Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Congenital Heart Disease – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=congenital-heart-disease-90-P02346

  According to the American Heart Association, about 9 of every 1,000 babies born in the U.S. have a congenital heart defect. This is a problem that occurs as the baby’s heart is developing during pregnancy, before the baby is born. Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects. […] A baby’s heart starts to develop at conception, but is completely formed by 8 weeks into the pregnancy. Congenital heart defects happen during this important first 8 weeks of the baby’s development. Specific steps must take place for the heart to form correctly. Often, congenital heart defects are a result of one of these steps not happening at the right time. For example, a hole is left where a dividing wall should have formed, or a single blood vessel is left, where 2 should have been. […] Congenital heart problems range from simple to complex. Some heart problems can be watched by the baby’s doctor and managed with medicines. Others will require surgery, sometimes as soon as in the first few hours after birth. A baby may even „grow out” of some of the simpler heart problems, such as patent ductus arteriosus or atrial septal defect. These defects may simply close up on their own with growth. Other babies will have a combination of defects and require several operations throughout their lives.

• #2 Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/congenital-heart-defects-chd/

  „Congenital” means a condition is present at birth. Congenital heart disease (also called congenital heart defects, or CHD) covers a range of heart conditions present at birth. Infants born with a congenital heart disease have abnormal structure to their heart, which can affect the way the heart works and how blood flows through the heart to the rest of the body. Approximately 1 out of every 100 babies is born with a CHD. […] Some forms of congenital heart disease cause little or very few problems in the health, growth and development of the infant. Other forms are more serious and require interventions like cardiac catheterization or heart surgery for the child to survive and thrive. […] The signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease can vary according to the defect and its severity.

• #3 Congenital Heart Disease | Congenital Heart Defects | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html

  Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are problems with the structure of the heart. „Congenital” means that that the problems are present at birth. These defects happen when a fetus’s heart doesn’t develop normally during pregnancy. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. […] Congenital heart defects can change the way the heart pumps blood. They may make blood flow too slowly, go the wrong way, or block it completely. […] Congenital heart defects can range from very mild problems that never need treatment to life-threatening problems at birth. The most serious congenital heart defects are called critical congenital heart disease. Babies with these defects usually need surgery in the first year of life. But the symptoms of milder heart defects may not show up until childhood or adulthood.

• #4 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with. […] Some congenital heart defects cause no signs or symptoms. Sometimes indications may only appear later in life. And symptoms can also return years after treatments. Symptoms for more serious forms of congenital heart defects may become evident in the first few days or months after birth. You may notice a pale gray or blue skin color called cyanosis. […] Serious congenital heart defects usually are found soon after birth or during the first few months of life. Symptoms could include: Pale gray or blue lips, tongue, or fingernails. Depending on the skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see. Rapid breathing. Swelling in the legs, belly or areas around the eyes. Shortness of breath during feedings, leading to poor weight gain.

• #5 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with. […] Some congenital heart defects cause no signs or symptoms. Sometimes indications may only appear later in life. And symptoms can also return years after treatments. Symptoms for more serious forms of congenital heart defects may become evident in the first few days or months after birth. You may notice a pale gray or blue skin color called cyanosis. […] Serious congenital heart defects usually are found soon after birth or during the first few months of life. Symptoms could include: Pale gray or blue lips, tongue, or fingernails. Depending on the skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see. Rapid breathing. Swelling in the legs, belly or areas around the eyes. Shortness of breath during feedings, leading to poor weight gain.

• #6 Congenital Heart Defects – Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/symptoms

  Symptoms of congenital heart defects depend on many factors. For example, symptoms may be different for newborns and adults. They also depend on the number, type, and severity of the heart defect. Some common symptoms are: […] Bluish tone to a baby’s skin and lips […] Fatigue, or feeling constantly tired […] Heart murmurs, which are unusual sounds heard between heartbeats. Murmurs sometimes sound like a whooshing or swishing noise […] Poor blood circulation […] Rapid breathing […] Shortness of breath during physical activity can happen in children or adults with a congenital heart defect.

• #7 Diagnosing Congenital Heart Defects in Children | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/congenital-heart-defects-in-children/diagnosis

  Congenital heart defects occur when a babys heart does not form properly as it develops in the womb, causing a variety of conditions that affect heart function. […] The symptoms of a congenital heart defect depend on the type of heart defect and the childs age. Although a baby is born with a congenital heart defect, symptoms do not always appear immediately. In some children, symptoms that appear during infancy or even later may be the first sign of a problem. […] Newborns with a congenital heart defect may have symptoms such as irritability or inconsolable crying, rapid breathing, excessive sweating, and difficulty feeding and gaining weight. […] Symptoms in babies occur when the blood does not receive enough oxygen or the heart cannot pump efficiently. Symptoms often include: cyanosis, in which the skin appear bluish; fluid retention in the chest; a heart murmur, which the doctor can hear with a stethoscope; or an absent or rapid pulse. Decreased blood flow to the arms and legs may make a babys skin abnormally pale and cool. […] In older children and adolescents, congenital heart defects may affect growth and development and produce weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath during normal activities and exercise.

• #8

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw253542

  Symptoms of congenital heart disease will depend on what problem your baby has. Your baby may have symptoms such as tiring quickly, sweating easily, or having trouble breathing. Or your baby may not have symptoms at birth but may have them later. […] Congenital heart disease causes a wide range of symptoms. Symptoms will depend on what problem your baby has. Babies with congenital heart disease may have one or more of these symptoms: Tiring quickly. Trouble breathing when the baby feeds or cries. Breathing fast during rest or activities. Puffiness or swelling of the skin, often around the eyes and in the hands and feet. Sweating easily, especially on the head. Not gaining weight as they should. Fainting or near-fainting spells, especially related to physical activity. Having strong-smelling urine or other signs of dehydration. Having a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails that gets worse when the baby cries or eats. Growing or developing more slowly than expected. Your baby may be shorter or take longer to learn skills.

• #9 Congenital heart disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/congenital-heart-disease

  Approximately one in every 100 babies is born with a heart defect. This is called a congenital heart defect (CHD). Some defects are mild and cause no significant disturbance to the way the heart functions. However, more than half of all children with CHD have a condition that is serious enough to require treatment. […] Heart problems may cause a variety of symptoms in babies, including: Shortness of breath this might be due to a build-up of fluid in the lungs. Difficulty feeding this may occur because the baby is having trouble breathing. Blue lips and skin some heart defects can lead to mixing of blue (oxygen depleted) blood from the veins and the red (oxygen rich) blood from the lungs. This may produce a bluish colour of the lips and skin, called cyanosis. […] Symptoms include breathlessness, difficulty feeding, increased heart rate and failure to grow at the expected rate. Depending on the severity of the condition, the child may develop congestive heart failure and have an increased risk of developing pneumonia.

• #10 Congenital heart defects in children – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/congenital-heart-defects-in-children/

  A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with. Serious congenital heart defects usually are found soon after birth or during the first few months of life. Symptoms could include: Pale gray or blue lips, tongue, or fingernails. Depending on the skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see. Rapid breathing. Swelling in the legs, belly or areas around the eyes. Shortness of breath during feedings, leading to poor weight gain. […] Less-serious congenital heart defects may not be found until later in childhood. Symptoms of congenital heart defects in older children may include: Easily getting short of breath during exercise or activity. Getting tired very easily during exercise or activity. Fainting during exercise or activity. Swelling in the hands, ankles or feet.

• #11 Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/congenital-heart-defects-chd/

  Signs and symptoms of CHDs vary depending on the type and severity of the specific defect. Some heart defects cause little or no symptoms. Others cause serious symptoms right at birth. […] Because CHDs affect the heart’s ability to pump blood to the rest of the body, congenital heart defects can produce signs including: A blue tint to the nails, lips or skin (called cyanosis), Fast or troubled breathing, Tiredness and sleepiness, especially when feeding, Sweating, especially during feedings, Failure to gain weight (failure to thrive), Weak pulse. […] A majority of serious congenital heart diseases can be detected and diagnosed before the baby is born. For those babies with heart problems not detected in the womb, most are diagnosed soon after birth thanks to newborn screening programs. […] Not all congenital heart diseases require treatment, but for those that do, treatment can vary from minor to invasive, like open heart surgery.

