Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0201/p185.html

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location and appearance of lesions. […] The differential diagnosis is lengthy, but the correct diagnosis can usually be made clinically by the characteristic distribution of lesions and varying course of the disease. […] If the diagnosis is uncertain, a biopsy demonstrating parakeratosis in the epidermis, plugged follicular ostia, and spongiosis can confirm the presence of seborrheic dermatitis. […] The diagnosis can be challenging in patients with darker skin, but the same principles apply.

• #2 The Diagnosis and Management of Seborrheic Dermatitis | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-overview-of-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-seborrheic-dermatitis-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that mostly affects young adults in areas rich in sebaceous glands (scalp, face, and trunk). […] The diagnosis of SD is usually clinical, and specific laboratory and/or instrumental investigations are seldom required. […] The diagnosis of SD is usually easy and based on clinical observation, and specific investigations are rarely required. […] Diagnosis of SD is usually easily made based on past history and typical clinical features. However, in selected cases, especially in more severe and/or recurrent forms, blood tests to rule out HIV infection, nutritional deficiencies, as well as dermatoscopy, useful to identify other dermatoses (eg, psoriasis or tinea capitis), are recommended.

• #3 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is made by physical examination. […] Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp must be differentiated from other disorders: Atopic dermatitis of the scalp: This disorder typically first manifests with fine, white, dry scaling rather than the greasy yellowish scale of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Diagnosis is made by examination.

• #4 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes and treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/seborrhoeic-dermatitis

  The diagnosis of seborrhoeic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location, appearance, and behaviour of the lesions. […] If the diagnosis is uncertain, a biopsy can be undertaken. This would typically show parakeratosis in the epidermis, plugged follicular ostia, and spongiosis in the case of seborrhoeic dermatitis. The dermis typically has a sparse, perivascular, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate. […] As Malassezia are a normal component of skin flora, their presence on microscopy of skin scrapings is not diagnostic.

• #5 Diagnosis and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25822272/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location and appearance of the lesions. […] The characteristic symptoms-scaling, erythema, and itching-occur most often on the scalp, face, chest, back, axilla, and groin. […] Treatment with antifungal agents such as topical ketoconazole is the mainstay of therapy for seborrheic dermatitis of the face and body. […] Antifungal shampoos (long-term) and topical corticosteroids (short-term) can be used as second-line agents for treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis.

• #6 Seborrheic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/

  Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common papulosquamous skin disease occurring predominantly in infancy and middle age, exhibiting distinct variations across these age groups. […] Because it often resembles other dermatoses, SD necessitates accurate differentiation. Notably, flexural surfaces typically display lesser scaling, with poorly defined margins. […] This activity delineates the nuanced manifestations of SD in infants, presenting as greasy scales on the scalp, reassuring clinicians about its typically mild, self-resolving nature within the first year of life. Conversely, the adult variant of SD showcases a relapsing and remitting disease pattern, significantly impacting quality of life. […] The distribution of lesions is the most important clinical feature of SD, with lesions occurring in areas where the skin is rich in sebaceous glands, especially on the scalp and face.

• #7 Differential Diagnosis of Seborrheic Dermatitis | Practice Updates

  https://clinicalinfobd.com/details/differential-diagnosis-of-seborrheic-dermatitis-nizoder

  Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (SD) is a very common chronic and/or relapsing inflammatory skin disorder presenting with a papulosquamous morphology in areas rich in sebaceous glands, particularly the scalp, face, and body folds. […] Diagnosis of SD is usually easily made based on past history and typical clinical features. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location and appearance of the lesions. […] The incidence of SD notably peaks in three age groups, in infancy between 2 weeks and 12 months of age, during adolescence, and between age 30 and 60 years during adulthood. […] In infants, SD presents as cradle cap yellowish, greasy and crusty skin on the scalp that is usually self-limited. […] In adolescents and adults, SD is a chronic or relapsing condition, often presents as flaky, greasy yellowish scales with erythematous skin in seborrhoeic areas such as the scalp, face (eyebrows, nasolabial folds, above the upper lip), ears, retro-auricular area, the upper chest and trunks. […] The face, scalp, and chest are the sites most commonly involved in Adult SD, with around 88%, 70%, and 27% of cases developing lesions in these areas, respectively. […] In addition to skin inflammation, SD can be associated with pruritus.

