Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463256-overview

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is a common inflammatory-thrombotic disorder in which a thrombus develops in a vein located near the surface of the skin. Most superficial veins that develop thrombosis also have phlebitis, in contrast to deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a sometimes asymptomatic condition in which phlebitis may be absent. […] Although superficial thrombophlebitis usually occurs in the lower extremities, it also has been described in the penis and the breast (Mondor disease). […] When affecting the great saphenous vein (GSV; also referred to as the greater or long saphenous vein), thrombophlebitis will sometimes progress into the deep venous system. Damage to deep venous valves leads to chronic deep venous insufficiency (often referred to as postphlebitic syndrome), as well as to recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) and an increased risk of death.

• #1 Superficial phlebitis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/superficial-phlebitis

  Some of the symptoms of superficial phlebitis include: […] Redness and warmth: The skin over the affected vein often appears red or discolored. It may also feel warm or hot to the touch. […] Pain and tenderness: There is usually pain or tenderness along the course of the inflamed vein. This pain might intensify when touching the area or when a person moves. […] Swelling: Some swelling can occur along the vein or in the surrounding area. […] Hardening of the vein: The affected vein may feel hard or rope-like and may be more prominent under the skin. […] Skin changes: The skin over the vein can sometimes become itchy, irritated, or discolored. […] Symptoms of superficial phlebitis often improve quickly with medical treatment along with self-care measures, such as warm compresses, the elevation of the affected limb, anti-inflammatory medications, and compression stockings.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17523-superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis, or superficial vein thrombosis, is a blood clot that occurs in veins under the skin (superficial veins). The condition typically happens in the arms or legs and causes inflammation, pain, redness and swelling. […] Blood clots develop in the veins under your skin, and your veins inflame. The area may swell and become red and painful. […] If you have superficial thrombophlebitis, you may experience symptoms near the blood clot, including: Pain. Red or discolored skin. Swelling (including sudden swelling). Warm or hot skin. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis typically resolves within a few weeks. […] In superficial thrombophlebitis, a blood clot forms in a vein under your skin. The condition causes inflammation, pain, redness and swelling. Healthcare providers treat pain and inflammation with elevation, compression and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The condition typically resolves in a few weeks.

• #1 Thrombophlebitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thrombophlebitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354607

  Thrombophlebitis is a condition that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, often in the legs. […] In superficial thrombophlebitis, the vein is near the surface of the skin. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include warmth, tenderness, and pain. You might have redness and swelling and see a red, hard cord just under the surface of your skin that’s tender to the touch. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis signs and symptoms include: Warmth, tenderness and pain in the affected area, Redness and swelling. […] When a vein close to the surface of the skin is affected, you might see a red, hard cord just under the surface of the skin that’s tender to the touch. […] Complications from superficial thrombophlebitis are rare. However, if you develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the risk of serious complications increases.

• #1 Understanding Superficial Phlebitis. Get the FAQ

  https://www.tnveincenter.com/conditions/superficial-phlebitis

  Are you experiencing discomfort or swelling along your veins? You may be dealing with phlebitis. […] This condition, characterized by inflammation of the veins, can cause pain and concern, particularly if left untreated. […] While typically not severe, the symptoms of superficial phlebitis can prompt individuals to seek treatment, especially if the condition worsens over time. […] Symptoms of phlebitis can vary depending on whether it is superficial or deep. […] Superficial phlebitis symptoms: Pain or tenderness along the affected vein. Redness and warmth over the vein. Swelling or inflammation. Hardening or firmness of the vein. Itching or burning sensation. […] It’s essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms, as untreated phlebitis can lead to complications such as blood clots or infection.

• #1 Guide to Phlebitis and Thrombophlebitis

  https://veindoctorssydney.com.au/blog/guide-to-phlebitis-and-thrombophlebitis/

  Phlebitis, also known as superficial phlebitis, refers to inflammation of a vein, typically located near the skins surface. […] Symptoms of Phlebitis include pain, tenderness, or cramping in the affected area, often in the legs but can also occur in arms or other locations. […] Redness, warmth, and swelling around the inflamed vein. […] Hard, cord-like feel along the vein. […] Thrombophlebitis, also called superficial thrombophlebitis or superficial vein thrombosis, is a more specific condition. It combines phlebitis (vein inflammation) with the presence of a blood clot within the inflamed vein. […] In addition to the symptoms of phlebitis, superficial thrombophlebitis may also present with increased redness and skin hardening around the inflamed vein. […] A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected leg or affected vein.

• #1 Understanding Superficial Phlebitis. Get the FAQ

  https://www.tnveincenter.com/conditions/superficial-phlebitis

  Superficial phlebitis often manifests as tenderness, hard nodules, or cord-like formations within existing varicose veins or the veins beneath them. […] While superficial phlebitis alone is typically not severe, it’s crucial to undergo a medical assessment and duplex venous ultrasound for accurate diagnosis. […] A common trigger for superficial phlebitis is the combination of varicose veins and extended periods of immobility, such as prolonged airplane or car travel. […] Treating superficial phlebitis may depend on the symptoms, location, extent, and underlying medical conditions. […] The primary treatments for superficial phlebitis include: Leg elevation, Application of ice, Anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen (MotrinTM, AdvilTM), Ambulation (walking), Avoidance of prolonged sitting or standing, Medical grade compression hose. […] External compression with fitted compression stockings is also recommended for patients with superficial phlebitis of the legs.

