Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Postnatal depression – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/512

  Postnatal depression may present with symptoms of depressed mood, anhedonia, weight changes, sleep disturbance, psychomotor problems, low energy, excessive guilt, loss of confidence or self-esteem, poor concentration, or suicidal ideation. […] Recognition and effective treatment is vital; untreated postnatal depression causes substantial impairment for the woman, and may also result in impaired behavioural, emotional, and cognitive outcomes for the baby. […] Treatment is with psychological therapy and/or medication. Antidepressants are recommended for more severe episodes if the woman declines psychological therapy or if psychological therapy is either ineffective or unavailable. […] Psychiatric referral may be necessary for patients who do not respond to treatment. Urgent psychiatric assessment is warranted if there is a risk of self-harm or harm to the child at any time, or if a postnatal psychosis, or manic or mixed episode, is suspected. […] Episodes of postnatal depression last 3 to 6 months on average, but may last for months or even years.

• #2 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND. […] Bonding with the baby can be restored.

• #3 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Speak to a GP, midwife or health visitor as soon as possible if you think you might have postnatal depression or depression during pregnancy (antenatal depression). With appropriate treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The 3 main types of treatment are: self-help for example, talking to your family and friends about your feelings, making time to do things you enjoy, getting as much sleep as you can at night, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet […] talking therapy a GP may be able to recommend a self-help course or refer you for a course of therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) […] antidepressants these may be recommended if your depression is more severe or other treatments have not helped; your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding.

• #4 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  Peripartum depression should be distinguished from the baby blues, which is characterized by short duration, mild symptoms, and minimal impact on functioning. […] Mild to moderate depression should be treated with psychotherapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whereas moderate to severe depression should be treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] Patients with psychosis, active suicidal thoughts, or thoughts of harming their newborns should receive same-day psychiatric consultation and referral for possible inpatient treatment. […] First-time mothers, adolescent mothers, and mothers who have experienced a traumatic delivery may benefit from home health visits, telephone-based peer support, and psychotherapy to prevent peripartum depression. […] Psychotherapy alone is considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate peripartum depression, whereas psychotherapy is often combined with medication in patients with severe symptoms.

• #5 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Talk to a GP about the pros and cons of different treatments so you can decide together what’s best for you. […] Talking therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for women with postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy based on the idea that unhelpful and unrealistic thinking leads to negative behaviour. […] CBT can be carried out either 1-to-1 with a therapist or in a group. Treatment will often last 3 to 4 months. […] Antidepressants may be recommended if you have moderate or severe depression and you do not want to try psychological treatment or psychological treatment does not help. […] Antidepressants work by balancing mood-altering chemicals in your brain. […] If you decide to stop taking your medicine, talk to a GP or your specialist. They can help you stop safely.

• #6 Postnatal depression – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/new-parents/postnatal-mental-health-conditions/postnatal-depression/

  Treatment for postnatal depression can be serious. […] Postnatal depression can be treated and managed. The faster you seek effective help, the sooner you can recover. […] Accessing effective treatment for postnatal depression early is an important step towards recovery. […] The type of treatment and time required will vary depending on your personal situation, the severity of your symptoms, and how you respond to treatment. […] Support Counselling can be helpful for mild depression. […] Psychological treatments, sometimes referred to as talking therapies, can be very effective for the treatment of mild to moderate postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behaviour therapy can help identify negative thoughts and ways of thinking that commonly occur when someone is experiencing postnatal depression.

• #7 Postnatal Depression | Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/mental-health/postnatal-depression-leaflet

  About 1 in 10 mothers develop postnatal depression. Support and understanding from family, friends and sometimes from a professional such as a health visitor can help recovery. Other treatment options include psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy or antidepressant medicines. […] Treatment is advised. Most of this leaflet is about this common form of depression. […] Treatment can help people with postnatal depression recover more quickly. […] If you think you have postnatal depression, speak to your health visitor, midwife, or GP. Help is available and it can make you feel well again. […] The type of treatment that is best for each person depends on various things, including: How severe the depression is, and what symptoms are present. […] Treatment decisions should be made together between the person with depression and their healthcare professional.

• #8 Postnatal depression – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/512

  Postnatal depression may present with symptoms of depressed mood, anhedonia, weight changes, sleep disturbance, psychomotor problems, low energy, excessive guilt, loss of confidence or self-esteem, poor concentration, or suicidal ideation. […] Recognition and effective treatment is vital; untreated postnatal depression causes substantial impairment for the woman, and may also result in impaired behavioural, emotional, and cognitive outcomes for the baby. […] Treatment is with psychological therapy and/or medication. Antidepressants are recommended for more severe episodes if the woman declines psychological therapy or if psychological therapy is either ineffective or unavailable. […] Psychiatric referral may be necessary for patients who do not respond to treatment. Urgent psychiatric assessment is warranted if there is a risk of self-harm or harm to the child at any time, or if a postnatal psychosis, or manic or mixed episode, is suspected. […] Episodes of postnatal depression last 3 to 6 months on average, but may last for months or even years.

• #9 Postpartum Depression: Early Diagnosis and Treatment are Key | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/postpartum-depression-early-diagnosis-and-treatment-are-key

  But at least one in nine new moms develop a more serious condition, postpartum depression, which can negatively impact the emotional health of mom and baby. It is critical for new mothers to be evaluated and treated as early as possible. […] Postpartum depression typically responds well to treatment. Not only moms benefit from treatment, babies do as well: Studies show babies and children of depressed, anxious or detached moms are at a higher risk of developing psychological or relationship issues of their own. […] Treatment for postpartum depression usually includes antidepressant medications (many are safe to use while breastfeeding). Psychotherapy is often incorporated into the treatment plan to help new moms develop coping skills. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved the first drug designed specifically for postpartum depression. Brexanolone is chemically identical to a hormone whose levels drop after childbirth. It is administered in a healthcare setting where the patient is continually monitored and gets delivered through an infusion into the vein over 60 hours.

• #10 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Treatment and recovery time vary, depending on how severe your depression is and what your individual needs are. […] Your health care provider may also refer you to a mental health professional. […] Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] It may help to talk through your concerns with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. […] Your health care provider may recommend an antidepressant. […] When needed, other medicines may be added to your treatment. […] Brexanolone (Zulresso) is the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for postpartum depression in adult women. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve.

• #11 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. […] Postpartum psychosis requires immediate treatment, usually in the hospital. […] Treatment may include: […] A hospital stay during treatment for postpartum psychosis can challenge a mother’s ability to breastfeed. […] So, if you’re having trouble coping with postpartum depression, talk with your health care provider. […] The sooner you get help, the sooner you’ll be fully equipped to cope with depression and enjoy your new baby.

• #12

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/screening-treatment/

  Talk to your GP, midwife or public health nurse if you think you might have postnatal depression. Do not let worrying thoughts you may have about your baby stop you from seeking help. […] With the right treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The are a few ways to treat postnatal depression. […] These include: things you can do yourself, professional support and counselling a GP may refer you, antidepressants your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding. […] Psychological support is also known as psychotherapy, counselling or talking therapy. […] It can help you to make sense of your feelings and emotions. This can help you in coping with the symptoms of postnatal depression. […] Counselling on its own can be helpful if you have less severe postnatal depression. It also works well, along with medicine, in more severe forms of postnatal depression.

• #13 Recovery from Postpartum Depression – Timelines, Tips and Factors

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/treatment/recovery/

  Self-care practices can include meditation, yoga, journaling, prayer, deep breathing, and anything else that calms the mind. […] Proper diet and exercise are important for everyone, especially for women suffering from postpartum depression. […] If you’re concerned about your diet and exercise habits as you recover, consult a professional to coordinate a diet and exercise plan that’s right for you. […] There is perhaps nothing more important during postpartum depression recovery than getting enough rest. […] The most important aspect of ensuring the smoothest recovery possible is adhering to and adjusting your postpartum depression treatment plan. […] If you feel that your treatment isn’t working, talk to your doctor to adjust it. Changing medications or including other types of therapies may be necessary. […] While medication can dramatically improve symptoms, it shouldn’t be the sole approach to postpartum depression recovery. A holistic treatment plan with other well-being practices can greatly aid your recovery.

• #14 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Speak to a GP, midwife or health visitor as soon as possible if you think you might have postnatal depression or depression during pregnancy (antenatal depression). With appropriate treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The 3 main types of treatment are: self-help for example, talking to your family and friends about your feelings, making time to do things you enjoy, getting as much sleep as you can at night, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet […] talking therapy a GP may be able to recommend a self-help course or refer you for a course of therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) […] antidepressants these may be recommended if your depression is more severe or other treatments have not helped; your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding.

• #15 Perinatal Depression – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression

  Perinatal depression can be treated. […] Treatment for perinatal depression usually includes therapy, medication, or a combination of therapy and medication. […] Several types of psychotherapy (also called talk therapy or counseling) can help women with perinatal depression by teaching them new ways of thinking and behaving and helping them change habits that contribute to depression. […] Evidence-based therapies for perinatal depression include cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy. […] Medications used for depression (antidepressants) can effectively treat perinatal depression when used alone or in combination with psychotherapy. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a medication called brexanolone specifically to treat severe postpartum depression.

• #16 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Speak to a GP, midwife or health visitor as soon as possible if you think you might have postnatal depression or depression during pregnancy (antenatal depression). With appropriate treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The 3 main types of treatment are: self-help for example, talking to your family and friends about your feelings, making time to do things you enjoy, getting as much sleep as you can at night, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet […] talking therapy a GP may be able to recommend a self-help course or refer you for a course of therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) […] antidepressants these may be recommended if your depression is more severe or other treatments have not helped; your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding.

• #17 The Signs of Postnatal DepressionCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/im-pregnant/mental-health-wellbeing/postnatal-depression-pnd

  If you have moderate or severe depression, your doctor may offer you: a talking (psychological) therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), antidepressants, a combination of talking therapies and anti-depressants. […] Your doctor will discuss your treatment options with you, depending on what is appropriate for you and your symptoms. […] It’s important to tell your doctor if you are planning to breastfeed your baby. Some antidepressants can pass into breastmilk so your doctor will help you find one that is safe for you and your baby. […] The good news is that postnatal depression can be treated – it is a temporary illness that you can recover from.

• #18 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Speak to a GP, midwife or health visitor as soon as possible if you think you might have postnatal depression or depression during pregnancy (antenatal depression). With appropriate treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The 3 main types of treatment are: self-help for example, talking to your family and friends about your feelings, making time to do things you enjoy, getting as much sleep as you can at night, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet […] talking therapy a GP may be able to recommend a self-help course or refer you for a course of therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) […] antidepressants these may be recommended if your depression is more severe or other treatments have not helped; your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding.

• #19 Recovery from Postpartum Depression – Timelines, Tips and Factors

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/treatment/recovery/

  Self-care practices can include meditation, yoga, journaling, prayer, deep breathing, and anything else that calms the mind. […] Proper diet and exercise are important for everyone, especially for women suffering from postpartum depression. […] If you’re concerned about your diet and exercise habits as you recover, consult a professional to coordinate a diet and exercise plan that’s right for you. […] There is perhaps nothing more important during postpartum depression recovery than getting enough rest. […] The most important aspect of ensuring the smoothest recovery possible is adhering to and adjusting your postpartum depression treatment plan. […] If you feel that your treatment isn’t working, talk to your doctor to adjust it. Changing medications or including other types of therapies may be necessary. […] While medication can dramatically improve symptoms, it shouldn’t be the sole approach to postpartum depression recovery. A holistic treatment plan with other well-being practices can greatly aid your recovery.

