Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Genu Valgum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559244/

  Genu valgum (knocked knees) is part of the coronal plane deformities of the lower extremity. […] Bilateral genu valgum can be caused by physiologic genu valgum, skeletal dysplasias, metabolic bone diseases, and lysosomal storage diseases. […] Unilateral genu valgum can be caused by post-traumatic events, tumors, and infections. […] Bilateral genu valgum in this age group is typically physiologic but can also be secondary to skeletal dysplasia such as spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis van Creveld syndrome), metabolic bone diseases such as rickets (renal osteodystrophy and hypophosphatemic rickets), and lysosomal storage disease such as Morquio syndrome. […] Other causes of genu valgum include radiation, infection, and tumors (osteochondromas, multiple hereditary exostoses, fibrous dysplasia). […] Complications can arise when there is a failure to recognize pathologic genu valgum. These are most often related to the underlying etiology.

• #1 Knock Knees (Genu Valgum) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/knock-knees.html

  Knock knees or genu valgum (GEE-noo VAL-gum) is when a child stands up straight and the knees touch but the ankles are apart. Knock knees often happen as a normal part of growth and development. […] Normal bone growth and development when kids are about 2-4 years old can cause the knees to turn inward. Rarely, knock knees that begin or worsen after age 4 can be caused by a health problem. For example: A healed fracture in the growth area of one of the bones around the knee can cause the knee to turn inward. Rickets is a bone growth problem caused by lack of vitamin D or calcium. This is much less common today than in the past. It can be treated with vitamin D and calcium supplements. Health problems called dysplasias, which some children are born with, can affect the way bones grow. Being overweight can affect how bones grow. A tumor in a leg bone can make the knee turn inward. […] Some kids might have knock knees from a health problem. If so, the signs develop later, usually after age 6 and get worse instead of better.

• #1 Knock Knees | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/knock-knees

  Knock knees are usually part of a child’s normal growth and development. Most young children have knock knees to some degree for a period of time, though in some children it is more visible. […] In rare cases, knock knees could be a sign of an underlying bone disease, particularly when the condition appears for the first time when a child is 6 or older. […] Many children develop knock knees during early childhood. As they begin to walk, an inward tilt at the knees can help children balance. This stance also helps if one or both of their feet roll inward or turn outward. […] Less often, knock knees is caused by a more serious disorder: Genetic conditions such as skeletal dysplasias or metabolic bone disease such as rickets can cause knock knees. […] Obesity can contribute to knock knees or cause gait abnormalities that resemble knock knees. […] An injury to the growth area of the shinbone (tibia) or thighbone (femur) may result in just one inward-tilting knee.

• #1

  https://www.orthobullets.com/pediatrics/4052/genu-valgum-knocked-knees

  Genu Valgum is a normal physiologic process in children which may also be pathologic if associated with skeletal dysplasia, physeal injury, tumors or rickets. […] Diagnosis is made clinically with presence of progressive genu valgum after the age of 7. […] Treatment is observation for genu valgum 15 degrees in a child 7 years of age. Surgical management is indicated for severe and progressive genu valum in a child 7 years of age. […] Etiology includes physiologic progression of coronal alignment, with genu valgum peaking at 3-4 years to a tibiofemoral angle of 15-20 degrees. […] Genu valgum rarely worsens after age 7; after age 7, valgus should not be worse than 12 degrees of genu valgum. […] Associated conditions include bilateral genu valgum which can be physiologic or related to renal osteodystrophy, skeletal dysplasia, and unilateral genu valgum which can result from physeal injury, benign tumors, or fibular hemimelia.

• #1 Knock Knee: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_knock-knee.asp

  Knock knee can be caused by an underlying congenital or developmental disease or arise after an infection or a traumatic knee injury. Common causes of knock knees include: […] Knock knees that remain outside of these normal developmental growth patterns may be caused by disease, infection or other conditions. […] Being overweight or obese can also put extra pressure on the knees and contribute to knock knee.

