Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?lang=us

  Carotid artery stenosis, also known as internal carotid artery stenosis or extracranial carotid artery stenosis, is usually caused by an atherosclerotic process and is one of the major causes of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). […] Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischemic strokes and TIAs. […] The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA.

• #2 Carotid artery stenosis: An approach to its diagnosis and management

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/november/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is one of the major causes of acute ischaemic stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. […] CAS can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. Carotid endarterectomy remains important in the treatment of symptomatic disease because of a strong evidence base for its benefit in the overall reduction of recurrent stroke risk. […] CAS is related to atherosclerotic plaque development in the internal carotid artery (ICA), which has a course both in the neck (extracranial) and within the skull (intracranial). Atherosclerosis itself is a chronic arterial disease related to the accumulation of cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in the walls of arteries. […] Neurological ischaemia can ensue following ICA plaque rupture and subsequent embolisation of atherosclerotic material that travels into the brain, causing arterial occlusion.

• #3 Carotid Artery Disease | Carotid Artery Stenosis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html

  Your carotid arteries are two large blood vessels in your neck. They supply your brain and head with blood. If you have carotid artery disease, the arteries become narrow or blocked, usually because of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque, which is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. […] Carotid artery disease is serious because it can block the blood flow to your brain, causing a stroke. Too much plaque in the artery can cause a blockage. You can also have a blockage when a piece of plaque or a blood clot breaks off the wall of an artery. The plaque or clot can travel through the bloodstream and get stuck in one of your brain’s smaller arteries.

• #4 Carotid Artery Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/carotid-artery-disease-causes-symptoms-tests-and-treatment

  Carotid artery disease is also called carotid artery stenosis. The term refers to the narrowing of the carotid arteries. This narrowing is usually caused by the buildup of fatty substances and cholesterol deposits, called plaque. […] Over time, the buildup of fatty substances and cholesterol narrows the carotid arteries. This decreases blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of a stroke. […] The risk factors for carotid artery disease are similar to those for other types of heart disease. They include: Age, Smoking, Hypertension (high blood pressure) — the most important treatable risk factor for stroke, Abnormal lipids or high cholesterol, Insulin resistance, Diabetes, Obesity, Sedentary lifestyle, Family history of atherosclerosis, either coronary artery disease or carotid artery disease.

• #5 Carotid stenosis, carotid artery disease | Cincinnati, OH Mayfield Brain & Spine

  https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-carotidstenosis.htm

  Carotid stenosis is caused by a buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) inside the artery wall that reduces blood flow to the brain. […] Atherosclerosis is the major cause of carotid artery disease. It can begin in early adulthood, but it usually takes decades to cause symptoms. Some people have rapidly progressing atherosclerosis during their thirties, others during their fifties or sixties. Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the inner wall of the artery caused by high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol specifically „bad” cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein (LDL). […] Less commonly, carotid aneurysm and fibromuscular dysplasia can cause carotid stenosis. […] People who have heart disease have an increased risk of developing carotid stenosis. Typically, the carotid arteries become diseased a few years later than the coronary arteries.

• #6 Carotid Artery Disease | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/cardiovascular-medicine/vascular-health/carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease, also called carotid artery stenosis, occurs when the carotid arteries, the main blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the brain, become narrowed. The narrowing of the carotid arteries is most commonly related to atherosclerosis (a build-up of plaque, which is a deposit of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin in the inner lining of an artery). […] Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of carotid artery disease. It is unknown exactly how atherosclerosis begins or what causes it. Atherosclerosis is a slow, progressive, vascular disease that may start as early as childhood. However, the disease has the potential to progress rapidly. It is generally characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits along the innermost layer of the arteries. If the disease process progresses, plaque formation may take place. Plaque is made up of deposits of smooth muscle cells, fatty substances, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular waste products. This thickening narrows the arteries and can decrease blood flow or completely block the flow of blood to the brain.

