Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3564705/

  Sarcomas account for over 20% of all pediatric solid malignant cancers and less than 1% of all adult solid malignant cancers. The vast majority of diagnosed sarcomas will be soft tissue sarcomas, while malignant bone tumors make up just over 10% of sarcomas. The risks for sarcoma are not well-understood. We evaluated the existing literature on the epidemiology and etiology of sarcoma. Risks for sarcoma development can be divided into environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and an interaction between the two. […] A recent meta-analysis reported that children with a history of hernias have a greater risk of developing Ewings sarcoma (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9, 5.7). […] Occupational factors such as job type, industry, and exposures to chemicals such as herbicides and chlorophenols have been suggested as risk factors for sarcomas. A case-control study found a significant increase in soft tissue sarcoma risk among gardeners (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.00, 14.00), but not among those strictly involved in farming.

• #2 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  Sarcomas account for over 20% of all pediatric solid malignant cancers and less than 1% of all adult solid malignant cancers. The vast majority of diagnosed sarcomas will be soft tissue sarcomas, while malignant bone tumors make up just over 10% of sarcomas. The risks for sarcoma are not well-understood. […] We evaluated the existing literature on the epidemiology and etiology of sarcoma. Risks for sarcoma development can be divided into environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and an interaction between the two. […] A recent meta-analysis reported that children with a history of hernias have a greater risk of developing Ewings sarcoma (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9, 5.7). […] Occupational factors such as job type, industry, and exposures to chemicals such as herbicides and chlorophenols have been suggested as risk factors for sarcomas. A case-control study found a significant increase in soft tissue sarcoma risk among gardeners (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.00, 14.00), but not among those strictly involved in farming.

• #3 Clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and staging of soft tissue sarcoma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-diagnostic-evaluation-and-staging-of-soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin that comprise less than 1 percent of all adult malignancies and approximately 10 percent of pediatric cancers. Approximately 80 percent of all new cases of sarcoma originate from soft tissue, and the rest originate from bone. […] This topic review will cover the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and staging of soft tissue sarcoma. […] The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are discussed separately. While previously categorized with soft tissue sarcoma, the clinical behavior and treatment of GIST is different from soft tissue sarcomas discussed in this topic.

• #4 Soft Tissue Cancer — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/soft.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 13,520. […] % of All New Cancer Cases 0.7%. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 5,410. […] % of All Cancer Deaths 0.9%. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer was 3.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. […] The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 men and women per year. […] Approximately 0.3 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with soft tissue cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 20182021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] In 2022, there were an estimated 172,585 people living with soft tissue cancer in the United States. […] Soft tissue cancer represents 0.7% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 13,520 new cases of soft tissue cancer and an estimated 5,410 people will die of this disease.

• #5 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Estimated new cases and deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in the United States in 2025: […] The reported international incidence of soft tissue sarcoma ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer in the United States was 3.4 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted cases from 2017 to 2021. The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted deaths from 2018 to 2022. […] Most soft tissue sarcomas are sporadic. Risk factors include: Previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, exposure to certain chemicals, HIV and human herpesvirus 8 infection. […] Soft tissue sarcomas occur more frequently in patients with inherited syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Recklinghausen disease, Gardner syndrome, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, and Werner syndrome.

• #6 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Market Size | Growth & Industry – 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/soft-tissue-sarcoma-market

  Soft tissue sarcoma accounts for around 1% and 7-15% of adult and pediatric cancers, respectively. […] Every year, around 8,000 new soft tissue sarcoma cases are diagnosed in the United States, resulting in a higher fatality rate. […] Around 3500 – 4000 men and women die with soft tissue sarcoma in the United States each year. […] Several population-based studies on soft tissue sarcoma have reported rates of 1.8 to 5.0 cases per 100,000 persons per year. […] Young adults have the lowest incidence of soft tissue sarcomas, but it slowly increases until the age of 50.

• #7 Key Statistics for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/about/key-statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for soft tissue sarcomas in the United States for 2025 are: About 13,520 new soft tissue sarcomas will be diagnosed (7,600 in males and 5920 in females). About 5,420 people (2,960 males and 2,450 females) are expected to die of soft tissue sarcomas. […] These statistics include both adults and children. […] Certain types occur more often in certain parts of the body more often than others. For example, leiomyosarcomas are the most common type of sarcoma found in the abdomen (belly), while liposarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas are most common in legs.

• #8 Soft Tissue Cancer — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/soft.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 13,520. […] % of All New Cancer Cases 0.7%. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 5,410. […] % of All Cancer Deaths 0.9%. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer was 3.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. […] The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 men and women per year. […] Approximately 0.3 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with soft tissue cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 20182021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] In 2022, there were an estimated 172,585 people living with soft tissue cancer in the United States. […] Soft tissue cancer represents 0.7% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 13,520 new cases of soft tissue cancer and an estimated 5,410 people will die of this disease.

• #9 Soft Tissue Cancer — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/soft.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 13,520. […] % of All New Cancer Cases 0.7%. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 5,410. […] % of All Cancer Deaths 0.9%. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer was 3.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. […] The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 men and women per year. […] Approximately 0.3 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with soft tissue cancer at some point during their lifetime, based on 20182021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] In 2022, there were an estimated 172,585 people living with soft tissue cancer in the United States. […] Soft tissue cancer represents 0.7% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 13,520 new cases of soft tissue cancer and an estimated 5,410 people will die of this disease.

• #10 Soft Tissue Cancer — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/soft.html

  The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer was 3.5 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] For soft tissue cancer, death rates increase with age. […] The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of soft tissue cancer deaths is highest among people aged 6574.

• #11 Soft tissue sarcoma statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  There are around 4,300 new soft tissue sarcoma cases in England every year, that’s around 12 every day (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for soft tissue sarcoma in the UK are highest in people aged 80-84 (1996-2010). […] Since 2013-2015, soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates have increased by 5% in England (2017-2019). […] Almost half (45%) of people diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma in the UK survive their disease for ten years or more, it is predicted (1996-2000). […] Soft tissue sarcoma ten-year survival in the UK is similar in females and males (1996-2000). […] 7 in 10 people in the UK diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma aged 35-39 survive their disease for five years or more, compared with 3 in 10 people diagnosed aged 85+ (2001-2005). […] Five-year relative survival for soft tissue sarcoma is generally similar to the European average in the UK. Further details on cancer survival in Europe can be found on the EUROCARE website. […] For soft tissue cancer, like other cancer sites, survival trends reflect a combination of changes in treatment and stage distribution. These factors themselves can vary by age, sex and deprivation.

• #12 Descriptive epidemiology of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Thailand | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15711-8

  This study aimed to analyze burden of STS and GIST in population and survival rate which represented the current situation of treatment in Thailand. The data was collected from five population-based cancer registries around the country for the period 2001 through 2015. During the study period, 4080 cases of STS and 457 cases of GIST were reported. The ASR of STS and GIST was 2.14/100,000 person-years and 0.22/100,000 person-years, respectively. The overall ASR of STS in Thailand was relatively low compared to Western countries. The five-year survival rate was 62.6% for STS and 63.4% for GIST, which was comparable to the rates reported in other countries. This study is the first report of the incidence rate of STS and GIST in Thailand. The age-standardized overall incidence rate of STS in Thailand during 2001-2015 (2.14/100,000 person-years) was close to that in Japan (2.0/100,000 person-years) but relatively low compared to Taiwan (3.8/100,000 person-years) and Western countries (4.25-5.8/100,000 person-years). The survival rates of STS and GIST patients in Thailand were comparable to the rates reported in other countries. The five-year survival rate for STS overall in our country was 62.6% compared to 52-62.9% in other countries. The 5-year survival rate was 63.4% for GIST compared to 63.6-67.7% in other countries. […] The overall survival rates of STS and GIST are comparable to those reported from others.

• #13 Incidence, distribution of histological subtypes and primary sites of soft tissue sarcoma in China | Cancer Biology & Medicine

  https://www.cancerbiomed.org/content/16/3/565

  Objective: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignancies deriving from mesenchyme. In this study, we reported the epidemiology of STS in China using population-based cancer registry data. […] Approximately 39,900 new STS cases occurred nationwide in China in 2014, accounting for 1.05% of overall cancer incidence. The crude incidence rate was 2.91/100,000 and generally increased with age. An overall female predilection was found. GIST was the most common histological subtype, followed by nerve sheath tumor and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. […] The burden of STS is not serious in China relatively. However, due to their histological and topographical complexity, STSs should not be unnoticed, and more basic and clinical studies should focus on STSs.

• #14 Incidence, distribution of histological subtypes and primary sites of soft tissue sarcoma in China | Cancer Biology & Medicine

  https://www.cancerbiomed.org/content/16/3/565

  In this study, using population-based cancer registry data, we found that nearly 39,900 new STS cases (5,700 GIST and 34,200 non-GIST) were diagnosed nationwide in China in 2014, representing 1.05% (0.90% in male, 1.23% in female) of all cancer incidence, larger than the proportion (0.75%) in United States. Crude incidence rates of STSs and GIST were 2.91 and 0.42 per 100,000 respectively, lower than the corresponding rates in western countries (4.7 and 0.78 per 100,000). […] Incidence of STS in China generally increased with age. […] GIST was the most common histological subtype in Chinese population, as was found in Europe. […] In terms of primary sites, according to American Cancer Society, STSs can develop in soft tissues, internal organs as well as retroperitoneum. However, the WHO classification did not include internal organs as primary sites for STSs and listed only the extremities, trunk wall, and retroperitoneum. […] This study is the first in China mainland to report the nationwide incidence of STS as well as the distribution of histological subtypes and primary sites.

• #15 Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Korea

  https://www.e-crt.org/journal/view.php?number=2964

  A soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare type of cancer, accounting for 1% of adult solid cancers. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of localized and advanced STS in Korean patients, their treatment patterns, and the survival of patients by disease status. […] A total of 7,813 patients were diagnosed with STS from 2007 to 2014, 4,307 were localized STS and 3,506 advanced STS cases. The total incidence of STS was 2.49 per 100,000 person-years: 1.37 per 100,000 person-years for localized STS and 1.12 per 100,000 person-years for advanced STS. The 5-year survival rate after diagnosis was 56.4% for all STS, 82.4% for localized, and 27.2% for advanced STS. […] This study provides insights into localized and advanced STS epidemiology, treatment patterns and outcomes in Korea, which could be used as fundamental data in improving clinical outcomes of STS patients in the future.

