Measures These include lifestyle modifications such as getting good sleep, reducing stress, exercising, avoiding triggers in the workplace (computer glare, florescent lights), and avoiding common food triggers. […] Some people find migraine relief with regular Botox injections into their foreheads. The injections block nerve signals, preventing migraine pain. Botox is FDA-approved for migraine treatment.

• #33 Migraine – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/headache/migraine

  Clinicians sometimes recommend behavioral interventions (biofeedback, stress management, psychotherapy) to manage migraine, especially when stress is a major trigger or when analgesics are being overused. […] Neuromodulatory treatments can be used to treat and to prevent attacks. […] Trigeminal nerve stimulation, with a device applied to the forehead, can be used in adult patients (18 years) to treat acute migraine attacks (with or without an aura) or to reduce the frequency of attacks. […] If attacks are frequent and interfere with activities, use preventive therapy (eg, monoclonal antibodies that block calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP], amitriptyline, a beta-blocker, a gepant, topiramate, divalproex), onabotulinumtoxinA, or sometimes neuromodulatory treatments.

• #34 Migraine & Headache Treatment | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/neurology/migraine

  Some people find that a healthier lifestyle may reduce migraine frequency. A nutritious diet, regular exercise, stress reduction and high-quality sleep can all improve your overall health and well-being. […] Abortive medicines can help stop the progression of migraine symptoms. Preventive medications can decrease the frequency and intensity of migraines. You may need to try different medicines to find the ones that work best for you. […] Injections of certain medications may treat migraine or headache symptoms. You may receive injections in a medical office or administer them at home every 30 to 90 days. […] These devices work by sending small electrical pulses to specific nerves. Stimulation devices often send these pulses consistently to reduce the frequency of migraines. You may also control the devices yourself, sending electric pulses at specific times prescribed by a neurologist.

• #35 What Is Migraine with Aura?

  https://www.gammacore.com/what-is-migraine-with-aura/

  Healthy habits can go a long way in managing and mitigating migraines. Make it a point to: […] Doctors often recommend medications such as triptans, anti-inflammatory drugs, or preventive treatments like beta-blockers or antidepressants. […] Many migraine sufferers seek drug-free alternatives for relief. One innovative, non-drug option for managing migraine with aura is gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS), a portable, handheld device you administer yourself. gammaCore nVNS works by delivering gentle electrical pulses to the vagus nerve through the skin on the side of your neck, which helps to relieve pain associated with migraine.

• #36 Migraine: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | UW MedicineStethascopeHeart

  https://www.uwmedicine.org/conditions-symptoms/brain-nervous-system/migraine

  Migraine headache care at UW Medicine typically begins with a referral from your primary care doctor to a specialist. Our specialists will work with you to understand your experience, which is fundamental to creating a headache treatment plan that improves the quality of your life. […] Many patients with headaches also experience anxiety, depression or insomnia, so UW Medicine takes a whole-person approach to migraine management. […] Your treatment plan may include medications, evidence-based supplements for headache treatment, BOTOX injections, neuromodulation (such as CEFALY or Nerivio), and lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes may focus on addressing sleep habits, improving nutrition, exercising, using stress reduction with biofeedback or doing cognitive behavioral therapy.

• #37 Migraine Headache Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0101/p17.html

  Preventive therapy for episodic migraines may decrease headache frequency, severity, and prevent progression to chronic migraines. […] Once the need for prophylactic treatment is established, adhering to the following consensus-based principles of care may improve the success of preventive therapy. […] Start therapy with medications that have the highest level of evidence-based effectiveness. […] Behavioral treatments, such as relaxation training, thermal biofeedback combined with relaxation training, electromyographic biofeedback, and cognitive behavior therapy, are effective options for migraine prevention. […] For menstrual migraines, starting preventive therapy before the time of expected migraine onset can help prevent disability and reduce severity. […] Guidelines on preventing migraines in pregnancy suggest considering nonpharmacologic options before drug therapy. If drug therapy is needed, an agent with the lowest risk of harm to the fetus can be considered at the lowest effective dose.

