Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

  Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. […] About half of the world’s population is now at risk of dengue with an estimated 100-400 million infections occurring each year. […] Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. […] The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades, with cases reported to WHO increasing from 505,430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019. […] The highest number of dengue cases was recorded in 2023, affecting over 80 countries in all regions of WHO. […] Since the beginning of 2023 ongoing transmission, combined with an unexpected spike in dengue cases, resulted in a historic high of over 6.5 million cases and more than 7,300 dengue-related deaths reported.

• #2 EPIDEMIOLOGY, BURDEN OF DISEASE AND TRANSMISSION – Dengue – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143159/

  Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In the last 50 years, incidence has increased 30-fold with increasing geographic expansion to new countries and, in the present decade, from urban to rural settings. An estimated 50 million dengue infections occur annually and approximately 2.5 billion people live in dengue endemic countries. The 2002 World Health Assembly resolution WHA55.17 urged greater commitment to dengue by WHO and its Member States. Of particular significance is the 2005 World Health Assembly resolution WHA58.3 on the revision of the International Health Regulations (IHR), which includes dengue as an example of a disease that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern with implications for health security due to disruption and rapid epidemic spread beyond national borders.

• #3 Dengue worldwide overview

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/dengue-monthly

  Since the beginning of 2025, and as of March, over 1.4 million dengue cases and over 400 dengue-related deaths have been reported from 53 countries/territories in the WHO Regions of the Americas (PAHO), South-East Asia and West Pacific Regions (SEARO and WPRO, respectively), in the Eastern Mediterranean WHO Region (EMRO) and in Africa. […] In the PAHO Region, over one million cases have been reported, 34% of which have been laboratory confirmed. The number of cases reported to date is 65% less than that reported for the same period in 2024, and 4% above the average for the last five years, according to the WHO PAHO report published on 20 March 2025 (including data until end of February 2025). […] In Bangladesh, according to the SEARO report published on 12 March 2025, the total number of dengue cases in 2025 is higher than for the same period in 2024, while the number of deaths in 2025 is lower (1 493 cases and 14 deaths in the first six weeks of 2025 compared to 1 224 cases and 18 deaths during the first six weeks of 2024).

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue

  The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries in the WHO Regions of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. […] Dengue is spreading to new areas in Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean and South America. […] The largest number of dengue cases reported was in 2023. […] Routine vector surveillance and control activities engaging community greatly enhances a community’s resilience. […] WHO supports countries in improving their reporting systems and capture the true burden of the disease.

• #5 EPIDEMIOLOGY, BURDEN OF DISEASE AND TRANSMISSION – Dengue – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143159/

  Some 1.8 billion (more than 70%) of the population at risk for dengue worldwide live in member states of the WHO South-East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region, which bear nearly 75% of the current global disease burden due to dengue. The Asia Pacific Dengue Strategic Plan for both regions (2008-2015) has been prepared in consultation with member countries and development partners in response to the increasing threat from dengue, which is spreading to new geographical areas and causing high mortality during the early phase of outbreaks. The strategic plan aims to aid countries to reverse the rising trend of dengue by enhancing their preparedness to detect, characterize and contain outbreaks rapidly and to stop the spread to new areas. […] Dengue has emerged as a serious public health problem in the Western Pacific Region. Since the last major pandemic in 1998, epidemics have recurred in much of the area. Lack of reporting remains one of the most important challenges in dengue prevention and control.

• #6 EPIDEMIOLOGY, BURDEN OF DISEASE AND TRANSMISSION – Dengue – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143159/

  Although dengue exists in the WHO African Region, surveillance data are poor. Outbreak reports exist, although they are not complete, and there is evidence that dengue outbreaks are increasing in size and frequency. Dengue is not officially reported to WHO by countries in the region. […] As described above, dengue is now endemic in all WHO regions except the WHO European Region. Data available for the European region indicate that most cases in the region have been reported by European Union member states, either as incidents in overseas territories or importations from endemic countries. However, in the past, dengue has been endemic in some Balkan and Mediterranean countries of the region, and imported cases in the presence of known mosquito vectors cannot exclude future disease spread.

