Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Seborrheic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/

  There are multiple factors associated with the development of SD, and their disparate nature has led to many proposals about its cause and pathogenesis. The onset of SD appears linked to the interplay of normal microscopic skin flora (especially Malassezia spp.), the composition of lipids on the skin surface, and individual susceptibility. Neither the level of sebum produced nor the amount of yeast appears to be significant factors. […] The proposed Mechanisms for the Pathogenesis of SD include: Disruption of the skins microbiota, An impaired immune reaction to Malassezia spp. associated with a diminished T-cell response and activation of complement, The increased presence of unsaturated fatty acids on the skin surface, Disruption of cutaneous neurotransmitters, Abnormal shedding of keratinocytes, Epidermal barrier disturbances associated with genetic factors.

• #2 Seborrheic Dermatitis: What Is It, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14403-seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, noncontagious, easy-to-manage skin condition. This type of dermatitis causes itchy red patches and greasy scales on your skin along with white or yellow crusty or powdery flakes on your scalp. […] Researchers aren’t sure of the exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis. They think there may be many causes. Factors that are thought to play a role include: A type of yeast called Malassezia, which is present on everyone’s skin, but overgrow in some people. An increased level of androgens (a hormone). An increased level of skin lipids. An inflammatory reaction. Family history (dermatitis runs in the family). […] Other factors that trigger or worsen seborrheic dermatitis include: Stress. Cold and dry climate. Oily skin. Using alcohol-based lotions. History of other skin disorders, including rosacea, psoriasis and acne.

• #2 Seborrheic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/

  The role of Malassezia spp. also includes the degradation of sebum and consumption of saturated fatty acids, disrupting the lipid balance on the skin surface. Further evidence for the involvement of Malassezia spp. includes their isolation from SD lesions and the significant resolution of SD with antifungal treatment.

• #3 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/seborrheic-dermatitis-a-to-z

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a form of skin inflammation (dermatitis) that causes a red, oily, flaking skin rash in areas of the body where glands in the skin called sebaceous glands are most abundant the scalp, face and groin. […] The causes of seborrheic dermatitis are unclear, but yeast may be involved in some cases. […] It is thought that a tiny yeast may play a role in seborrheic dermatitis. […] Although doctors recognize that seborrheic dermatitis occurs in skin areas that have many sebaceous glands, they still do not know exactly why it develops there. […] Because doctors do not know what causes seborrheic dermatitis, there is no way to prevent it. […] For skin areas outside the scalp, your doctor may prescribe hydrocortisone or an anti-yeast cream, because yeast sometimes can trigger seborrheic dermatitis.

• #3 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes and treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/seborrhoeic-dermatitis

  Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common skin condition affecting 3% to 12% of the population. […] The aetiology is not completely understood. Several factors are associated with the condition e.g. hormone levels, fungal infections, nutritional deficits, neurogenic factors. Proliferation of Malassezia yeast genus is believed to play a role. The lipases and phospholipases produced by Malassezia, a saprophyte of normal skin, cleave free fatty acids from triglycerides present in sebum. This may induce inflammation. Differences in skin barrier lipid content and function may account for individual presentations.

• #4 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-causes

  Some people have a higher risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis. More than half the people living with Parkinsons disease, which affects the brains ability to control movement, develop the greasy, scaly patches of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Exactly what causes this skin disease is unknown. Dermatologists believe that the following play a role: Yeast that lives on everyones skin, Sebum (an oil that our skin makes). If you have seborrheic dermatitis, it may be that youve developed a reaction to the yeast on your skin. This reaction then causes the rash. […] There are some findings to support this. One medication that dermatologists use to treat seborrheic dermatitis is an antifungal. Yeast is a fungus, so the antifungal medication removes some yeast from the skin. When people with seborrheic dermatitis have less yeast on their skin, they get relief from symptoms. Some people even see their skin clear for a while. When the yeast starts growing again, the seborrheic dermatitis returns.

• #5 Seborrheic Dermatitis of the Scalp: Etiology and Treatment – JDDonline – Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

  https://jddonline.com/articles/seborrheic-dermatitis-of-the-scalp-etiology-and-treatment-S154596164P0155X/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic infection of the lipid-rich areas of skin. While seborrheic dermatitis has been a recognized clinical entity for decades, its etiology is far from clear. Early investigators of the development of seborrheic dermatitis focused on the role of the Malassezia (previously Pityrosporum) yeasts. […] However, it was subsequently found that treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with an antifungal agent not only resulted in clinical improvement but also reduced the number of Malassezia yeasts on the skin. This has resulted in a resurgence of interest in the Malassezia yeasts. It has been hypothesized that there is an immunological component to seborrheic dermatitis, possibly representing an abnormal host response to the Malassezia yeasts. This paper will discuss the role of Malassezia in the etiology of seborrheic dermatitis, as well as the various treatment options.

