Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd

  Because the cause is unclear, it may not be possible to prevent ventricular septal defect (VSD). But getting good prenatal care is important. If you have a VSD and are planning to become pregnant, schedule a visit with your health care provider and follow these steps: […] Get early prenatal care, even before you’re pregnant. Talk to your provider before you get pregnant about your health and discuss any lifestyle changes that your doctor may recommend for a healthy pregnancy. Also, be sure you talk to your doctor about any medications you’re taking. […] Take a multivitamin with folic acid. Taking 400 micrograms of folic acid daily has been shown to reduce birth defects in the brain and spinal cord. It may help reduce the risk of heart defects as well. […] Avoid alcohol. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital heart defects.

• #1 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd

  Don’t smoke or use illegal drugs. If you smoke, quit. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of a congenital heart defect in the baby. Avoid using illegal drugs as they may harm a developing baby. […] Get recommended vaccinations. Be sure you’re up to date on all of your vaccinations before becoming pregnant. Some infections can be harmful to a developing fetus. For example, having rubella (German measles) during pregnancy can cause problems in a baby’s heart development. A blood test done before pregnancy can determine if you’re immune to rubella. A vaccine is available for those who aren’t immune. […] Keep diabetes under control. Careful control of blood sugar before and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital heart defects in the baby. Diabetes that develops during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) generally doesn’t increase a baby’s risk. If you have diabetes, work with your provider to be sure it’s well controlled before getting pregnant.

• #1 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd

  Check with your provider before taking any medications. Some medications can cause birth defects. Tell your provider about all the medications you take, including those bought without a prescription. […] If you have a family history of heart problems present at birth, consider talking with a genetic counselor and a heart doctor (cardiologist) before getting pregnant.

• #1 Peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis in ventricular septal defect: a case study to re-visit guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5787728/

  The current American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines do not recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with acyanotic congenital valvular heart disease due to lack of any proven benefit and potential harm associated with antibiotics. […] We suggest that an acyanotic congenital heart disease with high velocity jet should be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis for IE. […] The current ACC/AHA guidelines do not necessitate IE prophylaxis in low to moderate risk individuals, which include non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases (e.g., VSD), due to lack of evidence that prophylactic antibiotics offer any benefit. […] We believe that ACC/AHA guidelines exclude unrepaired VSD patients from antibiotic prophylaxis, who might be at high risk of IE.

• #1 Peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis in ventricular septal defect: a case study to re-visit guidelines

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/17666/html

  The current American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines do not recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with acyanotic congenital valvular heart disease due to lack of any proven benefit and potential harm associated with antibiotics. […] We suggest that an acyanotic congenital heart disease with high velocity jet should be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis for IE. […] The current ACC/AHA guidelines do not necessitate IE prophylaxis in low to moderate risk individuals, which include non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases (e.g., VSD), due to lack of evidence that prophylactic antibiotics offer any benefit. […] We believe that ACC/AHA guidelines exclude unrepaired VSD patients from antibiotic prophylaxis, who might be at high risk of IE. […] Patients with VSD may be considered for prophylactic antibiotics in the perioperative period. […] We believe that antibiotic prophylaxis can potentially benefit VSD patients in the peripartum period since it is associated with high risk of IE.

• #1 Ventricular Septal Defect | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult

  https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617366/all/Ventricular_Septal_Defect

  Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) prophylaxis is recommended for 6 months after complete closure (surgical or catheter based) of a VSD. […] Based on the revised 2007 American Heart Association guidelines, isolated VSD does not warrant SBE prophylaxis. However, SBE prophylaxis is recommended for 6 months following complete surgical or interventional catheterization closure (no residual defect) of a VSD.

• #1 245. ACHD: Ventricular Septal Defects with Dr. Keri Shafer

  https://www.cardionerds.com/245-achd-ventricular-septal-defects-with-dr-keri-shafer/

  Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated for simple VSD. It is required for 6 months post VSD closure, in patients post VSD closure with a residual shunt and in Eisenmenger patients with RL shunt and cyanosis. […] What are indications for infective endocarditis prophylaxis? Post VSD closure for the first 6 months […] S/p VSD closure with a residual shunt […] Eisenmenger Syndrome (R L shunt with cyanosis) […] Small restrictive VSD does NOT meet criteria for SBE prophylaxis.

