Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] In diabetes insipidus, AVP fails to properly regulate your body’s level of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] The 3 most common causes of AVP-D are: a brain tumour that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, complications that occur during brain or pituitary surgery. […] No cause can be found for about a third of all cases of AVP-D. […] These cases, known as idiopathic, appear to be related to the immune system attacking the normal healthy cells producing AVP. […] Less common causes of AVP-D include: cancers that spread from another part of the body to the brain, Wolfram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that also causes vision loss, brain damage caused by a sudden loss of oxygen, which can occur during a stroke or drowning, infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, that can damage the brain.

• #3 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is usually caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin that helps your kidneys balance the amount of fluid in your body. Problems with a part of your brain that controls thirst can also cause diabetes insipidus. Specific causes vary among the four types of diabetes insipidus: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. […] In central diabetes insipidus, your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone. Causes of central diabetes insipidus include damage to your hypothalamus or your pituitary gland from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, an autoimmune disorder, and an inherited gene mutation. […] In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, your body makes enough vasopressin but your kidneys don’t respond to the hormone as they should. Causes include some medicines, especially those used to treat bipolar disorder, low levels of potassium in your blood, high levels of calcium in your blood, a blocked urinary tract, an inherited gene mutation, and chronic kidney disease, though rarely.

• #4 Diabetes Insipidus Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Kidney Care | Dallas Renal Group

  https://dallasrenalgroup.com/patients/diabetes-diseases-and-conditions/

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when a persons kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipiddilute and odorless. […] In people with diabetes insipidus, the kidneys can pass 3 to 20 quarts of urine a day. […] Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellituswhich includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are unrelated, although both conditions cause frequent urination and constant thirst. […] Each type of diabetes insipidus has a different cause. […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when damage to a persons hypothalamus or pituitary gland causes disruptions in the normal production, storage, and release of vasopressin. […] Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can result from the following: surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, head injury.

• #5 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #6 Diabetes insipidus: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000377.htm

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. […] DI occurs when your kidneys cannot concentrate the urine normally, and a large amount of dilute urine is excreted. […] The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. […] When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Central DI is rare. It can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of: Genetic problems, Head injury (common cause), Infection in the brain, Problem with the ADH-producing cells due to an autoimmune disease, Loss of blood supply to the pituitary gland, Surgery in the area of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus (most common cause), Tumors in or near the pituitary gland. […] Nephrogenic DI involves a defect in the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys do not respond to ADH. Nephrogenic DI may be caused by: Certain medicines, such as lithium, Genetic problems, High level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia), Kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease.

• #7 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arginine-vasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-postdiagnostic-evaluation

  Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) may be acquired or congenital (table 1). […] Acquired AVP-D accounts for the majority of cases. The most common acquired causes of AVP-D are autoimmune neurohypophysitis, primary or secondary tumors, infiltrative diseases (such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and sarcoidosis), neurosurgery, and head trauma. […] AVP-D can be induced by neurosurgery (usually in the sellar or suprasellar area) or by head trauma that damages the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. […] Approximately 30 to 50 percent of cases of nontraumatic AVP-D are believed to be associated with destruction of the hormone-secreting cells in the hypothalamic nuclei. […] Primary or secondary brain tumors (most often due to lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D.

• #8 ArginineVasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/argininevasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus

  Argininevasopressin deficiency has several causes, including a brain tumor, a brain injury, brain surgery, tuberculosis, and some forms of other diseases. […] Other disorders that can cause central diabetes insipidus include accidental damage done during surgery on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a brain injury, particularly a fracture of the base of the skull, a tumor, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, an aneurysm (a bulge in the wall of an artery) in an artery leading to the brain, blockage in an artery leading to the brain, some forms of encephalitis, some forms of meningitis, and the rare disease Langerhans cell histiocytosis. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) is another type of diabetes insipidus in which there is an adequate amount of vasopressin, but abnormalities in the kidneys cause them not to respond to vasopressin.

• #9 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is usually caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin that helps your kidneys balance the amount of fluid in your body. Problems with a part of your brain that controls thirst can also cause diabetes insipidus. Specific causes vary among the four types of diabetes insipidus: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. […] In central diabetes insipidus, your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone. Causes of central diabetes insipidus include damage to your hypothalamus or your pituitary gland from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, an autoimmune disorder, and an inherited gene mutation. […] In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, your body makes enough vasopressin but your kidneys don’t respond to the hormone as they should. Causes include some medicines, especially those used to treat bipolar disorder, low levels of potassium in your blood, high levels of calcium in your blood, a blocked urinary tract, an inherited gene mutation, and chronic kidney disease, though rarely.

• #10 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that makes you have an intense thirst and causes your body to make a lot of colorless, odorless urine. […] You get this type when damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland affects how your body makes or releases a hormone called vasopressin. […] If you have central diabetes insipidus, your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body, and you pee more. This damage can result from: A tumor, A head injury, A blocked or bulging artery (aneurysm), Diseases such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Infection, Inflammation, Surgery. […] You get this when your kidneys don’t respond to vasopressin and take too much fluid from your bloodstream. Doctors don’t always know why it happens, but some causes include: A blocked urinary tract, Chronic kidney disease, High levels of calcium in your blood, Low levels of potassium in your blood, Some medications, such as lithium.

• #11 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  DI is usually an acquired disorder, with central DI having different causes than does nephrogenic DI. In rare cases, central or nephrogenic DI may be an inherited disorder. […] Central DI has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic – 30%, Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary – 25%, Cranial surgery – 20%, Head trauma – 16%. […] Idiopathic central DI presumably develops when cells in the hypothalamus are damaged or destroyed. […] Increasingly, the role of inflammation and autoimmunity in DI is being recognized. […] Other causes of central DI include cancer, hypoxic encephalopathy, granulomatous disease, anorexia nervosa, and vascular lesions. […] In adults, nephrogenic DI most often develops as a result of lithium toxicity or hypercalcemia.

• #12 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Neoplastic conditions – Central diabetes insipidus can result from primary or secondary brain malignancies that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary area; secondary tumors are typically caused by metastasis from lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma. […] Trauma – Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. […] Vascular disorders – Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan’s syndrome have been known to cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Inflammation/Infection – Central diabetes insipidus has been linked to sarcoid, histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, post-tuberculosis meningitis, HIV, COVID-19, post encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, abscess, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• #13 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arginine-vasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-postdiagnostic-evaluation

  Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) may be acquired or congenital (table 1). […] Acquired AVP-D accounts for the majority of cases. The most common acquired causes of AVP-D are autoimmune neurohypophysitis, primary or secondary tumors, infiltrative diseases (such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and sarcoidosis), neurosurgery, and head trauma. […] AVP-D can be induced by neurosurgery (usually in the sellar or suprasellar area) or by head trauma that damages the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. […] Approximately 30 to 50 percent of cases of nontraumatic AVP-D are believed to be associated with destruction of the hormone-secreting cells in the hypothalamic nuclei. […] Primary or secondary brain tumors (most often due to lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D.

• #14 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Diabetes Insipidus Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include kidney disease or hereditary. […] The cause of diabetes insipidus is problems with antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). Either the body does not make enough which affects the balance of fluids in the body, or the body produces adequate amounts but the kidneys do not respond to it. […] The cause of most cases of central diabetes insipidus is unknown. Possible causes of central diabetes insipidus include: Cancers (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, or tumors in the brain), Infiltrative diseases (such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis), Neurosurgery, Trauma to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary, Genetic disorders (Familial CDI, Wolfram syndrome, Congenital hypopituitarism, Septo-optic dysplasia), Hypoxic encephalopathy, Post-supraventricular tachycardia, Anorexia nervosa.

• #15 Diabetes Insipidus in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/diabetes-insipidus-children

  Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition that causes excessive production of very diluted urine and, as a result, intense thirst. […] The underlying problem in diabetes insipidus is either too little ADH reaching the kidneys or the failure of the kidneys to respond to it. […] Central diabetes insipidus can be the result of damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland caused by: Brain surgery, Brain malformation, Tumor in or near the pituitary gland, Inflammation of the pituitary gland (hypophysitis), Langerhan cell histiocytosis, Some genetic disorders, Head injury, Interruption of the blood supply to the pituitary gland, Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord), Sarcoidosis (a rare inflammation of the lymph nodes and other tissues throughout the body), Tuberculosis. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the result of a defect in the kidneys, which may be caused by: Certain medications, such as lithium, Genetic disorder, Kidney disease, High level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia).

• #16 Diabetes Insipidus | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by not enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. […] Typical causes include injury to the brain, tumor, and rare genetic disorders. […] With this type, not enough ADH is made or secreted. […] This is most often because of medicines or chronic disorders. […] This occurs only during pregnancy and usually goes away after your baby is born. […] Diabetes insipidus can be caused by conditions, such as: A hypothalamus gland that doesnt make enough ADH, A pituitary gland that doesnt release enough ADH into the blood, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery or radiation therapy, Brain injury, Brain tumor, Tuberculosis, Blockage in the arteries leading to the brain, Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), Sarcoidosis, Family heredity, Certain medicines, such as lithium. […] A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #17 Quick Facts:Central Diabetes Insipidus – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/central-diabetes-insipidus

  Central diabetes insipidus is usually caused by a brain problem, such as a tumor or injury, or brain surgery […] Causes of central diabetes insipidus include: Accidental damage to your pituitary gland during surgery […] A brain injury, especially a fracture to the base of the skull […] A brain tumor […] Sarcoidosis […] Tuberculosis […] Blocked blood flow to your brain […] Encephalitis (swelling of your brain caused by an infection)

• #18 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #19 Diabetes insipidus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/diabetes-insipidus?lang=us

  Diabetes insipidus may be described as 1-3: […] central diabetes insipidus: reduced secretion of vasopressin […] trauma […] neurosurgery […] malignancy, e.g. craniopharyngioma, germinoma, metastases […] autoimmune disease, e.g. lymphocytic hypophysitis […] inflammatory disease, e.g. sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, IgG4-related […] infection, e.g. tuberculosis […] pregnancy […] familial (rare) […] idiopathic […] peripheral diabetes insipidus: increased end-organ resistance to vasopressin […] congenital renal insensitivity to vasopressin (rare) […] long-term lithium use (15% of patients) […] metabolic, e.g. hypokalemia, hypercalcemia […] chronic kidney disease […] pregnancy.

