Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Predicting women with depressive symptoms postpartum with machine learning methods | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86368-y

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a detrimental health condition that affects 12% of new mothers. […] Despite PPD being a detrimental health condition for many women, numerous affected women fail to receive adequate care. […] The variables setting women at most risk for PPD were depression and anxiety during pregnancy, as well as variables related to resilience and personality. […] Future clinical models that could be implemented directly after delivery might consider including these variables in order to identify women at high risk for postpartum depression to facilitate individualized follow-up and cost-effectiveness. […] The strongest psychosocial factors are previous depression, severe life events, some forms of chronic stress and relationship struggles. […] The role of resilience and personality have been lately also gaining attention.

• #2 Predicting allergy and postpartum depression from an incomplete compositional microbiome | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.28.640766v2.full

  Time series of compositional data are a common format for many high-throughput studies of biological molecules, e.g., analyzing the response to a treatment or with the aim of predicting an outcome. […] We forecast postpartum depression based on gut microbiome data collected during pregnancy, with a balanced accuracy of 0.62. Features extracted from the microbiome time series, specifically ratios of bacterial abundance, are statistically significant indicators of depression. […] Between 12% and 20% of mothers experience postpartum depression within the first three months after childbirth. […] Identifying such predictors can help detect depression earlier and facilitate timely treatment. […] For forecasting postpartum depression at six weeks after childbirth based on data collected during pregnancy, the balanced accuracy is 0.62, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.39. […] We achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.62 and a sensitivity of 0.39, statistically outperforming random guessing and surpassing the accuracy of predictions on the basis of depression states observed during pregnancy.

• #3 Estimation of postpartum depression risk from electronic health records using machine learning | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-021-04087-8

  Postpartum depression is a widespread disorder, adversely affecting the well-being of mothers and their newborns. […] PPD risk prediction using EHR data may provide a complementary quantitative and objective tool for PPD screening, allowing earlier (pre-pregnancy) and more accurate identification of women at risk, timely interventions and potentially improved outcomes for the mother and child. […] PPD poses a serious threat on the wellbeing of the mother and the newborn child. […] The incorporation of EHR-based prediction of PPD may facilitate early screening programs before the beginning of the pregnancy or during the first trimester. […] Data from electronic health records can be used for identifying women at risk of PPD. Our machine learning-based models achieved fair prediction performance and provided additive value to existing screening tools (EPDS). Furthermore, it allowed early alert of PPD risk prior to pregnancy.

• #4 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #5 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #6 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #7 Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated with persistence in the first postnatal year: Prospective study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1894757/

  Of 129 mothers who completed follow-up, 73 (56%) were depressed at all points of assessment. […] Women who are poor and have more psychological symptoms during pregnancy are more likely to remain depressed one year after giving birth. […] The outcome is worse in infants whose mothers remained persistently depressed from the third trimester throughout the first postnatal year. […] The main findings of this study are that over half of mothers depressed in the third trimester of pregnancy continued to be depressed one year after giving birth. […] The strongest predictor of persistent depression in this study was a high score on the SRQ-20 in the third trimester pregnancy.

• #8 Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated with persistence in the first postnatal year: Prospective study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1894757/

  Of 129 mothers who completed follow-up, 73 (56%) were depressed at all points of assessment. […] Women who are poor and have more psychological symptoms during pregnancy are more likely to remain depressed one year after giving birth. […] The outcome is worse in infants whose mothers remained persistently depressed from the third trimester throughout the first postnatal year. […] The main findings of this study are that over half of mothers depressed in the third trimester of pregnancy continued to be depressed one year after giving birth. […] The strongest predictor of persistent depression in this study was a high score on the SRQ-20 in the third trimester pregnancy.

• #9 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #10 Predicting women with depressive symptoms postpartum with machine learning methods | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86368-y

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a detrimental health condition that affects 12% of new mothers. […] Despite PPD being a detrimental health condition for many women, numerous affected women fail to receive adequate care. […] The variables setting women at most risk for PPD were depression and anxiety during pregnancy, as well as variables related to resilience and personality. […] Future clinical models that could be implemented directly after delivery might consider including these variables in order to identify women at high risk for postpartum depression to facilitate individualized follow-up and cost-effectiveness. […] The strongest psychosocial factors are previous depression, severe life events, some forms of chronic stress and relationship struggles. […] The role of resilience and personality have been lately also gaining attention.