• #1 Ventricular Septal Defects Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Management of Symptomatic CHF, Intracardiac Repair of Defect

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/892980-treatment

  Children with small ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are asymptomatic and have an excellent long-term prognosis. Neither medical therapy nor surgical therapy is indicated. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy against endocarditis is no longer indicated in most cases. […] Maintenance of good oral hygiene is of paramount importance in reducing the risk of endocarditis. […] After intracardiac repair of a VSD, long-term infrequent follow-up is necessary. Patients with small VSDs do not require indefinite follow-up although subacute bacterial endocarditis remains a theoretical risk.

• #1 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/vsd

  Good dental hygiene to reduce oral bacteria is the best way to protect the heart from endocarditis. Kids should brush and floss daily, and see their dentist regularly. […] In general, patients with simple VSDs don’t need to take antibiotics before dental visits, except for the first 6 months after VSD surgery.

• #1 Ventricular Septal Defect: Treatments

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/structured-content/Treatment_Ventricular_Septal_Defect_Treatments_-_Cardiology.xml?co=/regions/mas

  While the heart heals during the first 6 months after surgery, we may recommend antibiotic use before dental and medical procedures. This is to prevent endocarditis, an infection of the inner heart lining, a heart valve, or a blood vessel. It’s caused by bacteria from the mouth or other body areas that enter the bloodstream. […] During the first 6 months after surgery, you may need to take antibiotics before dental and medical procedures. This is to prevent endocarditis. […] We’ll prescribe antibiotics if you have any leaks from a prior VSD repair.

• #1 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/health-article/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd/

  VSDs can be in different places on the septum and can vary in size. […] Good dental hygiene to reduce oral bacteria is the best way to protect the heart from endocarditis. Kids should brush and floss daily, and see their dentist regularly. In general, patients with simple VSDs dont need to take antibiotics before dental visits, except for the first 6 months after VSD surgery. […] If your child has trouble breathing, call your doctor or go to the emergency room right away. Other signs of a problem include: poor appetite or trouble feeding, failure to gain weight or weight loss, listlessness or decreased activity level, a long-lasting or unexplained fever, increasing pain, tenderness, or pus oozing from the surgery site. […] Having your child diagnosed with a heart condition can be scary. But the good news is that your pediatric cardiologist is very familiar with VSDs and how best to manage them. After surgery, most kids go on to live healthy, active lives.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/ventricular-septal-defect

  As the causes of ventricular septal defect (VSD) are mostly unknown, prevention may not be possible. […] It is however advisable to reduce the risk of VSD by ensuring appropriate prenatal care, including taking a multivitamin with folate, and avoiding smoking, illicit drug use and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/congenital-heart-disease/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd

  While there is no way to prevent ventricular septal defects, taking steps to stay healthy during pregnancy can help you avoid any unnecessary risks. The following actions can help keep both you and your infant healthy: […] Getting regular prenatal checkups […] Avoiding alcohol and drugs during pregnancy […] Eating a balanced diet.

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/ventricular-septal-defect

  Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is congenital and thus, it is difficult to prevent your baby from having this condition. However, a healthy pregnancy is still crucial to minimising the risks of VSD. Here are some steps you can take: […] Avoid harmful substance like alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. […] Make sure you keep up to date with your vaccinations to avoid infections that can be harmful to a developing fetus. […] Speak with your doctor early to get prenatal care and supplements even before you get pregnant. Discuss your current health, lifestyle and medications with your doctor. He/she will then provide you with advice for a healthy pregnancy. […] Eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly. […] Manage diabetes well if you have the condition and work closely with your doctor to keep it under control before getting pregnant.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defects – Causes, Types, and Symptoms | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/resources/congenital-heart-disease/ventricular-septal-defects/

  Ventricular septal defects cannot be prevented, but following certain measures during pregnancy may be helpful to prevent the risk of VSD. The measures include: […] Prenatal care before pregnancy: Consult a physician before planning for pregnancy and inform him about the family history of any congenital defects and the medications using currently, so that he may give suggestions or recommend some lifestyle modifications to avoid the risk of heart defects. […] Healthy diet: Having a balanced diet including vitamins and folic acid during pregnancy will help in giving birth to a healthy child without any heart defects. […] Regular exercise under the supervision of a gynecologist is necessary during pregnancy. […] Avoid alcohol, tobacco and harmful drug use: during pregnancy to prevent the risk of VSD. […] Get vaccinated: Check whether you are vaccinated for vaccine-preventable infections before getting pregnant. […] Control diabetes: Monitor your sugar levels regularly to prevent the risk of heart defects.