• #20 Diabetes Insipidus in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/diabetes-insipidus-children

  Diabetes insipidus is an uncommon condition that causes excessive production of very diluted urine and, as a result, intense thirst. […] The underlying problem in diabetes insipidus is either too little ADH reaching the kidneys or the failure of the kidneys to respond to it. […] Central diabetes insipidus can be the result of damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland caused by: Brain surgery, Brain malformation, Tumor in or near the pituitary gland, Inflammation of the pituitary gland (hypophysitis), Langerhan cell histiocytosis, Some genetic disorders, Head injury, Interruption of the blood supply to the pituitary gland, Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord), Sarcoidosis (a rare inflammation of the lymph nodes and other tissues throughout the body), Tuberculosis. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the result of a defect in the kidneys, which may be caused by: Certain medications, such as lithium, Genetic disorder, Kidney disease, High level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia).

• #21 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #22 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Neoplastic conditions – Central diabetes insipidus can result from primary or secondary brain malignancies that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary area; secondary tumors are typically caused by metastasis from lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma. […] Trauma – Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. […] Vascular disorders – Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan’s syndrome have been known to cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Inflammation/Infection – Central diabetes insipidus has been linked to sarcoid, histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, post-tuberculosis meningitis, HIV, COVID-19, post encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, abscess, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• #23 Diabetes insipidus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/diabetes-insipidus?lang=us

  Diabetes insipidus may be described as 1-3: […] central diabetes insipidus: reduced secretion of vasopressin […] trauma […] neurosurgery […] malignancy, e.g. craniopharyngioma, germinoma, metastases […] autoimmune disease, e.g. lymphocytic hypophysitis […] inflammatory disease, e.g. sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, IgG4-related […] infection, e.g. tuberculosis […] pregnancy […] familial (rare) […] idiopathic […] peripheral diabetes insipidus: increased end-organ resistance to vasopressin […] congenital renal insensitivity to vasopressin (rare) […] long-term lithium use (15% of patients) […] metabolic, e.g. hypokalemia, hypercalcemia […] chronic kidney disease […] pregnancy.

• #24 Central Diabetes Insipidus • LITFL • CCC Neurosurgery

  https://litfl.com/central-diabetes-insipidus/

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by loss of the effect of antidiuretic hormone on the collecting ducts of the kidneys, resulting in loss of free water. […] central DI (CDI) results from causes that impair the synthesis, transport, or release of ADH. […] Causes of central diabetes insipidus include surgery (transsphenoidal), TBI, idiopathic causes, autoimmune conditions, tumors (suprasellar, lung, breast, lymphoma, leukaemia), hypoxic brain injury, brain stem death, profound hyponatraemia leading to cerebral oedema, radiotherapy, inflammatory conditions (sickle cell, sarcoid, Wegeners, histiocytosis X), infections (Tb, abscess, encephalitis, meningitis), and vascular disease (CVA, SAH, Sheehans syndrome, pituitary apoplexy). […] Congenital causes include autosomal dominant mutation in ADH production and Wolfram syndrome.

• #25 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Neoplastic conditions – Central diabetes insipidus can result from primary or secondary brain malignancies that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary area; secondary tumors are typically caused by metastasis from lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma. […] Trauma – Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. […] Vascular disorders – Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan’s syndrome have been known to cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Inflammation/Infection – Central diabetes insipidus has been linked to sarcoid, histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, post-tuberculosis meningitis, HIV, COVID-19, post encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, abscess, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• #26 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/diabetes-insipidus-pro

  Vascular disorders – haemorrhage/thrombosis, aneurysms, sickle cell disease, Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis). […] Inherited: Autosomal recessive combination of DI, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness (DIDMOAD) – Wolfram’s syndrome. […] Autosomal dominant mutations of vasopressin gene. […] Acquired nephrogenic DI: Idiopathic. […] Chronic kidney disease. […] Drugs – eg, ofloxacin, orlistat, lithium. […] Congenital/genetic nephrogenic DI: X-linked mutation in V2 ADH-receptor gene. […] Autosomal recessive defect in aquaporin 2 (AQP2) gene – water channel in distal renal tubule.

• #27 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Neoplastic conditions – Central diabetes insipidus can result from primary or secondary brain malignancies that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary area; secondary tumors are typically caused by metastasis from lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma. […] Trauma – Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. […] Vascular disorders – Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan’s syndrome have been known to cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Inflammation/Infection – Central diabetes insipidus has been linked to sarcoid, histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, post-tuberculosis meningitis, HIV, COVID-19, post encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, abscess, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• #28 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that makes you have an intense thirst and causes your body to make a lot of colorless, odorless urine. […] You get this type when damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland affects how your body makes or releases a hormone called vasopressin. […] If you have central diabetes insipidus, your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body, and you pee more. This damage can result from: A tumor, A head injury, A blocked or bulging artery (aneurysm), Diseases such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Infection, Inflammation, Surgery. […] You get this when your kidneys don’t respond to vasopressin and take too much fluid from your bloodstream. Doctors don’t always know why it happens, but some causes include: A blocked urinary tract, Chronic kidney disease, High levels of calcium in your blood, Low levels of potassium in your blood, Some medications, such as lithium.

• #29 ArginineVasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/argininevasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus

  Argininevasopressin deficiency has several causes, including a brain tumor, a brain injury, brain surgery, tuberculosis, and some forms of other diseases. […] Other disorders that can cause central diabetes insipidus include accidental damage done during surgery on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a brain injury, particularly a fracture of the base of the skull, a tumor, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, an aneurysm (a bulge in the wall of an artery) in an artery leading to the brain, blockage in an artery leading to the brain, some forms of encephalitis, some forms of meningitis, and the rare disease Langerhans cell histiocytosis. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) is another type of diabetes insipidus in which there is an adequate amount of vasopressin, but abnormalities in the kidneys cause them not to respond to vasopressin.

• #30 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #31 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Diabetes Insipidus Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include kidney disease or hereditary. […] The cause of diabetes insipidus is problems with antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). Either the body does not make enough which affects the balance of fluids in the body, or the body produces adequate amounts but the kidneys do not respond to it. […] The cause of most cases of central diabetes insipidus is unknown. Possible causes of central diabetes insipidus include: Cancers (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, or tumors in the brain), Infiltrative diseases (such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis), Neurosurgery, Trauma to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary, Genetic disorders (Familial CDI, Wolfram syndrome, Congenital hypopituitarism, Septo-optic dysplasia), Hypoxic encephalopathy, Post-supraventricular tachycardia, Anorexia nervosa.

• #32 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arginine-vasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-postdiagnostic-evaluation

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #33 Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23515-central-diabetes-insipidus-cdi

  Central diabetes insipidus results from a partial or complete deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin). This deficiency usually results from damage to your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or the tissue that connects them (pituitary stalk). Specific causes include: […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when your hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland aren’t working properly and aren’t releasing enough ADH. It’s usually caused by damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which can come from several conditions, such as a head injury, surgery, inflammation or tumors. […] In approximately one-third of CDI cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is known as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Researchers believe that some cases of idiopathic CDI may be caused by autoimmune factors. Autoimmune conditions happen when your body’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons. In this case, your immune system would produce antibodies or lymphocytes that attack cells that release ADH.

• #34 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/diabetes-insipidus-pro

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by hyposecretion of, or insensitivity to the effects of, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as arginine vasopressin (AVP). […] There are two major forms of diabetes insipidus: Cranial DI: decreased secretion of ADH. Decreased secretion of ADH reduces the ability to concentrate urine and so causes polyuria and polydipsia. […] Nephrogenic DI: decreased ability to concentrate urine because of resistance to ADH in the kidney. […] This is usually due to disease of the hypothalamus or surrounding tissues. […] Acquired: Idiopathic. […] Tumours – craniopharyngioma, germinoma, hypothalamic metastases (especially breast carcinoma), hypothalamic glioma, large pituitary tumours with suprasellar extension, lymphoma. […] Infections – encephalitis, meningitis, cerebral abscess.

• #35 Diabetes Insipidus | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by not enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. […] Typical causes include injury to the brain, tumor, and rare genetic disorders. […] With this type, not enough ADH is made or secreted. […] This is most often because of medicines or chronic disorders. […] This occurs only during pregnancy and usually goes away after your baby is born. […] Diabetes insipidus can be caused by conditions, such as: A hypothalamus gland that doesnt make enough ADH, A pituitary gland that doesnt release enough ADH into the blood, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery or radiation therapy, Brain injury, Brain tumor, Tuberculosis, Blockage in the arteries leading to the brain, Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), Sarcoidosis, Family heredity, Certain medicines, such as lithium. […] A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #36 Diabetes Insipidus | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by not enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. […] Typical causes include injury to the brain, tumor, and rare genetic disorders. […] With this type, not enough ADH is made or secreted. […] This is most often because of medicines or chronic disorders. […] This occurs only during pregnancy and usually goes away after your baby is born. […] Diabetes insipidus can be caused by conditions, such as: A hypothalamus gland that doesnt make enough ADH, A pituitary gland that doesnt release enough ADH into the blood, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery or radiation therapy, Brain injury, Brain tumor, Tuberculosis, Blockage in the arteries leading to the brain, Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), Sarcoidosis, Family heredity, Certain medicines, such as lithium. […] A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #37 ArginineVasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/argininevasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus

  Argininevasopressin deficiency has several causes, including a brain tumor, a brain injury, brain surgery, tuberculosis, and some forms of other diseases. […] Other disorders that can cause central diabetes insipidus include accidental damage done during surgery on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a brain injury, particularly a fracture of the base of the skull, a tumor, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, an aneurysm (a bulge in the wall of an artery) in an artery leading to the brain, blockage in an artery leading to the brain, some forms of encephalitis, some forms of meningitis, and the rare disease Langerhans cell histiocytosis. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) is another type of diabetes insipidus in which there is an adequate amount of vasopressin, but abnormalities in the kidneys cause them not to respond to vasopressin.

• #38 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Neoplastic conditions – Central diabetes insipidus can result from primary or secondary brain malignancies that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary area; secondary tumors are typically caused by metastasis from lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma. […] Trauma – Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. […] Vascular disorders – Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan’s syndrome have been known to cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Inflammation/Infection – Central diabetes insipidus has been linked to sarcoid, histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, post-tuberculosis meningitis, HIV, COVID-19, post encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, abscess, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• #39 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Neoplastic conditions – Central diabetes insipidus can result from primary or secondary brain malignancies that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary area; secondary tumors are typically caused by metastasis from lung or breast cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma. […] Trauma – Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. […] Vascular disorders – Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan’s syndrome have been known to cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Inflammation/Infection – Central diabetes insipidus has been linked to sarcoid, histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, post-tuberculosis meningitis, HIV, COVID-19, post encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, abscess, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

• #40 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/diabetes-insipidus-pro

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by hyposecretion of, or insensitivity to the effects of, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as arginine vasopressin (AVP). […] There are two major forms of diabetes insipidus: Cranial DI: decreased secretion of ADH. Decreased secretion of ADH reduces the ability to concentrate urine and so causes polyuria and polydipsia. […] Nephrogenic DI: decreased ability to concentrate urine because of resistance to ADH in the kidney. […] This is usually due to disease of the hypothalamus or surrounding tissues. […] Acquired: Idiopathic. […] Tumours – craniopharyngioma, germinoma, hypothalamic metastases (especially breast carcinoma), hypothalamic glioma, large pituitary tumours with suprasellar extension, lymphoma. […] Infections – encephalitis, meningitis, cerebral abscess.