• #38 Migraine Headaches with Aura

  https://www.kirkchiro.com/conditions/head-migraine-with-aura

  Migraine Headaches with Aura […] Almost everyone has experienced some type of headache, but migraine headaches with aura, also known as classic migraines, are a very specific type involving more than just pain. […] Classic migraines also involve what health-care practitioners call an aura, which is a pre-migraine period lasting between 15 and 60 minutes that involves zigzag lines or shimmering stars in the field of vision. […] Research also shows that people who get migraines, both with and without auras, have less frequent and less intense headaches after receiving chiropractic care. […] If you get migraines with aura, your chiropractor will investigate their nature by taking a detailed history of your condition and performing a physical and neurological examination to rule out any organic causes, such as tumors. […] Once he or she determines the factors that are contributing to your migraines, your chiropractic care can begin. This will probably include spinal manipulative therapy, also called adjustment, to relieve subluxated (stiff or immobile) joints and inhibit pain receptor activity.

• #39 Migraine With Aura – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK554611/

  Migraine with aura carries an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents, prompting timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. […] By acquiring this knowledge, healthcare professionals can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent migraine with aura, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. […] Understanding the intricacies of the pathophysiology, presentation, assessment, and management of migraine with aura is crucial for healthcare professionals. […] Adopting a collaborative team approach enhances the comprehensive care provided to affected individuals. […] Collaborate with an interdisciplinary healthcare team to facilitate care for patients with migraine with aura, improving overall patient care. […] Management includes both abortive and preventive therapies tailored to individual patient needs. Triptans and NSAIDs are common abortive treatments, while beta-blockers and antiepileptic drugs are often used for prevention.

• #40 Migraine With Aura – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK554611/

  Nurses actively monitor and reinforce medication teaching points, serving as a pivotal communication link between clinicians and other team members. […] To ensure comprehensive patient care, all team members must provide excellent documentation and timely correspondence to facilitate seamless information exchange and collaborative decision-making among the healthcare team.

• #41

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abn2972

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] Be safe with medicines. Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. You will get more details on the specific medicines your doctor prescribes. […] If your doctor has prescribed medicine for your migraines, take it as directed. You may have medicine that you take only when you get a migraine and medicine that you take all the time to help prevent migraines. […] If your doctor has prescribed medicine to prevent migraines, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your headaches get worse, happen more often, or change in some way.

• #42 What to Do When You Feel a Migraine Starting | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/at-home-remedies-for-migraines.html

  You may also stave off migraines with healthy habits. Try to: Avoid skipping meals, Drink plenty of water, Exercise regularly, incorporating strengthening and stretching exercises, Maintain good posture to prevent neck and shoulder tension. […] Dr. Shadbehr explains that it’s helpful to keep a log of your migraine symptoms so you can identify your triggers. […] Finding your migraine triggers can help you avoid some of them. […] Visit a therapist or other mental health professional if you need extra support managing your stress or mental health.

• #43 Migraine With Aura – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554611/

  Migraine with aura carries an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents, prompting timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. […] By acquiring this knowledge, healthcare professionals can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent migraine with aura, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. […] Identify the distinctive features and symptoms of migraine with aura to facilitate an accurate and prompt diagnosis. […] Implement evidence-based diagnostic criteria and guidelines in assessing and diagnosing migraine with aura, ensuring consistency and accuracy in clinical practice. […] Select appropriate pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions based on the individual patient’s characteristics, preferences, and the severity of migraine with aura symptoms.

• #44 Migraine With Aura – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554611/

  Collaborate with an interdisciplinary healthcare team to facilitate care for patients with migraine with aura, improving overall patient care. […] Understanding the intricacies of the pathophysiology, presentation, assessment, and management of migraine with aura is crucial for healthcare professionals. […] Adopting a collaborative team approach enhances the comprehensive care provided to affected individuals. […] Migraine variants that present with focal neurological deficits include hemiplegic migraine: Unilateral paralysis or weakness. […] Migraine with aura has a 2.3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular death, while those with migraine without aura exhibit a risk equivalent to the general population.

