Denga
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Denga jest wirusową chorobą przenoszoną przez komary, której przebieg może być od bezobjawowego do ciężkiego, z wysoką śmiertelnością w postaciach powikłanych, takich jak gorączka krwotoczna (2-5% przy leczeniu, do 50% bez leczenia) oraz ciężka denga (12-44%). Kluczowe czynniki ryzyka ciężkiego przebiegu to wiek (dzieci i osoby starsze), ciąża, stan odżywienia, wcześniejsze zakażenia różnymi serotypami, genotyp wirusa oraz jakość opieki medycznej. Wczesne objawy ostrzegawcze obejmują ból brzucha, wymioty, senność, krwawienia z przewodu pokarmowego (iloraz szans 20,278), wysięk opłucnowy, wodobrzusze, małopłytkowość (≤50×10⁹/L), leukocytozę i podwyższone AST (aminotransferaza asparaginianowa), przy czym ciężkie zapalenie wątroby (AST ≥1000 U/L) i niewydolność nerek (kreatynina ≥2 mg/dL) są niezależnymi predyktorami śmiertelności. Diagnostyka i monitorowanie opierają się na badaniach hematologicznych (spadek płytek, wzrost hematokrytu), biochemicznych oraz obrazowych (ultrasonografia wykrywająca wysięki i obrzęki), a także na nowych narzędziach, takich jak wskaźnik rezerwy kompensacyjnej (CRI) i analiza fali tętna tętniczego.

Rokowanie w Dendze – wprowadzenie

Denga (dengue fever) jest chorobą wirusową przenoszoną przez komary, stanowiącą poważne zagrożenie dla zdrowia publicznego na całym świecie. Chociaż większość zakażeń przebiega bezobjawowo lub powoduje jedynie łagodne objawy, wirus może czasami wywoływać ciężkie przypadki, a nawet prowadzić do śmierci.1 Ocena rokowania i wczesna identyfikacja pacjentów zagrożonych ciężkim przebiegiem choroby ma kluczowe znaczenie dla skutecznego leczenia i obniżenia śmiertelności.

Śmiertelność w przypadku niepowikłanej gorączki denga wynosi zazwyczaj poniżej 1%. Natomiast w przypadku gorączki krwotocznej denga, przy odpowiednim leczeniu śmiertelność wynosi 2-5%, a nieleczona może osiągać nawet 50%. Wskaźnik śmiertelności związany z ciężką dengą waha się w zależności od kraju od 12% do 44%.2 Osoby, które przeżyją, zwykle w pełni wracają do zdrowia bez trwałych następstw i rozwijają odporność na serotyp, którym zostały zakażone.

Czynniki ryzyka ciężkiego przebiegu dengi

Zidentyfikowano kilka czynników, które wpływają na ciężkość przebiegu choroby:3

  • Wiek pacjenta – zarówno dzieci, jak i osoby starsze są szczególnie narażone
  • Ciąża
  • Stan odżywienia
  • Pochodzenie etniczne
  • Sekwencja zakażenia różnymi serotypami wirusa dengi
  • Genotyp wirusa
  • Jakość i dostępność opieki medycznej
  • Wcześniejsze zakażenie wirusem dengi – zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia ciężkiej postaci choroby4

Ponadto badania wykazały, że nietypowe prezentacje kliniczne, znaczące choroby współistniejące, nieprawidłowe wskaźniki w surowicy (w tym albumina i badania koagulologiczne) oraz wtórne zakażenia bakteryjne są użytecznymi predyktorami śmiertelności.5

Parametry hematologiczne jako predyktory ciężkiego przebiegu

Badania hematologiczne odgrywają kluczową rolę w przewidywaniu ciężkości dengi. Metaanalizy wykazały, że w pierwszych 72 godzinach od wystąpienia gorączki pacjenci, u których później rozwinęła się ciężka denga, mieli znacząco niższą liczbę płytek krwi w porównaniu z pacjentami, u których nie doszło do rozwoju ciężkiej postaci choroby.6 Małopłytkowość (liczba płytek ≤50×10⁹ komórek/L) przy przyjęciu jest niezależnym czynnikiem prognostycznym śmiertelności.7

Leukocytoza oraz hemokoncentracja podczas hospitalizacji również znacząco korelują z ogólną śmiertelnością z powodu dengi.8 Szybki spadek liczby płytek krwi wraz z jednoczesnym wzrostem hematokrytu jest jednym z sygnałów ostrzegawczych wskazujących na prawdopodobną progresję do wstrząsu w klasyfikacji dengi WHO z 2009 roku.9

Parametry biochemiczne jako predyktory ciężkiego przebiegu

Spośród markerów biochemicznych, metaanalizy wykazały znacząco wyższe poziomy AST (aminotransferazy asparaginianowej) u pacjentów z ciężką dengą w porównaniu do pacjentów z łagodniejszym przebiegiem choroby.10 Ciężkie zapalenie wątroby (AST ≥1000 U/L) jest niezależnym predyktorem śmiertelności, szczególnie u osób starszych.11

Podobnie, niewydolność nerek (stężenie kreatyniny w surowicy ≥2 mg/dL) również jest istotnym predyktorem śmiertelności.12 Obniżone stężenie albuminy w surowicy znacząco koreluje z ciężkością choroby, rokowaniem i wynikiem leczenia.13

Wszystkie biochemiczne parametry wątrobowe są znacząco zaburzone u pacjentów z ciężką dengą, co wskazuje na przedłużającą się chorobę i gorsze rokowanie.14

Objawy kliniczne jako predyktory ciężkiego przebiegu

Kilka objawów klinicznych wykazuje dodatnią korelację z ciężkim przebiegiem dengi we wczesnym stadium (7 dni od wystąpienia objawów):15

  • Wtórne zakażenie
  • Ból zaoczodołowy
  • Hepatomegalia
  • Krwawienie
  • Wysięk opłucnowy
  • Wodobrzusze
  • Zwiększony hematokryt
  • Podwyższone AST
  • Obniżona liczba płytek krwi

Objawy ostrzegawcze występujące w ciągu 72 godzin od przyjęcia, które korelują z ciężkim przebiegiem, obejmują:16

  • Ból brzucha (30,7%)
  • Wymioty (20,5%)
  • Senność (51,2%)
  • Krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego (69,2%)
  • Wysięk opłucnowy (28,2%)
  • Wodobrzusze (15,3%)
  • Jednoczesny wzrost poziomu hematokrytu i szybki spadek liczby płytek krwi (16,6%)

Krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego w ciągu 72 godzin od przyjęcia jest jednym z najsilniejszych predyktorów śmiertelności (skorygowany iloraz szans: 20,278).17

Ocena funkcji naczyniowej i stanu nawodnienia

Podstawową cechą ciężkiej dengi jest zaburzenie funkcji bariery naczyniowej, prowadzące do wycieku osocza, zmniejszenia objętości wewnątrznaczyniowej, a ostatecznie do zapaści sercowo-naczyniowej i śmierci, jeśli odpowiednia płynoterapia nie zostanie szybko wdrożona.18

Obecne techniki identyfikacji i monitorowania wycieku polegają na zastępczych markerach zmniejszenia objętości wewnątrznaczyniowej, w tym seryjnych pomiarach hematokrytu i ścisłej obserwacji wskaźników sercowo-naczyniowych, szczególnie ciśnienia tętna i częstości akcji serca.19 Jednak parametry te są stosunkowo niewrażliwe i wykazują niewielkie zmiany do momentu osiągnięcia krytycznej fazy infekcji.