• #6 Seborrheic Dermatitis: From Microbiome and Skin Barrier Involvement to Emerging Approaches in Dermocosmetic Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/11/6/208

  Of these factors, the role of Malassezia has been the most thoroughly studied, largely due to its presence in lesional skin and the positive clinical response of SD to antifungal treatments. […] Malassezia fungi predominantly colonize seborrheic areas of the skin, where they utilize both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids for their growth. […] The strong correlation between yeast count and disease severity, as well as the observed improvement in affected skin after antifungal treatment, points to Malassezia’s significant role in the pathogenesis of SD. […] However, emerging evidence indicates that immune dysregulation and skin barrier function are likely central to SD pathogenesis, with Malassezia playing a secondary associated role. […] The role of host factors, such as barrier impairment, has been less thoroughly investigated compared to the study of Malassezia’s role in seborrheic dermatitis.

• #7 Seborrheic Dermatitis

  https://healthinfo.coxhealth.com/Conditions/Cancer/85,P00314

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common type of rash. […] The cause is not yet known. It may be partly caused by your body’s response to a type of yeast that grows on skin, along with extra oil production. […] Seborrheic dermatitis may run in families.

• #8 Seborrheic Dermatitis | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common type of rash. It causes red, scaly, greasy skin. […] The cause is not yet known. It may be partly caused by your body’s response to a type of yeast that grows on skin, along with extra oil production. […] Seborrheic dermatitis may run in families.

• #9 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-causes-4769875

  In the end, it’s possible that the link between Malassezia and seborrheic dermatitis may simply be an incidental finding. […] Besides the presence of or a person’s reaction to the Malassezia organism on their skin, research has found that age and gender may affect who is more susceptible to developing seborrheic dermatitis. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is slightly more common in men, which suggests a possible association with sex hormones, like androgens. […] While seborrheic dermatitis generally affects healthy individuals, people with certain underlying medical conditions are more prone to manifesting the rash. […] Interestingly, the connection between genetics and the development of seborrheic dermatitis is receiving more and more attention. […] In fact, scientists have found 11 gene mutations or protein deficiencies linked to seborrheic dermatitis.

• #10 Seborrheic Dermatitis Pictures, Causes, Shampoo & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/seborrheic_dermatitis/article.htm

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition that is highly treatable but incurable. […] Medical professionals have a poor understanding of the causes of seborrheic dermatitis. There are some newly recognized genetic influences in seborrheic dermatitis. Eleven gene mutations or protein deficiencies appear to be more common in individuals with seborrheic dermatitis. Most of the genes play a role either in the immune response or epidermal differentiation. […] Since this condition tends to occur in areas of heavy sebum production, it is felt that oily skin may be a factor leading to seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it seems that many patients with seborrheic dermatitis have an abundant growth of normal skin yeast (Pityrosporum or Malassezia) in the affected areas. The fact that topical antifungal medications are effective in controlling seborrheic dermatitis has led some to conclude fungi may play a role in causing this disease. Whether these normal members of the cutaneous microbiome play a causal role in seborrheic dermatitis remains to be determined.

• #11 Dermatitis: Types, Treatments, Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4089-dermatitis

  Dermatitis is caused by a combination of immune system activation, genetics and environmental triggers. […] Sometimes your immune system overreacts. If you have atopic dermatitis, your immune system reacts to seemingly small irritants or allergens. This causes inflammation. […] Researchers have observed that if others in your family have dermatitis, you’re more likely to have it. Additionally, experts have identified changes to genes that control a protein that helps your body maintain healthy skin. Your skin cannot remain healthy without normal levels of that protein. […] Your environment may make your immune system change the protective barrier of your skin. That causes more moisture to escape, and that can lead to dermatitis. Possible environmental factors include exposure to tobacco smoke and some types of air pollutants. Fragrances in some skin products and soap are also possible. […] Some types of dermatitis are caused by exposure to chemicals and other irritants. Perioral dermatitis, for example, may be caused by exposure to fluoride in water or toothpaste.

• #12 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/seborrheic-dermatitis-causes-4769875

  By understanding how genes play a role in the development of seborrheic dermatitis, researchers can better target therapies to ultimately treat this benign, yet potentially burdensome, skin disease. […] Besides your genes, age, gender, and health-related factors, various lifestyle-related factors have been linked to seborrheic dermatitis. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person. […] While its exact cause is still unknown, it does appear to run in families. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is not caused by a food allergy, but your diet may play a factor.

