Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis screening – EBI

  https://ebi.aomrc.org.uk/interventions/asymptomatic-carotid-artery-stenosis-screening/

  Extracranial internal carotid stenosis, narrowing of the lumen of the internal carotid arteries, is most commonly attributed to atherosclerotic plaque formation and may present symptomatically as a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke. Carotid artery stenosis is thought to be the cause of approximately 8% of all ischaemic strokes. […] Additionally, there is no evidence that patients diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease benefit from undergoing carotid artery stenosis screening for this indication only. There is no clear evidence for being able to risk stratify an asymptomatic patient population for carotid artery stenosis screening. […] The United States Preventative Services Task Force in 2014 recommended against screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis amongst the general population. This guidance was reaffirmed in 2021 following a comprehensive review which identified that, within the general population, the risks of harm from screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis outweigh the benefits. […] This yield would be even less in a younger screened population.

• #1 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #2 Largest trial of carotid artery surgery and stenting finds similar long-term effects on stroke risk — Nuffield Department of Population Health

  https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/news/largest-trial-of-carotid-artery-surgery-and-stenting-finds-similar-long-term-effects-on-stroke-risk

  Results from a major clinical trial demonstrate that both stenting and surgery are low-risk and similarly effective procedures for treating carotid artery disease. […] Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide, responsible for over six million deaths each year. A common cause of stroke is carotid artery disease (also known as carotid artery stenosis), where the large blood vessels that supply oxygen to the brain become narrower. […] Up to now it has been unclear which of these procedures results in better overall patient outcomes. This includes both the long-term protective effect against strokes, and the risk of an adverse event happening during or immediately after the operation. […] The main outcomes assessed by the trial were adverse events associated with the procedure itself, and the long-term protective effect against strokes.

• #2 Carotid Artery Disease | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have CAD. Your risk increases as you age and if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. CAD is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] About 700,000 strokes occur every year. Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. […] If your doctor thinks you might have CAD, they will recommend a noninvasive carotid duplex ultrasound exam. The ultrasound results will confirm if you have CAD and its severity. […] If CAD is confirmed or suspected, you may be referred to a vascular surgeon. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, and all of the procedural options (surgery, stents) to treat CAD.

• #3 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16845-carotid-artery-disease-carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis, also called carotid artery disease, is a condition that can lead to stroke. […] The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in the general population is estimated to be as high as 5%. […] Carotid artery stenosis can be dangerous if its not caught and treated quickly. This condition can cause a stroke, which can lead to death or disability. […] As you age, your risk of developing carotid artery stenosis increases.

• #4 Carotid Artery Disease | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have CAD. Your risk increases as you age and if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. CAD is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] About 700,000 strokes occur every year. Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. […] If your doctor thinks you might have CAD, they will recommend a noninvasive carotid duplex ultrasound exam. The ultrasound results will confirm if you have CAD and its severity. […] If CAD is confirmed or suspected, you may be referred to a vascular surgeon. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, and all of the procedural options (surgery, stents) to treat CAD.

• #5 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?lang=us

  Carotid artery stenosis is usually seen in the elderly and more commonly in males. In asymptomatic patients over the age of 80, approximately 3% of men and 1% of women will have severe stenosis. Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischemic strokes and TIAs. The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA. […] NASCET and ECST trials proved the benefits of performing endarterectomy in those patients with symptomatic high-grade stenosis. In 1995 the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter benefited from endarterectomy, having a reduced 5-year risk of ipsilateral stroke.

• #6 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252525252F%2525252525252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%252525252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjghfavicon.icoradiopaedia-icon-144.pngfavicon.icofavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Carotid artery stenosis is usually seen in the elderly and more commonly in males. In asymptomatic patients over the age of 80, approximately 3% of men and 1% of women will have severe stenosis. Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischaemic strokes and TIAs. The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA. […] NASCET and ECST trials proved the benefits of performing endarterectomy in those patients with symptomatic high-grade stenosis. In 1995 the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter benefited from endarterectomy, having a reduced 5-year risk of ipsilateral stroke.

• #7 Carotid Artery Stenosis information | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute ischaemic stroke. […] Moderate-to-severe asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis occurs in 2-5% of European women and 2-8% of European men aged over 60 years. The prevalence is much higher in high-risk groups. […] Carotid arterial stenosis is associated with all presentations of cardiovascular disease (including CVEs, angina, acute coronary syndrome and peripheral arterial disease) as well as conditions predisposing to cardiovascular disease (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia). […] Studies have found that ipsilateral stroke rates associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis are less than 1% a year. However, there is a greater risk of death from coronary heart disease.

• #8 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #9 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #10 Carotid Artery Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16845-carotid-artery-disease-carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis, also called carotid artery disease, is a condition that can lead to stroke. […] The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in the general population is estimated to be as high as 5%. […] Carotid artery stenosis can be dangerous if its not caught and treated quickly. This condition can cause a stroke, which can lead to death or disability. […] As you age, your risk of developing carotid artery stenosis increases.

• #11 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #12 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  Symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion has an incidence of 6 per 100,000, though the rate of asymptomatic chronic occlusion is unknown and may be higher as imaging is not routinely done. […] Although patients who are Black and Hispanic have a higher risk of stroke than White patients, they have a lower incidence of severe stenosis (defined as 70%). This may explain lower rates of CEA in this population. Native Americans have a higher rate of severe stenosis than White patients. Males also have a higher rate of carotid artery disease than females.

• #13 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?lang=us

  Carotid artery stenosis is usually seen in the elderly and more commonly in males. In asymptomatic patients over the age of 80, approximately 3% of men and 1% of women will have severe stenosis. Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischemic strokes and TIAs. The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA. […] NASCET and ECST trials proved the benefits of performing endarterectomy in those patients with symptomatic high-grade stenosis. In 1995 the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter benefited from endarterectomy, having a reduced 5-year risk of ipsilateral stroke.

• #14 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #15 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  Symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion has an incidence of 6 per 100,000, though the rate of asymptomatic chronic occlusion is unknown and may be higher as imaging is not routinely done. […] Although patients who are Black and Hispanic have a higher risk of stroke than White patients, they have a lower incidence of severe stenosis (defined as 70%). This may explain lower rates of CEA in this population. Native Americans have a higher rate of severe stenosis than White patients. Males also have a higher rate of carotid artery disease than females.

• #16 Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442025/

  Symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion has an incidence of 6 per 100,000, though the rate of asymptomatic chronic occlusion is unknown and may be higher as imaging is not routinely done. […] Although patients who are Black and Hispanic have a higher risk of stroke than White patients, they have a lower incidence of severe stenosis (defined as 70%). This may explain lower rates of CEA in this population. Native Americans have a higher rate of severe stenosis than White patients. Males also have a higher rate of carotid artery disease than females.

• #17 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #18 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?lang=us

  Carotid artery stenosis is usually seen in the elderly and more commonly in males. In asymptomatic patients over the age of 80, approximately 3% of men and 1% of women will have severe stenosis. Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischemic strokes and TIAs. The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA. […] NASCET and ECST trials proved the benefits of performing endarterectomy in those patients with symptomatic high-grade stenosis. In 1995 the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter benefited from endarterectomy, having a reduced 5-year risk of ipsilateral stroke.

• #19 A narrative review of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in carotid plaques: a distinction versus a compromise between hemodynamic and embolic mechanism

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/72884/html

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis causes about 10-20% of all ischemic strokes through two main mechanisms: hemodynamic impairment in case of significant stenosis and thromboembolism from an atherosclerotic plaque regardless of the degree of stenosis. […] Carotid artery disease is believed to be responsible for anywhere between 10 and 20% of ischemic stroke. […] The degree of stenosis is a relevant risk factor of ipsilateral ischemic stroke. […] While it is likely that some ischemic strokes associated with carotid artery disease result from hypoperfusion, the majority of such strokes appear to result from embolization from a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque or acute occlusion of the carotid artery and propagation of thrombus distally. […] Routine and more advanced imaging techniques may provide information on the underlying mechanism involved in ipsilateral ischemic stroke.

• #20 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?lang=us

  Carotid artery stenosis is usually seen in the elderly and more commonly in males. In asymptomatic patients over the age of 80, approximately 3% of men and 1% of women will have severe stenosis. Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischemic strokes and TIAs. The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA. […] NASCET and ECST trials proved the benefits of performing endarterectomy in those patients with symptomatic high-grade stenosis. In 1995 the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter benefited from endarterectomy, having a reduced 5-year risk of ipsilateral stroke.

• #21 A narrative review of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in carotid plaques: a distinction versus a compromise between hemodynamic and embolic mechanism

  https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/72884/html

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis causes about 10-20% of all ischemic strokes through two main mechanisms: hemodynamic impairment in case of significant stenosis and thromboembolism from an atherosclerotic plaque regardless of the degree of stenosis. […] Carotid artery disease is believed to be responsible for anywhere between 10 and 20% of ischemic stroke. […] The degree of stenosis is a relevant risk factor of ipsilateral ischemic stroke. […] While it is likely that some ischemic strokes associated with carotid artery disease result from hypoperfusion, the majority of such strokes appear to result from embolization from a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque or acute occlusion of the carotid artery and propagation of thrombus distally. […] Routine and more advanced imaging techniques may provide information on the underlying mechanism involved in ipsilateral ischemic stroke.

