Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology and Etiology of Sarcomas – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27542634/

  Sarcomas are rare malignancies of mesenchymal origin and are broadly divided into soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas. The etiology of these tumors is largely unknown, and most sarcomas are sporadic. A small subset of sarcomas is associated with certain genetic syndromes and environmental factors. Ionizing radiation is the strongest environmental factor linked to sarcoma development.

• #1 Soft tissue sarcoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20377725

  Soft tissue sarcoma starts when a connective tissue cell gets changes in its DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell a cell what to do. The changes turn the connective tissue cells into cancer cells. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and make more cells. Healthy cells die as part of their natural cycle, but cancer cells keep growing because they do not have instructions to stop. […] It’s not clear what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. […] The type of cell with DNA changes is what determines the type of soft tissue sarcoma. For example, angiosarcoma begins in cells in the lining of blood vessels, while liposarcoma starts in fat cells. […] Factors that may raise the risk of sarcoma include: Inherited syndromes. A risk of soft tissue sarcoma can run in families. Genetic syndromes that increase the risk include hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and Werner syndrome. […] Chemical exposure. Being exposed to certain chemicals may increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas. These chemicals include herbicides, arsenic and dioxin. […] Radiation exposure. Radiation therapy for other cancers can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas.

• #1 What Causes Soft Tissue Sarcomas? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  Scientists don’t know exactly what causes most soft tissue sarcomas, but they have found some risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop these cancers. […] Many family cancer syndromes have been found in which inherited DNA mutations cause a very high risk of developing breast, colon, kidney, eye, or other cancers. Some of these syndromes are also linked to an increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas. […] DNA mutations in soft tissue sarcoma are common. But they’re usually acquired during life rather than having been inherited before birth. Acquired mutations may result from exposure to radiation or cancer-causing chemicals. […] Researchers still don’t know why most soft tissue sarcomas develop in people who have no apparent risk factors.

• #1 Risks and causes | Soft tissue sarcoma | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks-causes

  We don’t know what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. But some factors may increase your risk of developing it. […] Ionising radiation in the environment can also increase the risk of sarcoma. This was for example during the atomic bomb explosions in Japan during World War 2. The rates of sarcoma were higher under these people. […] Several chemicals are thought to possibly increase the risk of some types of sarcoma. This might be in situations where people were exposed to high levels in their job over many years. […] Some types of rare genetic conditions can increase your risk of getting a sarcoma. […] It increases the risk of getting a rare type of sarcoma called a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). […] Families with Li Fraumeni syndrome have a higher risk of developing: soft tissue sarcoma.

• #1 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Radiation exposure accounts for less than 5% of sarcomas. But patients might develop sarcomas from radiation given to treat other cancers, like breast cancer or lymphoma. […] Family cancer syndromes are disorders caused by gene defects (mutations) that people are born with (often inherited from a parent) that are linked to a high risk of getting certain cancers. Some family cancer syndromes increase a person’s risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas. […] About 5% of people with neurofibromatosis will develop a sarcoma in a neurofibroma. […] People affected by this syndrome have a high risk of cancer, such as breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and sarcomas. […] Children with this gene defect also have a higher risk of developing bone or soft tissue sarcomas, especially if the retinoblastoma was treated with radiation.

• #1 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcoma | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes.html

  People who have worked with or have been around certain chemicals may be at greater risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] If someone in your family has certain diseases, you may be more at risk for developing a soft tissue sarcoma. […] This disease runs in families. In this disease, noncancerous tumors form in the nerves under the skin and in other parts of the body. […] This disease runs in families. It increases a person’s chance of getting breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemias, and sarcomas. […] This eye cancer, found in children, may run in families. Children who have been cured of this form of eye cancer may be at a slightly greater risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas later in life.

• #1 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. It could be a behaviour, substance or condition. Most cancers are the result of many risk factors. But sometimes soft tissue sarcoma develops in people who dont have any of the risk factors described below. […] Soft tissue sarcoma can develop at any age, but it occurs most often in people older than 50 years of age. […] There is convincing evidence that the following factors increase your risk for soft tissue sarcoma. […] People who receive radiation therapy as treatment for another cancer have a higher risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. This is particularly true for people who received radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or breast cancer. Soft tissue sarcoma often develops in the area of the body that was treated with radiation. The average time between coming into contact with radiation and a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma is 10 years.