• #1 What is Phlebitis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/phlebitis

  Superficial phlebitis affects veins on the skin surface. The condition is rarely serious and, with proper care, usually resolves rapidly. […] There is usually a slow onset of a tender red area along the superficial veins on the skin. A long, thin red area may be seen as the inflammation follows a superficial vein. This area may feel hard, warm, and tender. The skin around the vein may be itchy and swollen. The area may begin to throb or burn. […] Symptoms may be worse when the leg is lowered, especially when first getting out of bed in the morning. A low-grade fever may occur. Sometimes phlebitis may occur where a peripheral intravenous line was started. The surrounding area may be sore and tender along the vein. […] If an infection is present, symptoms may include redness, fever, pain, swelling, or breakdown of the skin. […] Phlebitis in the superficial veins is rarely serious and usually responds to pain control, elevation, and warm compresses for 1-2 weeks.

• #1 Phlebitis: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/phlebitis

  You may also notice pain in your calf or thigh if your phlebitis is caused by a DVT. The pain may be more noticeable when walking or flexing your foot. […] Only about half of those who develop a DVT experience symptoms, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This is why a DVT may not be diagnosed until a serious complication occurs, such as a PE. […] Symptoms of phlebitis may include redness, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Self-care strategies such as applying a warm compress, keeping your leg raised while resting, and taking NSAIDs can help relieve these symptoms. Treatment options for phlebitis include anticoagulant medications or surgical removal of blood clots. […] Superficial phlebitis often heals without lasting effects. […] DVT, on the other hand, can be life threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It’s important to know if you have risk factors for developing a DVT and to receive regular medical attention from a doctor.

• #1 What Are the 4 Signs of Phlebitis? | Expert Vein Specialists

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/what-are-the-4-signs-of-phlebitis

  Phlebitis is a common vein condition that has many causes and treatments. It can occur for various reasons, such as after medical procedures where you’ve had an IV or if you’ve had an injury to the vein. It’s important not to ignore any new changes to your veins and to tell your physician if you’ve noticed any difference, warmth, or swelling, especially after venous procedures. […] Phlebitis occurs when a vein becomes inflamed, usually as a result of an injury to the vein. Inflammation of the blood vessels impedes blood flow and can cause serious health complications. Phlebitis is more common in the lower extremities, especially the calf and thigh area. […] Pain and discomfort are the first noticeable signs of phlebitis, often described as an aching, dull, or throbbing feeling that varies if you touch or apply pressure to the vein or affected area.

• #1 Gefäßmedizin München

  https://www.gefaessmedizin.de/en/diseases/superficial-phlebitis/

  Superficial phlebitis is a painful disease of the superficial veins, which normally heals quickly and without complications under timely outpatient treatment. However, there is a relatively high risk of deep vein thrombosis, so it is not a trivial disease but one that should be taken seriously. Rapid medical attention is urgently required. […] Typical signs of inflammation are redness and overheating of the skin with sometimes significant pain symptoms at this site, especially on pressure, but also on movement. The inflamed vein is palpable as a hard, red and painful cord. In contrast to deep vein thrombosis, swelling of the leg does not occur, since there is no relevant disturbance of blood flow in the deep veins. […] The extent of phlebitis varies greatly; sometimes only a small vein or a short stretch over a few centimeters is affected. Frequently, however, extensive inflammation occurs with extension over a long course of the vein in the upper or lower leg.

• #1 Superficial Vein Phlebitis

  https://inoviavein.com/superficial-vein-phlebitis/

  Most clinical presentations are uncomplicated with typical findings of tenderness, firm skin, pain, and redness along the varicose vein. The degree of inflammation varies depending on the length of the vein affected. There is often a cord like feeling under the skin that feels like a small rope, with redness over this cord. Low-grade fever may be present in uncomplicated superficial thrombophlebitis, but high fever should increase suspicion for infection in the superficial thrombophlebitis. […] Complications of superficial vein phlebitis can also occur. The biggest concern in the short term is spread from the superficial veins to the deep veins. Long term, the phlebitis can re-occur. Rarely, infection can arise in the clotted veins, which is associated with high fever, and redness that extends well past the affected vein.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556017/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory disorder of superficial veins with coexistent venous thrombosis. It usually affects lower limbs, particularly the great saphenous vein (60% to 80%) or the small/short saphenous vein (10% to 20%). However, it can occur at other sites (10% to 20%) and may occur bilaterally (5% to 10%). […] More recently, superficial thrombophlebitis, also called superficial venous thrombosis (SVT), has been associated with other venous thromboembolic disorders, primarily deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, it involves more than a purely clinical diagnosis with supportive treatment. Affected patients have an increased risk for recurrence of venous thromboembolic events. […] Patients with superficial thrombophlebitis typically present with a reddened, warm, inflamed, tender area overlying the track of a superficial vein. There is often a palpable cord. Some surrounding edema or associated pruritis may occur. Significant swelling of the limb is more commonly associated with DVT and should only be attributed to SVT after DVT has been excluded.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/varicose-veins-leaflet/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein just under the skin, usually in the leg. A small blood clot also commonly forms in the vein, but is usually not serious. The condition usually settles and goes within 2-6 weeks. Treatments can ease pain or discomfort. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include: Swelling, Redness and tenderness along a part of the vein, A high temperature (fever), Hard or knobbly vein (due to a blood clot). […] When the inflammation settles, a persistent darker area of skin (hyperpigmentation) may remain over the affected vein. A small firm lump may also persist below the skin. This may be tender to the touch for some time. […] The inflammation and pain usually settle within a few weeks. Most people make a full recovery. The possible complications listed below are uncommon. They are listed, however, to give guidance on what to look out for.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or aspirin, can help reduce the redness and irritation caused by inflammation. This condition usually goes away within two weeks. It can take longer for the hardness in your vein to subside. […] Except for these rare complications, you can expect a full recovery in one to two weeks. Hardening of the vein may take a little longer to heal. Recovery may also take longer if an infection is involved, or if you also have deep vein thrombosis. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis may recur if you have varicose veins. Further testing and treatment may be necessary if you have recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis, but do not have varicose veins.