• #12

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/symptoms/

  Congenital heart disease can have a range of symptoms, because the condition refers to several different types of heart defect. […] General signs of congenital heart disease can include: a blue tinge to the skin or lips (cyanosis), rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, swelling in the legs, tummy and around the eyes, shortness of breath in babies during feeding (making it hard for them to gain weight) and in older children and adults during exercise, extreme tiredness and fatigue, fainting during exercise, swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] In more severe cases, these problems may develop shortly after birth. However, symptoms sometimes don’t develop until the teenage years or early adulthood.

• #13

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw253542

  Symptoms of congenital heart disease will depend on what problem your baby has. Your baby may have symptoms such as tiring quickly, sweating easily, or having trouble breathing. Or your baby may not have symptoms at birth but may have them later. […] Congenital heart disease causes a wide range of symptoms. Symptoms will depend on what problem your baby has. Babies with congenital heart disease may have one or more of these symptoms: Tiring quickly. Trouble breathing when the baby feeds or cries. Breathing fast during rest or activities. Puffiness or swelling of the skin, often around the eyes and in the hands and feet. Sweating easily, especially on the head. Not gaining weight as they should. Fainting or near-fainting spells, especially related to physical activity. Having strong-smelling urine or other signs of dehydration. Having a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails that gets worse when the baby cries or eats. Growing or developing more slowly than expected. Your baby may be shorter or take longer to learn skills.

• #14 Congenital Heart Defects in Children | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/congenital-heart-defects-children

  Congenital heart defects cause a wide range of symptoms. Your baby may have only mild symptoms and tire easily, for example. He or she may have life-threatening symptoms, such as severe difficulty breathing. Or your baby may not have any symptoms that you notice at birth but may have them later as he or she grows. […] Common symptoms include: Difficult or rapid breathing. You may notice trouble breathing when your baby is active, such as when he or she feeds or cries. Your baby may also breathe fast during rest or activities. Poor weight gain. When most of a baby’s energy is spent pumping blood to the body, little is left for eating and growing. Your baby may tire when eating and may take longer than expected to finish feeding. Sweating, especially on the head. You may notice that your baby has damp hair and cool, moist skin. Fatigue and fussiness. Your baby may be too tired to play and may sleep most of the time. Sudden weight gain or puffiness and swelling of the skin, seen most often around the eyes and in the hands and feet. These symptoms may be most noticeable when your baby first wakes up. The weight gain or puffiness can be caused by fluid retention that is related to poor blood circulation. Dehydration. Signs of dehydration include having dry mouth and eyes and having dark and strong-smelling urine.

• #15 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with. […] Some congenital heart defects cause no signs or symptoms. Sometimes indications may only appear later in life. And symptoms can also return years after treatments. Symptoms for more serious forms of congenital heart defects may become evident in the first few days or months after birth. You may notice a pale gray or blue skin color called cyanosis. […] Serious congenital heart defects usually are found soon after birth or during the first few months of life. Symptoms could include: Pale gray or blue lips, tongue, or fingernails. Depending on the skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see. Rapid breathing. Swelling in the legs, belly or areas around the eyes. Shortness of breath during feedings, leading to poor weight gain.

• #16

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/symptoms/

  Congenital heart disease can have a range of symptoms, because the condition refers to several different types of heart defect. […] General signs of congenital heart disease can include: a blue tinge to the skin or lips (cyanosis), rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, swelling in the legs, tummy and around the eyes, shortness of breath in babies during feeding (making it hard for them to gain weight) and in older children and adults during exercise, extreme tiredness and fatigue, fainting during exercise, swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] In more severe cases, these problems may develop shortly after birth. However, symptoms sometimes don’t develop until the teenage years or early adulthood.

• #17 Congenital Heart Defects – Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/symptoms

  Symptoms of congenital heart defects depend on many factors. For example, symptoms may be different for newborns and adults. They also depend on the number, type, and severity of the heart defect. Some common symptoms are: […] Bluish tone to a baby’s skin and lips […] Fatigue, or feeling constantly tired […] Heart murmurs, which are unusual sounds heard between heartbeats. Murmurs sometimes sound like a whooshing or swishing noise […] Poor blood circulation […] Rapid breathing […] Shortness of breath during physical activity can happen in children or adults with a congenital heart defect.

• #18 Symptoms and Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defects | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/symptoms–diagnosis-of-congenital-heart-defects

  A congenital heart defect (CHD) is often diagnosed in infancy, or even before birth. But some defects are harder to detect than others and may not be diagnosed until much later in childhood or even adulthood. […] Severe heart problems generally become evident during the first few months after birth. Some babies are blue or have very low blood pressure shortly after birth. Other defects cause breathing difficulties, feeding problems or poor weight gain. […] Minor defects are most often diagnosed during a routine medical checkup. Minor defects rarely cause symptoms. While most heart murmurs in children are normal, some may be due to defects.

• #19 Diagnosing Congenital Heart Defects in Children | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/congenital-heart-defects-in-children/diagnosis

  Congenital heart defects occur when a babys heart does not form properly as it develops in the womb, causing a variety of conditions that affect heart function. […] The symptoms of a congenital heart defect depend on the type of heart defect and the childs age. Although a baby is born with a congenital heart defect, symptoms do not always appear immediately. In some children, symptoms that appear during infancy or even later may be the first sign of a problem. […] Newborns with a congenital heart defect may have symptoms such as irritability or inconsolable crying, rapid breathing, excessive sweating, and difficulty feeding and gaining weight. […] Symptoms in babies occur when the blood does not receive enough oxygen or the heart cannot pump efficiently. Symptoms often include: cyanosis, in which the skin appear bluish; fluid retention in the chest; a heart murmur, which the doctor can hear with a stethoscope; or an absent or rapid pulse. Decreased blood flow to the arms and legs may make a babys skin abnormally pale and cool. […] In older children and adolescents, congenital heart defects may affect growth and development and produce weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath during normal activities and exercise.

• #20 Tetralogy of Fallot – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tetralogy-of-fallot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353477

  Tetralogy of Fallot symptoms depend on how much blood flow is blocked from leaving the heart to go to the lungs. Symptoms may include: […] Babies with tetralogy of Fallot often have blue or gray skin color due to low oxygen levels. […] Some babies with tetralogy of Fallot suddenly develop deep blue or gray skin, nails, and lips. This usually happens when the baby cries, eats or is upset. These episodes are called tet spells. […] Seek medical help if you notice that your baby has these symptoms: Trouble breathing. Bluish color of the skin. Lack of alertness. Seizures. Weakness. More irritable than usual. […] Untreated tetralogy of Fallot usually leads to life-threatening complications. The complications may cause disability or death by early adulthood.

• #21 Congenital Heart Disease – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=congenital-heart-disease-90-P02346

  Tetralogy of Fallot can cause bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis). […] Coarctation of the aorta (CoA). In this condition, the aorta is narrowed or constricted. This obstructs blood flow to the lower part of the body and increases blood pressure above the constriction. Usually there are no symptoms at birth, but they can develop as early as the first week of life. If severe symptoms of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure develop, surgery may be considered. […] Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). A combination of several abnormalities of the heart and the great blood vessels. In HLHS, most of the structures on the left side of the heart (including the left ventricle, mitral valve, aorta, and aortic valve) are small and underdeveloped. The degree of underdevelopment differs from child to child. The left ventricle may not be able to pump enough blood to the body. HLHS is fatal without treatment.

• #22 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  Less-serious congenital heart defects may not be found until later in childhood. Symptoms of congenital heart defects in older children may include: Easily getting short of breath during exercise or activity. Getting tired very easily during exercise or activity. Fainting during exercise or activity. Swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] If you think that your baby has symptoms of a heart condition, call your child’s healthcare professional. […] Complications of congenital heart defects may occur years after the heart condition is treated.

• #23

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/symptoms/

  Congenital heart disease can have a range of symptoms, because the condition refers to several different types of heart defect. […] General signs of congenital heart disease can include: a blue tinge to the skin or lips (cyanosis), rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, swelling in the legs, tummy and around the eyes, shortness of breath in babies during feeding (making it hard for them to gain weight) and in older children and adults during exercise, extreme tiredness and fatigue, fainting during exercise, swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] In more severe cases, these problems may develop shortly after birth. However, symptoms sometimes don’t develop until the teenage years or early adulthood.

