Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16845-carotid-artery-disease-carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis, also called carotid artery disease, is a condition that can lead to stroke. One treatment option for carotid artery stenosis is a surgical procedure call endarterectomy. […] Carotid artery stenosis is a condition that happens when your carotid artery, the large artery on either side of your neck, becomes blocked. The blockage is made up of a substance called plaque (fatty cholesterol deposits). When plaque blocks the normal flow of blood through your carotid artery, you’re at a higher risk of stroke. […] You can develop carotid artery stenosis in either of the two arteries in your neck or in both. This condition can worsen over time without medical care, leading to stroke with severe complications that can include death. […] Carotid artery stenosis can cause a stroke. The kind of stroke that usually happens from carotid stenosis is pieces of plaque (or platelets that form on plaque) travel to your brain. Called ischemic stroke, it cuts off blood supply to a portion of your brain.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/vascular-disease/carotid-artery-disease

  The University of Chicago Medicine is a certified Comprehensive Stroke Center, and our physicians have an established history of scientific breakthroughs related to stroke and carotid arterial disease. […] Our team has the skill and expertise to deliver unparalleled care for patients with carotid artery disease. […] Our vascular surgeons work together with a multidisciplinary team that includes neurologists and interventionalists to provide optimal care to patients with carotid artery disease. […] Getting an accurate, early diagnosis offers patients the best chance for a successful outcome. […] Treatment plans including medical, interventional and surgical options are personalized for each patient. […] The team may recommend medical treatment and close follow-up for patients with mild carotid artery disease.

• #1 Your guide to early detection and prevention of carotid artery disease – Baylor College of Medicine Blog Network

  https://blogs.bcm.edu/2024/02/28/your-guide-to-early-detection-and-prevention-of-carotid-artery-disease/

  Your primary care doctor may put you on drugs like statins to help lower your cholesterol, modify your diet and help you keep your sugar levels under control. Quitting smoking is essential for the health of your heart and blood vessels. […] If your doctor notices an abnormal sound (known as a bruit) when listening to the artery in your neck, they will order more tests, including an ultrasound or CT scan, to assess potential blockages. Some patients may have a mini-stroke, which will prompt their doctor to look for blockages. If the artery does have blockages, your doctor may prescribe medications or recommend surgery. […] Your healthcare provider will customize the treatment for carotid artery disease, taking into consideration: Your age, overall health and medical history, The severity of the blockage, Your exhibited signs and symptoms, Your tolerance to specific medications, procedures or therapies, Anticipated progression of the disease, Your personal opinions or preferences. […] Dr. Chung says there are a few surgical options to remove the blockages, including carotid endarterectomy (surgery involving a cut on the patients neck) and minimally invasive options where a stent is placed through a thin hollow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel in the leg.

• #1 Carotid artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360527

  A Mayo Clinic neurologist converses with a woman about a possible carotid artery disease diagnosis. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your carotid artery disease-related health concerns. […] The goal in treating carotid artery disease is to prevent stroke. Treatment depends on how blocked the carotid arteries are, whether the blockage is causing symptoms, and the age and other illnesses of the person who has the blockage. […] Treatment for mild to moderate blockage might involve: Lifestyle changes to slow the buildup of fatty deposits. These might include quitting smoking, losing weight, eating healthy foods, reducing salt and exercising regularly. […] For severe blockage or for people who’ve had a TIA or stroke, treatment might involve removing the blockage.

• #1

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/static?pageid=1017774

  Stenosis of the internal carotid artery due to atherosclerosis can cause embolic stroke or cerebral ischemia, both of which may result in significant morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. […] Nursing care of these patients before, during, and after CAS is challenging. Patients and family need to be educated about the aim and consequences of the procedure and its complications. […] The nursing management throughout the procedure, the patient preparation before the procedure, and most importantly, the postprocedure nursing care are discussed. […] Teaching and care monitoring are two key aspects to which the nurse must attend when caring for this patient population. Patient care monitoring by the nurse includes preprocedural, intraprocedural, and postprocedural activities. […] Continuous monitoring of the vital signs, neurological status, and groin is mandatory especially in the first 12 hours after CAS.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12491

  Carotid artery stenosis is caused by a process called hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. A substance called plaque builds up inside the carotid arteries. […] The goal of treatment is to lower your risk of having a stroke or TIA. You can lower your risk by having a heart-healthy lifestyle and taking medicine. Sometimes a surgery or procedure is also done. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] If you take a blood thinner, such as aspirin, be sure to get instructions about how to take your medicine safely.