• #7 Carotid artery disease and stroke – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/stroke-and-carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease is a common cause of stroke. […] The underlying cause of carotid artery disease is usually atherosclerosis (the build-up of fibrous and fatty material inside the arteries), in this case in the carotids. […] Carotid artery disease is a major cause of stroke, accounting for about 20 in 100 of all cases. […] If you have carotid artery disease, atherosclerosis may develop in other arteries throughout the body. […] There are three main ways in which this can happen. The first is when plaque narrows and completely blocks a carotid artery (total occlusion); the second is by thrombosis, which is when an area of plaque ruptures, damaging the lining of the artery. […] The third way, which is the most significant because it is the mechanism that causes most strokes, is by an embolism where a clot that forms on the plaque breaks off and passes in the blood to the brain, where it blocks a brain blood vessel. […] When someone has carotid artery disease but without any symptoms, medical drug treatment alone may be sufficient.

• #8 Pathophysiology and Medical Treatment of Carotid Artery Stenosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4572017/

  Stroke is due to atherosclerosis, the major risk factors for which include dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGE, soluble RAGE [sRAGE]), lack of exercise and C-reactive protein (CRP). […] Risk factors for development of CAS are similar to those for CAD and other peripheral vascular disease. These risk factors include: dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors, obesity, cigarette smoking, lack of exercise, age, and C-reactive protein. […] Cigarette smoking contributes to CAS. […] Diabetes, both type-1 and type-2, are strong and independent risk factors for CAD, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. […] Age is a risk factor for CAS. The prevalence of CAS (50% stenosis) below the age of 60 years is 0.5% and increases to 10% above 80 years of age. […] Elevated levels of serum C-reactive proteins (CRP) predict the risk of future ischemic stroke and TIAs irrespective of other risk factors.

• #9 Carotid Artery Disease | Baylor Medicine

  https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/cardiovascular-medicine/vascular-health/carotid-artery-disease

  Risk factors associated with atherosclerosis include: Older age, Male, Family history, Race or ethnicity, Genetic factors, Hyperlipidemia (elevated fats in the blood), Hypertension (high blood pressure), Diabetes, Obesity, Diet high in saturated fat, Life style (smoking, lack of exercise). […] Although these risk factors increase a person’s risk, they do not necessarily cause the disease. Some people with one or more risk factors never develop the disease, while others develop disease and have no known risk factors.

• #10 Carotid Artery Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  The narrowing is due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis) inside the wall of the carotid artery. […] The most common cause is build-up of plaque in the carotid arteries due to multiple risk factors including: […] Non-Modifiable Risk Factors: These factors are irreversible and cannot be changed. The more of these risk factors you have, the greater your chance of developing carotid artery disease. […] Modifiable Risk Factors: These factors can be modified, treated or controlled through medications or lifestyle changes.

• #11 Carotid Artery Stenosis | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis, also called carotid artery disease, is a blockage within the blood vessels that lead to your brain and head. […] These arteries can become narrowed or clogged by fatty or cholesterol deposits called plaque. The clogging of these arteries creates the blockage that is carotid artery stenosis. […] You are at greater risk for carotid artery blockage if you have atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is when the blood vessels become restricted or blocked by fatty or cholesterol deposits. […] Other risk factors of carotid artery stenosis include: Age and gender: Men are at higher risk before age 75; women are at higher risk after 75; Diabetes; Family history of this problem; High blood pressure (hypertension); High cholesterol; Obesity; Race or ethnicity: All are at risk, though African American and Hispanic people are at greater risk; Sedentary lifestyle; Tobacco use: Smoking increases your risk dramatically. […] The treatment goal for carotid artery stenosis is to reduce the arterial blockage and prevent a stroke.

• #12 Why Do I Have Carotid Artery Disease?

  https://health.veininstitutenj.com/blog/why-do-i-have-carotid-artery-disease

  Your risk for carotid artery disease also increases with age. Other risk factors for developing carotid artery stenosis may include: Diabetes, Genetics – your risk goes up if your parents or relatives have it, Age and gender – men are more likely to get it before 75, and women are at higher risk after 75, Sedentary lifestyle, Obesity, Smoking and using other tobacco products, High blood pressure, High cholesterol, Race – although anyone can be at risk, African American and Hispanic people are more likely to develop this disease. […] Carotid artery disease can be deadly when left unchecked. But with the help of your primary healthcare physician and other medical professionals, you can incorporate lifestyle changes and medication to help treat and prevent carotid artery disease.