• #1 Superficial thrombophlebitis

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a superficial vein due to a blood clot and is found just under the skin. It most commonly affects the veins in the leg but can occur in other veins around the body, for example, on the arms, penis and breasts. […] Characteristic signs and symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include: Slight swelling, redness and tenderness along a part of the affected vein. Veins on the foot, ankle and area just behind the knee are swollen and pop-out. Other veins in the affected area may appear blue colour. If a blood clot develops the vein may feel hard or knobbly. If the condition has been present for a while and the swelling has resolved, the skin may appear stained or darkened. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis is not usually a serious condition and often settles down and goes away on its own within 26 weeks. However, it can be recurrent and persistent and cause significant pain and immobility. In addition, complications may occur if the affected veins become infected or the blood clot moves further up the vein to where the superficial and deep veins join; leading to a more serious condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/superficial-thrombophlebitis-a-to-z

  Thrombophlebitis causes pain in the area of the clotted vein, together with redness and sometimes swelling in the surrounding skin. […] In pregnant women, thrombophlebitis is often a short-term condition that doesn’t return after delivery. […] In people with varicose veins, thrombophlebitis may not return as long as the patient wears support stockings, walks regularly, and elevates the legs while sitting.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/superficial-thrombophlebitis-pro

  Superficial thrombophlebitis usually occurs in the lower extremities but occurs also in the penis and the breast (Mondor’s disease). […] There is redness with tenderness along the vein with swelling. […] Spontaneous thrombophlebitis usually develops in the greater saphenous vein, often with varicose veins. […] The prognosis is usually good for uncomplicated superficial thrombophlebitis. Symptoms generally subside in 1-2 weeks. Hardness of the vein may persist for several weeks to months. […] The risk of recurrence ranges between 1.6-12.2% in treated cases and 3.3-36.7% in untreated cases, depending on the presence or absence of underlying risk factors. […] It rarely leads to PE, although it can occur if the process extends into a deep vein.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/varicose-veins-leaflet/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  In some cases, the blood clot can extend further up the vein. If the clot extends to where the superficial and deep veins join, a DVT can develop. This is more likely if the superficial thrombophlebitis is in the upper thigh or the groin, near to where the superficial veins and the deep veins of the leg meet. […] It is common for people with varicose veins to have repeated (recurrent) bouts of superficial thrombophlebitis. However, for a small number of people this may be the first sign of a more serious condition.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556017/

  The prognosis for Superficial thrombophlebitis is related to the underlying cause. Low-risk SVT is generally favorable, but there is a definite risk for recurrent disease. In those with higher-risk SVT, the overall prognosis is also positive with appropriate treatment. For those with SVT due to underlying malignancy, the prognosis is related to the causative process. […] DVT and PE are significant complications of superficial thrombophlebitis. Multiple studies have found concomitant DVT with SVT in 6 to 36% of patients. These same studies clinically suspected concomitant PE in 2 to 13%, and regular performance of lung scans revealed the rate of asymptomatic PE approached 33%.

• #1 Phlebitis Boulder Colorado – Boulder Vein Center

  https://www.boulderveins.com/vein-problems-boulder-colorado/phlebitis-boulder-colorado/

  Thrombophlebitis (phlebitis) occurs when a vein becomes inflamed or a blood clot causes swelling in one or more of your veins. This condition most commonly occurs in the legs. It can, however, also occur in any vein in your body. If a superficial vein is affected, this is called Superficial Thrombophlebitis. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis generally include pain, swelling and redness along the affected vein. It may be accompanied with fever. There is often a visible or palpable “cord” along the length of the affected vein. […] Long term complications of superficial thrombophlebitis may include: Chronic leg discoloration, Varicose veins, Chronic skin thickening, Leg ulceration, Major venous bleeding.

• #1 Phlebitis (Thrombophlebitis) Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/phlebitis_and_thrombophlebitis/article.htm

  Low-grade fever may accompany superficial and deep phlebitis. High fever or drainage of pus from the site of thrombophlebitis may suggest an infection of thrombophlebitis (referred to as septic thrombophlebitis). […] A deep venous thrombosis may present as redness and swelling of the involved limb with pain and tenderness. In the leg, this can cause difficulty walking. […] Recovery of symptoms from superficial phlebitis can last a few weeks. Thrombophlebitis may take weeks to months to recover. […] Complications of phlebitis may include local infection and abscess formation, clot formation, and progression to a deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] When pronounced deep venous thrombophlebitis has seriously damaged the leg veins, this can lead to post-phlebitic syndrome. The post-phlebitic syndrome is characterized by chronic swelling of the involved leg and can be associated with leg pain, discoloration, and ulcers. […] If you experience the above symptoms and suspect you have phlebitis, then seek medical attention immediately.

• #1 Phlebitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/phlebitis-6835673

  Although many cases of phlebitis are not serious and will resolve on their own without treatment, you shouldn’t ignore the symptoms. This is especially true if you’ve had phlebitis in the past. […] According to a 2016 study published in the journal Blood, recurrent phlebitis increases the lifetime risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism by no less than 400%.

