Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  If you have thyroid cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type, stage and characteristics of your cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] A prognostic factor is an aspect of the cancer or a characteristic of the person that the doctor will consider when making a prognosis. A predictive factor influences how a cancer will respond to a certain treatment. Prognostic and predictive factors are often discussed together. They both play a part in deciding on a treatment plan and a prognosis.

• #2 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  If you have thyroid cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type, stage and characteristics of your cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] A prognostic factor is an aspect of the cancer or a characteristic of the person that the doctor will consider when making a prognosis. A predictive factor influences how a cancer will respond to a certain treatment. Prognostic and predictive factors are often discussed together. They both play a part in deciding on a treatment plan and a prognosis.

• #3 Thyroid Nodule – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535422/

  Most thyroid nodules are benign. Concern for malignancy is increased by initial findings such as normal to high serum TSH level, history of irradiation or MEN, and some ultrasonographic features, including microcalcifications and irregular margins hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide shape, and vascularity. […] While solitary nodules pose a higher risk for malignancy than nodules within a multinodular thyroid, the overall risk of malignancy will be approximately equal due to the additive risk of each nodule in a patient with a multinodular gland. […] The prognosis for thyroid malignancy will greatly vary depending on the histological type and subtype of cancer in addition to several individual characteristics, including age at diagnosis, size of the primary tumor, presence of soft tissue invasion, or distant metastasis.

• #4 Thyroid Nodule – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535422/

  Most thyroid nodules are benign. Concern for malignancy is increased by initial findings such as normal to high serum TSH level, history of irradiation or MEN, and some ultrasonographic features, including microcalcifications and irregular margins hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide shape, and vascularity. […] While solitary nodules pose a higher risk for malignancy than nodules within a multinodular thyroid, the overall risk of malignancy will be approximately equal due to the additive risk of each nodule in a patient with a multinodular gland. […] The prognosis for thyroid malignancy will greatly vary depending on the histological type and subtype of cancer in addition to several individual characteristics, including age at diagnosis, size of the primary tumor, presence of soft tissue invasion, or distant metastasis.

• #5 Thyroid Nodule – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535422/

  Most thyroid nodules are benign. Concern for malignancy is increased by initial findings such as normal to high serum TSH level, history of irradiation or MEN, and some ultrasonographic features, including microcalcifications and irregular margins hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide shape, and vascularity. […] While solitary nodules pose a higher risk for malignancy than nodules within a multinodular thyroid, the overall risk of malignancy will be approximately equal due to the additive risk of each nodule in a patient with a multinodular gland. […] The prognosis for thyroid malignancy will greatly vary depending on the histological type and subtype of cancer in addition to several individual characteristics, including age at diagnosis, size of the primary tumor, presence of soft tissue invasion, or distant metastasis.

• #6 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  The type of tumour is the most important prognostic factor for thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer has the best outcome and most favourable prognosis. It tends to respond well to treatment. Follicular thyroid cancer or medullary thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, but less favourable than papillary thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a very poor prognosis. […] Age is an important prognostic factor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. People under 40 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] The lower the stage at diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Tumours that are larger than 4 cm or have grown through the thyroid to surrounding tissues and structures have a less favourable prognosis. Thyroid cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (called distant metastases) also has a less favourable prognosis. […] People who have medullary thyroid cancer associated with the hereditary condition MEN2B tend to have a poor prognosis. They are often diagnosed with more advanced thyroid cancer.

• #7 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  The type of tumour is the most important prognostic factor for thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer has the best outcome and most favourable prognosis. It tends to respond well to treatment. Follicular thyroid cancer or medullary thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, but less favourable than papillary thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a very poor prognosis. […] Age is an important prognostic factor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. People under 40 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] The lower the stage at diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Tumours that are larger than 4 cm or have grown through the thyroid to surrounding tissues and structures have a less favourable prognosis. Thyroid cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (called distant metastases) also has a less favourable prognosis. […] People who have medullary thyroid cancer associated with the hereditary condition MEN2B tend to have a poor prognosis. They are often diagnosed with more advanced thyroid cancer.