• #45 Migraine with aura stroke risk | Louisville, Ky.Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/stroke-heart-attack-link-migraine/

  Some people who experience migraine face an increased stroke risk, but there are ways to lessen the danger, according to Brian M. Plato, D.O., headache and migraine specialist with Norton Neuroscience Institute. […] Migraine with aura or MA is linked to a higher risk for ischemic stroke and heart attack. […] Studies of women with MA attacks found the risk for stroke is independent of typical heart disease risk factors like age, diabetes and high blood pressure. […] The combination of smoking and MA significantly increases the risk of having a stroke. […] Women who smoke and have migraine with aura should avoid oral contraceptives that contain estrogen, according to Dr. Plato, because the combined risks from all three increase the risk of stroke significantly. […] Dr. Plato’s advice to patients is to work on lifestyle changes that decrease stroke and heart attack risks, including regular aerobic (cardiovascular) exercise, a healthy diet and not smoking. […] Since the frequency of migraine aura attacks appears to be associated with higher cardiovascular risk, migraine preventive treatment might be beneficial, according to Dr. Plato.

• #46 Migraine | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/migraine/

  Migraine with aura where there are warning signs before the migraine attack begins, like seeing flashing lights […] The risk of having an ischaemic stroke is increased by the use of the combined contraceptive pill. Medical professionals generally advise women who experience migraine with aura not to use the combined contraceptive pill. […] Talk to your GP about alternative forms of contraception if you experience aura symptoms and are taking the combined contraceptive pill.

• #47 Patient education: Migraine in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraine-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a migraine to relieve the pain immediately. […] Preventive treatment refers to medicines you can take on a regular (usually daily) basis to prevent migraine attacks in the future. […] If you think a medication you are taking may be triggering migraine attacks, talk to your health care provider. […] Let your health care provider know if your migraine treatment does not relieve your headaches or if you are having bothersome medication side effects. […] If you get menstrual migraine attacks, or migraine symptoms that otherwise seem triggered by hormonal changes, talk to your health care provider about your options for treatment and prevention.

• #48 Patient education: Migraine in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraines-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Preventive treatment helps to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks in most people. […] Preventive therapies for menstrual migraine can be either nonspecific (those that do not address the hormonal trigger) or specific (hormone-based treatments). […] If you get menstrual migraine attacks, or migraine symptoms that otherwise seem triggered by hormonal changes, talk to your health care provider about your options for treatment and prevention.

• #49 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/migraine/comments/1bvdqly/for_nurses_nursing_students_how_do_you_deal_with/

  ive been suffering from migraine aura since i was 12 years old. im in college now as a nursing major. my migraines are kinda irregular, they usually happen once/twice a month and dont come back for a month or two. but recently theyve been starting to flare up again, and it interferes with my classes. im often having to leave class early and one time i had to miss my lab (missing lab takes a big toll on your grade). thankfully my professors have been understanding of this, but im just worried for the future. what am i going to do if this happens during clinicals? or when im finally working as a nurse? i feel like i wont be able to become a nurse because of this. its really disheartening. […] are there any nurses or nursing students that experience migraine aura? how do you deal with it?

• #50 Migraines and nursing? – Nurse Disabilities

  https://allnurses.com/migraines-nursing-t578449/

  I just recently graduated from nursing school and am currently sitting for state boards. […] One of my biggest fears about starting my nursing career is the fact that I suffer from somewhat frequent severe migraines. […] Do any nurses on here also suffer from migraines? What do you do when you’re halfway through a shift and a severe migraine strikes? […] Following…. in nursing school and suffer from terrible migraines. […] I have yet to encounter having a migraine at work; I have auras and will take Excedrin for migraine or ibuprofen before it gets much worse. […] As others have said, if you get aura with your migraines, that can actually be a small blessing. It’s a little warning sign. […] You need to work with your neurologist to figure out your triggers and to find something that is more than „somewhat helpful”.