• #1 Thrombophlebitis (Superficial and Migratory): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/understanding-thrombophlebitis-basics

  Thrombophlebitis Symptoms […] If blood flow to one of your veins slows because of a clot, you might have: […] Red, swollen, and irritated skin around the affected area […] Pain or tenderness that gets worse when you put pressure on the affected area […] A swollen vein that feels like a tough „cord” under your skin […] Pain when flexing your ankle (keep in mind that thrombophlebitis can happen in other parts of the body, but it usually happens in the legs) […] A swollen foot or ankle. […] If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor right away. […] When to call 911 […] These symptoms require immediate medical help: […] One leg seems warmer than the other or is swollen, red, painful, or irritated […] The affected limb becomes pale or cold, or you start feeling chills and fever […] Sudden coughing, which may bring up blood […] Sharp chest pain or chest tightness […] Pain in your shoulder, arm, back, or jaw […] Rapid breathing or shortness of breath […] Pain when you breathe […] Severe lightheadedness […] Fast heartbeat.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uf8404

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation in a vein where a blood clot has formed close to the surface of the skin. You may be able to feel the clot as a firm lump under the skin. The skin over the clot can become red, tender, and warm to the touch. […] Sometimes superficial thrombophlebitis spreads to a deeper vein (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT). These deeper clots can be serious, even life-threatening. It is very important that you follow your doctor’s instructions, keep all follow-up appointments, and watch for new or worsening symptoms of a clot. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have signs of a blood clot, such as: Pain in your calf, back of the knee, thigh, or groin. Redness and swelling in your leg or groin. […] You notice a new hard, red, or tender area in your leg.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Symptoms, Risks & Causes

  https://www.usaveinclinics.com/vein-disease/superficial-thrombophlebitis/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST), also known as phlebitis, is an inflammation in a vein near the skins surface. The inflammation happens when a blot clot develops in the vein. Typically, this inflammation occurs in the legs. […] In most instances, superficial thrombophlebitis isnt severe. However, the condition can progress and develop into more serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). […] Symptoms may include: Tenderness, pain, and warmth of the affected area, Redness and swelling of the affected area, Changes to skin color around the affected vein, Changes to the way the skin around the vein feels, Hardening of the vein. […] Its important to seek urgent medical care if you suspect you have superficial thrombophlebitis and experience any of these symptoms: Increasing pain in the affected limb, Increasing redness or darkening of the skin, Sudden swelling, Throbbing or cramping in the affected limb, A fever.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.superficial-thrombophlebitis-care-instructions.uf8404

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation in a vein where a blood clot has formed close to the surface of the skin. You may be able to feel the clot as a firm lump under the skin. The skin over the clot can become red, tender, and warm to the touch. […] Sometimes superficial thrombophlebitis spreads to a deeper vein (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT). These deeper clots can be serious, even life-threatening. It is very important that you follow your doctor’s instructions, keep all follow-up appointments, and watch for new or worsening symptoms of a clot. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have signs of a blood clot, such as: Pain in your calf, back of the knee, thigh, or groin. Redness and swelling in your leg or groin. […] You notice a new hard, red, or tender area in your leg.

• #1 Thrombophlebitis (Superficial and Migratory): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/understanding-thrombophlebitis-basics

  Takeaways […] When you have thrombophlebitis, a blood clot forms and blocks a vein or more than one vein. Your leg is the most common spot for this to happen. It may occur in a vein close to the surface of your skin, or it may happen deep within a muscle. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and redness. Thrombophlebitis can be treated with medication, though in rare cases, you might need a type of surgery. The best way to prevent it is to avoid sitting without moving for long periods, such as on plane and car trips. […] Thrombophlebitis FAQs […] What are the symptoms of thrombophlebitis? […] Pain, redness, and swelling are indications that you might have a clot. You need immediate medical treatment if you have any of the following: […] Chills or fever […] The affected limb feels cold […] Pain in your chest, back, shoulder, or jaw […] Coughing up blood […] Fast heartbeat […] Shortness of breath.

• #1 Gefäßmedizin München

  https://www.gefaessmedizin.de/en/diseases/superficial-phlebitis/

  If thrombophlebitis is suspected, a doctor should be consulted immediately and a prompt ultrasound examination of the veins (duplex sonography) should be performed. Treatment of thrombophlebitis depends on the extent of the blood clot in the veins. […] Treatment of superficial phlebitis without involvement of deep veins depends on the extent of inflammation. If it ends near the junction with the deep veins, temporary blood thinning should always be performed for 4-6 weeks because of the risk of progression and development of deep vein thrombosis. […] With correct therapy, this usually heals completely after days to weeks, and the symptoms recede completely. The affected veins often become completely open again and the blood clot dissolves. […] In summary, superficial phlebitis is a relatively common painful condition that occurs mainly on the leg in varicose veins (about 90% of cases). With correct outpatient treatment of superficial vein thrombosis with blood thinners, compression stockings and anti-inflammatory drugs, a rapid freedom from symptoms and healing without complications can be expected. A complication in the sense of deep vein thrombosis is observed in up to 20-30% of cases.

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition of the veins due to a blood clot just below the surface of the skin. It usually occurs in the legs, but it can occasionally occur in the arms and neck. Anyone can develop superficial thrombophlebitis, but females are affected more than males. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include: redness and inflammation of the skin along a vein, warmth of the skin and tissue around the vein, tenderness and pain that worsens with added pressure, pain in the limb, darkening of the skin over the vein, hardening of the vein. […] Call your doctor if the above symptoms appear or get worse, or you develop new symptoms such as fever and chills. This could be a sign of a more serious illness or condition. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis is treated at home in most cases. Your doctor might recommend applying a warm compress to the affected area and elevating it to relieve swelling. Wearing support stockings can also help reduce swelling.

• #1 Migratory Thrombophlebitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547702/

  Migratory thrombophlebitis or thrombophlebitis migrans is an inflammatory reaction of the vein accompanied by a thrombus. It is characterized by the involvement of one vein group first, then improving and followed by the involvement of other vein groups. […] Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory reaction of the vein accompanied by a thrombus. Migratory thrombophlebitis or thrombophlebitis migrans is characterized by the involvement of 1 vein group first, then improving and followed by the involvement of other vein groups. Sometimes, several veins in different locations can be involved simultaneously. Both superficial and deep veins may be affected. […] Patients with superficial thrombophlebitis present with pain, erythema, and induration along the course of a superficial vein. Due to a thrombus within the affected vein, a nodular cord is often palpable. A fever might be present.