• #20 How Doctors Diagnose and Treat Postpartum Depression. Medications and Treatment Overview

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/understanding-postpartum-depression-treatment

  Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is commonly prescribed alone or with antidepressants to treat postpartum depression. Your doctor can refer you to a qualified mental health professional who specializes in treating postpartum depression. […] Support groups may be very helpful if you have PPD. They may provide useful information and ideas about how to handle day-to-day stresses. […] Exercise can help lift your spirits. Once you’ve recovered physically from giving birth, try to get some exercise every day. One study has shown that vigorous exercise after recovering from childbirth is associated with an increased feeling of well-being. […] You may not want to take a prescription drug, especially if youre breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor about whether you should try any of these therapies, either instead of or along with standard medical treatment: Yoga. In one study of depressed new moms, more than three-quarters of them who did yoga twice a week for 8 weeks got better. Massage. It may have a positive effect on postpartum depression. Although more studies are needed, findings suggest that massage helps improve symptoms. Relaxation training. Techniques like deep breathing, guided imagery, and self-hypnosis can teach you to soothe yourself. More than a dozen studies have shown that relaxation training can help you recover from depression. Meditation. Learning to meditate lets you exist in the moment. You focus on your breathing and let go of your thoughts. It might help you with your depression.

• #21 Postnatal depression | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/postnatal-depression

  If you are struggling with postnatal depression, it’s especially important to look after your physical and mental health. You can do this by: accepting practical help and emotional support from friends and friends, eating a healthy diet, keeping active, planning for regular, quality sleep, using stress-management techniques, such as muscle relaxation and deep breathing. […] There is no shame in asking for and accepting help from family and friends. Self-care is important to keep yourself physically and mentally healthy. Remember that looking after yourself benefits your whole family, especially your new baby.

• #22 How Doctors Diagnose and Treat Postpartum Depression. Medications and Treatment Overview

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/understanding-postpartum-depression-treatment

  Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is commonly prescribed alone or with antidepressants to treat postpartum depression. Your doctor can refer you to a qualified mental health professional who specializes in treating postpartum depression. […] Support groups may be very helpful if you have PPD. They may provide useful information and ideas about how to handle day-to-day stresses. […] Exercise can help lift your spirits. Once you’ve recovered physically from giving birth, try to get some exercise every day. One study has shown that vigorous exercise after recovering from childbirth is associated with an increased feeling of well-being. […] You may not want to take a prescription drug, especially if youre breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor about whether you should try any of these therapies, either instead of or along with standard medical treatment: Yoga. In one study of depressed new moms, more than three-quarters of them who did yoga twice a week for 8 weeks got better. Massage. It may have a positive effect on postpartum depression. Although more studies are needed, findings suggest that massage helps improve symptoms. Relaxation training. Techniques like deep breathing, guided imagery, and self-hypnosis can teach you to soothe yourself. More than a dozen studies have shown that relaxation training can help you recover from depression. Meditation. Learning to meditate lets you exist in the moment. You focus on your breathing and let go of your thoughts. It might help you with your depression.

• #23 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Treatment and recovery time vary, depending on how severe your depression is and what your individual needs are. […] Your health care provider may also refer you to a mental health professional. […] Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] It may help to talk through your concerns with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. […] Your health care provider may recommend an antidepressant. […] When needed, other medicines may be added to your treatment. […] Brexanolone (Zulresso) is the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for postpartum depression in adult women. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve.

• #24 Postpartum depression: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007215.htm

  Postpartum depression is moderate to severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. […] A new mother who has any symptoms of postpartum depression should contact her provider right away to get help. […] The treatment for depression after birth often includes medicine, talk therapy, or both. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are types of talk therapy that often help postpartum depression. […] Support groups may be helpful, but they should not replace medicine or talk therapy if you have postpartum depression. […] Medicine and talk therapy can often successfully reduce or eliminate symptoms. […] Left untreated, postpartum depression can last for months or years. […] Women who had postpartum depression after past pregnancies may be less likely to develop postpartum depression again if they start taking antidepressant medicines after they deliver. Talk therapy may also be helpful in preventing depression.

• #25 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Talk to a GP about the pros and cons of different treatments so you can decide together what’s best for you. […] Talking therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for women with postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy based on the idea that unhelpful and unrealistic thinking leads to negative behaviour. […] CBT can be carried out either 1-to-1 with a therapist or in a group. Treatment will often last 3 to 4 months. […] Antidepressants may be recommended if you have moderate or severe depression and you do not want to try psychological treatment or psychological treatment does not help. […] Antidepressants work by balancing mood-altering chemicals in your brain. […] If you decide to stop taking your medicine, talk to a GP or your specialist. They can help you stop safely.

• #26 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Talk to a GP about the pros and cons of different treatments so you can decide together what’s best for you. […] Talking therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for women with postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy based on the idea that unhelpful and unrealistic thinking leads to negative behaviour. […] CBT can be carried out either 1-to-1 with a therapist or in a group. Treatment will often last 3 to 4 months. […] Antidepressants may be recommended if you have moderate or severe depression and you do not want to try psychological treatment or psychological treatment does not help. […] Antidepressants work by balancing mood-altering chemicals in your brain. […] If you decide to stop taking your medicine, talk to a GP or your specialist. They can help you stop safely.

• #27 Postpartum Depression and Anxiety | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/postpartum-depression-and-anxiety/

  Postpartum depression and anxiety disorders can be effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or medication. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a very effective treatment for postpartum depression and anxiety. Treatment is often short-term (12-16 sessions) and is focused on identifying unhelpful thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. […] Therapists teach behavioral activation, which involves scheduling activities, such as exercise, social activities, or even just “getting out of the house,” that make you happy, as well as looking for ways to help you get additional support to help with your baby or household duties. […] If you are having any of these symptoms, a CBT therapist can help you overcome them. […] There are other treatments for postpartum depression and anxiety, as well. Support groups (either online or in person), or treatment with antidepressant medication may also be a helpful option for some new mothers.

• #28 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Interpersonal therapy (IPT) has shown to be effective in focusing specifically on the mother and infant bond. […] A 2010 review found few studies of medications for treating PPD noting small sample sizes and generally weak evidence. […] There is low-certainty evidence which suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are an effective treatment for PPD. […] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. […] The first-line anti-depressant medication of choice is sertraline, an SSRI, as very little of it passes into the breast milk and, as a result, to the child. […] However, a recent study has found that adding sertraline to psychotherapy does not appear to confer any additional benefit. […] Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown efficacy in women with severe PPD who have either failed multiple trials of medication-based treatment or cannot tolerate the available antidepressants. […] Tentative evidence supports the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

• #29 Postpartum depression: Symptoms, causes, and diagnosis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/237109

  Cognitive behavioral therapy, sometimes called CBT, may help resolve moderate postpartum depression. Its aim is to find new ways to approach and interpret situations and to develop more positive ways of thinking. […] Interpersonal therapy may also be a good option. Its goal is to improve communication skills and help develop social networks. This can help a person manage challenges that may otherwise lead to depression. […] If symptoms are severe and other strategies are not effective, it may help to spend time in the hospital. In some cases, a doctor may recommend electroconvulsive therapy. […] Some people may use the following therapies to help relieve postpartum depression: bright light therapy, acupuncture, massage, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. […] During and after pregnancy, a person can take some steps to help prevent or manage postpartum depression. Strategies include: having a healthful diet and getting regular exercise, keeping all medical appointments and following up about health concerns, eating small meals regularly to maintain blood sugar levels, getting at least 7-8 hours of sleep each night, planning ahead, during pregnancy, to reduce stress after delivery, speaking openly to loved ones about feelings and concerns, keeping in touch with friends and family, especially if parenting alone, asking a healthcare professional about local self-help groups, asking others for help with practical and emotional challenges, resting, rather than doing housework, when the baby sleeps, if possible, avoiding major changes, such as moving house, soon after delivery, seeking help for housing, social, and other issues that arise. […] Anyone who experiences a low mood for at least 2 weeks in the first year after delivery should seek medical care. Treatment can help significantly.

• #30

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/screening-treatment/

  Talk to your GP, midwife or public health nurse if you think you might have postnatal depression. Do not let worrying thoughts you may have about your baby stop you from seeking help. […] With the right treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The are a few ways to treat postnatal depression. […] These include: things you can do yourself, professional support and counselling a GP may refer you, antidepressants your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding. […] Psychological support is also known as psychotherapy, counselling or talking therapy. […] It can help you to make sense of your feelings and emotions. This can help you in coping with the symptoms of postnatal depression. […] Counselling on its own can be helpful if you have less severe postnatal depression. It also works well, along with medicine, in more severe forms of postnatal depression.

• #31

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-019-01535-0

  Postnatal depression (PND) can have negative consequences for mother and infant. Current psychological therapies are effective in treating depression but improvements in mother-infant outcomes have not yet been established. […] Overall the findings revealed that mothers perceived therapy as helpful in improving mood, confidence as a parent and relationship with their infant. […] Primary care-based psychological therapy for PND was perceived as helpful and acceptable. It clearly met some of the mothers goals, especially if their beliefs about being a bad mother was challenged and modified. […] In the UK, guidelines from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) suggest treating mild PND with guided self-help and moderate to severe PND with a high intensity intervention including Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT; NICE, 2014).

• #32 Women’s experiences of psychological treatment and psychosocial interventions for postpartum depression: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-023-02772-8

  Overall, the included studies showed that the women were satisfied with the treatments they had received. Contributing factors were the format and content of the treatments, as well as the clinicians approach. […] Women expressed varying opinions about the treatments content, therapeutic approach, and the extent of their own expected contribution. […] Most studies included views concerning the specific content and therapeutic approach of the received treatment, and how this impacted the womens own contribution. […] In general, women experienced their received intervention as helpful, and positive for their confidence and self-esteem. Treatment was described having led to a better understanding of their own distress and to insights about depression, to acceptance and normalization, a generally more positive outlook on life and the future, and an increased sense of control.

• #33 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Talk to a GP about the pros and cons of different treatments so you can decide together what’s best for you. […] Talking therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for women with postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy based on the idea that unhelpful and unrealistic thinking leads to negative behaviour. […] CBT can be carried out either 1-to-1 with a therapist or in a group. Treatment will often last 3 to 4 months. […] Antidepressants may be recommended if you have moderate or severe depression and you do not want to try psychological treatment or psychological treatment does not help. […] Antidepressants work by balancing mood-altering chemicals in your brain. […] If you decide to stop taking your medicine, talk to a GP or your specialist. They can help you stop safely.

• #34 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  SSRIs are the cornerstone of moderate to severe peripartum depression treatment. […] In patients with severe peripartum depression that is refractory to medication or who have contraindications to medication use, electroconvulsive therapy is effective. […] If pharmacotherapy is used for peripartum depression, patients should be reassessed in one to two weeks either in person or by telephone. […] Patients with active suicidal thoughts, thoughts of harming their newborns, or psychosis should have same-day psychiatric consultation for possible inpatient treatment.