• #11 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #12 Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated with persistence in the first postnatal year: Prospective study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1894757/

  Of 129 mothers who completed follow-up, 73 (56%) were depressed at all points of assessment. […] Women who are poor and have more psychological symptoms during pregnancy are more likely to remain depressed one year after giving birth. […] The outcome is worse in infants whose mothers remained persistently depressed from the third trimester throughout the first postnatal year. […] The main findings of this study are that over half of mothers depressed in the third trimester of pregnancy continued to be depressed one year after giving birth. […] The strongest predictor of persistent depression in this study was a high score on the SRQ-20 in the third trimester pregnancy.

• #13 Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated with persistence in the first postnatal year: Prospective study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1894757/

  Of 129 mothers who completed follow-up, 73 (56%) were depressed at all points of assessment. […] Women who are poor and have more psychological symptoms during pregnancy are more likely to remain depressed one year after giving birth. […] The outcome is worse in infants whose mothers remained persistently depressed from the third trimester throughout the first postnatal year. […] The main findings of this study are that over half of mothers depressed in the third trimester of pregnancy continued to be depressed one year after giving birth. […] The strongest predictor of persistent depression in this study was a high score on the SRQ-20 in the third trimester pregnancy.

• #14 Predicting women with depressive symptoms postpartum with machine learning methods | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86368-y

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a detrimental health condition that affects 12% of new mothers. […] Despite PPD being a detrimental health condition for many women, numerous affected women fail to receive adequate care. […] The variables setting women at most risk for PPD were depression and anxiety during pregnancy, as well as variables related to resilience and personality. […] Future clinical models that could be implemented directly after delivery might consider including these variables in order to identify women at high risk for postpartum depression to facilitate individualized follow-up and cost-effectiveness. […] The strongest psychosocial factors are previous depression, severe life events, some forms of chronic stress and relationship struggles. […] The role of resilience and personality have been lately also gaining attention.

• #15 Suicide in Postpartum Women: Can We Predict Who is at Risk? – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/10746/

  Women are at significant risk for severe psychiatric illness after childbirth, particularly during the first three months. […] In order to reliably identify factors which predict risk for suicide, we need to be able to study large numbers of postpartum women. […] The maternal suicide rate was about threefold higher in women born in low-income countries (odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.7)). […] Looking at the first year after diagnosis, suicide risk increased dramatically and was nearly 300 times higher in the women with postpartum psychiatric illness than the suicide risk observed in women with no psychiatric history (MMR=289.42; 95% CI=144.02-581.62). […] While many women who attempt suicide during the postpartum period have contact with a mental health provider at some point prior to making an attempt, the Swedish study noted that about a quarter of the women who committed suicide had no history of psychiatric care.

• #16 Predicting women with depressive symptoms postpartum with machine learning methods | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86368-y

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a detrimental health condition that affects 12% of new mothers. […] Despite PPD being a detrimental health condition for many women, numerous affected women fail to receive adequate care. […] The variables setting women at most risk for PPD were depression and anxiety during pregnancy, as well as variables related to resilience and personality. […] Future clinical models that could be implemented directly after delivery might consider including these variables in order to identify women at high risk for postpartum depression to facilitate individualized follow-up and cost-effectiveness. […] The strongest psychosocial factors are previous depression, severe life events, some forms of chronic stress and relationship struggles. […] The role of resilience and personality have been lately also gaining attention.

• #17 Suicide in Postpartum Women: Can We Predict Who is at Risk? – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/10746/

  Women are at significant risk for severe psychiatric illness after childbirth, particularly during the first three months. […] In order to reliably identify factors which predict risk for suicide, we need to be able to study large numbers of postpartum women. […] The maternal suicide rate was about threefold higher in women born in low-income countries (odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.7)). […] Looking at the first year after diagnosis, suicide risk increased dramatically and was nearly 300 times higher in the women with postpartum psychiatric illness than the suicide risk observed in women with no psychiatric history (MMR=289.42; 95% CI=144.02-581.62). […] While many women who attempt suicide during the postpartum period have contact with a mental health provider at some point prior to making an attempt, the Swedish study noted that about a quarter of the women who committed suicide had no history of psychiatric care.