• #8 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  The type of tumour is the most important prognostic factor for thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer has the best outcome and most favourable prognosis. It tends to respond well to treatment. Follicular thyroid cancer or medullary thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, but less favourable than papillary thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a very poor prognosis. […] Age is an important prognostic factor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. People under 40 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] The lower the stage at diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Tumours that are larger than 4 cm or have grown through the thyroid to surrounding tissues and structures have a less favourable prognosis. Thyroid cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (called distant metastases) also has a less favourable prognosis. […] People who have medullary thyroid cancer associated with the hereditary condition MEN2B tend to have a poor prognosis. They are often diagnosed with more advanced thyroid cancer.

• #9 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  The type of tumour is the most important prognostic factor for thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer has the best outcome and most favourable prognosis. It tends to respond well to treatment. Follicular thyroid cancer or medullary thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, but less favourable than papillary thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a very poor prognosis. […] Age is an important prognostic factor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. People under 40 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] The lower the stage at diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Tumours that are larger than 4 cm or have grown through the thyroid to surrounding tissues and structures have a less favourable prognosis. Thyroid cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (called distant metastases) also has a less favourable prognosis. […] People who have medullary thyroid cancer associated with the hereditary condition MEN2B tend to have a poor prognosis. They are often diagnosed with more advanced thyroid cancer.

• #10 Prognosis and survival for thyroid cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/thyroid/prognosis-and-survival

  The type of tumour is the most important prognostic factor for thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer has the best outcome and most favourable prognosis. It tends to respond well to treatment. Follicular thyroid cancer or medullary thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, but less favourable than papillary thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer has a very poor prognosis. […] Age is an important prognostic factor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. People under 40 years of age have a more favourable prognosis. […] The lower the stage at diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Tumours that are larger than 4 cm or have grown through the thyroid to surrounding tissues and structures have a less favourable prognosis. Thyroid cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (called distant metastases) also has a less favourable prognosis. […] People who have medullary thyroid cancer associated with the hereditary condition MEN2B tend to have a poor prognosis. They are often diagnosed with more advanced thyroid cancer.

• #11 Thyroid Nodule – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535422/

  Most patients with papillary thyroid cancer do not die of the disease. One case series on patients with non-metastatic papillary thyroid cancer showed malignancy-related mortality of 6%. […] Other factors associated with an increase of malignancy recurrence or death include male gender, mediastinal lymph node involvement, delay in primary surgical therapy of more than 1 year after detection of a nodule, and multicentricity of the intrathyroidal tumor. […] Follicular cancer generally occurs in older patients and follows an aggressive course. It is commonly associated with distant metastasis and higher mortality than papillary thyroid cancer.

• #12 Predicting thyroid cancer outcomes using machine learning: a move toward precision medicine

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/april-2024/vol-17-issue-4-p-11-12/

  BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer has an excellent overall prognosis with a low recurrence rate and very few patients actually die from the disease. […] The ATA Risk Stratification System is a widely used method to estimate the prognosis and recurrence risk based on specific features and helps to guide treatment and follow-up for thyroid cancer patients. […] The two decision-tree models showed better performance as compared with the ATA Risk Stratification System. […] Several factors not included in the ATA risk stratification system, such as age, gender, body-mass index (BMI), circumstance of cancer diagnosis, family history of thyroid cancer, surgical method, presurgical cytology result from thyroid nodule biopsy were found to affect the prediction of thyroid cancer persistence or recurrence.

• #13 Thyroid Nodule – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535422/

  Most patients with papillary thyroid cancer do not die of the disease. One case series on patients with non-metastatic papillary thyroid cancer showed malignancy-related mortality of 6%. […] Other factors associated with an increase of malignancy recurrence or death include male gender, mediastinal lymph node involvement, delay in primary surgical therapy of more than 1 year after detection of a nodule, and multicentricity of the intrathyroidal tumor. […] Follicular cancer generally occurs in older patients and follows an aggressive course. It is commonly associated with distant metastasis and higher mortality than papillary thyroid cancer.