• #35 Postpartum Major Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p926.html

  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become the mainstay of treatment for moderate to severe postpartum major depression because of their favorable adverse effect profiles and relative safety in overdose compared with tricyclic antidepressants. […] Before prescribing an agent for postpartum major depression, physicians should consider the patient’s experience with antidepressants. If the patient has previously responded well to a specific agent, that medication should be the first choice unless there is evidence of potential harm. […] A thorough risk-benefit discussion with each patient is essential before deciding on treatment for postpartum major depression.

• #36 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Interpersonal therapy (IPT) has shown to be effective in focusing specifically on the mother and infant bond. […] A 2010 review found few studies of medications for treating PPD noting small sample sizes and generally weak evidence. […] There is low-certainty evidence which suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are an effective treatment for PPD. […] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. […] The first-line anti-depressant medication of choice is sertraline, an SSRI, as very little of it passes into the breast milk and, as a result, to the child. […] However, a recent study has found that adding sertraline to psychotherapy does not appear to confer any additional benefit. […] Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown efficacy in women with severe PPD who have either failed multiple trials of medication-based treatment or cannot tolerate the available antidepressants. […] Tentative evidence supports the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

• #37 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines, psychotherapy (talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) and support group participation. […] Treatment for postpartum psychosis may include medication to treat depression, anxiety and psychosis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants to manage symptoms of postpartum depression. […] If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. […] Some common antidepressants for postpartum depression are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac). […] Keep in mind that it takes at least three or four weeks for antidepressants to work. […] If your provider detects postpartum depression while you’re still in the hospital, they may recommend IV medication containing brexanolone. […] Counseling, medication or joining a support group can help.

• #38 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines, psychotherapy (talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) and support group participation. […] Treatment for postpartum psychosis may include medication to treat depression, anxiety and psychosis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants to manage symptoms of postpartum depression. […] If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. […] Some common antidepressants for postpartum depression are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac). […] Keep in mind that it takes at least three or four weeks for antidepressants to work. […] If your provider detects postpartum depression while you’re still in the hospital, they may recommend IV medication containing brexanolone. […] Counseling, medication or joining a support group can help.

• #39 List of 14 Postpartum Depression Medications Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/postpartum-depression.html

  Postpartum depression is severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. It may occur soon after delivery or up to a year later. Most of the time, it occurs sometime in the first 4 weeks after delivery. […] The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition. […] Zoloft to treat Postpartum Depression […] sertraline to treat Postpartum Depression […] Prozac to treat Postpartum Depression […] Celexa to treat Postpartum Depression […] citalopram to treat Postpartum Depression […] fluoxetine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Effexor XR to treat Postpartum Depression […] venlafaxine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Paxil to treat Postpartum Depression […] Effexor to treat Postpartum Depression […] paroxetine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Zurzuvae […] How is Zulresso administered for the treatment of Postpartum Depression? […] Antidepressants: Options, Advantages, and Precautions […] Postpartum Depression […] Postpartum depression.

• #40 List of 14 Postpartum Depression Medications Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/postpartum-depression.html

  Postpartum depression is severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. It may occur soon after delivery or up to a year later. Most of the time, it occurs sometime in the first 4 weeks after delivery. […] The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition. […] Zoloft to treat Postpartum Depression […] sertraline to treat Postpartum Depression […] Prozac to treat Postpartum Depression […] Celexa to treat Postpartum Depression […] citalopram to treat Postpartum Depression […] fluoxetine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Effexor XR to treat Postpartum Depression […] venlafaxine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Paxil to treat Postpartum Depression […] Effexor to treat Postpartum Depression […] paroxetine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Zurzuvae […] How is Zulresso administered for the treatment of Postpartum Depression? […] Antidepressants: Options, Advantages, and Precautions […] Postpartum Depression […] Postpartum depression.

• #41 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  Prevention of perinatal depression in high-risk patients using counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as interpersonal therapy, has been effective. […] The first-line treatment for perinatal depression is psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment option for patients with mild to moderate peripartum depression. A combination of therapy and antidepressant medications is recommended for moderate to severe depression. Referral to a behavioral health resource may also be recommended. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first choice medications for perinatal depression. Consideration should be given to switching to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or mirtazapine if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are ineffective.

• #42 List of 14 Postpartum Depression Medications Compared

  https://www.drugs.com/condition/postpartum-depression.html

  Postpartum depression is severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. It may occur soon after delivery or up to a year later. Most of the time, it occurs sometime in the first 4 weeks after delivery. […] The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition. […] Zoloft to treat Postpartum Depression […] sertraline to treat Postpartum Depression […] Prozac to treat Postpartum Depression […] Celexa to treat Postpartum Depression […] citalopram to treat Postpartum Depression […] fluoxetine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Effexor XR to treat Postpartum Depression […] venlafaxine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Paxil to treat Postpartum Depression […] Effexor to treat Postpartum Depression […] paroxetine to treat Postpartum Depression […] Zurzuvae […] How is Zulresso administered for the treatment of Postpartum Depression? […] Antidepressants: Options, Advantages, and Precautions […] Postpartum Depression […] Postpartum depression.

• #43 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  Prevention of perinatal depression in high-risk patients using counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as interpersonal therapy, has been effective. […] The first-line treatment for perinatal depression is psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment option for patients with mild to moderate peripartum depression. A combination of therapy and antidepressant medications is recommended for moderate to severe depression. Referral to a behavioral health resource may also be recommended. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first choice medications for perinatal depression. Consideration should be given to switching to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or mirtazapine if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are ineffective.

• #44 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  Talk to a GP about the pros and cons of different treatments so you can decide together what’s best for you. […] Talking therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for women with postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy based on the idea that unhelpful and unrealistic thinking leads to negative behaviour. […] CBT can be carried out either 1-to-1 with a therapist or in a group. Treatment will often last 3 to 4 months. […] Antidepressants may be recommended if you have moderate or severe depression and you do not want to try psychological treatment or psychological treatment does not help. […] Antidepressants work by balancing mood-altering chemicals in your brain. […] If you decide to stop taking your medicine, talk to a GP or your specialist. They can help you stop safely.

• #45

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/screening-treatment/

  Medicine for postnatal depression usually involves antidepressants. […] Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding. They can prescribe medicine that is suitable for breastfeeding mothers. […] Antidepressants can take 2 to 4 weeks to fully work. You’ll usually see an improvement after 2 weeks. […] You may need to continue taking the medication for up to 6 months after the depression has lifted. This is to avoid a relapse.

• #46 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines, psychotherapy (talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) and support group participation. […] Treatment for postpartum psychosis may include medication to treat depression, anxiety and psychosis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants to manage symptoms of postpartum depression. […] If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. […] Some common antidepressants for postpartum depression are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac). […] Keep in mind that it takes at least three or four weeks for antidepressants to work. […] If your provider detects postpartum depression while you’re still in the hospital, they may recommend IV medication containing brexanolone. […] Counseling, medication or joining a support group can help.

• #47 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #48

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/screening-treatment/

  Medicine for postnatal depression usually involves antidepressants. […] Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding. They can prescribe medicine that is suitable for breastfeeding mothers. […] Antidepressants can take 2 to 4 weeks to fully work. You’ll usually see an improvement after 2 weeks. […] You may need to continue taking the medication for up to 6 months after the depression has lifted. This is to avoid a relapse.

• #49 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines, psychotherapy (talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) and support group participation. […] Treatment for postpartum psychosis may include medication to treat depression, anxiety and psychosis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants to manage symptoms of postpartum depression. […] If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. […] Some common antidepressants for postpartum depression are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac). […] Keep in mind that it takes at least three or four weeks for antidepressants to work. […] If your provider detects postpartum depression while you’re still in the hospital, they may recommend IV medication containing brexanolone. […] Counseling, medication or joining a support group can help.

• #50

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/screening-treatment/

  Medicine for postnatal depression usually involves antidepressants. […] Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding. They can prescribe medicine that is suitable for breastfeeding mothers. […] Antidepressants can take 2 to 4 weeks to fully work. You’ll usually see an improvement after 2 weeks. […] You may need to continue taking the medication for up to 6 months after the depression has lifted. This is to avoid a relapse.

• #51 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Treatment and recovery time vary, depending on how severe your depression is and what your individual needs are. […] Your health care provider may also refer you to a mental health professional. […] Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] It may help to talk through your concerns with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. […] Your health care provider may recommend an antidepressant. […] When needed, other medicines may be added to your treatment. […] Brexanolone (Zulresso) is the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for postpartum depression in adult women. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve.

• #52 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #53 Treatment of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/treatment

  Currently, there are two drugs specifically indicated to treat Postnatal Depression approved by the US Drug Regulatory Agency (FDA): brexanolone and, more recently, zuranolone. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, rapidly decreases symptoms of moderate-severe postnatal depression, compared to placebo. […] One of the main properties of this treatment is its speed of action, with improvement being seen 48-60 hours after administration. […] The treatment of PND tends to be protracted over time. Delays are primarily produced in the detection, afterwards in the treatment proposals, and finally in the compliance by the patient. There are barriers to accessing the treatment that involve the institutions, the professionals and the patients.

• #54 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  For the good of the parent and their new baby, it is crucial to identify and treat PPD as quickly as possible. […] How Do Doctors Treat Postpartum Depression? Doctors plan treatment for postpartum depression based on factors like age, health, medical history, severity and duration of symptoms, tolerance for medications, breastfeeding status, and personal preferences. Treatments include lifestyle changes, counseling, and medicine. […] Counseling: Counseling and talk therapy one-on-one with a mental health professional helps develop coping skills. […] Medical treatments: Hormonal treatments like Zulresso (brexanolone), an FDA-approved treatment administered continuously into a vein over 2.5 days (60 hours). Antidepressants act on the chemicals in the brain that affect mood and its regulation. These medications are generally considered safe to use during breastfeeding. Anti-anxiety medication to help with panic attacks and anxiety.

• #55 Treatment of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/treatment

  Currently, there are two drugs specifically indicated to treat Postnatal Depression approved by the US Drug Regulatory Agency (FDA): brexanolone and, more recently, zuranolone. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous formulation of allopregnanolone, rapidly decreases symptoms of moderate-severe postnatal depression, compared to placebo. […] One of the main properties of this treatment is its speed of action, with improvement being seen 48-60 hours after administration. […] The treatment of PND tends to be protracted over time. Delays are primarily produced in the detection, afterwards in the treatment proposals, and finally in the compliance by the patient. There are barriers to accessing the treatment that involve the institutions, the professionals and the patients.

• #56 Postpartum Depression: Etiology, Treatment, and Consequences for Maternal Care

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/9/865

  The first-line antidepressants used in the treatment of PPD are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) due to their easy administration and low toxicity. […] For patients with severe symptoms of PPD who are breastfeeding and prioritize relatively rapid improvement, the recommended antidepressant is brexanolone. […] Therapeutic considerations include symptom severity, breastfeeding, and therapeutic preferences. Combined therapeutic approaches, including psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment, are recommended for treating moderate and severe forms of PPD.