• #1 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  Less than 5% of sarcomas are caused by radiation therapy. The benefit of using radiation therapy to treat cancer outweighs the increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] The following rare inherited conditions increase the risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] People with neurofibromatosis type 1 have a higher risk of developing certain cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma. […] Long-term, or chronic, lymphedema can cause lymphangiosarcoma (also called Stewart-Treves syndrome). This is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops in lymph vessels. […] The following viral infections increase your risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] Coming into contact with vinyl chloride at work increases the risk of developing angiosarcoma of the liver, a type of soft tissue sarcoma.

• #1 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  They also have an increased risk of cancer, including soft tissue sarcomas. […] Exposure to vinyl chloride (a chemical used in making plastics) is a risk factor for developing sarcomas of the liver, but it hasn’t been proven to cause soft tissue sarcomas. […] Arsenic has also been linked to a type of liver sarcoma but not soft tissue sarcoma. […] Exposure to dioxin and to herbicides that contain phenoxyacetic acid at high doses (such as might occur in people who work on farms) may also be risk factors, but this isn’t known for certain.

• #1 Benign and Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1253816-overview

  An association between exposure to various carcinogens and an increased incidence of soft-tissue tumors has been reported. The occurrence of hepatic angiosarcoma, for example, has been linked to arsenic, thorium dioxide, and vinyl chloride exposure. […] A classic example of an infection-induced soft-tissue tumor is Kaposi sarcoma resulting from human herpesvirus type 8 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infection with Epstein-Barr virus in an immunocompromised host also increases the likelihood of soft-tissue tumor development. […] The relation between trauma and soft-tissue tumors appears to be coincidental. Trauma probably draws medical attention to a preexisting lesion.

• #1 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  People who were exposed to thorium dioxide have a greater risk of developing angiosarcoma of the liver, which is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. Higher doses of thorium dioxide increase the risk. The cancer may develop as many as 45 years after exposure. […] Significant evidence shows no link between soft tissue sarcoma and injury or trauma.

• #1 Causes of soft tissue sarcoma | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes

  Rarely, a soft tissue sarcoma develops in a part of the body that has been treated with radiotherapy for another type of cancer. […] Long-term swelling in an arm or leg is called lymphoedema. It can increase the risk of developing an angiosarcoma. […] Being exposed to a chemical called vinyl chloride may increase the risk of angiosarcoma. […] There is no strong evidence that an injury can cause a soft tissue sarcoma to develop.

• #1 Soft tissue sarcomas | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/soft-tissue-sarcomas/

  Soft tissue sarcomas can develop in almost any part of the body, including the legs, arms and the trunk (torso). […] In the vast majority of soft tissue sarcomas its unclear what causes this to happen but there are a number of factors known to increase the risk, including: […] One particular type of soft tissue sarcoma called Kaposis sarcoma which develops in skin cells is caused by a virus known as the human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infecting someone with a weakened immune system (such as people with HIV).

• #1 Risks and causes | Soft tissue sarcoma | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks-causes

  Children who have had retinoblastoma have an increased risk of developing a soft tissue sarcoma in the future. […] Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by Human Herpes Virus 8 infection (HHV8). […] An infection called Epstein Barr virus (EBV) has been linked with leiomyosarcoma. […] There’s no evidence that an injury of any kind can cause a sarcoma. But an injury may draw attention to a sarcoma that was already there.

• #1 Causes of soft tissue sarcoma | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes

  The causes of soft tissue sarcomas are not known, but there are certain things that can affect the chances of developing it. These are called risk factors. […] The causes of soft tissue sarcomas are not known, but researchers are trying to find out more. […] Certain things that can affect the chances of developing a soft tissue sarcoma. These are called risk factors. Having a risk factor does not mean you will get sarcoma, and people without risk factors can still develop it. […] Sarcoma can develop at any age, but the risk increases as you get older. […] Most sarcoma is not caused by an inherited faulty gene that can be passed on to other family members. Members of your family are not likely to have an increased risk of developing a soft tissue sarcoma because you have one. […] But people with certain rare inherited genetic conditions are more at risk of developing a sarcoma.