• #51 Migraines and nursing? – Nurse Disabilities

  https://allnurses.com/migraines-nursing-t578449/

  As others have said, the aura can be a blessing in disguise as it allows you to anticipate and premedicate. […] I suffered from debilitating migraines for several years. […] I do take Propranolol as a prophylactic, which has cut down my migraines from 3 a week to 1 a week. […] I have many triggers, some of them I can prevent (such as hunger, even though nurses aren’t always able to eat a full lunch…), others are not preventable. […] I tried the Botox for migraines, and it did help. […] Have a relative who works in a hospital. When one hits them at work, they go on down to the ER and take it from there.

• #52 CE Activity | Migraine With Aura | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/74739/?specialty=none

  Implement evidence-based diagnostic criteria and guidelines in assessing and diagnosing migraine with aura, ensuring consistency and accuracy in clinical practice. […] Select appropriate pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions based on the individual patient’s characteristics, preferences, and the severity of migraine with aura symptoms. […] Collaborate with an interdisciplinary healthcare team to facilitate care for patients with migraine with aura, improving overall patient care.

• #53 Headache and Migraine Care | Seattle & Bellevue | UW MedicineHeartMagnifying glass_1StethascopeReferralAppointment_1

  https://www.uwmedicine.org/specialties/neurosciences-institute/headache-migraine-care

  Migraine with aura involves recurrent headaches accompanied by vision changes (e.g., bright lights or zigzag lines), sensory disturbances (e.g., tingling), difficulty with speech and other neurologic symptoms. […] Most people with migraine are not able to function during the headache, which is different from tension-type headaches, in which people can function. […] During your first visit, you’ll meet with both a neurologist and a nurse practitioner or physician assistant. This ensures that multiple specialists are familiar with your diagnosis and ongoing treatment plan. […] Even though there isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution for headaches, there are now more treatment options than ever before. The longer you’ve struggled with headaches, the longer it may take to break the cycle and find the right combination of treatments for you. But you can rest assured we’ll partner with you for as long as it takes you to feel better.

• #54 CE Activity | Migraine With Aura | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/74739/?specialty=none

  Migraine syndrome with aura is a prevalent headache disorder affecting approximately 12% of the general population, with nearly 25% of cases experiencing localized sensory symptoms or auras. […] Migraine with aura carries an increased risk of cerebrovascular accidents, prompting timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. […] Moreover, clinicians will learn about evidence-based strategies for managing migraines with aura, including acute treatment and preventative measures. […] By acquiring this knowledge, healthcare professionals can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent migraine with aura, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. […] Identify the distinctive features and symptoms of migraine with aura to facilitate an accurate and prompt diagnosis.

• #55 What to Do When You Feel a Migraine Starting | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/at-home-remedies-for-migraines.html

  If migraine symptoms continually interfere with your usual activities, you may need specialized care, says Dr. Nasima Shadbehr, a neurologist at the Cedars-Sinai Headache Clinic, which offers patients a comprehensive evaluation and targeted treatment. […] If you experience migraines, it’s important to see a neurologist who specializes in headache disorders. A headache specialist can diagnose the type of headache you have and prescribe medications that help control or lessen your symptoms. […] When you feel a migraine coming on, the most important thing to do is take your prescribed migraine medication as soon as you notice migraine symptoms, even during the prodrome or aura phases. Don’t wait until you have a pounding headache. […] Aura symptoms can sometimes mimic the symptoms of a stroke, and it is important to seek emergency medical care when experiencing new neurological symptoms. It is also important to talk to your neurologist to better understand migraine aura symptoms and how they can differ from stroke symptoms.

• #56 Migraine with aura // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/migraine-with-aura

  Medications can help prevent frequent migraines, with or without aura. Your doctor might recommend preventive medications if you have frequent, long-lasting or severe headaches that don’t respond well to treatment. […] When symptoms of migraine with aura start, try heading to a quiet, darkened room. Close your eyes and rest or take a nap. Place a cool cloth or an ice pack wrapped in a towel or cloth on your forehead. […] Keep a headache diary by writing a description of each incident of visual disturbances or unusual sensations, including when they occurred, how long they lasted and what triggered them. A headache diary can help your doctor diagnose your condition and track your progress in between visits.

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