• #7 Dengue worldwide overview

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/dengue-monthly

  In 2025, in Africa, over 3 600 cases and one death have been reported from Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Mali, Senegal and Sudan (Africa CDC Epidemic Intelligence Report of 12 March 2025). […] The likelihood of onward transmission of dengue and chikungunya virus in mainland Europe is linked to importation of the virus by viraemic travellers into receptive areas with established and active competent vectors (e.g. Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti). […] The environmental conditions in the areas of mainland Europe where Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti are established are currently unfavourable for mosquito activity and virus replication in mosquitoes. It is therefore unlikely that locally acquired chikungunya and dengue virus transmissions will occur until conditions become favourable in early summer.

• #8 Dengue: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-overview

  Dengue is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, particularly between latitudes 35 north and 35 south. Outbreaks are most prevalent in Southeast Asia, but the disease also affects the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, Oceania, and the Indian subcontinent. […] The incidence of dengue has dramatically increased, with estimates suggesting that 40-50% of the worlds population is at risk for the disease, including in more temperate areas. […] The global incidence of dengue has increased dramatically since the late 1900s, with an estimated 40-50% of the worlds population in 128 countries at risk. […] Dengue virus transmission follows 2 general patterns: epidemic dengue and hyperendemic dengue. Epidemic dengue transmission occurs when dengue virus is introduced into a region as an isolated event that involves a single viral strain.

• #9 Dengue: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/215840-overview

  Hyperendemic dengue transmission is characterized by the continuous circulation of multiple viral serotypes in an area where a large pool of susceptible hosts and a competent vector (with or without seasonal variation) are constantly present. […] Dengue is a reportable disease in the United States; known or suspected cases should be reported to public health authorities. […] The overall incidence of dengue, as well as the number of explosive outbreaks of dengue, has increased dramatically over the last few decades. […] An estimated 2.5-3 billion people (approximately 40-50% of the worlds population) are estimated to be at risk for dengue infection. […] The only continent that has not experienced dengue transmission is Antarctica.

• #10 Epidemiology | Dengue | CDC

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html

  Dengue fever (DF) is caused by any of four closely related viruses, or serotypes: dengue 1-4. […] Dengue is transmitted between people by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are found throughout the world. […] In many parts of the tropics and subtropics, dengue is endemic, that is, it occurs every year, usually during a season when Aedes mosquito populations are high, often when rainfall is optimal for breeding. […] Dengue epidemics require a coincidence of large numbers of vector mosquitoes, large numbers of people with no immunity to one of the four virus types (DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3, DENV 4), and the opportunity for contact between the two. […] Today about 2.5 billion people, or 40% of the worlds population, live in areas where there is a risk of dengue transmission. Dengue is endemic in at least 100 countries in Asia, the Pacific, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean.

• #11 Dengue: Symptoms, Prevention and Treatments – PAHO/WHO

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue

  Dengue is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. […] The disease has a seasonal pattern: most cases in the southern hemisphere occur in the first half of the year, and most cases in the northern hemisphere in the second half. […] The majority of cases in the southern hemisphere occur in the first part of the year, and the majority of cases in the northern hemisphere occur in the second half. […] Strengthened surveillance activities are highly important in the context of outbreaks of other vector-borne diseases, including Zika and Chikungunya. […] PAHO/WHO is supporting the development of an integrated epidemiological surveillance system model for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. […] PAHO/WHO promotes a clinical technical cooperation bundle in the countries to strengthen national capacities for clinical diagnosis and case management of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in the Region.

• #12 Dengue Fever Surveillance in Mato Grosso do Sul: Insights from Genomic Analysis and Implications for Public Health Strategies

  https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/9/1790

  Our newly generated genome sequences allowed us to identify the co-circulation of different DENV serotypes (DENV1-2), which suggests that distinct viral strains were introduced to the region multiple times. The movement of DENV strains across borders could potentially be aided by factors such as the mobility of infected individuals, trade activities, and tourism.

• #13 SciELO Brazil – The greatest Dengue epidemic in Brazil: Surveillance, Prevention, and Control The greatest Dengue epidemic in Brazil: Surveillance, Prevention, and Control

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rsbmt/a/gTT8ZZVR8g4Xx9xQPyp4GBz/

  The data revealed the spread of dengue to smaller municipalities in central-south Brazil, far from more urban centers, while larger cities were classified as having sustained transmission, which varies across Brazilian states, suggesting that other factors contribute to the rising cases in smaller towns. […] The impact of climate change on the global spread of dengue fever, particularly in Brazil, is a critical issue requiring comprehensive understanding and action. Climate change and its associated phenomena, such as rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events, have profound implications for the life cycle and distribution of Aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of the dengue virus. […] In Brazil, studies have utilized data mining techniques to investigate the recent expansion and exacerbation of the dengue incidence, revealing that prolonged temperature anomalies, urbanization, and previous circulation of the virus were significant contributors to the increased incidence in the central region of the country.