• #24 Signs of Heart Problems in Children and Teens | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/parent-resources/heart/signs-of-heart-problems-in-children-and-teens

  Signs of potential heart problems in infants may include: Trouble gaining weight, Bluish color to the lips, tongue or nail beds, Difficulty with feeding, Fast or rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing, even while resting, Tiring easily while eating, Sweating while feeding. […] In young children, look for: Passing out during physical exercise or activity, Heart palpitationsa heartbeat that feels funny or fluttery to a child, Shortness of breath while playing or being active, Chest pain. […] Signs of heart disease in teens are similar to those in younger kids. […] Regardless of age, persistent breathing difficulty is an often-overlooked sign of a potential pediatric heart condition. […] If you suspect your child may have an underlying heart condition, discuss this openly with your child’s pediatrician. […] Despite how scary it may seem to have a child with a heart problem, advances in modern medicine have greatly improved outcomes for pediatric heart disease, and most kids with heart conditions grow up healthy and are able to thrive.

• #25

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/symptoms/

  Congenital heart disease can have a range of symptoms, because the condition refers to several different types of heart defect. […] General signs of congenital heart disease can include: a blue tinge to the skin or lips (cyanosis), rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, swelling in the legs, tummy and around the eyes, shortness of breath in babies during feeding (making it hard for them to gain weight) and in older children and adults during exercise, extreme tiredness and fatigue, fainting during exercise, swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] In more severe cases, these problems may develop shortly after birth. However, symptoms sometimes don’t develop until the teenage years or early adulthood.

• #26 Congenital Heart Defects – Symptoms | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/symptoms

  Symptoms of congenital heart defects depend on many factors. For example, symptoms may be different for newborns and adults. They also depend on the number, type, and severity of the heart defect. Some common symptoms are: […] Bluish tone to a baby’s skin and lips […] Fatigue, or feeling constantly tired […] Heart murmurs, which are unusual sounds heard between heartbeats. Murmurs sometimes sound like a whooshing or swishing noise […] Poor blood circulation […] Rapid breathing […] Shortness of breath during physical activity can happen in children or adults with a congenital heart defect.

• #27 Symptoms of CHD in babies, toddlers, preteens, and teens – kidsheart.com

  https://www.kidsheart.com/symptoms-of-chd-in-babies-toddlers-preteens-and-teens/

  Other symptoms that warrant further investigation include complaints of chest pain when running and playing, worrying about their heart when exercising and saying that they feel their heart beeping, which could be a sign of an irregular heart rhythm. […] Preteens and teens should be evaluated for CHD if they complain of issues such as a persistent fast heartbeat during exertion or exercise, shortness of breath or extreme fatigue. […] A wise pediatrician understands that parents have a unique insight into their child’s health and partners with them to insure their child receives the best care possible, said Dr. Dodgen. […] This is not a comprehensive list of all signs and symptoms. Please contact your child’s doctor if your child experiences any symptoms that concern you.

• #28 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  Less-serious congenital heart defects may not be found until later in childhood. Symptoms of congenital heart defects in older children may include: Easily getting short of breath during exercise or activity. Getting tired very easily during exercise or activity. Fainting during exercise or activity. Swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] If you think that your baby has symptoms of a heart condition, call your child’s healthcare professional. […] Complications of congenital heart defects may occur years after the heart condition is treated.

• #29 Signs of Heart Problems in Children and Teens | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/parent-resources/heart/signs-of-heart-problems-in-children-and-teens

  Signs of potential heart problems in infants may include: Trouble gaining weight, Bluish color to the lips, tongue or nail beds, Difficulty with feeding, Fast or rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing, even while resting, Tiring easily while eating, Sweating while feeding. […] In young children, look for: Passing out during physical exercise or activity, Heart palpitationsa heartbeat that feels funny or fluttery to a child, Shortness of breath while playing or being active, Chest pain. […] Signs of heart disease in teens are similar to those in younger kids. […] Regardless of age, persistent breathing difficulty is an often-overlooked sign of a potential pediatric heart condition. […] If you suspect your child may have an underlying heart condition, discuss this openly with your child’s pediatrician. […] Despite how scary it may seem to have a child with a heart problem, advances in modern medicine have greatly improved outcomes for pediatric heart disease, and most kids with heart conditions grow up healthy and are able to thrive.

• #30 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  Less-serious congenital heart defects may not be found until later in childhood. Symptoms of congenital heart defects in older children may include: Easily getting short of breath during exercise or activity. Getting tired very easily during exercise or activity. Fainting during exercise or activity. Swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] If you think that your baby has symptoms of a heart condition, call your child’s healthcare professional. […] Complications of congenital heart defects may occur years after the heart condition is treated.

• #31 Congenital Heart Disease > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/congenital-heart-defects-in-children

  Symptoms vary depending on the type of congenital heart defect. […] Serious heart defects are usually detected prenatally or soon after a child is born. […] The more serious ones may affect the infant’s ability to feed and gain weight. There may be an increase in the rate or effort of breathing. Other infants may have cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin. […] Less serious heart defects may go undiagnosed until later in childhood. Symptoms or signs in older children include swelling in the hands, ankles or feet, and getting tired or out-of-breath easily while exercising.

• #32 Signs of Heart Problems in Children and Teens | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/parent-resources/heart/signs-of-heart-problems-in-children-and-teens

  Signs of potential heart problems in infants may include: Trouble gaining weight, Bluish color to the lips, tongue or nail beds, Difficulty with feeding, Fast or rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing, even while resting, Tiring easily while eating, Sweating while feeding. […] In young children, look for: Passing out during physical exercise or activity, Heart palpitationsa heartbeat that feels funny or fluttery to a child, Shortness of breath while playing or being active, Chest pain. […] Signs of heart disease in teens are similar to those in younger kids. […] Regardless of age, persistent breathing difficulty is an often-overlooked sign of a potential pediatric heart condition. […] If you suspect your child may have an underlying heart condition, discuss this openly with your child’s pediatrician. […] Despite how scary it may seem to have a child with a heart problem, advances in modern medicine have greatly improved outcomes for pediatric heart disease, and most kids with heart conditions grow up healthy and are able to thrive.

• #33 Congenital heart disease | Heart and Stroke Foundation

  https://www.heartandstroke.ca/heart-disease/conditions/congenital-heart-disease

  Common symptoms of congenital heart defects include: […] heart murmur […] rapid, fluttering, pounding heartbeats (heart palpitations) […] abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia) […] bluish tint to the skin, lips and fingernails (blue baby, cyanosis) […] cool, clammy skin […] fast breathing […] shortness of breath […] fainting […] poor feeding especially in infants because they tire easily while nursing […] poor weight gain in infants […] fatigue during exercise or activity in older children […] irritability and/or prolonged crying […] abnormal rounding of the nail-bed (clubbing) […] stroke. […] A congenital heart defect can be detected through an ultrasound during pregnancy, physical examination after birth or due to a baby’s symptoms. Some defects may not be discovered until adulthood, when increased demands are placed on your heart.

• #34 Signs of Heart Problems in Children and Teens | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/parent-resources/heart/signs-of-heart-problems-in-children-and-teens

  Signs of potential heart problems in infants may include: Trouble gaining weight, Bluish color to the lips, tongue or nail beds, Difficulty with feeding, Fast or rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing, even while resting, Tiring easily while eating, Sweating while feeding. […] In young children, look for: Passing out during physical exercise or activity, Heart palpitationsa heartbeat that feels funny or fluttery to a child, Shortness of breath while playing or being active, Chest pain. […] Signs of heart disease in teens are similar to those in younger kids. […] Regardless of age, persistent breathing difficulty is an often-overlooked sign of a potential pediatric heart condition. […] If you suspect your child may have an underlying heart condition, discuss this openly with your child’s pediatrician. […] Despite how scary it may seem to have a child with a heart problem, advances in modern medicine have greatly improved outcomes for pediatric heart disease, and most kids with heart conditions grow up healthy and are able to thrive.

• #35 Heart Conditions in Children – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/heart-conditions-in-children/

  Congenital heart defects are structural abnormalities present at birth that can affect the normal functioning of the heart. They are the most common birth defect, affecting about 1% of newborns. […] Some common symptoms of heart conditions in children may include: Shortness of breath: Children with heart conditions may have difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or when lying down. Chest pain: Children with heart conditions may experience chest pain ranging from mild to severe. Rapid or irregular heartbeat: Children with heart conditions may have an abnormal heart rhythm, which can cause the heart to beat fast, slow or irregularly. Dizziness: Children with heart conditions may feel lightheaded or dizzy, especially when standing up or changing positions. Fatigue: Children with heart conditions may feel tired or weak, even after resting. Swelling: Children with heart conditions may have swollen ankles, feet, legs or abdomen due to fluid buildup.