• #57 Antidepressants: A Helpful Treatment for Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/postpartum-depression-antidepressants

  So your doctor or health care provider has diagnosed you with postpartum depression. Now what? First, and most importantly, dont be embarrassed or ashamed. Many new moms deal with a wide range of emotions after having a baby. Youve done the right thing to seek help. […] There are a variety of ways to treat postpartum depression. Your doctor likely will talk with you about whether you want to see a counselor. They also may talk to you about taking antidepressants, medications that treat depression, and which should help you feel more like yourself. […] If you dont get relief, tell your doctor or counselor. You may do better with a different dosage or another medication. You and your doctor can find the medicine, or combination of medicines, that works best for you. […] Sometimes, symptoms can get severe and the doctor may consider hospitalization. A drug called brexanolone that is given by IV over several days might help. […] Even if your doctor prescribes medication, you still might want to think about attending counseling sessions, or talk therapy, as part of your treatment.

• #58 FDA Approves First Oral Treatment for Postpartum Depression | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-postpartum-depression

  Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Zurzuvae (zuranolone), the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression (PPD) in adults. […] Having access to an oral medication will be a beneficial option for many of these women coping with extreme, and sometimes life-threatening, feelings. […] The efficacy of Zurzuvae for the treatment of PPD in adults was demonstrated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] Patients in the Zurzuvae groups showed significantly more improvement in their symptoms compared to those in the placebo groups. […] The daily recommended dose for Zurzuvae is 50mg. It should be taken once every day, for 14 days, in the evening with a fatty meal.

• #59 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #60 FDA Approves First Oral Treatment for Postpartum Depression | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-postpartum-depression

  Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Zurzuvae (zuranolone), the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression (PPD) in adults. […] Having access to an oral medication will be a beneficial option for many of these women coping with extreme, and sometimes life-threatening, feelings. […] The efficacy of Zurzuvae for the treatment of PPD in adults was demonstrated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] Patients in the Zurzuvae groups showed significantly more improvement in their symptoms compared to those in the placebo groups. […] The daily recommended dose for Zurzuvae is 50mg. It should be taken once every day, for 14 days, in the evening with a fatty meal.

• #61 Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2023/08/zuranolone-for-the-treatment-of-postpartum-depression

  Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor-positive modulator, and the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression in adults. […] The FDA approval of zuranolone provides another treatment option for severe postpartum depression that had onset within the third trimester of pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum, that is orally administered for 14 days. […] Zuranolone efficacy has been demonstrated in two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends consideration of zuranolone in the postpartum period (ie, within 12 months postpartum) for depression that has onset in the third trimester or within 4 weeks postpartum. […] The daily recommended dose of zuranolone is generally 50 mg. It is taken in the evening with a fatty meal (eg, 400-1,000 calories, 25%-50% fat), for 14 days. […] Zuranolone can be used alone or as an adjunct to other oral antidepressant therapy like SSRIs and SNRIs. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a validated screening tool be used to monitor for response to treatment or remission of depression symptoms.

• #62 Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2023/08/zuranolone-for-the-treatment-of-postpartum-depression

  Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor-positive modulator, and the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression in adults. […] The FDA approval of zuranolone provides another treatment option for severe postpartum depression that had onset within the third trimester of pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum, that is orally administered for 14 days. […] Zuranolone efficacy has been demonstrated in two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends consideration of zuranolone in the postpartum period (ie, within 12 months postpartum) for depression that has onset in the third trimester or within 4 weeks postpartum. […] The daily recommended dose of zuranolone is generally 50 mg. It is taken in the evening with a fatty meal (eg, 400-1,000 calories, 25%-50% fat), for 14 days. […] Zuranolone can be used alone or as an adjunct to other oral antidepressant therapy like SSRIs and SNRIs. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a validated screening tool be used to monitor for response to treatment or remission of depression symptoms.

• #63 First postpartum depression pill approved by FDA: What to know | Brain | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/postpartum-depression-pill/

  New treatment options for postpartum depression could be beneficial to you and your baby. […] This summer, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first pill specifically designed to treat PPD, which affects 10% to 15% of new mothers. […] While zuranolone (brand name Zurzuvae) is the first pill for PPD, it is actually the second FDA-approved medication for the condition. […] Zuranolone pills are taken once a day for 14 days with no hospital stay. Early information about the medication is exciting: It appears to work quickly. Studies have shown that zuranolone can start to ease PPD symptoms in just three days, with full effects after two weeks. […] Zuranolone works differently. It contains a synthetic version of allopregnanolone, which is produced by the pregnancy hormone progesterone and helps regulate a mood-related neurotransmitter in the brain.

• #64 Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2023/08/zuranolone-for-the-treatment-of-postpartum-depression

  Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor-positive modulator, and the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression in adults. […] The FDA approval of zuranolone provides another treatment option for severe postpartum depression that had onset within the third trimester of pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum, that is orally administered for 14 days. […] Zuranolone efficacy has been demonstrated in two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends consideration of zuranolone in the postpartum period (ie, within 12 months postpartum) for depression that has onset in the third trimester or within 4 weeks postpartum. […] The daily recommended dose of zuranolone is generally 50 mg. It is taken in the evening with a fatty meal (eg, 400-1,000 calories, 25%-50% fat), for 14 days. […] Zuranolone can be used alone or as an adjunct to other oral antidepressant therapy like SSRIs and SNRIs. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a validated screening tool be used to monitor for response to treatment or remission of depression symptoms.

• #65 Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2023/08/zuranolone-for-the-treatment-of-postpartum-depression

  Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor-positive modulator, and the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression in adults. […] The FDA approval of zuranolone provides another treatment option for severe postpartum depression that had onset within the third trimester of pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum, that is orally administered for 14 days. […] Zuranolone efficacy has been demonstrated in two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends consideration of zuranolone in the postpartum period (ie, within 12 months postpartum) for depression that has onset in the third trimester or within 4 weeks postpartum. […] The daily recommended dose of zuranolone is generally 50 mg. It is taken in the evening with a fatty meal (eg, 400-1,000 calories, 25%-50% fat), for 14 days. […] Zuranolone can be used alone or as an adjunct to other oral antidepressant therapy like SSRIs and SNRIs. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a validated screening tool be used to monitor for response to treatment or remission of depression symptoms.

• #66 A New Treatment for Postpartum Depression | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/a-new-treatment-for-postpartum-depression

  The good news is that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved an oral medication called Zuranolone thats specifically designed to counteract PMADs. […] The mechanism of action of Zuranolone is different from other antidepressants, says Dr. Givrad. Its the first FDA-approved oral medicine for the treatment of postpartum depression in adults, and its designed to target pregnancy-related hormonal changes that may precipitate perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone can be taken anytime during the postpartum period (the first 12 months after giving birth). It should not be taken during pregnancy. […] Zuranolone is appropriate for those with depression starting in the third trimester of pregnancy or the postpartum period. It might not be the first choice for patients who have a history of depression or anxiety and have previously responded to other treatments. However, it can be added to other antidepressants to help with any residual depressive symptoms. […] I hope pricing and insurance coverage are worked out so that Zuranolone can become available to all postpartum patients.

• #67 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  Prevention of perinatal depression in high-risk patients using counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as interpersonal therapy, has been effective. […] The first-line treatment for perinatal depression is psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment option for patients with mild to moderate peripartum depression. A combination of therapy and antidepressant medications is recommended for moderate to severe depression. Referral to a behavioral health resource may also be recommended. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first choice medications for perinatal depression. Consideration should be given to switching to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or mirtazapine if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are ineffective.

• #68 Postnatal Depression | Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/mental-health/postnatal-depression-leaflet

  Understanding and emotional support from family and friends can help recovery. […] Antidepressant medication is often prescribed for postnatal depression, especially if the depression is moderate or severe. […] Another treatment option is to be referred to a psychologist or other professional for psychological treatment. […] Psychological treatments are sometimes not practical for women with postnatal depression, due to the time commitments required. […] Some research suggests that a combination of an antidepressant plus a psychological treatment such as CBT may be better than either treatment alone. […] If postnatal depression is severe, or does not get better with treatment, people may be referred to a specialist mental health team.

• #69 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is a serious condition, and there are treatment options that can help you feel better. […] Treatment for postpartum depression can include medication, certain forms of therapy, and support groups. Typically, a combination of medication and therapy is the most effective treatment. […] The most common type of medication for postpartum depression is antidepressants. These drugs can help relieve many of the symptoms of depression, but they take time typically 6 to 8 weeks to start working fully. […] You can get treatment for depression with antidepressant medications, either alone or with therapy. […] Studies have found that a specific type of therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can significantly relieve postpartum depression symptoms. In people with postpartum depression, studies show that CBT alongside medication reduces symptoms more effectively than medication or other therapies alone.

• #70 Postpartum Depression | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a non-psychotic depression that women may experience shortly after childbirth. […] Treatment of PPD is generally the same as that for depression that occurs any other time in a womans life. […] Treatments include: psychotherapy such as interpersonal and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), supportive counselling, increased social support from friends and family and more emotional support from partners, antidepressants, electro-convulsive therapy (ECT), maternal relaxation or massage, hormone therapy, bright light therapy.

• #71 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/postpartum-depression

  A combination of medication and psychotherapy can be effective in treating postpartum OCD. […] But at-home practices like eating a balanced diet, regularly engaging in gentle exercise, practicing meditation or yoga, and spending time in nature may help you feel better, especially when used alongside traditional treatments like medication and therapy. […] It’s important to take time to reach out to family and friends and ask for help when you need it. Joining support groups can also help.

• #72 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/postpartum-depression

  A combination of medication and psychotherapy can be effective in treating postpartum OCD. […] But at-home practices like eating a balanced diet, regularly engaging in gentle exercise, practicing meditation or yoga, and spending time in nature may help you feel better, especially when used alongside traditional treatments like medication and therapy. […] It’s important to take time to reach out to family and friends and ask for help when you need it. Joining support groups can also help.

• #73 Postnatal depression – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/new-parents/postnatal-mental-health-conditions/postnatal-depression/

  Treatment for postnatal depression can be serious. […] Postnatal depression can be treated and managed. The faster you seek effective help, the sooner you can recover. […] Accessing effective treatment for postnatal depression early is an important step towards recovery. […] The type of treatment and time required will vary depending on your personal situation, the severity of your symptoms, and how you respond to treatment. […] Support Counselling can be helpful for mild depression. […] Psychological treatments, sometimes referred to as talking therapies, can be very effective for the treatment of mild to moderate postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behaviour therapy can help identify negative thoughts and ways of thinking that commonly occur when someone is experiencing postnatal depression.

• #74 Postnatal Depression | Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/mental-health/postnatal-depression-leaflet

  About 1 in 10 mothers develop postnatal depression. Support and understanding from family, friends and sometimes from a professional such as a health visitor can help recovery. Other treatment options include psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy or antidepressant medicines. […] Treatment is advised. Most of this leaflet is about this common form of depression. […] Treatment can help people with postnatal depression recover more quickly. […] If you think you have postnatal depression, speak to your health visitor, midwife, or GP. Help is available and it can make you feel well again. […] The type of treatment that is best for each person depends on various things, including: How severe the depression is, and what symptoms are present. […] Treatment decisions should be made together between the person with depression and their healthcare professional.