• #14 Dengue disease surveillance: an updated systematic literature review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4253126/

  To review the evidence for the application of tools for dengue outbreak prediction/detection and trend monitoring in passive and active disease surveillance systems in order to develop recommendations for endemic countries and identify important research needs. […] Dengue remains a major and growing public health threat worldwide. With the most recent study estimating that global infection rates of 390 million infections occur annually, the need for improved dengue surveillance is evident. Dengue surveillance is essential for the detection of outbreaks and, in the longer term, to monitor disease trends. […] Passive surveillance providing the baseline for outbreak alert should be strengthened and appropriate threshold levels for outbreak alerts investigated. Additional enhancement tools such as syndromic surveillance, laboratory support and motivation strategies can be added.

• #15 Public Health Considerations for Dengue | Dengue | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/php/public-health-considerations/index.html

  Global dengue cases rose sharply in 2024. In the United States, public health authorities in Puerto Rico declared an outbreak in March 2024, and local transmission of dengue has been reported in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Florida. […] Health departments should investigate and report all DENV infections. The goal of the investigation is to confirm that a case represents a recent DENV infection and to determine whether it is travel-associated or locally acquired to help guide public health and vector control response activities. […] Dengue is primarily spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Health departments should strongly consider implementing vector control when there is an increased risk of transmission, including high numbers of mosquitoes that can transmit DENV, high precipitation, adequate temperature range for mosquito proliferation, and an increase in travel-associated dengue cases. […] CDC has compiled considerations for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus surveillance and control intended for state and local public health officials and vector control specialists.

• #16 Public Health Considerations for Dengue | Dengue | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/php/public-health-considerations/index.html

  Health departments should investigate and report all dengue infections. […] Health departments should strongly consider implementing vector control when there is an increased risk of dengue transmission. […] CDC has compiled considerations for responding to travel-associated or locally acquired dengue cases in areas where the disease does not occur frequently. […] Most dengue cases reported in the continental United States occur in travelers who are infected elsewhere. However, dengue is endemic in six U.S. territories and freely associated states: Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. […] Local transmission of dengue has occurred in Florida, Texas, Hawaii, Arizona, and California.

• #17 Surveillance and updates on dengue fever

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/dengue-fever/surveillance-and-disease-data

  Every month ECDC provides detailed epidemiological overview of the worldwide transmission of dengue in its weekly threat report (Communicable Diseases Threat Report). […] Information on local transmission of dengue in mainland EU/EEA, including location, period, number of cases, virus serotype and mode of transmission. […] Guidelines for surveillance for invasive and native mosquito species of public health relevance. […] Surveillance report […] Dengue – Annual Epidemiological Report for 2022 […] Dengue – Annual Epidemiological Report for 2021 […] Dengue – Annual Epidemiological Report for 2020 […] Dengue – Annual Epidemiological Report for 2019 […] Dengue – Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018 […] Rapid risk assessment: Local transmission of dengue fever in France and Spain. […] Epidemiological update – dengue in Runion […] Epidemiological update: Outbreak of dengue in Madeira, Portugal, 13 February 2013.

• #18 PAHO/WHO Data – Dengue

  https://www3.paho.org/data/index.php/en/mnu-topics/indicadores-dengue-en.html

  Since 2003, and in response to the dengue situation in the Americas, the PAHO/WHO Regional Dengue Program, along with the countries in the Americas, implemented the Integrated Management Strategy for dengue prevention and control in the Americas (IMS-Dengue). This strategy integrates six components; patient care, social communication, environment, integrated vector management, laboratory and epidemiology. The epidemiological surveillance is part of this last component and represents one of the main challenges at Regional level, however, significant achievements are being made in terms of standardization of indicators, which will allow for timely interventions. […] Since 1980, PAHO/WHO has collected epidemiological data regarding the occurrence of dengue that the countries and territories in the Americas have reported directly or have published in national bulletins. Currently, there are 46 countries and territories reporting, weekly and systematically, the number of dengue cases, incidence rate, number of severe cases, number of deaths and case fatality rate, as well as entomological surveillance data. Additionally, the laboratories that integrate the Dengue Laboratory Network of the Americas (“RELDA”; 22 national laboratories of reference and 4 collaborating centers of PAHO/WHO) provide periodic information regarding the circulating serotypes in the Region. Nowadays, the epidemiologic surveillance of dengue in the Americas is based on a system of mandatory notification that covers all of the national territory.