• #36

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw253542

  Symptoms of congenital heart disease will depend on what problem your baby has. Your baby may have symptoms such as tiring quickly, sweating easily, or having trouble breathing. Or your baby may not have symptoms at birth but may have them later. […] Congenital heart disease causes a wide range of symptoms. Symptoms will depend on what problem your baby has. Babies with congenital heart disease may have one or more of these symptoms: Tiring quickly. Trouble breathing when the baby feeds or cries. Breathing fast during rest or activities. Puffiness or swelling of the skin, often around the eyes and in the hands and feet. Sweating easily, especially on the head. Not gaining weight as they should. Fainting or near-fainting spells, especially related to physical activity. Having strong-smelling urine or other signs of dehydration. Having a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails that gets worse when the baby cries or eats. Growing or developing more slowly than expected. Your baby may be shorter or take longer to learn skills.

• #37 Congenital heart conditions | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cardiovascular-disease/heart-disease/congenital-heart-disease/

  Congenital heart disease is a general term used to refer to a series of birth defects that affect the heart. […] The symptoms of cyanotic heart disease include: a blue coloured tinge to the lips, fingers and toes (cyanosis), palpitations, fainting, fatigue, chest pains, breathing problems. […] Children with cyanotic heart disease have lower levels of oxygen in their blood, this is known as hypoxia. […] The symptoms of acyanotic heart disease include: severe tiredness, palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath (particularly during activities such as climbing the stairs). […] There are some symptoms that are present in both cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease. These include: poor appetite and feeding difficulties, sweating, particularly when a baby is feeding, delayed growth. […] Many children with congenital heart disease will experience delays in their development, and may take longer to reach certain stages in their development, such as walking or talking. […] Symptoms of endocarditis include: fever, chills, sweating (including night sweats), muscular aches and pains, chest pain, coughs, weakness and fatigue, headache, shortness of breath.

• #38 Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-heart-defects

  Symptoms of congenital heart defects in infants and children include: […] Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, fingernails, and lips) […] Respiratory distress […] Poor feeding […] Poor weight gain […] Recurrent lung infections […] Less ability to exercise or play actively compared to other children. […] In some cases, congenital heart defects are discovered before a baby is born during a fetal ultrasound. Some types of complex congenital heart defects are apparent shortly after birth. Less severe defects may not be found until the child is older. Some congenital heart defects are discovered after the doctor hears a heart murmur. […] Treatment is based on the specific type of congenital heart defect your child has and the severity of the defect. Some mild heart defects don’t need any treatment. Others can be treated with medications, interventional procedures, or surgery. […] The outlook for congenital heart defects is increasingly positive, even for the most complex problems.

• #39 Congenital heart disease | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/congenital-heart-disease

  Congenital heart disease is a birth defect. […] Congenital heart defects can change the flow of blood and the way your heart works. […] Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect in Australia. It affects about 1 in 100 babies. […] Sometimes congenital heart disease does not cause any symptoms. […] It may be suspected in a newborn if: their skin, lips or fingernails are pale grey or blue (called cyanosis), they are breathing very quickly, their blood is not circulating properly, their legs, ankles, hands, tummy or the skin around the eyes is swollen, they do not feed or gain weight well, the doctor can hear a heart murmur. […] In older children, the symptoms of congenital heart disease include: becoming very tired and short of breath during exercise, fainting during or after exercise, not being able to keep up with friends, having a lot of chest infections, not growing very well.

• #40 Congenital Heart Disease | Congenital Heart Defects | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html

  Common signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects include: Cyanosis – a bluish color to the skin, lips, and fingernails. It happens when there isn’t enough oxygen in the blood. Fatigue – your baby may be unusually sleepy and may become very tired during feedings. Poor blood flow. Fast or difficult breathing. Heart murmur – an unusual sound between heartbeats. […] Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to: Be smaller than other children Have problems or delays in mental, and emotional growth, and behavior, such as: Speech and language problems Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) […] People with congenital heart defects may develop other health conditions, including: Endocarditis – an infection of lining of the heart and valves Arrhythmia – a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat Heart failure – when your heart can’t pump enough blood to the body Pulmonary hypertension – high blood pressure in your lungs Kidney and liver disease.

• #41 Understanding Your Child’s CHD Diagnosis | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/heart-problems-in-children-what-to-know/

  Receiving a diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) is difficult and scary. […] It is important to note that CHD does have an impact on the child and family’s life and require lifelong specialized care. […] There is a link between CHD and neurocognitive/developmental issues (e.g. cognitive, social, learning and mental health). Children and adults with CHD may require special education and support throughout their school and working years. They are also more prone to anxiety and depression.

• #42 Congenital Heart Disease | Congenital Heart Defects | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html

  Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are problems with the structure of the heart. „Congenital” means that that the problems are present at birth. These defects happen when a fetus’s heart doesn’t develop normally during pregnancy. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect. […] Congenital heart defects can change the way the heart pumps blood. They may make blood flow too slowly, go the wrong way, or block it completely. […] Congenital heart defects can range from very mild problems that never need treatment to life-threatening problems at birth. The most serious congenital heart defects are called critical congenital heart disease. Babies with these defects usually need surgery in the first year of life. But the symptoms of milder heart defects may not show up until childhood or adulthood.

• #43 Congenital heart disease: Heart defects, types, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181142

  Acyanotic heart disease may cause: breathlessness, especially during physical activity; sweating, especially during feedings; a slow growth rate and a low body weight; difficulty feeding and poor appetite, in infants; extreme tiredness; chest pain. […] There may be no symptoms soon after birth these may only arise as a child grows older, and they may need treatment. […] A newborn with cyanotic congenital heart disease tends to have recognizable symptoms, but those of acyanotic congenital heart disease may not appear until the child is 3 years old or older. […] A person with a CHD may need treatment, such as medication to lower blood pressure, at any age. […] After surgery, the heart generally works as it should, but some people develop related problems with age. […] The person may experience: an irregular heart rhythm, or arrhythmia; cyanosis; dizziness and fainting; swelling of organs or body tissues, known as edema; breathlessness; fatigue, especially after exertion.

• #44 Congenital Heart Disease – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=congenital-heart-disease-90-P02346

  According to the American Heart Association, about 9 of every 1,000 babies born in the U.S. have a congenital heart defect. This is a problem that occurs as the baby’s heart is developing during pregnancy, before the baby is born. Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defects. […] A baby’s heart starts to develop at conception, but is completely formed by 8 weeks into the pregnancy. Congenital heart defects happen during this important first 8 weeks of the baby’s development. Specific steps must take place for the heart to form correctly. Often, congenital heart defects are a result of one of these steps not happening at the right time. For example, a hole is left where a dividing wall should have formed, or a single blood vessel is left, where 2 should have been. […] Congenital heart problems range from simple to complex. Some heart problems can be watched by the baby’s doctor and managed with medicines. Others will require surgery, sometimes as soon as in the first few hours after birth. A baby may even „grow out” of some of the simpler heart problems, such as patent ductus arteriosus or atrial septal defect. These defects may simply close up on their own with growth. Other babies will have a combination of defects and require several operations throughout their lives.

• #45 Congenital heart defects in children – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/congenital-heart-defects-in-children/

  A congenital heart defect may be diagnosed during pregnancy or after birth. Signs of certain heart defects can be seen on a routine pregnancy ultrasound test (fetal ultrasound). After a baby is born, a healthcare professional might think theres a congenital heart defect if the baby has: Growth delays. Color changes in the lips, tongues or nails. […] Treatment of congenital heart defects in children depends on the specific heart problem and how severe it is. Some congenital heart defects dont have a long-term effect on a childs health. They may safely go untreated. Other congenital heart defects, such as a small hole in the heart, may close as a child ages. Serious congenital heart defects need treatment soon after theyre found. Treatment may include: Medicines. Heart procedures. Heart surgery. Heart transplant.