• #75 What is Post Natal Depression? Symptoms & Treatment | THIS WAY UP

  https://thiswayup.org.au/learning-hub/postnatal-depression-explained/

  Postnatal depression is characterised by feelings of dread, guilt, sadness, doubt, fear, and worry that begin just after having a baby. […] Effective treatments for health anxiety are available, including Psychoeducation, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and medication. […] Psychoeducation helps people answer the question, What is postnatal depression? it means learning what causes postnatal depression and anxiety, the signs of postnatal depression and anxiety, and what keeps these conditions going. […] CBT is the recommended treatment for perinatal anxiety and depression. […] Medication Perinatal or postnatal depression and anxiety can sometimes be treated with psychiatric medications called antidepressants. […] Help for perinatal depression and anxiety are available, and there is a suitable treatment for most people.

• #76

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2010/nataldep/postnatal.aspx

  The treatment of postnatal depression generally follows the same stepped care approach as general depression. […] A brief psychological intervention, e.g. six to eight weeks of non-directive counselling, interpersonal therapy (IPT) or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), should be considered as a first line intervention in the management of a woman with mild to moderate depression, in addition to active support and self-management. […] An antidepressant may be considered as first-line treatment for a woman with moderate to severe depression, after discussion of the likely benefits, risks of untreated depression, and possible risks of treatment. […] A variety of psychological therapies are used to treat depression in the antenatal and postnatal periods. […] Antidepressants are generally indicated in moderate to severe depression and when active management and psychological therapy have not provided sufficient response. […] It is important to monitor response to treatment and adjust if response is inadequate. […] Available data on the use of prophylactic medicines or psychological interventions do not support routine, non-targeted interventions to reduce postnatal depression.

• #77

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/screening-treatment/

  Talk to your GP, midwife or public health nurse if you think you might have postnatal depression. Do not let worrying thoughts you may have about your baby stop you from seeking help. […] With the right treatment and support, most women make a full recovery, although it can take time. […] The are a few ways to treat postnatal depression. […] These include: things you can do yourself, professional support and counselling a GP may refer you, antidepressants your doctor can prescribe a medicine that’s safe to take while breastfeeding. […] Psychological support is also known as psychotherapy, counselling or talking therapy. […] It can help you to make sense of your feelings and emotions. This can help you in coping with the symptoms of postnatal depression. […] Counselling on its own can be helpful if you have less severe postnatal depression. It also works well, along with medicine, in more severe forms of postnatal depression.

• #78 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  Peripartum depression should be distinguished from the baby blues, which is characterized by short duration, mild symptoms, and minimal impact on functioning. […] Mild to moderate depression should be treated with psychotherapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whereas moderate to severe depression should be treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] Patients with psychosis, active suicidal thoughts, or thoughts of harming their newborns should receive same-day psychiatric consultation and referral for possible inpatient treatment. […] First-time mothers, adolescent mothers, and mothers who have experienced a traumatic delivery may benefit from home health visits, telephone-based peer support, and psychotherapy to prevent peripartum depression. […] Psychotherapy alone is considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate peripartum depression, whereas psychotherapy is often combined with medication in patients with severe symptoms.

• #79 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  Perinatal depression is a serious, but treatable medical illness involving feelings of extreme sadness, indifference and/or anxiety, as well as changes in energy, sleep, and appetite. It carries risks for the mother and child. […] Treatment for depression during pregnancy is essential. Greater awareness and understanding can lead to better outcomes for birthing individuals and their babies. […] Like other types of depression, perinatal depression can be managed with psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, lifestyle changes and supportive environment or a combination of these. […] American Psychiatric Association guidelines for treating individuals with depression who are pregnant or breastfeeding recommend psychotherapy without medication as a first-line treatment when depression or anxiety is mild. For women with moderate or severe depression or anxiety, antidepressant medication should be considered as a primary treatment.

• #80 Postpartum Depression and Anxiety | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/postpartum-depression-and-anxiety/

  Postpartum depression and anxiety disorders can be effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or medication. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a very effective treatment for postpartum depression and anxiety. Treatment is often short-term (12-16 sessions) and is focused on identifying unhelpful thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. […] Therapists teach behavioral activation, which involves scheduling activities, such as exercise, social activities, or even just “getting out of the house,” that make you happy, as well as looking for ways to help you get additional support to help with your baby or household duties. […] If you are having any of these symptoms, a CBT therapist can help you overcome them. […] There are other treatments for postpartum depression and anxiety, as well. Support groups (either online or in person), or treatment with antidepressant medication may also be a helpful option for some new mothers.

• #81 Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2023/08/zuranolone-for-the-treatment-of-postpartum-depression

  Zuranolone is a neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor-positive modulator, and the first oral medication indicated to treat postpartum depression in adults. […] The FDA approval of zuranolone provides another treatment option for severe postpartum depression that had onset within the third trimester of pregnancy or within 4 weeks postpartum, that is orally administered for 14 days. […] Zuranolone efficacy has been demonstrated in two phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends consideration of zuranolone in the postpartum period (ie, within 12 months postpartum) for depression that has onset in the third trimester or within 4 weeks postpartum. […] The daily recommended dose of zuranolone is generally 50 mg. It is taken in the evening with a fatty meal (eg, 400-1,000 calories, 25%-50% fat), for 14 days. […] Zuranolone can be used alone or as an adjunct to other oral antidepressant therapy like SSRIs and SNRIs. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a validated screening tool be used to monitor for response to treatment or remission of depression symptoms.

• #82 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  Peripartum depression should be distinguished from the baby blues, which is characterized by short duration, mild symptoms, and minimal impact on functioning. […] Mild to moderate depression should be treated with psychotherapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whereas moderate to severe depression should be treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] Patients with psychosis, active suicidal thoughts, or thoughts of harming their newborns should receive same-day psychiatric consultation and referral for possible inpatient treatment. […] First-time mothers, adolescent mothers, and mothers who have experienced a traumatic delivery may benefit from home health visits, telephone-based peer support, and psychotherapy to prevent peripartum depression. […] Psychotherapy alone is considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate peripartum depression, whereas psychotherapy is often combined with medication in patients with severe symptoms.

• #83 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  Prevention of perinatal depression in high-risk patients using counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as interpersonal therapy, has been effective. […] The first-line treatment for perinatal depression is psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment option for patients with mild to moderate peripartum depression. A combination of therapy and antidepressant medications is recommended for moderate to severe depression. Referral to a behavioral health resource may also be recommended. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first choice medications for perinatal depression. Consideration should be given to switching to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or mirtazapine if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are ineffective.

• #84 Postpartum Depression: Etiology, Treatment, and Consequences for Maternal Care

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/9/865

  The first-line antidepressants used in the treatment of PPD are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) due to their easy administration and low toxicity. […] For patients with severe symptoms of PPD who are breastfeeding and prioritize relatively rapid improvement, the recommended antidepressant is brexanolone. […] Therapeutic considerations include symptom severity, breastfeeding, and therapeutic preferences. Combined therapeutic approaches, including psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment, are recommended for treating moderate and severe forms of PPD.

• #85 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  If your postnatal depression is very severe and does not respond to treatment, you may be referred to a specialist community perinatal mental health team. […] These teams provide care and treatment to women with complex mental health needs during pregnancy and after giving birth. […] Ask a GP or health visitor about these teams and whether a referral would be helpful for you. The team will be able to offer additional treatments, such as: more intensive CBT […] other talking treatments, such as psychotherapy […] different medicines.

• #86 Postnatal depression – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/new-parents/postnatal-mental-health-conditions/postnatal-depression/

  If your symptoms are moderate to severe, then you may require medication to help provide relief from some of the symptoms of postnatal depression. […] Antidepressants are an effective treatment for postnatal depression. […] Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT, is a specialist treatment that involves activating electro-currents to the brain. It can relieve a range of severe symptoms of postnatal depression and is generally prescribed if your postnatal depression is severe and medications are not having a positive effect.

• #87 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #88 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #89 Postnatal depression – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/new-parents/postnatal-mental-health-conditions/postnatal-depression/

  If your symptoms are moderate to severe, then you may require medication to help provide relief from some of the symptoms of postnatal depression. […] Antidepressants are an effective treatment for postnatal depression. […] Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT, is a specialist treatment that involves activating electro-currents to the brain. It can relieve a range of severe symptoms of postnatal depression and is generally prescribed if your postnatal depression is severe and medications are not having a positive effect.

• #90 Treatment of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/treatment

  The management and treatment of mental illnesses during pregnancy and lactation can be a complex clinical situation. There are data accumulated during the last 30 years that suggest the antidepressants in general and the Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), which are of first choice in postnatal depression, can be used safely during breastfeeding. […] Interpersonal therapy is based on action on the interpersonal situation of the patient in four possible areas: interpersonal conflicts, which could be with relatives, with the partner, in the workplace; the role transition, which refers to the changes in personal situations, like those in the case of motherhood; the grief situation; and interpersonal deficiencies. […] Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective and safe treatment in those cases of severe depression (high inhibition, life threatening, melancholy, psychotic symptoms) or resistance to the pharmacological treatment. ECT can be carried out during the postnatal period with anaesthetics compatible with breastfeeding.

• #91 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #92 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Interpersonal therapy (IPT) has shown to be effective in focusing specifically on the mother and infant bond. […] A 2010 review found few studies of medications for treating PPD noting small sample sizes and generally weak evidence. […] There is low-certainty evidence which suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are an effective treatment for PPD. […] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. […] The first-line anti-depressant medication of choice is sertraline, an SSRI, as very little of it passes into the breast milk and, as a result, to the child. […] However, a recent study has found that adding sertraline to psychotherapy does not appear to confer any additional benefit. […] Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown efficacy in women with severe PPD who have either failed multiple trials of medication-based treatment or cannot tolerate the available antidepressants. […] Tentative evidence supports the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

• #93 Is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effective for Postpartum Depression? – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/tms-for-ppd/

  Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), an FDA approved treatment for major depression, is a noninvasive procedure which uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. It is not commonly used as a first line treatment for depression; however, it is an attractive option for those who cannot use or have not responded to traditional antidepressants. […] All of the studies conducted thus far indicate that rTMS is safe and well tolerated in women with postpartum depression. Treatment resulted in improvement in depressive symptoms which were maintained over 3 to 6 months of follow-up. […] While rTMS may be a promising non-pharmacologic treatment for postpartum depression, I think we must consider the burden this treatment carries. […] Many women understandably prefer non-pharmacologic treatments for PPD because they are concerned about breastfeeding and about exposing their nursing infant to medication contained in the breast milk. […] The studies above included postpartum women with mild to moderate depression, and it is unclear if TMS would have the same effect for women with more severe or treatment-refractory depression.

• #94 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  If your postnatal depression is very severe and does not respond to treatment, you may be referred to a specialist community perinatal mental health team. […] These teams provide care and treatment to women with complex mental health needs during pregnancy and after giving birth. […] Ask a GP or health visitor about these teams and whether a referral would be helpful for you. The team will be able to offer additional treatments, such as: more intensive CBT […] other talking treatments, such as psychotherapy […] different medicines.