• #22 Carotid artery stenosis: An approach to its diagnosis and management

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/november/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is one of the major causes of acute ischaemic stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. […] CAS can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. […] Carotid endarterectomy remains important in the treatment of symptomatic disease because of a strong evidence base for its benefit in the overall reduction of recurrent stroke risk. […] The benefit of surgery is less clear for asymptomatic disease. […] Carotid artery disease is a complex topic, with management differing significantly based on whether the disease is symptomatic or asymptomatic. […] The predominant demographic of patients that general practitioners will be involved in managing will be those who are asymptomatic, and it is increasingly felt that medical management may be comparable in efficacy to surgical management.

• #23 Carotid Artery Disease | The Foundation to Advance Vascular Cures

  https://www.vascularcures.org/carotid-artery-disease

  Carotid artery disease (CAD) is when atherosclerosis happens in the carotid arteries. […] According to the National Stroke Council, more than half of strokes in the U.S. occur because of CAD. […] CAD is usually discovered during a routine physical exam. […] A TIA is a strong warning sign. The symptoms may resolve, but when a TIA occurs, it indicates increased risk of a stroke. […] Individuals with severe blockages (up to 60% or 70%) of the carotid artery may be referred for a surgical treatment called a carotid endarterectomy. […] Carotid artery disease has risk factors similar to peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary heart disease.

• #24 Carotid Artery Disease | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have CAD. Your risk increases as you age and if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. CAD is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] About 700,000 strokes occur every year. Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. […] If your doctor thinks you might have CAD, they will recommend a noninvasive carotid duplex ultrasound exam. The ultrasound results will confirm if you have CAD and its severity. […] If CAD is confirmed or suspected, you may be referred to a vascular surgeon. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, and all of the procedural options (surgery, stents) to treat CAD.

• #25 Carotid artery stenosis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/carotid-artery-stenosis?lang=us

  Carotid artery stenosis is usually seen in the elderly and more commonly in males. In asymptomatic patients over the age of 80, approximately 3% of men and 1% of women will have severe stenosis. Atherosclerotic carotid arterial disease accounts for ~15% of all ischemic strokes and TIAs. The annual incidence of extracranial carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke accounts for ~13 per 100,000 population in the USA. […] NASCET and ECST trials proved the benefits of performing endarterectomy in those patients with symptomatic high-grade stenosis. In 1995 the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60% or greater reduction in diameter benefited from endarterectomy, having a reduced 5-year risk of ipsilateral stroke.

• #26 Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463147-overview

  Stroke from any cause represents the third leading cause of death in the United States. About 610,000 new strokes occur each year in the United States, and about 185,000 occur in people who have previously had a stroke. […] Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Between 2014 and 2015, the direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was estimated at nearly $46 billion.

• #27 Carotid Artery Stenosis as a Cause of Stroke

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33541

  Background Population-based studies have estimated that 15% of ischemic strokes are caused by large vessel cerebrovascular disease. […] We conservatively estimate that 41,000 strokes may be attributed to extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis annually in the United States. […] Large vessel atherosclerosis is an important cause of stroke, with extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis significantly more common than extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion or intracranial atherosclerotic disease.

• #28 Prevalence, predictors and outcome of carotid stenosis: a sub study in the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-020-02032-4

  The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients is historically reported at 15-20%, but an up-to-date estimate is lacking. […] The current prevalence of CAS is 18.7%, which is higher than we expected. […] Gender, smoking and hypertension are important factors associated with CAS. […] The prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) of 50% in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients has previously been estimated to be between 15% and 20%. […] The aims of this study are to estimate the current prevalence of CAS in AIS patients, to identify predictors for CAS and describe survival in these patients. […] This sub study in PASS, a large Dutch stroke with acute stroke patients, showed an up-to-date prevalence of CAS in patients with AIS of 18.7% with age, hypertension, male gender and smoking identified as predicting factors for the presence of ICA stenosis.

• #29

  https://journals.mk/aph/article/view/5993

  Carotid artery disease most commonly manifests as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, which can lead to an ischemic stroke. Our aim was to present the epidemiological aspects of carotid disease and to demonstrate the association of risk factors with carotid disease. […] Carotid stenosis was correlated with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and peripheral arterial disease. […] Our study found that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia were independently associated with significant carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.

• #30 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #31 Prevalence, predictors and outcome of carotid stenosis: a sub study in the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-020-02032-4

  The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients is historically reported at 15-20%, but an up-to-date estimate is lacking. […] The current prevalence of CAS is 18.7%, which is higher than we expected. […] Gender, smoking and hypertension are important factors associated with CAS. […] The prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) of 50% in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients has previously been estimated to be between 15% and 20%. […] The aims of this study are to estimate the current prevalence of CAS in AIS patients, to identify predictors for CAS and describe survival in these patients. […] This sub study in PASS, a large Dutch stroke with acute stroke patients, showed an up-to-date prevalence of CAS in patients with AIS of 18.7% with age, hypertension, male gender and smoking identified as predicting factors for the presence of ICA stenosis.

• #32 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #33

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #34 Prevalence, predictors and outcome of carotid stenosis: a sub study in the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-020-02032-4

  The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients is historically reported at 15-20%, but an up-to-date estimate is lacking. […] The current prevalence of CAS is 18.7%, which is higher than we expected. […] Gender, smoking and hypertension are important factors associated with CAS. […] The prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) of 50% in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients has previously been estimated to be between 15% and 20%. […] The aims of this study are to estimate the current prevalence of CAS in AIS patients, to identify predictors for CAS and describe survival in these patients. […] This sub study in PASS, a large Dutch stroke with acute stroke patients, showed an up-to-date prevalence of CAS in patients with AIS of 18.7% with age, hypertension, male gender and smoking identified as predicting factors for the presence of ICA stenosis.

• #35

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-024-1088-0

  Stroke is a critical health issue in China, and carotid artery stenosis and plaque play key roles in its prevalence. […] This study analyzed data from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program for 20202021, focusing on 194 878 Chinese adults aged 40 years and above. It assessed the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and plaque and identified their associated risk factors. Results revealed a standardized prevalence of 0.40% for carotid artery stenosis and 36.27% for carotid plaque. Notably, the highest rates of stenosis were observed in north and south China at 0.61%, while southwestern China exhibited the highest plaque prevalence at 43.17%. Key risk factors included older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, smoking, and atrial fibrillation.

• #36 Prevalence, predictors and outcome of carotid stenosis: a sub study in the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-020-02032-4

  The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients is historically reported at 15-20%, but an up-to-date estimate is lacking. […] The current prevalence of CAS is 18.7%, which is higher than we expected. […] Gender, smoking and hypertension are important factors associated with CAS. […] The prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) of 50% in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients has previously been estimated to be between 15% and 20%. […] The aims of this study are to estimate the current prevalence of CAS in AIS patients, to identify predictors for CAS and describe survival in these patients. […] This sub study in PASS, a large Dutch stroke with acute stroke patients, showed an up-to-date prevalence of CAS in patients with AIS of 18.7% with age, hypertension, male gender and smoking identified as predicting factors for the presence of ICA stenosis.

• #37

  https://journals.mk/aph/article/view/5993

  Carotid artery disease most commonly manifests as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, which can lead to an ischemic stroke. Our aim was to present the epidemiological aspects of carotid disease and to demonstrate the association of risk factors with carotid disease. […] Carotid stenosis was correlated with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and peripheral arterial disease. […] Our study found that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia were independently associated with significant carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.

• #38 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #39 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #40

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #41

  https://journals.mk/aph/article/view/5993

  Carotid artery disease most commonly manifests as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, which can lead to an ischemic stroke. Our aim was to present the epidemiological aspects of carotid disease and to demonstrate the association of risk factors with carotid disease. […] Carotid stenosis was correlated with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and peripheral arterial disease. […] Our study found that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia were independently associated with significant carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.

• #42 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #43 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #44

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #45

  https://journals.mk/aph/article/view/5993

  Carotid artery disease most commonly manifests as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, which can lead to an ischemic stroke. Our aim was to present the epidemiological aspects of carotid disease and to demonstrate the association of risk factors with carotid disease. […] Carotid stenosis was correlated with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and peripheral arterial disease. […] Our study found that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia were independently associated with significant carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.

• #46 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #47 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #48

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #49 Prevalence, predictors and outcome of carotid stenosis: a sub study in the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS) | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-020-02032-4

  The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients is historically reported at 15-20%, but an up-to-date estimate is lacking. […] The current prevalence of CAS is 18.7%, which is higher than we expected. […] Gender, smoking and hypertension are important factors associated with CAS. […] The prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) of 50% in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients has previously been estimated to be between 15% and 20%. […] The aims of this study are to estimate the current prevalence of CAS in AIS patients, to identify predictors for CAS and describe survival in these patients. […] This sub study in PASS, a large Dutch stroke with acute stroke patients, showed an up-to-date prevalence of CAS in patients with AIS of 18.7% with age, hypertension, male gender and smoking identified as predicting factors for the presence of ICA stenosis.