• #16 Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Korea

  https://www.e-crt.org/journal/view.php?number=2964

  The annual incidence rate ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 persons worldwide. Every year, new cases reach an average of 12,310 in the United States, 23,574 in the European Union, and 412 in Korea. […] The total incidence of STS in the Korean population was 2.49 per 100,000 person-years. […] The overall 5-year survival rate of the STS patient cohort after diagnosis was 56.4%, which was similar to that reported by other countries: Ireland (56%, 1994-2011) and the United Kingdom (55%, 2006-2010); close to the European average (57.8%, 2000-2002) but lower than in the United States (65%, 2006-2012) and Japan (77.5%, 2006-2012).

• #17 Descriptive analysis of incidence, demographic characteristics, and survival outcomes of soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities in Saudi Arabia | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-79716-1

  Soft-tissue sarcomas are uncommon, aggressive, and histologically heterogeneous, malignant tumors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The incidence of sarcoma ranged from 2 to 2.9 cases per one million (average, 2.4 cases per one million). The incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were lower than those in Western countries. The average incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas in the KSA was 2.4 cases per one million (range, 22.9 cases per one million). These incidence were notably lower than those reported in the United States (6.3 cases per 100,000 persons per year) and Europe (4.0 cases per 100,000 persons per year). However, the incidence in our study were comparable to those reported for other Middle Eastern countries, which may be due to shared genetic or environmental factors. The age distribution in our study revealed that soft-tissue sarcomas was more prevalent among younger age groups, with 22% of the cases occurring in the 19-30 years age group. Most cases occurred in the central region, followed by those in the Western and eastern regions (32%, 25%, and 21%, respectively). The most common soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes were liposarcoma (20.5%), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (13.2%), synovial sarcoma (11.1%), fibrosarcoma (9.9%), and leiomyosarcoma (8.2%). The survival rates identified in our study highlight the need for continued research and targeted interventions to improve outcomes for patients with soft-tissue sarcoma, particularly for those with more aggressive subtypes such as sarcoma NOS and rhabdomyosarcoma.

• #18 Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A 16-Year Experience of a Tertiary Referral Hospital in North Jordan

  https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/2/198

  Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. Their low prevalence and histological heterogeneity make their diagnosis a challenging task. To the best of our knowledge, the epidemiology of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) was not well studied in Jordan. This study thus aimed to determine STS epidemiologic trends at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH); a tertiary hospital that provides cancer healthcare for 70% of the population in Irbid Governorate, North Jordan. The findings of this study will provide a good reference point of the burden of STSs in Jordan and the Middle East region. […] In total, 157 STS cases were reported (1.9% of cancers diagnosed at KAUH during the 16-year study period). Crude annual incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 person-years ranged from 0.48 in 2015 to 1.83 in 2011 (average = 1.04). Age-standardized IR (ASR)(World WHO 2000–2025) was 1.37. Male:female ratio was 1.3:1. Median age was 39 years. Age ranged from <1 year to 90 years. Overall STS rates increased with age. The most common histological types were liposarcoma (19%), rhabdomyosarcoma (17%) and leiomyosarcoma (10%). The most common anatomic location was the extremity (40.1%), followed by the trunk (14.7%), then head and neck (10.8%).

• #19 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3564705/

  The limited studies we identified demonstrate significant relationships with sarcoma risk, but many of these results now require further validation on larger populations. […] In SEER data (1973-2008), we observed that soft tissue sarcomas currently occur much more frequently than malignant bone tumors. In 2008, soft tissue sarcomas accounted for nearly 87% of all sarcomas diagnosed, while the remaining 13% of the diagnoses were malignant bone tumors. […] Age is an important determinant of sarcoma occurrence. Based on current statistics provided by the NCHS and SEER, from 2004-2008, the mean age at diagnosis for soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors was 58 and 40 years of age, respectively. […] The literature available on racial differences in regards to soft tissue sarcomas appeared to be lacking and required us to further analyze the SEER database for racial disparities. We generated soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates, which included years 1973-2008, and found that Blacks had the highest overall incidence rate of 5.1 per 100,000 (the opposite of Ewings sarcoma, a bone tumor sarcoma).

• #20 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  The limited studies we identified demonstrate significant relationships with sarcoma risk, but many of these results now require further validation on larger populations. […] In SEER data (19732008), we observed that soft tissue sarcomas currently occur much more frequently than malignant bone tumors. In 2008, soft tissue sarcomas accounted for nearly 87% of all sarcomas diagnosed, while the remaining 13% of the diagnoses were malignant bone tumors. […] Age is an important determinant of sarcoma occurrence. Based on current statistics provided by the NCHS and SEER, from 20042008, the mean age at diagnosis for soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors was 58 and 40 years of age, respectively. […] The literature available on racial differences in regards to soft tissue sarcomas appeared to be lacking and required us to further analyze the SEER database for racial disparities.

• #21 Incidence patterns of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of primary site, in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program, 1978-2001: An analysis of 26,758 cases – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17013893/

  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of uncommon tumors that show a broad range of differentiation that may reflect etiologic distinction. […] We analyzed the 1978-2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program incidence rates of STS regardless of primary site, except bones and joints, using the 2002 criteria of the WHO classification. […] Overall, incidence rates were highest among black women (6.26/100,000 woman-years) and the lowest among white women (4.60/100,000). […] Age-adjusted rates increased at 1.2% and 0.8% per year among white males and females, respectively, both trends statistically significant, while rates among blacks declined slightly. […] Total STS rates rose exponentially with age. […] Incidence patterns of STS varied markedly by histologic type, supporting the notion that these tumors may be etiologically distinct.

• #22 Soft tissue sarcoma incidence statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/soft-tissue-sarcoma/incidence

  There are 4,295 soft tissue sarcoma cases on average each year in England, a crude rate of 7.7 cases per 100,000 persons (2017-2019). […] Around half of soft tissue sarcoma cases in the UK are in females, and around half are in males (1996-2010). Soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates (European age-standardised (AS) rate) in the UK are significantly lower in females than in males. […] Soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates (European age-standardised (AS) rate) for persons are similar to the UK average in all UK constituent nations (2010). […] Soft tissue sarcoma incidence is unusual compared with most cancers because a sizeable proportion of cases occur in children and younger adults; however the highest incidence rates are in older people. In the UK in 1996-2010, incidence rates for soft tissue sarcoma in the UK were highest in people aged 80-84.

• #23 Sarcoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoma

  Sarcomas affect people of all ages. Around 50% of bone sarcomas and 20% of soft-tissue sarcomas are diagnosed in people under the age of 35. Some sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), are more common in adults than in children. Most high-grade bone sarcomas, including Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, are much more common in children and young adults.

• #24 Benign and Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1253816-overview

  In general, benign soft-tissue tumors occur at least 10 times more frequently than malignant ones, though the true incidence of soft-tissue tumors is not well documented. […] However, some insight regarding the incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas can be derived from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, which, between 1973 and 1983, accumulated data on 6883 such tumors. […] Overall, the age-adjusted annual incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas ranges from 15 to 35 per 1 million population. […] The incidence increases steadily with age and is slightly higher in men than in women. […] Malignant soft-tissue tumors occur twice as often as primary bone sarcomas. […] Approximately 45% of sarcomas occur in the lower extremities, 15% in the upper extremities, 10% in the head-and-neck region, 15% in the retroperitoneum, and the remaining 15% in the abdominal and chest wall. […] The different types of soft-tissue tumors have distinct age distributions. […] In general, the prognosis in older patients with a diagnosis of high-grade sarcoma is poor.

• #25 Soft tissue sarcoma: Stats and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-common-is-soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Research suggests STS affects males more than females, although the ratios vary depending on the type. […] The survival rate for STS depends on whether the cancer is localized or has spread to other parts of the body. […] According to the ACS, the 5-year survival rate for localized soft tissue sarcoma is 81%. […] For people with cancer that has spread to nearby structures and distant parts of the body, the 5-year survival rates are 56% and 15%, respectively. […] Studies have shown a low prevalence of this condition. However, it is possible that the prevalence rates are inaccurate, given the high chance of misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.

• #26 Incidence patterns of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of primary site, in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program, 1978-2001: An analysis of 26,758 cases – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17013893/

  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of uncommon tumors that show a broad range of differentiation that may reflect etiologic distinction. […] We analyzed the 1978-2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program incidence rates of STS regardless of primary site, except bones and joints, using the 2002 criteria of the WHO classification. […] Overall, incidence rates were highest among black women (6.26/100,000 woman-years) and the lowest among white women (4.60/100,000). […] Age-adjusted rates increased at 1.2% and 0.8% per year among white males and females, respectively, both trends statistically significant, while rates among blacks declined slightly. […] Total STS rates rose exponentially with age. […] Incidence patterns of STS varied markedly by histologic type, supporting the notion that these tumors may be etiologically distinct.

• #27 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3564705/

  The limited studies we identified demonstrate significant relationships with sarcoma risk, but many of these results now require further validation on larger populations. […] In SEER data (1973-2008), we observed that soft tissue sarcomas currently occur much more frequently than malignant bone tumors. In 2008, soft tissue sarcomas accounted for nearly 87% of all sarcomas diagnosed, while the remaining 13% of the diagnoses were malignant bone tumors. […] Age is an important determinant of sarcoma occurrence. Based on current statistics provided by the NCHS and SEER, from 2004-2008, the mean age at diagnosis for soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors was 58 and 40 years of age, respectively. […] The literature available on racial differences in regards to soft tissue sarcomas appeared to be lacking and required us to further analyze the SEER database for racial disparities. We generated soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates, which included years 1973-2008, and found that Blacks had the highest overall incidence rate of 5.1 per 100,000 (the opposite of Ewings sarcoma, a bone tumor sarcoma).

• #28 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  We generated soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates, which included years 19732008, and found that Blacks had the highest overall incidence rate of 5.1 per 100,000 (the opposite of Ewings sarcoma, a bone tumor sarcoma). […] Several different inherited genetic syndromes increase the risk for subsequent sarcoma development. […] Individuals diagnosed with NF1 have a 10% cumulative lifetime risk of developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). […] Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) was one of the first cancer genetic syndromes discovered to have a strong association with sarcomas. […] High doses of radiation are known to strongly increase the risk of both soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors. This association is primarily reflected by the increase in the number of secondary sarcoma cancers diagnosed among individuals that have been treated by radiotherapy.

• #29 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 16 Issue 5 (2018)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/16/5/article-p536.xml

  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare solid tumors of mesenchymal cell origin that display a heterogenous mix of clinical and pathologic characteristics. STS can develop from fat, muscle, nerves, blood vessels, and other connective tissues. […] In 2018, an estimated 13,040 people will be diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in the United States, with approximately 5,150 deaths. The true incidence of STS is underestimated, especially because a large proportion of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) may not have been included in tumor registry databases before 2001. […] Prior radiation therapy (RT) to the affected area is a risk factor for the development of STS. […] More than 50 different histologic subtypes of STS have been identified. Common subtypes of STS include undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), GIST, liposarcoma (LPS), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS).