• #19 Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System — Puerto Rico, 2012–2022 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/ss/ss7303a1.htm

  Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral illness worldwide and is endemic in Puerto Rico. Enhanced surveillance is necessary to determine disease prevalence, to characterize the epidemiology of severe disease, and to evaluate diagnostic and treatment practices to improve patient outcomes. The Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System (SEDSS) was established to monitor trends of dengue and dengue-like acute febrile illnesses (AFIs), characterize the clinical course of disease, and serve as an early warning system for viral infections with epidemic potential. […] SEDSS conducts enhanced surveillance for dengue and other relevant AFIs in Puerto Rico. This report includes aggregated data collected from May 2012 through December 2022. […] During May 2012-December 2022, a total of 43,608 participants with diagnosed AFI were enrolled in SEDSS; a majority of participants (45.0%) were from Ponce. During the surveillance period, there were 1,432 confirmed or probable cases of dengue.

• #20 Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System — Puerto Rico, 2012–2022 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/ss/ss7303a1.htm

  Dengue is endemic in Puerto Rico; however, incidence rates varied widely during the reporting period, with the last notable outbreak occurring during 2012-2013. […] SEDSS is the only site-based enhanced surveillance system designed to gather information on AFI cases in Puerto Rico. This report illustrates that SEDSS can be adapted to detect dengue, Zika, chikungunya, COVID-19, and influenza outbreaks, along with other seasonal acute respiratory viruses, underscoring the importance of recognizing signs and symptoms of relevant diseases and understanding transmission dynamics among these viruses. […] Data from SEDSS might guide sampling strategies and implementation of future trials to prevent arbovirus transmission, particularly during the expansion of SEDSS throughout the island to improve geographic representation.

• #21 Digital Health Interventions in Dengue Surveillance to Detect and Predict Outbreak: A Scoping Review

  https://www.openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/17/ELOCATOR/e18749445283264/FULLTEXT/

  Dengue fever is a global concern, with half of the population at risk. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have been widely used in Dengue surveillance. […] The main goal of Dengue disease surveillance is to detect and predict epidemic activity. […] In disease surveillance, digital health interventions (DHIs) have been widely implemented. […] Many studies have applied digital surveillance to detect and predict Dengue outbreaks such as Google Trends, internet search engines, social media platforms, online news, geographic information systems, and others. […] This study aims to fill that gap. Therefore, the first aim of this review is to identify digital health interventions that have been applied in Dengue surveillance to detect and predict outbreaks. […] The most discussed DHIs in Dengue Surveillance were Dengue, disease, data, health, system, cases, surveillance, information, application, and outbreak.

• #22 Digital Health Interventions in Dengue Surveillance to Detect and Predict Outbreak: A Scoping Review

  https://www.openpublichealthjournal.com/VOLUME/17/ELOCATOR/e18749445283264/FULLTEXT/

  The data analyzed must comply with the rules and cannot be arbitrary in surveillance activities. […] Another theme found in this review and related to DHIs is spatial or GIS (Geographic Information System). […] Other topics, such as Google Trends, internet search engines, and Twitter were also found in this research. […] This study found DHIs categories as shown in Fig. […] Technological advances such as DHIs in dengue surveillance have enabled many countries to integrate surveillance data globally. […] This study found 13 different DHIs categories in Dengue surveillance with annual trends. […] The purpose of the DHIs in these articles varies greatly depending on the type of DHIs, such as to identify risk areas, predict Dengue cases, develop an early warning model, assist in disease monitoring and surveillance, track Dengue case numbers, and others.