• #1 What causes knock knees and do they have to be treated? – The University of Sydney

  https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/10/17/what-causes-knock-knees-and-do-they-have-to-be-treated-.html

  Knock knees, also known as genu valgum, is a type of knee alignment seen when a child (or adult) stands up straight with their knees together, but their feet and ankles stay apart. […] However knock knees can be a problem. While most cases are a normal variant of growth (physiological knock knees), further investigation is needed (pathological knee knocks) if the knock knee angle is large, if they appear late or worsen after eight years of age, occur on only one leg, are painful or cause a limp. […] Pathological knock knees can occur in some neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida, as a result of the altered muscle pull on the bones. […] Bone diseases resulting from poor mineralisation, such as rickets, may present through large knee angles during childhood. […] Obesity during adolescence is also associated with more severe knock knees, and is more commonly seen in children with flat feet and those with hypermobile (overly flexible) joints.

• #1 Genu valgum – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genu_valgum

  Genu valgum can arise from a variety of causes including nutritional, genetic, traumatic, idiopathic or physiologic and infectious. […] Nutritional rickets is an important cause of childhood genu valgum or knock knees in some parts of the world. Nutritional rickets arises from unhealthy life style habits as insufficient exposure to sun light which is the main source of vitamin D. Insufficient dietary intake of calcium is another contributing factor. […] Genu valgum may arise from rickets caused by genetic abnormalities, called vitamin D-resistant rickets or X-linked hypophosphatemia. […] Osteochondrodysplasia are a variable group of genetic bone diseases or genetic skeletal dysplasias that present with generalized bone deformities involving all extremities and the spine. Genu valgum or knock knees is one of the known skeletal manifestations of Osteochondrodysplasias.

• #1 What are the Causes of Knock Knees?

  https://www.jaipurjoints.com/health-tips/causes-of-knock-knees/

  Causes of Knock Knees: Knock knee is a condition in which your knees point inward when you stand up. It can affect people of any age, but its more common in children. In most cases, knock knees correction is not needed. The condition often improves on its own as a child grows. […] Pathologic knock knees: This type of knock knees is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as rickets or Blounts disease. […] Developmental changes in the shape of the bones and muscles can cause knock knees. […] However, there are some medical conditions that can cause knock knees, such as arthritis, rickets, and osteomalacia. […] Injury or trauma to the knee is a common cause of knock knees. […] Rickets is a cause of knock knees, as well as bow legs, and is most common in children. […] Neuromuscular conditions are a Cause of Knock Knees. […] There may be a genetic disposition to develop knock knees, as the condition tends to run in families. […] The most common cause is vitamin D deficiency. […] Knock knees can also be caused by conditions like rickets, osteomalacia, and Pagets disease.

• #1 Explainer: what causes knock knees and do they have to be treated?

  https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-causes-knock-knees-and-do-they-have-to-be-treated-60366

  Knock knees, also known as genu valgum, is a type of knee alignment seen when a child (or adult) stands up straight with their knees together, but their feet and ankles stay apart. […] Knock knees (and bow legs) are a normal part of a childs growth and development. […] However knock knees can be a problem. While most cases are a normal variant of growth (physiological knock knees), further investigation is needed (pathological knee knocks) if the knock knee angle is large, if they appear late or worsen after eight years of age, occur on only one leg, are painful or cause a limp. […] Pathological knock knees can occur in some neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida, as a result of the altered muscle pull on the bones. […] Bone diseases resulting from poor mineralisation, such as rickets, may present through large knee angles during childhood. […] Obesity during adolescence is also associated with more severe knock knees, and is more commonly seen in children with flat feet and those with hypermobile (overly flexible) joints.

• #1 Knock Knees – Causes, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/knock-knees

  Knock knee (also known as genu valgum or valgus knee deformity) is a condition in which the knees touch while the ankles are apart. […] In most cases, knock knee is simply a normal part of growth and development during early childhood (age 3 or 4). Normally, knock knee corrects itself by age 8. Sometimes, knock knee continues or develops later in childhood or adolescence. […] Its common for young children have knock knees to some degree. The condition tends to run in families. […] Sometimes, knock knees causes can include underlying conditions like: Injury to the growth plate of the knee (the bones are the femur and tibia). Damage to the growth plate from a previous bone or joint infectionsuch as osteomyelitis. Being overweight or obese. Nutritional deficienciessuch as Rickets, which is caused by a vitamin D deficiency. Irregular bone growth (skeletal dysplasia).