• #30 Key Statistics for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/about/key-statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for soft tissue sarcomas in the United States for 2025 are: About 13,520 new soft tissue sarcomas will be diagnosed (7,600 in males and 5920 in females). About 5,420 people (2,960 males and 2,450 females) are expected to die of soft tissue sarcomas. […] These statistics include both adults and children. […] Certain types occur more often in certain parts of the body more often than others. For example, leiomyosarcomas are the most common type of sarcoma found in the abdomen (belly), while liposarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas are most common in legs.

• #31 Descriptive analysis of incidence, demographic characteristics, and survival outcomes of soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities in Saudi Arabia | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-79716-1

  Soft-tissue sarcomas are uncommon, aggressive, and histologically heterogeneous, malignant tumors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The incidence of sarcoma ranged from 2 to 2.9 cases per one million (average, 2.4 cases per one million). The incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were lower than those in Western countries. The average incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas in the KSA was 2.4 cases per one million (range, 22.9 cases per one million). These incidence were notably lower than those reported in the United States (6.3 cases per 100,000 persons per year) and Europe (4.0 cases per 100,000 persons per year). However, the incidence in our study were comparable to those reported for other Middle Eastern countries, which may be due to shared genetic or environmental factors. The age distribution in our study revealed that soft-tissue sarcomas was more prevalent among younger age groups, with 22% of the cases occurring in the 19-30 years age group. Most cases occurred in the central region, followed by those in the Western and eastern regions (32%, 25%, and 21%, respectively). The most common soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes were liposarcoma (20.5%), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (13.2%), synovial sarcoma (11.1%), fibrosarcoma (9.9%), and leiomyosarcoma (8.2%). The survival rates identified in our study highlight the need for continued research and targeted interventions to improve outcomes for patients with soft-tissue sarcoma, particularly for those with more aggressive subtypes such as sarcoma NOS and rhabdomyosarcoma.

• #32 Key Statistics for Soft Tissue Sarcomas | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/about/key-statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for soft tissue sarcomas in the United States for 2025 are: About 13,520 new soft tissue sarcomas will be diagnosed (7,600 in males and 5920 in females). About 5,420 people (2,960 males and 2,450 females) are expected to die of soft tissue sarcomas. […] These statistics include both adults and children. […] Certain types occur more often in certain parts of the body more often than others. For example, leiomyosarcomas are the most common type of sarcoma found in the abdomen (belly), while liposarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas are most common in legs.

• #33 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 16 Issue 5 (2018)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/16/5/article-p536.xml

  The anatomic site of the primary disease represents an important variable that influences treatment and outcome. Extremities (43%), the trunk (10%), viscera (19%), retroperitoneum (15%), or head and neck (9%) are the most common primary sites. […] STS most commonly metastasizes to the lungs; tumors arising in the abdominal cavity more commonly metastasize to the liver and peritoneum. […] The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for STS address the management of STS in adult patients from the perspective of the following disease subtypes: STS of extremity, superficial/trunk, or head and neck; Retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal STS; GISTs; Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatoses); RMS. […] Before treatment initiation, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS.

• #34 Benign and Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumors: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1253816-overview

  In general, benign soft-tissue tumors occur at least 10 times more frequently than malignant ones, though the true incidence of soft-tissue tumors is not well documented. […] However, some insight regarding the incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas can be derived from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, which, between 1973 and 1983, accumulated data on 6883 such tumors. […] Overall, the age-adjusted annual incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas ranges from 15 to 35 per 1 million population. […] The incidence increases steadily with age and is slightly higher in men than in women. […] Malignant soft-tissue tumors occur twice as often as primary bone sarcomas. […] Approximately 45% of sarcomas occur in the lower extremities, 15% in the upper extremities, 10% in the head-and-neck region, 15% in the retroperitoneum, and the remaining 15% in the abdominal and chest wall. […] The different types of soft-tissue tumors have distinct age distributions. […] In general, the prognosis in older patients with a diagnosis of high-grade sarcoma is poor.

• #35 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3564705/

  Several different inherited genetic syndromes increase the risk for subsequent sarcoma development. Some of the most well-known syndromes are neurofibromatosis (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausens disease, Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), and Retinoblastoma (Rb). […] High doses of radiation are known to strongly increase the risk of both soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors. This association is primarily reflected by the increase in the number of secondary sarcoma cancers diagnosed among individuals that have been treated by radiotherapy.

• #36 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  We generated soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates, which included years 19732008, and found that Blacks had the highest overall incidence rate of 5.1 per 100,000 (the opposite of Ewings sarcoma, a bone tumor sarcoma). […] Several different inherited genetic syndromes increase the risk for subsequent sarcoma development. […] Individuals diagnosed with NF1 have a 10% cumulative lifetime risk of developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). […] Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) was one of the first cancer genetic syndromes discovered to have a strong association with sarcomas. […] High doses of radiation are known to strongly increase the risk of both soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors. This association is primarily reflected by the increase in the number of secondary sarcoma cancers diagnosed among individuals that have been treated by radiotherapy.

• #37 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Estimated new cases and deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in the United States in 2025: […] The reported international incidence of soft tissue sarcoma ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer in the United States was 3.4 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted cases from 2017 to 2021. The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted deaths from 2018 to 2022. […] Most soft tissue sarcomas are sporadic. Risk factors include: Previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, exposure to certain chemicals, HIV and human herpesvirus 8 infection. […] Soft tissue sarcomas occur more frequently in patients with inherited syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Recklinghausen disease, Gardner syndrome, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, and Werner syndrome.

• #38 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3564705/

  Several different inherited genetic syndromes increase the risk for subsequent sarcoma development. Some of the most well-known syndromes are neurofibromatosis (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausens disease, Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), and Retinoblastoma (Rb). […] High doses of radiation are known to strongly increase the risk of both soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors. This association is primarily reflected by the increase in the number of secondary sarcoma cancers diagnosed among individuals that have been treated by radiotherapy.

• #39 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  We generated soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates, which included years 19732008, and found that Blacks had the highest overall incidence rate of 5.1 per 100,000 (the opposite of Ewings sarcoma, a bone tumor sarcoma). […] Several different inherited genetic syndromes increase the risk for subsequent sarcoma development. […] Individuals diagnosed with NF1 have a 10% cumulative lifetime risk of developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). […] Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) was one of the first cancer genetic syndromes discovered to have a strong association with sarcomas. […] High doses of radiation are known to strongly increase the risk of both soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors. This association is primarily reflected by the increase in the number of secondary sarcoma cancers diagnosed among individuals that have been treated by radiotherapy.

• #40 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Estimated new cases and deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in the United States in 2025: […] The reported international incidence of soft tissue sarcoma ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer in the United States was 3.4 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted cases from 2017 to 2021. The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted deaths from 2018 to 2022. […] Most soft tissue sarcomas are sporadic. Risk factors include: Previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, exposure to certain chemicals, HIV and human herpesvirus 8 infection. […] Soft tissue sarcomas occur more frequently in patients with inherited syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Recklinghausen disease, Gardner syndrome, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, and Werner syndrome.

• #41 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  We generated soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates, which included years 19732008, and found that Blacks had the highest overall incidence rate of 5.1 per 100,000 (the opposite of Ewings sarcoma, a bone tumor sarcoma). […] Several different inherited genetic syndromes increase the risk for subsequent sarcoma development. […] Individuals diagnosed with NF1 have a 10% cumulative lifetime risk of developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). […] Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) was one of the first cancer genetic syndromes discovered to have a strong association with sarcomas. […] High doses of radiation are known to strongly increase the risk of both soft tissue sarcomas and malignant bone tumors. This association is primarily reflected by the increase in the number of secondary sarcoma cancers diagnosed among individuals that have been treated by radiotherapy.

• #42 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Estimated new cases and deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in the United States in 2025: […] The reported international incidence of soft tissue sarcoma ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer in the United States was 3.4 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted cases from 2017 to 2021. The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted deaths from 2018 to 2022. […] Most soft tissue sarcomas are sporadic. Risk factors include: Previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, exposure to certain chemicals, HIV and human herpesvirus 8 infection. […] Soft tissue sarcomas occur more frequently in patients with inherited syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Recklinghausen disease, Gardner syndrome, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, and Werner syndrome.

• #43 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3564705/

  Sarcomas account for over 20% of all pediatric solid malignant cancers and less than 1% of all adult solid malignant cancers. The vast majority of diagnosed sarcomas will be soft tissue sarcomas, while malignant bone tumors make up just over 10% of sarcomas. The risks for sarcoma are not well-understood. We evaluated the existing literature on the epidemiology and etiology of sarcoma. Risks for sarcoma development can be divided into environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and an interaction between the two. […] A recent meta-analysis reported that children with a history of hernias have a greater risk of developing Ewings sarcoma (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9, 5.7). […] Occupational factors such as job type, industry, and exposures to chemicals such as herbicides and chlorophenols have been suggested as risk factors for sarcomas. A case-control study found a significant increase in soft tissue sarcoma risk among gardeners (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.00, 14.00), but not among those strictly involved in farming.

• #44 The Epidemiology of Sarcoma | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-3329-2-14

  Sarcomas account for over 20% of all pediatric solid malignant cancers and less than 1% of all adult solid malignant cancers. The vast majority of diagnosed sarcomas will be soft tissue sarcomas, while malignant bone tumors make up just over 10% of sarcomas. The risks for sarcoma are not well-understood. […] We evaluated the existing literature on the epidemiology and etiology of sarcoma. Risks for sarcoma development can be divided into environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and an interaction between the two. […] A recent meta-analysis reported that children with a history of hernias have a greater risk of developing Ewings sarcoma (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9, 5.7). […] Occupational factors such as job type, industry, and exposures to chemicals such as herbicides and chlorophenols have been suggested as risk factors for sarcomas. A case-control study found a significant increase in soft tissue sarcoma risk among gardeners (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.00, 14.00), but not among those strictly involved in farming.

• #45 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Estimated new cases and deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in the United States in 2025: […] The reported international incidence of soft tissue sarcoma ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer in the United States was 3.4 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted cases from 2017 to 2021. The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted deaths from 2018 to 2022. […] Most soft tissue sarcomas are sporadic. Risk factors include: Previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, exposure to certain chemicals, HIV and human herpesvirus 8 infection. […] Soft tissue sarcomas occur more frequently in patients with inherited syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Recklinghausen disease, Gardner syndrome, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, and Werner syndrome.