• #1

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/static?pageid=1017774

  Nursing guidelines following CAS procedure are summarized in Table 7. […] The patient should contact his or her healthcare provider if he or she notices drainage, increased pain, or swelling at the access site. […] The most problematic complication in this site is the formation of pseudoaneurysm, which may necessitate surgical repair of the femoral artery. […] Teach the patient to recognize and report signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding related to dual antiplatelet medication prescribed routinely after CAS. […] The CAS procedure takes place in the angiography room (interventional radiology and cardiology). A typical CAS team consists of an interventionalist, nurse, and technician. […] The nurse should be ready to give intravenous atropine as ordered to treat this complication.

• #1 Medical Treatments for Carotid Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/carotid-artery-disease/treatments/medical.html

  Medical treatments for carotid artery disease include modification of risk factors such as smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, elevated blood glucose levels, lack of exercise, poor dietary habits, and elevated blood pressure. […] Medications that may be used to treat carotid artery disease include antiplatelet medications, anticoagulants, antihyperlipidemics, and antihypertensives. […] In persons with narrowing of the carotid artery greater than 50 percent to 69 percent, a more aggressive treatment may be recommended, particularly in persons with symptoms.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease Treatments | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/carotid-artery-disease/treatments.html

  The goal of treatment is to lower your risk of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke. Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms and how much of your arteries are blocked. You probably will take medicine. You also will be encouraged to make healthy lifestyle changes. Some people have procedures to lower their risk. […] You will likely take aspirin or another medicine to prevent blood clots. You will likely also take medicine to lower cholesterol. […] Work with your doctor to manage other health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Heart-healthy lifestyle changes can help lower your risk of stroke. […] Surgery in the arteries is called carotid endarterectomy. The doctor makes a cut in the neck and takes the plaque out of the artery. […] Some people have a procedure called stenting. A doctor threads a thin tube through an artery in the groin and up to the carotid artery in the neck. Then he or she uses a tiny balloon to enlarge the narrowed part of the artery and places a stent to keep the artery open.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. […] The goal of treating carotid artery disease is to prevent stroke. Specific treatments depend on the extent of blockage in your carotid arteries. Treatment options include: […] Lifestyle Changes: Avoid smoking. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Exercise under the directions of your doctor. Limit alcohol consumption to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men. Make and keep appointments to see your doctor for routine check-ups and follow-up tests. […] Medications: Aspirin will treat pain, inflammation and reduce risk of a stroke. Anticoagulants blood-thinners will help treat, prevent, and reduce blood clots. Beta blockers will help reduce your blood pressure. Statins will help reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. […] Medical and Surgical Procedures: Angioplasty, Endarterectomy.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/vascular-disease/carotid-artery-disease

  We can connect you with the tools you need, including medically supervised exercise programs, nutrition and weight loss counseling, and blood pressure control, to prevent your carotid artery stenosis from worsening and to lower your risk for stroke. […] Our comprehensive smoking cessation resources help you stop using tobacco products. […] Various effective medications are available to manage your risk factors, including those that lower your cholesterol and stabilize plaque, keep high blood pressure in check, reduce your risk for blood clots, and control your blood sugar level. […] Surgical options may be recommended only if you are having symptoms and your carotid artery is more than 50% blocked. […] Our experts can present the best options tailored to your circumstances. […] Our skilled vascular surgeons and neurosurgeons collaborate closely during these procedures to monitor your risk for stroke.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12491

  Try to quit smoking. If you can’t quit, cut back as much as you can. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. […] Stay at a weight that’s healthy for you. […] Be active. Ask your doctor what type and level of exercise is safe for you. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/carotid-artery-disease.html

  Quitting smoking. This can reduce the risk for carotid artery disease and cardiovascular disease. All nicotine products narrow the blood vessels. This includes electronic cigarettes. This decreases blood flow through the arteries. […] Lowering cholesterol. Eat a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet. Eat plenty of vegetables, lean meats (no red meats), fruits, and high-fiber grains. Don’t eat processed foods, or foods high in saturated and trans-fats. When diet and exercise are not enough to control cholesterol, you may need medicines. […] Lowering blood pressure. High blood pressure causes wear and tear and inflammation in blood vessels. This raises the risk for artery narrowing. Blood pressure should be below 140/90 mm/Hg for most people. People with diabetes may need even lower blood pressure.