• #1 What is Sarcoma? – SFA

  https://curesarcoma.org/sarcoma-education/what-is-sarcoma/

  Scientists do not fully understand why some people develop sarcomas while the vast majority do not. However, researchers have been able to single out some factors that may play a role in causing sarcomas. Sarcoma has more than 100 distinct subtypes and its causes can vary by subtype. […] Many cancers, including sarcoma, result from DNA mutations. Changes to DNA develop into cancer cells that grow in an unregulated way. They can eventually form a mass or tumor that can invade nearby healthy tissues. Left untreated, the cancer can travel via your bloodstream or lymphatic system to other organs which causes metastasis. […] Studies have focused on genetic alterations that may lead to the development of sarcomas. Scientists have also found a small number of families in which more than one member in the same generation has developed sarcoma. There have also been reports of a few families in which relatives of children with sarcoma have developed other forms of cancer at an unusually high rate. Sarcomas in these family clusters, which represent a very small fraction of all cases, may be related to a rare inherited genetic alteration.

• #2 Benign and Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1253816-overview

  Good evidence exists suggesting that certain genetic disorders and gene mutations are predisposing factors for some benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. The NF1 gene in neurofibromatosis is a classic example, predisposing patients to multiple neurofibromas with a proclivity for malignant transformation. Many tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and cytogenetic defects are now associated with various soft-tissue sarcomas. Other clinical risk factors account for a small proportion of soft tissue malignancies. […] Similar to postirradiation bone tumors, postirradiation fibrosarcomas have been described. The pathogenetic mechanism is the emergence of radiation-induced genetic mutations that encourage neoplastic transformation. […] As observed in patients with late-stage breast carcinoma, chronic lymphedema may predispose individuals to the development of lymphangiosarcoma.

• #2 Sarcoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351048

  It’s not clear what causes sarcoma. This cancer starts as a growth of cells in the bones and soft tissues. […] Sarcoma happens when cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA tells the cells to grow and multiply at a set rate. The DNA also tells the cells to die at a set time. […] In cancer cells, the DNA changes give other instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

• #2 Sarcoma: What it Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17934-sarcoma

  Radiation: Exposure to high doses of radiation from previous cancer treatment. […] Lymphedema: Long-term swelling in your arms or legs. […] Genetic conditions: Certain inherited disorders and chromosome mutations, such as Gardner syndrome, Werner syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Gorlin syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma and neurofibromatosis type 1.

• #2 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  A condition caused by defects in the APC gene. […] Also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), Gorlin syndrome is caused by defects in the PTCH1 gene. […] Caused by inherited defects in the TP53 gene, this condition increases the risk of cancers like breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and sarcomas. […] Also called von Recklinghausen disease, it is often inherited and leads to many noncancerous tumors (known as fibromas) in nerves under the skin and in other body areas. […] People who underwent radiation therapy for conditions like breast cancer or lymphoma might develop sarcoma later in life, typically in the area previously treated. […] An eye cancer in children caused by defects in the RB1 gene. […] People with this condition often experience seizures and learning difficulties. […] Caused by defects in the RECQL2 gene.

• #2 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Radiation exposure accounts for less than 5% of sarcomas. But patients might develop sarcomas from radiation given to treat other cancers, like breast cancer or lymphoma. […] Family cancer syndromes are disorders caused by gene defects (mutations) that people are born with (often inherited from a parent) that are linked to a high risk of getting certain cancers. Some family cancer syndromes increase a person’s risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas. […] About 5% of people with neurofibromatosis will develop a sarcoma in a neurofibroma. […] People affected by this syndrome have a high risk of cancer, such as breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and sarcomas. […] Children with this gene defect also have a higher risk of developing bone or soft tissue sarcomas, especially if the retinoblastoma was treated with radiation.

• #2 Epidemiology and Etiology of Sarcomas – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27542634/

  Sarcomas are rare malignancies of mesenchymal origin and are broadly divided into soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas. The etiology of these tumors is largely unknown, and most sarcomas are sporadic. A small subset of sarcomas is associated with certain genetic syndromes and environmental factors. Ionizing radiation is the strongest environmental factor linked to sarcoma development.