• #1 Knock Knee: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://aroraclinic.com/knock-knee-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Knock knee may be the result of an underlying developmental or congenital condition or develop following an infection or traumatic knee injury. The most common causes of knock knees are: metabolic disease, renal (kidney) insufficiency, physical trauma (injury), arthritis, specifically in the knee, bone inflammation (osteomyelitis), Rickets (a bone disease that is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D), congenital (inborn) conditions, growth plate injury, benign bone tumors, fractures that heal and cause the appearance of a deformity (malunion), Overweight or obese could cause extra stress on knee joints and cause knock knee.

• #1 Understanding Knock Knees: Causes, Complications, and Care – Well Heeled Podiatry

  https://www.wellheeledpodiatry.com.au/understanding-knock-knees-causes-complications-and-care

  Knock knees, or genu valgum, is a condition where the knees touch while the legs are straightened. […] In adults, causes include injury, genetics, bone diseases, and arthritis. […] Knock knees can develop or continue throughout adulthood, despite the fact that this is far less prevalent. Adults can have a wider variety of reasons, some of which include the following: Injury or Trauma: An injury to the knee joint or the growth plate can lead to knocked knees. Bone Diseases: Conditions like rickets, which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, can lead to bone deformities, including knock knees. Genetics: Some people might inherit a predisposition to develop knock knees. Arthritis: Particularly osteoarthritis, can change the structure and alignment of the knee, leading to knock knees.

• #1 3 Factors That Contribute to Knock Knees in Adults – The Noyes Knee Institute

  https://noyeskneeinstitute.com/3-factors-that-contribute-to-knock-knees-in-adults/

  In children, knock knees (or genu valgum) is a common condition, and many kids grow out of the condition as they get older. […] For many adults, only a few factors trigger late onset genu valgum. […] If the injury goes uncorrected, the bone may heal poorly, resulting in knock knee on just the injured leg. […] As the conditions progress, the knee joint suffers a great deal of pressure, and in an attempt to alleviate that pressure, the joint may twist or rotate, resulting in knock knees. […] Certain genetic conditions may result in knock knees for both children and adults. […] Loose or unstable joints then contribute to the development of knock knees. […] Individuals with Marfan syndrome may have a limited range of motion in the hips, and the knee joints may rotate to compensate, resulting in knock knees.

• #1 Knock knees Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/knock-knees

  Knock knees can also develop as a result of a medical problem or disease, such as: […] Injury of the shinbone (only one leg will be knock-kneed) […] Osteomyelitis (bone infection) […] Overweight or obesity […] Rickets (a disease caused by a lack of vitamin D).

• #1 KNOCK KNEES (GENU VALGUM): SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, DIAGNOSES, AND TREATMENT | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/knock-knees-genu-valgum-symptoms-causes-diagnoses-and-treatment

  Knock knees, or genu valgum, is abnormal knee alignment that is frequently seen in children, and less commonly in adults. […] Nevertheless, in adults and some children, it can be a sign of underlying illness and needs an orthopedists assessment. […] Pathologic knock knees are those that are severe, persist beyond 8 years of age, or start developing first during adulthood. These are almost always associated with other medical conditions like obesity, vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, arthritis, or knee joint infection or trauma. […] As opposed to physiologic knock knees seen during childhood, pathologic knock knees usually have one or more underlying causes: Rickets (soft bones due to vitamin D and calcium deficiency), Obesity, Bone tumors, Arthritis, Osteomyelitis (bone infection), Kidney problems, Metabolic illnesses, Genetic and developmental abnormalities, Injury to the bones growth plate during childhood, Abnormal joint healing after trauma. […] Obesity can cause or exacerbate knock knees by putting more pressure on your childs knees, leading to more inward tilting.

• #1 Knock Knees (Genu Valgum): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/knock-knees

  Knock knees describes an unusual angle of the lower legs. Most commonly it is a normal shape as children’s legs develop, but occasionally in children or adults it can cause problems or have an underlying cause. Most children who have knock knees grow out of the condition. […] In most cases, knock knees are purely caused by the normal phase of growth and development. Occasionally – in either older children or adults – there can be an underlying problem causing the condition. For example: Vitamin deficiency (particularly vitamin D deficiency causing rickets). Vitamin C and calcium deficiency can also affect the way bones grow. Rheumatoid arthritis or other types of arthritis. Wear and tear (osteoarthritis). Obesity. Operations or injuries to the knee or legs. Inherited (genetic) conditions which affect the way that the knees develop. […] If the knock knees are caused by a metabolic problem, such as Vitamin D deficiency, the deformity may correct with vitamin replacement.