• #1 Migratory Thrombophlebitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547702/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is a clinical diagnosis. The patient usually presents with pain and erythema at the involved site. On palpation, the vein is hard and tender. […] The treatment goal is to relieve local symptoms and prevent the propagation of the thrombus. Supportive care includes elevating the affected extremity, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, applying a warm or cold compress, wearing compression stockings, and increasing ambulation. […] The prognosis for migratory thrombophlebitis depends on the cause. For malignancies, the prognosis is poor. For benign disorders, the prognosis is good, but residual post-phlebitic syndrome is an issue. Patients require compression stockings for life to prevent postphlebitic syndrome. Those who have a blood clot need anticoagulation therapy for 3 to 9 months. […] The frequent complication is the extension of a thrombus, which can result in deep vein thrombus and pulmonary embolism, and the risk is as high as 18%.

• #1

• #1 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463256-overview

  In each type of superficial thrombophlebitis, the condition presents as redness and tenderness along the course of the vein, usually accompanied by swelling. […] The prognosis in superficial thrombophlebitis is usually good. Superficial phlebitis is rarely associated with PE, though it can occur, particularly if the process extends into a deep vein. However, individuals with superficial venous thrombosis do not seem to have a great tendency to develop DVT. In contrast, patients with DVT are frequently found to have superficial venous thrombosis. […] The patient should be told to expect the disease process to persist for 3-4 weeks or longer. If it occurs in the lower extremity in association with varicose veins, it has a high likelihood of recurrence unless excision is performed.

• #1 Current management of superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower limb – Servier – PhlebolymphologyServier – Phlebolymphology

  https://www.phlebolymphology.org/current-management-of-superficial-thrombophlebitis-of-the-lower-limb/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is a manifestation of thrombosis that involves the superficial venous system of the lower limb. […] The typical clinical presentation of STP includes local pain, warmth, erythema, and swelling, with the superficial vein becoming solid like a cord. […] As STP may coexist with DVT in 6%-53% of patients presenting with STP, it is important to perform a duplex scan to exclude DVT and to confirm the presence of STP and its extent. […] In the literature, pulmonary embolism in patients with STP has been reported at rates varying from 1.5% to 33%. […] STP is also a risk factor for the recurrence of pulmonary embolism. […] It should be noted that STP may be a risk factor for the development and recurrence of DVT. […] The treatment of STP varies greatly in clinical practice. […] In summary, all patients with STP should have bilateral duplex scanning to exclude DVT.

• #1

  https://step2.medbullets.com/cardiovascular/120036/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  A 56-year-old man presents to his physician for pain in his right calf. He noticed his calf appears red and denies any trauma to the affected area. A week prior to presentation, he was flying on a plane for 14 hours. Medical history is significant for venous insufficiency. On physical exam, there is erythema on the posterior calf and tenderness along the course of a superficial vein. A duplex ultrasound demonstrates impaired blood flow and incompressibility of a superficial vein. […] Clinical definition: a thrombotic disorder characterized by thrombi and inflammation (phlebitis) in the superficial veins. […] Symptoms: pain of the involved site. […] Physical exam: erythema and edema along the vein, tenderness along the vein, palpable, thickened, or thrombosed vein, visibly distended veins. […] Duplex ultrasound: findings include impaired blood flow and lack of compressibility of the vein. […] Prognosis: self-limited, but can recur frequently. […] Complications: Progression to deep venous system, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis.

• #1 Phlebitis: Facts & Fallacies

  https://veinhealthcarecenter.com/vein-health-news-articles-detail.php?Phlebitis-Facts-Fallacies-6

  Phlebitis describes a condition in which a vein in the superficial vein system becomes inflamed and swollen. (It is also referred to as superficial phlebitis.) Spontaneous phlebitis happens when there is a sudden onset of vein inflammation. […] Symptoms include redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain in or along a vein. Thrombophlebitis is a blood clot in the superficial vein system. […] Phlebitis often presents like a big, red streak and usually comes with symptoms, whereas DVT sometimes presents with no symptoms. […] If phlebitis is located on the high thigh, however, the patient should get an ultrasound to make sure that the deep vein system is not involved, or that the vein involved is less than two centimeters from any deep connection. […] Additionally, the study found that swelling of a leg within six months after a superficial thrombophlebitis should prompt diagnostic testing for DVT.

• #1 Thrombophlebitis (Superficial and Migratory): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/understanding-thrombophlebitis-basics

  Thrombophlebitis Complications […] They’re rare, but you could have: […] Pulmonary embolism. If the clot breaks loose, it could move to your lungs and block an artery. This condition can be life-threatening. […] Postphlebitic syndrome. It can show up months or years after DVT. It often causes pain, swelling, and a feeling of heaviness in the affected leg or arm. You might hear it called post-thrombotic syndrome, venous stasis syndrome, or chronic venous insufficiency. […] Thrombophlebitis Prevention […] Sitting on long drives or flights is a major cause of blood clots. To prevent them: […] Walk around. Get up for a stroll every hour. […] Keep moving. Don’t just sit there. Flex your ankles. Or press your feet against the floor or footrest about 10 times an hour. […] Keep it loose. Don’t wear tight clothing. […] Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of fluids, but avoid alcohol. […] Take blood thinners. If you have had a clot previously or are at high risk for one, blood thinners may be prescribed as a preventative.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556017/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory disorder of superficial veins with coexistent venous thrombosis. It usually affects lower limbs, particularly the great saphenous vein (60% to 80%) or the small/short saphenous vein (10% to 20%). However, it can occur at other sites (10% to 20%) and may occur bilaterally (5% to 10%). […] More recently, superficial thrombophlebitis, also called superficial venous thrombosis (SVT), has been associated with other venous thromboembolic disorders, primarily deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, it involves more than a purely clinical diagnosis with supportive treatment. Affected patients have an increased risk for recurrence of venous thromboembolic events. […] Patients with superficial thrombophlebitis typically present with a reddened, warm, inflamed, tender area overlying the track of a superficial vein. There is often a palpable cord. Some surrounding edema or associated pruritis may occur. Significant swelling of the limb is more commonly associated with DVT and should only be attributed to SVT after DVT has been excluded.