• #2 Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd

  Don’t smoke or use illegal drugs. If you smoke, quit. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of a congenital heart defect in the baby. Avoid using illegal drugs as they may harm a developing baby. […] Get recommended vaccinations. Be sure you’re up to date on all of your vaccinations before becoming pregnant. Some infections can be harmful to a developing fetus. For example, having rubella (German measles) during pregnancy can cause problems in a baby’s heart development. A blood test done before pregnancy can determine if you’re immune to rubella. A vaccine is available for those who aren’t immune. […] Keep diabetes under control. Careful control of blood sugar before and during pregnancy can reduce the risk of congenital heart defects in the baby. Diabetes that develops during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) generally doesn’t increase a baby’s risk. If you have diabetes, work with your provider to be sure it’s well controlled before getting pregnant.

• #2 Ventricular septal defect: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001099.htm

  Except for a VSD that is caused by a heart attack, this condition is always present at birth. […] Drinking alcohol and using the antiseizure medicines valproic acid (Depakote) and phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy may increase the risk for VSDs. Other than avoiding these things during pregnancy, there is no known way to prevent a VSD. […] Women who plan to become pregnant should be immunized against rubella if they are not already immune. Rubella infection in a pregnant woman can cause congenital heart disease. […] Women who are pregnant should get good prenatal care: […] Avoid alcohol and illegal drugs during pregnancy. […] Tell your provider that you are pregnant before taking any new medicines. […] Have a blood test early in your pregnancy to see if you are immune to rubella. If you are not immune, avoid any possible exposure to rubella and get vaccinated right after delivery. […] Pregnant women who have diabetes should try to get good control over their blood sugar level.

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/ventricular-septal-defect

  More importantly, if you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic disorders, speak with your doctor before getting pregnant. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis (taking preventive antibiotics) prior to dental procedures is not needed for patients with unrepaired VSD especially if there are no associated heart defects or complications. However, daily dental hygiene and 6 monthly dental reviews are important for prevention of endocarditis. After closure of VSD, antibiotic prophylaxis is needed for at least 6 – 12 months depending on whether the defect has completely closed.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defects Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Management of Symptomatic CHF, Intracardiac Repair of Defect

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/892980-treatment

  Children with small ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are asymptomatic and have an excellent long-term prognosis. Neither medical therapy nor surgical therapy is indicated. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy against endocarditis is no longer indicated in most cases. […] Maintenance of good oral hygiene is of paramount importance in reducing the risk of endocarditis. […] After intracardiac repair of a VSD, long-term infrequent follow-up is necessary. Patients with small VSDs do not require indefinite follow-up although subacute bacterial endocarditis remains a theoretical risk.

• #2 Small Ventricular Septal Defect – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://www.kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21860-small-ventricular-septal-defect

  Up until recently, children with any form of heart defect, including VSDs, were recommended to use antibiotics prior to dental work or surgery to minimize the risk of heart-related infection (SBE prophylaxis). […] However, in May 2007 the American Heart Association changed this recommendation such that now most children with congenital heart disease, including those with VSDs, no longer require this precaution.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://www.kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21836-ventricular-septal-defect2

  Up until recently, patients with any form of heart defect, including a VSD, were recommended to use antibiotics (SBE prophylaxis) prior to dental work or surgery to minimize the risk of heart-related infection. […] However, in May 2007 the American Heart Association changed this recommendation such that now most patients with congenital heart disease, including those with a VSD, no longer require this precaution.

• #2 245. ACHD: Ventricular Septal Defects with Dr. Keri Shafer

  https://www.cardionerds.com/245-achd-ventricular-septal-defects-with-dr-keri-shafer/

  Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated for simple VSD. It is required for 6 months post VSD closure, in patients post VSD closure with a residual shunt and in Eisenmenger patients with RL shunt and cyanosis. […] What are indications for infective endocarditis prophylaxis? Post VSD closure for the first 6 months […] S/p VSD closure with a residual shunt […] Eisenmenger Syndrome (R L shunt with cyanosis) […] Small restrictive VSD does NOT meet criteria for SBE prophylaxis.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/ventricular-septal-defect/

  Currently, open-heart surgery is the recommended method to close most holes and prevent serious problems. […] Prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis may still be needed unless no residual shunts are present. Your pediatric cardiologist should be able to let you know if this is necessary.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/vsd

  Good dental hygiene to reduce oral bacteria is the best way to protect the heart from endocarditis. Kids should brush and floss daily, and see their dentist regularly. […] In general, patients with simple VSDs don’t need to take antibiotics before dental visits, except for the first 6 months after VSD surgery.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vsd.html

  Good dental hygiene to reduce oral bacteria is the best way to protect the heart from endocarditis. Kids should brush and floss daily, and see their dentist regularly. In general, patients with simple VSDs don’t need to take antibiotics before dental visits, except for the first 6 months after VSD surgery. […] A cardiologist can prescribe medicine to lessen symptoms before the baby has surgery.