• #18 Suicide in Postpartum Women: Can We Predict Who is at Risk? – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/10746/

  Women are at significant risk for severe psychiatric illness after childbirth, particularly during the first three months. […] In order to reliably identify factors which predict risk for suicide, we need to be able to study large numbers of postpartum women. […] The maternal suicide rate was about threefold higher in women born in low-income countries (odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.7)). […] Looking at the first year after diagnosis, suicide risk increased dramatically and was nearly 300 times higher in the women with postpartum psychiatric illness than the suicide risk observed in women with no psychiatric history (MMR=289.42; 95% CI=144.02-581.62). […] While many women who attempt suicide during the postpartum period have contact with a mental health provider at some point prior to making an attempt, the Swedish study noted that about a quarter of the women who committed suicide had no history of psychiatric care.

• #19 Suicide in Postpartum Women: Can We Predict Who is at Risk? – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/10746/

  Women are at significant risk for severe psychiatric illness after childbirth, particularly during the first three months. […] In order to reliably identify factors which predict risk for suicide, we need to be able to study large numbers of postpartum women. […] The maternal suicide rate was about threefold higher in women born in low-income countries (odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.7)). […] Looking at the first year after diagnosis, suicide risk increased dramatically and was nearly 300 times higher in the women with postpartum psychiatric illness than the suicide risk observed in women with no psychiatric history (MMR=289.42; 95% CI=144.02-581.62). […] While many women who attempt suicide during the postpartum period have contact with a mental health provider at some point prior to making an attempt, the Swedish study noted that about a quarter of the women who committed suicide had no history of psychiatric care.

• #20 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #21 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #22 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] Recovery is more difficult and longer for women that have had previous depressive episodes or during the pregnancy and in difficult socio-economic situations. […] Furthermore, postnatal depression, particularly if it is severe and/or has become chronic, has a negative impact on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural development of the children. The exposure to maternal depression in the first years of life is a risk factor for neurodevelopment. This impact, however, is not irreversible. The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND.

• #23 Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated with persistence in the first postnatal year: Prospective study from Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1894757/

  Of 129 mothers who completed follow-up, 73 (56%) were depressed at all points of assessment. […] Women who are poor and have more psychological symptoms during pregnancy are more likely to remain depressed one year after giving birth. […] The outcome is worse in infants whose mothers remained persistently depressed from the third trimester throughout the first postnatal year. […] The main findings of this study are that over half of mothers depressed in the third trimester of pregnancy continued to be depressed one year after giving birth. […] The strongest predictor of persistent depression in this study was a high score on the SRQ-20 in the third trimester pregnancy.

• #24 Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4022

  An EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity; a cut-off value of 13 or higher was less sensitive but more specific. […] The present study found that an EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity. […] For semi-structured interviews, which are designed to closely replicate clinical diagnoses by mental health professionals, sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 88% for a cut-off value of 11 or higher. […] The cut-off value of 11 or higher that maximised combined sensitivity and specificity in the present study is lower than both the most commonly used cut-off value of 13 or higher and the cut-off value of 12 or higher that maximised combined sensitivity and specificity in a previous EPDS accuracy meta-analysis.

• #25 Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4022

  An EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity; a cut-off value of 13 or higher was less sensitive but more specific. […] The present study found that an EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity. […] For semi-structured interviews, which are designed to closely replicate clinical diagnoses by mental health professionals, sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 88% for a cut-off value of 11 or higher. […] The cut-off value of 11 or higher that maximised combined sensitivity and specificity in the present study is lower than both the most commonly used cut-off value of 13 or higher and the cut-off value of 12 or higher that maximised combined sensitivity and specificity in a previous EPDS accuracy meta-analysis.

• #26 Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4022

  An EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity; a cut-off value of 13 or higher was less sensitive but more specific. […] The present study found that an EPDS cut-off value of 11 or higher maximised combined sensitivity and specificity. […] For semi-structured interviews, which are designed to closely replicate clinical diagnoses by mental health professionals, sensitivity and specificity were 81% and 88% for a cut-off value of 11 or higher. […] The cut-off value of 11 or higher that maximised combined sensitivity and specificity in the present study is lower than both the most commonly used cut-off value of 13 or higher and the cut-off value of 12 or higher that maximised combined sensitivity and specificity in a previous EPDS accuracy meta-analysis.