• #1 Manage carotid artery disease risk – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/manage-your-risk-of-carotid-artery-disease

  Your care team may recommend removing the blockage from the artery if it is causing severe narrowing or if you have already had a stroke or TIA. […] To prevent or slow the progression of carotid artery disease, take these steps to manage your risk factors: Control chronic conditions. Manage any chronic conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Exercise regularly. Being physically active can improve the health of your blood vessels and heart. Quit smoking or don’t start. After just a few years, a nonsmoker’s and a former smoker’s risk of stroke are comparable.

• #1 Carotid Stenosis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.carotid-stenosis-care-instructions.tw12491

  Carotid artery stenosis is caused by a process called hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. […] The goal of treatment is to lower your risk of having a stroke or TIA. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. […] If you take a blood thinner, such as aspirin, be sure to get instructions about how to take your medicine safely. […] Try to quit smoking. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. […] Stay at a weight that’s healthy for you. […] Be active. […] Limit alcohol to 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. […] Avoid infections such as COVID-19, colds, and the flu. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #1 Carotid artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360527

  Carotid endarterectomy is the most common treatment for severe carotid artery disease. […] Carotid angioplasty and stenting is for blockages too hard to reach with carotid endarterectomy or for people who have other health conditions that make surgery too risky. […] Carotid artery disease care at Mayo Clinic.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease | UC San Diego Health

  https://health.ucsd.edu/care/stroke-care/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease, also known as carotid artery stenosis, is a narrowing of the carotid arteries commonly caused by a build-up of plaque (fatty deposits). […] Over time, the buildup of fatty substances and cholesterol narrows the carotid arteries. This decreases blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of a stroke. […] Carotid artery disease may be treated by medical therapy, surgery or by a combination depending on your situation. […] During a carotid endarterectomy, your surgeon will remove plaque that has built up inside the carotid artery. […] The artery is opened, and the plaque is removed. Then the artery is stitched back together. This restores normal blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid artery stenting is used to open up a narrowed carotid artery. […] The inflated balloon presses the plaque against the artery wall. This opens the artery for better blood flow. The doctor then places the stent to help keep the artery open.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease (CAD) | AtlantiCare

  https://www.atlanticare.org/services/vascular-medicine/specialties/arterial-disease/carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid Artery Disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the brain become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup, a condition known as atherosclerosis. […] Treatment for Carotid Artery Disease (CAD) focuses on reducing the risk of stroke, improving blood flow to the brain, and preventing further artery narrowing. […] For mild to moderate carotid artery narrowing, lifestyle changes and medications can help slow disease progression and lower stroke risk: Smoking cessation to prevent further artery damage, heart-healthy diet to control cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar, regular exercise to promote overall vascular health, medications to lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, and prevent blood clots. […] For patients with significant artery narrowing or a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA or mini stroke), minimally invasive options may be recommended: Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) A small mesh stent is placed in the artery to keep it open and restore blood flow after angioplasty, Transcarotid Artery Revascularization (TCAR) A newer minimally invasive approach that temporarily redirects blood flow to protect the brain while a stent is placed.

• #1 [Nursing Care of Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis Who Receive Carotid Artery Stent] – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30488418/

  Atherosclerosis, a major cause of carotid artery stenosis, has a high correlation to stroke, which may induce transient ischemic attack (TIA) and/or permanent brain damage. […] Because CAS may lead to in-stent restenosis, an eluting stent has been developed to prevent this adverse event. […] As patients who receive CAS remain at risk of recurrent stroke, intravascular restenosis, TIA, and mortality, post-procedure medical and nursing care for this population must be appropriately applied in order to maximize the rate of long-term success. Therefore, we recommend that clinical physicians and nurses regularly evaluate and monitor post-CAS patients in order to prevent complications. Moreover, they should educate patients before discharge on post-CAS wound care and medicine-taking regimens as well as on the importance of smoking cessation, controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, exercising regularly, reducing body weight, maintaining a healthy diet, and controlling the risk factors of atherosclerosis in order to prevent the recurrence of complications.