• #14 Frontiers | Editorial: Papillary thyroid cancer: prognostic factors and risk assessment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1578271/abstract

  Thyroid cancer is not only the most common endocrine malignancy, but its incidence has been continuously growing during the last 40 years, being more than triplicated (1). Among thyroid malignancies, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is by far the most common, reaching a prevalence of about 80%, and, notably, represents the unique responsible for the increased incidence (2). Upon thyroid ablation (thyroidectomy with or without iodine-131 administration), PTC has excellent prognosis with nearly 100% 5-years disease-specific survival (3) and very low risk of disease recurrence (4). However, 25-30% of patients experience persistent structural disease/recurrence upon initial standard treatment, and a relevant portion of them (11 and 57% for those showing lymph node (LN) and distant metastases, respectively) die as related to PTC (5).

• #15 Frontiers | Editorial: Papillary thyroid cancer: prognostic factors and risk assessment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1578271/abstract

  Thyroid cancer is not only the most common endocrine malignancy, but its incidence has been continuously growing during the last 40 years, being more than triplicated (1). Among thyroid malignancies, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is by far the most common, reaching a prevalence of about 80%, and, notably, represents the unique responsible for the increased incidence (2). Upon thyroid ablation (thyroidectomy with or without iodine-131 administration), PTC has excellent prognosis with nearly 100% 5-years disease-specific survival (3) and very low risk of disease recurrence (4). However, 25-30% of patients experience persistent structural disease/recurrence upon initial standard treatment, and a relevant portion of them (11 and 57% for those showing lymph node (LN) and distant metastases, respectively) die as related to PTC (5).

• #16 Thyroid Nodule – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535422/

  Most patients with papillary thyroid cancer do not die of the disease. One case series on patients with non-metastatic papillary thyroid cancer showed malignancy-related mortality of 6%. […] Other factors associated with an increase of malignancy recurrence or death include male gender, mediastinal lymph node involvement, delay in primary surgical therapy of more than 1 year after detection of a nodule, and multicentricity of the intrathyroidal tumor. […] Follicular cancer generally occurs in older patients and follows an aggressive course. It is commonly associated with distant metastasis and higher mortality than papillary thyroid cancer.

• #17 External Validation of a Predictive Model for Thyroid Cancer Risk with Decision Curve Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/686

  The external validation of our predictive model demonstrates its robustness and generalizability across different populations and clinical settings. […] The integration of advanced diagnostic tools, such as AI and ML models, improves the accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules, thereby optimizing treatment strategies and minimizing invasive procedures. […] The early detection of thyroid cancer (TC) is crucial for improving patient outcomes, particularly when compared to the limited prognosis associated with advanced thyroid tumors. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, which significantly enhances survival rates, especially in cases like medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), where early-stage detection can lead to a 90–100% ten-year survival rate. In contrast, advanced stages of TC are linked to a stark decline in prognosis, with survival rates dropping to as low as 17%.

• #18 Predicting thyroid cancer outcomes using machine learning: a move toward precision medicine

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/april-2024/vol-17-issue-4-p-11-12/

  BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer has an excellent overall prognosis with a low recurrence rate and very few patients actually die from the disease. […] The ATA Risk Stratification System is a widely used method to estimate the prognosis and recurrence risk based on specific features and helps to guide treatment and follow-up for thyroid cancer patients. […] The two decision-tree models showed better performance as compared with the ATA Risk Stratification System. […] Several factors not included in the ATA risk stratification system, such as age, gender, body-mass index (BMI), circumstance of cancer diagnosis, family history of thyroid cancer, surgical method, presurgical cytology result from thyroid nodule biopsy were found to affect the prediction of thyroid cancer persistence or recurrence.

• #19 Predicting thyroid cancer outcomes using machine learning: a move toward precision medicine

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/april-2024/vol-17-issue-4-p-11-12/

  BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer has an excellent overall prognosis with a low recurrence rate and very few patients actually die from the disease. […] The ATA Risk Stratification System is a widely used method to estimate the prognosis and recurrence risk based on specific features and helps to guide treatment and follow-up for thyroid cancer patients. […] The two decision-tree models showed better performance as compared with the ATA Risk Stratification System. […] Several factors not included in the ATA risk stratification system, such as age, gender, body-mass index (BMI), circumstance of cancer diagnosis, family history of thyroid cancer, surgical method, presurgical cytology result from thyroid nodule biopsy were found to affect the prediction of thyroid cancer persistence or recurrence.