• #41

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] In diabetes insipidus, AVP fails to properly regulate your body’s level of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] The 3 most common causes of AVP-D are: a brain tumour that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, complications that occur during brain or pituitary surgery. […] No cause can be found for about a third of all cases of AVP-D. […] These cases, known as idiopathic, appear to be related to the immune system attacking the normal healthy cells producing AVP. […] Less common causes of AVP-D include: cancers that spread from another part of the body to the brain, Wolfram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that also causes vision loss, brain damage caused by a sudden loss of oxygen, which can occur during a stroke or drowning, infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, that can damage the brain.

• #42 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. There are two types of arginine vasopressin disorder, namely arginine vasopressin deficiency, AVP-D, (formerly known as central DI) and arginine vasopressin resistance, AVP-R (formerly known as nephrogenic DI), and each has congenital and acquired causes. Arginine vasopressin disorder is caused by a problem with vasopressin production in the pituitary gland (deficiency) or the action of vasopressin in the kidneys (resistance). […] Based on a literature review, idiopathic AVP-D is the most common cause of AVP-D. In a report of 79 participants, AVP-D was idiopathic in 52% of cases. Other cases were from a tumor or infiltrative disease in 38% of cases. Approximately 30% to 50% of cases of AVP-D are idiopathic. These are suggested to be associated with an autoimmune etiology in most patients. The autoimmune process is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the pituitary gland, specifically the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland.

• #43 Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23515-central-diabetes-insipidus-cdi

  Central diabetes insipidus results from a partial or complete deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin). This deficiency usually results from damage to your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or the tissue that connects them (pituitary stalk). Specific causes include: […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when your hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland aren’t working properly and aren’t releasing enough ADH. It’s usually caused by damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which can come from several conditions, such as a head injury, surgery, inflammation or tumors. […] In approximately one-third of CDI cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is known as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Researchers believe that some cases of idiopathic CDI may be caused by autoimmune factors. Autoimmune conditions happen when your body’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons. In this case, your immune system would produce antibodies or lymphocytes that attack cells that release ADH.

• #44

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] In diabetes insipidus, AVP fails to properly regulate your body’s level of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] The 3 most common causes of AVP-D are: a brain tumour that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, complications that occur during brain or pituitary surgery. […] No cause can be found for about a third of all cases of AVP-D. […] These cases, known as idiopathic, appear to be related to the immune system attacking the normal healthy cells producing AVP. […] Less common causes of AVP-D include: cancers that spread from another part of the body to the brain, Wolfram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that also causes vision loss, brain damage caused by a sudden loss of oxygen, which can occur during a stroke or drowning, infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, that can damage the brain.

• #45 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. There are two types of arginine vasopressin disorder, namely arginine vasopressin deficiency, AVP-D, (formerly known as central DI) and arginine vasopressin resistance, AVP-R (formerly known as nephrogenic DI), and each has congenital and acquired causes. Arginine vasopressin disorder is caused by a problem with vasopressin production in the pituitary gland (deficiency) or the action of vasopressin in the kidneys (resistance). […] Based on a literature review, idiopathic AVP-D is the most common cause of AVP-D. In a report of 79 participants, AVP-D was idiopathic in 52% of cases. Other cases were from a tumor or infiltrative disease in 38% of cases. Approximately 30% to 50% of cases of AVP-D are idiopathic. These are suggested to be associated with an autoimmune etiology in most patients. The autoimmune process is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the pituitary gland, specifically the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland.

• #46 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  DI is usually an acquired disorder, with central DI having different causes than does nephrogenic DI. In rare cases, central or nephrogenic DI may be an inherited disorder. […] Central DI has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic – 30%, Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary – 25%, Cranial surgery – 20%, Head trauma – 16%. […] Idiopathic central DI presumably develops when cells in the hypothalamus are damaged or destroyed. […] Increasingly, the role of inflammation and autoimmunity in DI is being recognized. […] Other causes of central DI include cancer, hypoxic encephalopathy, granulomatous disease, anorexia nervosa, and vascular lesions. […] In adults, nephrogenic DI most often develops as a result of lithium toxicity or hypercalcemia.

• #47 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arginine-vasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-postdiagnostic-evaluation

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #48 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-causes-of-central-diabetes-insipidus

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #49 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #50 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/diabetes-insipidus-pro

  Vascular disorders – haemorrhage/thrombosis, aneurysms, sickle cell disease, Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis). […] Inherited: Autosomal recessive combination of DI, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness (DIDMOAD) – Wolfram’s syndrome. […] Autosomal dominant mutations of vasopressin gene. […] Acquired nephrogenic DI: Idiopathic. […] Chronic kidney disease. […] Drugs – eg, ofloxacin, orlistat, lithium. […] Congenital/genetic nephrogenic DI: X-linked mutation in V2 ADH-receptor gene. […] Autosomal recessive defect in aquaporin 2 (AQP2) gene – water channel in distal renal tubule.

• #51 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #52 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-causes-of-central-diabetes-insipidus

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #53 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #54 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-causes-of-central-diabetes-insipidus

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #55 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #56 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-causes-of-central-diabetes-insipidus

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #57 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-causes-of-central-diabetes-insipidus

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #58 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #59 Diabetes insipidus: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000377.htm

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. […] DI occurs when your kidneys cannot concentrate the urine normally, and a large amount of dilute urine is excreted. […] The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. […] When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Central DI is rare. It can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of: Genetic problems, Head injury (common cause), Infection in the brain, Problem with the ADH-producing cells due to an autoimmune disease, Loss of blood supply to the pituitary gland, Surgery in the area of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus (most common cause), Tumors in or near the pituitary gland. […] Nephrogenic DI involves a defect in the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys do not respond to ADH. Nephrogenic DI may be caused by: Certain medicines, such as lithium, Genetic problems, High level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia), Kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease.

• #60 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Many familial and congenital diseases have been associated with AVP-D. These include familial forms of AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Traumatic injury to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary or neurosurgery with a transsphenoidal approach usually induces AVP-D. […] Primary or secondary (most often due to lung cancer, leukemia, or lymphoma) tumors in the brain can involve the hypothalamic-pituitary region and lead to AVP-D. […] Infiltrative disorders like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, autoimmune lymphocytic hypophysitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with AVP-D. […] AVP-R refers to a decrease in the urinary concentrating ability of the kidney that results from resistance to the action of antidiuretic hormone (AVP/ADH). The most common causes of AVP-R are hereditary nephrogenic DI in children; while in adults, chronic lithium ingestion, and hypercalcemia predominate. Acquired causes are often partially reversible with cessation of the offending drug or correction of hypercalcemia.

• #61 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a disorder in which a defect in the small tubes (tubules) in the kidneys causes a person to pass a large amount of urine and lose too much water. […] NDI occurs when the kidney tubules do not respond to a hormone in the body called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. ADH normally causes the kidneys to make the urine more concentrated. […] NDI is very rare. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is present at birth. It is a result of a defect passed down through families. […] Most commonly, NDI develops because of other reasons. This is called an acquired disorder. Factors that can trigger the acquired form of this condition include: Blockage in the urinary tract, High calcium levels, Low potassium levels, Use of certain drugs (lithium, demeclocycline, amphotericin B).

• #62

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Lithium is the most common cause of acquired AVP-R. […] Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP. […] Other causes of acquired AVP-R include: hypercalcaemia a condition where there’s too much calcium in the blood, hypokalemia a condition where there’s not enough potassium in the blood, pyelonephritis (kidney infection) where the kidneys are damaged by an infection, ureteral obstruction where 1 or both tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder become blocked by an object, such as a kidney stone, which damages the kidneys.

• #63 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Treatments and More

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems related to a hormone called antidiuretic hormone or ADH. ADH is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It’s stored in the pituitary gland. Release of ADH is triggered by fluid loss or dehydration. When it’s released, it causes the kidneys to retain water. This results in a decrease and concentration of urine. […] In infants, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is most commonly caused by an inherited genetic mutation present at birth. As a result, the receptor for ADH doesn’t function properly. […] In adults who develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, genetics aren’t the cause. Instead, medicines or electrolyte abnormalities cause the condition. Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in adults include: Lithium, a drug most commonly taken for bipolar disorder; up to 20% of people taking lithium will develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Other medicines, including demeclocycline (Declomycin), ofloxacin (Floxin), orlistat (alli, Xenical), and others. High levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia). Kidney disease, especially polycystic kidney disease.

• #64

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Lithium is the most common cause of acquired AVP-R. […] Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP. […] Other causes of acquired AVP-R include: hypercalcaemia a condition where there’s too much calcium in the blood, hypokalemia a condition where there’s not enough potassium in the blood, pyelonephritis (kidney infection) where the kidneys are damaged by an infection, ureteral obstruction where 1 or both tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder become blocked by an object, such as a kidney stone, which damages the kidneys.

• #65 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #66 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #67

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Lithium is the most common cause of acquired AVP-R. […] Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP. […] Other causes of acquired AVP-R include: hypercalcaemia a condition where there’s too much calcium in the blood, hypokalemia a condition where there’s not enough potassium in the blood, pyelonephritis (kidney infection) where the kidneys are damaged by an infection, ureteral obstruction where 1 or both tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder become blocked by an object, such as a kidney stone, which damages the kidneys.

• #68 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diabetes-Insipidus-Pathophysiology.aspx

  Blood vessel complications such as those during pregnancy where the blood supply to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland may be compromised. […] Stroke or sudden loss of oxygen to the brain (e.g. during anesthesia or drowning) may also result in diabetes insipidus. […] Familial or genetic causes resulting from mutation in the AQP2 gene that codes for the aquaporin-2 protein. This genetic mutation is has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. […] Metabolic causes such as high blood sugar, high blood calcium and low potassium. […] The use of drugs such as lithium used to treat bipolar disorder can decrease the expression of aquaporin-2. […] Diseases such as amyloidosis, obstructive uropathy, chronic kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease.

• #69

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Lithium is the most common cause of acquired AVP-R. […] Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP. […] Other causes of acquired AVP-R include: hypercalcaemia a condition where there’s too much calcium in the blood, hypokalemia a condition where there’s not enough potassium in the blood, pyelonephritis (kidney infection) where the kidneys are damaged by an infection, ureteral obstruction where 1 or both tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder become blocked by an object, such as a kidney stone, which damages the kidneys.