• #1 Carotid artery stenosis – self-care Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/carotid-artery-stenosis-self-care

  Carotid artery disease – self-care […] Making certain changes to your diet and exercise habits can help treat carotid artery disease. These healthy changes can also help you maintain a healthy weight and manage high blood pressure and cholesterol. […] If lifestyle changes do not lower your cholesterol and blood pressure enough, medicines may be prescribed. […] Your provider will want to monitor you and see how well your treatment is working. […] Having carotid artery disease puts you at risk for stroke. If you think you have symptoms of stroke, go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number immediately. […] Get help as soon as symptoms occur. The sooner you receive treatment, the better your chance for recovery. With a stroke, every second of delay can result in more brain injury.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/carotid-endarterectomy/why-its-done/

  A carotid endarterectomy may be needed if one or both of your carotid arteries become narrowed because of a build-up of fatty deposits (plaque). […] This is known as carotid artery disease or carotid artery stenosis, and it significantly increases your risk of having a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). […] Carotid artery disease is usually diagnosed if a person has the symptoms of a stroke or TIA, such as the face drooping on 1 side, numbness or weakness in the arms or legs, speech problems, or a loss of vision in 1 eye. […] You’ll usually have an ultrasound scan first to check if there’s any narrowing in your arteries and determine whether it’s severe enough for you to benefit from having surgery. […] If tests indicate your carotid arteries are narrowed, the severity of the narrowing (stenosis) will be graded to determine whether you need surgery.

• #1

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/static?pageid=1017774

  In case of complication, clinical (checking blood pressure and searching groin hemorrhage), laboratory (checking ECG and blood glucose level), and radiological (cranial CT) diagnostic tools are indicated. […] The CAS procedure is on the horizon for nonsurgical treatment of carotid artery stenosis with encouraging clinical and long-term results. By understanding details of the procedure, neuroscience nurses will be able to help patients more accurately on the road to recovery.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cardiovascular/conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Cardiologists and vascular surgeons at Allegheny Health Network (AHN) Cardiovascular Institute are leaders in using advanced diagnostic technology and minimally invasive procedures to diagnose and treat carotid artery disease and lower your stroke risk. […] Treatment for carotid artery disease depends on your specific health situation. Our team works with you to develop the most effective treatment plan. […] We specialize in minimally invasive heart surgery techniques, including a catheter-based angioplasty and stenting procedure to open arteries. For you, this surgical approach means less pain, a faster return to daily activities, and reduced blood loss. […] Carotid artery disease is a chronic, lifelong condition. As nutrition and exercise specialists, we can help you make lifestyle changes to improve your heart health at our cardiovascular rehabilitation program.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease | Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart & Vascular Care | Patient Care | Montefiore Einstein

  https://montefioreeinstein.org/heart/conditions/carotid-artery-disease/detail

  Your doctor may recommend regular ultrasounds. This is to see if the narrowing in your arteries is getting worse. […] Surgery in the arteries is called carotid endarterectomy. The doctor makes a cut in the neck and takes the plaque out of the artery. […] Surgery and stenting may help lower your risk of a stroke. But they also have a risk of serious problems. You and your doctor can decide together if you want to have surgery or stenting.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease is serious because it can cause a stroke, also called a brain attack. A stroke occurs if blood flow to your brain is cut off. […] Treatments for carotid artery disease may include healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, and medical procedures. The goals of treatment are to stop the disease from getting worse and to prevent a stroke. Your treatment will depend on your symptoms, how severe the disease is, and your age and overall health. […] Your doctor may recommend heart-healthy lifestyle changes if you have carotid artery disease. Heart-healthy lifestyle changes include: Heart-healthy eating, Maintaining a healthy weight, Managing stress, Physical activity, Quitting smoking. […] If you have a stroke caused by a blood clot, you may be given a clot-dissolving, or clot-busting, medication. This type of medication must be given within 4 hours of symptom onset. The sooner treatment occurs, the better your chances of recovery.

• #1 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  The activity reviews the evaluation and management of carotid artery stenosis. […] Carotid stenosis is an important cause of stroke and hypoperfusion and is most commonly treated by carotid endarterectomy or medical management. […] Different guidelines also exist for those with carotid artery disease without neurologic symptoms. […] This activity reviews the pathophysiology, presentation, and diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and discusses the role of the interprofessional team in its management. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines for the timely and individualized management of carotid artery stenosis, considering patient-specific factors and the severity of stenosis. […] Collaborate with multidisciplinary healthcare teams, including neurologists, vascular surgeons, and interventional radiologists, to ensure comprehensive and coordinated care for patients with carotid artery stenosis.

• #1 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  The optimal management of patients with carotid artery stenosis is with an interprofessional team, including primary care providers, internists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, neurologists, and pharmacists. […] Evidence-based medical management should be performed in all at-risk patients and may include home nursing visits and patient education.