• #13 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1108312-overview

  Seborrheic dermatitis is linked to Malassezia, immunologic abnormalities, and activation of complement. […] Malassezia organisms are probably not the cause of seborrheic dermatitis but a cofactor linked to a T-cell depression, increased sebum levels, and an activation of the alternative complement pathway. […] The exact pathophysiology remains unclear. Malassezia organisms are probably not the cause but are a cofactor linked to a T-cell depression, increased sebum levels, and an activation of the alternative complement pathway. Persons prone to this dermatitis also may have a skin-barrier dysfunction. […] Various medications may flare or induce seborrheic dermatitis. These medications include auranofin, aurothioglucose, buspirone, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, ethionamide, fluorouracil, gold, griseofulvin, haloperidol, interferon alfa, lithium, methoxsalen, methyldopa, phenothiazines, psoralens, stanozolol, thiothixene, and trioxsalen.

• #14 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing form of eczema that usually appears on the scalp but can occur anywhere there are a lot of oil-producing (sebaceous) glands like the chest, groin, beard region, and nose.1 Sebaceous glands are near hair follicles that secrete oil to lubricate hair and skin. Seborrheic dermatitis can cause a variety of symptoms from dandruff to a rash on the affected area.1 […] The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of factors including genes, yeast that lives naturally on the skin, stress, chemical irritants and/or dry, cold weather that causes the skin to overproduce oil.1, 6 In infants, researchers believe seborrheic dermatitis is triggered in part by hormones from the mother.7 […] The trigger for seborrheic dermatitis is usually an inflammatory reaction to excess Malassezia yeast, also sometimes called pityrosporum, on the skin.1,6 This yeast, an organism that normally lives on the skins surface, is the likely cause of seborrheic dermatitis.1 The Malessezia overgrows and the immune system seems to overreact to it, leading to a fungal infection that results in skin changes.1 […] Seborrheic dermatitis is not an allergy.6 It is caused by genetic and environmental factors.6

• #15 Seborrheic dermatitis in adolescents and adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seborrheic-dermatitis-in-adolescents-and-adults

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, and usually mild form of dermatitis that occurs in infants and adults. The severity may vary from minimal, asymptomatic scaliness of the scalp (dandruff) to more widespread involvement. Affected individuals are usually healthy, although seborrheic dermatitis has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, Parkinson disease and other neurologic disorders, and use of neuroleptic medications. […] The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis is increased among individuals with HIV infection, in whom it may be a presenting sign. The prevalence has been estimated to be around 35 percent among patients with early HIV infection and up to 85 percent among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). […] Patients with parkinsonism frequently present with seborrhea (oily skin) and seborrheic dermatitis, both of which may improve with L-DOPA therapy.

• #16 Seborrheic Dermatitis: On Scalp, Treatment, Crib Cap, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a form of eczema that can cause dandruff and other symptoms. […] Doctors dont know the exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis, but they believe two main factors contribute to its development. […] One factor is the overproduction of oil. An excess amount of oil in the skin might act as an irritant, causing your skin to become red or discolored and greasy. This may relate to hormone production. […] Another contributing factor is Malassezia, a type of yeast that naturally occurs in the skins oils. It can sometimes multiply more than usual, causing an inflammatory response in the skin. This triggers increased oil production, and excessive oil can lead to seborrheic dermatitis. […] Cradle cap can develop in infants due to hormonal changes that occur in the birthing parent during pregnancy. In adults, seborrheic dermatitis can also develop with psoriasis, which is called sebopsoriasis.

• #17 Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0501/p2703.html

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting areas of the head and trunk where sebaceous glands are most prominent. Lipophilic yeasts of the Malassezia genus, as well as genetic, environmental and general health factors, contribute to this disorder. […] The etiology of seborrheic dermatitis remains unknown, although many factors, including hormonal, have been implicated. […] Additional evidence of hormonal influence is provided by research demonstrating that the human sebocyte responds to androgen stimulation. […] Pityrosporum ovale, a lipophilic yeast of the Malassezia genus, has been implicated in the development of this condition. […] It has been suggested that seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory response to this organism, but this remains to be proved.

• #18 The various causes of seborrheic dermatitis.

  https://us.typology.com/library/what-is-the-cause-of-seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red patches topped with yellowish-white scales. The affected body regions are those that produce an excess of sebum, promoting the proliferation of a fungus responsible for the disease: Malassezia. […] The origin of seborrheic dermatitis is still unknown, but numerous factors have been cited as contributing to the development of this skin condition. Among them, we find: […] The onset of seborrheic dermatitis is correlated with sebum levels. Apart from infantile seborrheic dermatitis, the disease is rare before puberty, and is more common in adolescence and young adulthood, when the sebaceous glands are at their most active. […] Patients suffering from seborrheic dermatitis have a higher level of Malassezia, a type of yeast also known as Pityrosporum, compared to healthy individuals. This yeast feeds on sebum. An excessive production of sebum can create an environment conducive to its proliferation.