• #50 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #51 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #52

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #53 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #54

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #55

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-024-1088-0

  Stroke is a critical health issue in China, and carotid artery stenosis and plaque play key roles in its prevalence. […] This study analyzed data from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program for 20202021, focusing on 194 878 Chinese adults aged 40 years and above. It assessed the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and plaque and identified their associated risk factors. Results revealed a standardized prevalence of 0.40% for carotid artery stenosis and 36.27% for carotid plaque. Notably, the highest rates of stenosis were observed in north and south China at 0.61%, while southwestern China exhibited the highest plaque prevalence at 43.17%. Key risk factors included older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, smoking, and atrial fibrillation.

• #56

  https://journals.mk/aph/article/view/5993

  Carotid artery disease most commonly manifests as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, which can lead to an ischemic stroke. Our aim was to present the epidemiological aspects of carotid disease and to demonstrate the association of risk factors with carotid disease. […] Carotid stenosis was correlated with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and peripheral arterial disease. […] Our study found that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia were independently associated with significant carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.

• #57

  https://journals.mk/aph/article/view/5993

  Carotid artery disease most commonly manifests as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease, which can lead to an ischemic stroke. Our aim was to present the epidemiological aspects of carotid disease and to demonstrate the association of risk factors with carotid disease. […] Carotid stenosis was correlated with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and peripheral arterial disease. […] Our study found that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia were independently associated with significant carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease.

• #58

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2017/65020/prevalence_and_risk_factors_of_asymptomatic.15.aspx

  Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is a marker for cerebrovascular disease, coronary atherosclerosis, and death. […] The prevalence of significant carotid stenosis was 5.2%. […] Our study suggests that 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals 40 years of age harbor significant extracranial carotid artery disease. Presence of multiple vascular risk factors markedly increases the risk of carotid stenosis. […] Atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) is a major risk factors for stroke and is the causative factor in approximately 30% of all ischemic strokes. […] Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) of more than 50% has a 26% annual risk of stroke. […] To combat the disease morbidity and mortality, it is important to screen high-risk individuals for significant ACAS and treat them with medications, intervention, or surgery, or to monitor them with serial surveillance. […] The present study found significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis in 5.2% of Indian participants. […] Our study has established that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are independently associated with significant extracranial CAS.

• #59 Carotid artery stenosis: An approach to its diagnosis and management

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/november/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is one of the major causes of acute ischaemic stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of cases. […] CAS can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. […] Carotid endarterectomy remains important in the treatment of symptomatic disease because of a strong evidence base for its benefit in the overall reduction of recurrent stroke risk. […] The benefit of surgery is less clear for asymptomatic disease. […] Carotid artery disease is a complex topic, with management differing significantly based on whether the disease is symptomatic or asymptomatic. […] The predominant demographic of patients that general practitioners will be involved in managing will be those who are asymptomatic, and it is increasingly felt that medical management may be comparable in efficacy to surgical management.

• #60 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #61

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/121740/carotid-stenosis

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] male female […] Risk factors […] family history […] hyperlipidemia […] smoking […] hypertension […] diabetes […] older age […] […] […] Management approach […] screening for asymptomatic patients is not recommended […] […] […] Operative […] carotid artery revascularization […] indication […] stenosis 70% […] post-transient ischemic attack or stroke […] […] […] Complications […] Neurological sequelae […] central retinal artery occlusion […] transient ischemic attack […] stroke […] […] […] Prognosis […] Survival with appropriate treatment

• #62 Avoid use of ultrasound for routine surveillance of carotid arteries in the asymptomatic healthy population at any time. | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/237.html

  The presence of asymptomatic severe carotid artery disease in the general population yields a risk of neurologic event, which is 2%. […] In general population-based studies, the prevalence of severe carotid stenosis is not high enough to make bruit alone an indication for carotid screening. […] Screening should be pursued only if a bruit is associated with other risk factors for stenosis and stroke, or if the primary care physician determines a patient is at increased risk for carotid artery occlusive disease.

• #63 Avoid use of ultrasound for routine surveillance of carotid arteries in the asymptomatic healthy population at any time. | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/237.html

  The presence of asymptomatic severe carotid artery disease in the general population yields a risk of neurologic event, which is 2%. […] In general population-based studies, the prevalence of severe carotid stenosis is not high enough to make bruit alone an indication for carotid screening. […] Screening should be pursued only if a bruit is associated with other risk factors for stenosis and stroke, or if the primary care physician determines a patient is at increased risk for carotid artery occlusive disease.

• #64 Avoid use of ultrasound for routine surveillance of carotid arteries in the asymptomatic healthy population at any time. | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/237.html

  The presence of asymptomatic severe carotid artery disease in the general population yields a risk of neurologic event, which is 2%. […] In general population-based studies, the prevalence of severe carotid stenosis is not high enough to make bruit alone an indication for carotid screening. […] Screening should be pursued only if a bruit is associated with other risk factors for stenosis and stroke, or if the primary care physician determines a patient is at increased risk for carotid artery occlusive disease.

• #65 Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis screening – EBI

  https://ebi.aomrc.org.uk/interventions/asymptomatic-carotid-artery-stenosis-screening/

  Extracranial internal carotid stenosis, narrowing of the lumen of the internal carotid arteries, is most commonly attributed to atherosclerotic plaque formation and may present symptomatically as a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke. Carotid artery stenosis is thought to be the cause of approximately 8% of all ischaemic strokes. […] Additionally, there is no evidence that patients diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease benefit from undergoing carotid artery stenosis screening for this indication only. There is no clear evidence for being able to risk stratify an asymptomatic patient population for carotid artery stenosis screening. […] The United States Preventative Services Task Force in 2014 recommended against screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis amongst the general population. This guidance was reaffirmed in 2021 following a comprehensive review which identified that, within the general population, the risks of harm from screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis outweigh the benefits. […] This yield would be even less in a younger screened population.

• #66 Avoid use of ultrasound for routine surveillance of carotid arteries in the asymptomatic healthy population at any time. | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/237.html

  The presence of asymptomatic severe carotid artery disease in the general population yields a risk of neurologic event, which is 2%. […] In general population-based studies, the prevalence of severe carotid stenosis is not high enough to make bruit alone an indication for carotid screening. […] Screening should be pursued only if a bruit is associated with other risk factors for stenosis and stroke, or if the primary care physician determines a patient is at increased risk for carotid artery occlusive disease.

• #67 Carotid Artery Disease – Northern Sydney Vascular

  https://northernsydneyvascular.com.au/treated-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is the most common cause of stroke, which remains one of the most disabling conditions in our society. Many strokes could be avoided with early recognition and treatment of carotid artery disease. […] The first part of diagnosis is to recognise either those at risk or the warning symptoms (TIAs above). Those most at risk include males over 55 years of age, history of previous smoking, known heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of heart attack or stroke. Patients with any of these risk factors should be considered for screening of their carotid arteries which can be done simply and non-invasively with good vascular ultrasound. This provides an accurate estimation of the degree of narrowing caused by the plaque. The severity of narrowing is directly related to the risk of stroke. […] All patients identified with carotid artery disease (or with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease in general) should be treated with control of these risk factors.

• #68 Avoid use of ultrasound for routine surveillance of carotid arteries in the asymptomatic healthy population at any time. | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/237.html

  The presence of asymptomatic severe carotid artery disease in the general population yields a risk of neurologic event, which is 2%. […] In general population-based studies, the prevalence of severe carotid stenosis is not high enough to make bruit alone an indication for carotid screening. […] Screening should be pursued only if a bruit is associated with other risk factors for stenosis and stroke, or if the primary care physician determines a patient is at increased risk for carotid artery occlusive disease.

• #69 Carotid Artery Disease – Northern Sydney Vascular

  https://northernsydneyvascular.com.au/treated-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is the most common cause of stroke, which remains one of the most disabling conditions in our society. Many strokes could be avoided with early recognition and treatment of carotid artery disease. […] The first part of diagnosis is to recognise either those at risk or the warning symptoms (TIAs above). Those most at risk include males over 55 years of age, history of previous smoking, known heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of heart attack or stroke. Patients with any of these risk factors should be considered for screening of their carotid arteries which can be done simply and non-invasively with good vascular ultrasound. This provides an accurate estimation of the degree of narrowing caused by the plaque. The severity of narrowing is directly related to the risk of stroke. […] All patients identified with carotid artery disease (or with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease in general) should be treated with control of these risk factors.

• #70 Carotid Artery Disease – Northern Sydney Vascular

  https://northernsydneyvascular.com.au/treated-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is the most common cause of stroke, which remains one of the most disabling conditions in our society. Many strokes could be avoided with early recognition and treatment of carotid artery disease. […] The first part of diagnosis is to recognise either those at risk or the warning symptoms (TIAs above). Those most at risk include males over 55 years of age, history of previous smoking, known heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of heart attack or stroke. Patients with any of these risk factors should be considered for screening of their carotid arteries which can be done simply and non-invasively with good vascular ultrasound. This provides an accurate estimation of the degree of narrowing caused by the plaque. The severity of narrowing is directly related to the risk of stroke. […] All patients identified with carotid artery disease (or with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease in general) should be treated with control of these risk factors.