• #1 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke: What You Need to Know

  https://www.lvhn.org/news/carotid-artery-disease-and-stroke-what-you-need-know

  “If they don’t qualify for surgery, we monitor patients to make sure stenosis doesn’t increase. We advise them on reducing their risk factors including quitting smoking and possibly putting them on proper cholesterol medication. We also counsel them on what stroke symptoms to watch out for and encourage them to eat better and exercise more.” […] Ju says that it’s important to use a team approach involving primary care physicians, cardiologists and neurologists to collaborate and offer the best options to treat patients with carotid stenosis and help prevent stroke. […] “As a vascular surgeon at LVHN, I’m fortunate that I have many tools that I can offer my patients with carotid artery disease. I can offer open surgery or minimally invasive procedures, depending on their individual situation. I don’t see patients as one dimensional, I see them as a whole,” Ju says.

• #1 Stroke and Carotid Artery Disease Program

  https://www.massgeneral.org/vascular-center/treatments-and-services/stroke-and-carotid-artery-disease-program

  Angioplasty and stenting: This newer, minimally invasive technique involves threading a balloon-tipped catheter through the affected artery to expand it. […] Our access coordinator is available Monday through Friday from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm to take relevant information about your condition and symptoms and to make a timely appointment with the most appropriate specialist. […] We strive to see patients as soon as possible and assign every patient one clinician to organize care between members of our multidisciplinary team. […] The Fireman Vascular Center has taken the unprecedented step of independently following the outcomes of patients who have undergone procedures for carotid artery disease and stroke. […] Patients and family members can feel confident that our team is always striving to provide the best possible outcome. […] Carotid Artery Disease: also called carotid artery stenosis, carotid artery disease occurs when the carotid arteries, the main blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the brain, become narrowed.

• #2 What are the risks of carotid artery disease? – Northeast Georgia Health System

  https://www.nghs.com/2024/11/13/what-are-the-risks-of-carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease occurs when the carotid arteries narrow or become blocked. These arteries, which are located on each side of the neck, are responsible for carrying blood to the brain and head. […] When a carotid artery becomes blocked, blood flow to the brain, face and head is limited or even fully cut off. […] Carotid artery disease is often the result of atherosclerosis, which causes fatty plaque to accumulate along the walls of blood vessels. […] Regardless of what causes the blockage, carotid artery disease can lead to serious and life-threatening health issues, including stroke. […] The treatment for carotid artery disease will vary depending on the severity of the blockage and whether you’re experiencing symptoms. In many cases, the condition is treated, at least initially, with a combination of lifestyle changes and medications.

• #2 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Symptoms, Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery disease can lead to a stroke in two different ways. The first is by restricting the blood flow of the arteries. The second is when a piece of the plaque or fatty material loosens and travels to the brain. […] Request an appointment with the heart specialists at Mass General Brigham to learn more about diagnosis and treatment options for carotid artery stenosis. […] Carotid artery blockage treatment often requires a multi-step approach. A combination of medications, surgical procedures, and lifestyle changes may all be part of carotid artery treatment without surgery. […] Lifestyle changes such as losing weight, quitting smoking, reducing salt intake, regular exercise, and a heart-healthy diet are all recommended to slow the progression of stenosis. Regular visits to the doctor are also necessary to monitor progress.

• #2 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16845-carotid-artery-disease-carotid-artery-stenosis

  For these conditions, it’s very important to seek treatment as quickly as possible in order to prevent cell death. […] Carotid artery stenosis is often diagnosed after you’ve experienced symptoms of a stroke. The symptoms prompt your healthcare provider to thoroughly check for any type of blockage, which can lead to a discovery of carotid artery stenosis. […] The main goal of carotid artery stenosis treatment is to halt the progression of the disease. This starts with lifestyle modifications including a healthy diet, exercise and stopping smoking. […] In more severe cases and or cases causing symptoms of TIA or stroke, your provider may use a surgical procedure called carotid endarterectomy to remove the plaque from the carotid artery through an incision. […] Not every carotid stenosis needs surgical or interventional treatment as these procedures themselves come with risk.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/carotid-endarterectomy/why-its-done/

  A carotid endarterectomy may be needed if one or both of your carotid arteries become narrowed because of a build-up of fatty deposits (plaque). […] This is known as carotid artery disease or carotid artery stenosis, and it significantly increases your risk of having a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). […] Carotid artery disease is usually diagnosed if a person has the symptoms of a stroke or TIA, such as the face drooping on 1 side, numbness or weakness in the arms or legs, speech problems, or a loss of vision in 1 eye. […] You’ll usually have an ultrasound scan first to check if there’s any narrowing in your arteries and determine whether it’s severe enough for you to benefit from having surgery. […] If tests indicate your carotid arteries are narrowed, the severity of the narrowing (stenosis) will be graded to determine whether you need surgery.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/carotid-artery-disease