• #2 Risks and causes | Soft tissue sarcoma | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks-causes

  We don’t know what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. But some factors may increase your risk of developing it. […] Ionising radiation in the environment can also increase the risk of sarcoma. This was for example during the atomic bomb explosions in Japan during World War 2. The rates of sarcoma were higher under these people. […] Several chemicals are thought to possibly increase the risk of some types of sarcoma. This might be in situations where people were exposed to high levels in their job over many years. […] Some types of rare genetic conditions can increase your risk of getting a sarcoma. […] It increases the risk of getting a rare type of sarcoma called a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). […] Families with Li Fraumeni syndrome have a higher risk of developing: soft tissue sarcoma.

• #2 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcomas are cancerous tumors that come from the connective tissues, such as fat, muscles, nerves, and tendons. […] Scientists aren’t sure exactly what leads to most soft tissue sarcomas, but they’ve identified factors that can make a person more likely to get these cancers. Some of these factors can change the genes in the cells of soft tissues. […] Among the risk factors that may increase your chances of developing soft tissue sarcoma are: […] Exposure to vinyl chloride, a chemical used in making plastics, is a risk factor for liver sarcomas, but hasn’t been proven to cause soft tissue sarcomas. […] Damage to lymph nodes, often due to radiation therapy, can lead to lymph fluid accumulation, known as lymphedema. […] Some disorders caused by inherited gene mutations may specifically raise the risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas.

• #2 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  They also have an increased risk of cancer, including soft tissue sarcomas. […] Exposure to vinyl chloride (a chemical used in making plastics) is a risk factor for developing sarcomas of the liver, but it hasn’t been proven to cause soft tissue sarcomas. […] Arsenic has also been linked to a type of liver sarcoma but not soft tissue sarcoma. […] Exposure to dioxin and to herbicides that contain phenoxyacetic acid at high doses (such as might occur in people who work on farms) may also be risk factors, but this isn’t known for certain.

• #2 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcoma | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes.html

  There is really no way to know for sure if you’re going to get soft tissue sarcoma. Most people who get this type of cancer have no risk factors. Remember, just because you have one or more risk factors doesn’t necessarily mean you will get soft tissue sarcoma. In fact, you can have all the risk factors and still not get soft tissue sarcoma, or you can have no known risk factors and still get it. […] While the majority of people who get soft tissue sarcomas have no known risk factors, certain things can make one person more likely to get a soft tissue sarcoma than another person. […] People who have had high-dose radiation to treat other cancers, such as breast or cervical cancer, have a slightly higher risk of developing a soft tissue sarcoma. […] Chronic lymphedema (where fluid collects in the tissue and causes swelling) after radiation to lymph nodes, or surgical removal of lymph nodes is also a risk factor.

• #2 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  Less than 5% of sarcomas are caused by radiation therapy. The benefit of using radiation therapy to treat cancer outweighs the increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] The following rare inherited conditions increase the risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] People with neurofibromatosis type 1 have a higher risk of developing certain cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma. […] Long-term, or chronic, lymphedema can cause lymphangiosarcoma (also called Stewart-Treves syndrome). This is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops in lymph vessels. […] The following viral infections increase your risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] Coming into contact with vinyl chloride at work increases the risk of developing angiosarcoma of the liver, a type of soft tissue sarcoma.

• #2 Sarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoma

  Most soft-tissue sarcomas arise from what doctors call „sporadic” (or random) genetic mutations within an affected person’s cells. Nevertheless, there are certain risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing soft-tissue sarcoma. Previous exposure to ionizing radiation is one such risk factor. Exposure to vinyl chloride (e.g., such as the fumes encountered in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)), arsenic and Thorotrast all are associated with an increased risk of angiosarcoma. Lymphedema, such as that resulting from certain types of breast cancer treatment, also is a risk factor for development of angiosarcoma. As with bone sarcomas, certain inherited genetic syndromes also are associated with an increased risk of developing soft-tissue sarcoma, including Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis type 1, and heritable RB1 gene mutations. Kaposi sarcoma is caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8).

• #2 Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  What causes soft tissue sarcoma in children? Medical experts do not know exactly what causes soft tissue sarcomas. Some factors that may increase your child’s risk include: […] Inherited genetic disorders such as neurofibromatosis and Li-Fraumeni syndrome […] Prenatal genetic changes caused by certain chromosome abnormalities […] Previous radiation therapy treatment […] Exposure to certain chemicals, such as vinyl chloride […] AIDS and Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infections.