• #20 Predicting thyroid cancer outcomes using machine learning: a move toward precision medicine

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/april-2024/vol-17-issue-4-p-11-12/

  BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer has an excellent overall prognosis with a low recurrence rate and very few patients actually die from the disease. […] The ATA Risk Stratification System is a widely used method to estimate the prognosis and recurrence risk based on specific features and helps to guide treatment and follow-up for thyroid cancer patients. […] The two decision-tree models showed better performance as compared with the ATA Risk Stratification System. […] Several factors not included in the ATA risk stratification system, such as age, gender, body-mass index (BMI), circumstance of cancer diagnosis, family history of thyroid cancer, surgical method, presurgical cytology result from thyroid nodule biopsy were found to affect the prediction of thyroid cancer persistence or recurrence.

• #21 Frontiers | Editorial: Papillary thyroid cancer: prognostic factors and risk assessment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1578271/abstract

  In order to overcome these limitations, the majority of guidelines (10, 11) elaborated a prognostic dynamic model, where disease evolution, as assessed by post-ablative biochemical and morphological data, was added to static parameters. According to such approach, long-term PTC management is determined by the so-called response to initial therapy assessment, a dynamic evaluation based on the determination of disease status starting 6-18 months after thyroid ablation, and updated at each follow-up visit. The incorporation of such parameter in the prognostic staging has demonstrated dramatic improvement of the risk stratification power (4). […] This Research Topic provides news insights about the prediction of specific pathological features affecting PTC outcome, such as the development of LN metastases, and about the risk assessment in the context of specific clinical settings, such as elderly and pediatric PTC, micro-PTC, and PTC at intermediate risk of recurrence.

• #22 Prognostication and Therapy | Thyroseq®

  https://www.thyroseq.com/physicians/test-description/prognostication-and-therapy/

  Comprehensive molecular profiling by ThyroSeq provides pre-operative prognostication of cancerous nodules, informing the extent of surgery and therapeutic options […] ThyroSeq provides most complete pre-operative assessment of risk of cancer recurrence in patients with thyroid nodules. […] the main focus of the test is to predict risk of cancer recurrence required for selecting the extent of surgical management and further therapeutic options for patients with thyroid cancer. […] The findings are reported as Low, Intermediate or High risk of Cancer Recurrence. […] Prognostic information contained in the proprietary database of 3,000 thyroid nodules with known surgical outcome.

• #23 Prognostication and Therapy | Thyroseq®

  https://www.thyroseq.com/physicians/test-description/prognostication-and-therapy/

  Comprehensive molecular profiling by ThyroSeq provides pre-operative prognostication of cancerous nodules, informing the extent of surgery and therapeutic options […] ThyroSeq provides most complete pre-operative assessment of risk of cancer recurrence in patients with thyroid nodules. […] the main focus of the test is to predict risk of cancer recurrence required for selecting the extent of surgical management and further therapeutic options for patients with thyroid cancer. […] The findings are reported as Low, Intermediate or High risk of Cancer Recurrence. […] Prognostic information contained in the proprietary database of 3,000 thyroid nodules with known surgical outcome.

• #24 Prognostication and Therapy | Thyroseq®

  https://www.thyroseq.com/physicians/test-description/prognostication-and-therapy/

  Comprehensive molecular profiling by ThyroSeq provides pre-operative prognostication of cancerous nodules, informing the extent of surgery and therapeutic options […] ThyroSeq provides most complete pre-operative assessment of risk of cancer recurrence in patients with thyroid nodules. […] the main focus of the test is to predict risk of cancer recurrence required for selecting the extent of surgical management and further therapeutic options for patients with thyroid cancer. […] The findings are reported as Low, Intermediate or High risk of Cancer Recurrence. […] Prognostic information contained in the proprietary database of 3,000 thyroid nodules with known surgical outcome.

• #25 Prognostication and Therapy | Thyroseq®

  https://www.thyroseq.com/physicians/test-description/prognostication-and-therapy/

  Comprehensive molecular profiling by ThyroSeq provides pre-operative prognostication of cancerous nodules, informing the extent of surgery and therapeutic options […] ThyroSeq provides most complete pre-operative assessment of risk of cancer recurrence in patients with thyroid nodules. […] the main focus of the test is to predict risk of cancer recurrence required for selecting the extent of surgical management and further therapeutic options for patients with thyroid cancer. […] The findings are reported as Low, Intermediate or High risk of Cancer Recurrence. […] Prognostic information contained in the proprietary database of 3,000 thyroid nodules with known surgical outcome.