  Our team offers multidisciplinary care as we work with patients to understand the benefits and risks of each treatment option, while coordinating consultations with specialists including cardiac surgery, vascular surgery, nephrology, and cardiology, to provide a seamless experience for patients and their families.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease Treatments | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/carotid-artery-disease/treatments.html

  The goal of treatment is to lower your risk of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke. Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms and how much of your arteries are blocked. You probably will take medicine. You also will be encouraged to make healthy lifestyle changes. Some people have procedures to lower their risk. […] You will likely take aspirin or another medicine to prevent blood clots. You will likely also take medicine to lower cholesterol. […] Work with your doctor to manage other health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. […] Heart-healthy lifestyle changes can help lower your risk of stroke. […] Surgery in the arteries is called carotid endarterectomy. The doctor makes a cut in the neck and takes the plaque out of the artery. […] Some people have a procedure called stenting. A doctor threads a thin tube through an artery in the groin and up to the carotid artery in the neck. Then he or she uses a tiny balloon to enlarge the narrowed part of the artery and places a stent to keep the artery open.

• #2 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  The optimal management of patients with carotid artery stenosis is with an interprofessional team, including primary care providers, internists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, neurologists, and pharmacists. […] Evidence-based medical management should be performed in all at-risk patients and may include home nursing visits and patient education.

• #2

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/static?pageid=1017774

  Nursing guidelines following CAS procedure are summarized in Table 7. […] The patient should contact his or her healthcare provider if he or she notices drainage, increased pain, or swelling at the access site. […] The most problematic complication in this site is the formation of pseudoaneurysm, which may necessitate surgical repair of the femoral artery. […] Teach the patient to recognize and report signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding related to dual antiplatelet medication prescribed routinely after CAS. […] The CAS procedure takes place in the angiography room (interventional radiology and cardiology). A typical CAS team consists of an interventionalist, nurse, and technician. […] The nurse should be ready to give intravenous atropine as ordered to treat this complication.

• #2 Carotid artery stenosis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm

  The carotid arteries provide the main blood supply to the brain. They are located on each side of your neck. You can feel their pulse under your jawline. […] Carotid artery stenosis means the carotid arteries become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to a stroke. […] Whether or not your health care provider recommended surgery to unblock narrowed arteries, medicines and lifestyle changes can: Prevent further narrowing of these important arteries, Prevent a stroke from occurring. […] Making certain changes to your diet and exercise habits can help treat carotid artery disease. These healthy changes can also help you maintain a healthy weight and manage high blood pressure and cholesterol. […] If lifestyle changes do not lower your cholesterol and blood pressure enough, medicines may be prescribed.

• #2 Medical Treatments for Carotid Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/carotid-artery-disease/treatments/medical.html

  Medical treatments for carotid artery disease include modification of risk factors such as smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, elevated blood glucose levels, lack of exercise, poor dietary habits, and elevated blood pressure. […] Medications that may be used to treat carotid artery disease include antiplatelet medications, anticoagulants, antihyperlipidemics, and antihypertensives. […] In persons with narrowing of the carotid artery greater than 50 percent to 69 percent, a more aggressive treatment may be recommended, particularly in persons with symptoms.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease reduces the flow of oxygen to the brain. […] The goal of treating carotid artery disease is to prevent stroke. Specific treatments depend on the extent of blockage in your carotid arteries. Treatment options include: […] Lifestyle Changes: Avoid smoking. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Exercise under the directions of your doctor. Limit alcohol consumption to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men. Make and keep appointments to see your doctor for routine check-ups and follow-up tests. […] Medications: Aspirin will treat pain, inflammation and reduce risk of a stroke. Anticoagulants blood-thinners will help treat, prevent, and reduce blood clots. Beta blockers will help reduce your blood pressure. Statins will help reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. […] Medical and Surgical Procedures: Angioplasty, Endarterectomy.