• #70 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  Other causes of acquired nephrogenic DI include hypokalemia, renal disease, pregnancy, and hyperglycemia. […] Hereditary nephrogenic DI is relatively rare. The most common inherited form results from mutations in the AVP receptor 2 gene (AVPR2) on chromosome Xq28. […] Approximately 1% of familial nephrogenic DI cases result from mutations in AQP2 (aquaporin 2), a gene on chromosome 12q13 that gives rise to a water channel that is expressed exclusively in the kidneys collecting ducts.

• #71 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is usually caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin that helps your kidneys balance the amount of fluid in your body. Problems with a part of your brain that controls thirst can also cause diabetes insipidus. Specific causes vary among the four types of diabetes insipidus: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. […] In central diabetes insipidus, your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone. Causes of central diabetes insipidus include damage to your hypothalamus or your pituitary gland from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, an autoimmune disorder, and an inherited gene mutation. […] In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, your body makes enough vasopressin but your kidneys don’t respond to the hormone as they should. Causes include some medicines, especially those used to treat bipolar disorder, low levels of potassium in your blood, high levels of calcium in your blood, a blocked urinary tract, an inherited gene mutation, and chronic kidney disease, though rarely.

• #72 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #73

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Lithium is the most common cause of acquired AVP-R. […] Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP. […] Other causes of acquired AVP-R include: hypercalcaemia a condition where there’s too much calcium in the blood, hypokalemia a condition where there’s not enough potassium in the blood, pyelonephritis (kidney infection) where the kidneys are damaged by an infection, ureteral obstruction where 1 or both tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder become blocked by an object, such as a kidney stone, which damages the kidneys.

• #74 Diabetes Insipidus in Animals – Endocrine System – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-pituitary-gland/diabetes-insipidus-in-animals

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus results when the kidneys do not adequately respond to ADH. […] Primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by a congenital lack of ADH receptors or poor receptor response in target cells in the kidney. […] Secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus arises from functional deficits resulting from treatment with certain drugs, as well as from various underlying disease conditions including electrolyte disturbances, endotoxemia, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperthyroidism in cats, leptospirosis in dogs, liver disease, and pyelonephritis which interfere with the normal interaction between ADH and renal tubular receptors.

• #75 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Treatments and More

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/nephrogenic-diabetes-insipidus-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems related to a hormone called antidiuretic hormone or ADH. ADH is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It’s stored in the pituitary gland. Release of ADH is triggered by fluid loss or dehydration. When it’s released, it causes the kidneys to retain water. This results in a decrease and concentration of urine. […] In infants, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is most commonly caused by an inherited genetic mutation present at birth. As a result, the receptor for ADH doesn’t function properly. […] In adults who develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, genetics aren’t the cause. Instead, medicines or electrolyte abnormalities cause the condition. Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in adults include: Lithium, a drug most commonly taken for bipolar disorder; up to 20% of people taking lithium will develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Other medicines, including demeclocycline (Declomycin), ofloxacin (Floxin), orlistat (alli, Xenical), and others. High levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia). Kidney disease, especially polycystic kidney disease.

• #76 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #77

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Lithium is the most common cause of acquired AVP-R. […] Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP. […] Other causes of acquired AVP-R include: hypercalcaemia a condition where there’s too much calcium in the blood, hypokalemia a condition where there’s not enough potassium in the blood, pyelonephritis (kidney infection) where the kidneys are damaged by an infection, ureteral obstruction where 1 or both tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder become blocked by an object, such as a kidney stone, which damages the kidneys.

• #78 Diabetes insipidus – nephrogenic Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/diabetes-insipidus-nephrogenic

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a disorder in which a defect in the small tubes (tubules) in the kidneys causes a person to pass a large amount of urine and lose too much water. […] NDI occurs when the kidney tubules do not respond to a hormone in the body called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin. […] NDI is very rare. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus means it is present at birth. It is a result of a genetic variant passed down through families. […] Most commonly, NDI develops because of other reasons. This is called an acquired disorder. Factors that can trigger the acquired form of this condition include: Blockage in the urinary tract, High blood calcium levels, Low blood potassium levels, Use of certain medicines (lithium, demeclocycline, amphotericin B).

• #79 What are the types, mechanisms and causes of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)? | The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine

  https://www.ficm.ac.uk/documents/what-are-the-types-mechanisms-and-causes-of-diabetes-insipidus-di

  1. Nephrogenic DI (NDI) – Mechanism: Insensitivity (Resistance) of the kidney to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Causes: Lithium toxicity, Hypercalcaemia, Hypokalaemia, Hypoproteinaemia, Post-obstructive Diuresis, Renal Transplantation, Amyloidosis, Multiple Myeloma, Sickle Cell Disease, Pyelonephritis, Congenital. […] 2. Cranial/central/hypothalamic/neurogenic DI (CDI) – Mechanism: Reduced or absent production of ADH. Causes: Brain Tumour, Head Injury, Neurosurgical, Hypoxic Brain Injury, CNS Infection […] 3. Gestational DI Increased placental vasopressinase production or as a variant of central or NDI developing during pregnancy.

• #80 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #81 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diabetes-Insipidus-Pathophysiology.aspx

  Blood vessel complications such as those during pregnancy where the blood supply to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland may be compromised. […] Stroke or sudden loss of oxygen to the brain (e.g. during anesthesia or drowning) may also result in diabetes insipidus. […] Familial or genetic causes resulting from mutation in the AQP2 gene that codes for the aquaporin-2 protein. This genetic mutation is has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. […] Metabolic causes such as high blood sugar, high blood calcium and low potassium. […] The use of drugs such as lithium used to treat bipolar disorder can decrease the expression of aquaporin-2. […] Diseases such as amyloidosis, obstructive uropathy, chronic kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease.

• #82 What are the types, mechanisms and causes of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)? | The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine

  https://www.ficm.ac.uk/documents/what-are-the-types-mechanisms-and-causes-of-diabetes-insipidus-di

  1. Nephrogenic DI (NDI) – Mechanism: Insensitivity (Resistance) of the kidney to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Causes: Lithium toxicity, Hypercalcaemia, Hypokalaemia, Hypoproteinaemia, Post-obstructive Diuresis, Renal Transplantation, Amyloidosis, Multiple Myeloma, Sickle Cell Disease, Pyelonephritis, Congenital. […] 2. Cranial/central/hypothalamic/neurogenic DI (CDI) – Mechanism: Reduced or absent production of ADH. Causes: Brain Tumour, Head Injury, Neurosurgical, Hypoxic Brain Injury, CNS Infection […] 3. Gestational DI Increased placental vasopressinase production or as a variant of central or NDI developing during pregnancy.

• #83 What are the types, mechanisms and causes of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)? | The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine

  https://www.ficm.ac.uk/documents/what-are-the-types-mechanisms-and-causes-of-diabetes-insipidus-di

  1. Nephrogenic DI (NDI) – Mechanism: Insensitivity (Resistance) of the kidney to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Causes: Lithium toxicity, Hypercalcaemia, Hypokalaemia, Hypoproteinaemia, Post-obstructive Diuresis, Renal Transplantation, Amyloidosis, Multiple Myeloma, Sickle Cell Disease, Pyelonephritis, Congenital. […] 2. Cranial/central/hypothalamic/neurogenic DI (CDI) – Mechanism: Reduced or absent production of ADH. Causes: Brain Tumour, Head Injury, Neurosurgical, Hypoxic Brain Injury, CNS Infection […] 3. Gestational DI Increased placental vasopressinase production or as a variant of central or NDI developing during pregnancy.

• #84 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/diabetes-insipidus-pro

  Vascular disorders – haemorrhage/thrombosis, aneurysms, sickle cell disease, Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis). […] Inherited: Autosomal recessive combination of DI, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness (DIDMOAD) – Wolfram’s syndrome. […] Autosomal dominant mutations of vasopressin gene. […] Acquired nephrogenic DI: Idiopathic. […] Chronic kidney disease. […] Drugs – eg, ofloxacin, orlistat, lithium. […] Congenital/genetic nephrogenic DI: X-linked mutation in V2 ADH-receptor gene. […] Autosomal recessive defect in aquaporin 2 (AQP2) gene – water channel in distal renal tubule.

• #85 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #86 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #87 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #88 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #89 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #90 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #91 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  Other causes of acquired nephrogenic DI include hypokalemia, renal disease, pregnancy, and hyperglycemia. […] Hereditary nephrogenic DI is relatively rare. The most common inherited form results from mutations in the AVP receptor 2 gene (AVPR2) on chromosome Xq28. […] Approximately 1% of familial nephrogenic DI cases result from mutations in AQP2 (aquaporin 2), a gene on chromosome 12q13 that gives rise to a water channel that is expressed exclusively in the kidneys collecting ducts.

• #92 Arginine vasopressin resistance: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginine-vasopressin-resistance/

  Arginine vasopressin resistance (previously called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) is a disorder of water balance. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance can be either acquired or familial. The acquired form can occur at any time during life. The familial form usually become apparent within the first year of life, though in some cases they develop in adolescence or early adulthood. […] The familial form of arginine vasopressin resistance can be caused by variants (also called mutations) in at least two genes that are active in the kidneys. About 90 percent of all cases of familial arginine vasopressin resistance are caused by variants in the AVPR2 gene. Most of the remaining 10 percent of cases are caused by variants in the AQP2 gene. […] The acquired form of arginine vasopressin resistance occurs when the brain is damaged due to head injuries, brain tumors, or other events. It can also be caused by chronic kidney disease, certain medications (such as lithium), low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia), high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), or an obstructed urinary tract.

• #93 Diabetes insipidus | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/diabetes-insipidus

  Central diabetes insipidus also can be caused by mutations in the genes encoding vasopressin and neurophysin (a protein synthesized by the hypothalamus) that result in decreased production of vasopressin. […] Another form of the disease is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which results when the supplies of vasopressin are adequate but the kidney tubules are unresponsive either genetically or because of an acquired condition. […] The most severe form of this disorder is congenital hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This condition is caused by mutations in a gene designated AVPR2 (arginine vasopressin receptor 2), which encodes a specific form of the vasopressin receptor, or by mutations in a gene known as AQP2 (aquaporin 2), which encodes a specific form of aquaporin. […] Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can occur in patients with electrolyte imbalances, such as high serum calcium concentrations or low serum potassium concentrations, in patients with kidney disease, and in patients taking lithium carbonate.

• #94 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  Other causes of acquired nephrogenic DI include hypokalemia, renal disease, pregnancy, and hyperglycemia. […] Hereditary nephrogenic DI is relatively rare. The most common inherited form results from mutations in the AVP receptor 2 gene (AVPR2) on chromosome Xq28. […] Approximately 1% of familial nephrogenic DI cases result from mutations in AQP2 (aquaporin 2), a gene on chromosome 12q13 that gives rise to a water channel that is expressed exclusively in the kidneys collecting ducts.