• #27 Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4022

  The present study showed that the same cut-off value can be used in pregnant and postpartum women. […] Clinicians considering screening for depression with the EPDS can refer to our online tool (depressionscreening100.com/epds) to identify alternative cut-off values that maximise other parameters. […] Well conducted trials are needed to determine if screening with the EPDS could improve mental health outcomes and minimise harms and resource use.

• #28 Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4022

  The present study showed that the same cut-off value can be used in pregnant and postpartum women. […] Clinicians considering screening for depression with the EPDS can refer to our online tool (depressionscreening100.com/epds) to identify alternative cut-off values that maximise other parameters. […] Well conducted trials are needed to determine if screening with the EPDS could improve mental health outcomes and minimise harms and resource use.

• #29 Predicting women with depressive symptoms postpartum with machine learning methods | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86368-y

  The predictive algorithms reach an accuracy for the whole group of 73% and AUC of 81%, which is at the limit for possible use in clinical settings. […] These results suggest a possible benefit of using ML to screen new mothers at discharge from the delivery ward in order to identify those at high risk for postpartum depressive symptoms. […] The predictive algorithms have relatively good accuracy and AUC, with XRT performing best.

• #30 Predicting women with depressive symptoms postpartum with machine learning methods | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86368-y

  The predictive algorithms reach an accuracy for the whole group of 73% and AUC of 81%, which is at the limit for possible use in clinical settings. […] These results suggest a possible benefit of using ML to screen new mothers at discharge from the delivery ward in order to identify those at high risk for postpartum depressive symptoms. […] The predictive algorithms have relatively good accuracy and AUC, with XRT performing best.

• #31 Estimation of postpartum depression risk from electronic health records using machine learning | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-021-04087-8

  Postpartum depression is a widespread disorder, adversely affecting the well-being of mothers and their newborns. […] PPD risk prediction using EHR data may provide a complementary quantitative and objective tool for PPD screening, allowing earlier (pre-pregnancy) and more accurate identification of women at risk, timely interventions and potentially improved outcomes for the mother and child. […] PPD poses a serious threat on the wellbeing of the mother and the newborn child. […] The incorporation of EHR-based prediction of PPD may facilitate early screening programs before the beginning of the pregnancy or during the first trimester. […] Data from electronic health records can be used for identifying women at risk of PPD. Our machine learning-based models achieved fair prediction performance and provided additive value to existing screening tools (EPDS). Furthermore, it allowed early alert of PPD risk prior to pregnancy.

• #32 Estimation of postpartum depression risk from electronic health records using machine learning | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-021-04087-8

  Postpartum depression is a widespread disorder, adversely affecting the well-being of mothers and their newborns. […] PPD risk prediction using EHR data may provide a complementary quantitative and objective tool for PPD screening, allowing earlier (pre-pregnancy) and more accurate identification of women at risk, timely interventions and potentially improved outcomes for the mother and child. […] PPD poses a serious threat on the wellbeing of the mother and the newborn child. […] The incorporation of EHR-based prediction of PPD may facilitate early screening programs before the beginning of the pregnancy or during the first trimester. […] Data from electronic health records can be used for identifying women at risk of PPD. Our machine learning-based models achieved fair prediction performance and provided additive value to existing screening tools (EPDS). Furthermore, it allowed early alert of PPD risk prior to pregnancy.

• #33 Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02909-9

  Perinatal affective disorders are common, but standard screening measures reliant on subjective self-reports might not be sufficient to identify pregnant women at-risk for developing postpartum depression and anxiety. Lower heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be associated with affective disorders. The current exploratory study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of late pregnancy HRV measurements of postpartum affective symptoms. […] Group comparisons indicated that lower pregnancy HRV was associated with depressive or anxious symptomatology at 6 weeks postpartum. […] Elastic net logistic regression analyses indicated that HRV indices alone were not predictive of postpartum depression or anxiety outcomes, but HRV indices were selected as predictors in a combined model with background and pregnancy variables.