• #95 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. […] Postpartum psychosis requires immediate treatment, usually in the hospital. […] Treatment may include: […] A hospital stay during treatment for postpartum psychosis can challenge a mother’s ability to breastfeed. […] So, if you’re having trouble coping with postpartum depression, talk with your health care provider. […] The sooner you get help, the sooner you’ll be fully equipped to cope with depression and enjoy your new baby.

• #96 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines, psychotherapy (talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) and support group participation. […] Treatment for postpartum psychosis may include medication to treat depression, anxiety and psychosis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants to manage symptoms of postpartum depression. […] If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. […] Some common antidepressants for postpartum depression are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac). […] Keep in mind that it takes at least three or four weeks for antidepressants to work. […] If your provider detects postpartum depression while you’re still in the hospital, they may recommend IV medication containing brexanolone. […] Counseling, medication or joining a support group can help.

• #97 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] Treatment options include anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines, psychotherapy (talk therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) and support group participation. […] Treatment for postpartum psychosis may include medication to treat depression, anxiety and psychosis. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe antidepressants to manage symptoms of postpartum depression. […] If you’re breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of taking an antidepressant. […] Some common antidepressants for postpartum depression are: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac). […] Keep in mind that it takes at least three or four weeks for antidepressants to work. […] If your provider detects postpartum depression while you’re still in the hospital, they may recommend IV medication containing brexanolone. […] Counseling, medication or joining a support group can help.

• #98 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  For the good of the parent and their new baby, it is crucial to identify and treat PPD as quickly as possible. […] How Do Doctors Treat Postpartum Depression? Doctors plan treatment for postpartum depression based on factors like age, health, medical history, severity and duration of symptoms, tolerance for medications, breastfeeding status, and personal preferences. Treatments include lifestyle changes, counseling, and medicine. […] Counseling: Counseling and talk therapy one-on-one with a mental health professional helps develop coping skills. […] Medical treatments: Hormonal treatments like Zulresso (brexanolone), an FDA-approved treatment administered continuously into a vein over 2.5 days (60 hours). Antidepressants act on the chemicals in the brain that affect mood and its regulation. These medications are generally considered safe to use during breastfeeding. Anti-anxiety medication to help with panic attacks and anxiety.

• #99 How Doctors Diagnose and Treat Postpartum Depression. Medications and Treatment Overview

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/understanding-postpartum-depression-treatment

  Postpartum depression sometimes goes away on its own within 3 months of giving birth. But if it interferes with your everyday life at any time, or if „the blues” last longer than 2 weeks, you should seek treatment. About 90% of women who have postpartum depression can be treated successfully with medication or a combination of medication and psychotherapy. A support group may also be helpful. […] In cases of severe postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis, hospitalization may be necessary. Sometimes, if symptoms are especially severe, electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy may be used to treat severe depressions with hallucinations (false perceptions) or delusions (false beliefs) or overwhelming suicidal thoughts. […] The first step in treatment is to resolve immediate problems such as sleep and appetite changes. Antidepressants are usually very effective for this.

• #100 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. […] Postpartum psychosis requires immediate treatment, usually in the hospital. […] Treatment may include: […] A hospital stay during treatment for postpartum psychosis can challenge a mother’s ability to breastfeed. […] So, if you’re having trouble coping with postpartum depression, talk with your health care provider. […] The sooner you get help, the sooner you’ll be fully equipped to cope with depression and enjoy your new baby.

• #101 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  If your postnatal depression is very severe and does not respond to treatment, you may be referred to a specialist community perinatal mental health team. […] These teams provide care and treatment to women with complex mental health needs during pregnancy and after giving birth. […] Ask a GP or health visitor about these teams and whether a referral would be helpful for you. The team will be able to offer additional treatments, such as: more intensive CBT […] other talking treatments, such as psychotherapy […] different medicines.

• #102 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  If your postnatal depression is very severe and does not respond to treatment, you may be referred to a specialist community perinatal mental health team. […] These teams provide care and treatment to women with complex mental health needs during pregnancy and after giving birth. […] Ask a GP or health visitor about these teams and whether a referral would be helpful for you. The team will be able to offer additional treatments, such as: more intensive CBT […] other talking treatments, such as psychotherapy […] different medicines.

• #103

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/getting-help/

  If you think you may be experiencing postnatal depression, ask for help early. The sooner you get help, the better you will feel. […] Postnatal depression can be managed with treatment. Trust that you will feel like yourself again. […] Perinatal mental health services are available in some maternity units and hospitals. They provide specialist support to women experiencing mental health problems in pregnancy. […] Your GP, midwife, doctor or psychiatrist can refer you to the service.

• #104 Treatment of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/treatment

  The treatment of postnatal depression requires an intervention by a multidisciplinary team specialised in the design and application of an individualised plan, based on the scientific evidence and on the needs of the mother. […] In order to carry out these treatments, specific tools have been developed that enable this intensive and multidisciplinary plan to be applied in a place where the mother and her baby goes in order to carry out the treatment plan. […] Our country has the CLINIC-BCN Mother-Baby Day Hospital from Hospital Clnic de Barcelona, inaugurated in 2018. It is a partial hospitalisation service where the mothers with moderate-severe postnatal depression go with their baby. They receive a multidisciplinary and intensive treatment, specific interventions to promote bonding, maternal care, and breastfeeding, together with psycho-pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, psycho-educational actions are carried out about the illness and the prevention of future episodes.

• #105 Treatment of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/treatment

  International guidelines recommend the creation of Mother-Baby Hospital Units for cases of more serious episodes, especially those with psychotic symptoms or a suicide risk, and that the mother is admitted with her baby, whenever possible. Currently, there are no other Mother-Baby Hospital Units in Spain. […] The psychological therapy techniques that have been shown to be effective for the treatment of PND are cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. […] The psychological cognitive-behavioural therapy is the one most used for the treatment of PND. It can be carried out individually as well as in group. This type of therapy is focused on the present, on the current problems that the mother has, in the establishment of specific objectives, and is based on learning techniques that are practiced routinely, and that help to achieve the treatment objectives.

• #106 FDA Clears Digital Therapeutic for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/fda-approves-digital-therapeutic-for-the-treatment-of-postpartum-depression/

  Postpartum depression affects about 15% of women after the birth of a child. Current clinical guidelines for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) recommend the consideration of psychotherapy, including interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate PPD. […] In addition, for women with more severe symptoms, psychotherapy may add important benefits alongside antidepressant medication. […] MamaLift Plus is a prescription-only digital therapeutic intervention for the treatment of mild to moderate postpartum depression using several different neurobehavioral interventions, including CBT, IPT, DBT, and BAT. Preliminary studies indicate that this intervention, delivered over a course of 8 weeks, is more effective than a sham digital intervention and yields clinically relevant reductions in depressive symptoms. […] Women with more severe depressive symptoms may need other types of interventions, including family support, medication, or hospitalization.

• #107 Postpartum depression

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression

  These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign of strength. […] If you are feeling depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby, don’t suffer alone. Tell a loved one and call your doctor right away.

• #108 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  After your baby is born, your provider may recommend an early postpartum checkup to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression. The earlier it’s found, the earlier treatment can begin. If you have a history of postpartum depression, your provider may recommend antidepressant treatment or talk therapy immediately after delivery. Most antidepressants are safe to take while breastfeeding.

• #109 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Interpersonal therapy (IPT) has shown to be effective in focusing specifically on the mother and infant bond. […] A 2010 review found few studies of medications for treating PPD noting small sample sizes and generally weak evidence. […] There is low-certainty evidence which suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are an effective treatment for PPD. […] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. […] The first-line anti-depressant medication of choice is sertraline, an SSRI, as very little of it passes into the breast milk and, as a result, to the child. […] However, a recent study has found that adding sertraline to psychotherapy does not appear to confer any additional benefit. […] Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown efficacy in women with severe PPD who have either failed multiple trials of medication-based treatment or cannot tolerate the available antidepressants. […] Tentative evidence supports the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

• #110 Treatment of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/treatment

  The management and treatment of mental illnesses during pregnancy and lactation can be a complex clinical situation. There are data accumulated during the last 30 years that suggest the antidepressants in general and the Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), which are of first choice in postnatal depression, can be used safely during breastfeeding. […] Interpersonal therapy is based on action on the interpersonal situation of the patient in four possible areas: interpersonal conflicts, which could be with relatives, with the partner, in the workplace; the role transition, which refers to the changes in personal situations, like those in the case of motherhood; the grief situation; and interpersonal deficiencies. […] Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective and safe treatment in those cases of severe depression (high inhibition, life threatening, melancholy, psychotic symptoms) or resistance to the pharmacological treatment. ECT can be carried out during the postnatal period with anaesthetics compatible with breastfeeding.

• #111 Antidepressants: A Helpful Treatment for Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/postpartum-depression-antidepressants

  So your doctor or health care provider has diagnosed you with postpartum depression. Now what? First, and most importantly, dont be embarrassed or ashamed. Many new moms deal with a wide range of emotions after having a baby. Youve done the right thing to seek help. […] There are a variety of ways to treat postpartum depression. Your doctor likely will talk with you about whether you want to see a counselor. They also may talk to you about taking antidepressants, medications that treat depression, and which should help you feel more like yourself. […] If you dont get relief, tell your doctor or counselor. You may do better with a different dosage or another medication. You and your doctor can find the medicine, or combination of medicines, that works best for you. […] Sometimes, symptoms can get severe and the doctor may consider hospitalization. A drug called brexanolone that is given by IV over several days might help. […] Even if your doctor prescribes medication, you still might want to think about attending counseling sessions, or talk therapy, as part of your treatment.

• #112 The Signs of Postnatal DepressionCloseleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowleft-arrowCloseReconfirm cookies choice

  https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/im-pregnant/mental-health-wellbeing/postnatal-depression-pnd

  If you have moderate or severe depression, your doctor may offer you: a talking (psychological) therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), antidepressants, a combination of talking therapies and anti-depressants. […] Your doctor will discuss your treatment options with you, depending on what is appropriate for you and your symptoms. […] It’s important to tell your doctor if you are planning to breastfeed your baby. Some antidepressants can pass into breastmilk so your doctor will help you find one that is safe for you and your baby. […] The good news is that postnatal depression can be treated – it is a temporary illness that you can recover from.

• #113 Postpartum depression

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression

  These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign of strength. […] If you are feeling depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby, don’t suffer alone. Tell a loved one and call your doctor right away.

• #114 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The goal of treatment for perinatal depression is remission or resolution of symptoms of depression. […] Once an effective dose is reached, continued treatment for at least 6 to 12 months is recommended to prevent relapse of symptoms. […] Brexanolone, an intravenous neurosteroid that positively acts at the GABA-A receptors, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2019, specifically for perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid like brexanolone, is also a GABA-A receptor modulator that was FDA-approved on August 4, 2023, for perinatal depression management. […] Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic waves to stimulate and activate nerve cells in a targeted area of the brain. […] For patients refractory to 4 consecutive medication trials, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended. ECT is beneficial in patients with psychotic depression, with intent or plans on committing suicide or infanticide, and refusal to eat, leading to malnutrition and dehydration. […] Comprehensive deterrence and educational strategies are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of perinatal depression, ensuring healthier outcomes for parents and their infants.