• #95 Arginine vasopressin resistance: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginine-vasopressin-resistance/

  Arginine vasopressin resistance (previously called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) is a disorder of water balance. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance can be either acquired or familial. The acquired form can occur at any time during life. The familial form usually become apparent within the first year of life, though in some cases they develop in adolescence or early adulthood. […] The familial form of arginine vasopressin resistance can be caused by variants (also called mutations) in at least two genes that are active in the kidneys. About 90 percent of all cases of familial arginine vasopressin resistance are caused by variants in the AVPR2 gene. Most of the remaining 10 percent of cases are caused by variants in the AQP2 gene. […] The acquired form of arginine vasopressin resistance occurs when the brain is damaged due to head injuries, brain tumors, or other events. It can also be caused by chronic kidney disease, certain medications (such as lithium), low levels of potassium in the blood (hypokalemia), high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia), or an obstructed urinary tract.

• #96 Diabetes insipidus | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/diabetes-insipidus

  Central diabetes insipidus also can be caused by mutations in the genes encoding vasopressin and neurophysin (a protein synthesized by the hypothalamus) that result in decreased production of vasopressin. […] Another form of the disease is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which results when the supplies of vasopressin are adequate but the kidney tubules are unresponsive either genetically or because of an acquired condition. […] The most severe form of this disorder is congenital hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This condition is caused by mutations in a gene designated AVPR2 (arginine vasopressin receptor 2), which encodes a specific form of the vasopressin receptor, or by mutations in a gene known as AQP2 (aquaporin 2), which encodes a specific form of aquaporin. […] Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can occur in patients with electrolyte imbalances, such as high serum calcium concentrations or low serum potassium concentrations, in patients with kidney disease, and in patients taking lithium carbonate.

• #97 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #98 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #99 What Is the Most Common Cause of Diabetes Insipidus?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/the_most_common_cause_of_diabetes_insipidus/article_em.htm

  Causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus include: Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Lithium toxicity due to treatment with chronic lithium therapy, High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), Low blood potassium (hypokalemia), Kidney disease, Certain drugs such as lithium, cidofovir, foscarnet, vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists, amphotericin B, demeclocycline, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, and didanosine, Pregnancy, Craniopharyngioma surgery, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Other inherited disorders such as nephronophthisis, cystinosis, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), and chronic hypokalemia.

• #100 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #101 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus can occur when any part of the system that regulates fluid in your body breaks down. Its closely associated with low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH levels affect how well your kidneys conserve water. […] Central diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. This damage means ADH cannot be produced, stored, or released normally. Without ADH, large amounts of fluid are released into the urine. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be genetic or acquired. Certain genetic mutations can damage the kidneys, leaving them unable to respond to ADH. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by dysfunction of the thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus. This dysfunction can cause you to feel excessively thirsty and drink too much liquid. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus can occur when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys a persons ADH. The placenta plays an important role in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the fetus and the parent.

• #102 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #103 Diabetes Insipidus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/hormones/diabetes-insipidus-leaflet

  Gestational diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive breakdown of ADH by an enzyme produced by the placenta. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus happens when people drink excessive amounts of fluids. […] This can be caused by: Damage to the hypothalamus (part of the brain) by a head injury, surgery, infections, or tumours. Mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

• #104 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #105 Diabetes Insipidus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/hormones/diabetes-insipidus-leaflet

  Gestational diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive breakdown of ADH by an enzyme produced by the placenta. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus happens when people drink excessive amounts of fluids. […] This can be caused by: Damage to the hypothalamus (part of the brain) by a head injury, surgery, infections, or tumours. Mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

• #106 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #107 Diabetes Insipidus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/hormones/diabetes-insipidus-leaflet

  Gestational diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive breakdown of ADH by an enzyme produced by the placenta. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus happens when people drink excessive amounts of fluids. […] This can be caused by: Damage to the hypothalamus (part of the brain) by a head injury, surgery, infections, or tumours. Mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

• #108 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #109 Diabetes Insipidus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/hormones/diabetes-insipidus-leaflet

  Gestational diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive breakdown of ADH by an enzyme produced by the placenta. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus happens when people drink excessive amounts of fluids. […] This can be caused by: Damage to the hypothalamus (part of the brain) by a head injury, surgery, infections, or tumours. Mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

• #110 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #111 Diabetes Insipidus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/hormones/diabetes-insipidus-leaflet

  Gestational diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive breakdown of ADH by an enzyme produced by the placenta. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus happens when people drink excessive amounts of fluids. […] This can be caused by: Damage to the hypothalamus (part of the brain) by a head injury, surgery, infections, or tumours. Mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

• #112 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/diabetes-insipidus/

  Certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder, for dipsogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Meanwhile gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that can affect pregnant people. It happens when the placenta produces too much of an enzyme that breaks down vasopressin. […] And about 30 to 50 percent of cases of diabetes insipidus are idiopathic, meaning they have no known cause, according to Boston Children’s Hospital.

• #113 Diabetes Insipidus: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/hormones/diabetes-insipidus-leaflet

  Gestational diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive breakdown of ADH by an enzyme produced by the placenta. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus happens when people drink excessive amounts of fluids. […] This can be caused by: Damage to the hypothalamus (part of the brain) by a head injury, surgery, infections, or tumours. Mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia.

• #114 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/diabetes-insipidus/

  Certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder, for dipsogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Meanwhile gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that can affect pregnant people. It happens when the placenta produces too much of an enzyme that breaks down vasopressin. […] And about 30 to 50 percent of cases of diabetes insipidus are idiopathic, meaning they have no known cause, according to Boston Children’s Hospital.

• #115 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #116 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #117 Diabetes Insipidus – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare disease of the kidneys that causes an imbalance of water in the body. […] The type of diabetes insipidus diagnosed will depend on the cause. […] Central diabetes insipidus is caused by a disruption in the normal production, storage, and/or release of vasopressin due to damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys do not respond normally to vasopressin. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect in the hypothalamus that disrupts the body’s thirst mechanism. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus only occurs during pregnancy. This type of DI can develop due to an enzyme that breaks down the vasopressin hormone. […] Treatment will depend on the type of DI diagnosed.

• #118 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #119 Diabetes insipidus: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183251

  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can have numerous causes, including: kidney cysts that have developed due to a number of conditions, the release of an outlet tube obstruction from a kidney, kidney infection, high blood calcium levels, some cancer types, certain medications, especially lithium, but also demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat, rarer conditions, including amyloidosis, Sjögren’s disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, chronic hypokalemic nephropathy, a kidney disease that develops due to low blood potassium levels. […] In rare cases, pregnancy can cause a disturbance of vasopressin, especially during the third trimester. This occurs due to the placenta releasing an enzyme that degrades vasopressin. […] This type results from an issue with the hypothalamus, which affects an individual’s sense of thirst, causing them to drink and urinate more often.

• #120 Diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic 30% (including autoimmune, genetic, and familial forms), Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary 25%, Cranial surgery 20%, Head trauma 16%. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to the inability of the kidney to respond normally to vasopressin. […] Dipsogenic DI or primary polydipsia results from excessive intake of fluids as opposed to deficiency of arginine vasopressin. It may be due to a defect or damage to the thirst mechanism, located in the hypothalamus, or due to mental illness. […] Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy, women produce vasopressinase in the placenta, which breaks down antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Gestational DI is thought to occur with excessive production and/or impaired clearance of vasopressinase. […] Diabetes insipidus is also associated with some serious diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. These cause DI by impairing hepatic clearance of circulating vasopressinase.

• #121 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus can occur when any part of the system that regulates fluid in your body breaks down. Its closely associated with low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH levels affect how well your kidneys conserve water. […] Central diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. This damage means ADH cannot be produced, stored, or released normally. Without ADH, large amounts of fluid are released into the urine. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be genetic or acquired. Certain genetic mutations can damage the kidneys, leaving them unable to respond to ADH. […] Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by dysfunction of the thirst mechanism in the hypothalamus. This dysfunction can cause you to feel excessively thirsty and drink too much liquid. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus can occur when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys a persons ADH. The placenta plays an important role in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the fetus and the parent.

• #122 Diabetes Insipidus Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Kidney Care | Dallas Renal Group

  https://dallasrenalgroup.com/patients/diabetes-diseases-and-conditions/

  In some cases, an enzyme made by the placentaa temporary organ joining mother and babybreaks down the mothers vasopressin. […] In other cases, pregnant women produce more prostaglandin, a hormone-like chemical that reduces kidney sensitivity to vasopressin. […] The causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can also be unknown.

• #123 Understanding Diabetes Insipidus – Causes, Types, and Treatment | Kauvery Hospital

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/family-and-general-medicine/diabetes-insipidus-causes-and-treatment/

  Possible causes include: Genetic mutations that are either inherited or acquired, Drugs such as tetracycline or those that contain lithium, A blockage anywhere in the urinary tract, Electrolyte imbalances in the blood, such as hypercalcemia (too much calcium), or hypokalemia (inadequate potassium), Chronic kidney disease. […] Causes for this include: Certain medications, Mental or neurological conditions. […] Prominent causes of Gestational DI include: Certain enzymes secreted by the placenta destroy ADH or impair its function completely, There is an increased production of prostaglandin in some pregnant women. This can make the kidney resistant or immune to the action of ADH.

• #124 Diabetes Insipidus – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/diabetes-insipidus.htm

  Similar to central diabetes insipidus, the cause of dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is located in the higher centers of the thirst mechanism, in the hypothalamus. Any damage to the thirst mechanism adds to the reduced vasopressin secretion and increased urine output. […] Diabetes insipidus that occurs during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes insipidus. During pregnancy, the placenta (a temporary connecting organ between the mother and baby) produces an enzyme that breaks down the mother’s vasopressin and contributes to the condition. Other causes like increased prostaglandin in pregnancy, a hormone-like chemical that reduces kidney sensitivity to vasopressin contribute to gestational diabetes insipidus. The condition gradually disappears after the pregnancy.

• #125 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #126 Diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic 30% (including autoimmune, genetic, and familial forms), Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary 25%, Cranial surgery 20%, Head trauma 16%. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to the inability of the kidney to respond normally to vasopressin. […] Dipsogenic DI or primary polydipsia results from excessive intake of fluids as opposed to deficiency of arginine vasopressin. It may be due to a defect or damage to the thirst mechanism, located in the hypothalamus, or due to mental illness. […] Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy, women produce vasopressinase in the placenta, which breaks down antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Gestational DI is thought to occur with excessive production and/or impaired clearance of vasopressinase. […] Diabetes insipidus is also associated with some serious diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. These cause DI by impairing hepatic clearance of circulating vasopressinase.