• #2 Thrombophlebitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thrombophlebitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354607

  Thrombophlebitis is a condition that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, often in the legs. […] In superficial thrombophlebitis, the vein is near the surface of the skin. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include warmth, tenderness, and pain. You might have redness and swelling and see a red, hard cord just under the surface of your skin that’s tender to the touch. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis signs and symptoms include: Warmth, tenderness and pain in the affected area, Redness and swelling. […] When a vein close to the surface of the skin is affected, you might see a red, hard cord just under the surface of the skin that’s tender to the touch. […] Complications from superficial thrombophlebitis are rare. However, if you develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the risk of serious complications increases.

• #2 Superficial thrombophlebitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Thrombophlebitis is a swollen or inflamed vein due to a blood clot. Superficial refers to veins just below the skin’s surface. […] Symptoms may include any of the following: Skin redness, inflammation, tenderness, or pain along a vein just below the skin. Warmth of the area. Limb pain. Hardening of the vein. […] This is usually a short-term condition that does not cause complications. Symptoms often go away in 1 to 2 weeks. Hardness of the vein may remain for much longer.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Signs and symptoms of superficial venous thrombophlebitis are: A hard cord-like feeling along a vein […] Soreness over this area, redness and warmth over the vein […] Swelling in the area […] Limb pain. People with deep venous thrombophlebitis (DVT) may have: No signs or symptoms […] Sudden swelling of the limb […] Pain or aching of the limb […] Fever […] Skin discoloration in severe cases.

• #2 Superficial Venous Thrombosis – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/venous-disorders/superficial-venous-thrombosis

  Superficial venous thrombosis is inflammation and clotting in a superficial vein, usually in the arms or legs. […] The skin over the vein becomes red, swollen, and painful. […] Pain and swelling develop rapidly in the area of inflammation. The skin over the vein appears red on light skin and may appear purplish or may be difficult to identify on dark skin. The area feels warm and is very tender. Because blood in the vein is clotted, the vein feels like a hard cord under the skin, not soft like a normal or varicose vein. The vein may feel hard along its entire length. […] Although the inflammation generally subsides in a matter of days, several weeks may pass before the lumps and tenderness subside completely.

• #2 What is Phlebitis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/dvt/phlebitis

  Superficial phlebitis affects veins on the skin surface. The condition is rarely serious and, with proper care, usually resolves rapidly. […] There is usually a slow onset of a tender red area along the superficial veins on the skin. A long, thin red area may be seen as the inflammation follows a superficial vein. This area may feel hard, warm, and tender. The skin around the vein may be itchy and swollen. The area may begin to throb or burn. […] Symptoms may be worse when the leg is lowered, especially when first getting out of bed in the morning. A low-grade fever may occur. Sometimes phlebitis may occur where a peripheral intravenous line was started. The surrounding area may be sore and tender along the vein. […] If an infection is present, symptoms may include redness, fever, pain, swelling, or breakdown of the skin. […] Phlebitis in the superficial veins is rarely serious and usually responds to pain control, elevation, and warm compresses for 1-2 weeks.

• #2 Phlebitis, Thrombophlebitis – The Vascular Institute of Birmingham

  https://new-legs.com/services/phlebitis-thrombophlebitis/

  There is usually a slow onset of a tender red area along the superficial veins on the skin. A long, thin red area may be seen as the inflammation follows the path of the superficial vein. It may spread in a spider like pattern if smaller feeder veins become involved. […] This area may feel hard, warm, and tender. The skin around the vein may be itchy and swollen. […] The area may begin to throb or burn. […] Symptoms may be worse when the leg is lowered, especially when first getting out of bed in the morning. […] A low-grade fever may occur. […] Sometimes phlebitis may occur at the site where a peripheral intravenous (IV) line was started. The surrounding area may be sore and tender along the vein. […] If an infection is present, symptoms may include redness, fever, pain, swelling, or breakdown of the skin. […] The classic signs and symptoms include redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the affected extremity. Often one extremity is more swollen than the other. Occasionally the discoloration may be more bluish than red.

• #2 Superficial Vein Phlebitis

  https://inoviavein.com/superficial-vein-phlebitis/

  Most clinical presentations are uncomplicated with typical findings of tenderness, firm skin, pain, and redness along the varicose vein. The degree of inflammation varies depending on the length of the vein affected. There is often a cord like feeling under the skin that feels like a small rope, with redness over this cord. Low-grade fever may be present in uncomplicated superficial thrombophlebitis, but high fever should increase suspicion for infection in the superficial thrombophlebitis. […] Complications of superficial vein phlebitis can also occur. The biggest concern in the short term is spread from the superficial veins to the deep veins. Long term, the phlebitis can re-occur. Rarely, infection can arise in the clotted veins, which is associated with high fever, and redness that extends well past the affected vein.