• #115 Postnatal depression | Nightingale Hospital London

  https://www.nightingalehospital.co.uk/postnatal-depression/

  Postnatal depression is assessed, usually by health visitors, using a questionnaire called the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. […] There are two types of treatment available for prenatal (antenatal) or postnatal (postpartum) depression: talking therapies and medication. […] Counselling and psychotherapy offer the opportunity to look at the underlying factors that have contributed to your depression, as well as help you to change the way you feel. […] CBT can provide practical strategies for dealing with specific problems you are facing. […] Medication can be effective if your prenatal (antenatal) or postnatal (postpartum) depression is severe or goes on for a long time. It may help you to feel less anxious and cope better with day to day life. […] For specific discussions around the suitability of different types of drugs, such as antidepressants and mood stabilising medication, women should speak to a mental health specialist.

• #116 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Postpartum depression is not a character flaw or a weakness. Sometimes it’s simply a complication of giving birth. If you have postpartum depression, prompt treatment can help you manage your symptoms and help you bond with your baby. […] If you’re a partner of a new mother and are having symptoms of depression or anxiety during your partner’s pregnancy or after your child’s birth, talk to your health care provider. Similar treatments and supports provided to mothers with postpartum depression can help treat postpartum depression in the other parent. […] During pregnancy, your provider can monitor you closely for symptoms of depression. You may complete a depression-screening questionnaire during your pregnancy and after delivery. Sometimes mild depression can be managed with support groups, counseling or other therapies. In other cases, antidepressants may be recommended even during pregnancy.

• #117 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  Prevention of perinatal depression in high-risk patients using counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as interpersonal therapy, has been effective. […] The first-line treatment for perinatal depression is psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment option for patients with mild to moderate peripartum depression. A combination of therapy and antidepressant medications is recommended for moderate to severe depression. Referral to a behavioral health resource may also be recommended. […] Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first choice medications for perinatal depression. Consideration should be given to switching to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or mirtazapine if selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are ineffective.

• #118 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  Peripartum depression should be distinguished from the baby blues, which is characterized by short duration, mild symptoms, and minimal impact on functioning. […] Mild to moderate depression should be treated with psychotherapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whereas moderate to severe depression should be treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] Patients with psychosis, active suicidal thoughts, or thoughts of harming their newborns should receive same-day psychiatric consultation and referral for possible inpatient treatment. […] First-time mothers, adolescent mothers, and mothers who have experienced a traumatic delivery may benefit from home health visits, telephone-based peer support, and psychotherapy to prevent peripartum depression. […] Psychotherapy alone is considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate peripartum depression, whereas psychotherapy is often combined with medication in patients with severe symptoms.

• #119 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  Peripartum depression should be distinguished from the baby blues, which is characterized by short duration, mild symptoms, and minimal impact on functioning. […] Mild to moderate depression should be treated with psychotherapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whereas moderate to severe depression should be treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] Patients with psychosis, active suicidal thoughts, or thoughts of harming their newborns should receive same-day psychiatric consultation and referral for possible inpatient treatment. […] First-time mothers, adolescent mothers, and mothers who have experienced a traumatic delivery may benefit from home health visits, telephone-based peer support, and psychotherapy to prevent peripartum depression. […] Psychotherapy alone is considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate peripartum depression, whereas psychotherapy is often combined with medication in patients with severe symptoms.

• #120 Postpartum Depression: Etiology, Treatment, and Consequences for Maternal Care

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/9/865

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a disabling condition that has recently shown an increase in prevalence, becoming an essential public health problem. […] The obstetrician can serve an essential role in screening for and treating PPD. […] In conclusion, data from this review increase concerns among this vulnerable population and can be used to design a screening tool for high-risk pregnant women and create a prevention program. […] The aim of this review was to cover a broad range of issues in PPD, such as risk factors, with particular attention to ones that may be useful to identify at-risk pregnant and postpartum women; psychiatric diagnosis and biological diagnosis; clinical manifestations of PPD; psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy trials, with an emphasis on therapy modifications that are specific to PPD; the use of antidepressant medication for breastfeeding mothers; the role of obstetrical–gynecologist specialists in the detection women at risk for PPD; and the public health context, with a particular emphasis on screening and management in primary care.

• #121 Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: a randomized, phase 3 trial | Nature Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02809-x

  Anxiety experienced by women during pregnancy is highly prevalent, especially in resource-poor settings and strongly predicts postnatal common mental disorders (CMDs), anxiety and depression. […] We evaluated the effectiveness of an anxiety-focused early prenatal intervention on preventing postnatal CMDs. […] The Happy MotherHealthy Baby program early prenatal intervention focusing on anxiety symptoms reduced postpartum CMDs.

• #122 Non-Specialist Therapy to Prevent Postnatal Depression in Resource-Poor Settings

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/news/postnatal-depression-resource-poor-settings/

  A cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by non-specialists significantly reduced the incidence of postnatal depression and anxiety among women in Pakistan. […] This study shows that non-specialists could help to fill this gap, providing care to more women during this critical period. […] At the 6-week postnatal interview, women in the intervention cohort had lower rates of anxiety (8.7%), depression (11.6%), and CMD (15.0%) relative to the control cohort (26.7%, 40.5%, and 47.5%, respectively). […] In the fully adjusted analysis, HMHB was associated with decreased risk for anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.26; P .001), depression (aOR, 0.19; P .001), and CMD (aOR, 0.19; P =.001) relative to control. […] Overall, the HMHB intervention was associated with an adjusted mean difference in HADS anxiety scores of -3.80 (P .001) and depression scores of -5.09 (P .001), relative to controls. […] In the future, we can build on these findings through implementation research. Having identified an intervention that works, the next step is to figure out the best ways to deliver effective treatment to the people who need it, bridging the gap between science and practice, said Dr Surkan.

• #123 Home-based treatment for postnatal depression helps child development | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2018-02-05-home-based-treatment-postnatal-depression-helps-child-development

  Intensive, home-based and effective treatment of postnatal depression has been shown to be associated with positive child development. […] A team of researchers at the University of Oxfords Department of Psychiatry, led by Alan Stein, conducted a randomised controlled treatment trial for women experiencing persistent depression in the postnatal period. […] Thus, all women were provided with evidence-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression. […] The results, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, show that following the intervention mothers in both groups had high levels of remission, with over 80 % no longer being clinically depressed at the end of treatment at one year; and these levels of remission were sustained at the final assessment when the children were two years of age.

• #124

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-019-01535-0

  Postnatal depression (PND) can have negative consequences for mother and infant. Current psychological therapies are effective in treating depression but improvements in mother-infant outcomes have not yet been established. […] Overall the findings revealed that mothers perceived therapy as helpful in improving mood, confidence as a parent and relationship with their infant. […] Primary care-based psychological therapy for PND was perceived as helpful and acceptable. It clearly met some of the mothers goals, especially if their beliefs about being a bad mother was challenged and modified. […] In the UK, guidelines from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) suggest treating mild PND with guided self-help and moderate to severe PND with a high intensity intervention including Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT; NICE, 2014).

• #125 Home-based treatment for postnatal depression helps child development | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2018-02-05-home-based-treatment-postnatal-depression-helps-child-development

  Intensive, home-based and effective treatment of postnatal depression has been shown to be associated with positive child development. […] A team of researchers at the University of Oxfords Department of Psychiatry, led by Alan Stein, conducted a randomised controlled treatment trial for women experiencing persistent depression in the postnatal period. […] Thus, all women were provided with evidence-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression. […] The results, published in The Lancet Psychiatry, show that following the intervention mothers in both groups had high levels of remission, with over 80 % no longer being clinically depressed at the end of treatment at one year; and these levels of remission were sustained at the final assessment when the children were two years of age.

• #126 Prognosis of Postnatal Depression | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/postnatal-depression/progression-of-the-disease

  The recovery from a postnatal depression is slightly slower than that of the depression in other times of the life cycle. More than 50% of the women with postnatal depression need one year to completely recover, and one in every 10 have some symptoms that will persist, particularly if they did not receive adequate treatment. […] The cognitive effects can improve with adequate treatment of the PND. […] Bonding with the baby can be restored.

• #127

  https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/underutilised-antidepressant-treatment-for-postnatal-depression-associated-with-improved-child-outcomes-at-age-five

  New research led by the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology Neuroscience (IoPPN) at Kings College London has found that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment for postnatal depression is associated with improvements in child behaviour up to five years after childbirth. […] The study, published in JAMA Network Open, found that SSRI treatment for postnatal depression was associated with better outcomes up to five years after childbirth than mothers with postnatal depression who did not take SSRIs. These included reduced child behavioural difficulties (such as conduct problems and antisocial behaviour), child ADHD symptoms and maternal depression, as well as improved satisfaction in partner relationships. […] The findings suggest that SSRI treatment could bring mid- to long-term benefits to women with postnatal depression and their children by reducing the risk of several negative outcomes that are associated with postnatal depression.

• #128 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  With proper treatment, most new mothers find relief from their symptoms. Given the high risk of relapse, people who are treated for perinatal depression should continue treatment even after they feel better and discuss with their medical providers the decision to discontinue treatment. […] Treatment may include medication and therapy, alone or in combination.

• #129

  https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/underutilised-antidepressant-treatment-for-postnatal-depression-associated-with-improved-child-outcomes-at-age-five

  Our study found no evidence suggesting that postnatal SSRI treatment conferred an increased risk for child development. In fact, we found that postnatal SSRI treatment reduced maternal depression and child behavioural difficulties that are associated with postnatal depression. […] Postnatal SSRI treatment mitigated the association between postnatal depression and maternal depression at 1.5 and five years postpartum, child behavioural difficulties at ages 1.5 and five years, ADHD symptoms at age five, and relationship satisfaction across all measured timepoints. […] Our study found no evidence that SSRI treatment for mothers affected by postnatal depression was linked with an increased risk for childhood emotional difficulties, behavioural problems or motor and language delay.

• #130 The Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade: Baby Steps Toward Improving Outcomes

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/the-perinatal-depression-treatment-cascade/

  Perinatal depression is a common and costly health concern with serious implications for the mother and child. We sought to quantify the Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade—the cumulative shortfalls in clinical recognition, initiation of treatment, adequacy of treatment, and treatment response for women with antenatal (AND) and postpartum depression (PPD). […] Data suggest that 49.9% of women with AND and 30.8% of women with PPD are identified in clinical settings; 13.6% of women with AND and 15.8% of women with PPD receive treatment; 8.6% of women with AND and 6.3% of women with PPD receive adequate treatment; and 4.8% of women with AND and 3.2% of women with PPD achieve remission. […] Application of the treatment cascade model suggests multiple opportunities for improving perinatal depression management, informing optimal allocation of resources, and providing adequate treatment to this underrecognized and undertreated population.