• #127 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #128 Diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic 30% (including autoimmune, genetic, and familial forms), Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary 25%, Cranial surgery 20%, Head trauma 16%. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to the inability of the kidney to respond normally to vasopressin. […] Dipsogenic DI or primary polydipsia results from excessive intake of fluids as opposed to deficiency of arginine vasopressin. It may be due to a defect or damage to the thirst mechanism, located in the hypothalamus, or due to mental illness. […] Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy, women produce vasopressinase in the placenta, which breaks down antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Gestational DI is thought to occur with excessive production and/or impaired clearance of vasopressinase. […] Diabetes insipidus is also associated with some serious diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. These cause DI by impairing hepatic clearance of circulating vasopressinase.

• #129 Diabetes Insipidus – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/diabetes-insipidus

  In this type of diabetes insipidus, a problem with your hypothalamus causes you to feel thirsty and drink more liquids. Causes include damage to your hypothalamus from surgery, infection, inflammation, a tumor, or a head injury, and some medicines or mental health problems. […] Gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare, temporary condition that can develop during pregnancy. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the mother’s placenta makes too much of an enzyme that breaks down her vasopressin. Women who are pregnant with more than one baby are more likely to develop the condition because they have more placental tissue. Because the liver plays a role in curbing the enzyme that breaks down vasopressin, diseases and conditions that affect liver function also increase risk. Examples include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

• #130 Diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic 30% (including autoimmune, genetic, and familial forms), Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary 25%, Cranial surgery 20%, Head trauma 16%. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to the inability of the kidney to respond normally to vasopressin. […] Dipsogenic DI or primary polydipsia results from excessive intake of fluids as opposed to deficiency of arginine vasopressin. It may be due to a defect or damage to the thirst mechanism, located in the hypothalamus, or due to mental illness. […] Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy, women produce vasopressinase in the placenta, which breaks down antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Gestational DI is thought to occur with excessive production and/or impaired clearance of vasopressinase. […] Diabetes insipidus is also associated with some serious diseases of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. These cause DI by impairing hepatic clearance of circulating vasopressinase.

• #131 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #132 Diabetes Insipidus

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/diabetes-insipidus-1

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare condition in which there is a problem with a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] There are several types of DI. Central DI occurs when there is damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland from surgery, a tumor, head injury, or illness. This affects the production, storage, or release of ADH. An inherited autoimmune condition can cause the immune system to damage the cells that make ADH. Nephrogenic DI is when the kidneys do not respond to ADH appropriately. This can be inherited or the result of medications such as lithium, low potassium levels, high calcium levels, blocked urinary tract or urinary tract infections, or chronic kidney conditions. Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy where an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH. […] Risk factors for DI include a family history of DI, brain surgery, major head trauma, medications that cause kidney problems, such as diuretics or those for bipolar disorder, or metabolic disorders.

• #133 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #134 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/diabetes-insipidus/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by the body’s inability to make or use vasopressin, which helps your kidneys balance the amount of fluid you’re carrying in your body, Peterson says. […] According to Dr. Wardlaw, the most common causes of diabetes insipidus include: Damage to your hypothalamus or your pituitary gland from surgery, a major head injury, or skull fracture […] Tumors that affect the hypothalamus or pituitary gland […] An autoimmune reaction that causes your immune system to damage healthy cells that produce vasopressin […] An inherited gene mutation in the hereditary form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, there are at least two gene mutations, for example […] Certain medications, such as lithium and tetracycline […] Low levels of potassium in the blood […] High levels of calcium in the blood

• #135 Diabetes Insipidus in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/diabetes-insipidus-in-children

  A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] The diabetes insipidus has 4 types: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. Each type acts differently, and each has different causes. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #136 Diabetes Insipidus | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by not enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. […] Typical causes include injury to the brain, tumor, and rare genetic disorders. […] With this type, not enough ADH is made or secreted. […] This is most often because of medicines or chronic disorders. […] This occurs only during pregnancy and usually goes away after your baby is born. […] Diabetes insipidus can be caused by conditions, such as: A hypothalamus gland that doesnt make enough ADH, A pituitary gland that doesnt release enough ADH into the blood, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery or radiation therapy, Brain injury, Brain tumor, Tuberculosis, Blockage in the arteries leading to the brain, Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), Sarcoidosis, Family heredity, Certain medicines, such as lithium. […] A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #137 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #138 Diabetes Insipidus in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/diabetes-insipidus-in-children

  A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] The diabetes insipidus has 4 types: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. Each type acts differently, and each has different causes. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #139 Diabetes Insipidus in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/diabetes-insipidus-in-children

  A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] The diabetes insipidus has 4 types: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. Each type acts differently, and each has different causes. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #140 Diabetes Insipidus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when the kidneys release a large amount of fluid through the urine. […] Approximately 1 in 30,000 children has diabetes insipidus. These children either dont have enough of the hormone vasopressin or their kidneys do not respond to it. As a result, too much water is released into their urine. […] Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by several conditions, including: Tumor, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery, Too little vasopressin produced by hypothalamus, Failure of the pituitary gland to release vasopressin into the bloodstream, Brain injury, Family heredity. […] About 30 to 50 percent of cases of diabetes insipidus are idiopathic, meaning they have no known cause.

• #141 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #142 Diabetes Insipidus

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/diabetes-insipidus-1

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare condition in which there is a problem with a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] There are several types of DI. Central DI occurs when there is damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland from surgery, a tumor, head injury, or illness. This affects the production, storage, or release of ADH. An inherited autoimmune condition can cause the immune system to damage the cells that make ADH. Nephrogenic DI is when the kidneys do not respond to ADH appropriately. This can be inherited or the result of medications such as lithium, low potassium levels, high calcium levels, blocked urinary tract or urinary tract infections, or chronic kidney conditions. Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy where an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH. […] Risk factors for DI include a family history of DI, brain surgery, major head trauma, medications that cause kidney problems, such as diuretics or those for bipolar disorder, or metabolic disorders.

• #143 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #144 Diabetes Insipidus

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/diabetes-insipidus-1

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare condition in which there is a problem with a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] There are several types of DI. Central DI occurs when there is damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland from surgery, a tumor, head injury, or illness. This affects the production, storage, or release of ADH. An inherited autoimmune condition can cause the immune system to damage the cells that make ADH. Nephrogenic DI is when the kidneys do not respond to ADH appropriately. This can be inherited or the result of medications such as lithium, low potassium levels, high calcium levels, blocked urinary tract or urinary tract infections, or chronic kidney conditions. Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy where an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH. […] Risk factors for DI include a family history of DI, brain surgery, major head trauma, medications that cause kidney problems, such as diuretics or those for bipolar disorder, or metabolic disorders.

• #145 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #146 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/diabetes-insipidus/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by the body’s inability to make or use vasopressin, which helps your kidneys balance the amount of fluid you’re carrying in your body, Peterson says. […] According to Dr. Wardlaw, the most common causes of diabetes insipidus include: Damage to your hypothalamus or your pituitary gland from surgery, a major head injury, or skull fracture […] Tumors that affect the hypothalamus or pituitary gland […] An autoimmune reaction that causes your immune system to damage healthy cells that produce vasopressin […] An inherited gene mutation in the hereditary form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, there are at least two gene mutations, for example […] Certain medications, such as lithium and tetracycline […] Low levels of potassium in the blood […] High levels of calcium in the blood

• #147 Diabetes Insipidus (DI): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  When your body doesn’t make enough vasopressin, the condition is called central diabetes insipidus. […] If you make enough vasopressin, but your kidneys don’t respond to it the way they should, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Factors that raise your chances of having diabetes insipidus are: Genetics. Changes in the genes that you inherit from your parents can make you more likely to get diabetes insipidus. […] Certain medications, such as diuretics, can cause kidney problems and trouble making the right amount of urine. […] Conditions that cause high levels of calcium or low levels of potassium in your blood may lead to this condition. […] Changes in your brain from surgery or an injury may raise your risk. […] A deficiency of the vasopressin hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH, causes diabetes insipidus.

• #148 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/diabetes-insipidus/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by the body’s inability to make or use vasopressin, which helps your kidneys balance the amount of fluid you’re carrying in your body, Peterson says. […] According to Dr. Wardlaw, the most common causes of diabetes insipidus include: Damage to your hypothalamus or your pituitary gland from surgery, a major head injury, or skull fracture […] Tumors that affect the hypothalamus or pituitary gland […] An autoimmune reaction that causes your immune system to damage healthy cells that produce vasopressin […] An inherited gene mutation in the hereditary form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, there are at least two gene mutations, for example […] Certain medications, such as lithium and tetracycline […] Low levels of potassium in the blood […] High levels of calcium in the blood

• #149 Diabetes Insipidus | Loma Linda University Children’s Health

  https://lluch.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition caused by not enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body. […] Typical causes include injury to the brain, tumor, and rare genetic disorders. […] With this type, not enough ADH is made or secreted. […] This is most often because of medicines or chronic disorders. […] This occurs only during pregnancy and usually goes away after your baby is born. […] Diabetes insipidus can be caused by conditions, such as: A hypothalamus gland that doesnt make enough ADH, A pituitary gland that doesnt release enough ADH into the blood, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery or radiation therapy, Brain injury, Brain tumor, Tuberculosis, Blockage in the arteries leading to the brain, Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), Sarcoidosis, Family heredity, Certain medicines, such as lithium. […] A child is more likely to get diabetes insipidus if they have a head injury, brain surgery, a brain tumor, kidney disease, or use certain medicines, such as lithium. […] If left untreated, diabetes insipidus can lead to problems in a child, such as brain damage, excess of sodium, and poor growth.

• #150 Diabetes Insipidus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when the kidneys release a large amount of fluid through the urine. […] Approximately 1 in 30,000 children has diabetes insipidus. These children either dont have enough of the hormone vasopressin or their kidneys do not respond to it. As a result, too much water is released into their urine. […] Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by several conditions, including: Tumor, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery, Too little vasopressin produced by hypothalamus, Failure of the pituitary gland to release vasopressin into the bloodstream, Brain injury, Family heredity. […] About 30 to 50 percent of cases of diabetes insipidus are idiopathic, meaning they have no known cause.

• #151 Diabetes Insipidus: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/diabetes-insipidus/

  Certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder, for dipsogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Meanwhile gestational diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that can affect pregnant people. It happens when the placenta produces too much of an enzyme that breaks down vasopressin. […] And about 30 to 50 percent of cases of diabetes insipidus are idiopathic, meaning they have no known cause, according to Boston Children’s Hospital.