• #13

  https://www.parkwayshenton.com.sg/conditions-diseases/carotid-artery-stenosis/symptoms-causes

  Smoking. Chemicals from tobacco products, including nicotine, can cause damage to the inner lining of your arteries, as well as increase your blood pressure and heart rate. […] Sedentary lifestyle. Lack of exercise can make you prone to developing conditions that cause damage to your arteries, such as blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. […] High cholesterol levels. High levels of lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, can promote the formation of plaques. […] Diabetes. This condition impairs your body’s ability to process fats efficiently, thereby increasing your risk of hypertension and atherosclerosis. […] Obesity. Excess weight raises your odds of having conditions that contribute to carotid artery stenosis, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes. […] Age. As you age, your arteries become less flexible and more vulnerable to damage. […] Family history. Your risk of carotid artery stenosis increases if a family member has atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease.

• #14 Carotid artery disease – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease causes the carotid arteries to become narrowed or blocked. […] Carotid artery disease occurs when fatty material called plaque builds up inside the arteries. This buildup of plaque is called hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). […] The plaque may slowly block or narrow the carotid artery. Or it may cause a clot to form suddenly. A clot that blocks the artery enough to reduce blood flow can lead to stroke. […] Risk factors for blockage or narrowing of the arteries include: Smoking (people who smoke one pack a day double their risk for stroke), Diabetes, High blood pressure, High cholesterol and triglycerides, Older age, Family history of stroke or blood vessel disorder, Alcohol use, Recreational drug use, Trauma to the neck area, which may cause a tear in the carotid artery, Radiation therapy to the neck.

• #15 Manage carotid artery disease risk – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/manage-your-risk-of-carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease occurs when the blood vessels supplying your brain and head, known as carotid arteries, are damaged or blocked by fatty deposits. These deposits contain cholesterol that organizes as a plaque, which clogs or blocks the carotid arteries. This is similar to coronary artery disease, which reduces blood flow to your heart. […] Your risk of developing carotid artery disease increases if you have a family history of the disease or atherosclerosis. Age also is a risk factor. As you age, your arteries become less flexible and are more easily damaged. […] Other risk factors for carotid artery disease include: Diabetes, High blood-fat levels, High blood pressure, Lack of exercise, Obesity, Sleep apnea, Tobacco use. […] To prevent or slow the progression of carotid artery disease, take these steps to manage your risk factors: Control chronic conditions. Manage any chronic conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Consider limiting your salt intake. Reducing sodium can help lower your risk of developing high blood pressure. Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables. Healthy foods provide valuable nutrients for your body, which may protect you from a stroke. Exercise regularly. Being physically active can improve the health of your blood vessels and heart. Limit cholesterol and fat intake. This may help reduce the accumulation of plaque in your arteries. Limit your alcohol intake. Drinking alcohol in excess increases your risk for carotid artery disease. Maintain a healthy weight. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces your risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes and other health risks. Quit smoking or don’t start. After just a few years, a nonsmoker’s and a former smoker’s risk of stroke are comparable.

• #16 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/carotid-artery-disease/causes

  As we age, cholesterol, calcium, and fatty substances build up in our arteries, creating plaque deposits that narrow the arteries and increase our risk for cardiovascular disease, including carotid artery disease and coronary artery disease (CAD). Carotid artery disease reduces blood flow in the neck arteries that supply blood to the brain, potentially causing a stroke. […] While some risk factors for carotid artery disease are determined by heredity, the good news is that others can be controlled through lifestyle changes. […] Smoking contributes directly to carotid artery disease by damaging the smooth inner lining of arteries throughout your body. […] High blood pressure places stress on your artery walls that can cause scarring, rupture, and the formation of plaque deposits over time.

• #17 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=85&contentid=p08248

  The narrowing is caused by atherosclerosis. This is the buildup of fatty deposits, calcium, fibrous tissue and other cell debris that lines the inside of the artery. […] Atherosclerosis causes most carotid artery disease. In this condition, fatty deposits, calcium, fibrous tissue, and other cell debris build up along the lining of the arteries. This is called plaque. The plaque narrows the insides of the arteries. This decreases blood flow. Or fully blocks the flow of blood to the brain. […] Risk factors linked with atherosclerosis include: Older age, Male, Family history, Race, Genetic factors, High cholesterol, High blood pressure, Smoking, Diabetes, Overweight, Diet high in saturated fat, Lack of exercise. […] These factors increase a person’s risk. But they don’t always cause the disease. […] You can prevent or delay the disease like you would prevent heart disease. This includes: Diet changes, Exercise, Manage your weight, Quit smoking, Control stress.