• #71 Carotid Artery Disease – Northern Sydney Vascular

  https://northernsydneyvascular.com.au/treated-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is the most common cause of stroke, which remains one of the most disabling conditions in our society. Many strokes could be avoided with early recognition and treatment of carotid artery disease. […] The first part of diagnosis is to recognise either those at risk or the warning symptoms (TIAs above). Those most at risk include males over 55 years of age, history of previous smoking, known heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of heart attack or stroke. Patients with any of these risk factors should be considered for screening of their carotid arteries which can be done simply and non-invasively with good vascular ultrasound. This provides an accurate estimation of the degree of narrowing caused by the plaque. The severity of narrowing is directly related to the risk of stroke. […] All patients identified with carotid artery disease (or with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease in general) should be treated with control of these risk factors.

• #72 Carotid Artery Disease – Northern Sydney Vascular

  https://northernsydneyvascular.com.au/treated-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is the most common cause of stroke, which remains one of the most disabling conditions in our society. Many strokes could be avoided with early recognition and treatment of carotid artery disease. […] The first part of diagnosis is to recognise either those at risk or the warning symptoms (TIAs above). Those most at risk include males over 55 years of age, history of previous smoking, known heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of heart attack or stroke. Patients with any of these risk factors should be considered for screening of their carotid arteries which can be done simply and non-invasively with good vascular ultrasound. This provides an accurate estimation of the degree of narrowing caused by the plaque. The severity of narrowing is directly related to the risk of stroke. […] All patients identified with carotid artery disease (or with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease in general) should be treated with control of these risk factors.

• #73 Carotid Artery Disease – Northern Sydney Vascular

  https://northernsydneyvascular.com.au/treated-conditions/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is the most common cause of stroke, which remains one of the most disabling conditions in our society. Many strokes could be avoided with early recognition and treatment of carotid artery disease. […] The first part of diagnosis is to recognise either those at risk or the warning symptoms (TIAs above). Those most at risk include males over 55 years of age, history of previous smoking, known heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, family history of heart attack or stroke. Patients with any of these risk factors should be considered for screening of their carotid arteries which can be done simply and non-invasively with good vascular ultrasound. This provides an accurate estimation of the degree of narrowing caused by the plaque. The severity of narrowing is directly related to the risk of stroke. […] All patients identified with carotid artery disease (or with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease in general) should be treated with control of these risk factors.

• #74

  https://journals.lww.com/neur/fulltext/2017/65020/prevalence_and_risk_factors_of_asymptomatic.15.aspx

  Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is a marker for cerebrovascular disease, coronary atherosclerosis, and death. […] The prevalence of significant carotid stenosis was 5.2%. […] Our study suggests that 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals 40 years of age harbor significant extracranial carotid artery disease. Presence of multiple vascular risk factors markedly increases the risk of carotid stenosis. […] Atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) is a major risk factors for stroke and is the causative factor in approximately 30% of all ischemic strokes. […] Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) of more than 50% has a 26% annual risk of stroke. […] To combat the disease morbidity and mortality, it is important to screen high-risk individuals for significant ACAS and treat them with medications, intervention, or surgery, or to monitor them with serial surveillance. […] The present study found significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis in 5.2% of Indian participants. […] Our study has established that conventional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia are independently associated with significant extracranial CAS.

• #75 Carotid Artery Disease | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have CAD. Your risk increases as you age and if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. CAD is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] About 700,000 strokes occur every year. Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. […] If your doctor thinks you might have CAD, they will recommend a noninvasive carotid duplex ultrasound exam. The ultrasound results will confirm if you have CAD and its severity. […] If CAD is confirmed or suspected, you may be referred to a vascular surgeon. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, and all of the procedural options (surgery, stents) to treat CAD.

• #76 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  There are several tools for diagnosing carotid artery disease. […] Doppler ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to check blood flow and measure artery thickness and is the least expensive, noninvasive method of confirming the diagnosis. […] Digital Subtraction Angiography, a way to x-ray the carotid artery has for years and continues to be the most accurate method of confirming the extent of disease present in the carotid arteries. […] Treatment options for carotid artery disease include lifestyle changes, medication, surgery and endovascular angioplasty and stenting. […] Vascular surgeons (specialists) have managed both the medical and surgical disorders related to peripheral vascular disease and have traditionally cared for those with carotid artery disease and thus are the physicians with the most experience in managing carotid disease. […] If you have carotid artery disease or fear that you may have had symptoms related to carotid disease, it is vital that you seek care with your primary physician or vascular specialist.

• #77 Carotid Artery Disease | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have CAD. Your risk increases as you age and if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. CAD is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] About 700,000 strokes occur every year. Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. […] If your doctor thinks you might have CAD, they will recommend a noninvasive carotid duplex ultrasound exam. The ultrasound results will confirm if you have CAD and its severity. […] If CAD is confirmed or suspected, you may be referred to a vascular surgeon. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, and all of the procedural options (surgery, stents) to treat CAD.

• #78 Carotid Artery Disease – Nevada Vein And Vascular

  https://www.nevadavascular.com/disease/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is also called carotid artery stenosis. Stenosis is the medical term for narrowing, or blockage and it can be used to refer to a blockage in any blood vessel. […] Carotid disease is usually diagnosed with a non-invasive ultrasound test called a carotid duplex exam. […] Once diagnosed, carotid artery disease is classified as mild, moderate, and severe depending on the percent stenosis. Mild is 1-49%, moderate is 50-69%, and severe is generally considered any blockage over 70%. […] At Nevada Vein and Vascular, we perform carotid screening ultrasounds and offer all of our patients surveillance imaging in accordance with Society of Vascular Surgery guidelines. […] Patients with carotid disease should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon because surveillance is important. If a patient is found to have mild or moderate disease, surveillance ultrasounds should be performed every 6 months to one year.

• #79 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  There are several tools for diagnosing carotid artery disease. […] Doppler ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to check blood flow and measure artery thickness and is the least expensive, noninvasive method of confirming the diagnosis. […] Digital Subtraction Angiography, a way to x-ray the carotid artery has for years and continues to be the most accurate method of confirming the extent of disease present in the carotid arteries. […] Treatment options for carotid artery disease include lifestyle changes, medication, surgery and endovascular angioplasty and stenting. […] Vascular surgeons (specialists) have managed both the medical and surgical disorders related to peripheral vascular disease and have traditionally cared for those with carotid artery disease and thus are the physicians with the most experience in managing carotid disease. […] If you have carotid artery disease or fear that you may have had symptoms related to carotid disease, it is vital that you seek care with your primary physician or vascular specialist.

• #80 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  There are several tools for diagnosing carotid artery disease. […] Doppler ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to check blood flow and measure artery thickness and is the least expensive, noninvasive method of confirming the diagnosis. […] Digital Subtraction Angiography, a way to x-ray the carotid artery has for years and continues to be the most accurate method of confirming the extent of disease present in the carotid arteries. […] Treatment options for carotid artery disease include lifestyle changes, medication, surgery and endovascular angioplasty and stenting. […] Vascular surgeons (specialists) have managed both the medical and surgical disorders related to peripheral vascular disease and have traditionally cared for those with carotid artery disease and thus are the physicians with the most experience in managing carotid disease. […] If you have carotid artery disease or fear that you may have had symptoms related to carotid disease, it is vital that you seek care with your primary physician or vascular specialist.

• #81 Carotid Artery Disease – Southern California Multi-Specialty Center

  https://scmsc.com/vascular-surgery/vascular-conditions-treated/carotid-artery-disease/

  In carotid artery disease, plaque and fatty deposits build up in the carotid artery, reducing blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid artery disease is estimated to be the source of stroke in up to a third of cases, with 427,000 new diagnoses of the disease made every year in the United States alone. […] A number of different tests may be used to confirm a diagnosis of carotid artery disease, including duplex ultrasound, MRI, MRA, CTA, or a carotid angiogram. […] Your physician may perform one of a number of different tests to confirm a diagnosis of carotid artery disease, including duplex ultrasound, MRI, MRA, CTA, or a carotid angiogram. […] It is important to choose an expert in carotid artery surgery if surgical intervention is recommended. One of the complications of carotid intervention is stroke. […] The new TCAR procedure is designed to greatly reduce the risk of stroke in these procedures.

• #82 Carotid Artery Disease – Southern California Multi-Specialty Center

  https://scmsc.com/vascular-surgery/vascular-conditions-treated/carotid-artery-disease/

  In carotid artery disease, plaque and fatty deposits build up in the carotid artery, reducing blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid artery disease is estimated to be the source of stroke in up to a third of cases, with 427,000 new diagnoses of the disease made every year in the United States alone. […] A number of different tests may be used to confirm a diagnosis of carotid artery disease, including duplex ultrasound, MRI, MRA, CTA, or a carotid angiogram. […] Your physician may perform one of a number of different tests to confirm a diagnosis of carotid artery disease, including duplex ultrasound, MRI, MRA, CTA, or a carotid angiogram. […] It is important to choose an expert in carotid artery surgery if surgical intervention is recommended. One of the complications of carotid intervention is stroke. […] The new TCAR procedure is designed to greatly reduce the risk of stroke in these procedures.