• #46 Five abnormal signs that might indicate heart disease in the kids | Bangkok Heart Hospital

  https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/content/five-abnormal-signs-that-might-indicate-heart-disease-in-the-kids

  Heart disease does not only occur in adults and the elderly, newborn babies and kids can also develop cardiac disease. Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and treatments are not necessarily required. Other congenital heart defects in children seem to be more complex and may require several surgeries performed over a period of several years. Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed before or soon after the child is born. If any signs and symptoms are noticed, parents must seek immediate medical attention in order to get accurate and timely diagnosis, leading to effective treatment plans. […] Serious congenital heart defects are often diagnosed before or soon after the baby is born. […] Congenital heart defects may have no long-term effects on child’s health. In some instances, such defects can safely go untreated. Only close monitoring is required. Some heart defects in children, however, are more serious and treatments are essentially needed soon after they are diagnosed. Annual health check-up is highly recommended. If abnormal signs or symptoms exhibit, immediate medical attention must be urgently provided by well-trained and highly experienced pediatric cardiologists in order to receive timely and effective treatments.

• #47

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw253542

  In some cases, a child’s congenital heart disease may be so mild that symptoms won’t appear until the child is a teenager or young adult. […] Congenital heart disease may cause problems with blood flow through the heart after a baby is born. The problems can affect the baby’s blood and oxygen supply. […] Not all problems are found when a child is very young. Some problems don’t cause symptoms and aren’t life-threatening. These problems may not be found until the teen years or later.

• #48 Congenital heart disease: Heart defects, types, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181142

  Acyanotic heart disease may cause: breathlessness, especially during physical activity; sweating, especially during feedings; a slow growth rate and a low body weight; difficulty feeding and poor appetite, in infants; extreme tiredness; chest pain. […] There may be no symptoms soon after birth these may only arise as a child grows older, and they may need treatment. […] A newborn with cyanotic congenital heart disease tends to have recognizable symptoms, but those of acyanotic congenital heart disease may not appear until the child is 3 years old or older. […] A person with a CHD may need treatment, such as medication to lower blood pressure, at any age. […] After surgery, the heart generally works as it should, but some people develop related problems with age. […] The person may experience: an irregular heart rhythm, or arrhythmia; cyanosis; dizziness and fainting; swelling of organs or body tissues, known as edema; breathlessness; fatigue, especially after exertion.

• #49 Congenital heart defects can go unnoticed into adulthood | Norton Children’s Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonchildrens.com/news/undetected-congenital-heart-defect/

  Undetected congenital heart defects (CHD) are rare, but some babies can grow into adolescence or early adulthood before noticing any symptoms. […] For many adults, the first sign of an undetected congenital heart defect is shortness of breath, especially during exercise. Other signs can include heart palpitations, fainting or cyanosis — a bluish color to the lips and nailbeds in light-skinned people. In those with dark skin, cyanosis may be more noticeable in the gums and around the eyes than the lips and nails. […] Examples of congenital heart defects that can go undetected until adulthood include atrial septal defects (ASDs), long-term effects of unrepaired ventricular septal defects (VSDs) including double-chambered right ventricle, subaortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and Eisenmenger syndrome (pulmonary hypertension plus cyanosis).

• #50 Understanding your congenital heart condition – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/congenital-heart-disease

  However, sometimes congenital heart disease isn’t diagnosed for months or years because some types don’t cause noticeable symptoms. You could be diagnosed as an adult. […] If you or your child are diagnosed with congenital heart disease you will be referred to a cardiologist. They will give you information about diagnosis, how to manage the condition and information on living with congenital heart disease.

• #51 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with. […] Some congenital heart defects cause no signs or symptoms. Sometimes indications may only appear later in life. And symptoms can also return years after treatments. Symptoms for more serious forms of congenital heart defects may become evident in the first few days or months after birth. You may notice a pale gray or blue skin color called cyanosis. […] Serious congenital heart defects usually are found soon after birth or during the first few months of life. Symptoms could include: Pale gray or blue lips, tongue, or fingernails. Depending on the skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see. Rapid breathing. Swelling in the legs, belly or areas around the eyes. Shortness of breath during feedings, leading to poor weight gain.

• #52 Congenital Heart Disease | Congenital Heart Defects | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html

  Common signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects include: Cyanosis – a bluish color to the skin, lips, and fingernails. It happens when there isn’t enough oxygen in the blood. Fatigue – your baby may be unusually sleepy and may become very tired during feedings. Poor blood flow. Fast or difficult breathing. Heart murmur – an unusual sound between heartbeats. […] Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to: Be smaller than other children Have problems or delays in mental, and emotional growth, and behavior, such as: Speech and language problems Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) […] People with congenital heart defects may develop other health conditions, including: Endocarditis – an infection of lining of the heart and valves Arrhythmia – a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat Heart failure – when your heart can’t pump enough blood to the body Pulmonary hypertension – high blood pressure in your lungs Kidney and liver disease.

• #53

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/complications/

  Children and adults with congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of developing further problems. […] Symptoms of an RTI can include: a cough, which can be severe and involve coughing up phlegm and mucus, wheezing, rapid breathing, chest tightness. […] Symptoms of endocarditis can include: a high temperature, chills, loss of appetite, headache, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, shortness of breath, persistent cough. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can include: shortness of breath, extreme tiredness, dizziness, feeling faint, chest pain, a rapid heartbeat. […] Symptoms of heart failure can include: breathlessness when you’re active or sometimes resting, extreme tiredness and weakness, swelling in the abdomen (tummy), legs, ankles and feet.

• #54 Congenital Heart Defects – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/living-with

  The outlook for children who have congenital heart defects is much better today than it was in the past. […] Complications depend on the type of congenital heart defect you have. Some possible complications include: […] Heart failure is the leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart defects. Some children with congenital heart defects can also develop heart failure. […] Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to have problems with behavior. They are also more likely to have speech and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

• #55

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/complications/

  Children and adults with congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of developing further problems. […] Symptoms of an RTI can include: a cough, which can be severe and involve coughing up phlegm and mucus, wheezing, rapid breathing, chest tightness. […] Symptoms of endocarditis can include: a high temperature, chills, loss of appetite, headache, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, shortness of breath, persistent cough. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can include: shortness of breath, extreme tiredness, dizziness, feeling faint, chest pain, a rapid heartbeat. […] Symptoms of heart failure can include: breathlessness when you’re active or sometimes resting, extreme tiredness and weakness, swelling in the abdomen (tummy), legs, ankles and feet.

• #56 About Congenital Heart Defects | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects

  A congenital heart defect (CHD) results when the heart, or blood vessels near the heart, don’t develop normally before birth. Such defects result when a mishap occurs during heart development soon after conception — often before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. […] There are several categories of possible childhood heart problems: defects from faulty embryo development, misplaced structures, structures that don’t develop properly and heart rhythm disturbances. These defects are usually, but not always, diagnosed early in life. Congenital heart defects range in severity from simple problems, such as “holes” between chambers of the heart, to very severe malformations, such as the complete absence of one or more chambers or valves. […] Such problems may or may not have a disruptive effect on a person’s circulatory system. But having a congenital heart defect can increase your risk of developing certain medical conditions that include: Pulmonary hypertension, Arrhythmias, Infective endocarditis, Congestive heart failure, Kidney and liver disease.

• #57 Congenital Heart Defects | Cooper University Health Care

  https://cooperhealth.org/services/congenital-heart-defects

  Signs and symptoms may be different for newborns and adults. They also depend on the number, type, and severity of the heart defect. Some common signs and symptoms include: Cyanosis, Fatigue, Heart murmurs, Poor blood circulation, Rapid breathing. […] Congenital heart defects do not cause chest pain or other painful symptoms. Older children or adults may get tired easily or short of breath during physical activity. […] Complications depend on the type of congenital heart defect you have. Some of the possible complications include: Arrhythmia, Blood clots, Developmental disorders and delays. Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to have problems with behavior. They are also more likely to have speech and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Emotional health issues. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder are common among people with congenital heart defects. Endocarditis, a type of heart inflammation, Endocrine disorders, including thyroid problems, bone health issues, and diabetes. Problems with the hormones that deal with calcium can cause bone problems. Heart failure. Heart failure is the leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart defects. Some children with congenital heart defects develop heart failure.