Badania z wykorzystaniem ultrasonografii wykazały, że wysięki opłucnowe, wodobrzusze i obrzęk ściany pęcherzyka żółciowego są częste podczas fazy krytycznej i korelują z ciężkością choroby.20 Dlatego ultrasonografia może być przydatnym narzędziem monitorowania i, jeśli jest dostępna, powinna być brana pod uwagę w ogólnej ocenie podczas fazy gorączkowej.

Obiecującym nowym narzędziem jest wskaźnik rezerwy kompensacyjnej (CRI), który wykorzystuje analizę kształtu fali tętna tętniczego do śledzenia zmian w centralnej objętości krwi w czasie rzeczywistym.21 CRI wykazał korelację z szacowanymi zmianami objętości w modelach symulujących hipowolemię spowodowaną krwotokiem i może wykrywać zmiany, które występują podczas fazy kompensacyjnej wstrząsu, przed zmianami w konwencjonalnych parametrach hemodynamicznych.

Modele predykcyjne w dendze

W związku z trudnościami w przewidywaniu ciężkiego przebiegu dengi, opracowano kilka systemów punktacji i modeli predykcyjnych, które mogą pomóc klinicystom w identyfikacji pacjentów narażonych na wysokie ryzyko.

Proste modele kliniczne

Badanie przeprowadzone w Nowej Kaledonii wykazało, że czynniki silnie związane z ciężką dengą w analizie jednowymiarowej obejmowały wiek (zakres 20-30 lat i 60-70 lat), choroby współistniejące (nadciśnienie, otyłość, dyslipidemia), wcześniejsze zakażenie dengą, stosowanie inhibitorów agregacji płytek krwi, obecność co najmniej jednego objawu alarmowego, małopłytkowość, obniżony wskaźnik filtracji kłębuszkowej oraz znacznie podwyższone poziomy AST i ALT.22

Inne badanie zidentyfikowało cztery niezależne predyktory śmiertelności u starszych pacjentów z dengą: ciężka śpiączka (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8), unieruchomienie w łóżku, ciężkie zapalenie wątroby (AST ≥ 1000 U/L) i niewydolność nerek (kreatynina w surowicy ≥ 2 mg/dL).23 Wśród starszych pacjentów z dengą bez żadnego z tych predyktorów, wskaźnik przeżycia wynosił 98,51%, natomiast wśród pacjentów z 2 lub więcej predyktorami wskaźnik śmiertelności wynosił 57,14%.24

Modele wykorzystujące uczenie maszynowe

Badanie wykorzystujące sztuczne sieci neuronowe do przewidywania ciężkości dengi u pacjentów na podstawie danych demograficznych i laboratoryjnych wykazało dobrą zdolność dyskryminacyjną.25 Według analizy czynników, wiek pacjenta i obecność antygenu NS1 dengi w surowicy były dwoma najważniejszymi czynnikami ryzyka związanymi z ciężką dengą.26

Dodatkowo, współistnienie przeciwciał IgM i IgG przeciwko dendze u pacjentów zwiększało prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia ciężkiej dengi.27 Wśród ocenianych cech, wiek powyżej 50 lat (skorygowany iloraz szans: 7,58) i obecność NS1 w surowicy (skorygowany iloraz szans: 10,07) były dwoma głównymi czynnikami ryzyka ciężkiej choroby denga.28

Modele predykcyjne nawracającego wstrząsu

Śmiertelność z powodu zakażenia dengą jest głównie spowodowana wstrząsem. Wśród pacjentów z dengą i wstrząsem, około 30% ma nawracający wstrząs, który wymaga zmiany leczenia.29

Badanie wykazało, że krótszy czas do przyjęcia (mniej dni przed przyjęciem do szpitala), purpura/wybroczyny, wodobrzusze/wysięk opłucnowy, niska liczba płytek krwi i wąskie ciśnienie tętna były niezależnie związane z nawracającym wstrząsem.30 Opracowany model logistyczny przewidywania był w stanie przewidzieć nawracający wstrząs z dobrą dokładnością (AUC 0,73; czułość i swoistość 68%).31

Modele biomarkerów i monitorowanie pacjentów

Biomarkery naczyniowe

Ponieważ układ naczyniowy jest głównym celem w ciężkiej dendze, istnieje silne uzasadnienie biologiczne dla badania markerów specyficznie związanych z patologią naczyniową.32

Wykazano, że rozpuszczalna cząsteczka adhezji międzykomórkowej-1 (sICAM-1) i rozpuszczalna cząsteczka adhezji komórkowej naczyń-1 (sVCAM-1) są podwyższone u pacjentów z dengą w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną i korelują z ciężkością choroby.33

Monitorowanie ciągłe i technologie mobilne

Ścisłe monitorowanie parametrów życiowych ma kluczowe znaczenie dla klinicznego zarządzania pacjentami z dengą.34 Regularne i powtarzane monitorowanie pacjenta w połączeniu z aktualnymi ocenami pozwala na lepszą priorytetyzację kliniczną, poprawiając wyniki pacjentów, a także efektywność opieki zdrowotnej.

Nowsze podejścia obejmują wykorzystanie niedrogich urządzeń do noszenia do ciągłego monitorowania klinicznego.35 W przypadku dengi istnieją dowody na to, że sygnały PPG (fotopletyzmografia) mogą przewidywać wstrząs u pacjentów z ciężką chorobą przyjętych na oddział intensywnej terapii; kształt fali PPG jest ściśle związany z ciśnieniem krwi, częstością oddechów i stanem objętości płynów.

Wielozadaniowe podejście integrujące zarówno podstawowe informacje kliniczne, jak i dane z przebiegów PPG, było związane z lepszą wydajnością predykcyjną: zoptymalizowany model STF przewidywał indywidualne ryzyko pacjenta z 2-godzinnym wyprzedzeniem, z AUROC wynoszącym 0,83 i AUPRC wynoszącym 0,67.36 Jednak przewidywanie zespołu wstrząsu dengowego było związane ze znacznie niższą skutecznością.

Strategie poprawy prognozowania dengi

Przewidywanie wyniku w dendze pozostaje wyzwaniem, a poszukiwanie bardziej niezawodnych metod trwa.37 Obecnie prowadzone jest duże globalne badanie, mające na celu rekrutację 10 000-12 000 podejrzanych przypadków dengi podczas wczesnej fazy gorączkowej, które powinno dostarczyć użytecznych informacji do przewidywania ryzyka.