• #83 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  The intima-media thickness (IMT) and its irregularities or ulcerations in the common carotid artery (CCA) are useful tools as sentinel biomarkers for the integrity of the cardiovascular system. […] This study highlights the role of different kinds of biomarkers, showing their usefulness and potentiality in multi-district atherosclerotic patients, especially for early diagnosis and therapy effectiveness monitoring. […] A retrospective analysis performed from September 2021 to August 2022, of patients with carotid artery disease, was performed. […] The outcomes showed an increased risk of stroke in patients with significative carotid artery disease, nonresponsive to therapy, monitored through a series of serum biomarkers (homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and oxidized LDL). […] The current study aims to report our experience in patient management with any grade of carotid disease and the correlation with cardiovascular disease and biomarker findings.

• #84 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  The intima-media thickness (IMT) and its irregularities or ulcerations in the common carotid artery (CCA) are useful tools as sentinel biomarkers for the integrity of the cardiovascular system. […] This study highlights the role of different kinds of biomarkers, showing their usefulness and potentiality in multi-district atherosclerotic patients, especially for early diagnosis and therapy effectiveness monitoring. […] A retrospective analysis performed from September 2021 to August 2022, of patients with carotid artery disease, was performed. […] The outcomes showed an increased risk of stroke in patients with significative carotid artery disease, nonresponsive to therapy, monitored through a series of serum biomarkers (homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and oxidized LDL). […] The current study aims to report our experience in patient management with any grade of carotid disease and the correlation with cardiovascular disease and biomarker findings.

• #85 Carotid Artery Disease – Nevada Vein And Vascular

  https://www.nevadavascular.com/disease/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is also called carotid artery stenosis. Stenosis is the medical term for narrowing, or blockage and it can be used to refer to a blockage in any blood vessel. […] Carotid disease is usually diagnosed with a non-invasive ultrasound test called a carotid duplex exam. […] Once diagnosed, carotid artery disease is classified as mild, moderate, and severe depending on the percent stenosis. Mild is 1-49%, moderate is 50-69%, and severe is generally considered any blockage over 70%. […] At Nevada Vein and Vascular, we perform carotid screening ultrasounds and offer all of our patients surveillance imaging in accordance with Society of Vascular Surgery guidelines. […] Patients with carotid disease should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon because surveillance is important. If a patient is found to have mild or moderate disease, surveillance ultrasounds should be performed every 6 months to one year.

• #86 Carotid Artery Disease Treatment Sydney | CAD | Sydney

  https://www.sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au/carotid-artery-disease.html

  Carotid Artery Disease is the result of the main carotid arteries becoming partially or fully blocked with this waxy plaque, preventing adequate blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid Artery Disease that is under surveillance should be monitored closely with ultrasound and reviewed by your doctor. […] Everyone with Carotid Artery Disease should be under surveillance to monitor whether the disease is progressing or not, so that treatment can be provided as soon as possible. […] The risks of leaving CAD unmonitored or untreated can be life-altering due to stroke, or fatal. […] Once detected, CAD should be monitored on a regular basis by ultrasound and under the guidance of a Vascular Surgeon.

• #87 Carotid Artery Disease – Nevada Vein And Vascular

  https://www.nevadavascular.com/disease/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is also called carotid artery stenosis. Stenosis is the medical term for narrowing, or blockage and it can be used to refer to a blockage in any blood vessel. […] Carotid disease is usually diagnosed with a non-invasive ultrasound test called a carotid duplex exam. […] Once diagnosed, carotid artery disease is classified as mild, moderate, and severe depending on the percent stenosis. Mild is 1-49%, moderate is 50-69%, and severe is generally considered any blockage over 70%. […] At Nevada Vein and Vascular, we perform carotid screening ultrasounds and offer all of our patients surveillance imaging in accordance with Society of Vascular Surgery guidelines. […] Patients with carotid disease should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon because surveillance is important. If a patient is found to have mild or moderate disease, surveillance ultrasounds should be performed every 6 months to one year.

• #88 Carotid Artery Disease Treatment Sydney | CAD | Sydney

  https://www.sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au/carotid-artery-disease.html

  Carotid Artery Disease is the result of the main carotid arteries becoming partially or fully blocked with this waxy plaque, preventing adequate blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid Artery Disease that is under surveillance should be monitored closely with ultrasound and reviewed by your doctor. […] Everyone with Carotid Artery Disease should be under surveillance to monitor whether the disease is progressing or not, so that treatment can be provided as soon as possible. […] The risks of leaving CAD unmonitored or untreated can be life-altering due to stroke, or fatal. […] Once detected, CAD should be monitored on a regular basis by ultrasound and under the guidance of a Vascular Surgeon.

• #89 Carotid Artery Disease – Nevada Vein And Vascular

  https://www.nevadavascular.com/disease/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is also called carotid artery stenosis. Stenosis is the medical term for narrowing, or blockage and it can be used to refer to a blockage in any blood vessel. […] Carotid disease is usually diagnosed with a non-invasive ultrasound test called a carotid duplex exam. […] Once diagnosed, carotid artery disease is classified as mild, moderate, and severe depending on the percent stenosis. Mild is 1-49%, moderate is 50-69%, and severe is generally considered any blockage over 70%. […] At Nevada Vein and Vascular, we perform carotid screening ultrasounds and offer all of our patients surveillance imaging in accordance with Society of Vascular Surgery guidelines. […] Patients with carotid disease should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon because surveillance is important. If a patient is found to have mild or moderate disease, surveillance ultrasounds should be performed every 6 months to one year.

• #90 Carotid Artery Disease – Nevada Vein And Vascular

  https://www.nevadavascular.com/disease/carotid-artery-disease/

  Carotid artery disease is also called carotid artery stenosis. Stenosis is the medical term for narrowing, or blockage and it can be used to refer to a blockage in any blood vessel. […] Carotid disease is usually diagnosed with a non-invasive ultrasound test called a carotid duplex exam. […] Once diagnosed, carotid artery disease is classified as mild, moderate, and severe depending on the percent stenosis. Mild is 1-49%, moderate is 50-69%, and severe is generally considered any blockage over 70%. […] At Nevada Vein and Vascular, we perform carotid screening ultrasounds and offer all of our patients surveillance imaging in accordance with Society of Vascular Surgery guidelines. […] Patients with carotid disease should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon because surveillance is important. If a patient is found to have mild or moderate disease, surveillance ultrasounds should be performed every 6 months to one year.

• #91 Carotid Artery Disease Treatment Sydney | CAD | Sydney

  https://www.sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au/carotid-artery-disease.html

  Carotid Artery Disease is the result of the main carotid arteries becoming partially or fully blocked with this waxy plaque, preventing adequate blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid Artery Disease that is under surveillance should be monitored closely with ultrasound and reviewed by your doctor. […] Everyone with Carotid Artery Disease should be under surveillance to monitor whether the disease is progressing or not, so that treatment can be provided as soon as possible. […] The risks of leaving CAD unmonitored or untreated can be life-altering due to stroke, or fatal. […] Once detected, CAD should be monitored on a regular basis by ultrasound and under the guidance of a Vascular Surgeon.

• #92 Carotid Artery Disease Treatment Sydney | CAD | Sydney

  https://www.sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au/carotid-artery-disease.html

  Carotid Artery Disease is the result of the main carotid arteries becoming partially or fully blocked with this waxy plaque, preventing adequate blood flow to the brain. […] Carotid Artery Disease that is under surveillance should be monitored closely with ultrasound and reviewed by your doctor. […] Everyone with Carotid Artery Disease should be under surveillance to monitor whether the disease is progressing or not, so that treatment can be provided as soon as possible. […] The risks of leaving CAD unmonitored or untreated can be life-altering due to stroke, or fatal. […] Once detected, CAD should be monitored on a regular basis by ultrasound and under the guidance of a Vascular Surgeon.

• #93 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  The intima-media thickness (IMT) and its irregularities or ulcerations in the common carotid artery (CCA) are useful tools as sentinel biomarkers for the integrity of the cardiovascular system. […] This study highlights the role of different kinds of biomarkers, showing their usefulness and potentiality in multi-district atherosclerotic patients, especially for early diagnosis and therapy effectiveness monitoring. […] A retrospective analysis performed from September 2021 to August 2022, of patients with carotid artery disease, was performed. […] The outcomes showed an increased risk of stroke in patients with significative carotid artery disease, nonresponsive to therapy, monitored through a series of serum biomarkers (homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and oxidized LDL). […] The current study aims to report our experience in patient management with any grade of carotid disease and the correlation with cardiovascular disease and biomarker findings.

• #94 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  Our study shows a correlation between the progression of CAAD and cardiologic risk. […] Statistically significative (p < 0.05) was the difference in the response rate of biomarkers between advanced CAAD and the other groups after the best medical therapy. [...] The increase in serum biomarkers according to the worsening of DUS biomarkers could be used further as discriminating factors in the therapeutic path to allow the best choice for the patient. [...] The presence of PAD and its close connection with CAAD and coronary disease is another element that emerges in this analysis. [...] The reported study shows that ultrasound biomarkers and serum biomarkers can be used simply to follow asymptomatic patients with an evolutive risk of stroke.