• #23 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Early Detection of Dengue Fever Outbreaks Using a Surveillance App (Mozzify): Cross-sectional Mixed Methods Usability Study

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2021/3/e19034/

  Background: While early detection and effective control of epidemics depend on appropriate surveillance methods, the Philippines bases its dengue fever surveillance system on a passive surveillance method (notifications from barangay/village health centers, municipal or city health offices, hospitals, and clinics). […] Public health surveillance aims to monitor dengue transmission accurately, triggering the necessary effective preventive measures and programs to prevent the occurrence and spread of diseases. […] Recently, the use of mHealth (mobile health) technology, specifically mobile apps, has been gaining prominence as a potential surveillance system that would meet the need for real-time disease surveillance and timely identification of epidemics. […] Mozzify is a noncommercial app that features real-time reporting and mapping of dengue cases, comprehensive health communication, and an evidence-based behavior modification system tailored for members of the general public and health care professionals.

• #24 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Early Detection of Dengue Fever Outbreaks Using a Surveillance App (Mozzify): Cross-sectional Mixed Methods Usability Study

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2021/3/e19034/

  It is an integrated mHealth app that combines appropriate surveillance methods in the early detection of disease outbreaks: indicator-based surveillance (IBS), event-based surveillance (EBS), and behavior modification. […] The app includes health care professionals in reporting laboratory-confirmed dengue fever cases, which is the provision of IBS. […] Mozzify also includes media reports and news, social media (timeline/chat forum), and links to websites of international and local health agencies to detect and monitor outbreaks which is the provision of the EBS method. […] With its acceptable performance as perceived by health care professionals and school-based young adults, Mozzify has the potential to be used as a strategic health intervention system for early detection of disease outbreaks in the Philippines.

• #25 Opportunities for improved surveillance and control of dengue from age-specific case data | eLife

  https://elifesciences.org/articles/45474

  One of the challenges faced by global disease surveillance efforts is the lack of comparability across systems. Reporting commonly focuses on overall incidence, despite differences in surveillance quality between and within countries. For most immunizing infections, the age distribution of incident cases provides a more robust picture of trends in transmission. We present a framework to estimate transmission intensity for dengue virus from age-specific incidence data, and apply it to 359 administrative units in Thailand, Colombia, Brazil and Mexico. Our estimates correlate well with those derived from seroprevalence data (the gold standard), capture the expected spatial heterogeneity in risk, and correlate with known environmental drivers of transmission. We show how this approach could be used to guide the implementation of control strategies such as vaccination. Since age-specific counts are routinely collected by many surveillance systems, they represent a unique opportunity to further our understanding of disease burden and risk for many diseases.

• #26 The overlapping global distribution of dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58609-5

  Arboviruses transmitted mainly by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Ae. albopictus, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, and yellow fever virus in urban settings, pose an escalating global threat. […] Recent epidemiological data from 2023 and early 2024 reveals an alarming surge in dengue cases across endemic countries, such as Brazil, Peru, and Bangladesh, marking the highest incidence years on record. […] The current burden of yellow fever is likely underestimated, impeding efficient planning, allocation, and evaluation of vaccination programmes. […] The recent challenges posed by upsurges in Aedes-borne arboviruses, coupled with climate, demographic changes, and increased human global mobility all of which are expected to worsen current trends, underscore the urgent need to enhance our understanding of the current geographical distribution of these diseases and their potential to expand into new regions.

• #27 Dengue Fever: Historical Perspective and the Global Response | ClinMed International Library | Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology |

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-2-015.php

  Dengue fever remains an important mosquito-borne viral illness resulting in substantial human and economic costs. Despite rising incidence rates in recent decades, there is cause for hope, particularly in light of recent advancements in dengue vaccine and vector control research. This article reviews past dengue control efforts and discusses current and future strategies for dengue control. […] Dengue fever (DF) is among the most common mosquito-borne infections in the world, yet it has long been categorized as a „neglected tropical disease.” Nevertheless, nearly 2.5 billion people live in dengue endemic regions, and each year an estimated 50-100 million people are infected, resulting in 500,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths. Even these numbers are likely an under representation, since many cases are undiagnosed and unreported due to discrepancies in reporting requirements and inadequate surveillance systems. The actual annual case load may be as high as 390 million.

• #28 Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47774-8

  Therefore, the areas where disease surveillance is the most needed – like the Caribbean – are often the same areas where we have limited publicly available data. […] Infectious disease surveillance of travelers has been shown to supplement local surveillance in low-resource areas. […] We used surveillance data among travelers to estimate that the 2022 outbreak in Cuba was similar in size to other large outbreaks reported in the Americas. […] Overall, our study highlights the importance of dengue surveillance among travelers and genomic epidemiology in supplementing local infectious disease surveillance in resource-limited locations by elucidating DENV transmission and spread within the Caribbean. […] There is significant variability in local dengue surveillance and reporting among Caribbean countries and territories, which can impact local outbreak responses and travel advisories.