• #18 Carotid Artery Stenosis Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis, or narrowing of the carotid arteries in the neck, is a leading cause of stroke. […] Atherosclerosis, also known as hardening of the arteries, is one of the main causes of carotid artery stenosis. Atherosclerosis happens when plaque which is made up of cholesterol, fats, calcium, and fibrous tissue accumulates in your arteries. […] As you age, plaque continues to build up along your arterial walls. This plaque may narrow the artery or embolize (break free) and travel to the brain, causing a stroke or mini-stroke. […] Also, a blood clot can develop in an area where plaque builds up. A part of a clot can break away and block a smaller artery. […] You are more likely to develop carotid artery stenosis as you age. In addition to aging, other risk factors for carotid artery stenosis and atherosclerosis include: High cholesterol level (especially elevated LDL or „bad” cholesterol), Poorly controlled high blood pressure, Tobacco use, Poorly controlled diabetes, Obesity, Lack of exercise, Family history, Cardiac disease.

• #19 Causes | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/condition/carotid-artery-disease/causes

  A high level of LDL or bad cholesterol in the blood leads directly to cholesterol deposits in the arteries. […] Patients with diabetes are more likely to have high blood pressure and high cholesterol, which can cause atherosclerosis. […] Being overweight contributes to high blood pressure and diabetes, which increase the risk of carotid artery disease. […] Some risk factors for carotid artery disease and stroke are beyond your control. […] Plaque buildup in the arteries is a natural part of aging and increases as we age. […] A family history of atherosclerosis is a risk factor for carotid artery disease.

• #20 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.drsumitkapadia.com/blog/guide-on-carotid-artery-stenosis/

  Carotid artery stenosis develops due to several interrelated factors that contribute to the narrowing of the carotid arteries. Understanding these causes is crucial for both prevention and management of the condition. […] The primary cause of carotid artery stenosis is atherosclerosis. This condition involves the buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaques, on the inner walls of the arteries. […] Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for carotid artery stenosis. Elevated blood pressure can cause damage to the endothelial cells lining the arteries, making them more prone to plaque accumulation. […] High levels of cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, contribute significantly to the development of atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis. […] Smoking is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis. […] Diabetes is another significant risk factor for carotid artery stenosis. […] Age and genetic factors also play a crucial role in the development of carotid artery stenosis.

• #21 Carotid Artery Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/carotid-artery-disease-causes-symptoms-tests-and-treatment

  People who have coronary artery disease have an increased risk of developing carotid artery disease. Typically, the carotid arteries become diseased a few years later than the coronary arteries. […] To effectively treat carotid artery disease, doctors recommend the following: Changes in lifestyle habits, Taking medications as prescribed, Consider a procedure to improve blood flow, if your doctor believes it could help reduce your risk of future stroke. […] If there is severe narrowing or blockage in the carotid artery, a procedure can be done to open the artery. This will increase blood flow to the brain to prevent future stroke.

• #22 Carotid Artery Disease | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery blockages are caused by atherosclerosis, when an accumulation of plaque deposits causes narrowing and hardening of the arteries. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include: […] In addition to atherosclerosis, there are less-common conditions that can affect the carotid arteries, including: […] Aneurysms. An abnormal bulge or ballooning of an artery is caused by a weakening of the artery wall. […] Carotid artery dissection. A tear in the inner layers of the artery wall. This allows blood to get between the layers and separate them. […] Carotid body tumors. These tumors develop in cells surrounding the carotid arteries. […] Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Abnormal cell growth in the artery walls causes the vessels to narrow, tear or bulge. […] Innominate artery disease. This is a rare condition caused by blockages in an artery below the carotid artery that supplies blood to the head, neck and arms. […] Recurrent blockages. Blockages can happen again after a person has had carotid artery surgery.