• #95 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  Our study shows a correlation between the progression of CAAD and cardiologic risk. […] Statistically significative (p < 0.05) was the difference in the response rate of biomarkers between advanced CAAD and the other groups after the best medical therapy. [...] The increase in serum biomarkers according to the worsening of DUS biomarkers could be used further as discriminating factors in the therapeutic path to allow the best choice for the patient. [...] The presence of PAD and its close connection with CAAD and coronary disease is another element that emerges in this analysis. [...] The reported study shows that ultrasound biomarkers and serum biomarkers can be used simply to follow asymptomatic patients with an evolutive risk of stroke.

• #96 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  Our study shows a correlation between the progression of CAAD and cardiologic risk. […] Statistically significative (p < 0.05) was the difference in the response rate of biomarkers between advanced CAAD and the other groups after the best medical therapy. [...] The increase in serum biomarkers according to the worsening of DUS biomarkers could be used further as discriminating factors in the therapeutic path to allow the best choice for the patient. [...] The presence of PAD and its close connection with CAAD and coronary disease is another element that emerges in this analysis. [...] The reported study shows that ultrasound biomarkers and serum biomarkers can be used simply to follow asymptomatic patients with an evolutive risk of stroke.

• #97 SciELO Brazil – Approach to concurrent coronary and carotid artery disease: Epidemiology, screening and treatment Approach to concurrent coronary and carotid artery disease: Epidemiology, screening and treatment

  https://www.scielo.br/j/ramb/a/MPCGKgvZgzPxgYL5MyF6QVr/

  The concomitance between coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease is known and well documented. […] Currently, there is a strong tendency to request USG carotid Doppler as part of preoperative assessment of CABG. In patients undergoing CABG, the prevalence of major carotid disease is known to range from 2.8 to 22%. […] Despite the strong association between diseases, the incidence of CVA in patients submitted to CABG is low, varying from 1.3 to 2.0%. […] Risk factors for perioperative CVA are: previous CVA or transient ischemic attacks (TIA), peripheral arterial disease, systemic arterial hypertension, advanced age ( 65 years), left ventricular dysfunction, obstructive carotid disease and atrial fibrillation. […] Doppler USG has proved to be a very accurate test in the quantification and definition of carotid disease, and it is useful to define patients with a high risk of atherothrombotic events ranging from 3%, in the case of asymptomatic patients with unilateral stenosis from 70 to 99%, to 7-11% in carotid occlusion. […] The association of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis is very prevalent, with no consensus to date on which sequence of surgical approaches is the safest.

• #98 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  Our study shows a correlation between the progression of CAAD and cardiologic risk. […] Statistically significative (p < 0.05) was the difference in the response rate of biomarkers between advanced CAAD and the other groups after the best medical therapy. [...] The increase in serum biomarkers according to the worsening of DUS biomarkers could be used further as discriminating factors in the therapeutic path to allow the best choice for the patient. [...] The presence of PAD and its close connection with CAAD and coronary disease is another element that emerges in this analysis. [...] The reported study shows that ultrasound biomarkers and serum biomarkers can be used simply to follow asymptomatic patients with an evolutive risk of stroke.

• #99 SciELO Brazil – Approach to concurrent coronary and carotid artery disease: Epidemiology, screening and treatment Approach to concurrent coronary and carotid artery disease: Epidemiology, screening and treatment

  https://www.scielo.br/j/ramb/a/MPCGKgvZgzPxgYL5MyF6QVr/

  The concomitance between coronary artery disease and carotid artery disease is known and well documented. […] Currently, there is a strong tendency to request USG carotid Doppler as part of preoperative assessment of CABG. In patients undergoing CABG, the prevalence of major carotid disease is known to range from 2.8 to 22%. […] Despite the strong association between diseases, the incidence of CVA in patients submitted to CABG is low, varying from 1.3 to 2.0%. […] Risk factors for perioperative CVA are: previous CVA or transient ischemic attacks (TIA), peripheral arterial disease, systemic arterial hypertension, advanced age ( 65 years), left ventricular dysfunction, obstructive carotid disease and atrial fibrillation. […] Doppler USG has proved to be a very accurate test in the quantification and definition of carotid disease, and it is useful to define patients with a high risk of atherothrombotic events ranging from 3%, in the case of asymptomatic patients with unilateral stenosis from 70 to 99%, to 7-11% in carotid occlusion. […] The association of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis is very prevalent, with no consensus to date on which sequence of surgical approaches is the safest.

• #100 Carotid Artery Stenosis information | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/carotid-artery-stenosis

  Carotid artery stenosis accounts for approximately 20% of cases of acute ischaemic stroke. […] Moderate-to-severe asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis occurs in 2-5% of European women and 2-8% of European men aged over 60 years. The prevalence is much higher in high-risk groups. […] Carotid arterial stenosis is associated with all presentations of cardiovascular disease (including CVEs, angina, acute coronary syndrome and peripheral arterial disease) as well as conditions predisposing to cardiovascular disease (including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia). […] Studies have found that ipsilateral stroke rates associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis are less than 1% a year. However, there is a greater risk of death from coronary heart disease.

• #101 Carotid Artery Disease in the Era of Biomarkers: A Pilot Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/644

  Our study shows a correlation between the progression of CAAD and cardiologic risk. […] Statistically significative (p < 0.05) was the difference in the response rate of biomarkers between advanced CAAD and the other groups after the best medical therapy. [...] The increase in serum biomarkers according to the worsening of DUS biomarkers could be used further as discriminating factors in the therapeutic path to allow the best choice for the patient. [...] The presence of PAD and its close connection with CAAD and coronary disease is another element that emerges in this analysis. [...] The reported study shows that ultrasound biomarkers and serum biomarkers can be used simply to follow asymptomatic patients with an evolutive risk of stroke.

• #102 Leg ischaemia – a marker for coronary and carotid artery disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-1/Leg-ischaemia-a-marker-for-coronary-and-carotid-artery-disease-Title-Leg-is

  Patients with peripheral artery disease are at high risk due to undetected coronary and/or carotid artery disease. […] Mortality is largely due to associated coronary (65%) or carotid artery disease (10%) and much less to PAD itself. […] Indeed, prevalence of coronary disease in PAD patients ranges between 34 and 58% and 20 to 40% have a significant carotid artery stenosis. […] PAD can be seen as a strong indicator for coronary and/or carotid disease.

• #103 Leg ischaemia – a marker for coronary and carotid artery disease

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-1/Leg-ischaemia-a-marker-for-coronary-and-carotid-artery-disease-Title-Leg-is

  Patients with peripheral artery disease are at high risk due to undetected coronary and/or carotid artery disease. […] Mortality is largely due to associated coronary (65%) or carotid artery disease (10%) and much less to PAD itself. […] Indeed, prevalence of coronary disease in PAD patients ranges between 34 and 58% and 20 to 40% have a significant carotid artery stenosis. […] PAD can be seen as a strong indicator for coronary and/or carotid disease.

• #104 Micronanoplastics found in artery-clogging plaque in the neck | Nasdaq

  https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/micronanoplastics-found-artery-clogging-plaque-neck-2025-04-22

  A small study found that fatty buildup in the blood vessels of the neck (carotid arteries) may contain 50 times or more micronanoplastics — minuscule bits of plastic — compared to arteries free of plaque buildup. Plaque, the fatty deposits that can narrow the carotid artery, may cause a stroke. […] People with plaque in the blood vessels of their neck have a higher amount of tiny plastic particles in those vessels compared to people with healthy arteries. This increase was significantly higher in people who had experienced a stroke, mini-stroke or temporary loss of vision due to clogged blood vessels, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association’s Vascular Discovery 2025 Scientific Sessions: From Genes to Medicine, April 22-25 in Baltimore. […] In 2024, researchers in Italy reported finding micronanoplastics in plaque from some people without symptoms who underwent surgery to remove carotid artery plaque. Symptoms caused by carotid plaque buildup may include stroke, mini-stroke or temporary blindness. Followed for almost three years after surgery, people with micronanoplastics in their carotid plaque were significantly more likely to die or to have a non-fatal heart attack or stroke.

• #105 Micronanoplastics found in artery-clogging plaque in the neck | Nasdaq

  https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/micronanoplastics-found-artery-clogging-plaque-neck-2025-04-22

  A small study found that fatty buildup in the blood vessels of the neck (carotid arteries) may contain 50 times or more micronanoplastics — minuscule bits of plastic — compared to arteries free of plaque buildup. Plaque, the fatty deposits that can narrow the carotid artery, may cause a stroke. […] People with plaque in the blood vessels of their neck have a higher amount of tiny plastic particles in those vessels compared to people with healthy arteries. This increase was significantly higher in people who had experienced a stroke, mini-stroke or temporary loss of vision due to clogged blood vessels, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association’s Vascular Discovery 2025 Scientific Sessions: From Genes to Medicine, April 22-25 in Baltimore. […] In 2024, researchers in Italy reported finding micronanoplastics in plaque from some people without symptoms who underwent surgery to remove carotid artery plaque. Symptoms caused by carotid plaque buildup may include stroke, mini-stroke or temporary blindness. Followed for almost three years after surgery, people with micronanoplastics in their carotid plaque were significantly more likely to die or to have a non-fatal heart attack or stroke.