• #19 Seborrheic Dermatitis Causes & How to Get Rid of it

  https://cityskinclinic.com/seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic skin condition that can cause discomfort and distress for those affected. […] The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood. However, several factors are believed to contribute to the condition. These include: […] Seborrheic dermatitis tends to run in families which suggests a genetic component. […] Excess oil production creates an environment conducive to fungal growth. This triggers inflammation. […] This naturally occurring fungus thrives in oily areas of the skin and plays a key role in triggering the inflammation that leads to seborrheic dermatitis. […] Some people may have an exaggerated immune response to the presence of Malassezia yeast which then leads to inflammation. […] Cold, dry weather, stress and hormonal fluctuations can all trigger or exacerbate seborrheic dermatitis.

• #20 Seborrheic Dermatitis: From Microbiome and Skin Barrier Involvement to Emerging Approaches in Dermocosmetic Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/11/6/208

  Research has demonstrated a correlation between skin barrier dysfunction and the prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Individuals with seborrheic dermatitis exhibit changes in abundance and types of ceramides that compose the stratum corneum, which may compromise the structural integrity of the skin barrier, leading to hyperproliferation, abnormal keratinization, and flaking. […] In conclusion, skin barrier impairment plays a crucial role in the development and exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Many predisposing factors, beyond Malassezia and barrier impairment, have been linked to ASD, including (1) neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, major depression, a wide range of neurological dysfunctions, brain injuries, or spinal cord damage; (2) increased sebaceous gland activity; and (3) primary and acquired immunodeficiency, such as lymphomas, HIV/AIDS infection, or immunosuppressant treatments.

• #21 Seborrheic Dermatitis: From Microbiome and Skin Barrier Involvement to Emerging Approaches in Dermocosmetic Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/11/6/208

  Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects sebaceous-rich areas such as the scalp, face, and upper trunk. While the precise etiology remains multifactorial, the role of the skin microbiome, particularly the proliferation of Malassezia species, and alterations in the skin barrier function are critical in its pathogenesis. […] Disruption of the skin barrier, characterized by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and reduced production of epidermal lipids, creates a favorable environment for microbial overgrowth and inflammation. […] Recent insights highlight the interplay between the impaired barrier function, immune responses, and the skin microbiome in perpetuating the disease. […] The precise pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis remains unclear due to its multifaceted and complex etiology. However, three key interrelated factors contribute to its development: individual susceptibility caused by an imbalanced immune response leading to inflammation, cutaneous microbial dysbiosis characterized by notable colonization of Malassezia species, and a compromised epidermal barrier.

• #22 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/seborrheic-dermatitis-medref

  Seborrheic dermatitis may be due to the yeast Malassezia, excess oil in your skin, or issues with your immune system. It doesn’t come from an allergy or from being unclean. It’s not contagious. But experts don’t know what exactly causes it. […] Some seborrheic dermatitis triggers include: Stress, Fatigue, Change of seasons, or weather that’s cold and dry, Certain medical conditions and medicines.

• #23 5 Common Triggers for Seborrheic Dermatitis and How To Manage Them | MySebDermTeam

  https://www.mysebdermteam.com/resources/common-triggers-for-seborrheic-dermatitis-and-how-to-manage-them

  Some doctors believe that the overgrowth of a certain type of yeast, called Malassezia yeast, is the main cause of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Researchers aren’t sure if everyone living with seborrheic dermatitis has Malassezia yeast on their skin. […] Some people seem to develop seborrheic dermatitis during stressful times or recovery periods after a stressful physical event. […] Some health experts suspect hormonal changes may play a role in seborrheic dermatitis because the condition often begins at puberty. […] Some people living with seborrheic dermatitis find that the weather and temperature can have a significant impact on their flare-ups. […] Certain oral medications prescribed for other conditions may cause or trigger seborrheic dermatitis in some people who take them.

• #24 The causes of seborrheic dermatitis | Ducray

  https://www.ducray.com/en/seborrheic-dermatitis/causes

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common condition that affects between 1 and 3% of the French population during adolescence and adulthood. […] There are three causes (or physiopathological mechanisms) of the disease which are now well known. […] Three factors have been identified: sebum, in large quantities such as in so-called oily areas, the proliferation of a yeast of the Malassezia genus, and skin inflammation. […] In people with seborrheic dermatitis, in the so-called oily areas in which sebum accumulates, a yeast of the Malassezia genus is able to proliferate abnormally. […] This yeast is naturally present on the surface of the skin and is part of the skin microbiome. […] Seborrheic dermatitis may be caused by stress, which can affect all organs, especially the skin, and have an impact on sebum secretion, inflammation and immunity.