• #2 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. It could be a behaviour, substance or condition. Most cancers are the result of many risk factors. But sometimes soft tissue sarcoma develops in people who dont have any of the risk factors described below. […] Soft tissue sarcoma can develop at any age, but it occurs most often in people older than 50 years of age. […] There is convincing evidence that the following factors increase your risk for soft tissue sarcoma. […] People who receive radiation therapy as treatment for another cancer have a higher risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. This is particularly true for people who received radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or breast cancer. Soft tissue sarcoma often develops in the area of the body that was treated with radiation. The average time between coming into contact with radiation and a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma is 10 years.

• #2 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcomas may develop in any tissue that connects, supports or surrounds other structures and organs in the body. […] Soft tissue sarcomas are rare in adults and account for less than 1 percent of all new cases of cancer. […] Some common risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma, also called adult soft tissue sarcoma, include: Hereditary conditions, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP or Gardners syndrome), retinoblastoma, neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease or NF1), tuberous sclerosis, Werner syndrome and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Chemical exposure, including to vinyl chloride and dioxin, Previous radiation treatment, Weakened immune system, including from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). […] While soft tissue sarcoma can occur in people of any age, its most commonly found in adults over the age of 50.

• #2 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Radiation given to treat other cancers […] Family cancer syndromes […] Damaged lymph system […] Chemicals […] A risk factor is anything that changes your chance of getting a disease like cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. For example, unprotected exposure to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. Smoking is a risk factor for cancers of the lung, and many other cancers. But risk factors dont tell us everything. Having a risk factor, or even many, doesnt mean that you will get the cancer. Also, many people get cancer without having a risk factor. […] Injury and lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, and exercise are NOT linked to the risk for soft tissue sarcoma. […] Still, scientists have found a few risk factors that make a person more likely to develop soft tissue sarcomas:

• #2 Sarcoma Cancer: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/sarcoma

  There are very few known risk factors for sarcomas. Some causes and risk factors may include: Past radiotherapy treatment Family history of cancer syndromes Damaged lymphatic system Some chemicals are also thought to be associated with sarcoma, though this has not been proven. […] Smoking, diet and exercise are not linked to developing sarcomas.

• #2 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  People who were exposed to thorium dioxide have a greater risk of developing angiosarcoma of the liver, which is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. Higher doses of thorium dioxide increase the risk. The cancer may develop as many as 45 years after exposure. […] Significant evidence shows no link between soft tissue sarcoma and injury or trauma.

• #2 Benign and Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1253816-overview

  An association between exposure to various carcinogens and an increased incidence of soft-tissue tumors has been reported. The occurrence of hepatic angiosarcoma, for example, has been linked to arsenic, thorium dioxide, and vinyl chloride exposure. […] A classic example of an infection-induced soft-tissue tumor is Kaposi sarcoma resulting from human herpesvirus type 8 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Infection with Epstein-Barr virus in an immunocompromised host also increases the likelihood of soft-tissue tumor development. […] The relation between trauma and soft-tissue tumors appears to be coincidental. Trauma probably draws medical attention to a preexisting lesion.

• #2 Soft tissue sarcoma: Recognizing a rare disease | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/89/2/73

  The recognition of a malignant soft tissue mass can be challenging, given the rarity of soft tissue sarcoma and the extensive overlap between benign and malignant presentations. […] Adding to the diagnostic challenges is a lack of known risk factors for STS. In most cases, there is no identifiable underlying cause. The risk of developing sporadic STS is increased in patients with a history of previous radiotherapy and chronic lymphedema. Certain genetic mutations, particularly chromosomal translocations, and inherited syndromes such as Gardner syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and von Recklinghausen disease can also predispose patients to STS. […] Studies have found an almost linear relationship between the increasing lesion size and poorer prognosis that is independent of other factors, even for patients without metastatic disease at diagnosis.