Biorąc pod uwagę dość szeroki zakres objawów i symptomów widocznych w dendze, do opracowania solidnego algorytmu prawdopodobnie potrzebne będzie włączenie jednego lub więcej specyficznych biomarkerów.38 Kilka biomarkerów wirusowych, immunologicznych i śródbłonkowych zostało zaproponowanych w małych badaniach, i istnieje nadzieja, że po ich walidacji w dużej kohorcie pacjentów, algorytmy obejmujące takie biomarkery mogłyby okazać się wystarczająco czułe i specyficzne, aby być klinicznie użyteczne, szczególnie w obszarach endemicznych, gdzie obciążenie przypadkami jest wysokie.

Zaawansowane systemy ekspertowe

Opracowano zaawansowane systemy ekspertowe oparte na uczeniu maszynowym do przewidywania pozytywnego wyniku zakażenia, oszacowania ryzyka i prognozy choroby u pacjentów zakażonych dengą.39 Proponowany model przewiduje poziomy zakażenia u pacjenta na podstawie klasyfikacji Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia, tj. gorączka denga, gorączka krwotoczna denga i zespół wstrząsu denga, osiągając znacznie wysoką dokładność ponad 90%, wraz z wysokimi wartościami czułości i swoistości.

System działa na dwóch poziomach. Po pierwsze, skutecznie przewiduje pacjentów zakażonych dengą wśród innych, tylko poprzez badanie objawowe, i podnosi alarm za każdym razem, gdy obserwowany jest jakikolwiek ostrzegawczy trend.40 Następnie, wykorzystując dane kliniczne, system ten pomaga również w przewidywaniu poziomów zakażenia dengą u pacjenta, które według WHO są klasyfikowane na podstawie wzrostu indeksu ciężkości jako gorączka denga, gorączka krwotoczna denga i zespół wstrząsu denga.

Proponowany model, w przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnego podejścia, nie opiera się tylko na parametrach takich jak liczba płytek krwi, ciśnienie krwi i krwawienie, ale dodatkowo uwzględnia profile wątroby i nerek, ponieważ gdy progresja choroby z gorączki denga osiąga wyższe poziomy śmiertelności, często występuje zajęcie wielu narządów, szczególnie obciążające funkcje wątroby i nerek pacjenta i prowadzące do niewydolności narządów.41

Systemy punktacji śmiertelności

Opracowano praktyczny system punktacji śmiertelności dla dengi znany jako model oparty na punktacji dengi (DENScore).42 Pięć najważniejszych czynników obejmowało zespół wstrząsu denga, klasyfikację dengi (klasyczna denga, gorączka krwotoczna denga, zespół wstrząsu denga), obrzęk płuc, duszność i ból głowy.

W badaniu tym wiek ≥45 lat, leukocytoza i ostre uszkodzenie nerek były najważniejszymi czynnikami przyczyniającymi się do śmiertelności związanej z dengą.43 Główne czynniki wpływające na śmiertelność dengi, takie jak zespół wstrząsu denga, klasyfikacja, obrzęk płuc, duszność i ból głowy, zostały zidentyfikowane jako najważniejsze czynniki przyczyniające się. Wyniki te potwierdzają skuteczne stworzenie efektywnego modelu opartego na punktacji do przewidywania śmiertelności dengi.

Wpływ na długość hospitalizacji

Identyfikacja czynników prognostycznych i przewidywanie długości pobytu w szpitalu (LOS) u pacjentów z dengą ma kluczowe znaczenie dla efektywnego wykorzystania zasobów szpitalnych.44 Badanie wykazało, że transfuzja krwi, przyjęcie na oddział ratunkowy, wentylacja wspomagana, niski poziom hemoglobiny, wysoka całkowita liczba leukocytów (TLC), niski lub wysoki hematokryt i niski poziom limfocytów mają istotną korelację z przedłużonym pobytem w szpitalu.

Regresja logistyczna z elastic-net okazała się najlepiej dopasowana, z AUC wynoszącym 0,75, i istnieje istotny związek między LOS większym niż pięć dni a zidentyfikowanymi zmiennymi specyficznymi dla pacjenta.45 Ta metoda może identyfikować pacjentów o najwyższym ryzyku i pomóc skupić czas i zasoby na tych, którzy ich najbardziej potrzebują.

Wnioski dotyczące rokowania w dendze

Denga stanowi poważne wyzwanie dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej na całym świecie, ale z odpowiednim leczeniem, nawet pacjenci z ciężkimi formami choroby mogą przeżyć. Śmiertelność w przypadku niepowikłanej gorączki denga jest niska (poniżej 1%), ale rośnie w przypadku ciężkiej dengi, szczególnie gdy nie jest ona odpowiednio leczona.

Kluczem do poprawy rokowania jest wczesna identyfikacja pacjentów zagrożonych ciężkim przebiegiem choroby. Liczne badania zidentyfikowały szereg czynników klinicznych, hematologicznych i biochemicznych, które mogą pomóc w przewidywaniu progresji do ciężkiej dengi. Te obejmują małopłytkowość, leukocytozę, podwyższone poziomy enzymów wątrobowych, niewydolność nerek, krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego oraz oznaki wycieku osocza, takie jak wysięk opłucnowy i wodobrzusze.

Opracowane modele predykcyjne, od prostych systemów punktacji po zaawansowane algorytmy uczenia maszynowego, mogą pomóc klinicystom w identyfikacji pacjentów wysokiego ryzyka, którzy wymagają ścisłego monitorowania i wczesnej interwencji. Wczesne rozpoznanie i dostęp do odpowiedniej opieki medycznej znacznie obniżają wskaźniki śmiertelności w przypadku ciężkiej dengi.46

Dalsze badania nad biomarkerami i nowymi metodami monitorowania pacjentów, takimi jak urządzenia do noszenia do ciągłego monitorowania parametrów życiowych, mogą w przyszłości jeszcze bardziej poprawić nasze zdolności przewidywania i zarządzania ciężką dengą.