• #2 Are All Ventricular Septal Defects Created Equal? | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/are-all-ventricular-septal-defects-created-equal/

  The patient had received antibiotic prophylaxis prior to multiple previous dental procedures. […] This report raises the concern that patients with ventricular septal defects and left ventriculartoright-atrial shunts are at higher risk for endocarditis and may require antibiotic prophylaxis. […] VSDs are not classified as high-risk lesions in the revised 2007 AHA/ACC endocarditis guidelines, so these patients have not been receiving antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental work since the publication of these guidelines. […] We raise the concern that patients with VSDs and LV-RA shunts might be considered at higher risk and should receive antibiotic prophylaxis.

• #2 When Your Child Has a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

  https://library.sarahbush.org/RelatedItems/3,89100

  A VSD is a congenital heart defect. This means its a problem with the hearts structure that your child was born with. […] Your child may need to take antibiotics before having any surgery or dental work for 6 months or longer after surgery. This is to prevent infection of the inside lining of the heart and valves. This infection is called infective endocarditis. Ask your child’s cardiologist about this.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/ventricular-septal-defect

  Women can do nothing during pregnancy to prevent their babies from developing a ventricular septal defect. […] Routine antibiotic use is warranted for dental surgery and any invasive procedure if any VSD is still present after closure. […] Because endocarditis is always possible, medical professionals may recommend that children with certain types of ventricular septal defects receive antibiotics before undergoing dental procedures or surgery.

• #2 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) | Presbyterian Healthcare SystemPresbyterian Healthcare ServicesSearchPresbyterian Healthcare ServicesSearch

  https://www2.phs.org/heart/Services/Conditions/Ventricular-Septal-Defect-VSD

  After the VSD is repaired, you or your child will need follow-up care throughout life for doctors to monitor your condition and check for any signs of complications. […] Prevent endocarditis. Your doctor may recommend antibiotics before dental care if you’ve had prior endocarditis, a heart valve replacement, or VSD repair with artificial material.

• #2 Understanding Ventricular Septal Defect: Causes, Symptoms, and Management – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/understanding-ventricular-septal-defect-causes-symptoms-and-management/

  Ventricular septal defects occur during fetal heart development, usually within the first eight weeks of pregnancy. The exact cause is often unknown, but several factors may contribute to the development of VSD: […] While some cases of VSD may be unavoidable, certain measures can reduce the risk: […] Prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups and screenings can help detect and manage potential risk factors. […] Avoid harmful substances: Pregnant women should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. […] Medication management: Discuss the safety of medications with a healthcare provider during pregnancy. […] Manage pre-existing conditions: Properly managing diabetes, high blood pressure, and other medical conditions can reduce the risk. […] In conclusion, Ventricular septal defect is a common congenital heart condition that may range from asymptomatic to severe. Proper prenatal care, early detection, and timely intervention are essential to prevent complications and ensure a healthy life for children with VSD.

• #3 Ventricular septal defect prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ventricular_septal_defect_prevention

  Except for the case of heart-attack-associated VSD, this condition is always present at birth. […] Drinking alcohol and using the antiseizure medicines depakote and dilantin during pregnancy have been associated with increased incidence of VSDs. Other than avoiding these things during pregnancy, there is no known way to prevent a VSD.

• #3 Peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis in ventricular septal defect: a case study to re-visit guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5787728/

  Patients with VSD may be considered for prophylactic antibiotics in the perioperative period. […] We believe that antibiotic prophylaxis can potentially benefit VSD patients in the peripartum period since it is associated with high risk of IE. […] Single dose of second generation cephalosporin (e.g., cefotetan or cefoxitin) can be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to vaginal delivery for VSD patients.

• #3 Peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis in ventricular septal defect: a case study to re-visit guidelines

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/17666/html

  The current American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines do not recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with acyanotic congenital valvular heart disease due to lack of any proven benefit and potential harm associated with antibiotics. […] We suggest that an acyanotic congenital heart disease with high velocity jet should be considered for antibiotic prophylaxis for IE. […] The current ACC/AHA guidelines do not necessitate IE prophylaxis in low to moderate risk individuals, which include non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases (e.g., VSD), due to lack of evidence that prophylactic antibiotics offer any benefit. […] We believe that ACC/AHA guidelines exclude unrepaired VSD patients from antibiotic prophylaxis, who might be at high risk of IE. […] Patients with VSD may be considered for prophylactic antibiotics in the perioperative period. […] We believe that antibiotic prophylaxis can potentially benefit VSD patients in the peripartum period since it is associated with high risk of IE.

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