• #8 Seborrheic dermatitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352714

  To diagnose seborrheic dermatitis, your health care provider will likely talk with you about your symptoms and look at your skin. You may need to have a small piece of skin removed (biopsied) for study in a lab. This test helps rule out other conditions. […] Skin biopsy […] Your health care provider is likely to ask you a few questions. Being ready to answer them may free up time to go over any points you want to spend more time on. Your health care provider might ask: What are your symptoms, and when did you first notice them? Is this the first time you’ve had these symptoms, or have you had them before? How severe are your symptoms? Are they about the same all the time, getting worse, or sometimes better and sometimes worse? Do your symptoms affect your quality of life, including your ability to sleep? Have you tried any at-home treatments, such as creams, gels or shampoos? How often do you use these treatments? Does anything seem to help? Does anything seem to make your symptoms worse? What medications, vitamins or supplements are you taking? Have you been under stress lately or experienced major life changes?

• #9 Seborrheic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/

  It is not necessary to routinely investigate SD, but HIV serology should be expedited in cases of severe SD, especially where the onset is sudden. […] The following tests may be helpful in the diagnosis of SD and its associated pathologies: Potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination of skin scrapings, Swab for microscopy, culture, and sensitivities, Histology and direct immunofluorescence, HIV serology; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Serum zinc levels, Antinuclear antibodies (ANA); extractable nuclear antigens (ENA); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). […] The approach to treating SD varies according to the patients age and the distribution and severity of the condition. […] A Danish expert group recommended that authorities adopt topical antifungals as first-line treatment and agreed that topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors should only be used for significant symptoms and to manage moderate to severe flare-ups.

• #10 Seborrheic Dermatitis Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1108312-workup

  A clinical diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is usually made based on a history of waxing and waning severity and by the distribution of involvement upon examination. […] A skin biopsy may be needed in persons with exfoliative erythroderma, and a fungal culture can be used to rule out tinea capitis, although tinea capitis in the adult is rare. […] Dermatopathologic findings of seborrheic dermatitis are nonspecific, but they may present in an acute or chronic stage. In the acute stage, inflammation is noted perifollicularly and perivascularly. Spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia is often seen, as well as the classic finding, „shoulder parakeratosis, with parakeratosis around the follicular opening. Neutrophils are often seen in the crust at the margins. Chronic seborrheic dermatitis may appear similar to psoriasis, but psoriasis is distinguished by regular acanthosis, thinned rete ridges, exocytosis, parakeratosis, and an absence of spongiosis. Neutrophils may be seen in both diseases.

• #11 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes and treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/seborrhoeic-dermatitis

  The diagnosis of seborrhoeic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location, appearance, and behaviour of the lesions. […] If the diagnosis is uncertain, a biopsy can be undertaken. This would typically show parakeratosis in the epidermis, plugged follicular ostia, and spongiosis in the case of seborrhoeic dermatitis. The dermis typically has a sparse, perivascular, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate. […] As Malassezia are a normal component of skin flora, their presence on microscopy of skin scrapings is not diagnostic.

• #12 Seborrheic dermatitis: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-treatment

  Seborrheic dermatitis is one of many skin conditions that causes an itchy rash. A board-certified dermatologist can tell you which skin condition you have and create a treatment plan tailored to your needs. […] To diagnose this condition, your dermatologist will: Ask about your symptoms. Review your medical history with you, asking if you have allergies or other medical conditions. Look closely at the skin with signs of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Thats often all thats needed to diagnose seborrheic dermatitis or cradle cap (a type of seborrheic dermatitis that babies develop, usually on their scalp). […] However, some people have seborrheic dermatitis and another skin condition. For example, its possible to have both seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, which is often called sebopsoriasis. Having two skin conditions can make it difficult to clearly see each condition. If your dermatologist sees signs of two skin conditions, they may remove a small amount of skin. This procedure is called a skin biopsy. It can be performed during your office visit while you remain awake.

• #13 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes and treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/seborrhoeic-dermatitis

  The diagnosis of seborrhoeic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location, appearance, and behaviour of the lesions. […] If the diagnosis is uncertain, a biopsy can be undertaken. This would typically show parakeratosis in the epidermis, plugged follicular ostia, and spongiosis in the case of seborrhoeic dermatitis. The dermis typically has a sparse, perivascular, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate. […] As Malassezia are a normal component of skin flora, their presence on microscopy of skin scrapings is not diagnostic.