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  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue
    Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. […] While many dengue infections are asymptomatic or produce only mild illness, the virus can occasionally cause more severe cases, and even death. […] Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control. There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue, and early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue. […] In severe cases, dengue can be fatal. […] Rarely, dengue can be severe and lead to death. […] Individuals who are infected for the second time are at greater risk of severe dengue. […] For people with severe dengue, hospitalization is often needed. […] Previous infection with DENV increases the risk of the individual developing severe dengue. […] People with these severe symptoms should get care right away.
  • #2 Dengue: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-overview
    Dengue fever typically is a self-limiting disease with a mortality rate of less than 1%. When treated, dengue hemorrhagic fever has a mortality rate of 2-5%. When left untreated, dengue hemorrhagic fever has a mortality rate as high as 50%. Survivors usually recover without sequelae and develop immunity to the infecting serotype. […] The fatality rate associated with severe dengue varies by country, from 12-44%. In a 1997 Cuban epidemic, the fatality rate in patients who met criteria for severe dengue was approximately 6%. The mortality rate associated with dengue fever is less than 1%. Data from the 1997 Cuban epidemic suggest that, for every clinically apparent case of dengue fever, 13.9 cases of dengue infection went unrecognized because of absent or minimal symptoms. […] A 2005 review from Singapore of 14,209 patients found that useful predictors of death included the following: atypical presentations, significant comorbid illness, abnormal serum markers (including albumin and coagulation studies), secondary bacterial infections.
  • #3 Dengue: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-overview
    Factors that affect disease severity include the following: patient age, pregnancy, nutritional status, ethnicity, sequence of infection with different dengue serotypes, virus genotype, quality and extent of available medical care. […] In 20-30% of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases, the patient develops shock, known as the dengue shock syndrome. Worldwide, children younger than 15 years constitute 90% of dengue hemorrhagic fever patients; however, in the Americas, dengue hemorrhagic fever occurs in both adults and children.
  • #4
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue
    Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. […] While many dengue infections are asymptomatic or produce only mild illness, the virus can occasionally cause more severe cases, and even death. […] Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control. There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue, and early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue. […] In severe cases, dengue can be fatal. […] Rarely, dengue can be severe and lead to death. […] Individuals who are infected for the second time are at greater risk of severe dengue. […] For people with severe dengue, hospitalization is often needed. […] Previous infection with DENV increases the risk of the individual developing severe dengue. […] People with these severe symptoms should get care right away.
  • #5 Dengue: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-overview
    Dengue fever typically is a self-limiting disease with a mortality rate of less than 1%. When treated, dengue hemorrhagic fever has a mortality rate of 2-5%. When left untreated, dengue hemorrhagic fever has a mortality rate as high as 50%. Survivors usually recover without sequelae and develop immunity to the infecting serotype. […] The fatality rate associated with severe dengue varies by country, from 12-44%. In a 1997 Cuban epidemic, the fatality rate in patients who met criteria for severe dengue was approximately 6%. The mortality rate associated with dengue fever is less than 1%. Data from the 1997 Cuban epidemic suggest that, for every clinically apparent case of dengue fever, 13.9 cases of dengue infection went unrecognized because of absent or minimal symptoms. […] A 2005 review from Singapore of 14,209 patients found that useful predictors of death included the following: atypical presentations, significant comorbid illness, abnormal serum markers (including albumin and coagulation studies), secondary bacterial infections.
  • #6 Predictive markers for the early prognosis of dengue severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8519480/
    Predictive markers represent a solution for the proactive management of severe dengue. […] Accordingly, identifying markers that allow for predicting disease prognosis from the initial diagnosis is needed. […] The findings suggest that alterations of platelet count and AST level in the first 72 hours of fever onset are independent markers predicting the development of severe dengue. […] Thus, the markers managing to predict the subsequent progression of complications in the early stage of disease course could alleviate the clinical management burden. […] In this regard, platelet count could serve as an independent warning sign rather than combining with hematocrit as seen in the current classification which remains unaltered during this time window. […] Overall, 14 studies assessed 15 hematopoietic parameters, the meta-analyses of four eligible parameters indicated significantly lower platelet counts in those who subsequently developed severe dengue than those who did not.
  • #7 Prognostic Factors in Adult Patients with Dengue: Developing Risk Scoring Models and Emphasizing Factors Associated with Death ≤7 Days after Illness Onset and ≤3 Days after Presentation
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6262376/
    Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is a threat to global health. However, information relating to mortality 7 days after dengue onset and 3 days after presentation is limited. […] In total, 39 patients with fatal dengue were identified, of which 17 and 14 patients died 7 days after illness onset and 3 days after presentation, respectively. […] In model-1 (range: 04 points), gastrointestinal bleeding 72 h after presentation, thrombocytopenia (50 109 cells/L) at presentation, and acute kidney injury after hospitalization, using a cutoff level of 2 points, exhibited good discrimination (area under the receiver curve (AUC): 0.975) between survivors and non-survivors. […] The independent factors in model-2 were the predictors of overall mortality (model-3), which include thrombocytopenia (50 109 cells/L) at presentation. Using a cutoff value of 2 points, model-3 (range: 07 points) revealed an excellent discrimination between survivors and non-survivors (AUC: 0.963).
  • #8 Prognostic Factors in Adult Patients with Dengue: Developing Risk Scoring Models and Emphasizing Factors Associated with Death ≤7 Days after Illness Onset and ≤3 Days after Presentation
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6262376/
    The occurrence of warning signs 72 h after presentation were as follows: abdominal pain, 30.7%; vomiting, 20.5%; drowsiness, 51.2%; gastrointestinal bleeding, 69.2%; pleural effusion, 28.2%; ascites, 15.3%; and concurrent increase in hematocrit level and rapid decrease in platelet count, 16.6%. […] The multivariate analysis revealed that gastrointestinal bleeding 72 h after presentation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 20.278; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.08984.426), platelet count 50 109 cells/L at presentation (aOR: 5.422; 95% CI: 1.39821.025), and the presence of leukocytosis (aOR: 12.763; 95% CI: 3.78843.003) and hemoconcentration (aOR: 55.674; 95% CI: 13.110236.422) during hospitalization were independently correlated to overall mortality from dengue. […] The present study improved the awareness of clinicians about the factors associated with death among adult patients with dengue viral infection.
  • #9 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Several groups have attempted to identify the clinical symptoms and signs occurring during the acute illness that are associated with outcome. […] Clinical bleeding manifestations are highly variable, although skin petechiae are commonly observed across the severity spectrum. […] The decision tree was subsequently validated in another Singaporean cohort, and has been suggested as a tool to guide triage of patients who require hospitalisation versus outpatient treatment. […] Although a rapid decrease in platelet count concurrent with an increase in haematocrit is presented as one of the warning signs for likely progression to shock in the 2009 WHO dengue classification, specific values have not been defined as yet. […] The rate of change in serial haematological markers, particularly the platelet count, may also carry important prognostic information, and efforts are in progress to develop models that incorporate longitudinal data from repeated sampling to see if this improves the accuracy of risk prediction.