• #106 Micronanoplastics found in artery-clogging plaque in the neck | Nasdaq

  https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/micronanoplastics-found-artery-clogging-plaque-neck-2025-04-22

  A small study found that fatty buildup in the blood vessels of the neck (carotid arteries) may contain 50 times or more micronanoplastics — minuscule bits of plastic — compared to arteries free of plaque buildup. Plaque, the fatty deposits that can narrow the carotid artery, may cause a stroke. […] People with plaque in the blood vessels of their neck have a higher amount of tiny plastic particles in those vessels compared to people with healthy arteries. This increase was significantly higher in people who had experienced a stroke, mini-stroke or temporary loss of vision due to clogged blood vessels, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association’s Vascular Discovery 2025 Scientific Sessions: From Genes to Medicine, April 22-25 in Baltimore. […] In 2024, researchers in Italy reported finding micronanoplastics in plaque from some people without symptoms who underwent surgery to remove carotid artery plaque. Symptoms caused by carotid plaque buildup may include stroke, mini-stroke or temporary blindness. Followed for almost three years after surgery, people with micronanoplastics in their carotid plaque were significantly more likely to die or to have a non-fatal heart attack or stroke.

• #107 Micronanoplastics found in artery-clogging plaque in the neck | Nasdaq

  https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/micronanoplastics-found-artery-clogging-plaque-neck-2025-04-22

  A small study found that fatty buildup in the blood vessels of the neck (carotid arteries) may contain 50 times or more micronanoplastics — minuscule bits of plastic — compared to arteries free of plaque buildup. Plaque, the fatty deposits that can narrow the carotid artery, may cause a stroke. […] People with plaque in the blood vessels of their neck have a higher amount of tiny plastic particles in those vessels compared to people with healthy arteries. This increase was significantly higher in people who had experienced a stroke, mini-stroke or temporary loss of vision due to clogged blood vessels, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association’s Vascular Discovery 2025 Scientific Sessions: From Genes to Medicine, April 22-25 in Baltimore. […] In 2024, researchers in Italy reported finding micronanoplastics in plaque from some people without symptoms who underwent surgery to remove carotid artery plaque. Symptoms caused by carotid plaque buildup may include stroke, mini-stroke or temporary blindness. Followed for almost three years after surgery, people with micronanoplastics in their carotid plaque were significantly more likely to die or to have a non-fatal heart attack or stroke.

• #108 Micronanoplastics found in artery-clogging plaque in the neck | Nasdaq

  https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/micronanoplastics-found-artery-clogging-plaque-neck-2025-04-22

  The current study, which included fewer than 50 participants, was built on the previous research conducted in Italy. Researchers compared the levels of micronanoplastics found in the carotid arteries of three groups: people with healthy arteries; those with plaque but no symptoms; and those experiencing symptoms due to plaque buildup. […] „These findings indicate that the biological effects of micronanoplastics on fatty deposits are more complex and nuanced than simply causing sudden inflammation,” Clark said. In their next phase of work, they will focus on better understanding the immunological effects of micronanoplastics in clogged arteries. […] „This is a very interesting and troubling study. To date, we have not considered exposure to plastic micronanoparticles a modifiable risk factor for stroke. Although it is important to understand the mechanism at play in the pathophysiology of symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis, this association presents a novel potential target for stroke prevention,” said Karen L. Furie, M.D., M.P.H., FAHA, volunteer vice chair of the American Heart Association Stroke Brain Health Science Subcommittee and professor and chair of neurology at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Furie was not involved in this study.

• #109 Volume 4, Number 4—December 1998 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/4/4/table-of-contents

  Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease. The spectrum of C. pneumoniae infection has been extended to atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Seroepidemiologic studies have associated C. pneumoniae antibody with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, carotid artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. […] The association of C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is corroborated by the presence of the organism in atherosclerotic lesions throughout the arterial tree and the near absence of the organism in healthy arterial tissue. C. pneumoniae has also been isolated from coronary and carotid atheromatous plaques.

• #110 Volume 4, Number 4—December 1998 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/4/4/table-of-contents

  Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease. The spectrum of C. pneumoniae infection has been extended to atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Seroepidemiologic studies have associated C. pneumoniae antibody with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, carotid artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. […] The association of C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is corroborated by the presence of the organism in atherosclerotic lesions throughout the arterial tree and the near absence of the organism in healthy arterial tissue. C. pneumoniae has also been isolated from coronary and carotid atheromatous plaques.

• #111 Volume 4, Number 4—December 1998 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/4/4/table-of-contents

  Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease. The spectrum of C. pneumoniae infection has been extended to atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Seroepidemiologic studies have associated C. pneumoniae antibody with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, carotid artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. […] The association of C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is corroborated by the presence of the organism in atherosclerotic lesions throughout the arterial tree and the near absence of the organism in healthy arterial tissue. C. pneumoniae has also been isolated from coronary and carotid atheromatous plaques.

• #112 Volume 4, Number 4—December 1998 – Emerging Infectious Diseases journal – CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/articles/issue/4/4/table-of-contents

  Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease. The spectrum of C. pneumoniae infection has been extended to atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Seroepidemiologic studies have associated C. pneumoniae antibody with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, carotid artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. […] The association of C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is corroborated by the presence of the organism in atherosclerotic lesions throughout the arterial tree and the near absence of the organism in healthy arterial tissue. C. pneumoniae has also been isolated from coronary and carotid atheromatous plaques.

• #113 Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463147-overview

  Stroke from any cause represents the third leading cause of death in the United States. About 610,000 new strokes occur each year in the United States, and about 185,000 occur in people who have previously had a stroke. […] Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Between 2014 and 2015, the direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was estimated at nearly $46 billion.

• #114 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #115 Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463147-overview

  Stroke from any cause represents the third leading cause of death in the United States. About 610,000 new strokes occur each year in the United States, and about 185,000 occur in people who have previously had a stroke. […] Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Between 2014 and 2015, the direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was estimated at nearly $46 billion.

• #116 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #117 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #118 Carotid Artery Disease | Society for Vascular Surgery

  https://vascular.org/your-vascular-health/vascular-conditions/common-conditions/carotid-artery-disease

  Up to 3% of individuals older than 65 have CAD. Your risk increases as you age and if you have a history of smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or heart disease. CAD is responsible for up to one-third of all strokes. […] About 700,000 strokes occur every year. Stroke causes 1 in every 15 deaths. […] If your doctor thinks you might have CAD, they will recommend a noninvasive carotid duplex ultrasound exam. The ultrasound results will confirm if you have CAD and its severity. […] If CAD is confirmed or suspected, you may be referred to a vascular surgeon. Vascular surgeons are experts in the diagnosis, medical management, and all of the procedural options (surgery, stents) to treat CAD.

• #119 Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463147-overview

  Stroke from any cause represents the third leading cause of death in the United States. About 610,000 new strokes occur each year in the United States, and about 185,000 occur in people who have previously had a stroke. […] Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Between 2014 and 2015, the direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was estimated at nearly $46 billion.

• #120 Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463147-overview

  Stroke from any cause represents the third leading cause of death in the United States. About 610,000 new strokes occur each year in the United States, and about 185,000 occur in people who have previously had a stroke. […] Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Between 2014 and 2015, the direct and indirect cost of stroke in the United States was estimated at nearly $46 billion.

• #121 Carotid Artery Disease and Stroke – Baton Rouge Vascular Specialty Center

  https://brvsc.com/carotid-artery-disease-stroke/

  Every 45 seconds, someone suffers a stroke in the United States. It is the third leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer. As our population ages, more individuals will be at risk for suffering a stroke. […] For this reason, control of blood pressure and surveillance for carotid artery blockage are the most effective means of avoiding stroke. […] There are specific risk factors for the development of carotid disease. These risk factors are the same as those that lead to development of coronary artery disease: high blood pressure, diabetes, high levels of bad cholesterol, smoking, family history of coronary or carotid artery disease and lack of exercise. […] Carotid artery disease often has no symptoms. But a transient ischemic attack (TIA, sometimes called a mini-stroke) is a warning that you might soon have a stroke.

• #122

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-024-1088-0

  Stroke is a critical health issue in China, and carotid artery stenosis and plaque play key roles in its prevalence. […] This study analyzed data from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program for 20202021, focusing on 194 878 Chinese adults aged 40 years and above. It assessed the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and plaque and identified their associated risk factors. Results revealed a standardized prevalence of 0.40% for carotid artery stenosis and 36.27% for carotid plaque. Notably, the highest rates of stenosis were observed in north and south China at 0.61%, while southwestern China exhibited the highest plaque prevalence at 43.17%. Key risk factors included older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, smoking, and atrial fibrillation.