• #26 Prognostication and Therapy | Thyroseq®

  https://www.thyroseq.com/physicians/test-description/prognostication-and-therapy/

  Comprehensive molecular profiling by ThyroSeq provides pre-operative prognostication of cancerous nodules, informing the extent of surgery and therapeutic options […] ThyroSeq provides most complete pre-operative assessment of risk of cancer recurrence in patients with thyroid nodules. […] the main focus of the test is to predict risk of cancer recurrence required for selecting the extent of surgical management and further therapeutic options for patients with thyroid cancer. […] The findings are reported as Low, Intermediate or High risk of Cancer Recurrence. […] Prognostic information contained in the proprietary database of 3,000 thyroid nodules with known surgical outcome.

• #27 Predicting thyroid cancer outcomes using machine learning: a move toward precision medicine

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/april-2024/vol-17-issue-4-p-11-12/

  This study’s results suggest that machine learning systems using large databases can improve prediction of thyroid cancer persistence or recurrence. Inclusion of additional variables than those used in current risk-stratification systems can improve the risk assessment. This represents an important step towards precision medicine in predicting thyroid cancer recurrence.

• #28 Molecular alteration patterns predict tumor behavior in papillary thyroid carcinoma independent of tumor size: insights from an international multicenter retrospective study | Thyroid Research | Full Text

  https://thyroidresearchjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13044-025-00231-0

  Molecular testing of thyroid nodules provides a more accurate prediction of tumor behavior compared to tumor size alone. These findings suggest that future staging systems could benefit from incorporating molecular alteration patterns into their algorithms. […] This large retrospective multi-institutional international study showed that molecular alterations patterns, BRAF-like, RAS-like, and non-BRAF-non-RAS (NBNR), may be associated with tumor behavior, predicting aggressive features such as nodal metastasis and extrathyroidal extension better than tumor size. […] Interestingly, our study also has mostly young patients with small tumors, as the median tumor size was 15 mm (interquartile range 1024 mm). In other words, only a few patients were staged T3 because of tumor size alone. […] In conclusion, in the current era, relying solely on tumor size as a prognostic marker in papillary thyroid carcinoma may be inadequate, as early-detected small tumors might not fully exhibit their aggressive potential. Our findings suggest that molecular alteration patterns such as BRAF-like, RAS-like, and NBNR provide a more accurate prediction of aggressive behavior. Integrating molecular profiling into clinical practice could enhance the precision of treatment strategies, particularly for early-stage, small tumors. The additional certainty regarding the prognosis is expected to translate to decreased stress and reduced anxiety in patients.

• #29 Molecular alteration patterns predict tumor behavior in papillary thyroid carcinoma independent of tumor size: insights from an international multicenter retrospective study | Thyroid Research | Full Text

  https://thyroidresearchjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13044-025-00231-0

  Molecular testing of thyroid nodules provides a more accurate prediction of tumor behavior compared to tumor size alone. These findings suggest that future staging systems could benefit from incorporating molecular alteration patterns into their algorithms. […] This large retrospective multi-institutional international study showed that molecular alterations patterns, BRAF-like, RAS-like, and non-BRAF-non-RAS (NBNR), may be associated with tumor behavior, predicting aggressive features such as nodal metastasis and extrathyroidal extension better than tumor size. […] Interestingly, our study also has mostly young patients with small tumors, as the median tumor size was 15 mm (interquartile range 1024 mm). In other words, only a few patients were staged T3 because of tumor size alone. […] In conclusion, in the current era, relying solely on tumor size as a prognostic marker in papillary thyroid carcinoma may be inadequate, as early-detected small tumors might not fully exhibit their aggressive potential. Our findings suggest that molecular alteration patterns such as BRAF-like, RAS-like, and NBNR provide a more accurate prediction of aggressive behavior. Integrating molecular profiling into clinical practice could enhance the precision of treatment strategies, particularly for early-stage, small tumors. The additional certainty regarding the prognosis is expected to translate to decreased stress and reduced anxiety in patients.