• #2 Carotid Stenosis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.carotid-stenosis-care-instructions.tw12491

  Carotid artery stenosis is caused by a process called hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. […] The goal of treatment is to lower your risk of having a stroke or TIA. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. […] If you take a blood thinner, such as aspirin, be sure to get instructions about how to take your medicine safely. […] Try to quit smoking. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. […] Stay at a weight that’s healthy for you. […] Be active. […] Limit alcohol to 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. […] Avoid infections such as COVID-19, colds, and the flu. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease: Risk Factors, Symptoms and Treatment OptionsBack ButtonFilter Button

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/news/carotid-artery-disease-risk-factors-symptoms-and-treatment-options-2034487

  Each year, approximately 400,000 people in the United States are newly diagnosed with carotid artery disease, also known as carotid artery stenosis. This narrowing of the carotid arteries is responsible for about 1/3 of stroke cases – with stroke being one of the leading causes of death in the United States. […] A diagnosis of carotid artery disease can be very scary for patients. I try to tell them not to panic because by taking medications and making healthy lifestyle changes, many patients can avoid stroke and its debilitating consequences from carotid artery disease. […] Fortunately, we have many ways to treat carotid artery disease that can lower the risk of stroke by improving blood flow to the brain. Treatment depends on how narrowed the carotid artery is and whether the patient has conditions that may put them at high risk of complications from an open surgery.

• #2 Manage carotid artery disease risk – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/manage-your-risk-of-carotid-artery-disease

  Your care team may recommend removing the blockage from the artery if it is causing severe narrowing or if you have already had a stroke or TIA. […] To prevent or slow the progression of carotid artery disease, take these steps to manage your risk factors: Control chronic conditions. Manage any chronic conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Exercise regularly. Being physically active can improve the health of your blood vessels and heart. Quit smoking or don’t start. After just a few years, a nonsmoker’s and a former smoker’s risk of stroke are comparable.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12491

  Try to quit smoking. If you can’t quit, cut back as much as you can. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. […] Stay at a weight that’s healthy for you. […] Be active. Ask your doctor what type and level of exercise is safe for you. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #2 Manage carotid artery disease risk – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/manage-your-risk-of-carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease occurs when the blood vessels supplying your brain and head, known as carotid arteries, are damaged or blocked by fatty deposits. These deposits contain cholesterol that organizes as a plaque, which clogs or blocks the carotid arteries. This blockage in blood vessels increases your risk of stroke — a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or seriously reduced. Usually, carotid artery disease develops slowly. The first sign that you have the disease may be a stroke or transient ischemic attack, or TIA, a temporary decrease of blood flow to your brain. […] Preventing a stroke is the primary goal of treating carotid artery disease. A treatment plan will be based on the degree of blockage in your carotid arteries and could include a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications and surgery.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease/ Carotid Artery Stenosis | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/carotid-artery-disease-carotid-artery-stenosis

  If the artery is between 50 percent and 69 percent narrowed, you may need more aggressive treatment (medication or surgery), especially if you have symptoms. […] If there is carotid narrowing of more than 70 percent, surgery is usually advised; surgical treatment decreases the risk for stroke after symptoms such as TIA (transient ischemic attack, or a mini-stroke). […] Surgical treatment of carotid artery disease includes: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAS). […] Knowing your risk factors can help you make lifestyle changes and work with your doctor to reduce the chances you’ll get the disease. […] Carotid artery disease may not cause symptoms until it severely narrows or blocks a carotid artery. Signs and symptoms may include: A bruit, a whooshing sound that your doctor may hear when listening to your carotid arteries with a stethoscope, A transient ischemic attack (TIA), a sudden temporary loss of blood flow to the brain, sometimes called a mini-stroke, A stroke. […] For some people, having a TIA is the first sign of carotid artery disease.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease | UC San Diego Health

  https://health.ucsd.edu/care/stroke-care/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease, also known as carotid artery stenosis, is a narrowing of the carotid arteries commonly caused by a build-up of plaque (fatty deposits). […] Over time, the buildup of fatty substances and cholesterol narrows the carotid arteries. This decreases blood flow to the brain and increases the risk of a stroke. […] Carotid artery disease may be treated by medical therapy, surgery or by a combination depending on your situation. […] During a carotid endarterectomy, your surgeon will remove plaque that has built up inside the carotid artery. […] The artery is opened, and the plaque is removed. Then the artery is stitched back together. This restores normal blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid artery stenting is used to open up a narrowed carotid artery. […] The inflated balloon presses the plaque against the artery wall. This opens the artery for better blood flow. The doctor then places the stent to help keep the artery open.