• #152 ArginineVasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/argininevasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus

  Argininevasopressin deficiency has several causes, including a brain tumor, a brain injury, brain surgery, tuberculosis, and some forms of other diseases. […] Other disorders that can cause central diabetes insipidus include accidental damage done during surgery on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a brain injury, particularly a fracture of the base of the skull, a tumor, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, an aneurysm (a bulge in the wall of an artery) in an artery leading to the brain, blockage in an artery leading to the brain, some forms of encephalitis, some forms of meningitis, and the rare disease Langerhans cell histiocytosis. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) is another type of diabetes insipidus in which there is an adequate amount of vasopressin, but abnormalities in the kidneys cause them not to respond to vasopressin.

• #153

  https://healthmatch.io/diabetes/what-is-diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disorder affecting the kidneys. The condition inhibits the body’s ability to produce enough antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is responsible for keeping the body’s urine production in check. […] Experts believe the primary cause of diabetes insipidus is a damaged or non-functional ADH. […] In diabetes insipidus, ADH fails to keep your body’s water level in check. This inevitably leads to your body producing too much urine than what’s considered normal. […] However, a failing ADH is not the sole cause of diabetes insipidus. Problems with a part of your brain that controls thirst can also trigger DI. Specific causes vary among the four types of diabetes: central, gestational, dipsogenic, and nephrogenic. […] Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can either be acquired or hereditary. The hereditary form manifests as a result of genetic mutation, and its signs usually appear within the first few months of life. The acquired form can result from one or any of the following medications and chronic diseases: […] In extremely rare circumstances, diabetes insipidus may result from an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to damage the cells that make ADH.

• #154 Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23515-central-diabetes-insipidus-cdi

  Central diabetes insipidus results from a partial or complete deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin). This deficiency usually results from damage to your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or the tissue that connects them (pituitary stalk). Specific causes include: […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when your hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland aren’t working properly and aren’t releasing enough ADH. It’s usually caused by damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which can come from several conditions, such as a head injury, surgery, inflammation or tumors. […] In approximately one-third of CDI cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is known as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Researchers believe that some cases of idiopathic CDI may be caused by autoimmune factors. Autoimmune conditions happen when your body’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons. In this case, your immune system would produce antibodies or lymphocytes that attack cells that release ADH.

• #155 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  DI is usually an acquired disorder, with central DI having different causes than does nephrogenic DI. In rare cases, central or nephrogenic DI may be an inherited disorder. […] Central DI has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic – 30%, Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary – 25%, Cranial surgery – 20%, Head trauma – 16%. […] Idiopathic central DI presumably develops when cells in the hypothalamus are damaged or destroyed. […] Increasingly, the role of inflammation and autoimmunity in DI is being recognized. […] Other causes of central DI include cancer, hypoxic encephalopathy, granulomatous disease, anorexia nervosa, and vascular lesions. […] In adults, nephrogenic DI most often develops as a result of lithium toxicity or hypercalcemia.

• #156 Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23515-central-diabetes-insipidus-cdi

  Central diabetes insipidus results from a partial or complete deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin). This deficiency usually results from damage to your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or the tissue that connects them (pituitary stalk). Specific causes include: […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when your hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland aren’t working properly and aren’t releasing enough ADH. It’s usually caused by damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which can come from several conditions, such as a head injury, surgery, inflammation or tumors. […] In approximately one-third of CDI cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is known as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Researchers believe that some cases of idiopathic CDI may be caused by autoimmune factors. Autoimmune conditions happen when your body’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons. In this case, your immune system would produce antibodies or lymphocytes that attack cells that release ADH.

• #157 Diabetes Insipidus | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when the kidneys release a large amount of fluid through the urine. […] Approximately 1 in 30,000 children has diabetes insipidus. These children either dont have enough of the hormone vasopressin or their kidneys do not respond to it. As a result, too much water is released into their urine. […] Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be caused by several conditions, including: Tumor, Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland during surgery, Too little vasopressin produced by hypothalamus, Failure of the pituitary gland to release vasopressin into the bloodstream, Brain injury, Family heredity. […] About 30 to 50 percent of cases of diabetes insipidus are idiopathic, meaning they have no known cause.

• #158

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] In diabetes insipidus, AVP fails to properly regulate your body’s level of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] The 3 most common causes of AVP-D are: a brain tumour that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, complications that occur during brain or pituitary surgery. […] No cause can be found for about a third of all cases of AVP-D. […] These cases, known as idiopathic, appear to be related to the immune system attacking the normal healthy cells producing AVP. […] Less common causes of AVP-D include: cancers that spread from another part of the body to the brain, Wolfram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that also causes vision loss, brain damage caused by a sudden loss of oxygen, which can occur during a stroke or drowning, infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, that can damage the brain.

• #159 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. There are two types of arginine vasopressin disorder, namely arginine vasopressin deficiency, AVP-D, (formerly known as central DI) and arginine vasopressin resistance, AVP-R (formerly known as nephrogenic DI), and each has congenital and acquired causes. Arginine vasopressin disorder is caused by a problem with vasopressin production in the pituitary gland (deficiency) or the action of vasopressin in the kidneys (resistance). […] Based on a literature review, idiopathic AVP-D is the most common cause of AVP-D. In a report of 79 participants, AVP-D was idiopathic in 52% of cases. Other cases were from a tumor or infiltrative disease in 38% of cases. Approximately 30% to 50% of cases of AVP-D are idiopathic. These are suggested to be associated with an autoimmune etiology in most patients. The autoimmune process is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the pituitary gland, specifically the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland.

• #160 Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23515-central-diabetes-insipidus-cdi

  Central diabetes insipidus results from a partial or complete deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin). This deficiency usually results from damage to your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or the tissue that connects them (pituitary stalk). Specific causes include: […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when your hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland aren’t working properly and aren’t releasing enough ADH. It’s usually caused by damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which can come from several conditions, such as a head injury, surgery, inflammation or tumors. […] In approximately one-third of CDI cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is known as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Researchers believe that some cases of idiopathic CDI may be caused by autoimmune factors. Autoimmune conditions happen when your body’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons. In this case, your immune system would produce antibodies or lymphocytes that attack cells that release ADH.

• #161 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  DI is usually an acquired disorder, with central DI having different causes than does nephrogenic DI. In rare cases, central or nephrogenic DI may be an inherited disorder. […] Central DI has many possible causes. According to the literature, the principal causes of central DI and their oft-cited approximate frequencies are as follows: Idiopathic – 30%, Malignant or benign tumors of the brain or pituitary – 25%, Cranial surgery – 20%, Head trauma – 16%. […] Idiopathic central DI presumably develops when cells in the hypothalamus are damaged or destroyed. […] Increasingly, the role of inflammation and autoimmunity in DI is being recognized. […] Other causes of central DI include cancer, hypoxic encephalopathy, granulomatous disease, anorexia nervosa, and vascular lesions. […] In adults, nephrogenic DI most often develops as a result of lithium toxicity or hypercalcemia.

• #162 Central diabetes insipidus – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_diabetes_insipidus

  Autoimmune – It is thought that the degeneration of the hormone-secreting cells in the hypothalamus nuclei accounts for between 30 and 50 percent of nontraumatic central diabetes insipidus cases. […] Pregnancy can cause central diabetes insipidus due to vasopressinase enzyme. […] Central diabetes insipidus is linked to several congenital and familial disorders. These include congenital hypopituitarism, septo-optic dysplasia, familial arginine vasopressin deficiency, Wolfram syndrome, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency.

• #163 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. There are two types of arginine vasopressin disorder, namely arginine vasopressin deficiency, AVP-D, (formerly known as central DI) and arginine vasopressin resistance, AVP-R (formerly known as nephrogenic DI), and each has congenital and acquired causes. Arginine vasopressin disorder is caused by a problem with vasopressin production in the pituitary gland (deficiency) or the action of vasopressin in the kidneys (resistance). […] Based on a literature review, idiopathic AVP-D is the most common cause of AVP-D. In a report of 79 participants, AVP-D was idiopathic in 52% of cases. Other cases were from a tumor or infiltrative disease in 38% of cases. Approximately 30% to 50% of cases of AVP-D are idiopathic. These are suggested to be associated with an autoimmune etiology in most patients. The autoimmune process is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the pituitary gland, specifically the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland.

• #164 Central Diabetes Insipidus (CDI): Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23515-central-diabetes-insipidus-cdi

  Central diabetes insipidus results from a partial or complete deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin). This deficiency usually results from damage to your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or the tissue that connects them (pituitary stalk). Specific causes include: […] Central diabetes insipidus happens when your hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland aren’t working properly and aren’t releasing enough ADH. It’s usually caused by damage to your hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which can come from several conditions, such as a head injury, surgery, inflammation or tumors. […] In approximately one-third of CDI cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is known as idiopathic central diabetes insipidus. Researchers believe that some cases of idiopathic CDI may be caused by autoimmune factors. Autoimmune conditions happen when your body’s immune system begins to attack healthy tissue for unknown reasons. In this case, your immune system would produce antibodies or lymphocytes that attack cells that release ADH.

• #165 Diabetes Insipidus Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Idiopathic instances like these seem to be caused by the immune system targeting the typical, healthy cells that make AVP (Arginine Vasopressin hormone). What triggers the immune system to act in this manner is unknown. […] Diabetes insipidus during pregnancy is uncommon. It happens when an enzyme produced by the placenta reduces ADH in the mother’s body during pregnancy.

• #166

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] In diabetes insipidus, AVP fails to properly regulate your body’s level of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] The 3 most common causes of AVP-D are: a brain tumour that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, complications that occur during brain or pituitary surgery. […] No cause can be found for about a third of all cases of AVP-D. […] These cases, known as idiopathic, appear to be related to the immune system attacking the normal healthy cells producing AVP. […] Less common causes of AVP-D include: cancers that spread from another part of the body to the brain, Wolfram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that also causes vision loss, brain damage caused by a sudden loss of oxygen, which can occur during a stroke or drowning, infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, that can damage the brain.

• #167 Diabetes Insipidus Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment – Cura4U

  https://cura4u.com/conditions/diabetes-insipidus

  Idiopathic instances like these seem to be caused by the immune system targeting the typical, healthy cells that make AVP (Arginine Vasopressin hormone). What triggers the immune system to act in this manner is unknown. […] Diabetes insipidus during pregnancy is uncommon. It happens when an enzyme produced by the placenta reduces ADH in the mother’s body during pregnancy.

• #168 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #169 Diabetes insipidus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes-insipidus/symptoms-causes/syc-20351269

  Diabetes insipidus happens when the body can’t balance its fluid levels in a healthy way. […] The cause of the fluid imbalance depends on the type of diabetes insipidus. […] Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery, a tumor, a head injury or an illness can cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Conditions that cause the brain to make too little ADH or disorders that block the effect of ADH cause the body to make too much urine. […] This happens when there’s a problem with the kidneys that makes them unable to properly respond to ADH. […] This rare form of diabetes insipidus only happens during pregnancy. […] People who have this disorder constantly feel thirsty and drink lots of fluids. […] Sometimes no clear cause of diabetes insipidus can be found.