• #25 Seborrheic Dermatitis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition. It causes flaky, white to yellowish scales to form on oily areas such as the scalp, face, or inside the ear. It can occur with or without reddened skin. […] The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown. It may be due to a combination of factors: Oil gland activity, Yeasts called Malassezia, which live on the skin, mainly in areas with more oil glands, Changes in skin barrier function, Your genes. […] Risk factors include: Stress or fatigue, Weather extremes, Oily skin, or skin problems such as acne, Heavy alcohol use, or using lotions that contain alcohol, Obesity, Nervous system disorders, including Parkinson disease, traumatic brain injury, or stroke, Having HIV/AIDS.

• #26 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Whole Health Library

  https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/seborrheic-dermatitis.asp

  Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by greasy yellowish scale on a background of erythema. It occurs in areas with lots of sebaceous glands including the scalp, external ear, central face, upper trunk, underarms, and groin. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic and relapsing condition that can be diagnosed clinically. It tends to be worse in colder, drier climates and improves during summer monthsespecially with ultraviolet exposure. Stress can also play a role in initiating or worsening flares. Individuals with seborrheic dermatitis have an overabundance of Malassezia, a yeast that is normally found on the skin. […] Why some people get seborrheic dermatitis and others do not is not clear, but the reason likely has to do with differences in immune responses to Malassezia. Interestingly, Malassezia has been shown to have immune cross-reactivity with Candidayeast commonly found in the GI tract. People with seborrheic dermatitis have been found to have increased levels of Candida antigen in their stools and on the tongue, suggesting that they may have higher levels in their GI tract. Additionally, seborrheic dermatitis does improve in some patients treated with oral anti-yeast medications. […] Seborrheic dermatitis can be more extensive and difficult to treat in people with Parkinsons and HIV; treating these conditions can lead to improvement in the seborrheic dermatitis.

• #27 Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms, and Causes | Know All About It

  https://www.starhealth.in/symptoms/what-is-seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms/

  Seborrheic dermatitis, a chronic type of eczema, develops on the scalp, upper back and other areas of the body with high sebum production in the sebaceous glands, which produce oil. […] It is unclear why some people develop seborrheic dermatitis while others do not, but the cause most likely has to do with variations in the way the immune system reacts to Malassezia. […] The primary cause is typically an allergic reaction to Malassezia yeast, also known as pityrosporum. Seborrheic dermatitis is most likely caused by this organism, which often resides on the surface of the skin. The immune system overreacts to the Malassezia as it overgrows, which leads to a fungal infection that alters the skin. […] Psoriasis, acne, epilepsy, rosacea, HIV, Parkinsons disease, alcoholism, depression, eating disorders and recovery from a stroke or heart attack are among the illnesses that can make someone more likely to develop seborrheic dermatitis.

• #28 Seborrheic Dermatitis Scalp Treatment | HairMD, Pune

  https://www.hairmdindia.com/blog/seborrheic-dermatitis-on-scalp-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that affects the scalp, causing redness, irritation, flakiness, and persistent dandruff. […] Malassezia, a type of yeast present in everyone’s skin, grows excessively in some individuals, causing seborrheic dermatitis. […] A rise in the levels of androgens can lead to seborrheic dermatitis. […] An increase in lipid levels in the skin is another cause of this condition. […] It could result from inflammation. […] Having other skin conditions increases the risk of getting seborrheic dermatitis, and those with a family history of seborrheic dermatitis have a higher possibility of getting the same. […] Cold, dry weather can trigger seborrheic dermatitis. […] Using alcohol-based skin products can lead to seborrheic dermatitis. […] Oily skin is another factor causing this condition. […] Seborrheic dermatitis may be caused by stress.

• #29 Seborrhoeic dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seborrhoeic_dermatitis

  The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors. […] Risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis include poor immune function, Parkinson’s disease, and alcoholic pancreatitis. […] The condition may worsen with stress or during the winter. […] Malassezia yeast is believed to play a role. […] The condition is thought to be due to a local inflammatory response to overgrowth by Malassezia fungi species in sebum-producing skin areas including the scalp, face, chest, back, underarms, and groin. […] This is based on observations of high counts of Malassezia species in skin affected by seborrhoeic dermatitis and on the effectiveness of antifungals in treating the condition. […] Malassezia appears to be a significant factor in seborrhoeic dermatitis, but it is thought that other factors are necessary for the presence of Malassezia to result in seborrhoeic dermatitis. […] The condition may be aggravated by illness, psychological stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, change of season, and reduced general health.