  • #10 Predictive markers for the early prognosis of dengue severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8519480/
    Thirteen studies examined 18 biochemical markers. However, only four markers were eligible for meta-analysis, which showed significantly higher AST levels in severe dengue than in non-severe dengue. […] The modest detection rate of hepatomegaly may require a re-evaluation of ultrasound benefits in the early stage, despite its proficiency in identifying sophisticated disturbances undetectable by physical examinations. […] Overall, the relationship between plasma leak signs detected by ultrasound and complicated dengue is undeniable. However, the sonographic hallmarks allow for reliable prediction mostly around the critical phase or later.
  • #11
    https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2017/09150/predicting_the_mortality_in_geriatric_patients.19.aspx
    Geriatric patients have high mortality for dengue fever (DF); however, there is no adequate method to predict mortality in geriatric patients. Therefore, we conducted this study to develop a tool in an attempt to address this issue. […] A total of 627 geriatric DF patients were recruited, with a mortality rate of 4.3% (27 deaths and 600 survivals). The following 4 independent mortality predictors were identified: severe coma [Glasgow Coma Scale: 8; adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 11.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8968.19], bedridden (AOR: 10.46; 95% CI: 1.5869.16), severe hepatitis (aspartate aminotransferase 1000 U/L; AOR: 96.08; 95% CI: 14.11654.40), and renal failure (serum creatinine 2 mg/dL; AOR: 6.03; 95% CI: 1.5024.24). […] We developed a new method to help decision making. Among geriatric patients with none of the predictors, the survival rate was 98.51%, and among those with 2 or more predictors, the mortality rate was 57.14%. This method is simple and useful, especially in an outbreak.
  • #12
    https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2017/09150/predicting_the_mortality_in_geriatric_patients.19.aspx
    Geriatric patients have high mortality for dengue fever (DF); however, there is no adequate method to predict mortality in geriatric patients. Therefore, we conducted this study to develop a tool in an attempt to address this issue. […] A total of 627 geriatric DF patients were recruited, with a mortality rate of 4.3% (27 deaths and 600 survivals). The following 4 independent mortality predictors were identified: severe coma [Glasgow Coma Scale: 8; adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 11.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8968.19], bedridden (AOR: 10.46; 95% CI: 1.5869.16), severe hepatitis (aspartate aminotransferase 1000 U/L; AOR: 96.08; 95% CI: 14.11654.40), and renal failure (serum creatinine 2 mg/dL; AOR: 6.03; 95% CI: 1.5024.24). […] We developed a new method to help decision making. Among geriatric patients with none of the predictors, the survival rate was 98.51%, and among those with 2 or more predictors, the mortality rate was 57.14%. This method is simple and useful, especially in an outbreak.
  • #13
    https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/2129
    The degree of deranged LFTs was significantly more in SDF group than DNWS and DWWS groups. […] Serum albumin was significantly decreased in children with SDF group correlating with disease severity, prognosis and outcome. […] All biochemical liver parameters were significantly deranged in patients with severe dengue fever indicating prolonged illness and poor prognosis.
  • #14
    https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/2129
    The degree of deranged LFTs was significantly more in SDF group than DNWS and DWWS groups. […] Serum albumin was significantly decreased in children with SDF group correlating with disease severity, prognosis and outcome. […] All biochemical liver parameters were significantly deranged in patients with severe dengue fever indicating prolonged illness and poor prognosis.
  • #15 Risk and predictive factors for severe dengue infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis | PLOS One
    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0267186
    A list of 34 potential severity markers was investigated in this study; and nine factors, secondary infection, retro orbital pain, hepatomegaly, bleeding, pleural effusion, ascites, increased HCT, and AST, decreased PLT revealed positive relation with SD in early stage (7 days after onset). Hence, this study provides information regarding markers that can be used to identify SD in the early stage, facilitating prompt disease management.
  • #16 Prognostic Factors in Adult Patients with Dengue: Developing Risk Scoring Models and Emphasizing Factors Associated with Death ≤7 Days after Illness Onset and ≤3 Days after Presentation
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6262376/
    The occurrence of warning signs 72 h after presentation were as follows: abdominal pain, 30.7%; vomiting, 20.5%; drowsiness, 51.2%; gastrointestinal bleeding, 69.2%; pleural effusion, 28.2%; ascites, 15.3%; and concurrent increase in hematocrit level and rapid decrease in platelet count, 16.6%. […] The multivariate analysis revealed that gastrointestinal bleeding 72 h after presentation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 20.278; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.08984.426), platelet count 50 109 cells/L at presentation (aOR: 5.422; 95% CI: 1.39821.025), and the presence of leukocytosis (aOR: 12.763; 95% CI: 3.78843.003) and hemoconcentration (aOR: 55.674; 95% CI: 13.110236.422) during hospitalization were independently correlated to overall mortality from dengue. […] The present study improved the awareness of clinicians about the factors associated with death among adult patients with dengue viral infection.
  • #17 Prognostic Factors in Adult Patients with Dengue: Developing Risk Scoring Models and Emphasizing Factors Associated with Death ≤7 Days after Illness Onset and ≤3 Days after Presentation
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6262376/
    The occurrence of warning signs 72 h after presentation were as follows: abdominal pain, 30.7%; vomiting, 20.5%; drowsiness, 51.2%; gastrointestinal bleeding, 69.2%; pleural effusion, 28.2%; ascites, 15.3%; and concurrent increase in hematocrit level and rapid decrease in platelet count, 16.6%. […] The multivariate analysis revealed that gastrointestinal bleeding 72 h after presentation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 20.278; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.08984.426), platelet count 50 109 cells/L at presentation (aOR: 5.422; 95% CI: 1.39821.025), and the presence of leukocytosis (aOR: 12.763; 95% CI: 3.78843.003) and hemoconcentration (aOR: 55.674; 95% CI: 13.110236.422) during hospitalization were independently correlated to overall mortality from dengue. […] The present study improved the awareness of clinicians about the factors associated with death among adult patients with dengue viral infection.
  • #18 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) have been shown to be increased in patients with dengue compared with controls, and to correlate with disease severity. […] The defining feature of severe dengue is disruption of vascular barrier function, resulting in plasma leakage, intravascular volume depletion, and eventually cardiovascular collapse and death if appropriate fluid therapy is not instituted promptly. […] Current techniques to identify and monitor leakage rely on surrogate markers of intravascular volume depletion, including serial haematocrit measurements, and close observation of cardiovascular indices, particularly the pulse pressure and heart rate. […] However, these parameters are relatively insensitive, and show little change until the critical phase of the infection.
  • #19 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) have been shown to be increased in patients with dengue compared with controls, and to correlate with disease severity. […] The defining feature of severe dengue is disruption of vascular barrier function, resulting in plasma leakage, intravascular volume depletion, and eventually cardiovascular collapse and death if appropriate fluid therapy is not instituted promptly. […] Current techniques to identify and monitor leakage rely on surrogate markers of intravascular volume depletion, including serial haematocrit measurements, and close observation of cardiovascular indices, particularly the pulse pressure and heart rate. […] However, these parameters are relatively insensitive, and show little change until the critical phase of the infection.