• #29 Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria – a one health approach | One Health Outlook | Full Text

  https://onehealthoutlook.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42522-024-00121-9

  Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. […] In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. […] The study reveals a significant burden of DENV in Oyo State. […] The co-detection of LASV and DENV in one participant highlights the likely potential for co-infection. […] These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance systems, strengthened laboratory services, targeted vector control, and increased awareness. […] The existence of several DENV serotypes in Nigeria indicates that large and repeated epidemics of DHF/DSS may happen in the future.

• #30 Dengue Fever: Historical Perspective and the Global Response | ClinMed International Library | Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology |

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-2-015.php

  Improvements in surveillance systems are necessary for early outbreak detection, to better estimate the true burden of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of dengue control programs. Since collecting complete country level data is difficult in most dengue endemic nations, the establishment of sentinel sites for surveillance should be pursued. […] Epidemiologic surveillance is important, but efforts must be complemented by integrated vector management (IVM). This leads to the third arm of the WHO plan, namely sustainable vector control. […] The final arm of the WHO strategy is to improve basic and operational research. Some of these areas of research need are in clinical care, while other needed research tools are in public health.

• #31 Dengue fever as a reemerging disease in upper Egypt: Diagnosis, vector surveillance and genetic diversity using RT-LAMP assay | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0265760

  The surveillance of mosquitoes infected with DENV is an integral component of dengue disease control. It can provide early warning signs for a potential risk of disease transmission and enable monitoring and understanding of virus activity, particularly the predominant circulating serotype. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of field-based screening for DENV for estimating infection rates and identifying circulating DENV serotypes in both field-collected mosquitoes and infected patients. […] The present study documented the occurrence of a second DENV outbreak in three Egyptian governorates in Upper Egypt. Field surveillance near the patients residences revealed the reemergence of both larval and adult mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti, the main vector for DF transmission, supporting the reestablishment of this mosquito vector species in Egypt. Screening of DENV in humans and mosquito populations revealed high infection rates by RT-LAMP assay, which proved to be more effective than the NS1 immunochromatographic strip assay. Moreover, DENV-1 was the most prevalent dengue virus serotype in both humans and mosquito vectors, with most of the collected samples additionally being infected with other serotypes.

• #32 SciELO Brazil – The greatest Dengue epidemic in Brazil: Surveillance, Prevention, and Control The greatest Dengue epidemic in Brazil: Surveillance, Prevention, and Control

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rsbmt/a/gTT8ZZVR8g4Xx9xQPyp4GBz/

  The World Health Organization (WHO) is urging the integration of new technologies into health services, including the stratification method, Wolbachia-infected mosquito deployment method, mosquito-disseminated insecticide strategy, intradomiciliary residual spraying, and sterile insect techniques, which are recommended by scientific evidence and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. […] The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends its use before the start of the epidemic period, especially in buildings with many people (schools, health units, and community centers). […] Development of a dengue vaccine has been a noteworthy endeavor in the field of infectious diseases. Sanofi’s Dengvaxia was the first study to make significant progress in providing partial protection against four dengue virus serotypes.

• #33 Surveillance of Dengue Fever Virus: A Review of Epidemiological Models and Early Warning Systems | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

  https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001648

  Several surveillance system methods exist for a variety of vector borne diseases, yet successful early warning strategies are limited due to the complex and dynamic nature of the disease, environmental factors, the vectors and the hosts involved as well as the necessary health system infrastructure needed to combine all the factors in an integrated manner. […] The main objective of an early warning system is the collection of information leading to timely decision making processes which trigger disease intervention strategies in order to reduce the burden and effect of the disease on a specified population. […] As summarised in Beatty et al., 2010, recommendations suggest a comprehensive approach to dengue fever virus control, with emphasis on mosquito control, environmental measures, efficient data collection and sharing platforms including laboratory networks and finally the development of an early detection system. […] The ability to create an early warning system through the combination of climate, environmental, host and vector based data through various processes such as mathematical modelling and Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping have been used in many ways to improve veterinary and public health surveillance systems.