• #58

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/complications/

  Children and adults with congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of developing further problems. […] Symptoms of an RTI can include: a cough, which can be severe and involve coughing up phlegm and mucus, wheezing, rapid breathing, chest tightness. […] Symptoms of endocarditis can include: a high temperature, chills, loss of appetite, headache, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, shortness of breath, persistent cough. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can include: shortness of breath, extreme tiredness, dizziness, feeling faint, chest pain, a rapid heartbeat. […] Symptoms of heart failure can include: breathlessness when you’re active or sometimes resting, extreme tiredness and weakness, swelling in the abdomen (tummy), legs, ankles and feet.

• #59 About Congenital Heart Defects | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects

  A congenital heart defect (CHD) results when the heart, or blood vessels near the heart, don’t develop normally before birth. Such defects result when a mishap occurs during heart development soon after conception — often before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. […] There are several categories of possible childhood heart problems: defects from faulty embryo development, misplaced structures, structures that don’t develop properly and heart rhythm disturbances. These defects are usually, but not always, diagnosed early in life. Congenital heart defects range in severity from simple problems, such as “holes” between chambers of the heart, to very severe malformations, such as the complete absence of one or more chambers or valves. […] Such problems may or may not have a disruptive effect on a person’s circulatory system. But having a congenital heart defect can increase your risk of developing certain medical conditions that include: Pulmonary hypertension, Arrhythmias, Infective endocarditis, Congestive heart failure, Kidney and liver disease.

• #60

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/complications/

  Children and adults with congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of developing further problems. […] Symptoms of an RTI can include: a cough, which can be severe and involve coughing up phlegm and mucus, wheezing, rapid breathing, chest tightness. […] Symptoms of endocarditis can include: a high temperature, chills, loss of appetite, headache, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, shortness of breath, persistent cough. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can include: shortness of breath, extreme tiredness, dizziness, feeling faint, chest pain, a rapid heartbeat. […] Symptoms of heart failure can include: breathlessness when you’re active or sometimes resting, extreme tiredness and weakness, swelling in the abdomen (tummy), legs, ankles and feet.

• #61 Congenital heart disease: Heart defects, types, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181142

  Also, mild symptoms of a CHD that do not warrant surgery during childhood may worsen over time and require treatment in adulthood. […] CHDs can lead to complications, such as developmental problems. […] A child with a CHD may start walking and talking later than their peers, and they may have learning difficulties. […] If the heart cannot pump blood around the body effectively, heart failure can result. […] Uncontrolled high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, known as pulmonary hypertension, can lead to irreversible lung damage. […] Having a CHD increases the risk of this problem. […] Living with CHD may cause anxiety and depression. […] The outlook depends on the severity of the abnormality, swiftness of the diagnosis, and treatment provided.

• #62 Congenital heart conditions | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cardiovascular-disease/heart-disease/congenital-heart-disease/

  Congenital heart disease is a general term used to refer to a series of birth defects that affect the heart. […] The symptoms of cyanotic heart disease include: a blue coloured tinge to the lips, fingers and toes (cyanosis), palpitations, fainting, fatigue, chest pains, breathing problems. […] Children with cyanotic heart disease have lower levels of oxygen in their blood, this is known as hypoxia. […] The symptoms of acyanotic heart disease include: severe tiredness, palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath (particularly during activities such as climbing the stairs). […] There are some symptoms that are present in both cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease. These include: poor appetite and feeding difficulties, sweating, particularly when a baby is feeding, delayed growth. […] Many children with congenital heart disease will experience delays in their development, and may take longer to reach certain stages in their development, such as walking or talking. […] Symptoms of endocarditis include: fever, chills, sweating (including night sweats), muscular aches and pains, chest pain, coughs, weakness and fatigue, headache, shortness of breath.

• #63 Congenital Heart Defects | Cooper University Health Care

  https://cooperhealth.org/services/congenital-heart-defects

  Signs and symptoms may be different for newborns and adults. They also depend on the number, type, and severity of the heart defect. Some common signs and symptoms include: Cyanosis, Fatigue, Heart murmurs, Poor blood circulation, Rapid breathing. […] Congenital heart defects do not cause chest pain or other painful symptoms. Older children or adults may get tired easily or short of breath during physical activity. […] Complications depend on the type of congenital heart defect you have. Some of the possible complications include: Arrhythmia, Blood clots, Developmental disorders and delays. Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to have problems with behavior. They are also more likely to have speech and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Emotional health issues. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder are common among people with congenital heart defects. Endocarditis, a type of heart inflammation, Endocrine disorders, including thyroid problems, bone health issues, and diabetes. Problems with the hormones that deal with calcium can cause bone problems. Heart failure. Heart failure is the leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart defects. Some children with congenital heart defects develop heart failure.

• #64 Common Congenital Heart Defects | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/common-congenital-heart-defects

  Symptoms for Tetralogy of Fallot can include: […] Adults with atrial septal defect may not be diagnosed until their 30s, 40s, or 50s. A heart murmur or the development of abnormal heart rhythms can be the first sign that an atrial septal defect is present, and other symptoms of atrial septal defect can include worsening shortness of breath with activity. […] Patients with large ventricular septal defects who have not undergone surgical repair will develop a significant complication known as Eisenmenger Syndrome. […] Symptoms of swelling and chronic diarrhea can be signs of a serious medical problem in Fontan patients and should be evaluated.

• #65 Congenital heart defects can go unnoticed into adulthood | Norton Children’s Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonchildrens.com/news/undetected-congenital-heart-defect/

  Undetected congenital heart defects (CHD) are rare, but some babies can grow into adolescence or early adulthood before noticing any symptoms. […] For many adults, the first sign of an undetected congenital heart defect is shortness of breath, especially during exercise. Other signs can include heart palpitations, fainting or cyanosis — a bluish color to the lips and nailbeds in light-skinned people. In those with dark skin, cyanosis may be more noticeable in the gums and around the eyes than the lips and nails. […] Examples of congenital heart defects that can go undetected until adulthood include atrial septal defects (ASDs), long-term effects of unrepaired ventricular septal defects (VSDs) including double-chambered right ventricle, subaortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and Eisenmenger syndrome (pulmonary hypertension plus cyanosis).

• #66 Congenital Heart Disease | Congenital Heart Defects | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html

  Common signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects include: Cyanosis – a bluish color to the skin, lips, and fingernails. It happens when there isn’t enough oxygen in the blood. Fatigue – your baby may be unusually sleepy and may become very tired during feedings. Poor blood flow. Fast or difficult breathing. Heart murmur – an unusual sound between heartbeats. […] Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to: Be smaller than other children Have problems or delays in mental, and emotional growth, and behavior, such as: Speech and language problems Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) […] People with congenital heart defects may develop other health conditions, including: Endocarditis – an infection of lining of the heart and valves Arrhythmia – a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat Heart failure – when your heart can’t pump enough blood to the body Pulmonary hypertension – high blood pressure in your lungs Kidney and liver disease.

• #67 Congenital Heart Disease – Signs and Symptoms | CardioSmart – American College of Cardiology

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/congenital-heart-disease/signs-and-symptoms

  Poor weight gain […] Poor blood circulation […] Fewer wet diapers […] Babies or kids with congenital heart disease may not get as big or gain weight as they should. […] Call your doctor right away of you or your child notice any of these symptoms. […] Children with congenital heart disease may: Struggle with anxiety (anxiety and depression are far more common in people with chronic diseases, including congenital heart disease). […] Not grow as expected or may develop other health problems related to frequent hospital stays or surgeries. […] Have kidney or liver damage because of poor blood flow through the body. […] Develop learning and developmental disorders including ADHD; spatial and reasoning skills may also be impaired. […] Have greater risk of heart problems with pregnancy.

• #68 Congenital heart disease: Heart defects, types, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/181142

  Also, mild symptoms of a CHD that do not warrant surgery during childhood may worsen over time and require treatment in adulthood. […] CHDs can lead to complications, such as developmental problems. […] A child with a CHD may start walking and talking later than their peers, and they may have learning difficulties. […] If the heart cannot pump blood around the body effectively, heart failure can result. […] Uncontrolled high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, known as pulmonary hypertension, can lead to irreversible lung damage. […] Having a CHD increases the risk of this problem. […] Living with CHD may cause anxiety and depression. […] The outlook depends on the severity of the abnormality, swiftness of the diagnosis, and treatment provided.