• #14 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  Pityriasis rosea, an itchy round or oval-shaped rash that typically resolves on its own […] Less commonly, a widespread rash that can mimic the patches of seborrheic dermatitis may be due to secondary syphilis. This is a worsening of primary syphilis, the sexually transmitted bacterial infection that usually begins as a sore at the infection site. […] Facial seborrheic dermatitis may also resemble the classic „butterfly rash” seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disorder in which the immune system damages connective tissues and the lining of blood vessels throughout the body. […] To differentiate among these conditions, a dermatologist may perform the following tests: […] Skin scraping/KOH test is used to check for fungal infections. Your healthcare provider will use a tool to scrape off a small amount of skin that then gets mixed with KOH (potassium hydroxide). The KOH destroys the skin cells so that only fungus, if present, is left.

• #15 Seborrheic Dermatitis Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1108312-workup

  A clinical diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is usually made based on a history of waxing and waning severity and by the distribution of involvement upon examination. […] A skin biopsy may be needed in persons with exfoliative erythroderma, and a fungal culture can be used to rule out tinea capitis, although tinea capitis in the adult is rare. […] Dermatopathologic findings of seborrheic dermatitis are nonspecific, but they may present in an acute or chronic stage. In the acute stage, inflammation is noted perifollicularly and perivascularly. Spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia is often seen, as well as the classic finding, „shoulder parakeratosis, with parakeratosis around the follicular opening. Neutrophils are often seen in the crust at the margins. Chronic seborrheic dermatitis may appear similar to psoriasis, but psoriasis is distinguished by regular acanthosis, thinned rete ridges, exocytosis, parakeratosis, and an absence of spongiosis. Neutrophils may be seen in both diseases.

• #16 Seborrheic dermatitis – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hospital-medicine/seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Immunocompetent patients with seborrheic dermatitis present similarly to those without HIV infection; however, an atypical and more extensive presentation is common in those infected with HIV. […] The diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is most commonly made by history and physical examination alone. […] When needed, a skin biopsy may help confirm the clinical suspicion of seborrheic dermatitis and rule out some diseases in the differential diagnosis (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). […] The following tests may be useful if questions still remain: A PAS stain performed on a skin biopsy may reveal fungal organisms in the stratum corneum. […] A KOH preparation of scale from the skin may show characteristic spaghetti and meatballs appearance of Malassezia spores and hyphae.

• #17 Seborrheic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/

  It is not necessary to routinely investigate SD, but HIV serology should be expedited in cases of severe SD, especially where the onset is sudden. […] The following tests may be helpful in the diagnosis of SD and its associated pathologies: Potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination of skin scrapings, Swab for microscopy, culture, and sensitivities, Histology and direct immunofluorescence, HIV serology; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Serum zinc levels, Antinuclear antibodies (ANA); extractable nuclear antigens (ENA); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). […] The approach to treating SD varies according to the patients age and the distribution and severity of the condition. […] A Danish expert group recommended that authorities adopt topical antifungals as first-line treatment and agreed that topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors should only be used for significant symptoms and to manage moderate to severe flare-ups.

• #18 Overview of Diagnosis and Management of Seborrheic Dermatitis

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/features/diagnosis-and-management-of-seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by itchy reddish or pink patches of skin with concomitant greasy-looking white or yellowish flakes or scales. […] A review of the available literature published from January 2017 to April 2022 on seborrheic dermatitis yielded information on the following recommended diagnostic strategies for the disorder: […] Given that seborrheic dermatitis could be a marker for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, blood tests may be necessary to identify underlying causes of the disorder. […] Dermatoscopy could help differentiate scalp seborrheic dermatitis from other common scaling disorders (eg, psoriasis or tinea capitis) according to specific dermoscopy hallmarks. […] Spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia are typically seen in the epidermis of acute seborrheic dermatitis cases. […] The investigators explained that sebutape/sebometry investigations, stratum corneum hydration/skin surface pH measurements, and microscopic/culture identifications can provide useful information to define some epidemiological and etiopathogenetic aspects of seborrheic dermatitis.

• #19 Overview of Diagnosis and Management of Seborrheic Dermatitis

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/features/diagnosis-and-management-of-seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by itchy reddish or pink patches of skin with concomitant greasy-looking white or yellowish flakes or scales. […] A review of the available literature published from January 2017 to April 2022 on seborrheic dermatitis yielded information on the following recommended diagnostic strategies for the disorder: […] Given that seborrheic dermatitis could be a marker for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, blood tests may be necessary to identify underlying causes of the disorder. […] Dermatoscopy could help differentiate scalp seborrheic dermatitis from other common scaling disorders (eg, psoriasis or tinea capitis) according to specific dermoscopy hallmarks. […] Spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia are typically seen in the epidermis of acute seborrheic dermatitis cases. […] The investigators explained that sebutape/sebometry investigations, stratum corneum hydration/skin surface pH measurements, and microscopic/culture identifications can provide useful information to define some epidemiological and etiopathogenetic aspects of seborrheic dermatitis.