• #23 Carotid Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms (Orange County, CA)

  https://www.hoag.org/specialties-services/heart-vascular/specialty-programs/vascular-program/conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Read on for what you need to know about Carotid Artery Disease, including symptoms, causes and risk factors. […] Usually, carotid artery disease occurs due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis occurs when there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries. Plaque, which is largely made up of cholesterol and fat, can stick to the artery walls, narrowing blood vessels throughout the body. Atherosclerosis is often brought about by lifestyle factors, including eating a diet that is high in fat and cholesterol. High blood sugar has also been found to induce atherosclerosis within the carotid arteries. […] Rarely, developing carotid artery disease can also occur due to a variety of conditions other than atherosclerosis. These include: Aneurysms: Aneurysms involve a bulge or swelling in the wall of an artery. Carotid body tumors: A type of tumor whose growth can lead to a narrowed carotid artery. Fibromuscular dysplasia: A vascular disorder in which abnormal clumps of cells grow within the arteries of the body, including the carotid arteries, inhibiting blood flow.

• #24 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  Carotid artery stenosis is a consequence of systemic atherosclerotic disease. Thus, any risk factor predisposing a patient to progressive atherosclerosis can potentially manifest as stenosis of the carotid artery with resultant ischemic stroke or TIA symptoms. Risks include smoking, hyperlipidemia, male gender, and increased age. […] In a minority of patients, especially young females with stenosis of the carotid artery, fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) plays a much more significant role. FMD is a noninflammatory, nonatherosclerotic process affecting the carotid and renal arteries, although it can occur elsewhere in medium-sized vessels. FMD usually occurs in the mid and distal internal carotid artery, sometimes extending into the intracranial region. Aneurysms may also be a component of the disease process.

• #25 Carotid Disease | The MetroHealth System

  https://www.metrohealth.org/vascular-surgery/common-vascular-conditions/carotid-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have carotid artery disease. Your risk increases as you age, and is heightened if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. […] The most common cause is a build-up of plaque in the carotid arteries due to multiple risk factors, such as a history of smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. This is the same type of plaque that forms in the heart and causes heart attacks. In rare cases, carotid artery may narrow due to inflammation.

• #26 Carotid Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Life Expectancy

  https://www.medicinenet.com/carotid_artery_disease/article.htm

  Carotid artery disease occurs because of damage to the inner lining of the artery. This is a gradual process associated with smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and poorly controlled diabetes. These all may cause minor damage to the inner walls of an artery, and during the healing process, inflammation may occur and plaque may begin to form. […] Narrowing the internal carotid artery may decrease the blood supply to half of the brain that it supplies. This narrowing called atherosclerosis (atheroma = lump of plaque + sclerosis = hardening) occurs because of accumulation of plaque on the inside of the artery wall. […] Over time, the area of plaque may grow and narrow the lumen of the artery, the channel where blood flows. It becomes a vicious circle as the narrower lumen increases pressure within the artery and blood turbulence, which leads to more arterial wall damage and more plaque formation. […] The eventual result of carotid artery disease is transient ischemic attack and stroke. The narrower the artery, the more likely a stroke will occur. However, it is impossible to say with certainty which individual will or will not develop stroke symptoms.

• #27 Carotid artery stenosis: An approach to its diagnosis and management

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/november/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is one of the major causes of acute ischaemic stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. […] CAS can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. Carotid endarterectomy remains important in the treatment of symptomatic disease because of a strong evidence base for its benefit in the overall reduction of recurrent stroke risk. […] CAS is related to atherosclerotic plaque development in the internal carotid artery (ICA), which has a course both in the neck (extracranial) and within the skull (intracranial). Atherosclerosis itself is a chronic arterial disease related to the accumulation of cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in the walls of arteries. […] Neurological ischaemia can ensue following ICA plaque rupture and subsequent embolisation of atherosclerotic material that travels into the brain, causing arterial occlusion.

• #28

  https://www.mid-atlanticsurg.com/procedures/vascular-and-endovascular-surgery/carotid-artery-disease/

  Turbulence at the division of the carotid artery causes all of us to develop some mild narrowing within this artery as we age. […] Plaque buildup in the carotid arteries also contributes to CAD. Plaque is composed of fat and cholesterol that deposits within the walls of the arteries. These deposits develop and cause stenosis, or narrowing, of the carotid artery(s) which can lead to blockages. […] In some patients this narrowing becomes very severe. Severe narrowing of the carotid artery can lead to stroke. Plaque and tiny clots can accumulate on the blockage, only to then be swept away up to the brain where they can cause temporary or permanent strokes.