• #131 The Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade: Baby Steps Toward Improving Outcomes

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/the-perinatal-depression-treatment-cascade/

  Perinatal depression is a common and costly health concern with serious implications for the mother and child. We sought to quantify the Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade—the cumulative shortfalls in clinical recognition, initiation of treatment, adequacy of treatment, and treatment response for women with antenatal (AND) and postpartum depression (PPD). […] Data suggest that 49.9% of women with AND and 30.8% of women with PPD are identified in clinical settings; 13.6% of women with AND and 15.8% of women with PPD receive treatment; 8.6% of women with AND and 6.3% of women with PPD receive adequate treatment; and 4.8% of women with AND and 3.2% of women with PPD achieve remission. […] Application of the treatment cascade model suggests multiple opportunities for improving perinatal depression management, informing optimal allocation of resources, and providing adequate treatment to this underrecognized and undertreated population.

• #132 The Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade: Baby Steps Toward Improving Outcomes

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/the-perinatal-depression-treatment-cascade/

  Perinatal depression is a common and costly health concern with serious implications for the mother and child. We sought to quantify the Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade—the cumulative shortfalls in clinical recognition, initiation of treatment, adequacy of treatment, and treatment response for women with antenatal (AND) and postpartum depression (PPD). […] Data suggest that 49.9% of women with AND and 30.8% of women with PPD are identified in clinical settings; 13.6% of women with AND and 15.8% of women with PPD receive treatment; 8.6% of women with AND and 6.3% of women with PPD receive adequate treatment; and 4.8% of women with AND and 3.2% of women with PPD achieve remission. […] Application of the treatment cascade model suggests multiple opportunities for improving perinatal depression management, informing optimal allocation of resources, and providing adequate treatment to this underrecognized and undertreated population.

• #133 The Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade: Baby Steps Toward Improving Outcomes

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/the-perinatal-depression-treatment-cascade/

  Perinatal depression is a common and costly health concern with serious implications for the mother and child. We sought to quantify the Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade—the cumulative shortfalls in clinical recognition, initiation of treatment, adequacy of treatment, and treatment response for women with antenatal (AND) and postpartum depression (PPD). […] Data suggest that 49.9% of women with AND and 30.8% of women with PPD are identified in clinical settings; 13.6% of women with AND and 15.8% of women with PPD receive treatment; 8.6% of women with AND and 6.3% of women with PPD receive adequate treatment; and 4.8% of women with AND and 3.2% of women with PPD achieve remission. […] Application of the treatment cascade model suggests multiple opportunities for improving perinatal depression management, informing optimal allocation of resources, and providing adequate treatment to this underrecognized and undertreated population.

• #134 How to Get Treatment for Postpartum Depression – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/12/well/mind/postpartum-depression-treatment-symptoms.html

  In recent years, mental health struggles have become the leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States, primarily as a result of suicides and drug overdoses. It is estimated that one in eight new moms experience postpartum depression, and some research has suggested that the prevalence climbed to as high as one in three during the early days of the pandemic. […] Yet roughly half of the women who are struggling with their mental health after pregnancy don’t receive treatment. Barriers to care include a lack of awareness about symptoms and treatments, an inability to access resources and stigma. […] Postpartum depression has historically been underdiagnosed and under-researched, but recognition of the condition is finally growing. As a result, there are more treatment options available than ever before, including innovative therapeutic models and at least one new medication.

• #135 Is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effective for Postpartum Depression? – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/tms-for-ppd/

  Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), an FDA approved treatment for major depression, is a noninvasive procedure which uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. It is not commonly used as a first line treatment for depression; however, it is an attractive option for those who cannot use or have not responded to traditional antidepressants. […] All of the studies conducted thus far indicate that rTMS is safe and well tolerated in women with postpartum depression. Treatment resulted in improvement in depressive symptoms which were maintained over 3 to 6 months of follow-up. […] While rTMS may be a promising non-pharmacologic treatment for postpartum depression, I think we must consider the burden this treatment carries. […] Many women understandably prefer non-pharmacologic treatments for PPD because they are concerned about breastfeeding and about exposing their nursing infant to medication contained in the breast milk. […] The studies above included postpartum women with mild to moderate depression, and it is unclear if TMS would have the same effect for women with more severe or treatment-refractory depression.

• #136 How to Get Treatment for Postpartum Depression – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/12/well/mind/postpartum-depression-treatment-symptoms.html

  The treatment a woman receives should depend on her score on the Edinburgh Scale, but all too often there is no follow-up care, either because adequate mental health resources aren’t available or because she can’t access them. […] If a woman is found to have mild to moderate depression, she should quickly be referred to some sort of therapy. […] Group therapy is often recommended for new moms who are struggling, and it can be one of the most powerful interventions. […] In one-on-one therapy, counselors often use approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, which provide women with skills to help them manage their emotions, avoid or reframe negative thoughts and improve communication with their partner. […] For women who have moderate to severe postpartum depression, experts often recommend medication — most commonly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or S.S.R.I.s.

• #137 Postnatal depression: causes, symptoms and treatment – Priory

  https://www.priorygroup.com/mental-health/depression-treatment/postnatal-depression

  Postnatal depression treatment is available through specialist programs at Priory, which include inpatient treatment, outpatient and day care treatment, and online therapy via a dedicated platform. […] The main type of therapy used in postpartum depression treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which helps change negative thinking patterns common in postnatal depression. […] Antidepressants can be used on their own or alongside CBT to treat antenatal and postnatal depression. […] Depression following the birth of a baby can have a devastating impact on what can be a joyous time in your life. Its important to remember that postpartum depression is entirely treatable, and with specialist help, you can recover and enjoy family life.

• #138 Postnatal depression – COPE

  https://www.cope.org.au/new-parents/postnatal-mental-health-conditions/postnatal-depression/

  Treatment for postnatal depression can be serious. […] Postnatal depression can be treated and managed. The faster you seek effective help, the sooner you can recover. […] Accessing effective treatment for postnatal depression early is an important step towards recovery. […] The type of treatment and time required will vary depending on your personal situation, the severity of your symptoms, and how you respond to treatment. […] Support Counselling can be helpful for mild depression. […] Psychological treatments, sometimes referred to as talking therapies, can be very effective for the treatment of mild to moderate postnatal depression. […] Cognitive behaviour therapy can help identify negative thoughts and ways of thinking that commonly occur when someone is experiencing postnatal depression.

• #139 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Treatment and recovery time vary, depending on how severe your depression is and what your individual needs are. […] Your health care provider may also refer you to a mental health professional. […] Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] It may help to talk through your concerns with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. […] Your health care provider may recommend an antidepressant. […] When needed, other medicines may be added to your treatment. […] Brexanolone (Zulresso) is the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for postpartum depression in adult women. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve.

• #140 Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0515/p852.html

  Peripartum depression should be distinguished from the baby blues, which is characterized by short duration, mild symptoms, and minimal impact on functioning. […] Mild to moderate depression should be treated with psychotherapy or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, whereas moderate to severe depression should be treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] Patients with psychosis, active suicidal thoughts, or thoughts of harming their newborns should receive same-day psychiatric consultation and referral for possible inpatient treatment. […] First-time mothers, adolescent mothers, and mothers who have experienced a traumatic delivery may benefit from home health visits, telephone-based peer support, and psychotherapy to prevent peripartum depression. […] Psychotherapy alone is considered first-line treatment for mild to moderate peripartum depression, whereas psychotherapy is often combined with medication in patients with severe symptoms.

• #141 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  Perinatal depression is a serious, but treatable medical illness involving feelings of extreme sadness, indifference and/or anxiety, as well as changes in energy, sleep, and appetite. It carries risks for the mother and child. […] Treatment for depression during pregnancy is essential. Greater awareness and understanding can lead to better outcomes for birthing individuals and their babies. […] Like other types of depression, perinatal depression can be managed with psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, lifestyle changes and supportive environment or a combination of these. […] American Psychiatric Association guidelines for treating individuals with depression who are pregnant or breastfeeding recommend psychotherapy without medication as a first-line treatment when depression or anxiety is mild. For women with moderate or severe depression or anxiety, antidepressant medication should be considered as a primary treatment.

• #142 A New Treatment for Postpartum Depression | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/a-new-treatment-for-postpartum-depression

  The good news is that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved an oral medication called Zuranolone thats specifically designed to counteract PMADs. […] The mechanism of action of Zuranolone is different from other antidepressants, says Dr. Givrad. Its the first FDA-approved oral medicine for the treatment of postpartum depression in adults, and its designed to target pregnancy-related hormonal changes that may precipitate perinatal depression. […] Zuranolone can be taken anytime during the postpartum period (the first 12 months after giving birth). It should not be taken during pregnancy. […] Zuranolone is appropriate for those with depression starting in the third trimester of pregnancy or the postpartum period. It might not be the first choice for patients who have a history of depression or anxiety and have previously responded to other treatments. However, it can be added to other antidepressants to help with any residual depressive symptoms. […] I hope pricing and insurance coverage are worked out so that Zuranolone can become available to all postpartum patients.

• #143 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  With proper treatment, most new mothers find relief from their symptoms. Given the high risk of relapse, people who are treated for perinatal depression should continue treatment even after they feel better and discuss with their medical providers the decision to discontinue treatment. […] Treatment may include medication and therapy, alone or in combination.

• #144 Recovery from Postpartum Depression – Timelines, Tips and Factors

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/treatment/recovery/

  Self-care practices can include meditation, yoga, journaling, prayer, deep breathing, and anything else that calms the mind. […] Proper diet and exercise are important for everyone, especially for women suffering from postpartum depression. […] If you’re concerned about your diet and exercise habits as you recover, consult a professional to coordinate a diet and exercise plan that’s right for you. […] There is perhaps nothing more important during postpartum depression recovery than getting enough rest. […] The most important aspect of ensuring the smoothest recovery possible is adhering to and adjusting your postpartum depression treatment plan. […] If you feel that your treatment isn’t working, talk to your doctor to adjust it. Changing medications or including other types of therapies may be necessary. […] While medication can dramatically improve symptoms, it shouldn’t be the sole approach to postpartum depression recovery. A holistic treatment plan with other well-being practices can greatly aid your recovery.

• #145 Treatment – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/

  If your postnatal depression is very severe and does not respond to treatment, you may be referred to a specialist community perinatal mental health team. […] These teams provide care and treatment to women with complex mental health needs during pregnancy and after giving birth. […] Ask a GP or health visitor about these teams and whether a referral would be helpful for you. The team will be able to offer additional treatments, such as: more intensive CBT […] other talking treatments, such as psychotherapy […] different medicines.

• #146 Recovery from Postpartum Depression – Timelines, Tips and Factors

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/treatment/recovery/

  Postpartum depression is a condition that affects different people in different ways. Not only are the symptoms and appropriate treatments different for each person, but the recovery process is also very personal. […] Recovering from postpartum depression involves ongoing treatment, family support, education and coping skills, and regular self-help practices. A full recovery from postpartum depression is almost always possible for anyone affected. […] While the process may differ for each person, certain practices can help you effectively recover from postpartum depression. These include continuing medical support, implementing self-care practices, prioritizing diet and exercise, and getting enough rest. […] Ongoing communication with doctors allows you to adjust your treatment plan as needed.

• #147 Postpartum depression

  https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression

  These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign of strength. […] If you are feeling depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby, don’t suffer alone. Tell a loved one and call your doctor right away.

Zobacz więcej