  • #20 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Hepatic involvement is common in dengue, and liver enzymes are frequently elevated in infections of all severity grades. […] More marked derangements are usually associated with more severe disease profiles, but discrimination between severe and non-severe dengue has proved to be poor. […] Studies using ultrasound have demonstrated that pleural effusions, ascites and gall bladder wall oedema are common during the critical phase, and correlate with disease severity. […] Thus ultrasonography can be a useful monitoring tool, and where available, should be considered in the overall assessment during the febrile phase. […] As the vascular system is targeted in dengue infections, there may be a stronger biological rationale for investigating markers specifically implicated in vascular pathology.
  • #21 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    It is possible that many patients experience some degree of plasma leakage, and that only a minority become haemodynamically unstable when a significant volume of fluid has extravasated, overwhelming that individuals intrinsic compensatory homeostatic mechanisms. […] The compensatory reserve index (CRI) is a new computational algorithm that uses feature analysis of the arterial pulse waveform to track real-time changes in central blood volume. […] The CRI has been shown to correlate with estimated volume changes in a human disease model that simulates hypovolaemia due to haemorrhage, and to detect changes that occur during the compensatory phase of shock, preceding changes in conventional haemodynamic parameters. […] Studies to assess the utility of the CRI in predicting likely progression to shock, and to track fluid resuscitation status in patients with established shock, are ongoing in Southeast Asia.
  • #22 Development of a bedside score to predict dengue severity | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text
    https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-021-06146-z
    In 2017, New Caledonia experienced an outbreak of severe dengue causing high hospital burden (4379 cases, 416 hospital admissions, 15 deaths). […] We built robust and efficient models to calculate a bedside score able to predict dengue severity in our setting. […] Identifying risk factors for severe dengue is of prime importance to improve patients medical care and better manage in-hospital patient flow. […] The purposes of this study were to investigate clinical and biological parameters associated with severe dengue and elaborate an operational model to score patients risk to develop severe dengue in the NC medical facilities setting. […] Factors highly associated with severe dengue in univariate analysis included age ]2030] years old and ]6070] years old (OR 2.22 CI95% [1.015.11] and 3.26 CI95% [1.169.44]), comorbidities (hypertension OR 2.63 CI95% [1.534.54], obesity OR 1.91 CI95% [1.183.07], dyslipidaemia OR 2.22 CI95% [1.04.97] and more than two comorbidities OR 1.98 CI95% [1.293.49]), previous dengue infection (OR 2.93 CI95% [1.834.75]), use of platelet aggregation inhibitors (OR 2.1 CI95% [1.064.17]), presence of at least one alert sign (OR 5.6 CI95% [2.1713.3]), platelets 30109/L (OR 4.42 CI95% [2.797.08]), Glomerular Filtration Rate60mL/min (OR 9.28 CI95% [4.2222.90]), AST10N (OR 3.01 CI95% [1.874.89]) and ALT 10N (OR 10.34 CI95% [5.1022.94]).
  • #23
    https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2017/09150/predicting_the_mortality_in_geriatric_patients.19.aspx
    Geriatric patients have high mortality for dengue fever (DF); however, there is no adequate method to predict mortality in geriatric patients. Therefore, we conducted this study to develop a tool in an attempt to address this issue. […] A total of 627 geriatric DF patients were recruited, with a mortality rate of 4.3% (27 deaths and 600 survivals). The following 4 independent mortality predictors were identified: severe coma [Glasgow Coma Scale: 8; adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 11.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8968.19], bedridden (AOR: 10.46; 95% CI: 1.5869.16), severe hepatitis (aspartate aminotransferase 1000 U/L; AOR: 96.08; 95% CI: 14.11654.40), and renal failure (serum creatinine 2 mg/dL; AOR: 6.03; 95% CI: 1.5024.24). […] We developed a new method to help decision making. Among geriatric patients with none of the predictors, the survival rate was 98.51%, and among those with 2 or more predictors, the mortality rate was 57.14%. This method is simple and useful, especially in an outbreak.
  • #24
    https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2017/09150/predicting_the_mortality_in_geriatric_patients.19.aspx
    This study showed that the mortality rate in geriatric DF patients was 4.3%. The following 4 independent predictors were identified that help us predict the mortality: severe coma, bedridden, severe hepatitis (AST 1000 U/L), and renal failure (serum creatinine 2 mg/dL). Among the geriatric DF patients with none of the predictors, the survival rate was 98.51%, whereas it was 57.14% among those with 2 or more predictors. This new method is simple and practical and may help healthcare providers to make decision, especially in an outbreak.
  • #25 Assessing the risk of dengue severity using demographic information and laboratory test results with machine learning | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008960
    Dengue virus causes a wide spectrum of disease, which ranges from subclinical disease to severe dengue shock syndrome. However, estimating the risk of severe outcomes using clinical presentation or laboratory test results for rapid patient triage remains a challenge. Here, we aimed to develop prognostic models for severe dengue using machine learning, according to demographic information and clinical laboratory data of patients with dengue. […] We developed prognostic models for the prediction of dengue severity in patients, using machine learning. The discriminative ability of the artificial neural network exhibited good performance for severe dengue prognosis. This model could help clinicians obtain a rapid prognosis during dengue outbreaks. However, the model requires further validation using external cohorts in future studies.
  • #26 Assessing the risk of dengue severity using demographic information and laboratory test results with machine learning | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008960
    According to the model explainer that analyzed the contributions/co-contributions of the different factors, patient age and dengue NS1 antigenemia were the two most important risk factors associated with severe dengue. Additionally, co-existence of anti-dengue IgM and IgG in patients with dengue increased the probability of severe dengue. […] The results indicated that patients with severe dengue were significantly older than patients with mild dengue (median age: 75 versus 55 years, respectively; p 0.001). Additionally, more severe cases exhibited detectable DENV NS1 antigen (94.9% versus 74.2%, respectively; p 0.001), anti-DENV IgG antibody (30.2% versus 23.6%, respectively; p 0.001), and anti-DENV IgM antibody (25.8% versus 24.3%, respectively; p = 0.008) compared with mild cases in serum samples collected on day 1 when they sought medical advice in our hospital during acute febrile illness.
  • #27 Assessing the risk of dengue severity using demographic information and laboratory test results with machine learning | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008960
    According to the model explainer that analyzed the contributions/co-contributions of the different factors, patient age and dengue NS1 antigenemia were the two most important risk factors associated with severe dengue. Additionally, co-existence of anti-dengue IgM and IgG in patients with dengue increased the probability of severe dengue. […] The results indicated that patients with severe dengue were significantly older than patients with mild dengue (median age: 75 versus 55 years, respectively; p 0.001). Additionally, more severe cases exhibited detectable DENV NS1 antigen (94.9% versus 74.2%, respectively; p 0.001), anti-DENV IgG antibody (30.2% versus 23.6%, respectively; p 0.001), and anti-DENV IgM antibody (25.8% versus 24.3%, respectively; p = 0.008) compared with mild cases in serum samples collected on day 1 when they sought medical advice in our hospital during acute febrile illness.
  • #28 Assessing the risk of dengue severity using demographic information and laboratory test results with machine learning | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008960
    Among the evaluated characteristics, age over 50 years (univariate OR: 7.22, 95% CI: 4.1413.66; multivariate-adjusted OR: 7.58, 95% CI: 4.2814.54; p 0.001) and presence of NS1 (NS1 +) in the serum (univariate OR: 7.63, 95% CI: 3.6019.74; multivariate-adjusted OR: 10.07, 95% CI: 4.6126.58; p 0.001), were the two major risk factors for severe DENV disease. […] The established ANN model predicted disease severity with good performance, and the SHAP explanation showed that patient age and the presence of NS1 antigen in serum samples were two major factors for severe dengue prediction.