• #46 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Estimated new cases and deaths from soft tissue sarcoma in the United States in 2025: […] The reported international incidence of soft tissue sarcoma ranges from 1.8 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. […] The rate of new cases of soft tissue cancer in the United States was 3.4 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted cases from 2017 to 2021. The death rate was 1.3 per 100,000 people per year based on age-adjusted deaths from 2018 to 2022. […] Most soft tissue sarcomas are sporadic. Risk factors include: Previous radiation therapy, chronic lymphedema, exposure to certain chemicals, HIV and human herpesvirus 8 infection. […] Soft tissue sarcomas occur more frequently in patients with inherited syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, von Recklinghausen disease, Gardner syndrome, Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis, and Werner syndrome.

• #47

  https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2020/02150/Sarcoma_Surveillance__A_Review_of_Current_Evidence.2.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cjaaos:2020:02150:00002%7C10.5435/jaaos-d-19-00002%7C

  After initial treatment of sarcoma, disease progression may occur in the form of local recurrence, pulmonary metastases, or extrapulmonary metastases. […] In general, they agree that follow-up should be more intense in the early years after treatment, especially for high-grade sarcomas, and continue for at least 10 years. […] For pulmonary metastasis, either radiograph or CT is recommended, with the latter having theoretical advantages but no proven survival benefit to date. […] Extrapulmonary metastases are rare in most sarcoma types, so the literature only supports extrapulmonary surveillance for certain diagnoses. […] Therefore, it is critical for providers to understand the existing research and guidelines to determine optimal surveillance strategies for their patients.

• #48 Patient surveillance after treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijo_00000843

  About 1% of all cancers are soft tissue sarcomas (STS); about 60% of these occur in the extremities. Post-treatment surveillance programs are designed to identify recurrence, new primary cancers, and complications of therapy early enough to increase survival duration and quality of life. […] The intensity of surveillance varies among surgeons. We hypothesized that geographic factors would account for much of this variation. […] The study end-point was surveillance intensity. Mean follow-up intensity for the 12 surveillance modalities on the questionnaire was highly correlated with tumor size, grade, and year post surgery. Controlling for tumor stage, grade, and year post surgery, the practice location of the surgeon infrequently impacted surveillance intensity. MSA was a significant (p<0.05) predictor of surveillance intensity.

• #49 Post-operative surveillance in soft tissue sarcoma: using tumorspecific recurrence patterns to direct approach – Zaidi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/20903/html

  Significant challenges exist in creating surveillance recommendations for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) given the vast heterogeneity of recurrence patterns between histologic subtypes. […] Although surveillance protocols have been developed in parallel with our growing knowledge of cancer biology, many of these surveillance programs lack evidence for their effectiveness in detecting local or distant recurrences at a treatable stage. This is especially true in soft tissue sarcoma (STS), where the complex heterogeneity of the disease presents particular challenges in crafting effective surveillance strategies. […] The natural history of STS is determined largely by the histologic subtype of tumor and the anatomic site of origin. […] To this end, national and international groups have recommended surveillance strategies that encompass the diverse tumor behaviors that STS subtypes may exhibit.

• #50 Post-operative surveillance in soft tissue sarcoma: using tumorspecific recurrence patterns to direct approach – Zaidi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/20903/html

  STS remains a rare malignancy even in centers specializing in cancer care, which makes crafting effective surveillance strategies difficult. […] Unique obstacles exist in creating surveillance strategies for STS due mainly to the diverse natural history and recurrence patterns between tumor subtypes. In recent years however, multiple groups have compiled extended follow-up data on the specific histologic subtypes of STS. In light of this data, we propose using tumor-specific protocols for postoperative surveillance centered around the histologic subtype of each tumor.

• #51

  https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2020/02150/Sarcoma_Surveillance__A_Review_of_Current_Evidence.2.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cjaaos:2020:02150:00002%7C10.5435/jaaos-d-19-00002%7C

  After initial treatment of sarcoma, disease progression may occur in the form of local recurrence, pulmonary metastases, or extrapulmonary metastases. […] In general, they agree that follow-up should be more intense in the early years after treatment, especially for high-grade sarcomas, and continue for at least 10 years. […] For pulmonary metastasis, either radiograph or CT is recommended, with the latter having theoretical advantages but no proven survival benefit to date. […] Extrapulmonary metastases are rare in most sarcoma types, so the literature only supports extrapulmonary surveillance for certain diagnoses. […] Therefore, it is critical for providers to understand the existing research and guidelines to determine optimal surveillance strategies for their patients.

• #52 Management of soft-tissue sarcomas; treatment strategies, staging, and outcomes | SICOT-J

  https://www.sicot-j.org/articles/sicotj/full_html/2017/01/sicotj160134/sicotj160134.html

  Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of malignant tumors which can affect any age group. Approximately 11,000 new cases of STS are diagnosed each year in the United States, accounting for 1% of all cancers. STS can occur over all age ranges, however the median age at diagnosis is 5665 years, peaking in the 8th decade. The majority of local recurrences as well as lung metastases will become evident within the first two years following treatment. As a result, high-risk patients are seen in follow-up every three months for the first two years for clinical examination and a chest x-ray or CT-scan. After the first two years high-risk patients are reviewed every six months until five years and then annually until 10 years. […] Following a tissue diagnosis and staging, the treatment of patients with STS involves a multidisciplinary team approach and most patients are eligible for limb-salvage surgery, usually combined with radiation. Following treatment the majority of patients can expect a painless and functional extremity.

• #53 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Poor prognostic factors in adults with soft tissue sarcomas include age older than 60 years, tumor size larger than 5 cm, high histological grade, advanced pathological stage at diagnosis, and positive tumor margins after surgery. […] Small low-grade tumors, particularly in the trunk or extremities, are frequently curable by surgery alone. Higher-grade sarcomas are associated with higher local-treatment failure rates and increased metastatic potential. […] PET and CT imaging may have higher sensitivity than contrast-enhanced CT imaging when recurrent sarcoma is suspected. […] More than 80% of the relapses occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up. […] This study supports imaging surveillance for detection of lung metastases. Local recurrences at the primary site were usually detected by clinical examination.

• #54 Management of soft-tissue sarcomas; treatment strategies, staging, and outcomes | SICOT-J

  https://www.sicot-j.org/articles/sicotj/full_html/2017/01/sicotj160134/sicotj160134.html

  Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare group of malignant tumors which can affect any age group. Approximately 11,000 new cases of STS are diagnosed each year in the United States, accounting for 1% of all cancers. STS can occur over all age ranges, however the median age at diagnosis is 5665 years, peaking in the 8th decade. The majority of local recurrences as well as lung metastases will become evident within the first two years following treatment. As a result, high-risk patients are seen in follow-up every three months for the first two years for clinical examination and a chest x-ray or CT-scan. After the first two years high-risk patients are reviewed every six months until five years and then annually until 10 years. […] Following a tissue diagnosis and staging, the treatment of patients with STS involves a multidisciplinary team approach and most patients are eligible for limb-salvage surgery, usually combined with radiation. Following treatment the majority of patients can expect a painless and functional extremity.

• #55 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 16 Issue 5 (2018)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/16/5/article-p536.xml

  The anatomic site of the primary disease represents an important variable that influences treatment and outcome. Extremities (43%), the trunk (10%), viscera (19%), retroperitoneum (15%), or head and neck (9%) are the most common primary sites. […] STS most commonly metastasizes to the lungs; tumors arising in the abdominal cavity more commonly metastasize to the liver and peritoneum. […] The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for STS address the management of STS in adult patients from the perspective of the following disease subtypes: STS of extremity, superficial/trunk, or head and neck; Retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal STS; GISTs; Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatoses); RMS. […] Before treatment initiation, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS.

• #56

  https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2020/02150/Sarcoma_Surveillance__A_Review_of_Current_Evidence.2.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cjaaos:2020:02150:00002%7C10.5435/jaaos-d-19-00002%7C

  After initial treatment of sarcoma, disease progression may occur in the form of local recurrence, pulmonary metastases, or extrapulmonary metastases. […] In general, they agree that follow-up should be more intense in the early years after treatment, especially for high-grade sarcomas, and continue for at least 10 years. […] For pulmonary metastasis, either radiograph or CT is recommended, with the latter having theoretical advantages but no proven survival benefit to date. […] Extrapulmonary metastases are rare in most sarcoma types, so the literature only supports extrapulmonary surveillance for certain diagnoses. […] Therefore, it is critical for providers to understand the existing research and guidelines to determine optimal surveillance strategies for their patients.

• #57 Surveillance Post Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/211

  The European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines is one example advocating for a binary low- vs. high-risk-based stratification. […] The 2021 US NCNN guidelines stipulate patient assessment at 3–6 months for 2–3 years, followed by every six months until the fifth year and annually thereafter. […] The TARPSWG guidance consists of a consensus document that advocates for lifelong surveillance following RPS resection given the disease’s enduring potential risk of recurrence. […] The ESMO guidelines do not differentiate recommendations for RPS from other sarcomas. […] Ongoing post-operative follow-up for patients with resected retroperitoneal sarcoma is routine internationally, but with substantial variation in practice, reflecting the current paucity of high-quality evidence to guide practice. More high-quality prospective research is needed and planned to more clearly support surveillance approaches that balance oncologic outcomes, patient-centric care, and health service value. Risk stratification tools exist and are available for use in routine practice. Their use will likely support more individualised post-operative surveillance moving forward.

• #58 Surveillance Post Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/211

  The European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines is one example advocating for a binary low- vs. high-risk-based stratification. […] The 2021 US NCNN guidelines stipulate patient assessment at 3–6 months for 2–3 years, followed by every six months until the fifth year and annually thereafter. […] The TARPSWG guidance consists of a consensus document that advocates for lifelong surveillance following RPS resection given the disease’s enduring potential risk of recurrence. […] The ESMO guidelines do not differentiate recommendations for RPS from other sarcomas. […] Ongoing post-operative follow-up for patients with resected retroperitoneal sarcoma is routine internationally, but with substantial variation in practice, reflecting the current paucity of high-quality evidence to guide practice. More high-quality prospective research is needed and planned to more clearly support surveillance approaches that balance oncologic outcomes, patient-centric care, and health service value. Risk stratification tools exist and are available for use in routine practice. Their use will likely support more individualised post-operative surveillance moving forward.

• #59 Follow-up Strategies for Primary Extremity Soft-tissue Sarcoma in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/3057

  A variety of follow-up schedules have been reported in recently published literature. […] The aim of follow-up after treatment for STS is early detection of LR and DM, because LR is observed in 40-60% of patients after therapy of eSTS. […] The guidelines issued by the ESMO make a distinction between low- and high-grade eSTS. […] For low-grade eSTS, the guidelines suggest radiological imaging and clinical investigation of the primary tumor site every 4 to 6 months for a period of 3 to 5 years, and annually thereafter. […] For high-grade eSTS, the guidelines recommend follow-up intervals of 3 to 4 months for 2 to 3 years, and 6-month intervals until 5 years after treatment. […] Follow-up investigations should be ideally performed at 3- to 4-month intervals for the first 2 years after surgery, and at 6-month intervals until the fifth year.