• #20 Differential Diagnosis of Seborrheic Dermatitis | Practice Updates

  https://clinicalinfobd.com/details/differential-diagnosis-of-seborrheic-dermatitis-nizoder

  Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (SD) is a very common chronic and/or relapsing inflammatory skin disorder presenting with a papulosquamous morphology in areas rich in sebaceous glands, particularly the scalp, face, and body folds. […] Diagnosis of SD is usually easily made based on past history and typical clinical features. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location and appearance of the lesions. […] The incidence of SD notably peaks in three age groups, in infancy between 2 weeks and 12 months of age, during adolescence, and between age 30 and 60 years during adulthood. […] In infants, SD presents as cradle cap yellowish, greasy and crusty skin on the scalp that is usually self-limited. […] In adolescents and adults, SD is a chronic or relapsing condition, often presents as flaky, greasy yellowish scales with erythematous skin in seborrhoeic areas such as the scalp, face (eyebrows, nasolabial folds, above the upper lip), ears, retro-auricular area, the upper chest and trunks. […] The face, scalp, and chest are the sites most commonly involved in Adult SD, with around 88%, 70%, and 27% of cases developing lesions in these areas, respectively. […] In addition to skin inflammation, SD can be associated with pruritus.

• #21 Seborrheic Dermatitis Symptoms, Causes, And Treatments

  https://www.westlakedermatology.com/blog/seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD) is common skin condition known for its chronic and recurrent nature. […] Understanding seborrheic dermatitis is the first step towards managing it effectively. […] In this blog post, we delve into the causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for this skin condition. […] SD is typically diagnosed through a visual inspection of the skin, based several factors such as the location, appearance, and behavior of the lesions. If the diagnosis is uncertain, a skin biopsy can be performed. However, the presence of Malassezia yeast on skin scrapings is not diagnostic, as it is a standard component of skin flora. […] For treatment to be effective, SD needs to be differentiated from several other skin conditions that have similar characteristics, including: Eczema, Candidiasis, Contact Dermatitis, Erythrasma, Impetigo, Psoriasis, Rosacea.

• #22 Seborrheic Dermatitis Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1108312-workup

  A clinical diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is usually made based on a history of waxing and waning severity and by the distribution of involvement upon examination. […] A skin biopsy may be needed in persons with exfoliative erythroderma, and a fungal culture can be used to rule out tinea capitis, although tinea capitis in the adult is rare. […] Dermatopathologic findings of seborrheic dermatitis are nonspecific, but they may present in an acute or chronic stage. In the acute stage, inflammation is noted perifollicularly and perivascularly. Spongiosis and psoriasiform hyperplasia is often seen, as well as the classic finding, „shoulder parakeratosis, with parakeratosis around the follicular opening. Neutrophils are often seen in the crust at the margins. Chronic seborrheic dermatitis may appear similar to psoriasis, but psoriasis is distinguished by regular acanthosis, thinned rete ridges, exocytosis, parakeratosis, and an absence of spongiosis. Neutrophils may be seen in both diseases.

• #23 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis is made by physical examination. […] Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp must be differentiated from other disorders: Atopic dermatitis of the scalp: This disorder typically first manifests with fine, white, dry scaling rather than the greasy yellowish scale of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Diagnosis is made by examination.

• #24 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  How Seborrheic Dermatitis Is Diagnosed […] A skin specialist called a dermatologist or another healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. They can usually diagnose seborrheic dermatitis based on its appearance. […] There are other common skin conditions that can cause symptoms similar to those seen in seborrheic dermatitis. These include: […] Psoriasis: A skin condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing patches anywhere on the body […] Rosacea, a chronic condition characterized by discoloration (a change in skin tone such as redness or darkening), and bumps on the face […] Allergic contact dermatitis, or an allergic skin reaction after coming in contact with an allergen […] Tinea versicolor fungal infection, which is caused by yeast in the Malassezia family

• #25 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  How Seborrheic Dermatitis Is Diagnosed […] A skin specialist called a dermatologist or another healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. They can usually diagnose seborrheic dermatitis based on its appearance. […] There are other common skin conditions that can cause symptoms similar to those seen in seborrheic dermatitis. These include: […] Psoriasis: A skin condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing patches anywhere on the body […] Rosacea, a chronic condition characterized by discoloration (a change in skin tone such as redness or darkening), and bumps on the face […] Allergic contact dermatitis, or an allergic skin reaction after coming in contact with an allergen […] Tinea versicolor fungal infection, which is caused by yeast in the Malassezia family