• #2 Phlebitis (Thrombophlebitis) Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/phlebitis_and_thrombophlebitis/article.htm

  Low-grade fever may accompany superficial and deep phlebitis. High fever or drainage of pus from the site of thrombophlebitis may suggest an infection of thrombophlebitis (referred to as septic thrombophlebitis). […] A deep venous thrombosis may present as redness and swelling of the involved limb with pain and tenderness. In the leg, this can cause difficulty walking. […] Recovery of symptoms from superficial phlebitis can last a few weeks. Thrombophlebitis may take weeks to months to recover. […] Complications of phlebitis may include local infection and abscess formation, clot formation, and progression to a deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. […] When pronounced deep venous thrombophlebitis has seriously damaged the leg veins, this can lead to post-phlebitic syndrome. The post-phlebitic syndrome is characterized by chronic swelling of the involved leg and can be associated with leg pain, discoloration, and ulcers. […] If you experience the above symptoms and suspect you have phlebitis, then seek medical attention immediately.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/varicose-veins-leaflet/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein just under the skin, usually in the leg. A small blood clot also commonly forms in the vein, but is usually not serious. The condition usually settles and goes within 2-6 weeks. Treatments can ease pain or discomfort. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include: Swelling, Redness and tenderness along a part of the vein, A high temperature (fever), Hard or knobbly vein (due to a blood clot). […] When the inflammation settles, a persistent darker area of skin (hyperpigmentation) may remain over the affected vein. A small firm lump may also persist below the skin. This may be tender to the touch for some time. […] The inflammation and pain usually settle within a few weeks. Most people make a full recovery. The possible complications listed below are uncommon. They are listed, however, to give guidance on what to look out for.

• #2 Ultrasound proven superficial thrombophlebitis | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/ultrasound-proven-superficial-thrombophlebitis/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein just under the skin, usually in the leg. A small blood clot also commonly forms in the vein, but is usually not serious. The condition often settles and resolves within two to six weeks. Swelling, redness, and tenderness along a part of the vein are the usual symptoms. You may develop a fever (high temperature). If a blood clot develops inside the inflamed part of the vein, the vein may then feel hard or knobbly. The blood clot is usually of little concern, as it is small. When the inflammation settles, a persistent darker area of skin (hyperpigmentation) may remain over the affected vein. A small firm lump may also persist below the skin. This may be tender to the touch for some time. Most bouts of superficial thrombophlebitis last for three to four weeks. The inflammation and pain usually settle within a few weeks. Most people make a full recovery. In some cases, the blood clot can extend further up the vein. If the clot extends to where the superficial and deep veins join, a DVT can develop. It is common for people with varicose veins to get recurrent bouts of superficial thrombophlebitis. However, for a small number of people this may be the first sign of a more serious condition. […] If a vein becomes inflamed, a blood clot commonly forms inside the inflamed portion. So, the term thrombophlebitis is used to mean an inflamed vein, with or without a small blood clot inside the vein.

• #2 Superficial thrombophlebitis | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/s/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is a blood clot and inflammation of a vein near the surface of your skin. […] It’s uncomfortable but not serious and goes away within weeks. […] These symptoms occur along a surface vein usually in your leg but it can be in another part of your body. Tenderness. Swelling. Pain. Redness. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis gets better by itself, usually within 2 6 weeks. Your body breaks down the blood clot and the inflammation goes away. […] Most people recover fully. Sometimes hardness or a lump in the vein can last for months. For some people, brown pigmentation of the skin over the vein is permanent.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/heart-health/varicose-veins-leaflet/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  In some cases, the blood clot can extend further up the vein. If the clot extends to where the superficial and deep veins join, a DVT can develop. This is more likely if the superficial thrombophlebitis is in the upper thigh or the groin, near to where the superficial veins and the deep veins of the leg meet. […] It is common for people with varicose veins to have repeated (recurrent) bouts of superficial thrombophlebitis. However, for a small number of people this may be the first sign of a more serious condition.

• #2 Superficial phlebitis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/superficial-phlebitis

  While superficial phlebitis can be painful and uncomfortable, it rarely leads to severe complications, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism, especially if treated early and appropriately. […] Some people may experience recurrent episodes of superficial phlebitis, particularly if they have ongoing risk factors such as varicose veins, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, or a history of blood clotting disorders.

• #2 Thrombophlebitis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/thrombophlebitis

  Symptoms of PE include: chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, excessive sweating, back pain, lightheadedness or dizziness, blueish lips or nails. […] A person needs to contact a doctor if they think they have a DVT. […] The most concerning complication or thrombophlebitis is the extension of the blood clot, which can lead to DVT or PE. […] DVT occurs in 636% of people with superficial thrombophlebitis, while PE can develop in 213% of individuals with the condition. […] Although most people recover well from thrombophlebitis, some may experience chronic swelling or develop blood clots in deeper veins that require immediate medical attention.

• #2 Current management of superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower limb – Servier – PhlebolymphologyServier – Phlebolymphology

  https://www.phlebolymphology.org/current-management-of-superficial-thrombophlebitis-of-the-lower-limb/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is a manifestation of thrombosis that involves the superficial venous system of the lower limb. […] The typical clinical presentation of STP includes local pain, warmth, erythema, and swelling, with the superficial vein becoming solid like a cord. […] As STP may coexist with DVT in 6%-53% of patients presenting with STP, it is important to perform a duplex scan to exclude DVT and to confirm the presence of STP and its extent. […] In the literature, pulmonary embolism in patients with STP has been reported at rates varying from 1.5% to 33%. […] STP is also a risk factor for the recurrence of pulmonary embolism. […] It should be noted that STP may be a risk factor for the development and recurrence of DVT. […] The treatment of STP varies greatly in clinical practice. […] In summary, all patients with STP should have bilateral duplex scanning to exclude DVT.