• #60 Follow-up Strategies for Primary Extremity Soft-tissue Sarcoma in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/3057

  A variety of follow-up schedules have been reported in recently published literature. […] The aim of follow-up after treatment for STS is early detection of LR and DM, because LR is observed in 40-60% of patients after therapy of eSTS. […] The guidelines issued by the ESMO make a distinction between low- and high-grade eSTS. […] For low-grade eSTS, the guidelines suggest radiological imaging and clinical investigation of the primary tumor site every 4 to 6 months for a period of 3 to 5 years, and annually thereafter. […] For high-grade eSTS, the guidelines recommend follow-up intervals of 3 to 4 months for 2 to 3 years, and 6-month intervals until 5 years after treatment. […] Follow-up investigations should be ideally performed at 3- to 4-month intervals for the first 2 years after surgery, and at 6-month intervals until the fifth year.

• #61 Surveillance Post Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/211

  The European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines is one example advocating for a binary low- vs. high-risk-based stratification. […] The 2021 US NCNN guidelines stipulate patient assessment at 3–6 months for 2–3 years, followed by every six months until the fifth year and annually thereafter. […] The TARPSWG guidance consists of a consensus document that advocates for lifelong surveillance following RPS resection given the disease’s enduring potential risk of recurrence. […] The ESMO guidelines do not differentiate recommendations for RPS from other sarcomas. […] Ongoing post-operative follow-up for patients with resected retroperitoneal sarcoma is routine internationally, but with substantial variation in practice, reflecting the current paucity of high-quality evidence to guide practice. More high-quality prospective research is needed and planned to more clearly support surveillance approaches that balance oncologic outcomes, patient-centric care, and health service value. Risk stratification tools exist and are available for use in routine practice. Their use will likely support more individualised post-operative surveillance moving forward.

• #62 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 20 Issue 7 (2022)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/20/7/article-p815.xml

  Before start of treatment, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS. Because STS is rare and often complex, adherence to evidence-based recommendations is particularly important. Analysis of data from 15,957 patients with STS in the National Cancer Database showed that NCCN Guidelines-adherent treatment was associated with improved survival outcomes. […] Patients are recommended to undergo a follow-up physical examination with imaging (chest/abdominal/pelvic CT [preferred] or MRI) every 3 to 6 months for 2 to 3 years, then every 6 months for the next 2 years, and then annually, following management of primary disease.

• #63 Surveillance Post Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

  https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/211

  The European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines is one example advocating for a binary low- vs. high-risk-based stratification. […] The 2021 US NCNN guidelines stipulate patient assessment at 3–6 months for 2–3 years, followed by every six months until the fifth year and annually thereafter. […] The TARPSWG guidance consists of a consensus document that advocates for lifelong surveillance following RPS resection given the disease’s enduring potential risk of recurrence. […] The ESMO guidelines do not differentiate recommendations for RPS from other sarcomas. […] Ongoing post-operative follow-up for patients with resected retroperitoneal sarcoma is routine internationally, but with substantial variation in practice, reflecting the current paucity of high-quality evidence to guide practice. More high-quality prospective research is needed and planned to more clearly support surveillance approaches that balance oncologic outcomes, patient-centric care, and health service value. Risk stratification tools exist and are available for use in routine practice. Their use will likely support more individualised post-operative surveillance moving forward.

• #64

  https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2020/02150/Sarcoma_Surveillance__A_Review_of_Current_Evidence.2.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cjaaos:2020:02150:00002%7C10.5435/jaaos-d-19-00002%7C

  After initial treatment of sarcoma, disease progression may occur in the form of local recurrence, pulmonary metastases, or extrapulmonary metastases. […] In general, they agree that follow-up should be more intense in the early years after treatment, especially for high-grade sarcomas, and continue for at least 10 years. […] For pulmonary metastasis, either radiograph or CT is recommended, with the latter having theoretical advantages but no proven survival benefit to date. […] Extrapulmonary metastases are rare in most sarcoma types, so the literature only supports extrapulmonary surveillance for certain diagnoses. […] Therefore, it is critical for providers to understand the existing research and guidelines to determine optimal surveillance strategies for their patients.

• #65 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  The applicability of computed tomography (CT) scanning in STS imaging is quite constrained. […] A combination of focal MRI and a chest CT scan of the lungs may be used to detect local recurrence and lung metastases, according to the most recent clinical guidelines from the European Society for Medical Oncology. […] MRI is a crucial part of regular surveillance since it can detect more than one-third of local recurrences before signs and symptoms manifest. […] The management of the local recurrence of a STS is a challenging therapeutic issue. […] Early detection of local recurrence and distant metastases may allow for more effective therapy and may improve the chances of long-term survival.

• #66 MRI Surveillance After Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Surgery Detects Local Recurrence | Applied Radiation Oncology

  https://www.appliedradiationoncology.com/articles/mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-surgery-detects-local-recurrence

  MRI-based surveillance after surgical treatment of musculoskeletal soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) shows utility for detecting clinically occult local recurrences (LRs), potentially improving patient outcomes, according to a study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR). […] A survival benefit could be associated with imaging use, but further research is needed to evaluate the causality of any observed survival differences. […] Ultimately, when MRI-based surveillance of musculoskeletal STSs was used at a high intensity, 53% (95% CI, 3671%) of LRs were discovered with MRI. […] Four studies reported trends toward better survival for imaging-detected LRs or with more frequent imaging use. […] Although definite conclusions on the value of MRI-based surveillance are challenging to draw, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on the topic, the authors wrote.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/jaaos/Fulltext/2020/02150/Sarcoma_Surveillance__A_Review_of_Current_Evidence.2.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cjaaos:2020:02150:00002%7C10.5435/jaaos-d-19-00002%7C

  After initial treatment of sarcoma, disease progression may occur in the form of local recurrence, pulmonary metastases, or extrapulmonary metastases. […] In general, they agree that follow-up should be more intense in the early years after treatment, especially for high-grade sarcomas, and continue for at least 10 years. […] For pulmonary metastasis, either radiograph or CT is recommended, with the latter having theoretical advantages but no proven survival benefit to date. […] Extrapulmonary metastases are rare in most sarcoma types, so the literature only supports extrapulmonary surveillance for certain diagnoses. […] Therefore, it is critical for providers to understand the existing research and guidelines to determine optimal surveillance strategies for their patients.

• #68 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 16 Issue 5 (2018)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/16/5/article-p536.xml

  Analysis of data from 15,957 patients with STS in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) showed that NCCN Guidelines-adherent treatment was associated with improved survival outcomes. […] Surveillance is deemed important to detect recurrences that might still be potentially curable. However, very limited data are available in the literature on effective surveillance strategies. […] Because patient risk never returns to zero, long-term follow-up is indicated, including consideration of MRI or CT scan. […] A retrospective review examined surveillance imaging in 94 patients with intermediate or high-grade localized extremity/trunk STS who underwent radical resection and RT. […] The authors concluded that surveillance chest imaging may be most useful for the detection of asymptomatic distant recurrence (ie, in the lung), while primary site imaging may only be useful for patients at high risk of LR.

• #69 The impact and efficacy of surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0253.R1

  In this cross sectional study, the impact and the efficacy of a surveillance programme for sarcomas of the extremities was analysed. […] The surveillance programme accounts for 14% of all review appointments. […] Surveillance of sarcoma patients makes up a substantial amount of the workload of a sarcoma unit. The chance of cure following identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease, however, is small. […] Although chest radiographs are good in identifying metastatic disease, local recurrence is usually identified by the patient. […] The chance of cure following the identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease is small. […] This study showed that 14% of the follow up appointments at our institution are for the surveillance of patients who had treatment for a high-grade sarcoma of the extremities. […] Despite a significant use of resources, the overall efficacy of the surveillance programme is low.

• #70 MRI Surveillance After Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Surgery Detects Local Recurrence | Applied Radiation Oncology

  https://www.appliedradiationoncology.com/articles/mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-surgery-detects-local-recurrence

  MRI-based surveillance after surgical treatment of musculoskeletal soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) shows utility for detecting clinically occult local recurrences (LRs), potentially improving patient outcomes, according to a study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR). […] A survival benefit could be associated with imaging use, but further research is needed to evaluate the causality of any observed survival differences. […] Ultimately, when MRI-based surveillance of musculoskeletal STSs was used at a high intensity, 53% (95% CI, 3671%) of LRs were discovered with MRI. […] Four studies reported trends toward better survival for imaging-detected LRs or with more frequent imaging use. […] Although definite conclusions on the value of MRI-based surveillance are challenging to draw, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on the topic, the authors wrote.

• #71 The impact and efficacy of surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0253.R1

  In this cross sectional study, the impact and the efficacy of a surveillance programme for sarcomas of the extremities was analysed. […] The surveillance programme accounts for 14% of all review appointments. […] Surveillance of sarcoma patients makes up a substantial amount of the workload of a sarcoma unit. The chance of cure following identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease, however, is small. […] Although chest radiographs are good in identifying metastatic disease, local recurrence is usually identified by the patient. […] The chance of cure following the identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease is small. […] This study showed that 14% of the follow up appointments at our institution are for the surveillance of patients who had treatment for a high-grade sarcoma of the extremities. […] Despite a significant use of resources, the overall efficacy of the surveillance programme is low.

• #72 The impact and efficacy of surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0253.R1

  In this cross sectional study, the impact and the efficacy of a surveillance programme for sarcomas of the extremities was analysed. […] The surveillance programme accounts for 14% of all review appointments. […] Surveillance of sarcoma patients makes up a substantial amount of the workload of a sarcoma unit. The chance of cure following identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease, however, is small. […] Although chest radiographs are good in identifying metastatic disease, local recurrence is usually identified by the patient. […] The chance of cure following the identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease is small. […] This study showed that 14% of the follow up appointments at our institution are for the surveillance of patients who had treatment for a high-grade sarcoma of the extremities. […] Despite a significant use of resources, the overall efficacy of the surveillance programme is low.

• #73 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  The applicability of computed tomography (CT) scanning in STS imaging is quite constrained. […] A combination of focal MRI and a chest CT scan of the lungs may be used to detect local recurrence and lung metastases, according to the most recent clinical guidelines from the European Society for Medical Oncology. […] MRI is a crucial part of regular surveillance since it can detect more than one-third of local recurrences before signs and symptoms manifest. […] The management of the local recurrence of a STS is a challenging therapeutic issue. […] Early detection of local recurrence and distant metastases may allow for more effective therapy and may improve the chances of long-term survival.