  • #29 Development of clinical decision rules to predict recurrent shock in dengue | springermedizin.de
    https://www.springermedizin.de/development-of-clinical-decision-rules-to-predict-recurrent-shoc/9712546
    Mortality from dengue infection is mostly due to shock. Among dengue patients with shock, approximately 30% have recurrent shock that requires a treatment change. Here, we report development of a clinical rule for use during a patients first shock episode to predict a recurrent shock episode. […] The results showed that shorter admission day (fewer days prior to admission), purpura/ecchymosis, ascites/pleural effusion, low platelet count and narrow pulse pressure were independently associated with recurrent shock. Our logistic prediction model was capable of predicting recurrent shock when compared to the null method (P0.05) and was not outperformed by other prediction models. Our final scoring rule provided relatively good accuracy (AUC, 0.73; sensitivity and specificity, 68%). […] Our simple clinical rule is not to replace clinical judgment, but to help clinicians predict recurrent shock during a patients first dengue shock episode.
  • #30 Development of clinical decision rules to predict recurrent shock in dengue | springermedizin.de
    https://www.springermedizin.de/development-of-clinical-decision-rules-to-predict-recurrent-shoc/9712546
    Mortality from dengue infection is mostly due to shock. Among dengue patients with shock, approximately 30% have recurrent shock that requires a treatment change. Here, we report development of a clinical rule for use during a patients first shock episode to predict a recurrent shock episode. […] The results showed that shorter admission day (fewer days prior to admission), purpura/ecchymosis, ascites/pleural effusion, low platelet count and narrow pulse pressure were independently associated with recurrent shock. Our logistic prediction model was capable of predicting recurrent shock when compared to the null method (P0.05) and was not outperformed by other prediction models. Our final scoring rule provided relatively good accuracy (AUC, 0.73; sensitivity and specificity, 68%). […] Our simple clinical rule is not to replace clinical judgment, but to help clinicians predict recurrent shock during a patients first dengue shock episode.
  • #31 Development of clinical decision rules to predict recurrent shock in dengue | springermedizin.de
    https://www.springermedizin.de/development-of-clinical-decision-rules-to-predict-recurrent-shoc/9712546
    Mortality from dengue infection is mostly due to shock. Among dengue patients with shock, approximately 30% have recurrent shock that requires a treatment change. Here, we report development of a clinical rule for use during a patients first shock episode to predict a recurrent shock episode. […] The results showed that shorter admission day (fewer days prior to admission), purpura/ecchymosis, ascites/pleural effusion, low platelet count and narrow pulse pressure were independently associated with recurrent shock. Our logistic prediction model was capable of predicting recurrent shock when compared to the null method (P0.05) and was not outperformed by other prediction models. Our final scoring rule provided relatively good accuracy (AUC, 0.73; sensitivity and specificity, 68%). […] Our simple clinical rule is not to replace clinical judgment, but to help clinicians predict recurrent shock during a patients first dengue shock episode.
  • #32 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Hepatic involvement is common in dengue, and liver enzymes are frequently elevated in infections of all severity grades. […] More marked derangements are usually associated with more severe disease profiles, but discrimination between severe and non-severe dengue has proved to be poor. […] Studies using ultrasound have demonstrated that pleural effusions, ascites and gall bladder wall oedema are common during the critical phase, and correlate with disease severity. […] Thus ultrasonography can be a useful monitoring tool, and where available, should be considered in the overall assessment during the febrile phase. […] As the vascular system is targeted in dengue infections, there may be a stronger biological rationale for investigating markers specifically implicated in vascular pathology.
  • #33 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) have been shown to be increased in patients with dengue compared with controls, and to correlate with disease severity. […] The defining feature of severe dengue is disruption of vascular barrier function, resulting in plasma leakage, intravascular volume depletion, and eventually cardiovascular collapse and death if appropriate fluid therapy is not instituted promptly. […] Current techniques to identify and monitor leakage rely on surrogate markers of intravascular volume depletion, including serial haematocrit measurements, and close observation of cardiovascular indices, particularly the pulse pressure and heart rate. […] However, these parameters are relatively insensitive, and show little change until the critical phase of the infection.
  • #34 Predicting deterioration in dengue using a low cost wearable for continuous clinical monitoring | npj Digital Medicine
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01304-4
    Close vital signs monitoring is crucial for the clinical management of patients with dengue. […] The interpretation of these clinical features in turn guides delivery of supportive therapies, including fluid resuscitation and organ support measures. […] Regular, and repeated patient monitoring coupled with contemporaneous assessments allow for better clinical prioritisation, improving patient outcomes as well as healthcare effectiveness. […] Within dengue specifically there is support that PPG signals are predictive of shock in patients with severe disease admitted to the intensive care; the PPG waveform is closely related to blood pressure, respiratory rate and fluid-volume status. […] Coupled with data linkage, the timely identification of individuals at high risk of disease progression, or conversely patients who are stable and can be safely de-escalated could improve resilience in healthcare systems and translate into better clinical outcomes.
  • #35 Predicting deterioration in dengue using a low cost wearable for continuous clinical monitoring | npj Digital Medicine
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01304-4
    Close vital signs monitoring is crucial for the clinical management of patients with dengue. […] The interpretation of these clinical features in turn guides delivery of supportive therapies, including fluid resuscitation and organ support measures. […] Regular, and repeated patient monitoring coupled with contemporaneous assessments allow for better clinical prioritisation, improving patient outcomes as well as healthcare effectiveness. […] Within dengue specifically there is support that PPG signals are predictive of shock in patients with severe disease admitted to the intensive care; the PPG waveform is closely related to blood pressure, respiratory rate and fluid-volume status. […] Coupled with data linkage, the timely identification of individuals at high risk of disease progression, or conversely patients who are stable and can be safely de-escalated could improve resilience in healthcare systems and translate into better clinical outcomes.
  • #36 Predicting deterioration in dengue using a low cost wearable for continuous clinical monitoring | npj Digital Medicine
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-024-01304-4
    A multi-task approach integrating both basic clinical information with PPG waveform data was associated with better predictive performance: the optimised STF model predicted individual patient risk 2h ahead and with an AUROC of 0.83 and AUPRC of 0.67. […] However, the prediction of dengue shock syndrome was associated with significantly lower performances. […] The clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of such interventions is likely increased in resource-restricted settings and during periods of high dengue caseload, where frequent clinical observations can be difficult. […] Integration of PPG signals with clinical information through a multi-modal, multi-task deep learning approach predicted patient illness severity in real time for patients hospitalised with dengue.