• #30 Molecular alteration patterns predict tumor behavior in papillary thyroid carcinoma independent of tumor size: insights from an international multicenter retrospective study | Thyroid Research | Full Text

  https://thyroidresearchjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13044-025-00231-0

  Molecular testing of thyroid nodules provides a more accurate prediction of tumor behavior compared to tumor size alone. These findings suggest that future staging systems could benefit from incorporating molecular alteration patterns into their algorithms. […] This large retrospective multi-institutional international study showed that molecular alterations patterns, BRAF-like, RAS-like, and non-BRAF-non-RAS (NBNR), may be associated with tumor behavior, predicting aggressive features such as nodal metastasis and extrathyroidal extension better than tumor size. […] Interestingly, our study also has mostly young patients with small tumors, as the median tumor size was 15 mm (interquartile range 1024 mm). In other words, only a few patients were staged T3 because of tumor size alone. […] In conclusion, in the current era, relying solely on tumor size as a prognostic marker in papillary thyroid carcinoma may be inadequate, as early-detected small tumors might not fully exhibit their aggressive potential. Our findings suggest that molecular alteration patterns such as BRAF-like, RAS-like, and NBNR provide a more accurate prediction of aggressive behavior. Integrating molecular profiling into clinical practice could enhance the precision of treatment strategies, particularly for early-stage, small tumors. The additional certainty regarding the prognosis is expected to translate to decreased stress and reduced anxiety in patients.

• #31 An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47926-w

  Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence, we propose a machine learning-based objective method to individually predict their recurrence risk. […] Our study generates a protein-based personalized prognostic prediction model that can stratify PPTC patients into high- or low-recurrence risk groups, providing a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment. […] Although most PPTCs have a favorable prognosis, recurrence seriously affects patients disease-free survival and quality of life. Because the risk factors of PPTC recurrence are not clearly identified, there is currently a lack of effective methods for evaluating the prognosis of PPTC patients and classifying them into high- or low-recurrence risk groups.

• #32 An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47926-w

  Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence, we propose a machine learning-based objective method to individually predict their recurrence risk. […] Our study generates a protein-based personalized prognostic prediction model that can stratify PPTC patients into high- or low-recurrence risk groups, providing a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment. […] Although most PPTCs have a favorable prognosis, recurrence seriously affects patients disease-free survival and quality of life. Because the risk factors of PPTC recurrence are not clearly identified, there is currently a lack of effective methods for evaluating the prognosis of PPTC patients and classifying them into high- or low-recurrence risk groups.

• #33 An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47926-w

  Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (PPTCs) exhibit high inter-tumor heterogeneity and currently lack widely adopted recurrence risk stratification criteria. Hence, we propose a machine learning-based objective method to individually predict their recurrence risk. […] Our study generates a protein-based personalized prognostic prediction model that can stratify PPTC patients into high- or low-recurrence risk groups, providing a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment. […] Although most PPTCs have a favorable prognosis, recurrence seriously affects patients disease-free survival and quality of life. Because the risk factors of PPTC recurrence are not clearly identified, there is currently a lack of effective methods for evaluating the prognosis of PPTC patients and classifying them into high- or low-recurrence risk groups.

• #34 An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47926-w

  Our results showed that age, TLNN, and LLNN may be risk factors for recurrence in pediatric patients. […] Our study provides a way to stratify pediatric patients with different recurrence risks, which may be a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment. […] The model could correctly predict the prognosis of 75 cases of our 85 PM patients with an accuracy of 88.24%. […] Based on the 19-protein panel, our ProtRsf model achieved an accuracy of 88.24% in stratifying PPTC patients into groups with a high or low risk of recurrence.

• #35 An individualized protein-based prognostic model to stratify pediatric patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47926-w

  Our results showed that age, TLNN, and LLNN may be risk factors for recurrence in pediatric patients. […] Our study provides a way to stratify pediatric patients with different recurrence risks, which may be a reference for clinical decision-making and individualized treatment. […] The model could correctly predict the prognosis of 75 cases of our 85 PM patients with an accuracy of 88.24%. […] Based on the 19-protein panel, our ProtRsf model achieved an accuracy of 88.24% in stratifying PPTC patients into groups with a high or low risk of recurrence.