• #170

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-insipidus/causes/

  Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a chemical called arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] In diabetes insipidus, AVP fails to properly regulate your body’s level of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] The 3 most common causes of AVP-D are: a brain tumour that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, complications that occur during brain or pituitary surgery. […] No cause can be found for about a third of all cases of AVP-D. […] These cases, known as idiopathic, appear to be related to the immune system attacking the normal healthy cells producing AVP. […] Less common causes of AVP-D include: cancers that spread from another part of the body to the brain, Wolfram syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that also causes vision loss, brain damage caused by a sudden loss of oxygen, which can occur during a stroke or drowning, infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, that can damage the brain.

• #171 Diabetes Insipidus | Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/diabetes-insipidus-06-02-2009/

  Diabetes insipidis is caused by a hormone known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is also sometimes called vasopressin. […] The function of ADH is to regulate the levels of water in your body by controlling the amount of urine that your kidneys produce. When the levels of water in your body become low, your pituitary gland releases ADH in order to conserve water and stop the production of urine. […] However, if you have diabetes insipidus, ADH fails to properly regulate your body’s levels of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] Cranial diabetes insipidus occurs when there is not enough ADH in the body to regulate the amount of urine that is produced. […] This type of diabetes insipidus is more common than nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus, or pituitary gland, such as through an infection, operation, or head injury.

• #172 Diabetes Insipidus in Animals – Endocrine System – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-pituitary-gland/diabetes-insipidus-in-animals

  Diabetes insipidus is due to a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or an inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH. […] Diabetes insipidus is an endocrine disorder arising from a lack of either production of, or response to, arginine vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] Central diabetes insipidus results from decreased secretion of ADH, which is produced by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland. […] The hypophyseal form of central diabetes insipidus develops as a result of compression and destruction of the pituitary pars nervosa, infundibular stalk, or supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus. […] Additional causes of central diabetes insipidus include parasite migration, local infection, and surgery affecting the hypophysis.

• #173 Diabetes Insipidus | Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/archive/diabetes-insipidus-06-02-2009/

  Diabetes insipidis is caused by a hormone known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is also sometimes called vasopressin. […] The function of ADH is to regulate the levels of water in your body by controlling the amount of urine that your kidneys produce. When the levels of water in your body become low, your pituitary gland releases ADH in order to conserve water and stop the production of urine. […] However, if you have diabetes insipidus, ADH fails to properly regulate your body’s levels of water, and allows too much urine to be produced and passed from your body. […] Cranial diabetes insipidus occurs when there is not enough ADH in the body to regulate the amount of urine that is produced. […] This type of diabetes insipidus is more common than nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus, or pituitary gland, such as through an infection, operation, or head injury.

• #174 Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): Etiology, clinical manifestations, and postdiagnostic evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arginine-vasopressin-deficiency-central-diabetes-insipidus-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-postdiagnostic-evaluation

  AVP-D may also result from osmoreceptor dysfunction. […] AVP-D has been reported in a variety of neurovascular disorders. […] Infection is a rare cause of AVP-D. […] Several familial and congenital diseases are associated with AVP-D. These include familial AVP-D, Wolfram syndrome, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) gene deficiency, and congenital diseases such as congenital hypopituitarism and septo-optic dysplasia. […] Familial AVP-D, also called familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, or FNDI (MIM 125700), is usually an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding AVP. […] AVP-D can occur in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I, which results from a mutation of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE).

• #175 Diabetes insipidus | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/diabetes-insipidus

  Central diabetes insipidus also can be caused by mutations in the genes encoding vasopressin and neurophysin (a protein synthesized by the hypothalamus) that result in decreased production of vasopressin. […] Another form of the disease is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which results when the supplies of vasopressin are adequate but the kidney tubules are unresponsive either genetically or because of an acquired condition. […] The most severe form of this disorder is congenital hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This condition is caused by mutations in a gene designated AVPR2 (arginine vasopressin receptor 2), which encodes a specific form of the vasopressin receptor, or by mutations in a gene known as AQP2 (aquaporin 2), which encodes a specific form of aquaporin. […] Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can occur in patients with electrolyte imbalances, such as high serum calcium concentrations or low serum potassium concentrations, in patients with kidney disease, and in patients taking lithium carbonate.

• #176 Diabetes Insipidus: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/117648-overview

  Other causes of acquired nephrogenic DI include hypokalemia, renal disease, pregnancy, and hyperglycemia. […] Hereditary nephrogenic DI is relatively rare. The most common inherited form results from mutations in the AVP receptor 2 gene (AVPR2) on chromosome Xq28. […] Approximately 1% of familial nephrogenic DI cases result from mutations in AQP2 (aquaporin 2), a gene on chromosome 12q13 that gives rise to a water channel that is expressed exclusively in the kidneys collecting ducts.

• #177 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #178 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. There are two types of arginine vasopressin disorder, namely arginine vasopressin deficiency, AVP-D, (formerly known as central DI) and arginine vasopressin resistance, AVP-R (formerly known as nephrogenic DI), and each has congenital and acquired causes. Arginine vasopressin disorder is caused by a problem with vasopressin production in the pituitary gland (deficiency) or the action of vasopressin in the kidneys (resistance). […] Based on a literature review, idiopathic AVP-D is the most common cause of AVP-D. In a report of 79 participants, AVP-D was idiopathic in 52% of cases. Other cases were from a tumor or infiltrative disease in 38% of cases. Approximately 30% to 50% of cases of AVP-D are idiopathic. These are suggested to be associated with an autoimmune etiology in most patients. The autoimmune process is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the pituitary gland, specifically the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland.

• #179 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #180 Diabetes insipidus: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000377.htm

  Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. […] DI occurs when your kidneys cannot concentrate the urine normally, and a large amount of dilute urine is excreted. […] The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). […] DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. […] When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. […] Central DI is rare. It can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of: Genetic problems, Head injury (common cause), Infection in the brain, Problem with the ADH-producing cells due to an autoimmune disease, Loss of blood supply to the pituitary gland, Surgery in the area of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus (most common cause), Tumors in or near the pituitary gland. […] Nephrogenic DI involves a defect in the kidneys. As a result, the kidneys do not respond to ADH. Nephrogenic DI may be caused by: Certain medicines, such as lithium, Genetic problems, High level of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia), Kidney disease, such as polycystic kidney disease.

• #181 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #182 Arginine Vasopressin Disorder (Diabetes Insipidus) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470458/

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus (DI), is a disease process that results in either decreased release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin or AVP) or reduced response to ADH, causing electrolyte imbalances. There are two types of arginine vasopressin disorder, namely arginine vasopressin deficiency, AVP-D, (formerly known as central DI) and arginine vasopressin resistance, AVP-R (formerly known as nephrogenic DI), and each has congenital and acquired causes. Arginine vasopressin disorder is caused by a problem with vasopressin production in the pituitary gland (deficiency) or the action of vasopressin in the kidneys (resistance). […] Based on a literature review, idiopathic AVP-D is the most common cause of AVP-D. In a report of 79 participants, AVP-D was idiopathic in 52% of cases. Other cases were from a tumor or infiltrative disease in 38% of cases. Approximately 30% to 50% of cases of AVP-D are idiopathic. These are suggested to be associated with an autoimmune etiology in most patients. The autoimmune process is characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the pituitary gland, specifically the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary gland.

• #183 Diabetes Insipidus – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/diabetes-insipidus.htm

  Similar to central diabetes insipidus, the cause of dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is located in the higher centers of the thirst mechanism, in the hypothalamus. Any damage to the thirst mechanism adds to the reduced vasopressin secretion and increased urine output. […] Diabetes insipidus that occurs during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes insipidus. During pregnancy, the placenta (a temporary connecting organ between the mother and baby) produces an enzyme that breaks down the mother’s vasopressin and contributes to the condition. Other causes like increased prostaglandin in pregnancy, a hormone-like chemical that reduces kidney sensitivity to vasopressin contribute to gestational diabetes insipidus. The condition gradually disappears after the pregnancy.

• #184 Diabetes Insipidus Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Kidney Care | Dallas Renal Group

  https://dallasrenalgroup.com/patients/diabetes-diseases-and-conditions/

  In some cases, an enzyme made by the placentaa temporary organ joining mother and babybreaks down the mothers vasopressin. […] In other cases, pregnant women produce more prostaglandin, a hormone-like chemical that reduces kidney sensitivity to vasopressin. […] The causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can also be unknown.

• #185 Diabetes Insipidus – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/diabetes-insipidus.htm

  Similar to central diabetes insipidus, the cause of dipsogenic diabetes insipidus is located in the higher centers of the thirst mechanism, in the hypothalamus. Any damage to the thirst mechanism adds to the reduced vasopressin secretion and increased urine output. […] Diabetes insipidus that occurs during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes insipidus. During pregnancy, the placenta (a temporary connecting organ between the mother and baby) produces an enzyme that breaks down the mother’s vasopressin and contributes to the condition. Other causes like increased prostaglandin in pregnancy, a hormone-like chemical that reduces kidney sensitivity to vasopressin contribute to gestational diabetes insipidus. The condition gradually disappears after the pregnancy.

• #186 Arginine Vasopressin Disorders (Diabetes Insipidus)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16618-diabetes-insipidus

  Arginine vasopressin disorder, formerly known as diabetes insipidus, represents two conditions that happen when your body lets go of too much urine (pee). It cant keep (retain) water properly. These conditions are rare but treatable. […] An issue with arginine vasopressin (AVP) a hormone mainly causes these conditions: […] AVP deficiency (AVP-D) happens when your body doesnt make enough AVP. […] AVP resistance (AVP-R) happens because your kidneys dont use AVP properly. […] The causes vary based on the type: […] Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D). Formerly known as central diabetes insipidus, AVP-D happens when your body doesnt have enough arginine vasopressin (a deficiency). Its the most common type. […] Arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R). This type was formerly known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AVP-R happens when your pituitary gland releases enough AVP, but your kidneys dont respond to it properly (resistance).

• #187 Diabetes insipidus – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes-insipidus/symptoms-causes/syc-20351269

  Diabetes insipidus happens when the body can’t balance its fluid levels in a healthy way. […] The cause of the fluid imbalance depends on the type of diabetes insipidus. […] Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from surgery, a tumor, a head injury or an illness can cause central diabetes insipidus. […] Conditions that cause the brain to make too little ADH or disorders that block the effect of ADH cause the body to make too much urine. […] This happens when there’s a problem with the kidneys that makes them unable to properly respond to ADH. […] This rare form of diabetes insipidus only happens during pregnancy. […] People who have this disorder constantly feel thirsty and drink lots of fluids. […] Sometimes no clear cause of diabetes insipidus can be found.

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