• #2

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Phlebitis/

  Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein near the surface of the skin. Its not usually serious and often gets better on its own after 1 or 2 weeks. […] Phlebitis usually affects the veins in the legs, but you can also get it in your arms or neck. […] The main symptoms are: pain, tenderness or swelling in the affected area, warm and itchy skin over the affected area, changes to the colour and texture of the surrounding skin for example, the skin may be red and it may be thick and hard. […] Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if you have the following: throbbing or cramping pain in your leg, arm or neck, sudden swelling in your leg, arm or neck, warm skin around the painful area, red or darkened skin around the painful area, swollen veins that are hard or sore when you touch them. […] Its important to get these symptoms checked in case its something more serious like deep vein thrombosis (a type of blood clot).

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Symptoms, Risks & Causes

  https://www.usaveinclinics.com/vein-disease/superficial-thrombophlebitis/

  Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST), also known as phlebitis, is an inflammation in a vein near the skins surface. The inflammation happens when a blot clot develops in the vein. Typically, this inflammation occurs in the legs. […] In most instances, superficial thrombophlebitis isnt severe. However, the condition can progress and develop into more serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). […] Symptoms may include: Tenderness, pain, and warmth of the affected area, Redness and swelling of the affected area, Changes to skin color around the affected vein, Changes to the way the skin around the vein feels, Hardening of the vein. […] Its important to seek urgent medical care if you suspect you have superficial thrombophlebitis and experience any of these symptoms: Increasing pain in the affected limb, Increasing redness or darkening of the skin, Sudden swelling, Throbbing or cramping in the affected limb, A fever.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/superficial-thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition of the veins due to a blood clot just below the surface of the skin. It usually occurs in the legs, but it can occasionally occur in the arms and neck. Anyone can develop superficial thrombophlebitis, but females are affected more than males. […] Symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis include: redness and inflammation of the skin along a vein, warmth of the skin and tissue around the vein, tenderness and pain that worsens with added pressure, pain in the limb, darkening of the skin over the vein, hardening of the vein. […] Call your doctor if the above symptoms appear or get worse, or you develop new symptoms such as fever and chills. This could be a sign of a more serious illness or condition. […] Superficial thrombophlebitis is treated at home in most cases. Your doctor might recommend applying a warm compress to the affected area and elevating it to relieve swelling. Wearing support stockings can also help reduce swelling.

• #2 Superficial thrombophlebitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_thrombophlebitis

  Superficial thrombophlebitis is a thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins presenting as a painful induration (thickening) with erythema, often in a linear or branching configuration with a cordlike appearance. […] Findings of tenderness, induration, pain, or erythema (redness) along the course of a superficial vein usually establish a clinical diagnosis, especially in patients with known risk factors. In addition, there is often a palpable, sometimes nodular „cord”, due to thrombus (blood clot) within the affected vein. […] On the chest wall, patients with this disease often have abrupt onset of superficial pain, with possible swelling and redness of a limited area of their anterior chest wall or breast. There is usually a lump present, which may be somewhat linear and tender.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/superficial-thrombophlebitis-pro

  Superficial thrombophlebitis usually occurs in the lower extremities but occurs also in the penis and the breast (Mondor’s disease). […] There is redness with tenderness along the vein with swelling. […] Spontaneous thrombophlebitis usually develops in the greater saphenous vein, often with varicose veins. […] The prognosis is usually good for uncomplicated superficial thrombophlebitis. Symptoms generally subside in 1-2 weeks. Hardness of the vein may persist for several weeks to months. […] The risk of recurrence ranges between 1.6-12.2% in treated cases and 3.3-36.7% in untreated cases, depending on the presence or absence of underlying risk factors. […] It rarely leads to PE, although it can occur if the process extends into a deep vein.

• #2 How to Recognize and Treat Superficial Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis | Elmore Medical

  https://elmoremedical.com/blog/how-to-recognize-and-treat-superficial-phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

  Affected veins may feel sore or tender to the touch. The skin over the inflamed vein often appears red and warm. Mild swelling may occur around the affected area. The vein may feel hard or cord-like when pressed. […] Symptoms associated with DVT warrant more urgent or emergency medical care, due to the risk of serious complications like pulmonary embolism. […] Diagnosis of phlebitis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, followed by imaging tests such as ultrasound to assess the condition of the veins and detect the presence of any blood clots. […] Treatment for phlebitis aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and prevent complications. The approach depends on the type and severity of phlebitis. […] Early intervention can prevent complications and improve outcomes. […] Phlebitis, though often manageable, can have serious consequences if not treated properly. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding the risk factors, and seeking timely treatment are crucial steps in managing this condition.

• #2 Phlebitis: Facts & Fallacies

  https://veinhealthcarecenter.com/vein-health-news-articles-detail.php?Phlebitis-Facts-Fallacies-6

  Phlebitis describes a condition in which a vein in the superficial vein system becomes inflamed and swollen. (It is also referred to as superficial phlebitis.) Spontaneous phlebitis happens when there is a sudden onset of vein inflammation. […] Symptoms include redness, swelling, tenderness, and pain in or along a vein. Thrombophlebitis is a blood clot in the superficial vein system. […] Phlebitis often presents like a big, red streak and usually comes with symptoms, whereas DVT sometimes presents with no symptoms. […] If phlebitis is located on the high thigh, however, the patient should get an ultrasound to make sure that the deep vein system is not involved, or that the vein involved is less than two centimeters from any deep connection. […] Additionally, the study found that swelling of a leg within six months after a superficial thrombophlebitis should prompt diagnostic testing for DVT.

• #2 Superficial Thrombophlebitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/superficial-thrombophlebitis-a-to-z

  Thrombophlebitis causes pain in the area of the clotted vein, together with redness and sometimes swelling in the surrounding skin. […] In pregnant women, thrombophlebitis is often a short-term condition that doesn’t return after delivery. […] In people with varicose veins, thrombophlebitis may not return as long as the patient wears support stockings, walks regularly, and elevates the legs while sitting.

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