• #34 Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02909-9

  Perinatal affective disorders are common, but standard screening measures reliant on subjective self-reports might not be sufficient to identify pregnant women at-risk for developing postpartum depression and anxiety. Lower heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be associated with affective disorders. The current exploratory study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of late pregnancy HRV measurements of postpartum affective symptoms. […] Group comparisons indicated that lower pregnancy HRV was associated with depressive or anxious symptomatology at 6 weeks postpartum. […] Elastic net logistic regression analyses indicated that HRV indices alone were not predictive of postpartum depression or anxiety outcomes, but HRV indices were selected as predictors in a combined model with background and pregnancy variables.

• #35 Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02909-9

  Perinatal affective disorders are common, but standard screening measures reliant on subjective self-reports might not be sufficient to identify pregnant women at-risk for developing postpartum depression and anxiety. Lower heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be associated with affective disorders. The current exploratory study aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of late pregnancy HRV measurements of postpartum affective symptoms. […] Group comparisons indicated that lower pregnancy HRV was associated with depressive or anxious symptomatology at 6 weeks postpartum. […] Elastic net logistic regression analyses indicated that HRV indices alone were not predictive of postpartum depression or anxiety outcomes, but HRV indices were selected as predictors in a combined model with background and pregnancy variables.

• #36 Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02909-9

  HRV indices predictive of postpartum depression generally differed from those predictive of postpartum anxiety. […] Studies examining HRV during pregnancy and the postpartum period have been scarce and have primarily shown associations between altered autonomic activity and symptoms of depression and stress in pregnant women. […] The aim of the current study was to conduct an exploratory analysis to investigate if proxies of the stress and adaptive responses, operationalized as a variety of late pregnancy HRV indices measured before and after a stressor, could predict postpartum depression and anxiety. […] We found that certain HRV indices were significantly lower in women who reported postpartum depression and anxiety. However, we found that HRV indices alone were not predictive of postpartum depression or anxiety, and did not significantly improve the predictive power of models comprised of psychological scales in women with pregnancy depression and anxiety.

• #37 Investigating heart rate variability measures during pregnancy as predictors of postpartum depression and anxiety: an exploratory study | Translational Psychiatry

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02909-9

  The current study does not provide evidence for the use of HRV indices for prediction of postpartum depression and anxiety in women with known pregnancy depression and anxiety. Further studies investigating the ability of HRV to predict postpartum affective disorders are warranted among women without pregnancy symptoms of depression or anxiety.

• #38 Predicting allergy and postpartum depression from an incomplete compositional microbiome | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.28.640766v2.full

  Time series of compositional data are a common format for many high-throughput studies of biological molecules, e.g., analyzing the response to a treatment or with the aim of predicting an outcome. […] We forecast postpartum depression based on gut microbiome data collected during pregnancy, with a balanced accuracy of 0.62. Features extracted from the microbiome time series, specifically ratios of bacterial abundance, are statistically significant indicators of depression. […] Between 12% and 20% of mothers experience postpartum depression within the first three months after childbirth. […] Identifying such predictors can help detect depression earlier and facilitate timely treatment. […] For forecasting postpartum depression at six weeks after childbirth based on data collected during pregnancy, the balanced accuracy is 0.62, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.39. […] We achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.62 and a sensitivity of 0.39, statistically outperforming random guessing and surpassing the accuracy of predictions on the basis of depression states observed during pregnancy.

• #39 Predicting allergy and postpartum depression from an incomplete compositional microbiome | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.28.640766v2.full

  Time series of compositional data are a common format for many high-throughput studies of biological molecules, e.g., analyzing the response to a treatment or with the aim of predicting an outcome. […] We forecast postpartum depression based on gut microbiome data collected during pregnancy, with a balanced accuracy of 0.62. Features extracted from the microbiome time series, specifically ratios of bacterial abundance, are statistically significant indicators of depression. […] Between 12% and 20% of mothers experience postpartum depression within the first three months after childbirth. […] Identifying such predictors can help detect depression earlier and facilitate timely treatment. […] For forecasting postpartum depression at six weeks after childbirth based on data collected during pregnancy, the balanced accuracy is 0.62, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.39. […] We achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.62 and a sensitivity of 0.39, statistically outperforming random guessing and surpassing the accuracy of predictions on the basis of depression states observed during pregnancy.