• #30 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/dermatitis/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition of skin regions with a high density of sebaceous glands (eg, face, scalp, sternum). The cause is unknown, but species of Malassezia, a normal skin yeast, play an important role. […] The pathogenesis is unclear, but activity of the condition has been linked to the population size of Malassezia yeasts found on the skin and to the inflammatory reaction to the yeast. […] The incidence and severity of disease seem to be affected by genetic factors, emotional or physical stress, and climate (usually worse in cold weather). Seborrheic dermatitis may precede or be associated with psoriasis (called seborrhiasis or sebopsoriasis). Seborrheic dermatitis may be more common and more severe among patients with neurologic disorders (especially Parkinson disease), possibly due to changes in the activity of sebaceous glands. It is also more prevalent and severe among those with HIV/late-stage HIV, likely because of an imbalance of T-cell pro- and anti-inflammatory responses.

• #31 Seborrheic dermatitis: Overview

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-overview

  Seborrheic dermatitis is especially common in adults 50 years of age and older. […] People who are living with an HIV infection or some neurologic disorders including Parkinson’s disease (affects the brain’s ability to control movement) also have a higher risk of getting seborrheic dermatitis than people who do not have one of these conditions. […] If you have psoriasis or rosacea, you’re also more likely to develop seborrheic dermatitis.

• #32 The causes of seborrheic dermatitis | Ducray

  https://www.ducray.com/en/seborrheic-dermatitis/causes

  An incidence of seborrheic dermatitis has been observed in patients suffering from immune system deregulation, such as HIV patients. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is also observed in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease, as the decrease in dopamine levels leads to a disturbance in sebum production and a change in its composition. […] Certain psychiatric conditions may also promote the development of seborrheic dermatitis.

• #33 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-causes

  Its likely that sebum also plays a role in this reaction. We know that seborrheic dermatitis develops at times in our lives when the body makes more sebum. We also know that this disease develops on skin that contains the most sebum like the scalp, face, and chest. Dermatologists believe that the yeast feed on the sebum, which allows them to grow. […] While the exact cause is still a mystery, dermatologists have learned that seborrheic dermatitis is: NOT caused by unclean skin, NOT an allergy. […] To be sure, many people who have seborrheic dermatitis are otherwise healthy. However, having a certain medical condition greatly increases the risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis. These conditions include: Some neurologic disorders, such as Parkinsons disease and epilepsy, HIV infection, Having had an accident that affects the brain or injures your spinal cord, Lymphoma (a type of cancer), A mood disorder like depression, Down syndrome, Anorexia nervosa (an eating disorder), Heavy alcohol consumption, Rosacea or psoriasis, Stroke or heart attack (recovering from).

• #34 Seborrheic dermatitis: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/seborrheic-dermatitis-causes

  You also have a higher risk if you received an organ transplant. […] Some people develop seborrheic dermatitis or see their seborrheic dermatitis flare up after taking a prescription medication. The medications linked to seborrheic dermatitis are oral (take by mouth) and include: Auranofin – Prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, Fluorouracil – Prescribed to treat cancer, Griseofulvin – Prescribed to treat fungal infections, Haloperidol – Prescribed to control symptoms of Tourette’s disorder and to treat schizophrenia and other conditions that affect a persons mental health, Lithium – Prescribed to treat bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness), Psoralen – Taken before you have a light treatment called PUVA, which is sometimes prescribed to treat psoriasis.

• #35

  https://www.womenshealthmag.com/beauty/a62352130/what-is-seborrheic-dermatitis/

  A true diagnosis didnt come until a few years later, when at 12, a dermatologist told Floyd that her longtime skin struggles were not a product of uncleanliness or a temporary reaction to hair treatments, but rather flare-ups of seborrheic dermatitis. […] Like similar skin conditions, the cause of seborrheic dermatitis isnt always easy to pin down. Its believed to be connected to a disruption of the skins microbiome by an overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, explains Geeta Yadav, MD, a board-certified dermatologist in Toronto. Malassezia grows in the presence of skin’s natural oil, called sebum, so overactive sebaceous glands or infrequent hair or face washing can exacerbate the condition. […] Other risk factors for developing the condition include genetics, stress, hormonal fluctuations, dry air, and a weakened immune system due to diseases such as HIV or Parkinsons Disease, Dr. Yadav adds.

• #36 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Premier Medical Group

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/seborrheic-dermatitis/

  There is no known cause of seborrheic dermatitis. However, doctors think that two primary factors contribute to its occurrence: […] One specific type of yeast, known as Malassezia, is extremely common on the skins surface. When there is an excess of this type of yeast, the skin can have an inflammatory response. In many people, this leads to excess oil production, which can contribute to eczema and seborrheic dermatitis. […] The skin keeps itself healthy by producing oil via sebaceous glands. These glands are overactive in some people. This causes the skin to produce more oil than usual. This, in turn, can lead to seborrheic dermatitis and other types of eczema. […] Oil overproduction can be a result of hormonal changes. Doctors suspect this may be part of the reason why infants frequently develop seborrheic dermatitis. When the birthing parent experiences hormonal changes during the end of pregnancy, the infants oil glands can become stimulated. This causes oil overproduction during the first weeks and months of life.