• #36 Frontiers | Editorial: Papillary thyroid cancer: prognostic factors and risk assessment

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/endocrinology/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1578271/abstract

  The main limit of the studies included in the Research Topic, similarly to the vast majority of publications about PTC prognostics (which represent the mainstay of the current guidelines), is the retrospective nature. Hence, there is a great need of data from prospective observational studies, in order to refine the actual impact of each clinical features on disease outcome and to improve the risk assessment tools.

• #37 Long-term outcome following laser therapy of benign cystic-solid thyroid nodules in: Endocrine Connections Volume 8 Issue 7 (2019)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/7/EC-19-0236.xml

  Laser therapy (LT) is considered a safe and effective procedure for inducing thyroid nodule necrosis, fibrosis and shrinkage. Little is known about long-term efficacy of LT in benign complex thyroid nodules, which we report here. […] The overall median nodule volume in the 110 patients decreased from 9.0mL (range: 2.0158.0) to 1.2mL (range: 0.085.0) (P0.001) at the final evaluation, corresponding to a median reduction of 85% (range: 49 to 100%). […] US-guided aspiration and subsequent LT of benign recurrent cystic thyroid nodules results in a satisfactory long-term clinical response in the majority of patients. LT constitutes a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in such patients. […] In this long-term follow-up study, we show that LT is effective in such patients and that the vast majority obtain cure of the relapsing cystic part of their thyroid nodule. At the final evaluation, a median reduction of the total nodule volume of 92% was achieved and remission of the cystic part (volume 1mL) was obtained in 82 of 110 (75%) patients.

• #38 Long-term outcome following laser therapy of benign cystic-solid thyroid nodules in: Endocrine Connections Volume 8 Issue 7 (2019)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/7/EC-19-0236.xml

  Laser therapy (LT) is considered a safe and effective procedure for inducing thyroid nodule necrosis, fibrosis and shrinkage. Little is known about long-term efficacy of LT in benign complex thyroid nodules, which we report here. […] The overall median nodule volume in the 110 patients decreased from 9.0mL (range: 2.0158.0) to 1.2mL (range: 0.085.0) (P0.001) at the final evaluation, corresponding to a median reduction of 85% (range: 49 to 100%). […] US-guided aspiration and subsequent LT of benign recurrent cystic thyroid nodules results in a satisfactory long-term clinical response in the majority of patients. LT constitutes a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in such patients. […] In this long-term follow-up study, we show that LT is effective in such patients and that the vast majority obtain cure of the relapsing cystic part of their thyroid nodule. At the final evaluation, a median reduction of the total nodule volume of 92% was achieved and remission of the cystic part (volume 1mL) was obtained in 82 of 110 (75%) patients.

• #39 Long-term outcome following laser therapy of benign cystic-solid thyroid nodules in: Endocrine Connections Volume 8 Issue 7 (2019)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/7/EC-19-0236.xml

  Laser therapy (LT) is considered a safe and effective procedure for inducing thyroid nodule necrosis, fibrosis and shrinkage. Little is known about long-term efficacy of LT in benign complex thyroid nodules, which we report here. […] The overall median nodule volume in the 110 patients decreased from 9.0mL (range: 2.0158.0) to 1.2mL (range: 0.085.0) (P0.001) at the final evaluation, corresponding to a median reduction of 85% (range: 49 to 100%). […] US-guided aspiration and subsequent LT of benign recurrent cystic thyroid nodules results in a satisfactory long-term clinical response in the majority of patients. LT constitutes a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in such patients. […] In this long-term follow-up study, we show that LT is effective in such patients and that the vast majority obtain cure of the relapsing cystic part of their thyroid nodule. At the final evaluation, a median reduction of the total nodule volume of 92% was achieved and remission of the cystic part (volume 1mL) was obtained in 82 of 110 (75%) patients.