• #2 Carotid artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360527

  Carotid endarterectomy is the most common treatment for severe carotid artery disease. […] Carotid angioplasty and stenting is for blockages too hard to reach with carotid endarterectomy or for people who have other health conditions that make surgery too risky. […] Carotid artery disease care at Mayo Clinic.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/vascular-disease/carotid-artery-disease

  The procedure itself takes place in a standard operating room and lasts about an hour or more. Many patients are able to return home the day after surgery. […] Studies show this procedure is as safe and effective as CEA in people with certain health risks that may prevent them from having traditional surgery. […] TCAR is a newer procedure where a small balloon and, later, a stent are inserted through a small incision in the neck. […] Because carotid artery disease is a leading risk factor for stroke, you have access to our nationally recognized team of vascular neurologists, vascular surgeons, and neurosurgeons who work together to prevent and treat stroke.

• #2 Carotid artery stenosis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000717.htm

  Your provider will want to monitor you and see how well your treatment is working. […] Having carotid artery disease puts you at risk for stroke. If you think you have symptoms of stroke, go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number immediately. […] Get help as soon as symptoms occur. The sooner you receive treatment, the better your chance for recovery. With a stroke, every second of delay can result in more brain injury.

• #2 Critical Healthcare: Caring for Carotid Artery Disease in Rogers – Ozark Regional Vein & Artery Center

  https://ozarkregionalveincenter.com/critical-healthcare-caring-for-carotid-artery-disease-in-rogers/

  Carotid artery disease (CAD) is a condition caused by a blockage or narrowing of the carotid arteriesmajor blood vessels that provide your brains blood supply. […] Treatment for carotid artery disease can dramatically reduce this risk, potentially preventing CAD from developing, worsening, or resulting in fallout health concerns. […] Your treatment for carotid artery disease at Ozark Regional Vein Artery Center might include: Blood-thinning medications: Medicines including aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dabigatran (Pradaxa), or warfarin (Coumadin) help your blood flow more easily and reduce the risk of clots. […] CAD, though not curable, is entirely manageable. […] Consulting vascular professionals can help you set informed, long-term treatment plans and medication regimens to mitigate the issue. […] If you need support treating carotid artery disease in Rogers, turn to the Ozark Regional Vein Artery Center.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke: What You Need to Know

  https://www.lvhn.org/news/carotid-artery-disease-and-stroke-what-you-need-know

  “If they don’t qualify for surgery, we monitor patients to make sure stenosis doesn’t increase. We advise them on reducing their risk factors including quitting smoking and possibly putting them on proper cholesterol medication. We also counsel them on what stroke symptoms to watch out for and encourage them to eat better and exercise more.” […] Ju says that it’s important to use a team approach involving primary care physicians, cardiologists and neurologists to collaborate and offer the best options to treat patients with carotid stenosis and help prevent stroke. […] “As a vascular surgeon at LVHN, I’m fortunate that I have many tools that I can offer my patients with carotid artery disease. I can offer open surgery or minimally invasive procedures, depending on their individual situation. I don’t see patients as one dimensional, I see them as a whole,” Ju says.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease | Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart & Vascular Care | Patient Care | Montefiore Einstein

  https://montefioreeinstein.org/heart/conditions/carotid-artery-disease/detail

  At the Montefiore Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, you can access exceptional care for carotid artery disease. […] When you need care for carotid artery disease, turn to our dedicated providers who will develop a highly personalized treatment plan specific to you. […] The goal of treatment is to lower your risk of a stroke. Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms and how narrow your arteries are. You probably will take medicine. You also will be encouraged to have a heart-healthy lifestyle. Some people also have a procedure to lower their risk. […] You may take aspirin or another medicine to prevent blood clots. You will likely also take medicine to lower cholesterol. You may also take medicine to help manage blood pressure. […] A heart-healthy lifestyle can help lower your risk of stroke.

• #2 [Nursing Care of Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis Who Receive Carotid Artery Stent] – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30488418/

  Atherosclerosis, a major cause of carotid artery stenosis, has a high correlation to stroke, which may induce transient ischemic attack (TIA) and/or permanent brain damage. […] Because CAS may lead to in-stent restenosis, an eluting stent has been developed to prevent this adverse event. […] As patients who receive CAS remain at risk of recurrent stroke, intravascular restenosis, TIA, and mortality, post-procedure medical and nursing care for this population must be appropriately applied in order to maximize the rate of long-term success. Therefore, we recommend that clinical physicians and nurses regularly evaluate and monitor post-CAS patients in order to prevent complications. Moreover, they should educate patients before discharge on post-CAS wound care and medicine-taking regimens as well as on the importance of smoking cessation, controlling blood sugar and blood pressure, exercising regularly, reducing body weight, maintaining a healthy diet, and controlling the risk factors of atherosclerosis in order to prevent the recurrence of complications.

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