• #26 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  How Seborrheic Dermatitis Is Diagnosed […] A skin specialist called a dermatologist or another healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. They can usually diagnose seborrheic dermatitis based on its appearance. […] There are other common skin conditions that can cause symptoms similar to those seen in seborrheic dermatitis. These include: […] Psoriasis: A skin condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing patches anywhere on the body […] Rosacea, a chronic condition characterized by discoloration (a change in skin tone such as redness or darkening), and bumps on the face […] Allergic contact dermatitis, or an allergic skin reaction after coming in contact with an allergen […] Tinea versicolor fungal infection, which is caused by yeast in the Malassezia family

• #27 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  Pityriasis rosea, an itchy round or oval-shaped rash that typically resolves on its own […] Less commonly, a widespread rash that can mimic the patches of seborrheic dermatitis may be due to secondary syphilis. This is a worsening of primary syphilis, the sexually transmitted bacterial infection that usually begins as a sore at the infection site. […] Facial seborrheic dermatitis may also resemble the classic „butterfly rash” seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disorder in which the immune system damages connective tissues and the lining of blood vessels throughout the body. […] To differentiate among these conditions, a dermatologist may perform the following tests: […] Skin scraping/KOH test is used to check for fungal infections. Your healthcare provider will use a tool to scrape off a small amount of skin that then gets mixed with KOH (potassium hydroxide). The KOH destroys the skin cells so that only fungus, if present, is left.

• #28 Infantile seborrheic dermatitis differential diagnosis based on case report | Bień | Forum Dermatologicum

  https://journals.viamedica.pl/forum_dermatologicum/article/view/94410

  Infantile seborrheic dermatitis often occurs during the first three months of life and most frequently presents as erythema and greasy scales located especially on the scalp (commonly called cradle cap). […] The severe, erythrodermic clinical appearance is rare and often demands differential diagnosis with other more serious skin conditions. […] Considering the severe clinical appearance, additional tests such as skin biopsy and genetic analysis were performed to exclude other possible causes such as atopic dermatitis, Langerhans histiocytosis, congenital ichthyosis, and psoriasis. […] Based on clinical presentation and additional test results, infantile seborrheic dermatitis seemed to be the most probable diagnosis. […] It is essential to remember that the dermatoses that we should take into consideration during the differential diagnosis of severe infantile seborrheic dermatitis are atopic dermatitis, Langerhans histiocytosis, congenital ichthyosis, and psoriasis.

• #29 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  Pityriasis rosea, an itchy round or oval-shaped rash that typically resolves on its own […] Less commonly, a widespread rash that can mimic the patches of seborrheic dermatitis may be due to secondary syphilis. This is a worsening of primary syphilis, the sexually transmitted bacterial infection that usually begins as a sore at the infection site. […] Facial seborrheic dermatitis may also resemble the classic „butterfly rash” seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disorder in which the immune system damages connective tissues and the lining of blood vessels throughout the body. […] To differentiate among these conditions, a dermatologist may perform the following tests: […] Skin scraping/KOH test is used to check for fungal infections. Your healthcare provider will use a tool to scrape off a small amount of skin that then gets mixed with KOH (potassium hydroxide). The KOH destroys the skin cells so that only fungus, if present, is left.

• #30 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Symptoms, Complications, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms-4769659

  Pityriasis rosea, an itchy round or oval-shaped rash that typically resolves on its own […] Less commonly, a widespread rash that can mimic the patches of seborrheic dermatitis may be due to secondary syphilis. This is a worsening of primary syphilis, the sexually transmitted bacterial infection that usually begins as a sore at the infection site. […] Facial seborrheic dermatitis may also resemble the classic „butterfly rash” seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disorder in which the immune system damages connective tissues and the lining of blood vessels throughout the body. […] To differentiate among these conditions, a dermatologist may perform the following tests: […] Skin scraping/KOH test is used to check for fungal infections. Your healthcare provider will use a tool to scrape off a small amount of skin that then gets mixed with KOH (potassium hydroxide). The KOH destroys the skin cells so that only fungus, if present, is left.