• #3 Soft tissue sarcoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20377725

  Soft tissue sarcoma starts when a connective tissue cell gets changes in its DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell a cell what to do. The changes turn the connective tissue cells into cancer cells. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and make more cells. Healthy cells die as part of their natural cycle, but cancer cells keep growing because they do not have instructions to stop. […] It’s not clear what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. […] The type of cell with DNA changes is what determines the type of soft tissue sarcoma. For example, angiosarcoma begins in cells in the lining of blood vessels, while liposarcoma starts in fat cells. […] Factors that may raise the risk of sarcoma include: Inherited syndromes. A risk of soft tissue sarcoma can run in families. Genetic syndromes that increase the risk include hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and Werner syndrome. […] Chemical exposure. Being exposed to certain chemicals may increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas. These chemicals include herbicides, arsenic and dioxin. […] Radiation exposure. Radiation therapy for other cancers can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas.

• #3 Risks and causes | Soft tissue sarcoma | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks-causes

  Children who have had retinoblastoma have an increased risk of developing a soft tissue sarcoma in the future. […] Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by Human Herpes Virus 8 infection (HHV8). […] An infection called Epstein Barr virus (EBV) has been linked with leiomyosarcoma. […] There’s no evidence that an injury of any kind can cause a sarcoma. But an injury may draw attention to a sarcoma that was already there.

• #3 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  A condition caused by defects in the APC gene. […] Also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), Gorlin syndrome is caused by defects in the PTCH1 gene. […] Caused by inherited defects in the TP53 gene, this condition increases the risk of cancers like breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and sarcomas. […] Also called von Recklinghausen disease, it is often inherited and leads to many noncancerous tumors (known as fibromas) in nerves under the skin and in other body areas. […] People who underwent radiation therapy for conditions like breast cancer or lymphoma might develop sarcoma later in life, typically in the area previously treated. […] An eye cancer in children caused by defects in the RB1 gene. […] People with this condition often experience seizures and learning difficulties. […] Caused by defects in the RECQL2 gene.

• #3 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Radiation exposure accounts for less than 5% of sarcomas. But patients might develop sarcomas from radiation given to treat other cancers, like breast cancer or lymphoma. […] Family cancer syndromes are disorders caused by gene defects (mutations) that people are born with (often inherited from a parent) that are linked to a high risk of getting certain cancers. Some family cancer syndromes increase a person’s risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas. […] About 5% of people with neurofibromatosis will develop a sarcoma in a neurofibroma. […] People affected by this syndrome have a high risk of cancer, such as breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and sarcomas. […] Children with this gene defect also have a higher risk of developing bone or soft tissue sarcomas, especially if the retinoblastoma was treated with radiation.

• #3 Risks and causes | Soft tissue sarcoma | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks-causes

  We don’t know what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. But some factors may increase your risk of developing it. […] Ionising radiation in the environment can also increase the risk of sarcoma. This was for example during the atomic bomb explosions in Japan during World War 2. The rates of sarcoma were higher under these people. […] Several chemicals are thought to possibly increase the risk of some types of sarcoma. This might be in situations where people were exposed to high levels in their job over many years. […] Some types of rare genetic conditions can increase your risk of getting a sarcoma. […] It increases the risk of getting a rare type of sarcoma called a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). […] Families with Li Fraumeni syndrome have a higher risk of developing: soft tissue sarcoma.

• #3 What Causes Soft Tissue Sarcoma & Is It Hereditary?

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risk-factors

  While the exact cause of soft tissue sarcoma isnt known, this condition develops when cells located in the bodys soft tissues mutate, or change, causing them to divide and grow uncontrollably. The cells then form tumors that can grow, and may spread to other areas of the body. […] Exposure to vinyl chloride and dioxin may increase the risk for developing soft tissue sarcomas. […] If the patient served in Vietnam, Thailand or the Korean Demilitarized Zone, it’s important to know that there is evidence that soft tissue sarcomas are linked to chemical exposure. […] On rare occasions, external radiation therapy to treat any form of cancer can lead to the development of soft tissue sarcoma later in life in the treated area. […] People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sometimes develop Kaposi sarcoma, a type of soft tissue sarcoma that forms in cells that line blood vessels or lymph vessels.