• #37 Seborrheic dermatitis: etiology, risk factors, and treatments: facts and controversies – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23806151/

  Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common skin condition seen frequently in clinical practice. […] Despite its frequency, much controversy remains regarding the pathogenesis of SD. […] Some have postulated that SD is caused by Malassezia yeasts, based on the observation of their presence in affected skin and the therapeutic response to antifungal agents. […] Others have proposed that Malassezia is incidental to a primary inflammatory dermatosis that resulted in increased cell turnover, scaling, and inflammation in the epidermis, similar to psoriasis. […] The presence of host susceptibility factors, permitting the transition of M furfur to its pathogenic form, may be associated with immune response and inflammation. […] Metabolites produced by Malassezia species, including oleic acid, malssezin, and indole-3-carbaldehyde, have been implicated. […] SD also has been traditionally considered to be a form of dermatitis based on the presence of Malassezia in healthy skin, the absence the pathogenic mycelial form of Malassezia yeasts in SD, and its chronic course.

• #38 Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0201/p185.html

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition in infants, adolescents, and adults. […] The skin changes are thought to result from an inflammatory response to a common skin organism, Malassezia yeast. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory dermatologic condition that usually appears on areas of the body with a large density of sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, chest, back, axilla, and groin. […] Although the pathophysiology of seborrheic dermatitis is not completely understood, the mechanisms of effective therapies coupled with results of recent biomolecular studies provide clues about the causes. […] Malassezia yeast seems to cause a nonspecific immune response that begins the cascade of skin changes that occur in seborrheic dermatitis. […] In persons with seborrheic dermatitis, the yeast invade the stratum corneum, releasing lipases that result in free fatty acid formation and cause the inflammatory process to begin. […] The inflammation causes stratum corneum hyperproliferation (scaling) and incomplete corneocyte differentiation, which alters the stratum corneum barrier and impairs its function, thus increasing access for Malassezia and allowing water to more readily leave the cells.

• #39 Seborrheic dermatitis, causes, symptoms and treatments

  https://www.centrethermalavene.com/en/your-skin/seborrheic-dermatitis

  This is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which manifests as red patches covered by greasy scales in specific locations. Its cause is not fully understood, but the role of a fungus from the Malassezia family in its onset has been clearly identified. […] It is not fully understood, but several factors indicate that lipophilic yeasts in the Malassezia family play a prominent role. In fact, these yeasts are more numerous in people with seborrheic dermatitis, and antifungal treatments are effective. […] The current hypothesis is that there is thought to be, rather than excessive Malassezia growth, an abnormal host response to these fungi. It would also appear that there is a predisposition to this dermatosis, probably involving an immune disorder, although this has not yet been able to be demonstrated. […] The very high frequency of seborrheic dermatitis in immunocompromised patients (especially HIV) and Downs syndrome supports this hypothesis. […] This dermatosis is also more common in Parkinson’s disease, although there is no clear causal relationship.

• #40 Seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-in-adults/

  Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects 4% of the adult population and is more common in men than women. […] Adult seborrhoeic dermatitis is believed to be an inflammatory reaction related to an overgrowth of normal skin inhabitants Malassezia yeasts (Malassezia furfur, also known as Pityrosporum ovale). […] Seborrhoeic dermatitis is not contagious or related to diet, but it may be aggravated by illness, stress, tiredness, changes of season and a general deterioration of health. […] People with an immunodeficiency (especially infection with HIV), a heavy alcohol intake, or a neurological disorder such as Parkinsons disease or stroke, are more prone to it. […] Once the skin has become inflamed with any form of eczema, exposure to detergents, soaps, shampoos etc. will aggravate it further. […] Many skin irritants can make the condition worse. Care should therefore be taken to limit exposure to DIY materials such as solvents and chemicals.

• #41 Seborrheic Dermatitis: From Microbiome and Skin Barrier Involvement to Emerging Approaches in Dermocosmetic Treatment

  https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/11/6/208

  The peaks in SD incidence among three age groups (infancy between 2 weeks and 12 months, adolescence, and ages 30 to 60) and its occurrence in seborrheic areas have led to the suspicion of a pathogenic influence tied to specific environmental, microbial, and/or hormonal changes in the skin that are age-related.

• #42 Seborrheic Dermatitis – Treatment, Causes, Symptoms | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/dermatology/services/eczema/seborrheic-dermatitis

  With seborrheic dermatitis, flaky scales form in oily areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, and inside the ears. This chronic form of eczema is most common in infants and adults between 30 and 60 years of age. […] This condition is likely caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast (a substance normally found in the skin) that triggers inflammation, causing changes in the skin. […] Some underlying conditions can raise your risk for seborrheic dermatitis, such as HIV, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, eating disorders, and alcoholism. Triggers of the condition range from stress and hormonal changes to the use of certain detergents or medications.