• #40 Long-term outcome following laser therapy of benign cystic-solid thyroid nodules in: Endocrine Connections Volume 8 Issue 7 (2019)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/7/EC-19-0236.xml

  Laser therapy (LT) is considered a safe and effective procedure for inducing thyroid nodule necrosis, fibrosis and shrinkage. Little is known about long-term efficacy of LT in benign complex thyroid nodules, which we report here. […] The overall median nodule volume in the 110 patients decreased from 9.0mL (range: 2.0158.0) to 1.2mL (range: 0.085.0) (P0.001) at the final evaluation, corresponding to a median reduction of 85% (range: 49 to 100%). […] US-guided aspiration and subsequent LT of benign recurrent cystic thyroid nodules results in a satisfactory long-term clinical response in the majority of patients. LT constitutes a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in such patients. […] In this long-term follow-up study, we show that LT is effective in such patients and that the vast majority obtain cure of the relapsing cystic part of their thyroid nodule. At the final evaluation, a median reduction of the total nodule volume of 92% was achieved and remission of the cystic part (volume 1mL) was obtained in 82 of 110 (75%) patients.

• #41 Long-term outcome following laser therapy of benign cystic-solid thyroid nodules in: Endocrine Connections Volume 8 Issue 7 (2019)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/7/EC-19-0236.xml

  The only parameter which significantly affected the cure rate of the cystic part of the thyroid nodule was the number of aspirations before LT, in that a higher number of aspirations decreased the chance of success. […] LT is a minimally invasive, safe and low-cost procedure resulting in a satisfactory long-term (median 45 months) efficacy in four of five patients with a benign cystic-solid nodule. It is a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in selected patients, not least due to improved patient-related quality of life and minimal side effects.

• #42 Long-term outcome following laser therapy of benign cystic-solid thyroid nodules in: Endocrine Connections Volume 8 Issue 7 (2019)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/8/7/EC-19-0236.xml

  The only parameter which significantly affected the cure rate of the cystic part of the thyroid nodule was the number of aspirations before LT, in that a higher number of aspirations decreased the chance of success. […] LT is a minimally invasive, safe and low-cost procedure resulting in a satisfactory long-term (median 45 months) efficacy in four of five patients with a benign cystic-solid nodule. It is a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in selected patients, not least due to improved patient-related quality of life and minimal side effects.

• #43 Volume doubling time does not predict cancer in follicular neoplasm nodules

  https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/december-2019/vol-12-issue-12-p-11-12/

  THYROID NODULES Volume doubling time does not predict cancer in follicular neoplasm nodules […] The study showed no significant difference in the growth rate of benign and cancerous thyroid nodules with FN cytology assessed during ultrasound surveillance, suggesting that the tumor volume doubling time is not helpful to predict malignancy in these nodules prior to surgery.

• #44 External Validation of a Predictive Model for Thyroid Cancer Risk with Decision Curve Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/686

  The external validation of our predictive model demonstrates its robustness and generalizability across different populations and clinical settings. […] The integration of advanced diagnostic tools, such as AI and ML models, improves the accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules, thereby optimizing treatment strategies and minimizing invasive procedures. […] The early detection of thyroid cancer (TC) is crucial for improving patient outcomes, particularly when compared to the limited prognosis associated with advanced thyroid tumors. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, which significantly enhances survival rates, especially in cases like medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), where early-stage detection can lead to a 90–100% ten-year survival rate. In contrast, advanced stages of TC are linked to a stark decline in prognosis, with survival rates dropping to as low as 17%.

• #45 External Validation of a Predictive Model for Thyroid Cancer Risk with Decision Curve Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/686

  The external validation of our predictive model demonstrates its robustness and generalizability across different populations and clinical settings. […] The integration of advanced diagnostic tools, such as AI and ML models, improves the accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules, thereby optimizing treatment strategies and minimizing invasive procedures. […] The early detection of thyroid cancer (TC) is crucial for improving patient outcomes, particularly when compared to the limited prognosis associated with advanced thyroid tumors. Early diagnosis allows for timely intervention, which significantly enhances survival rates, especially in cases like medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), where early-stage detection can lead to a 90–100% ten-year survival rate. In contrast, advanced stages of TC are linked to a stark decline in prognosis, with survival rates dropping to as low as 17%.

• #46 External Validation of a Predictive Model for Thyroid Cancer Risk with Decision Curve Analysis

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/686

  The external validation process of the predictive model for thyroid nodule malignancy risk, developed by our group, demonstrates an adequate capacity to discriminate between malignant and benign nodules. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis conducted indicates that its use can be beneficial in clinical practice.

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