• #3 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  They also have an increased risk of cancer, including soft tissue sarcomas. […] Exposure to vinyl chloride (a chemical used in making plastics) is a risk factor for developing sarcomas of the liver, but it hasn’t been proven to cause soft tissue sarcomas. […] Arsenic has also been linked to a type of liver sarcoma but not soft tissue sarcoma. […] Exposure to dioxin and to herbicides that contain phenoxyacetic acid at high doses (such as might occur in people who work on farms) may also be risk factors, but this isn’t known for certain.

• #3 Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/risks

  Less than 5% of sarcomas are caused by radiation therapy. The benefit of using radiation therapy to treat cancer outweighs the increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] The following rare inherited conditions increase the risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] People with neurofibromatosis type 1 have a higher risk of developing certain cancers, including soft tissue sarcoma. […] Long-term, or chronic, lymphedema can cause lymphangiosarcoma (also called Stewart-Treves syndrome). This is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops in lymph vessels. […] The following viral infections increase your risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma. […] Coming into contact with vinyl chloride at work increases the risk of developing angiosarcoma of the liver, a type of soft tissue sarcoma.

• #4 Soft tissue sarcoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20377725

  Soft tissue sarcoma starts when a connective tissue cell gets changes in its DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell a cell what to do. The changes turn the connective tissue cells into cancer cells. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and make more cells. Healthy cells die as part of their natural cycle, but cancer cells keep growing because they do not have instructions to stop. […] It’s not clear what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. […] The type of cell with DNA changes is what determines the type of soft tissue sarcoma. For example, angiosarcoma begins in cells in the lining of blood vessels, while liposarcoma starts in fat cells. […] Factors that may raise the risk of sarcoma include: Inherited syndromes. A risk of soft tissue sarcoma can run in families. Genetic syndromes that increase the risk include hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and Werner syndrome. […] Chemical exposure. Being exposed to certain chemicals may increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas. These chemicals include herbicides, arsenic and dioxin. […] Radiation exposure. Radiation therapy for other cancers can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas.

• #4 Sarcoma: What it Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17934-sarcoma

  Radiation: Exposure to high doses of radiation from previous cancer treatment. […] Lymphedema: Long-term swelling in your arms or legs. […] Genetic conditions: Certain inherited disorders and chromosome mutations, such as Gardner syndrome, Werner syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Gorlin syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma and neurofibromatosis type 1.

• #4 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/orthopaedics/conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  A condition caused by defects in the APC gene. […] Also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), Gorlin syndrome is caused by defects in the PTCH1 gene. […] Caused by inherited defects in the TP53 gene, this condition increases the risk of cancers like breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, and sarcomas. […] Also called von Recklinghausen disease, it is often inherited and leads to many noncancerous tumors (known as fibromas) in nerves under the skin and in other body areas. […] People who underwent radiation therapy for conditions like breast cancer or lymphoma might develop sarcoma later in life, typically in the area previously treated. […] An eye cancer in children caused by defects in the RB1 gene. […] People with this condition often experience seizures and learning difficulties. […] Caused by defects in the RECQL2 gene.

• #4 Is Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma (Cancer) Curable? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/is_adult_soft_tissue_sarcoma_curable/article_em.htm

  Adult soft tissue sarcoma is believed to be caused by genetic changes (mutations), however, the exact cause for these mutations is unknown. Risk factors for developing adult soft tissue sarcoma include: […] Radiation therapy used to treat other cancers […] Chemical exposure […] Vinyl chloride (a chemical used in making plastics) […] Arsenic […] Dioxin […] Thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) […] Herbicides (weed killers) containing phenoxyacetic acid at high doses (such as might occur in people who work on farms, though there is no evidence that herbicides or insecticides cause sarcomas in levels encountered by the general public)

• #5 Risk Factors for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Radiation given to treat other cancers […] Family cancer syndromes […] Damaged lymph system […] Chemicals […] A risk factor is anything that changes your chance of getting a disease like cancer. Different cancers have different risk factors. For example, unprotected exposure to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. Smoking is a risk factor for cancers of the lung, and many other cancers. But risk factors dont tell us everything. Having a risk factor, or even many, doesnt mean that you will get the cancer. Also, many people get cancer without having a risk factor. […] Injury and lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, and exercise are NOT linked to the risk for soft tissue sarcoma. […] Still, scientists have found a few risk factors that make a person more likely to develop soft tissue sarcomas:

• #5 Soft Tissue Sarcoma | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/types-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the soft tissues of the body. […] Having certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. […] Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma include the following inherited disorders: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 mutation), von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis type 1; NF1 mutation), Gardner syndrome (APC mutation), Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome; PTCH1 mutation), Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville disease; TSC1 or TSC2 mutation), Werner syndrome (adult progeria; WRN mutation). […] Other risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma include the following: Past treatment with radiation therapy, having lymphedema in the arms or legs for a long time, being exposed to certain chemicals, such as Thorotrast (thorium dioxide), vinyl chloride, or arsenic, being infected with HIV and human herpesvirus 8. These viruses have been linked to Kaposi sarcoma.

• #5 Sarcoma: What it Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17934-sarcoma

  Radiation: Exposure to high doses of radiation from previous cancer treatment. […] Lymphedema: Long-term swelling in your arms or legs. […] Genetic conditions: Certain inherited disorders and chromosome mutations, such as Gardner syndrome, Werner syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Gorlin syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma and neurofibromatosis type 1.

• #5 Soft tissue sarcoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/soft-tissue-sarcoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20377725

  Soft tissue sarcoma starts when a connective tissue cell gets changes in its DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell a cell what to do. The changes turn the connective tissue cells into cancer cells. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and make more cells. Healthy cells die as part of their natural cycle, but cancer cells keep growing because they do not have instructions to stop. […] It’s not clear what causes most soft tissue sarcomas. […] The type of cell with DNA changes is what determines the type of soft tissue sarcoma. For example, angiosarcoma begins in cells in the lining of blood vessels, while liposarcoma starts in fat cells. […] Factors that may raise the risk of sarcoma include: Inherited syndromes. A risk of soft tissue sarcoma can run in families. Genetic syndromes that increase the risk include hereditary retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and Werner syndrome. […] Chemical exposure. Being exposed to certain chemicals may increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas. These chemicals include herbicides, arsenic and dioxin. […] Radiation exposure. Radiation therapy for other cancers can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcomas.

• #5 Sarcoma: What it Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17934-sarcoma

  Sarcomas form when immature bone or soft tissue cells have changes to their DNA, and they develop into cancer cells that grow in an unregulated way. They may eventually form a mass or tumor that can invade nearby healthy tissues. Left untreated, the cancer can travel via your bloodstream or lymphatic system from the primary location where it formed to other organs (metastasis). Metastasized cancer is challenging to treat. […] As with other forms of cancer, researchers dont know what causes a healthy cell to become sarcoma. […] Certain factors may raise your risk of developing sarcoma. Risk factors include: Exposure to chemicals: Exposure to arsenic and certain chemicals used to make plastics (vinyl chloride monomer), herbicides (phenoxyacetic acid) and wood preservatives (chlorophenols).

• #6 Soft Tissue Sarcoma | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/types-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the soft tissues of the body. […] Having certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. […] Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma include the following inherited disorders: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 mutation), von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis type 1; NF1 mutation), Gardner syndrome (APC mutation), Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome; PTCH1 mutation), Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville disease; TSC1 or TSC2 mutation), Werner syndrome (adult progeria; WRN mutation). […] Other risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma include the following: Past treatment with radiation therapy, having lymphedema in the arms or legs for a long time, being exposed to certain chemicals, such as Thorotrast (thorium dioxide), vinyl chloride, or arsenic, being infected with HIV and human herpesvirus 8. These viruses have been linked to Kaposi sarcoma.

• #7 Soft Tissue Sarcoma | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/types-cancer/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the soft tissues of the body. […] Having certain inherited disorders can increase the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. […] Risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma include the following inherited disorders: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 mutation), von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis type 1; NF1 mutation), Gardner syndrome (APC mutation), Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome; PTCH1 mutation), Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville disease; TSC1 or TSC2 mutation), Werner syndrome (adult progeria; WRN mutation). […] Other risk factors for soft tissue sarcoma include the following: Past treatment with radiation therapy, having lymphedema in the arms or legs for a long time, being exposed to certain chemicals, such as Thorotrast (thorium dioxide), vinyl chloride, or arsenic, being infected with HIV and human herpesvirus 8. These viruses have been linked to Kaposi sarcoma.

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