• #74 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  Patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) present a number of challenges for physicians, due to the vast array of subtypes and aggressive tumor biology. […] There is currently no agreed-upon management strategy for these tumors, which has led to the ongoing debate surrounding how frequently surveillance scans should be performed following surgery. However, advances in multidisciplinary care have improved patient outcomes over recent years. […] The early detection of local recurrence reflects a more aggressive tumor, even in association with the same histopathologic entity. […] The higher survival rate following late recurrence may be explained by variations in tumor biology. Since long-term survival is, in fact, inferior in patients with high-grade STS, this necessitates the implementation of an active surveillance approach.

• #75 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Poor prognostic factors in adults with soft tissue sarcomas include age older than 60 years, tumor size larger than 5 cm, high histological grade, advanced pathological stage at diagnosis, and positive tumor margins after surgery. […] Small low-grade tumors, particularly in the trunk or extremities, are frequently curable by surgery alone. Higher-grade sarcomas are associated with higher local-treatment failure rates and increased metastatic potential. […] PET and CT imaging may have higher sensitivity than contrast-enhanced CT imaging when recurrent sarcoma is suspected. […] More than 80% of the relapses occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up. […] This study supports imaging surveillance for detection of lung metastases. Local recurrences at the primary site were usually detected by clinical examination.

• #76 Is Soft Tissue Sarcoma Terminal? Survival Rate, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/is_soft_tissue_sarcoma_terminal/article.htm

  According to the National Cancer Institute and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, people with soft tissue sarcoma had a five-year survival rate of 65 percent. However, this varies depending on where the cancer was discovered. […] Localized sarcomas account for approximately 60 percent of all sarcomas. Localized sarcoma has an 81 percent five-year survival rate. […] Approximately 19 percent of sarcomas are reported to be in a locally advanced stage. Locally advanced sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 56 percent. […] About 15 percent of sarcomas are found to be metastatic. Metastatic sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 15 percent. […] Soft tissue sarcomas can be fatal, with only 50 to 60 percent of people alive five years after being identified or treated. […] The most prevalent cause of mortality in soft tissue sarcoma patients is metastasis (or spread) to the lungs. […] These life-threatening lung metastases arise in 80 percent of affected patients between two and three years following initial diagnosis.

• #77 Types of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Location, Incidence Rates, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/types-of-soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare cancers that develop in soft tissues, such as muscle, fat, or nerves. They can develop in almost any part of your body. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 13,400 people in the United States will receive a soft tissue sarcoma diagnosis in 2023. […] In the United States, based on data collected from 2015-2019, the rate of new cases of soft tissue sarcoma was about 3.4 per 100,000 people per year. […] The 5-year relative survival rate of people with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma in the United States from 2010-2016 was 65% based on the National Cancer Institutes SEER data. […] In a 2018 study, researchers reported the survival rates of people in four European countries with a diagnosis of six subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma and an other category. Researchers reported the lowest survival rate among people with synovial sarcoma and the second lowest in people with liposarcoma.

• #78 Survival statistics for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  Survival statistics for soft tissue sarcoma are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular persons chances of survival. […] In Canada, the 5-year net survival for soft tissue sarcoma is 61%. This means that about 61% of people diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma will survive at least 5 years. […] Survival varies with each stage of soft tissue sarcoma. Generally, the earlier soft tissue sarcoma is diagnosed and treated, the better the outcome. […] Survival by stage of soft tissue sarcoma is reported as 5-year relative survival. Relative survival looks at how likely people with cancer are to survive after their diagnosis compared to people in the general population who do not have cancer, but who share similar characteristics (such as age and sex).

• #79 Soft tissue sarcoma: Stats and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-common-is-soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Research suggests STS affects males more than females, although the ratios vary depending on the type. […] The survival rate for STS depends on whether the cancer is localized or has spread to other parts of the body. […] According to the ACS, the 5-year survival rate for localized soft tissue sarcoma is 81%. […] For people with cancer that has spread to nearby structures and distant parts of the body, the 5-year survival rates are 56% and 15%, respectively. […] Studies have shown a low prevalence of this condition. However, it is possible that the prevalence rates are inaccurate, given the high chance of misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.

• #80 Is Soft Tissue Sarcoma Terminal? Survival Rate, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/is_soft_tissue_sarcoma_terminal/article.htm

  According to the National Cancer Institute and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, people with soft tissue sarcoma had a five-year survival rate of 65 percent. However, this varies depending on where the cancer was discovered. […] Localized sarcomas account for approximately 60 percent of all sarcomas. Localized sarcoma has an 81 percent five-year survival rate. […] Approximately 19 percent of sarcomas are reported to be in a locally advanced stage. Locally advanced sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 56 percent. […] About 15 percent of sarcomas are found to be metastatic. Metastatic sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 15 percent. […] Soft tissue sarcomas can be fatal, with only 50 to 60 percent of people alive five years after being identified or treated. […] The most prevalent cause of mortality in soft tissue sarcoma patients is metastasis (or spread) to the lungs. […] These life-threatening lung metastases arise in 80 percent of affected patients between two and three years following initial diagnosis.

• #81 Survival statistics for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  There are no specific Canadian statistics available for the different stages of soft tissue sarcoma. […] localized cancer is only in one area of the body 80% […] regional cancer has grown into nearby areas around where it started 58% […] metastatic (distant) cancer has spread to other parts of the body 16%.

• #82 Is Soft Tissue Sarcoma Terminal? Survival Rate, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/is_soft_tissue_sarcoma_terminal/article.htm

  According to the National Cancer Institute and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, people with soft tissue sarcoma had a five-year survival rate of 65 percent. However, this varies depending on where the cancer was discovered. […] Localized sarcomas account for approximately 60 percent of all sarcomas. Localized sarcoma has an 81 percent five-year survival rate. […] Approximately 19 percent of sarcomas are reported to be in a locally advanced stage. Locally advanced sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 56 percent. […] About 15 percent of sarcomas are found to be metastatic. Metastatic sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 15 percent. […] Soft tissue sarcomas can be fatal, with only 50 to 60 percent of people alive five years after being identified or treated. […] The most prevalent cause of mortality in soft tissue sarcoma patients is metastasis (or spread) to the lungs. […] These life-threatening lung metastases arise in 80 percent of affected patients between two and three years following initial diagnosis.

• #83 Survival statistics for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  There are no specific Canadian statistics available for the different stages of soft tissue sarcoma. […] localized cancer is only in one area of the body 80% […] regional cancer has grown into nearby areas around where it started 58% […] metastatic (distant) cancer has spread to other parts of the body 16%.

• #84 Is Soft Tissue Sarcoma Terminal? Survival Rate, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/is_soft_tissue_sarcoma_terminal/article.htm

  According to the National Cancer Institute and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, people with soft tissue sarcoma had a five-year survival rate of 65 percent. However, this varies depending on where the cancer was discovered. […] Localized sarcomas account for approximately 60 percent of all sarcomas. Localized sarcoma has an 81 percent five-year survival rate. […] Approximately 19 percent of sarcomas are reported to be in a locally advanced stage. Locally advanced sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 56 percent. […] About 15 percent of sarcomas are found to be metastatic. Metastatic sarcoma has a five-year survival rate of about 15 percent. […] Soft tissue sarcomas can be fatal, with only 50 to 60 percent of people alive five years after being identified or treated. […] The most prevalent cause of mortality in soft tissue sarcoma patients is metastasis (or spread) to the lungs. […] These life-threatening lung metastases arise in 80 percent of affected patients between two and three years following initial diagnosis.

• #85 Survival statistics for soft tissue sarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics

  There are no specific Canadian statistics available for the different stages of soft tissue sarcoma. […] localized cancer is only in one area of the body 80% […] regional cancer has grown into nearby areas around where it started 58% […] metastatic (distant) cancer has spread to other parts of the body 16%.

• #86 Characteristics and Treatment Patterns of Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Korea

  https://www.e-crt.org/journal/view.php?number=2964

  A soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare type of cancer, accounting for 1% of adult solid cancers. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of localized and advanced STS in Korean patients, their treatment patterns, and the survival of patients by disease status. […] A total of 7,813 patients were diagnosed with STS from 2007 to 2014, 4,307 were localized STS and 3,506 advanced STS cases. The total incidence of STS was 2.49 per 100,000 person-years: 1.37 per 100,000 person-years for localized STS and 1.12 per 100,000 person-years for advanced STS. The 5-year survival rate after diagnosis was 56.4% for all STS, 82.4% for localized, and 27.2% for advanced STS. […] This study provides insights into localized and advanced STS epidemiology, treatment patterns and outcomes in Korea, which could be used as fundamental data in improving clinical outcomes of STS patients in the future.

• #87 Descriptive epidemiology of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Thailand | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15711-8

  This study aimed to analyze burden of STS and GIST in population and survival rate which represented the current situation of treatment in Thailand. The data was collected from five population-based cancer registries around the country for the period 2001 through 2015. During the study period, 4080 cases of STS and 457 cases of GIST were reported. The ASR of STS and GIST was 2.14/100,000 person-years and 0.22/100,000 person-years, respectively. The overall ASR of STS in Thailand was relatively low compared to Western countries. The five-year survival rate was 62.6% for STS and 63.4% for GIST, which was comparable to the rates reported in other countries. This study is the first report of the incidence rate of STS and GIST in Thailand. The age-standardized overall incidence rate of STS in Thailand during 2001-2015 (2.14/100,000 person-years) was close to that in Japan (2.0/100,000 person-years) but relatively low compared to Taiwan (3.8/100,000 person-years) and Western countries (4.25-5.8/100,000 person-years). The survival rates of STS and GIST patients in Thailand were comparable to the rates reported in other countries. The five-year survival rate for STS overall in our country was 62.6% compared to 52-62.9% in other countries. The 5-year survival rate was 63.4% for GIST compared to 63.6-67.7% in other countries. […] The overall survival rates of STS and GIST are comparable to those reported from others.

• #88 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Poor prognostic factors in adults with soft tissue sarcomas include age older than 60 years, tumor size larger than 5 cm, high histological grade, advanced pathological stage at diagnosis, and positive tumor margins after surgery. […] Small low-grade tumors, particularly in the trunk or extremities, are frequently curable by surgery alone. Higher-grade sarcomas are associated with higher local-treatment failure rates and increased metastatic potential. […] PET and CT imaging may have higher sensitivity than contrast-enhanced CT imaging when recurrent sarcoma is suspected. […] More than 80% of the relapses occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up. […] This study supports imaging surveillance for detection of lung metastases. Local recurrences at the primary site were usually detected by clinical examination.