• #40 Predicting allergy and postpartum depression from an incomplete compositional microbiome | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.28.640766v2.full

  Time series of compositional data are a common format for many high-throughput studies of biological molecules, e.g., analyzing the response to a treatment or with the aim of predicting an outcome. […] We forecast postpartum depression based on gut microbiome data collected during pregnancy, with a balanced accuracy of 0.62. Features extracted from the microbiome time series, specifically ratios of bacterial abundance, are statistically significant indicators of depression. […] Between 12% and 20% of mothers experience postpartum depression within the first three months after childbirth. […] Identifying such predictors can help detect depression earlier and facilitate timely treatment. […] For forecasting postpartum depression at six weeks after childbirth based on data collected during pregnancy, the balanced accuracy is 0.62, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.39. […] We achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.62 and a sensitivity of 0.39, statistically outperforming random guessing and surpassing the accuracy of predictions on the basis of depression states observed during pregnancy.

• #41 Predicting allergy and postpartum depression from an incomplete compositional microbiome | bioRxiv

  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.28.640766v2.full

  Time series of compositional data are a common format for many high-throughput studies of biological molecules, e.g., analyzing the response to a treatment or with the aim of predicting an outcome. […] We forecast postpartum depression based on gut microbiome data collected during pregnancy, with a balanced accuracy of 0.62. Features extracted from the microbiome time series, specifically ratios of bacterial abundance, are statistically significant indicators of depression. […] Between 12% and 20% of mothers experience postpartum depression within the first three months after childbirth. […] Identifying such predictors can help detect depression earlier and facilitate timely treatment. […] For forecasting postpartum depression at six weeks after childbirth based on data collected during pregnancy, the balanced accuracy is 0.62, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.39. […] We achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.62 and a sensitivity of 0.39, statistically outperforming random guessing and surpassing the accuracy of predictions on the basis of depression states observed during pregnancy.

• #42 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #43 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #44 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #45 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #46 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #47 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #48 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #49 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #50 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #51 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Self-assessed symptoms of depression, assessed with a scale that captures differences in sleep* Diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician should include a structured interview Parent to infant bonding Self-assessed symptoms of anxiety Quality of life Satisfaction with the study intervention Suicidal thoughts, attempts or completed suicide* Thoughts of harming the baby, including thoughts of extended suicide* Adverse events including spontaneous or induced abortion, miscarriage, fetal death and neonatal death […] The aim is that the outcomes included in this COS are to be measured in future studies and systematic reviews of treatment of antenatal and postnatal depression (intervention studies). If this is achieved it will result in improved potential to synthesise the results from different studies. In the long term this will lead to a stronger evidence. This can be important for some of the outcomes which occur less frequently, for example suicide, and where a large patient material is necessary in order to discern differences between various treatment methods.

• #52 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Most of the outcomes in the agreed COS are currently used in research (Figure 5). However, only one of the selected outcomes, self-assessed symptoms of depression, is used in more than 50% of the identified studies. The second most commonly used outcome, diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician only occurred in 33%. […] This COS included an outcome which has not been identified in any study, namely thoughts about harming the child. This highlights the need to involve patients, healthcare personnel and researchers in the process of selecting which outcome to include in a COS, and also to encourage the project participants to suggest outcomes over and above those which are already used in research.

• #53 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Most of the outcomes in the agreed COS are currently used in research (Figure 5). However, only one of the selected outcomes, self-assessed symptoms of depression, is used in more than 50% of the identified studies. The second most commonly used outcome, diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician only occurred in 33%. […] This COS included an outcome which has not been identified in any study, namely thoughts about harming the child. This highlights the need to involve patients, healthcare personnel and researchers in the process of selecting which outcome to include in a COS, and also to encourage the project participants to suggest outcomes over and above those which are already used in research.

• #54 Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression)

  https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-bereder/development-of-a-core-outcome-set-cos-for-treatment-of-depression-during-or-after-pregnancy-antenatal-and-postpartum-depression/

  Most of the outcomes in the agreed COS are currently used in research (Figure 5). However, only one of the selected outcomes, self-assessed symptoms of depression, is used in more than 50% of the identified studies. The second most commonly used outcome, diagnosis of depression as assessed by a clinician only occurred in 33%. […] This COS included an outcome which has not been identified in any study, namely thoughts about harming the child. This highlights the need to involve patients, healthcare personnel and researchers in the process of selecting which outcome to include in a COS, and also to encourage the project participants to suggest outcomes over and above those which are already used in research.

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