  • #37 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Predicting outcome in dengue remains challenging, and the search for more robust methods continues. […] A major global study currently in progress, aiming to recruit 10,000 to 12,000 suspected dengue cases during the early febrile phase, should provide useful information for risk prediction. […] However, given the rather broad range of signs and symptoms seen in dengue, inclusion of one or more specific biomarkers is likely to be needed in order to develop a robust algorithm. […] A number of viral, immunological and endothelial biomarkers have been proposed from small studies, and there is hope that, if these are validated in a large patient cohort, algorithms incorporating such biomarkers might prove sufficiently sensitive and specific to be clinically useful, particularly in endemic areas where the case burden is high. […] However, as the vascular system is the essential target in severe dengue, alternative approaches that focus primarily on the clinical vascular function tests described above could also prove to be helpful.
  • #38 Predicting outcome from dengue | BMC Medicine | Full Text
    https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0147-9
    Predicting outcome in dengue remains challenging, and the search for more robust methods continues. […] A major global study currently in progress, aiming to recruit 10,000 to 12,000 suspected dengue cases during the early febrile phase, should provide useful information for risk prediction. […] However, given the rather broad range of signs and symptoms seen in dengue, inclusion of one or more specific biomarkers is likely to be needed in order to develop a robust algorithm. […] A number of viral, immunological and endothelial biomarkers have been proposed from small studies, and there is hope that, if these are validated in a large patient cohort, algorithms incorporating such biomarkers might prove sufficiently sensitive and specific to be clinically useful, particularly in endemic areas where the case burden is high. […] However, as the vascular system is the essential target in severe dengue, alternative approaches that focus primarily on the clinical vascular function tests described above could also prove to be helpful.
  • #39 Predicting Infection Positivity, Risk Estimation, and Disease Prognosis in Dengue Infected Patients by ML Expert System
    https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13490
    Dengue fever has earned the title of a rapidly growing global epidemic since the disease-causing mosquito has adapted to colder countries, breaking the notion of dengue being a tropical/subtropical disease only. […] This infectious time bomb demands timely and proper treatment as it affects vital body functions, often resulting in multiple organ failures once thrombocytopenia and internal bleeding manifest in the patients, adding to morbidity and mortality. […] The proposed model predicts infection levels in a patient based on the classification provided by the World Health Organization, i.e., dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome, acquiring considerably high accuracy of over 90% along with high sensitivity and specificity values. […] The summary of the main contributions of this study can be broadly categorized as follows: To emphasize the need to predict dengue infection effectively and precisely.
  • #40 Predicting Infection Positivity, Risk Estimation, and Disease Prognosis in Dengue Infected Patients by ML Expert System
    https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13490
    To further predict if the identified dengue-infected patient has a pattern of a possible internal hemorrhagic manifestation that may threaten life as a severe case of thrombocytopenia. […] To examine the proposed model’s efficiency in identifying which stage of dengue infection level the positive dengue patient may be suffering i.e., DHF or DSS. […] The proposed system addresses the issue concerning the effects of dengue infection on the human body and its vital organs through real-time diagnosis. […] The system works on two levels. Firstly, it predicts dengue-infected patients, among others, effectively only through symptomatic investigation, and raises the alarm whenever any warning trend is observed. […] Then, using clinical data, this system also aids in predicting dengue infection levels in the patient, which, according to WHO, are classified based on the increase in severity index as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome.
  • #41 Predicting Infection Positivity, Risk Estimation, and Disease Prognosis in Dengue Infected Patients by ML Expert System
    https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/20/13490
    The proposed model alerts the registered users of warnings and urges them to seek medical support on an urgent basis. […] The predictions for dengue level analysis in the proposed model, unlike the traditional approach, does not only rely on parameters such as platelet count, Bp, and hemorrhaging but also further includes liver and renal profiles, as when disease prognosis from dengue fever reaches higher fatality levels, multiple organ involvement is often present, especially burdening the liver and kidney functions of the patient and leading towards organ failure.
  • #42
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-024-06302-5
    The use of Logistic regression analysis by both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that AKI (Creatinine1.5 mg/dL) was a significant parameter for predicting mortality. […] Identification of crucial parameters that contribute towards mortality prediction in patients suffering from dengue fever thus aiming to provide better decision-making in saving lives is necessary. […] The present study developed a new practical mortality scoring system for dengue known as the dengue score-based model (DENScore). […] The top 5 contributing factors included dengue shock syndrome, classification of dengue [Classic Dengue, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Dengue Shock Syndrome], pulmonary edema, breathlessness, and headache. […] The study tried to find out the predictive prognostic factors to predict mortality related to dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore.
  • #43
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-024-06302-5
    In this study, ages45 years., Leukocytosis and acute kidney injury were the most significant contributors to dengue-related mortality. […] The primary factors influencing dengue mortality, such as dengue shock syndrome, classification, pulmonary edema, breathlessness, and headache, were identified as the top contributors. […] These findings affirm the successful creation of an effective score-based model for predicting dengue mortality.
  • #44
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10729-021-09571-3
    Purpose: Our objective is to identify the predictive factors and predict hospital length of stay (LOS) in dengue patients, for efficient utilization of hospital resources. […] The highest number of dengue cases belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (21.1%) with a male predominance. Moreover, the study showed that blood transfusion, emergency admission, assisted ventilation, low haemoglobin, high total leucocyte count (TLC), low or high haematocrit, and low lymphocytes have a significant correlation with prolonged LOS. […] Our findings demonstrated that the logistic regression with elastic-net was the best fit with an AUC of 0.75 and there is a significant association between LOS greater than five days and identified patient-specific variables. This method can identify the patients at highest risks and help focus time and resources.
  • #45
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10729-021-09571-3
    Purpose: Our objective is to identify the predictive factors and predict hospital length of stay (LOS) in dengue patients, for efficient utilization of hospital resources. […] The highest number of dengue cases belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (21.1%) with a male predominance. Moreover, the study showed that blood transfusion, emergency admission, assisted ventilation, low haemoglobin, high total leucocyte count (TLC), low or high haematocrit, and low lymphocytes have a significant correlation with prolonged LOS. […] Our findings demonstrated that the logistic regression with elastic-net was the best fit with an AUC of 0.75 and there is a significant association between LOS greater than five days and identified patient-specific variables. This method can identify the patients at highest risks and help focus time and resources.
  • #46
    https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue
    Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. […] While many dengue infections are asymptomatic or produce only mild illness, the virus can occasionally cause more severe cases, and even death. […] Prevention and control of dengue depend on vector control. There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue, and early detection and access to proper medical care greatly lower fatality rates of severe dengue. […] In severe cases, dengue can be fatal. […] Rarely, dengue can be severe and lead to death. […] Individuals who are infected for the second time are at greater risk of severe dengue. […] For people with severe dengue, hospitalization is often needed. […] Previous infection with DENV increases the risk of the individual developing severe dengue. […] People with these severe symptoms should get care right away.