• #1 Treatment for Knock Knees – Bone Island Children’s Clinic

  https://boneisland.sg/en/knock-knees/

  Knock knees in children are often a normal part of growth and development. As children begin to walk, an inward tilt at the knees can help them balance. However, there are other potential causes of knock knees, including: […] Injury of the knees and legs: Trauma to the knee or leg can affect bone growth and alignment […] Bone infection/disease: Conditions such as osteomyelitis can impact the structure and development of bones […] Arthritis: Juvenile arthritis can lead to joint inflammation and misalignment […] Obesity: Excess weight can put additional stress on the knee joints, influencing their alignment.

• #1 Knock Knees Treatment Houston, TX | Knee Deformity Bellaire, TX

  https://www.drwaltlowe.com/knock-knees-orthopedic-sports-medicine-knee-specialist-houston-sugar-land-tx/

  Knock knees are caused due to misalignment of the knee joint as a result of a developmental defect. Some other causes of knock knees may include: […] Rickets: bone malformation due to deficiency of calcium and vitamin D […] Injury or infection in the child’s leg […] Obesity or being overweight puts extra pressure on the child’s knees.

• #1 Genu Valgum: Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/genu-valgum

  Genu valgum can also develop later in life from: […] Genu valgum is almost always a benign variation in a child’s growth. Although it occurs by chance, it seems to run in families. […] Knock-knees may also be caused by: […] Obesity can make genu valgum more severe, according to the Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. The journal reported that in a recent study, 71 percent of children with genu valgum were found to be obese.

• #1 Knocked Knees: Causes, Symptoms and Possible Solutions | PostureGeek

  https://posturegeek.com/blog/knocked-knees-causes-symptoms-and-possible-solutions/

  Knock knees can be caused by a muscular imbalance in the legs. […] Another cause is a congenital orthopaedic issue such as a club foot. […] There is no one single cause for genu valgum. However, some of the most common causes are muscular imbalance, outgrowing muscle strength too quickly, and congenital orthopaedic issues. […] Knock-knees can also be caused by a congenital orthopaedic problem known as club foot, the most frequent cause of knock-knees in newborns and infants. […] Knock knees can also occur due to muscular imbalance in the legs. […] Knock knees can also occur in children that grow too quickly before they have time to properly strengthen their leg muscles. […] Knock knees can also be triggered by muscular weakness or instability in the hips.

• #1 Knock Knees – Can I Reverse It? (Part 1)

  https://www.coreconceptsphysio.sg/article/knock-knees-can-i-reverse-it-part-1/

  Knock knees is a phenomenon where it appears as though your knees are at an inwards angle in relation to your feet. […] When discussing the reasons for knock knees, structure of the bones and joints must be assessed. Structural reasons for knock knees are not normally reversible, unless surgery is indicated. […] Weakness in these muscles will cause the femur to internally rotate. This causes an increased knock knee effect. […] Without the strength of these muscles, the femur is more likely to adduct. This increases the knock knee appearance. […] Asymmetry in the strength of this muscle group may result in misalignment of the knee joint. This gives the appearance of knock knees. […] If these muscles are not controlled well because they have poor activation or endurance, they will not be able to constantly hold the knee joint in a correct alignment. […] Tight muscles in the hip region may limit the range of motion available. If the joint is not moving correctly, the required muscles will not be able to work to correctly align the knee joint.

• #1 Knock Knees | International Center for Limb Lengthening

  https://www.limblength.org/conditions/knock-knees/

  Knock knees in children can be caused by: […] In adults, knock knees can be caused by trauma or infection, arthritis or residual effects from pediatric orthopedic disease.

• #1 Knock Knees – Activ8 PostureAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontReset

  https://activ8posture.com/posture-dictionary/knock-knees-description/

  There are also other, less common causes of knock knees, such as skeletal dysplasia (a group of disorders that affect bone development) and certain genetic conditions. […] While physiological bowing is common in young children, knock knees are less frequent in adults. However, there are several reasons why adults might develop knock knees: […] Uncorrected childhood knock knees: If knock knees in childhood aren’t addressed, they can persist into adulthood. […] Arthritis: Degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis can damage the cartilage in the knee joint, leading to a change in leg alignment and the appearance of knock knees. […] Injuries: Injuries to the ligaments or bones around the knee joint can disrupt normal alignment and contribute to knock knees. […] Obesity: Similar to children, excess weight in adults can put extra stress on the knees, possibly leading to knock knees.