• #31 Nationwide Seborrheic Dermatitis Survey Shows Burdensome and Lengthy Path to Diagnosis – Arcutis Biotherapeutics

  https://www.arcutis.com/nationwide-seborrheic-dermatitis-survey-shows-burdensome-and-lengthy-path-to-diagnosis/

  Survey found that path to diagnosis for people with seborrheic dermatitis (average of 3.6 years) substantially longer than estimated by physicians (average of 1.5 years) […] The survey found that individuals with seborrheic dermatitis often experienced a long and burdensome path to diagnosis, reporting an average of 3.6 years from symptom onset to seeking care, although patients reporting severe disease sought care within 1 year of symptom onset. In contrast, healthcare providers underestimated the time it takes for people with seborrheic dermatitis to receive a diagnosis, reporting an average of just 1.5 years. […] Its staggering to see that there is a two-year difference in what healthcare professionals believe the path to diagnosis is, compared to the lengthy and frustrating journey that individuals with seborrheic dermatitis actually experience

• #32

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-024-02986-8

  Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with significant impact on quality of life, yet its etiology and pathophysiology are not well understood. […] Understanding the diagnostic pathway from the perspectives of patient and healthcare providers (HCPs) is crucial. […] Most patients were unaware of SD before their diagnosis (71%) and experienced difficulty finding information online (56%). […] Patients delayed seeking medical attention for SD by an average of 3.6 years, with most patients feeling their symptoms did not require medical attention (63%), a perception that HCPs correctly anticipated. […] HCPs also underestimated the percentage of patients self-reporting moderate-severity SD. […] These insights highlight the complexities in the diagnostic and management pathways of SD and underscore the need for a more nuanced understanding and approach in addressing the condition.

• #33

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-024-02986-8

  Patients delayed seeing a provider for seborrheic dermatitis by an average of 3.6 years, with most patients feeling their symptoms did not require medical attention (63%). […] Most patients (58%) reported embarrassment discussing their SD symptoms with HCPs, a factor HCPs underestimated. […] Patients preferred dermatology health care for seborrheic dermatitis treatment (79%), with 75% of patients seeing more than one provider. […] HCPs underestimated the time it takes for patients experiencing SD symptoms to seek care. […] The average estimated time that HCPs reported patients experience symptoms before seeking a dermatology HCP for treatment or diagnosis was 1.6 years. […] In contrast, the average estimated time patients reported experiencing SD symptoms before visiting an HCP specifically for those symptoms was 3.6 years.

• #34

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-024-02986-8

  The majority of dermatology HCPs (77%) reported that patients come to them directly with symptoms of SD, with 50% having SD as their primary complaint. […] Only 23% of HCPs reported that patients obtained referrals from another HCP before visiting a dermatology specialist. […] This study represents the first comprehensive exploration of the diagnostic and management pathways of SD from both the patient and HCP perspectives. […] We discovered a significant delay in patients seeking medical attention for their SD, with an average wait time of 3.6 years. […] A majority of patients reported feeling embarrassed to discuss their SD symptoms with HCPs, which has been associated with delays in seeking medical care for a variety of conditions. […] However, our results suggest that HCPs may significantly underestimate how much this factor impacts patients with SD.

• #35 Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0201/p185.html

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the location and appearance of lesions. […] The differential diagnosis is lengthy, but the correct diagnosis can usually be made clinically by the characteristic distribution of lesions and varying course of the disease. […] If the diagnosis is uncertain, a biopsy demonstrating parakeratosis in the epidermis, plugged follicular ostia, and spongiosis can confirm the presence of seborrheic dermatitis. […] The diagnosis can be challenging in patients with darker skin, but the same principles apply.

• #36 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Skin of Color Society

  https://skinofcolorsociety.org/discover-patients-public/patient-education/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by redness, itching, and greasy flaking of the skin. In patients of color, affected areas may be lighter in color than the surrounding skin and may have no redness. These patches occur in areas containing many oil glands, like the scalp, face, ears, chest, and in skin folds. Dandruff is considered a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is a common disorder that affects people of all ages and skin types. It is more common in older men and may be more common in people of African descent. People with HIV and Parkinsons disease are more likely to develop seborrheic dermatitis. In infants, seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp is called cradle cap. […] Scaling of the skin on the scalp, eyebrows, forehead, ears, and beard area is typical. Some cases may also involve the central chest, underarms, groin, and around the belly button. In darker skinned patients, this scaling can have a flower-like shape (thus the term petaloid seborrheic dermatitis). Discoloration of the skin with lightening or darkening of affected areas may also occur. It is sometimes itchy. A dermatologist can determine if you have seborrheic dermatitis by clinical examination. In rare cases, a skin scraping or biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis or to rule out other causes.