• #69 Congenital Heart Defects | Cooper University Health Care

  https://cooperhealth.org/services/congenital-heart-defects

  Signs and symptoms may be different for newborns and adults. They also depend on the number, type, and severity of the heart defect. Some common signs and symptoms include: Cyanosis, Fatigue, Heart murmurs, Poor blood circulation, Rapid breathing. […] Congenital heart defects do not cause chest pain or other painful symptoms. Older children or adults may get tired easily or short of breath during physical activity. […] Complications depend on the type of congenital heart defect you have. Some of the possible complications include: Arrhythmia, Blood clots, Developmental disorders and delays. Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to have problems with behavior. They are also more likely to have speech and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Emotional health issues. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder are common among people with congenital heart defects. Endocarditis, a type of heart inflammation, Endocrine disorders, including thyroid problems, bone health issues, and diabetes. Problems with the hormones that deal with calcium can cause bone problems. Heart failure. Heart failure is the leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart defects. Some children with congenital heart defects develop heart failure.

• #70 Congenital Heart Defects – Living With | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/congenital-heart-defects/living-with

  The outlook for children who have congenital heart defects is much better today than it was in the past. […] Complications depend on the type of congenital heart defect you have. Some possible complications include: […] Heart failure is the leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart defects. Some children with congenital heart defects can also develop heart failure. […] Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to have problems with behavior. They are also more likely to have speech and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

• #71 Congenital Heart Defects (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/if-heart-defect.html

  A heart defect is a problem in the heart’s structure. Kids who have a heart defect were born with it. Heart defects are often called „congenital,” which means „present at birth.” Heart defects can range from mild to severe. […] Signs of a possible congenital heart problem include fast breathing, slower growth, and in older kids, shortness of breath or heart palpitations (feeling their heart beating fast or differently). […] Some babies have serious symptoms that need medical or surgical treatment within the first year of life. […] Complex defects found early might need a series of operations that are finished when a child is about 3 years old. […] Kids treated for a defect (surgically or medically) will need regular visits with a pediatric cardiologist. […] As kids get older, it’s important to help them learn how to take charge of their medical care.

• #72 Congenital Heart Defects (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/if-heart-defect.html

  A heart defect is a problem in the heart’s structure. Kids who have a heart defect were born with it. Heart defects are often called „congenital,” which means „present at birth.” Heart defects can range from mild to severe. […] Signs of a possible congenital heart problem include fast breathing, slower growth, and in older kids, shortness of breath or heart palpitations (feeling their heart beating fast or differently). […] Some babies have serious symptoms that need medical or surgical treatment within the first year of life. […] Complex defects found early might need a series of operations that are finished when a child is about 3 years old. […] Kids treated for a defect (surgically or medically) will need regular visits with a pediatric cardiologist. […] As kids get older, it’s important to help them learn how to take charge of their medical care.

• #73 Congenital heart defects in children – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/congenital-heart-defects-in-children/

  Some children born with a congenital heart defect need many procedures and surgeries throughout life. Lifelong follow-up care is important. The child needs regular health checkups by a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist. Follow-up care may include blood and imaging tests to check for complications.

• #74 Congenital heart defects and critical CHDs | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/congenital-heart-defects-and-critical-chds

  Some of these blood flow problems can cause fluid buildup in the lungs (also called lung congestion or pulmonary edema). Fluid in the lungs can make it harder for your baby to breathe. Babies with serious heart defects may develop heart failure (also called congestive heart failure). This is when the heart cant pump blood as well as it should. […] As they grow older, most babies with critical CHDs need regular checkups with a pediatric cardiologist to check the heart and look for any other health problems. […] Signs of heart defects include: A heart murmur. This is a blowing, whooshing or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. Its caused by rough blood flow through the heart valves or near the heart. […] If your baby has any of these signs, call your baby’s provider right away. Your babys provider may use these tests to check for heart defects.

• #75 Congenital heart disease | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/congenital-heart-disease

  If you have congenital heart disease, there are times when you need to get medical advice. […] Its important to seek medical attention if you develop an infection. Some infections can cause damage to the heart. […] Heart defects in a baby are usually diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after birth. […] Some congenital heart problems do not need any treatment. […] Many babies born with congenital heart disease go on to lead normal lives. […] Its important for people with congenital heart disease to avoid getting infections. […] People with heart defects can be at risk of getting infective endocarditis. […] See a doctor immediately if you develop any sign of infection, such as a chest infection.

• #76 Congenital heart disease: children & teens | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/congenital-heart-disease

  If your child has any of the symptoms of congenital heart disease above, you should see your GP. Go to a hospital emergency department or call 000 for an ambulance straight away if your child is having trouble breathing, suddenly becomes paler, blue or grey, or you’re concerned your child is very unwell. […] Your child’s treatment will depend on how severe the congenital heart disease is. If your child has mild congenital heart disease, they might not need any treatment. Children with severe congenital heart disease might need one or both of the following treatments: heart surgery or catheterisation. Most children with congenital heart disease go on to live long, active and healthy lives. Their ability to exercise and have fun isn’t affected at all. Some children with severe heart defects might have to be careful about what and how much exercise they do.

• #77 Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/congenital-heart-disease

  Severe heart defects are usually diagnosed during pregnancy or shortly after birth. Minor defects often have no signs and children are generally diagnosed when they are older. […] Children who have serious and complex heart defects are likely to require lifelong monitoring and treatment. Many will also need multiple surgeries, exercise restrictions, and infection prevention such as antibiotics.

• #78 Congenital Heart Defects (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/if-heart-defect.html

  A heart defect is a problem in the heart’s structure. Kids who have a heart defect were born with it. Heart defects are often called „congenital,” which means „present at birth.” Heart defects can range from mild to severe. […] Signs of a possible congenital heart problem include fast breathing, slower growth, and in older kids, shortness of breath or heart palpitations (feeling their heart beating fast or differently). […] Some babies have serious symptoms that need medical or surgical treatment within the first year of life. […] Complex defects found early might need a series of operations that are finished when a child is about 3 years old. […] Kids treated for a defect (surgically or medically) will need regular visits with a pediatric cardiologist. […] As kids get older, it’s important to help them learn how to take charge of their medical care.

• #79 Congenital Heart Disease – Signs and Symptoms | CardioSmart – American College of Cardiology

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/congenital-heart-disease/signs-and-symptoms

  Develop other heart diseases later in life, including problems with how the heart beats. […] Feel different from other kids given the burden and focus on health issues; for those who’ve had surgeries, their scars may make them feel excluded or different from their peers. […] It’s important to have patience. Serve as an advocate for your child, and help teach him or her the skills to manage the condition and speak up to assure they get the care they need.

• #80 Children’s Heart Health | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/childrens-heart-health

  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a birth defect of the heart thats present at birth. It happens when something in the heart or the connecting blood vessels doesnt form properly as the fetus is growing and developing during pregnancy. […] The symptoms of the disease, how it progresses or develops over time, and the recommended treatment are specific to the type of CHD. But some of the most common problems are abnormal openings in the walls of the heart, irregular heart rhythms, and deterioration of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure. […] Children who are born with congenital heart defects grow up to be adults with heart issues. Due to continuing improvements in heart surgery and medical treatments, there are now more adults living with the heart conditions they were born with than children living with CHD. The transition from being a child to an adult with CHD can be complicated, but its essential to continue effective and comprehensive heart care throughout life.

• #81 Congenital heart defects in children – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-defects-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20350074

  Less-serious congenital heart defects may not be found until later in childhood. Symptoms of congenital heart defects in older children may include: Easily getting short of breath during exercise or activity. Getting tired very easily during exercise or activity. Fainting during exercise or activity. Swelling in the hands, ankles or feet. […] If you think that your baby has symptoms of a heart condition, call your child’s healthcare professional. […] Complications of congenital heart defects may occur years after the heart condition is treated.

• #82 Tetralogy of Fallot – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tetralogy-of-fallot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353477

  Tetralogy of Fallot symptoms depend on how much blood flow is blocked from leaving the heart to go to the lungs. Symptoms may include: […] Babies with tetralogy of Fallot often have blue or gray skin color due to low oxygen levels. […] Some babies with tetralogy of Fallot suddenly develop deep blue or gray skin, nails, and lips. This usually happens when the baby cries, eats or is upset. These episodes are called tet spells. […] Seek medical help if you notice that your baby has these symptoms: Trouble breathing. Bluish color of the skin. Lack of alertness. Seizures. Weakness. More irritable than usual. […] Untreated tetralogy of Fallot usually leads to life-threatening complications. The complications may cause disability or death by early adulthood.