• #1 Knock Knees – Cheshire Foot Clinic

  https://cheshirefootclinic.com/knock-knees-blog/

  It is a normal part of the growth and development for children under the ages of 6 or 7. […] In instances where knocked knees develop later in childhood or do not improve with age, an underlying condition such as: Rickets can cause problem with bone development resulting from a lack of vitamin D or Calcium. […] Obesity or lax ligaments, excessive pressure may be placed on the knees. […] A disease or injury may affect the knees or leg bones. […] There are genetic conditions that can affect the development of bones and joints. […] Adults can sometimes develop knock knees. These cases are often associated with joint problems such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. […] Occasionally, however, knocked knees may indicate an underlying condition that requires treatment, especially if they develop in older children or adults or if they do not improve with age. […] If knocked knees are caused by an underlying health condition, such as Rickets, which can be treated with vitamin D and calcium supplements, treatment may be required.

• #1 Knock Knees – Activ8 PostureAccessibility ToolsIncrease TextDecrease TextGrayscaleHigh ContrastNegative ContrastLight BackgroundLinks UnderlineReadable FontReset

  https://activ8posture.com/posture-dictionary/knock-knees-description/

  The misalignment caused by knock knees can put uneven pressure on the knee joint, accelerating the wear and tear of cartilage and increasing the risk of osteoarthritis. […] Persistent knock knees can increase the wear and tear on the inner knee, leading to early-onset osteoarthritis. This degenerative condition reduces the cushioning between bones, causing chronic pain and limiting joint movement.

• #1 Can Knock Knees Be Corrected in Adults? | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_surgery-knock-knee-correction-adults.asp

  Knock knee is a condition in which the knees bend inward toward one another. […] There are many causes for genu valgum (knock knees). Most cases are congenital, where people are born with the deformity, and it becomes more noticeable with time. An injury to the growth plate in childhood can also lead to knock knees. […] Knock knees can cause the kneecaps to be off-center, which increases pressure and pain in the front of the knee. Knock knee alignment places high stresses on the outside (lateral side) of the knee, causing additional knee pain. These stresses often lead to knee arthritis. […] The deformity can get worse over time. In children the deformity can progress with growth. If arthritis is present, the deformity can progress as the joint wears out further. In adults the medial ligaments of the knee can stretch and cause greater deformity.

• #1 Knock Knees – Causes, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/knock-knees

  If your childs knock knees are caused by an underlying medical condition, or there are signs knock knees isnt part of normal development, X-rays can provide a more detailed view of the bones. […] In rare cases in which the condition continues after age 8, treatment at Gillette Childrens can include custom braces or surgery.

• #1 Approach to the child with knock-knees – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-child-with-knock-knees

  Knock-knees (genu valgum) is an angular deformity at the knee where the apex of the deformity points toward the midline. […] Pathologic causes of knock-knees include posttraumatic (eg, Cozen fracture), rickets (eg, renal osteodystrophy), skeletal dysplasias, mucopolysaccharidosis, and neoplasms. […] Unlike physiologic knock-knees, these conditions generally do not improve over time and may require treatment with bracing or surgery.

• #2 Knock-knees (genu valgum): Treatment, causes, and exercises

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319894

  Genu valgum, or knock-knee, is a condition where the knees touch but the ankles do not. […] There is not always an obvious cause of genu valgum, but there are several potential causes, including metabolic bone disorders and genetic disorders. However, most cases of genu valgum are harmless. […] Risk factors for genu valgum include: injury or illness affecting the leg or knee, skeletal dysplasia, lysosomal storage diseases such as Morquio syndrome, rickets, which is a deficiency in vitamin D, obesity, arthritis, particularly in the knee, calcium deficiency.