• #89 Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/soft-tissue-sarcoma/hp/adult-soft-tissue-treatment-pdq

  Poor prognostic factors in adults with soft tissue sarcomas include age older than 60 years, tumor size larger than 5 cm, high histological grade, advanced pathological stage at diagnosis, and positive tumor margins after surgery. […] Small low-grade tumors, particularly in the trunk or extremities, are frequently curable by surgery alone. Higher-grade sarcomas are associated with higher local-treatment failure rates and increased metastatic potential. […] PET and CT imaging may have higher sensitivity than contrast-enhanced CT imaging when recurrent sarcoma is suspected. […] More than 80% of the relapses occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up. […] This study supports imaging surveillance for detection of lung metastases. Local recurrences at the primary site were usually detected by clinical examination.

• #90 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  However, postoperative local recurrence rates of STS have decreased to between 7 and 15% because of advanced imaging modalities, neoadjuvant therapy, adjuvant radiation, and effective limb salvage procedures. […] Local recurrence is defined as tumor relapse in the operative field following resection according to follow-up radiographic evidence, a physical exam, or self-reported symptoms. […] Early diagnosis is key to managing local recurrence, and imaging techniques have been suggested as a way to identify high-risk patients at an earlier stage. […] In extremity STS, local recurrence has been linked to an increased risk of distant metastasis and a lower survival rate. […] The current methods of STS screening are based on an understanding of the condition, available treatments, and worldwide guidelines according to the updated results of the randomized TOSS study and SAFETY trial; nevertheless, even these guidelines lack precise recommendations and are frequently based on consensus rather than randomized controlled studies.

• #91 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  Local recurrence, metastasis, and death are examples of treatment failures related to STS. […] An assessment of the relationship between local recurrence and metastasis suggests several primary tumor treatment modalities. […] Malignancy grade, size, tumor depth, surgical margins, specific histological subtype, and tumor features are some of the prognostic variables associated with a higher risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. […] A comprehensive identification of patients at higher risk can aid in the creation of personalized monitoring programs. Early diagnosis of STS recurrence is crucial to provide the patient with a realistic second treatment opportunity. […] The local recurrence rates for STS are reported to range from 80 to 90% when a basic resection is carried out with insufficient or positive margins.

• #92 Epidemiology, pathological characteristics and survival of retroperitoneal soft‑tissue sarcomas compared with non‑retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2023.13887

  Retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcomas (RPS) are rare forms of mesenchymal tumors that account for ~0.15% of all malignancies. […] The current analysis focuses on all incident cases of soft-tissue sarcoma recorded by the Registry from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. […] RPS accounted for 22.8% of the total sample (92 out of 404 cases). […] The mean age at diagnosis was 67.6 years for RPS vs. 63.4 for non-RPS; 41.3% of RPS were 150 mm vs. 5.5% for non-RPS. […] Stages III and IV were more prevalent in RPS (53.2 vs. 35.6%), despite the fact that, in both groups, advanced stages are the most common onset at diagnosis. […] The 3-year mortality rate for retroperitoneum was 42.9 vs. 25.7%. […] Comparing RPS and non-RPS, the multivariable Cox model showed a hazard ratio of 1.58 after adjusting for all other prognostic factors.

• #93 Epidemiology, pathological characteristics and survival of retroperitoneal soft‑tissue sarcomas compared with non‑retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas

  https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2023.13887

  This study aims to verify the differences between RPS and non-RPS anatomopathological and clinical characteristics, determining whether the hazard ratio for short-term mortality differs between RPS and non-RPS patients, after adjusting for these variables. […] Analyzing STS survival by primary tumor site, Table II highlights that the retroperitoneum site has the overall highest short-term mortality compared to non-RPS sarcoma: 42.9 vs. 25.7% after 3 years from diagnosis. […] The results of the Cox regressions are presented in Table III. Comparing RPS and non-RPS groups, the unadjusted model estimated a statistically significant hazard ratio of 1.75 (95% C.I.: 1.20, 2.56) (P=0.004), indicating that RPS patients had an overall worse prognosis. […] RPS had a statistically lower survival than non-RPS, even after adjusting for other prognostic factors.

• #94 Types of Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Location, Incidence Rates, and Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/types-of-soft-tissue-sarcoma

  Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare cancers that develop in soft tissues, such as muscle, fat, or nerves. They can develop in almost any part of your body. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 13,400 people in the United States will receive a soft tissue sarcoma diagnosis in 2023. […] In the United States, based on data collected from 2015-2019, the rate of new cases of soft tissue sarcoma was about 3.4 per 100,000 people per year. […] The 5-year relative survival rate of people with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma in the United States from 2010-2016 was 65% based on the National Cancer Institutes SEER data. […] In a 2018 study, researchers reported the survival rates of people in four European countries with a diagnosis of six subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma and an other category. Researchers reported the lowest survival rate among people with synovial sarcoma and the second lowest in people with liposarcoma.

• #95 Soft tissue sarcoma statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/soft-tissue-sarcoma

  There are around 4,300 new soft tissue sarcoma cases in England every year, that’s around 12 every day (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for soft tissue sarcoma in the UK are highest in people aged 80-84 (1996-2010). […] Since 2013-2015, soft tissue sarcoma incidence rates have increased by 5% in England (2017-2019). […] Almost half (45%) of people diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma in the UK survive their disease for ten years or more, it is predicted (1996-2000). […] Soft tissue sarcoma ten-year survival in the UK is similar in females and males (1996-2000). […] 7 in 10 people in the UK diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma aged 35-39 survive their disease for five years or more, compared with 3 in 10 people diagnosed aged 85+ (2001-2005). […] Five-year relative survival for soft tissue sarcoma is generally similar to the European average in the UK. Further details on cancer survival in Europe can be found on the EUROCARE website. […] For soft tissue cancer, like other cancer sites, survival trends reflect a combination of changes in treatment and stage distribution. These factors themselves can vary by age, sex and deprivation.

• #96 Post-operative surveillance in soft tissue sarcoma: using tumorspecific recurrence patterns to direct approach – Zaidi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/20903/html

  Significant challenges exist in creating surveillance recommendations for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) given the vast heterogeneity of recurrence patterns between histologic subtypes. […] Although surveillance protocols have been developed in parallel with our growing knowledge of cancer biology, many of these surveillance programs lack evidence for their effectiveness in detecting local or distant recurrences at a treatable stage. This is especially true in soft tissue sarcoma (STS), where the complex heterogeneity of the disease presents particular challenges in crafting effective surveillance strategies. […] The natural history of STS is determined largely by the histologic subtype of tumor and the anatomic site of origin. […] To this end, national and international groups have recommended surveillance strategies that encompass the diverse tumor behaviors that STS subtypes may exhibit.

• #97 Post-operative surveillance in soft tissue sarcoma: using tumorspecific recurrence patterns to direct approach – Zaidi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/20903/html

  STS remains a rare malignancy even in centers specializing in cancer care, which makes crafting effective surveillance strategies difficult. […] Unique obstacles exist in creating surveillance strategies for STS due mainly to the diverse natural history and recurrence patterns between tumor subtypes. In recent years however, multiple groups have compiled extended follow-up data on the specific histologic subtypes of STS. In light of this data, we propose using tumor-specific protocols for postoperative surveillance centered around the histologic subtype of each tumor.

• #98 Follow-up Strategies for Primary Extremity Soft-tissue Sarcoma in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/3057

  The published literature reveals no clear consensus in regard to follow-up schedules. […] A strict schedule contributes to early detection of LR and DM, and also helps to provide timely psychological support for the patient. […] The risk of developing LR or DM is associated with numerous factors, such as histological STS subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, surgical margins, (neo-) adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and patient-related factors. […] The absence of a regular follow-up strategy may result in a large number of patient visits to the Outpatient Department, significant costs of health care, and mental stress for the patient. […] A comprehensive follow-up strategy should include local control as well as systemic surveillance. […] We conclude that patients with eSTS must be followed-up at specialized sarcoma centers, although this may signify a challenge for the patient in terms of distance and accessibility.

• #99

  https://www.healio.com/news/hematology-oncology/20180216/tumor-subtype-location-should-guide-mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-excision

  Routine MRI surveillance for local recurrence may translate into better oncologic outcome in extremity soft tissue sarcoma. […] All commenters acknowledged the lack of consensus recommendations due to the challenges of creating well-designed studies for sarcomas, a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies. […] Prior studies on this topic lacked randomized controlled data, and most of the available evidence in the literature highlight the limitations of MRI surveillance for local recurrence. […] National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for soft tissue sarcoma recommend considering postoperative baseline and periodic imaging for detection of local recurrence. […] The European Society for Medical Oncology recommends considering MRI or CT every 3 months to 4 months for intermediate- to high-grade tumors, and every 4 months to 6 months for low-grade sarcomas.

• #100 Post-operative surveillance in soft tissue sarcoma: using tumorspecific recurrence patterns to direct approach – Zaidi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/20903/html

  STS remains a rare malignancy even in centers specializing in cancer care, which makes crafting effective surveillance strategies difficult. […] Unique obstacles exist in creating surveillance strategies for STS due mainly to the diverse natural history and recurrence patterns between tumor subtypes. In recent years however, multiple groups have compiled extended follow-up data on the specific histologic subtypes of STS. In light of this data, we propose using tumor-specific protocols for postoperative surveillance centered around the histologic subtype of each tumor.

• #101 Metastatic Pattern Variance in Subtypes of Soft Tissue Sarcoma – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/ortho/journal.aspx?id=2512

  This study sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the metastatic patterns of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and their clinical course, using data from the SEER database on 2,553 patients who had metastases at diagnosis of STS. […] Extensive heterogeneity in rates of metastatic disease at presentation and organ involvement patterns was detected between different STS histologies. […] Histology-specific staging and surveillance guidelines are needed that account for the variable behavior of different STS subtypes. […] People with high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) have a 50% lifetime risk of developing metastases. […] Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital recently used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database maintained by the National Cancer Institute to evaluate metastatic patterns of STS, treatments, and survival.

• #102

  https://www.healio.com/news/hematology-oncology/20180216/tumor-subtype-location-should-guide-mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-excision

  Local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma is associated with distant metastases and mortality, so prompt detection is important to ensure optimal outcomes. […] There is a lack of consensus, however, about the role of MRI for surveillance after surgical excision. […] The results published in Sarcoma revealed a wide range of surveillance protocols, including clinic visits, X-rays, chest CT scans, local site imaging and blood tests. […] Excessive utilization of MRI is economically inefficient, and it also may expose patients to unnecessary biopsies and procedures. At the same time, strict avoidance of MRI may lead to delayed diagnoses, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. […] Routine MRI surveillance can detect a significant number of asymptomatic local recurrences in extremity soft tissue sarcoma.