• #29 Carotid Artery Stenosis Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/carotid-artery-stenosis

  If not treated, carotid artery stenosis can lead to a TIA (mini-stroke) or a stroke. […] Carotid artery stenosis can be dangerous if its not caught and treated quickly. This condition can cause a stroke, which can lead to death or disability. […] The primary goal of treating carotid artery stenosis is to prevent a stroke. […] A carotid endarterectomy is the standard treatment for carotid artery disease. […] Carotid angioplasty and stenting is a minimally invasive procedure that your vascular surgeon may recommend if complete blockage or narrowing of the carotid artery occurs.

• #30 Carotid Artery Disease – Stroke – Vegas Vascular Specialists

  https://vegasvascular.com/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease results when the carotid arteries become narrow or obstructed and provide a risk of the plaque traveling to the brain and causing a stroke. […] Causes and risk factors of CAROTID DISEASE? Age, High blood pressure, Diabetes, Smoking, High cholesterol, Obesity, Lack of exercise, Family history of hardening of the arteries and/or stroke. […] If left untreated, carotid artery disease may lead to stroke, where lack of oxygen and other essential nutrients cause damage to the brain.

• #31 Carotid Artery Disease – The Vascular Group of Bradenton

  https://tvgbradenton.com/carotid-artery-disease/

  The most common cause of carotid artery disease is a build-up of plaque in the carotid arteries. […] In rare cases, carotid artery may narrow due to inflammation. […] Your risk increases as you age, and is heightened if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. […] Carotid stenosis is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes.

• #32 Carotid Disease – What is it & how can it be treated? – Seattle Vascular

  https://seattlevascular.com/carotid-disease/

  A special form of PAD involves the carotid arteries passing from the top of the chest up the right and left side of the neck, carrying blood to the brain. […] Atherosclerosis can involve the middle of the carotid artery, and in certain circumstances can result in small or large strokes or loss of vision in one eye or the other. […] The carotid arteries are the main arteries in your neck that supply oxygen-rich blood to your brain. When too much plaque builds up in your carotid artery, it can cause the artery to narrow (carotid stenosis). […] Other possible causes that are not very common are fibromuscular dysplasia (inflammation of the lining of the vessel wall) which can cause narrowing in the arteries without any atherosclerosis, carotid dissections which are caused by tears in the lining of the carotid artery. […] Carotid stenosis is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. About 700,000 strokes occur every year, usually in men (Society for Vascular Surgery).

• #33 Carotid Stenosis | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/news/2015/04/14/carotid-stenosis

  The following lifestyle changes can help to prevent progression of carotid artery disease: Quit smoking, Maintain healthy levels of cholesterol and blood pressure, Control diabetes properly, Maintain a healthy weight, Eat a healthy diet, Exercise regularly. […] Until fairly recently, surgeons have often performed procedures to remove carotid plaques if a blockage reached 60% or higher. Dr. Morrissey and many other surgeons now consider surgery only when a blockage reaches 80% or more if there are no symptoms.

• #34 Circulation Clinic | Carotid artery disease

  https://www.circulationclinic.com/carotid-artery-disease

  The risk factors for carotid artery disease are identical to those that cause peripheral artery disease and heart disease. The non-modifiable risk factors include male sex, increasing age, ethnicity and a possible family history. Risk factors that can be corrected are smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol. […] The key management for people who have a narrowed carotid artery, but no symptoms, is lifestyle change and correcting risk factors. You MUST stop smoking, receive adequate treatment for high blood pressure and diabetes and lose weight if appropriate.

• #35 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16845-carotid-artery-disease-carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis, also called carotid artery disease, is a condition that can lead to stroke. […] When plaque blocks the normal flow of blood through your carotid artery, you’re at a higher risk of stroke. Plaque build-up is called atherosclerosis. […] There are several factors that can increase your chance of developing this condition over time. […] Carotid artery stenosis can cause a stroke. […] The kind of stroke that usually happens from carotid stenosis is pieces of plaque (or platelets that form on plaque) travel to your brain. […] Carotid artery stenosis is often diagnosed after you’ve experienced symptoms of a stroke. […] The main goal of carotid artery stenosis treatment is to halt the progression of the disease. […] Carotid artery stenosis can be dangerous if it’s not caught and treated quickly. […] This condition can cause a stroke, which can lead to death or disability. […] As you age, your risk of developing carotid artery stenosis increases.

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