• #123 Prevalence and correlates of carotid artery stenosis in a cohort of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-021-02415-1

  Carotid stenosis is a minor cause of ischemic stroke in Sri Lankans compared to western populations with only 4.0% having CAS50 and 3.5% eligible for carotid endarterectomy. […] Large artery atherosclerotic disease is an important cause of stroke, accounting for 1546% of ischaemic strokes in population-based studies. […] Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is known to be more associated with White patients and is less among Black or Asian patients. […] We report the first data on CAS in Sri Lankan patients with ischaemic stroke. Clinically significant CAS of 50% and 7099% is seen among 4.0 and 1.3% of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients, respectively. These figures are much lower compared to Western data, and further research is needed to understand the reasons behind the low prevalence rates in our patients. Our findings have implications in the uptake of western guidelines on acute stroke management in Sri Lankan stroke patients. Cost-effectiveness in urgent carotid imaging in all patients with TIA or stroke is questionable in Sri Lankans including South Asians and probably we need to adopt western guidelines with suitable amendments to suit local disease epidemiology.

• #124

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-024-1088-0

  Stroke is a critical health issue in China, and carotid artery stenosis and plaque play key roles in its prevalence. […] This study analyzed data from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program for 20202021, focusing on 194 878 Chinese adults aged 40 years and above. It assessed the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and plaque and identified their associated risk factors. Results revealed a standardized prevalence of 0.40% for carotid artery stenosis and 36.27% for carotid plaque. Notably, the highest rates of stenosis were observed in north and south China at 0.61%, while southwestern China exhibited the highest plaque prevalence at 43.17%. Key risk factors included older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, smoking, and atrial fibrillation.

• #125

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11684-024-1088-0

  Stroke is a critical health issue in China, and carotid artery stenosis and plaque play key roles in its prevalence. […] This study analyzed data from the China Stroke High-risk Population Screening and Intervention Program for 20202021, focusing on 194 878 Chinese adults aged 40 years and above. It assessed the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis and plaque and identified their associated risk factors. Results revealed a standardized prevalence of 0.40% for carotid artery stenosis and 36.27% for carotid plaque. Notably, the highest rates of stenosis were observed in north and south China at 0.61%, while southwestern China exhibited the highest plaque prevalence at 43.17%. Key risk factors included older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, smoking, and atrial fibrillation.

• #126 Prevalence and correlates of carotid artery stenosis in a cohort of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-021-02415-1

  Carotid stenosis is a minor cause of ischemic stroke in Sri Lankans compared to western populations with only 4.0% having CAS50 and 3.5% eligible for carotid endarterectomy. […] Large artery atherosclerotic disease is an important cause of stroke, accounting for 1546% of ischaemic strokes in population-based studies. […] Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is known to be more associated with White patients and is less among Black or Asian patients. […] We report the first data on CAS in Sri Lankan patients with ischaemic stroke. Clinically significant CAS of 50% and 7099% is seen among 4.0 and 1.3% of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients, respectively. These figures are much lower compared to Western data, and further research is needed to understand the reasons behind the low prevalence rates in our patients. Our findings have implications in the uptake of western guidelines on acute stroke management in Sri Lankan stroke patients. Cost-effectiveness in urgent carotid imaging in all patients with TIA or stroke is questionable in Sri Lankans including South Asians and probably we need to adopt western guidelines with suitable amendments to suit local disease epidemiology.

• #127 Frequency and risk factors of carotid artery disease among ischemic stroke patients in the south Egypt: hospital-based study | The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery | Full Text

  https://ejnpn.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41983-021-00382-5

  119 patients (64.3%) out of 185 patients showed extracranial carotid atherosclerotic changes. […] The frequency was higher than population in the Cairo region as atherosclerotic carotid artery disease was present in 41% of the study population. […] Our frequency was higher than population in the Iran (49%) and Pakistan (56%) of stroke patients. […] The significant extracranial atherosclerosis was observed in 44 patients (23.8%), most of them were males 43 (97.7%) and older than 60 years (95.5%). […] The hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking were the most important modifiable vascular risk factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis and the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis of our data showed that Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking are independent predictors of severe carotid atherosclerosis (70%). […] The high prevalence rates of the vascular risk factors among population in the south Egypt could explain the higher frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in the south Egypt, as 23.8% showed significant carotid stenosis (7099%), while 40.5% showed insignificant stenosis (70%).

• #128 Prevalence and correlates of carotid artery stenosis in a cohort of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients | BMC Neurology | Full Text

  https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-021-02415-1

  Carotid stenosis is a minor cause of ischemic stroke in Sri Lankans compared to western populations with only 4.0% having CAS50 and 3.5% eligible for carotid endarterectomy. […] Large artery atherosclerotic disease is an important cause of stroke, accounting for 1546% of ischaemic strokes in population-based studies. […] Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is known to be more associated with White patients and is less among Black or Asian patients. […] We report the first data on CAS in Sri Lankan patients with ischaemic stroke. Clinically significant CAS of 50% and 7099% is seen among 4.0 and 1.3% of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients, respectively. These figures are much lower compared to Western data, and further research is needed to understand the reasons behind the low prevalence rates in our patients. Our findings have implications in the uptake of western guidelines on acute stroke management in Sri Lankan stroke patients. Cost-effectiveness in urgent carotid imaging in all patients with TIA or stroke is questionable in Sri Lankans including South Asians and probably we need to adopt western guidelines with suitable amendments to suit local disease epidemiology.

• #129 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #130 Carotid Artery Disease Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/carotid-artery-disease-market

  The carotid artery disease market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARC’s new report titled „Carotid Artery Disease Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034”. […] The increasing prevalence of atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of plaque in the artery walls, thereby resulting in the narrowing of the carotid arteries, is primarily driving the carotid artery disease market. […] IMARC Group’s new report provides an exhaustive analysis of the carotid artery disease market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc.

• #131 Carotid Artery Disease Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/carotid-artery-disease-market

  According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for carotid artery disease and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of carotid artery disease across the seven major markets? […] What is the size of the carotid artery disease patient pool (2018-2023) across the seven major markets? […] What would be the forecasted patient pool (2024-2034) across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of carotid artery disease? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #132 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #133 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #134 Carotid Artery Disease Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/carotid-artery-disease-market

  According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for carotid artery disease and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of carotid artery disease across the seven major markets? […] What is the size of the carotid artery disease patient pool (2018-2023) across the seven major markets? […] What would be the forecasted patient pool (2024-2034) across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of carotid artery disease? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #135 Carotid Artery Disease Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/carotid-artery-disease-market

  According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for carotid artery disease and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of carotid artery disease across the seven major markets? […] What is the size of the carotid artery disease patient pool (2018-2023) across the seven major markets? […] What would be the forecasted patient pool (2024-2034) across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of carotid artery disease? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #136 Carotid Artery Disease Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/carotid-artery-disease-market

  According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for carotid artery disease and also represents the largest market for its treatment. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of carotid artery disease across the seven major markets? […] What is the size of the carotid artery disease patient pool (2018-2023) across the seven major markets? […] What would be the forecasted patient pool (2024-2034) across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of carotid artery disease? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #137 Epidemiology of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33757633/

  Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease is a significant cause of stroke in the United States and globally. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more prevalent in men and White and Native-American populations. However, the outcomes related to carotid disease are worse in women and Black patients. Research suggests the disparities exist due to a multitude of factors, including disease pathophysiology, access to care, provider bias, and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the general population is low (3%), and routine screening for carotid stenosis is not recommended in adults. Randomized clinical trials have shown benefits of stroke risk reduction with surgery (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) for symptomatic patients. Management is controversial in asymptomatic patients, as modern medical management has results equivalent to those of surgery and ongoing randomized clinical trials will address this important question. Carotid surgery is not appropriate in asymptomatic patients with limited life expectancy. Future work should explore comprehensive care models for care of patients with carotid disease and assessment of patient-reported outcomes to measure quality of care.

• #138 Largest trial of carotid artery surgery and stenting finds similar long-term effects on stroke risk — Nuffield Department of Population Health

  https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/news/largest-trial-of-carotid-artery-surgery-and-stenting-finds-similar-long-term-effects-on-stroke-risk

  Results from a major clinical trial demonstrate that both stenting and surgery are low-risk and similarly effective procedures for treating carotid artery disease. […] Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide, responsible for over six million deaths each year. A common cause of stroke is carotid artery disease (also known as carotid artery stenosis), where the large blood vessels that supply oxygen to the brain become narrower. […] Up to now it has been unclear which of these procedures results in better overall patient outcomes. This includes both the long-term protective effect against strokes, and the risk of an adverse event happening during or immediately after the operation. […] The main outcomes assessed by the trial were adverse events associated with the procedure itself, and the long-term protective effect against strokes.

• #139 Largest trial of carotid artery surgery and stenting finds similar long-term effects on stroke risk — Nuffield Department of Population Health

  https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/news/largest-trial-of-carotid-artery-surgery-and-stenting-finds-similar-long-term-effects-on-stroke-risk

  There was no significant difference in the risk of adverse, procedure-related events for CAS and CEA. […] The number of strokes that occurred in the participants over the five-year follow up period was similar for CAS and CEA. […] We have shown that, for patients with a severely narrowed carotid artery, stenting and surgery have similar effects on the chances of having a disabling or fatal stroke. […] The evidence from this trial can give doctors confidence in offering the procedure most suited to their patients, knowing that both options are associated with similar very low risks.

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