• #2 Knock Knees – Causes, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/knock-knees

  Knock knee (also known as genu valgum or valgus knee deformity) is a condition in which the knees touch while the ankles are apart. […] In most cases, knock knee is simply a normal part of growth and development during early childhood (age 3 or 4). Normally, knock knee corrects itself by age 8. Sometimes, knock knee continues or develops later in childhood or adolescence. […] Its common for young children have knock knees to some degree. The condition tends to run in families. […] Sometimes, knock knees causes can include underlying conditions like: Injury to the growth plate of the knee (the bones are the femur and tibia). Damage to the growth plate from a previous bone or joint infectionsuch as osteomyelitis. Being overweight or obese. Nutritional deficienciessuch as Rickets, which is caused by a vitamin D deficiency. Irregular bone growth (skeletal dysplasia).

• #2 Explainer: what causes knock knees and do they have to be treated?

  https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-causes-knock-knees-and-do-they-have-to-be-treated-60366

  Knock knees, also known as genu valgum, is a type of knee alignment seen when a child (or adult) stands up straight with their knees together, but their feet and ankles stay apart. […] Knock knees (and bow legs) are a normal part of a childs growth and development. […] However knock knees can be a problem. While most cases are a normal variant of growth (physiological knock knees), further investigation is needed (pathological knee knocks) if the knock knee angle is large, if they appear late or worsen after eight years of age, occur on only one leg, are painful or cause a limp. […] Pathological knock knees can occur in some neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida, as a result of the altered muscle pull on the bones. […] Bone diseases resulting from poor mineralisation, such as rickets, may present through large knee angles during childhood. […] Obesity during adolescence is also associated with more severe knock knees, and is more commonly seen in children with flat feet and those with hypermobile (overly flexible) joints.

• #2 Knock Knees (Genu Valgum): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/knock-knees

  Knock knees describes an unusual angle of the lower legs. Most commonly it is a normal shape as children’s legs develop, but occasionally in children or adults it can cause problems or have an underlying cause. Most children who have knock knees grow out of the condition. […] In most cases, knock knees are purely caused by the normal phase of growth and development. Occasionally – in either older children or adults – there can be an underlying problem causing the condition. For example: Vitamin deficiency (particularly vitamin D deficiency causing rickets). Vitamin C and calcium deficiency can also affect the way bones grow. Rheumatoid arthritis or other types of arthritis. Wear and tear (osteoarthritis). Obesity. Operations or injuries to the knee or legs. Inherited (genetic) conditions which affect the way that the knees develop. […] If the knock knees are caused by a metabolic problem, such as Vitamin D deficiency, the deformity may correct with vitamin replacement.

• #2 The Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Knock Knees

  https://www.firstcurehealth.com/Treatment-of-Knock-Knees.php

  Various factors can contribute to this condition affecting the knees. […] Some of them are explained below:- Natural development in infants and toddlers: Knock knees often occur in young children as part of the natural growth and development process. As infants learn to stand and walk, their legs go through various alignment stages, and knock knees can be a regular part of this process. […] Genetic factors and family history can play a role in the development of knock knees. If a parent or close relative has knock knees, a child may likely develop the condition. […] Certain bone development disorders can contribute to the development of knock knees. Conditions such as rickets, a vitamin D deficiency, or Blount’s disease, a growth disorder affecting the shinbone, can lead to abnormal bone growth and alignment. […] Injuries or trauma to the lower extremities, such as fractures or ligament damage, can disrupt the normal alignment of the knees. It can result in knocked knees as a secondary effect of the injury.

• #2 Knock Knees | We treat kids with this condition | Call Us

  https://medicalcitykidsortho.com/knock-knees/

  Genu valgum risk factors include the following: The knee may bend inward as a result of a healed fracture in the growing region of one of the surrounding bones. […] A deficiency of calcium or vitamin D can cause rickets, an issue with bone growth. […] Some children are born with a disease called dysplasia, which can affect how bones grow. […] Obesity can influence how bones develop. […] The knee may bend inward due to malignancy in a leg bone. […] Damage to or disease of the knee or leg. […] Dysplasia of the bones. […] Illnesses associated with lysosomal storage, such as Morquio syndrome. […] Rickets is a vitamin D-deficient disease. […] Arthritis especially in the knee. […] Lack of calcium.

• #2 Knock Knees | OrthoNeuro

  https://orthoneuro.com/knee/knock-knees/

  Knock knee may be caused by a congenital deformity, developmental disease, infection, or injury. […] Some of the common causes of severe knock knees include: Rickets, Arthritis, Benign bone tumors, Osteomyelitis (bone infection), Fractures and other knee injuries, Growth plate injuries, Metabolic disease, Kidney failure. […] Obesity can increase your risk of developing knock knees.