• #34 Dynamics and Efficacy: A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Novel Dengue | RMHP

  https://www.dovepress.com/dynamics-and-efficacy-a-comprehensive-evaluation-of-the-advanced-dengu-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP

  Therefore, establishing an efficient surveillance information system for the early detection and diagnosis of imported dengue cases is of positive significance for epidemic prevention and control. […] The early warning system for dengue fever in Ningbo City is currently capable of issuing alerts on a T+1 basis, with the workflow depicted in Figure 2. […] Remarkably, three of these cases eluded clinical diagnosis and were only identified following screening prompted by alerts from the early warning system. […] The investigation into the 2023 dengue fever infections in Ningbo City indicates that all recorded cases were domestically imported, with the majority originating from the Xishuangbanna of Yunnan. […] This alteration could be linked to the increased domestic travel following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions.

• #35 Dengue epidemic alert thresholds, a tool for surveillance and epidemic detection | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.24315684v1.full-text

  Epidemic detection enables swift public health responses. Dengue viruses pose a significant public health challenge in Puerto Rico, where they are endemic and cause intermittent epidemics. A weekly intercept-only negative binomial regression model was fitted using historical data from January 1986 to June 2024. Thresholds were defined using three percentiles (60%, 75%, and 90%). The 75th percentile threshold aligned best with historical epidemic classifications. This model provides a robust method for defining thresholds, accounting for skewed data, utilizing all historical data, and improving upon traditional methods like endemic channels. In March 2024, the Puerto Rico Department of Health declared a public health emergency due to an unseasonably early surge in cases that exceeded the epidemic alert threshold in February. This real-time application highlights the value of these thresholds to support dengue epidemic detection and public health response. Integrating thresholds with other tools and strategies can enhance epidemic preparedness and management.

• #36 Dengue Fever – 衛生福利部疾病管制署

  https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/ListContent/bg0g_VU_Ysrgkes_KRUDgQ?uaid=9_Oq7OYHa-l8B05iUwyVvQ

  Self reporting through the toll free 1922 hotline or local public health authority. […] The main strategies to control dengue fever in Taiwan are eliminating vector breeding sources and effectively lowering vector (mosquito) density. […] Taiwan CDC has devised a three stage prevention strategy for controlling the dengue fever epidemic. […] Constructing a disease surveillance mechanism for prompt control of suspected cases, strengthening disease surveillance and disease trend evaluation through official epidemic reporting systems and emerging disease surveillance, as well as public reporting and symptom declaration forms.

• #37 Dengue: Symptoms, Prevention and Treatments – PAHO/WHO

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/dengue

  PAHO/WHO is working to strengthen regional and national capacity for the prevention and control of vectors. […] The definitive diagnosis of dengue infection is made in the laboratory and depends on the detection of specific antibodies in the patient’s serum, detection of viral antigen or viral RNA in serum or tissue, or viral isolation. […] Recognition of the warning signs of dengue is essential to avoid progression to severe forms of dengue.

• #38 Dengue Fever | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/diseases-and-conditions/dengue/

  Dengue fever is an important mosquito-borne disease worldwide. […] Dengue for Florida Clinicians Training (taped Nov 15, 2019) […] For these reasons, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing or non-structural protein (NS1) testing during the first week of illness is recommended. This is particularly important for those who may have had previous exposure to dengue virus. […] While previously present in Florida, the virus was eliminated from the United States several decades ago. Since then, a small number of cases have been reported each year in individuals with recent travel history to a dengue-endemic country. Until 2009, there were no reports of dengue acquired in Florida since 1934. In 2009 -2010, an outbreak of dengue was identified in Key West. A total 22 persons were identified with dengue fever in Key West during the summer and fall of 2009. In 2010, 66 cases of locally acquired dengue associated with Key West were reported in Florida with onset dates between March and November 2010.

• #39 Epidemiology | Dengue | CDC

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/index.html

  Nearly all dengue cases reported in the 48 continental states were acquired elsewhere by travelers or immigrants. […] Because contact between Aedes and people is infrequent in the continental U.S., these imported cases rarely result in secondary transmission. […] Most dengue cases in U.S. citizens occur in those inhabitants of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Samoa and Guam, which are endemic for the virus. […] DF and DHF cases have long been reportable by law to public health authorities in 26 states. Beginning in 2009, all nationally diagnosed dengue infections will be reportable to the CDC. […] Statistics on cases have been compiled in Puerto Rico since 1915 and, since 1969, CDCs Dengue Branch, located at San Juan, has operated the island-wide passive dengue surveillance system (PDSS) in partnership with the Puerto Rico Department of Health.