• #83 Congenital Heart Defects | Cooper University Health Care

  https://cooperhealth.org/services/congenital-heart-defects

  The outlook for children who have congenital heart defects is much better today than it was in the past. Advances in diagnosis and treatment allow most of these children to survive to adulthood, which means that more and more adults are living with congenital heart disease. Even if your congenital heart defect was repaired in childhood, you need regular medical follow-up to maintain good health.

• #84 What Parents of Children with Heart Defects Need to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/congenital-heart-defects-slideshow

  Sometimes, infants and children with congenital heart defects require one or more surgical procedures to repair the heart or blood vessels. […] A diagnosis of a congenital heart defect used to be grim news for new parents. But thanks to medical advances, people with congenital heart defects are living longer, healthier, and active lives.

• #85 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21674-congenital-heart-disease

  Congenital heart disease symptoms may start as soon as a baby is born or may not appear until later in life. They can include: […] The signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects vary widely, depending on: […] Congenital heart defects can make you more likely to have: […] Some cases of CHD may not need any treatment. Others are life-threatening and need treatment soon after birth. […] The outlook for people with congenital heart disease depends on the type of issue and its severity. Although serious cases can be life-threatening, many people with CHD live long, relatively normal and fulfilling lives. […] Decades ago, only 10% of children with CHD survived into adulthood. Advances in diagnosis and treatment now help about 90% survive.

• #86 Signs of Heart Problems in Children and Teens | Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta

  https://www.choa.org/parent-resources/heart/signs-of-heart-problems-in-children-and-teens

  Signs of potential heart problems in infants may include: Trouble gaining weight, Bluish color to the lips, tongue or nail beds, Difficulty with feeding, Fast or rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing, even while resting, Tiring easily while eating, Sweating while feeding. […] In young children, look for: Passing out during physical exercise or activity, Heart palpitationsa heartbeat that feels funny or fluttery to a child, Shortness of breath while playing or being active, Chest pain. […] Signs of heart disease in teens are similar to those in younger kids. […] Regardless of age, persistent breathing difficulty is an often-overlooked sign of a potential pediatric heart condition. […] If you suspect your child may have an underlying heart condition, discuss this openly with your child’s pediatrician. […] Despite how scary it may seem to have a child with a heart problem, advances in modern medicine have greatly improved outcomes for pediatric heart disease, and most kids with heart conditions grow up healthy and are able to thrive.

• #87 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21674-congenital-heart-disease

  Congenital heart disease symptoms may start as soon as a baby is born or may not appear until later in life. They can include: […] The signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects vary widely, depending on: […] Congenital heart defects can make you more likely to have: […] Some cases of CHD may not need any treatment. Others are life-threatening and need treatment soon after birth. […] The outlook for people with congenital heart disease depends on the type of issue and its severity. Although serious cases can be life-threatening, many people with CHD live long, relatively normal and fulfilling lives. […] Decades ago, only 10% of children with CHD survived into adulthood. Advances in diagnosis and treatment now help about 90% survive.

• #88 Congenital heart disease: children & teens | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/congenital-heart-disease

  If your child has any of the symptoms of congenital heart disease above, you should see your GP. Go to a hospital emergency department or call 000 for an ambulance straight away if your child is having trouble breathing, suddenly becomes paler, blue or grey, or you’re concerned your child is very unwell. […] Your child’s treatment will depend on how severe the congenital heart disease is. If your child has mild congenital heart disease, they might not need any treatment. Children with severe congenital heart disease might need one or both of the following treatments: heart surgery or catheterisation. Most children with congenital heart disease go on to live long, active and healthy lives. Their ability to exercise and have fun isn’t affected at all. Some children with severe heart defects might have to be careful about what and how much exercise they do.

• #89 Heart problems in children

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Heart_problems_in_children/

  If your child has any of the symptoms of a heart defect, see your GP. You will be referred to a paediatrician or paediatric cardiologist (children’s heart specialist). […] The treatment for your child’s heart defect will depend on the cause of the problem. Most heart defects resolve by themselves over time, and some can be fixed with medicine. Sometimes surgery or other procedures may be needed. In some cases, your child may need a combination of treatments. […] Some parents worry that their child might die suddenly. Fortunately, this is extremely rare for children. Most children with heart problems are successfully treated, and many live an active and healthy life. […] After your child has been treated for their heart defect, they will have regular checks with their cardiologist and/or paediatrician.

• #90 Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21674-congenital-heart-disease

  Congenital heart disease symptoms may start as soon as a baby is born or may not appear until later in life. They can include: […] The signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects vary widely, depending on: […] Congenital heart defects can make you more likely to have: […] Some cases of CHD may not need any treatment. Others are life-threatening and need treatment soon after birth. […] The outlook for people with congenital heart disease depends on the type of issue and its severity. Although serious cases can be life-threatening, many people with CHD live long, relatively normal and fulfilling lives. […] Decades ago, only 10% of children with CHD survived into adulthood. Advances in diagnosis and treatment now help about 90% survive.

• #91 Congenital heart disease – Children’s Health Cardiology

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/congenital-heart-disease

  Signs of congenital heart disease may include: Blue skin tones (cyanosis) due to lack of oxygen, Excessive sweating, Extreme fatigue or sleepiness, Lack of appetite or stunted growth, Puffiness in the legs, feet or face, Rapid breathing or shortness of breath, Inability to keep up with peers during play or physical activity, Weak pulse or pounding heart. […] Many heart defects aren’t noticeable until after a baby is born or even later in life. Before a newborn leaves the hospital, most states, including Texas, require screenings for certain congenital heart diseases that are considered critical. These more serious heart defects can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. […] To detect a critical heart problem in a newborn, doctors measure the baby’s oxygen level. This painless test involves placing sensors on a newborn’s skin (pulse oximetry test). A low oxygen level may indicate a heart problem. Your child will also get a physical exam so the doctor can listen to the heart and lungs and check for heart murmurs (unusual heart sounds) or abnormal pulses.

• #92 Congenital Heart Disease – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/congenital-heart-disease/

  Some babies need to have surgery. Some heart problems must be fixed as soon as the baby is born. Other problems can wait until the child is older. Sometimes the repair takes more than one operation. After surgery, your baby will probably stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for a few days. There the doctors and nurses can keep a close watch. Many children are back to normal just a few days after heart surgery. […] Even if the problem is fixed, your child will need to be monitored for heart problems for the rest of his or her life.

• #93 About Congenital Heart Defects | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/index.html

  Even with improved treatments, many people with heart defects are not cured, even if their heart defect has been surgically repaired. People with heart defects can develop other health problems over time. People with a heart defect need routine checkups with a cardiologist (heart doctor) to stay as healthy as possible.

• #94 Recognizing and Treating Your Child’s Congenital Heart Defect

  https://www.arnoldpalmerhospital.com/content-hub/recognizing-and-treating-your-childs-congenital-heart-defect/

  Children with a heart defect commonly experience shortness of breath on exertion, cyanosis („blueness”), chest pain, murmurs, palpitations and fainting. Many of these symptoms are very nonspecific. […] Not every child with a congenital heart defect requires treatment. However, most require evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist to determine if and when treatment should be given. […] The treatment for congenital heart disease varies, depending on your child’s specific condition. […] Today, treatment options are available for most types of congenital heart disease. Even people with the most severe forms of congenital heart disease can lead fulfilling lives, recognizing they may need medications and possibly transplantation at some point.

• #95 Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/congenital-heart-defects

  Symptoms of congenital heart defects in infants and children include: […] Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, fingernails, and lips) […] Respiratory distress […] Poor feeding […] Poor weight gain […] Recurrent lung infections […] Less ability to exercise or play actively compared to other children. […] In some cases, congenital heart defects are discovered before a baby is born during a fetal ultrasound. Some types of complex congenital heart defects are apparent shortly after birth. Less severe defects may not be found until the child is older. Some congenital heart defects are discovered after the doctor hears a heart murmur. […] Treatment is based on the specific type of congenital heart defect your child has and the severity of the defect. Some mild heart defects don’t need any treatment. Others can be treated with medications, interventional procedures, or surgery. […] The outlook for congenital heart defects is increasingly positive, even for the most complex problems.

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