• #2 Everything You Need To Know About Knock Knees – El Paso Manual Physical Therapy

  https://www.epmanualphysicaltherapy.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-knock-knees/

  If youve got acquired knock knees, that means that youve got some weaknesses somewhere, either in the hip or the foot or the thigh muscles or some combination of those three spots that are causing your needle want to go inwards. […] So for acquired knock knees, youve got to work on your glute strength, youve got to work on your foot strength and make sure that youre not too dominant in your quad muscles on the front of your thighs, as well as the inner thigh muscles, or the groin muscles. […] If you have knock knees and knee pain from it, theres hope for you, you can fix the problem you youve got to figure out first if its genetic, or if its acquired. […] But there are often cases where something needs to happen invasively you need to have a procedure done. […] And especially if youre older and youve got arthritis on top of that, then youre pretty well on the path to having a knee replacement someday.

• #2 Understanding Knock Knees: Causes, Complications, and Care – Well Heeled Podiatry

  https://www.wellheeledpodiatry.com.au/understanding-knock-knees-causes-complications-and-care

  Knock knees, or genu valgum, is a condition where the knees touch while the legs are straightened. […] In adults, causes include injury, genetics, bone diseases, and arthritis. […] Knock knees can develop or continue throughout adulthood, despite the fact that this is far less prevalent. Adults can have a wider variety of reasons, some of which include the following: Injury or Trauma: An injury to the knee joint or the growth plate can lead to knocked knees. Bone Diseases: Conditions like rickets, which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, can lead to bone deformities, including knock knees. Genetics: Some people might inherit a predisposition to develop knock knees. Arthritis: Particularly osteoarthritis, can change the structure and alignment of the knee, leading to knock knees.

• #2 ARE “KNOCKED KNEES” A PROBLEM? | ACE Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine Institute

  https://ace-pt.org/knocked-knees-problem/

  Genu valgum is the same as knocked knees. […] Severe genu valgum or knocked knees can lead to osteoarthritis of the lateral side of the joint. […] Many healthcare professionals believe that knocked knees place the individual at greater risk of many lower extremity conditions if it is excessive or uncontrolled. […] Left uncontrolled, dynamic knee valgus can lead to major over-use injuries or a more severe injury to the ligaments of the knee. […] Increased valgus positioning of the knees upon landing can lead to an increase incidence of lower extremity injuries.

• #2 What causes knock knees and do they have to be treated? — Richard Lebert Registered Massage Therapy

  https://www.rmtedu.com/blog/knock-knee

  Knock knees, also known as genu valgum, is a type of knee alignment seen when a child (or adult) stands up straight with their knees together, but their feet and ankles stay apart. […] Knock knees can be a problem. While most cases are a normal variant of growth (physiological knock knees), further investigation is needed (pathological knee knocks) if the knock knee angle is large, if they appear late or worsen after eight years of age, occur on only one leg, are painful or cause a limp. […] Pathological knock knees can occur in some neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy or spina bifida, as a result of the altered muscle pull on the bones. […] Bone diseases resulting from poor mineralisation, such as rickets, may present through large knee angles during childhood. […] Obesity during adolescence is also associated with more severe knock knees, and is more commonly seen in children with flat feet and those with hypermobile (overly flexible) joints. […] Children with severe or worsening pathological knock knees might need orthopaedic surgery to correct their knee alignment, particularly in the presence of persistent pain or disability, regardless of the underlying cause.

• #2 Knock Knees – Causes, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/knock-knees

  If your childs knock knees are caused by an underlying medical condition, or there are signs knock knees isnt part of normal development, X-rays can provide a more detailed view of the bones. […] In rare cases in which the condition continues after age 8, treatment at Gillette Childrens can include custom braces or surgery.

• #2 Knock knees

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/knock-knees/

  Knock knees in children is a normal part of growth and development, and it usually gets better as they get older. […] But in some children and adults it may be caused by something else, such as: an injury to the knees or legs, osteomyelitis (a bone infection), arthritis, vitamin D deficiency, some genetic conditions which affect the joints such as joint hypermobility syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.

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