• #103 Follow-up Strategies for Primary Extremity Soft-tissue Sarcoma in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/3057

  The published literature reveals no clear consensus in regard to follow-up schedules. […] A strict schedule contributes to early detection of LR and DM, and also helps to provide timely psychological support for the patient. […] The risk of developing LR or DM is associated with numerous factors, such as histological STS subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, surgical margins, (neo-) adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and patient-related factors. […] The absence of a regular follow-up strategy may result in a large number of patient visits to the Outpatient Department, significant costs of health care, and mental stress for the patient. […] A comprehensive follow-up strategy should include local control as well as systemic surveillance. […] We conclude that patients with eSTS must be followed-up at specialized sarcoma centers, although this may signify a challenge for the patient in terms of distance and accessibility.

• #104 MRI Surveillance After Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Surgery Detects Local Recurrence | Applied Radiation Oncology

  https://www.appliedradiationoncology.com/articles/mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-surgery-detects-local-recurrence

  MRI-based surveillance after surgical treatment of musculoskeletal soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) shows utility for detecting clinically occult local recurrences (LRs), potentially improving patient outcomes, according to a study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR). […] A survival benefit could be associated with imaging use, but further research is needed to evaluate the causality of any observed survival differences. […] Ultimately, when MRI-based surveillance of musculoskeletal STSs was used at a high intensity, 53% (95% CI, 3671%) of LRs were discovered with MRI. […] Four studies reported trends toward better survival for imaging-detected LRs or with more frequent imaging use. […] Although definite conclusions on the value of MRI-based surveillance are challenging to draw, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on the topic, the authors wrote.

• #105 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  Local recurrence, metastasis, and death are examples of treatment failures related to STS. […] An assessment of the relationship between local recurrence and metastasis suggests several primary tumor treatment modalities. […] Malignancy grade, size, tumor depth, surgical margins, specific histological subtype, and tumor features are some of the prognostic variables associated with a higher risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. […] A comprehensive identification of patients at higher risk can aid in the creation of personalized monitoring programs. Early diagnosis of STS recurrence is crucial to provide the patient with a realistic second treatment opportunity. […] The local recurrence rates for STS are reported to range from 80 to 90% when a basic resection is carried out with insufficient or positive margins.

• #106 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  Local recurrence, metastasis, and death are examples of treatment failures related to STS. […] An assessment of the relationship between local recurrence and metastasis suggests several primary tumor treatment modalities. […] Malignancy grade, size, tumor depth, surgical margins, specific histological subtype, and tumor features are some of the prognostic variables associated with a higher risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. […] A comprehensive identification of patients at higher risk can aid in the creation of personalized monitoring programs. Early diagnosis of STS recurrence is crucial to provide the patient with a realistic second treatment opportunity. […] The local recurrence rates for STS are reported to range from 80 to 90% when a basic resection is carried out with insufficient or positive margins.

• #107

  https://www.healio.com/news/hematology-oncology/20180216/tumor-subtype-location-should-guide-mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-excision

  In summary, use of periodic MRI surveillance for soft tissue sarcoma local recurrence should be guided by a case-by-case analysis based on relevant clinical data, tumor location and sarcoma subtype. […] It is important for providers to remain cognizant of the statistically low chance of discovering an asymptomatic local recurrence, as well as the possibility of false positives that may lead to unnecessary procedures.

• #108

  https://www.healio.com/news/hematology-oncology/20180216/tumor-subtype-location-should-guide-mri-surveillance-after-soft-tissue-sarcoma-excision

  In summary, use of periodic MRI surveillance for soft tissue sarcoma local recurrence should be guided by a case-by-case analysis based on relevant clinical data, tumor location and sarcoma subtype. […] It is important for providers to remain cognizant of the statistically low chance of discovering an asymptomatic local recurrence, as well as the possibility of false positives that may lead to unnecessary procedures.

• #109 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 20 Issue 7 (2022)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/20/7/article-p815.xml

  Before start of treatment, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS. Because STS is rare and often complex, adherence to evidence-based recommendations is particularly important. Analysis of data from 15,957 patients with STS in the National Cancer Database showed that NCCN Guidelines-adherent treatment was associated with improved survival outcomes. […] Patients are recommended to undergo a follow-up physical examination with imaging (chest/abdominal/pelvic CT [preferred] or MRI) every 3 to 6 months for 2 to 3 years, then every 6 months for the next 2 years, and then annually, following management of primary disease.

• #110 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 16 Issue 5 (2018)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/16/5/article-p536.xml

  The anatomic site of the primary disease represents an important variable that influences treatment and outcome. Extremities (43%), the trunk (10%), viscera (19%), retroperitoneum (15%), or head and neck (9%) are the most common primary sites. […] STS most commonly metastasizes to the lungs; tumors arising in the abdominal cavity more commonly metastasize to the liver and peritoneum. […] The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for STS address the management of STS in adult patients from the perspective of the following disease subtypes: STS of extremity, superficial/trunk, or head and neck; Retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal STS; GISTs; Desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatoses); RMS. […] Before treatment initiation, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS.

• #111 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 20 Issue 7 (2022)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/20/7/article-p815.xml

  Before start of treatment, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS. Because STS is rare and often complex, adherence to evidence-based recommendations is particularly important. Analysis of data from 15,957 patients with STS in the National Cancer Database showed that NCCN Guidelines-adherent treatment was associated with improved survival outcomes. […] Patients are recommended to undergo a follow-up physical examination with imaging (chest/abdominal/pelvic CT [preferred] or MRI) every 3 to 6 months for 2 to 3 years, then every 6 months for the next 2 years, and then annually, following management of primary disease.

• #112 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 20 Issue 7 (2022)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/20/7/article-p815.xml

  Before start of treatment, all patients should be evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team with extensive expertise and experience in the treatment of STS. Because STS is rare and often complex, adherence to evidence-based recommendations is particularly important. Analysis of data from 15,957 patients with STS in the National Cancer Database showed that NCCN Guidelines-adherent treatment was associated with improved survival outcomes. […] Patients are recommended to undergo a follow-up physical examination with imaging (chest/abdominal/pelvic CT [preferred] or MRI) every 3 to 6 months for 2 to 3 years, then every 6 months for the next 2 years, and then annually, following management of primary disease.

• #113 Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Version 2.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology in: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Volume 16 Issue 5 (2018)

  https://jnccn.org/abstract/journals/jnccn/16/5/article-p536.xml

  Analysis of data from 15,957 patients with STS in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) showed that NCCN Guidelines-adherent treatment was associated with improved survival outcomes. […] Surveillance is deemed important to detect recurrences that might still be potentially curable. However, very limited data are available in the literature on effective surveillance strategies. […] Because patient risk never returns to zero, long-term follow-up is indicated, including consideration of MRI or CT scan. […] A retrospective review examined surveillance imaging in 94 patients with intermediate or high-grade localized extremity/trunk STS who underwent radical resection and RT. […] The authors concluded that surveillance chest imaging may be most useful for the detection of asymptomatic distant recurrence (ie, in the lung), while primary site imaging may only be useful for patients at high risk of LR.

• #114 UK guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13569-016-0060-4

  Sarcomas are relatively uncommon tumours accounting for approximately 1% of all adult cancers. […] In 2010 around 3300 people were diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma in the UK, with around 90 cases in children under 15. […] Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a relatively uncommon group of malignancies. […] Regular follow-up is recommended to assess local control, development of metastatic disease, and any late-effects of treatment. […] An important aim in sarcoma management is early diagnosis and prompt referral. […] In the UK, any patient with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma should be referred to one of the specialist regional soft tissues sarcoma services, to be managed by a specialist sarcoma multidisciplinary team.

• #115 UK guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas | Clinical Sarcoma Research | Full Text

  https://clinicalsarcomaresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13569-016-0060-4

  Sarcomas are relatively uncommon tumours accounting for approximately 1% of all adult cancers. […] In 2010 around 3300 people were diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma in the UK, with around 90 cases in children under 15. […] Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a relatively uncommon group of malignancies. […] Regular follow-up is recommended to assess local control, development of metastatic disease, and any late-effects of treatment. […] An important aim in sarcoma management is early diagnosis and prompt referral. […] In the UK, any patient with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma should be referred to one of the specialist regional soft tissues sarcoma services, to be managed by a specialist sarcoma multidisciplinary team.

• #116 Follow-up Strategies for Primary Extremity Soft-tissue Sarcoma in Adults: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature | In Vivo

  https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/34/6/3057

  The published literature reveals no clear consensus in regard to follow-up schedules. […] A strict schedule contributes to early detection of LR and DM, and also helps to provide timely psychological support for the patient. […] The risk of developing LR or DM is associated with numerous factors, such as histological STS subtype, tumor grade, tumor size, surgical margins, (neo-) adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and patient-related factors. […] The absence of a regular follow-up strategy may result in a large number of patient visits to the Outpatient Department, significant costs of health care, and mental stress for the patient. […] A comprehensive follow-up strategy should include local control as well as systemic surveillance. […] We conclude that patients with eSTS must be followed-up at specialized sarcoma centers, although this may signify a challenge for the patient in terms of distance and accessibility.

• #117 Local recurrence management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma in: EFORT Open Reviews Volume 8 Issue 8 (2023)

  https://eor.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eor/8/8/EOR-23-0095.xml

  Patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) present a number of challenges for physicians, due to the vast array of subtypes and aggressive tumor biology. […] There is currently no agreed-upon management strategy for these tumors, which has led to the ongoing debate surrounding how frequently surveillance scans should be performed following surgery. However, advances in multidisciplinary care have improved patient outcomes over recent years. […] The early detection of local recurrence reflects a more aggressive tumor, even in association with the same histopathologic entity. […] The higher survival rate following late recurrence may be explained by variations in tumor biology. Since long-term survival is, in fact, inferior in patients with high-grade STS, this necessitates the implementation of an active surveillance approach.

• #118 Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Integrating Primary Care Recognition with Tertiary Care Center Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0801/p567.html

  Soft tissue sarcomas account for fewer than 1 percent of malignancies diagnosed annually in the United States. […] In 1997, only 7,000 new cases of these tumors were diagnosed in the United States. […] Fewer than one in 100 soft tissue masses seen by family physicians are found to be malignant, and only about one in three masses seen in cancer centers actually prove to be malignant. […] The only published population-based study on sarcomas is from the Southern Swedish Health Care Region. […] In this study, the reported annual incidence of 18 sarcomas per 1 million masses evaluated translates into one sarcoma seen every 15 to 20 years by a family physician with a panel of 2,500 patients. […] The World Health Organization recognizes 121 types of soft tissue sarcoma. […] Little information is available on the prevalence of sarcomas in primary care practice. […] A coordinated referral system can improve the prognosis for sarcomas. […] Regionalization of the Swedish health care system during the 1980s increased the likelihood that suspicious masses would be referred to cancer treatment centers.

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