• #37 Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-in-adolescents-and-adults

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, and usually mild form of dermatitis that occurs in infants and adults. The severity may vary from minimal, asymptomatic scaliness of the scalp (dandruff) to more widespread involvement. Affected individuals are usually healthy, although seborrheic dermatitis has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Parkinson disease and other neurologic disorders, and use of neuroleptic medications. […] This topic will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. The infantile form of seborrheic dermatitis is discussed separately. […] The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis is increased among individuals with HIV infection, in whom it may be a presenting sign. The prevalence has been estimated to be around 35 percent among patients with early HIV infection and up to 85 percent among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Patients with parkinsonism frequently present with seborrhea (oily skin) and seborrheic dermatitis, both of which may improve with L-DOPA therapy.

• #38 Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-in-adolescents-and-adults

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, and usually mild form of dermatitis that occurs in infants and adults. The severity may vary from minimal, asymptomatic scaliness of the scalp (dandruff) to more widespread involvement. Affected individuals are usually healthy, although seborrheic dermatitis has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Parkinson disease and other neurologic disorders, and use of neuroleptic medications. […] This topic will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. The infantile form of seborrheic dermatitis is discussed separately. […] The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis is increased among individuals with HIV infection, in whom it may be a presenting sign. The prevalence has been estimated to be around 35 percent among patients with early HIV infection and up to 85 percent among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Patients with parkinsonism frequently present with seborrhea (oily skin) and seborrheic dermatitis, both of which may improve with L-DOPA therapy.

• #39 Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-in-adolescents-and-adults

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, and usually mild form of dermatitis that occurs in infants and adults. The severity may vary from minimal, asymptomatic scaliness of the scalp (dandruff) to more widespread involvement. Affected individuals are usually healthy, although seborrheic dermatitis has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Parkinson disease and other neurologic disorders, and use of neuroleptic medications. […] This topic will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. The infantile form of seborrheic dermatitis is discussed separately. […] The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis is increased among individuals with HIV infection, in whom it may be a presenting sign. The prevalence has been estimated to be around 35 percent among patients with early HIV infection and up to 85 percent among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Patients with parkinsonism frequently present with seborrhea (oily skin) and seborrheic dermatitis, both of which may improve with L-DOPA therapy.

• #40 Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-in-adolescents-and-adults

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, and usually mild form of dermatitis that occurs in infants and adults. The severity may vary from minimal, asymptomatic scaliness of the scalp (dandruff) to more widespread involvement. Affected individuals are usually healthy, although seborrheic dermatitis has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Parkinson disease and other neurologic disorders, and use of neuroleptic medications. […] This topic will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults. The infantile form of seborrheic dermatitis is discussed separately. […] The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis is increased among individuals with HIV infection, in whom it may be a presenting sign. The prevalence has been estimated to be around 35 percent among patients with early HIV infection and up to 85 percent among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Patients with parkinsonism frequently present with seborrhea (oily skin) and seborrheic dermatitis, both of which may improve with L-DOPA therapy.

• #41 Infantile seborrheic dermatitis differential diagnosis based on case report | Bień | Forum Dermatologicum

  https://journals.viamedica.pl/forum_dermatologicum/article/view/94410

  Infantile seborrheic dermatitis often occurs during the first three months of life and most frequently presents as erythema and greasy scales located especially on the scalp (commonly called cradle cap). […] The severe, erythrodermic clinical appearance is rare and often demands differential diagnosis with other more serious skin conditions. […] Considering the severe clinical appearance, additional tests such as skin biopsy and genetic analysis were performed to exclude other possible causes such as atopic dermatitis, Langerhans histiocytosis, congenital ichthyosis, and psoriasis. […] Based on clinical presentation and additional test results, infantile seborrheic dermatitis seemed to be the most probable diagnosis. […] It is essential to remember that the dermatoses that we should take into consideration during the differential diagnosis of severe infantile seborrheic dermatitis are atopic dermatitis, Langerhans histiocytosis, congenital ichthyosis, and psoriasis.

• #42

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-024-02986-8

  Despite often being seen as a mild condition, SD is associated with considerable implications for QoL, particularly in female and younger patients. […] This study sheds light on the challenges patients face in seeking information and guidance for SD. […] Notably, 74% of the patients referred by non-dermatology HCPs received an initial misdiagnosis, highlighting a gap in SD recognition among general healthcare practitioners. […] These insights emphasize the need for enhanced training and awareness among all HCPs, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach in early SD detection and referral.

• #43

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-024-02986-8

  Despite often being seen as a mild condition, SD is associated with considerable implications for QoL, particularly in female and younger patients. […] This study sheds light on the challenges patients face in seeking information and guidance for SD. […] Notably, 74% of the patients referred by non-dermatology HCPs received an initial misdiagnosis, highlighting a gap in SD recognition among general healthcare practitioners. […] These insights emphasize the need for enhanced training and awareness among all HCPs, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach in early SD detection and referral.