• #43 Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment, Symptoms, and Causes | Know All About It

  https://www.starhealth.in/symptoms/what-is-seborrheic-dermatitis-symptoms/

  Usually, a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to seborrheic dermatitis. The primary cause is an allergic reaction to too much Malassezia yeast, also known as pityrosporum. Seborrheic dermatitis is most likely caused by this organism, which often resides on the surface of the skin. […] Seborrheic dermatitis can be a sign of biotin, zinc and vitamin B6 deficiencies.

• #44 Seborrheic dermatitis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Seborrheic_dermatitis

  Seborrheic eczema (also known as Seborrheic dermatitis, seborrhea) is a skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and trunk. Seborrheic dermatitis causes flaky, itchy, red skin and temporary hair loss. It particularly affects the sebum-gland rich areas of skin. Causes of seborrheic dermatitis include Malassezia furfur (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale) as well as genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-related factors. […] In 1894, a hypothesis was made by Unna and Sabouraud that causative agents responsible for seborrheic dermatitis include yeast Malassezia, bacteria, or both as they were obtained in high quantities in cultures obtained from the affected patients. […] The cause of seborrheic dermatitis remains unknown; however, the following factors may have been implicated: Malassezia furfur (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale), excessive vitamin A, lack of biotin, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), riboflavin (vitamin B2).

• #45

• #46

  https://balmonds.com/blogs/seborrheic-dermatitis/what-causes-seborrheic-dermatitis

  Life circumstances that can trigger a flare-up of seborrheic dermatitis include: Diet, Mental illness, Stress, Other health conditions. […] Other triggers that can aggravate the condition include: Irritating ingredients in skincare, Environmental factors such as dry, hot, cold or windy weather, Some medications, Skin irritants in household or industrial chemicals.

• #47 Seborrheic dermatitis causes, symptoms & treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is influenced by yeast (fungus) that normally lives on skin, your genes, living in a cold and dry climate, stress, irregular immune system response, and your overall health. […] Although the exact cause is unknown, researchers believe it is caused by a complex combination of factors. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is not caused by poor personal hygiene, nor is it an allergy.

• #48 Seborrhoeic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/seborrhoeic-dermatitis-leaflet

  Seborrhoeic dermatitis causes bad dandruff and sometimes a rash, commonly on the face and upper body. […] The exact cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis is not known. It is thought that yeast germs from the Malassezia species may be involved. However, it is not just a simple skin infection and you cannot catch this condition from others (it is not contagious). The germs live in the sebum of human skin in most adults. In most people they do no harm. But some people may react to these yeast germs, making the skin become inflamed. […] People who have immune system problems, such as HIV and AIDS and people with Parkinson’s disease, are more likely to develop seborrhoeic dermatitis. Also, emotional stress is thought to aggravate the condition. Note: a lack of cleanliness does not cause seborrhoeic dermatitis.

• #49 Seborrhoeic dermatitis – treatment and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/seborrhoeic-dermatitis

  Seborrhoeic dermatitis may be caused by an immune reaction to a microscopic fungus called Malassezia. […] Some people develop an immune reaction to Malassezia for reasons that are not clear. It is not contagious, and not a sign of poor hygiene.

• #50 The various causes of seborrheic dermatitis.

  https://us.typology.com/library/what-is-the-cause-of-seborrheic-dermatitis

  Seborrheic dermatitis is more prevalent in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease, mood disorders, or those affected by HIV. Other observations have also shown that seborrheic dermatitis is associated with alcoholic pancreatitis, the Hepatitis C virus, and various cancers. […] Other factors have been suggested such as immunological, environmental, or even lifestyle factors that could increase the predisposition to seborrheic dermatitis.

• #51 Seborrheic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/types-of-eczema/seborrheic-dermatitis/

  Seborrheic dermatitis is a common form of eczema that usually affects the scalp. […] The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of factors including genes, yeast that lives naturally on the skin, stress, chemical irritants and/or dry, cold weather that causes the skin to overproduce oil. […] The trigger for seborrheic dermatitis is usually an inflammatory reaction to excess Malassezia yeast, also sometimes called pityrosporum, on the skin. […] Seborrheic dermatitis is not an allergy. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors. […] Common triggers for seborrheic dermatitis include: Stress, Recovery from a stressful life event, like losing a loved one or a heart attack, Hormonal changes or illness, Harsh hair styling products, detergents, solvents, chemicals and soaps, Cold, dry weather or a change in the season, Some medications, including psoralen, interferon and lithium.

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