• #40 Dengue virus infection | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/diseases/dengue-virus-infection

  Dengue virus infection is a nationally notifiable disease. […] We monitor cases through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.

• #41 New Assay Promises Accurate Diagnosis and Surveillance of Dengue and Zika Viruses | Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases

  https://globalhealth.unc.edu/2025/02/new-assay-promises-accurate-diagnosis-and-surveillance-of-dengue-and-zika-viruses/

  Aravinda de Silva, PhD, MPH, a member of the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, has designed a new blood test to accurately diagnose dengue and Zika Viruses, to improve surveillance and advance vaccine development. […] Individual infections and the spread of these viruses through populations can be tracked with a blood test, but because the two viruses are closely related, diagnosis can be challenging, said Aravinda de Silva, PhD, MPH, professor of microbiology and immunology. […] This limitation impacts surveillance, preventive measures and vaccine development. […] De Silver, with Prem Lakshmanane, PhD, associate professor, and postdoctoral fellow Lindsay Dahora Hein, led a new study published in Lancet Microbe that addresses this longstanding challenge in serologythe cross-reactivity between dengue virus and Zika virus antibodies that limits accurate diagnosis and surveillance.

• #42 New Assay Promises Accurate Diagnosis and Surveillance of Dengue and Zika Viruses | Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases

  https://globalhealth.unc.edu/2025/02/new-assay-promises-accurate-diagnosis-and-surveillance-of-dengue-and-zika-viruses/

  The assay can also provide precise serological differentiation of past infections with one or both viruses, a critical need for epidemiological studies, vaccine eligibility screening, and clinical research in regions where these viruses co-circulate. […] This underscores its potential utility for pre-vaccination screening and large-scale surveillance. […] Accurate diagnosis will help advance vaccine and treatment development.

• #43 Dengue disease surveillance: an updated systematic literature review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4253126/

  Further research on evidence-based response strategies and cost-effectiveness is needed. […] The aims of this review were to strengthen the evidence base and (where required) adjust the recommendations by incorporating new trends and tools and to identify and summarise advances or improvements made.

• #44 The overlapping global distribution of dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58609-5

  Our maps show that recent spread of chikungunya and Zika has been wholly within areas already suitable for dengue. This indicates that any area with dengue is at risk of, or may already have experienced, transmission of Zika or chikungunya viruses. […] Our analysis addresses the long-standing issue of spatial surveillance biases in the field of global disease mapping by nesting separate models for surveillance and disease risk. […] These more focal and refined maps better align with the sporadic nature of dengue, chikungunya and Zika outbreaks in Europe and USA and enable a more targeted approach to detecting and responding to arboviral introduction. […] We estimate that globally, 5.66 (95% confidence interval 5.64-5.68) billion people live in areas that are at-risk of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, with the vast majority in Asia, followed by Africa and the Americas, encompassing 169 countries. […] We predict that there are 1.54 (1.53-1.54) billion people living in areas at risk of yellow fever, distributed across 54 countries in South America and Africa.

• #45 SciELO Brazil – The greatest Dengue epidemic in Brazil: Surveillance, Prevention, and Control The greatest Dengue epidemic in Brazil: Surveillance, Prevention, and Control

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rsbmt/a/gTT8ZZVR8g4Xx9xQPyp4GBz/

  The Takeda vaccine candidate, TAK-003, demonstrated its potential through its tetravalent formulation. […] Our appraisal provides an updated synthesis of new technologies for the control Ae. aegypti in Brazil. Effective control is limited by the difficulty in identifying and controlling mosquito breeding sites, which is worsened by the resistance of mosquitoes to most insecticides. […] Increasing tetravalent vaccination coverage and the implementation of a novel Ae. aegypti infection control technologies could reduce the number of dengue cases in Brazil in the coming years. Community engagement through activities such as home cleaning and elimination of potential mosquito breeding sites, facilitated by social media and health education initiatives, must continue to achieve this reduction. Ultimately, a multisectoral approach encompassing sanitary improvements, mosquito control, vaccination, and community mobilization is crucial in the fight against dengue epidemics.

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