• #44 Seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-in-adults/

  Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common scaly rash that typically affects the scalp, face and chest, but can affect other areas, too. […] The diagnosis is made from the history and appearance of the skin in the affected area. Normally there is no need for any particular test, unless the doctor thinks it may be a fungal infection, in which case skin scrapings are taken for mycology testing. If there is doubt about the diagnosis, a biopsy may be necessary, but this is rare. […] Seborrhoeic dermatitis cannot be cured, because once an individual has become allergic to Malassezia on the skin, exposure to it will always cause a problem. The only way to keep it under control is to use anti-yeast treatments, which will suppress seborrhoeic dermatitis but not eradicate it. However, it is usually not difficult to keep seborrhoeic dermatitis under control, and topical treatments are safe to use long-term, on the advice of a healthcare professional.

• #45 Diagnosing Seborrheic Dermatitis: Differential Diagnosis and More | MySebDermTeam

  https://www.mysebdermteam.com/resources/diagnosing-seborrheic-dermatitis-differential-diagnosis-and-more

  Seborrheic dermatitis can often look like other skin conditions, making it difficult to diagnose. […] Your doctor or dermatologist will use a few different tests to rule out other conditions and make a seborrheic dermatitis diagnosis. […] Doctors and dermatologists mainly diagnose seborrheic dermatitis by taking an account of all of your skin symptoms. […] To avoid misdiagnosing you with another condition, your health care provider will make a differential diagnosis. […] To help your doctor or dermatologist make the correct diagnosis, you could track your symptoms over time, to see when your skin is clear and when you have flares. […] To diagnose seborrheic dermatitis, your doctor or dermatologist will perform a physical exam, which usually leads to a diagnosis. […] If the diagnosis is unclear, your dermatologist may perform a biopsy to examine your skin under a microscope.

• #46 Diagnosing Seborrheic Dermatitis: Differential Diagnosis and More | MySebDermTeam

  https://www.mysebdermteam.com/resources/diagnosing-seborrheic-dermatitis-differential-diagnosis-and-more

  Your doctor or dermatologist will likely start with a physical examination of your skin to look for symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. […] If you have inflamed areas of skin, your doctor or dermatologist may order a skin biopsy. […] Your doctor or dermatologist may also use a skin biopsy to tell the difference between seborrheic dermatitis and other skin conditions. […] If your doctor or dermatologist thinks you may have a fungal infection, such as tinea capitis, they may run additional tests. […] Once your dermatology provider rules out other conditions and makes a final diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis, you can receive appropriate treatments to improve your symptoms and help clear your skin.

• #47 Seborrheic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/

  It is crucial to relieve itch and discomfort in ASD. […] A typical formulary should include antifungals, keratolytics, antipruritics, and antiinflammatories (topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors). […] Oral treatment should be a consideration for generalized or refractory disease, and the standard of care utilizes the antifungal and antiinflammatory properties of ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. […] Itraconazole is safe and effective for controlling the flares of SD and preventing relapses.

• #48 Seborrhoeic Dermatitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-pro

  The distribution and appearance of SD is usually characteristic. Fine scaling (’dandruff’) helps confirm the diagnosis. If there is any doubt, fungal culture can be requested in primary care, or the patient can be referred for consideration of skin biopsy. If an underlying condition such as HIV is suspected then blood tests may be necessary. […] The basis of treatment is regular antifungal medication with intermittent topical steroids. There is no evidence of superiority of one antifungal over another. […] If these are unacceptable, shampoos containing zinc pyrithione (eg, head shoulders), coal tar or salicylic acid may be used. […] Ketoconazole or another antifungal cream may be used once daily for 2-4 weeks. This can be repeated as necessary. Reduce frequency once symptoms are controlled. Antifungal shampoos may be used as a body wash in addition. […] More severe SD may merit some of the following, usually after a specialist consultation: Oral antifungal medication – azoles (eg, ketoconazole or itraconazole) or others – eg, terbinafine.

• #49 Seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-in-adults/

  The major reservoir for the yeast is the scalp, so a medicated anti-yeast shampoo should be used. Even if all signs of the condition have disappeared, it is advisable to use an anti-yeast shampoo once a week as an ongoing preventative measure. […] The important message is that long-term treatment is needed to keep this condition at bay. If it recurs, it is not because the treatment has failed it is because of the persistent nature of the condition, due to sensitivity to Malassezia yeasts. Therefore, ongoing treatment with anti-yeast measures is vital.

Zobacz więcej